FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Dasgupta, A Blaha, M Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP Davis, J AF Dasgupta, A Blaha, M Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP Davis, J BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI Electron-impact excitation calculations of rare gas atoms for spectroscopic analysis of plasma discharges SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID CROSS-SECTIONS; METASTABLE LEVELS; ARGON ATOMS; STATES; SCATTERING; KRYPTON AB In recent years there have been a number of experimental and theoretical investigations of excitation cross sections of rare gas atoms such as argon and krypton due to their importance in various gaseous applications. Accurate knowledge of these cross sections is crucial for applying rare gas actinometry as a diagnostic of molecular dissociation in plasma processing. These rates are also important for modeling of lighting discharges and excimer laser amplifiers. We have calculated excitation cross sections from the ground and metastable levels to several excited levels of Ar I and K-r I in the distorted wave (DW) approximation including both exchange and unitarization of the S matrix. We have compared our results with other published data and calculations. Although there exist quite a number of theoretical calculations and measurements for the case of Ar I, published data of excitation cross sections for K-r I, especially from excited states, is very limited. When compared with the existing data, our DW calculation generally gives accurate results at high electron energies and improved results over other DW approaches. The work will also be compared to more complex R-matrix calculations which are better suited to near threshold excitations, but are impractical at high electron energies. We will discuss how the cross sections: calculated for Ar I and Kr I are used in diagnosing plasma conditions in discharges. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 177 EP 189 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200015 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Dayhoff, JE Jain, AK AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Dayhoff, JE Jain, AK BE Sadjadi, FA TI Avoiding metric similarity measures in ATR SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE aircraft recognition; automatic target recognition; infrared image; shape similarity measure AB In target recognition in uncontrolled environments the test target may not belong to the prestored targets or target classes. Hence, in such environments the use of a typical classifier which finds the closest class still leaves open the question of whether the test target truly belongs to that class. To decide whether a test target matches a stored target, common approaches calculate a degree of similarity between the two targets using a similarity measure such as Euclidean distance, and make a decision based on whether the distance exceeds a (prespecified) threshold. Based on psychophysical studies, this is very different from, and far inferior to, human capabilities.(7) In this paper we show a new approach where a neural network learns a decision boundary between the confirmation vs. rejection of a match with the help of a human critic. The decision boundary is a multidimensional surface, and models the human similarity measure for the recognition task at hand, thus avoiding metric similarity measures and thresholds. A case study in automatic aircraft recognition is shown. In the absence of sufficient real data, the approach allows us to specifically generate an arbitrarily large number of training exemplars projecting near the classification boundary. The performance of the trained network was comparable to that of a human expert, and far better than a network trained only on the available real data. Furthermore, the results were considerably better than those obtained using a Euclidean discriminator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kamgar@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.395594 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300006 ER PT S AU Marchette, DJ Solka, JL AF Marchette, DJ Solka, JL BE Sadjadi, FA TI Feature selection with the image grand tour SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE dimensionality reduction; feature selection; image processing; image filters; grand tour AB The grand tour(1) is a method for visualizing high dimensional data by presenting the user with a set of projections and the projected data. This idea was extended to multispectral images(2) by viewing each pixel as a multidimensional value, and viewing the projections of the grand tour as an image. The user then looks for projections which provide a useful interpretation of the image, for example, separating targets from clutter. We discuss a modification of this which allows the user to select convolution kernels which provide useful discriminant ability, both in an unsupervised manner as in the image grand tour, or in a supervised manner using training data. This approach is extended to other window-based features. For example, one can define a generalization of the median filter as a linear combination of the order statistics within an window. Thus the median filter is that projection containing zeros everywhere except for the middle value, which contains a one. Using the convolution grand tour one can select projections on these order statistics to obtain new nonlinear filters. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.395596 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300010 ER PT S AU Solka, J Johannsen, D Marchette, D Guidry, R AF Solka, J Johannsen, D Marchette, D Guidry, R BE Sadjadi, FA TI A comparison of geometric features for object classification in aerial imagery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE geometric moments; zernike moments; boundary moments; nearest neighbor classifier; automatic target recognition; low-level image processing; mid-level image processing ID RECOGNITION AB This paper examines the use of three feature sets for object classification in aerial imagery. The first feature set is based on affine invariant functions of the central moments computed on the objects within the image. The second feature set employed Zernike moment invariants and the third feature set utilized affine invariant functions of the central moments that are computed over a spline fit to the object boundary. The initial object locations were obtained using either a region of interest identification process based on low-level image processing techniques or a hand extraction process. A single nearest neighbor, k-nearest neighbors, and a weighted k-nearest neighbors classifier were employed to evaluate the utility of the various feature sets for both the hand extracted and region of interest identified objects. The performance of the full system is characterized via probability of detection and probability of false alarm. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Solka, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.395552 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300012 ER PT S AU Ratway, MJ Bellomo, C AF Ratway, MJ Bellomo, C BE Sadjadi, FA TI Inference evaluation in a finite evidence domain SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE activities; behavior model; evidence; inference evaluation; target recognition; track classification AB Modeling of a target starts with a subject matter expert (SME) analysis of the available sensor(s) data. The SME then forms relationships between the data and known target attributes, called evidence, to support modeling of different types of targets or target activity. Speeds in the interval 10 to 30 knots and ranges less than 30 nautical miles are two samples of target evidence derived from sensor data. Evidence is then organized into sets to define the activities of a target and/or to distinguish different types of targets. For example, near an airport, target activities of takeoff, landing, and holding need to be evaluated in addition to target classification of civilian or commercial aircraft. This paper discusses a method for evaluation of the inferred activities over the finite evidence domain formed from the collection of models under consideration. The methodology accounts for repeated use of evidence in different models. For example, "near an airport" is a required piece of evidence used repeatedly in the takeoff, landing, and holding models of a wide area sensor. Properties of the activity model evaluator methodology are discussed in terms of model construction and informal results are presented in a Boolean evidence type of problem domain. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ratway, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code B32,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.395554 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300014 ER PT S AU Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW Rais, H AF Rogers, GW Mansfield, AW Rais, H BE Sadjadi, FA TI Interferometric SAR to EO image registration problem SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; interferometry; IFSAR; image registration ID RADAR AB Historically, SAR to EO registration accuracy has been at the multiple pixel level compared to sub-pixel EO to EO registration accuracies. This is due to a variety of factors including the different scattering characteristics of the ground for EO and SAR, SAR speckle, and terrain induced geometric distortion. One approach to improving the SAR to EO registration accuracy is to utilize the full information from multiple SAR surveys using interferometric techniques. In this paper we will examine this problem in detail with an example using ERS SAR imagery. Estimates of the resulting accuracy based on ERS are included. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rogers, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code G50, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.395561 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300021 ER PT S AU Rogers, GW Breitenstein, D Roth, D Mansfield, AW Rais, H AF Rogers, GW Breitenstein, D Roth, D Mansfield, AW Rais, H BE Sadjadi, FA TI Full resolution interferometric SAR processing SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; interferometry; IFSAR; resolution AB In this paper we present our approach to full resolution IFSAR processing that retains full azimuth and range resolution for a significant fraction of the pixels. This is accomplished through the use of statistical analysis and nonlinear smoothing in conjunction with limited spectral extrapolatian. In our approach, a significant fraction of the pixels retain their original phase values all of the way through the processing. At the same time, we are able to reduce the number of residues by several orders of magnitude. An additional benefit of this approach is the ability to detect and discriminate between complete decorrelation due to large bodies of water and partial decorrelation due to foliage. The approach will be presented along with examples based on ERS tandem pair data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rogers, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.395563 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300022 ER PT S AU Breitenstein, D Rogers, GW Roth, D Huxtable, B AF Breitenstein, D Rogers, GW Roth, D Huxtable, B BE Sadjadi, FA TI Advanced resolution enhancement techniques for search and rescue SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE super-resolution; synthetic aperture radar; interferometry ID SAR AB There are a number of methods well documented in the literature for increasing the resolution of an image product beyond the resolution limit of the EO or radar sensor that acquired the data. This paper reports on an investigation of these techniques for "super-resolution" and their applicability to Search and Rescue Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR(2)). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Breitenstein, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1117/12.395565 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300024 ER PT B AU Davis, CV Ellis, MT AF Davis, CV Ellis, MT GP IEEE IEEE TI A vision of guided weapons ATS standardization - A synergistic, cooperative approach SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Standardization of Automatic Test Systems (ATS) has demonstrated significant cost savings and performance benefits for all armed service branches across a variety of weapons system types. Noticeable by its absence is the application of standard ATS to guided munitions testing This paper reviews the background of guided munitions ATS and examines a vision for its future A future which must address a Performance Based Business Environment (PBBE) pervasive use of Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) equipment and a trend towards manufacturer-as-maintainer under Organizational-to Original Equipment Manufacturer ("O" to "OEM") test and repair structures. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Davis, CV (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 48E000E, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885572 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600009 ER PT B AU Stanfield, S AF Stanfield, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Guided weapons test station upgrade - A cooperative effort with Taiwan SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWC-WD) in cooperation with the Taiwan Chang Shun Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST) has undertaken a product improvement project to upgrade the first generation common munitions tester the Guided Weapons Test Station (GWTS). The GWTS is mostly commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment As such it is subject to component obsolescence. The (PI)-I-3 project replaces obsolete COTS, including the system controller with more supportable hems The project goes further by replacing Compaq/DEC Alpha UNIX with Windows NT/2000. This shift requires an en masse re-host of the GWTS software suite. Re-host is a challenging process, not without risk, but will more closely align the GWTS design with industry standards. Resources expended now will be more than offset by future savings. The GWTS project is not being conducted in a vacuum. Navy project leaders ensure that CSIST management is continually aware of technical and schedule status, and CSIST engineers will join the team. Raytheon, who is exploring options for new common munitions ATE, monitors upgrade progress, and they have invited NAWC-WD participation in trade studies for a future Standard Missile test station. The GWTS upgrade team and Raytheon have mutually benefited from this cooperation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Stanfield, S (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 48E000E,521 9th St, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885574 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600011 ER PT B AU Mangum, WM Hall, J Collins, DD AF Mangum, WM Hall, J Collins, DD GP IEEE IEEE TI Whats a TIF, anyway? Why should TPS developers flock to it? Whats the big deal? SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB This paper shares the capabilities, functionality and lessons learned in using a Test Integration Facility (TIF) for test program set (TPS) development. The TIF is of interest to all parties associated with automatic test equipment (ATE) TPS development in general and in particular, CASS TPS developers. This paper will explain the concept of a TIF and the advantages and rewards in using if. Id will also validate the TIF concept and provide a solid response to the question "What's the big deal?" C1 USN, Aviat Depot, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Mangum, WM (reprint author), USN, Aviat Depot, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885592 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600029 ER PT B AU Mott, MA Khan, F AF Mott, MA Khan, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Integration of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) video stimulus instrument with fielded automated test system (ATS) SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the incorporation of a Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) video stimulus instrument in the Navy's Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) ATS. Included are COTS instrument selection, CASS software modifications, CASS modifications, and product enhancements, which evolved out of the effort. The video stimulus requirement of the U.S. Navy's Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) was fulfilled via the integration of a commercial instrument into the CASS. The effort Evolved product research, selection, and testing; mechanical and electrical design and testing; software engineering; integration; and fielding. The major component (a commercial video stimulus instrument) was selected CASS software was modified to support an ATLAS interface to the instrument. The CASS ATS was modified to accommodate the instrument; this modification required mechanical design and environmental testing. The video signal path (instrument to CASS interface) was developed; and the product was enhanced to provide rudimentary animation capabilities in support of infrared tracking systems. The focus of the paper is product selection and requirements matching; software development and integration with the existing product; system testing and calibration; retrofitting of fielded systems. A brief section focuses on enhancements (beyond the original scope) that evolved from capabilities of the COTS instrument. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Mott, MA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885637 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600073 ER PT B AU Clark, CL AF Clark, CL GP IEEE IEEE TI Alternative repair support methods SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Material support for new electronic systems has traditionally been a mixture of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and organic (Navy industrialldepot) repair support The Seawolf program office decided to rely primarily on OEM support for Contractor Furnished Equipment (CFE) for the life of the system, and not develop organic capabilities unless tangible cost or mission benefits resulted. Thr's is very similar to the type of support that might be used for a Commercial Oh-the-Shelf (COTS) system. Iterative review and management of repair sources and repairability issues, including material obsolescence, is required to ensure continuing viable, and cost effective material readiness. An integrated Process Team (IPT) was identified to recommend, and implement material support strategies. Support decisions will be monitored and continuously re-evaluated to enable response to changes in the environment This paper describes the goals that were used in CFE electronics maintenance planning, the approach used to develop maintenance recommendations, and the repair decision process. It concludes with a discussion of support options that may be applied in the future to accommodate changes that can be expected as the support environment evolves. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Keyport, Keyport, WA 98345 USA. RP Clark, CL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Keyport, 610 Dowell St, Keyport, WA 98345 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885650 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600086 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Decker, GA Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Decker, GA Rule, DW BE Jacobs, KD Sibley, RC TI Initial nonintercepting measurements of subpicosecond bunches using coherent diffraction radiation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Bates Linear Acclerat Ctr, MIT, Lab Nucl Sci AB We report initial measurements of the subpicosecond (sub-ps) bunch structure in a 40 MeV linac beam using the autocorrelation of far infrared (FIR) coherent diffraction radiation (CDR). Since the radiation was generated as the charged particles passed through a slit or aperture in a metal screen oriented at 45 degrees to the beam direction, this is a nonintercepting technique. A compact Michelson interferometer was used to obtain the autocorrelation of the backward CDR with a Golay cell used as the FIR-mm wave detector. The longitudinal shape was calculated from the autocorrelation using the minimal phase approximation. A model was developed and used to calculate the CDR spectral emissions. The experimental results, analysis, and model are presented. Complementary measurements were also made with coherent transition radiation (CTR). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-975-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 546 BP 484 EP 492 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR39P UT WOS:000166298700046 ER PT B AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, SJ BE Lemarchand, GA Meech, KJ TI Cultural aspects of astrobiology: A preliminary reconnaissance at the turn of the millennium SO BIOASTRONOMY'99, A NEW ERA IN BIOASTRONOMY, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on A New Era in Search for life in the Universe (Bioastronomy 99) CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL KOHALA, HI SP Int Astronom Union, Commiss 51 ID SPACE SCIENCE AB Among the four operating principles of the NASA Astrobiology Roadmap, Principle 3 recognizes broad societal interest for the implications of astrobiology. Although several meetings have been convened in the past decade to discuss the implications of extraterrestrial intelligence, none have addressed the broader implications of astrobiology as now defined at NASA. Here we survey these societal questions, and argue that they deserve further serious study, in accordance with the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958. Astrobiology, already an interdisciplinary field in terms of the physical and biological sciences, should now embrace the humanities and the social and behavioral sciences in order to explore its cultural implications. Such study is part of the general need for better dialogue between science and society. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dick@ariel.usno.navy.mil NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-044-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 213 BP 649 EP + PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BR93X UT WOS:000168121700096 ER PT J AU Cunningham, JA Hopkins, GD Lebron, CA Reinhard, M AF Cunningham, JA Hopkins, GD Lebron, CA Reinhard, M TI Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation of groundwater contaminated by fuel hydrocarbons at Seal Beach, California SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; biodegradation; BTEX; fuel; hydrocarbons; Seal Beach ID SULFATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; TOLUENE; DEGRADATION; ETHYLBENZENE; METABOLISM; BACTERIUM; XYLENE; BTEX AB Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of groundwater contaminated by fuel hydrocarbons has been evaluated at a field experiment conducted at the Naval Weapons Station, Seal Beach, California. This experiment included the establishment of three different remediation zones in situ: one zone was augmented with sulfate, one was augmented with sulfate and nitrate, and the third was unaugmented. This enables a comparison of hydrocarbon biodegradation under sulfate-reducing, sequential denitrifying/sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions, respectively. In general, the results from the field experiment are: (1) Certain fuel hydrocarbons were removed preferentially over others, but the order of preference is dependent upon the geochemical conditions; and (2) In the zones that were augmented with sulfate and/or nitrate, the added electron acceptors were consumed quickly, indicating that enhancement via electron acceptor injection accelerates the biodegradation process. More specifically, in the sulfate-reducing zone, sulfate was utilized with an apparent first-order rate coefficient of approximately 0.1 day(-1). In the combined denitrifying/sulfate-reducing zone, nitrate was utilized preferentially over sulfate, with an apparent first-order rate coefficient of 0.1-0.6 day(-1). However, the data suggest that slow sulfate utilization does occur in the presence of nitrate, i.e., the two processes are not strictly sequential. With regard to the aromatic BTEX hydrocarbons, toluene was preferentially removed under intrinsic conditions; biodegradation of benzene was slow if it occurred at all; augmentation with sulfate preferentially stimulated biodegradation of o-xylene; and ethylbenzene appeared recalcitrant under sulfate-reducing conditions but readily degradable under denitrifying conditions. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Restorat Dev Branch, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Reinhard, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1023/A:1011167709913 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 429RK UT WOS:000168530600007 PM 11440242 ER PT J AU Pope, R Little, B Ray, R AF Pope, R Little, B Ray, R TI Microscopies, spectroscopies and spectrometries applied to marine corrosion of copper SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Marine Biofouling CY JUL 07-09, 1999 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP USN Off Res, European Off Naval Res HO UNIV PLYMOUTH DE microbiologically influenced corrosion; surface analysis ID MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION; ALLOYS; EXOPOLYMERS; SURFACES; BIOFILMS; BINDING; METALS AB Used in combination, surface analytical techniques can resolve spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion, determine specific corrosion mechanisms and differentiate between abiotic and biotic processes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode microscopy were used to demonstrate that marine bacteria and anodic sites are co-located. Environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to demonstrate dealloying of nickel from copper:nickel alloys. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy equipped with electron energy loss spectrometry were used to deter mine the speciation of copper associated with corrosion products. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2-4 BP 83 EP + PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 388TW UT WOS:000166200000002 ER PT J AU Wynne, KJ Swain, GW Fox, RB Bullock, S Uilk, J AF Wynne, KJ Swain, GW Fox, RB Bullock, S Uilk, J TI Two silicone nontoxic fouling release coatings: Hydrosilation cured PDMS and CaCO3 filled, ethoxysiloxane cured RTV11 SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Marine Biofouling CY JUL 07-09, 1999 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP USN Off Res, European Off Naval Res HO UNIV PLYMOUTH DE non-toxic fouling release; barnacle adhesion ID SURFACE SCIENCE; NETWORKS; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; ELASTOMER; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR AB Two silicone coatings have been evaluated for barnacle adhesion. One coating is an unfilled hydrosilation cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network, while the other is a room temperature vulcanized (RTV), filled, ethoxysiloxane cured PDMS elastomer, RTV11(dagger) The adhesion strength of one species of barnacle, Balanus eburneus, to the hydrosilation coatings is in the range of 0.37-0.60 kg cm(-2) while the corresponding range for RTV11 is 0.64-0.90 kg cm(-2). The easier release of B. eburneus from the hydrosilation cured network compared to RTV11 is discussed in relationship to differences in bulk and surface properties. Preliminary results suggest bulk modulus may be the most important parameter in determining barnacle adhesion strength. In light or mechanical property analysis, a re-evaluation of surface properties and chemical stability is presented. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Oceanog Program, Div Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2-4 BP 277 EP + PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 388TW UT WOS:000166200000019 ER PT J AU Singer, IL Kohl, JG Patterson, M AF Singer, IL Kohl, JG Patterson, M TI Mechanical aspects of silicone coatings for hard foulant control SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Marine Biofouling CY JUL 07-09, 1999 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP USN Off Res, European Off Naval Res HO UNIV PLYMOUTH DE barnacles; silicone coatings; pull test; scratch test; foul-release surface ID ADHESION AB Barnacle release mechanisms and the durability of silicone coatings have been studied. Release studies were performed on both transparent, single-layer silicone coatings and duplex silicone coatings. The release forces of pseudobarnacles (epoxied studs) and Chesapeake Bay barnacles (Balanus improvisus) were measured with a pull-off (tension) tester; modes of release were revealed in video recordings of the separation process from transparent coatings on glass. Scratch tests with 0.8 mm spherically-tipped diamond provided a measure of durability (tear resistance). Release forces from both coatings decreased as coating thickness increased. Both pseudobarnacles and barnacles separated by a peeling process, although differences in peeling modes were seen. The durability of coatings increased with increasing coating thickness. Release behavior is discussed in terms of a fracture mechanic's model for pull-off separation, and the differences in adhesion between barnacles and pseudobarnacles are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kohl, James /E-5365-2011 NR 17 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2-4 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 388TW UT WOS:000166200000021 ER PT J AU Franklin, M White, DC Little, B Ray, R Pope, R AF Franklin, M White, DC Little, B Ray, R Pope, R TI The role of bacteria in pit propagation of carbon steel SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling CY FEB, 1999 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP COIPM, USN Off Res Int Field Off, Europe & Japan, Defence Sci & Technol Org, Akzo Nobel, Jotun Paints, Hempels Marine Paints A/S, Kansai Paint Co, Dept State Dev, Victoria, CSIRO Ctr Res Introduced Marine Pests DE microbiologically influenced corrosion; Pseudomonas sp.; pit propagation ID SCANNING VIBRATING ELECTRODE; NATURAL-WATERS; CORROSION AB Pit propagation in carbon steel exposed to a phosphate-containing electrolyte required either stagnant conditions or microbial colonization of anodic regions. A scanning vibrating electrode (!;VE) was used to resolve formation and inactivation of anodic and cathodic sites on carbon steel. In sterile, continuously aerated medium, pits initiated and repassivated, while in the absence of aeration, Fits initiated and propagated. Pit propagation was also observed in continuously aerated medium inoculated with a heterotrophic bacterium, originally isolated from a corrosion tubercle formed on a steel pipe in a fresh water environment. Autoradiography of bacteria following uptake of C-14-acetate into cellular material in combination with SVE analysis demonstrated that sites of anodic activity coincided with sites of bacterial activity. Prelabeled bacteria also preferentially attached to corrosion products over the anodic sites. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that attraction to anodic sites did not depend on bacterial viability and was not specific for iron as a substratum. The results suggest that bacteria may preferentially attach to the corrosion products formed over corrosion pits. The biofilms over these anodic sites may create stagnant conditions within corrosion pits that result in Fit propagation. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 355RW UT WOS:000089400200003 PM 22115288 ER PT J AU Brady, RF Singer, IL AF Brady, RF Singer, IL TI Mechanical factors favoring release from fouling release coatings SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling CY FEB, 1999 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP COIPM, USN Off Res Int Field Off, Europe & Japan, Defence Sci & Technol Org, Akzo Nobel, Jotun Paints, Hempels Marine Paints A/S, Kansai Paint Co, Dept State Dev, Victoria, CSIRO Ctr Res Introduced Marine Pests DE adhesion; elastomeric coating; marine fouling; fracture mechanics; critical surface tension; elastic modulus; coating thickness ID INTERFACIAL SLIPPAGE; ADHESION AB For some twenty years the marine coatings industry has been intrigued by polymer surfaces with low adhesion to other materials, especially to the biological glues used by marine organisms. Polymers with fouling release surfaces have been made from sundry materials, and their resistance to marine fouling in both static and dynamic tests has been evaluated in the world's oceans. Although the polymer surface property most frequently correlated with bioadhesion is its critical surface tension (gamma(c)), resistance to fouling is also influenced by other bulk and surface properties of the polymer. This paper reviews the types of bonding associated with polymeric materials used in fouling resistant coatings, describes the removal process in terms of fracture mechanics, and discusses the importance of surface energy, elastic modulus and coating thickness in the release of biofoulants. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 189 Z9 197 U1 4 U2 47 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 355RW UT WOS:000089400200008 PM 22115293 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Finlay, JA Callow, ME Callow, JA AF Schultz, MP Finlay, JA Callow, ME Callow, JA TI A turbulent channel flow apparatus for the determination of the adhesion strength of microfouling organisms SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE Amphora; adhesion strength; flow cell; turbulent channel flow; shear stress ID REYNOLDS-NUMBER; DIATOMS; SURFACES AB The development of novel, fouling-release surfaces has led to the need for better test methods to evaluate their performance. A water channel has been designed to measure the adhesion strength of microfouling organisms to test surfaces. The apparatus allows six replicate microscope slides to be mounted in a fully-developed, turbulent channel flow Wall shear stress in the test section can be varied from 0.9-30Pa over a Reynolds number range of 2,800 to 27,000 based on the bulk mean velocity and channel height. Calibration of the device indicates that the accuracy and repeatability in the wall shear stress is within 4% throughout the range. Experiments using the fouling diatom Amphora settled on acid-washed glass slides are presented. The results show significant differences in the shear stress required to remove Amphora cells with settlement time. No significant differences among the replicate slides were observed, indicating flow uniformity in the test section. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM mschultz@usna.edu RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 27 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2000 VL 15 IS 4 BP 243 EP + PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 355RX UT WOS:000089400300001 ER PT S AU Byrd, K Benghuzzi, H AF Byrd, K Benghuzzi, H BE Waugaman, WA Miller, JC TI The role of density on the release profiles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds from TCPL delivery systems SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 36 SE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/37th International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 14-16, 2000 CL USAF ACAD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP Instrument Soc Amer HO USAF ACAD DE tricalcium phosphate; hydroxyapatite; chromatography; steroid; protein; bioceramics; biomaterials; Implantable devices; orthopedic implants; dental implants ID PROTEIN AB Several studies have shown that tri-calcium phosphate lysine drug delivery systems (TCPL) are capable of releasing various organic compounds at a sustained manner for long duration. The fabrication of TCPL devices is complex and the manipulation of various factors can alter drug release profiles. The compression of the TCPL material into the capsular form is an instrumental factor when studying the desired release profile. The objectives of this investigation were: 1) to study the interrelationship between the release profiles of devices that had been cold pressed at two different densities (1.53 +/- 0.15 (Low density, TCPL-LD) and 1.98 +/- 0.7 gm/cm(3) (High density, TCPL-HD)), and 2) to evaluate the role of the change in density that might have on the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds in an in vitro environment. A total of 16 serum bottles were used and later subdivided into four groups (n =4). Groups I and II contained TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD capsules each loaded with 20 mg of progesterone (P). Groups III & IV contained TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD capsules that were loaded with 20 mg of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Each serum bottle in groups III and IV was filled with 100ml, of phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) and 10 muL of sodium azide (antibacterial agent). Serum bottles in groups I and II were filled with 50% alcohol (wt/vol). Samples were withdrawn at various time intervals and the release profiles were analyzed by using standard spectrophotometer techniques. Data analysis was conducted by using Jandel Sigma Stat Statistical software. Results of this investigation suggest that: 1) TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD devices were capable of releasing P and BSA at sustained levels, 2) regardless of the loaded drugs, the release profiles from TCPL-LD devices was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the release profiles of P and BSA from TCPL-HD, and 3) physiochemical characteristics of the drug to be delivered are instrumental in regulating the rate of release and duration or availability of an effective and safe dose (BSA > P). C1 Jackson State Univ, USN, Res Program, Jackson, MS 39204 USA. RP Byrd, K (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, USN, Res Program, Jackson, MS 39204 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 0067-8856 BN 1-55617-722-4 J9 BIOMED SCI INSTRUM PY 2000 VL 395 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02E UT WOS:000180661400028 ER PT J AU Hirsh, AG Tsonev, LI AF Hirsh, AG Tsonev, LI TI Fribsta a novel approach to monitor and analyze protein unfolding by fluorescence SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 252Pos BP 44A EP 44A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779300254 ER PT J AU Vijayalakshmi, S Rao, RB Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Vijayalakshmi, S Rao, RB Karle, IL Balaram, P TI Comparison of helix-stabilizing effects of alpha,alpha-dialkyl glycines with linear and cycloalkyl side chains SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE heptapeptides; alpha-helix; 3(10)-helix; crystal structures; solution structures; helix transitions; solvent dependency ID ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; CONFORMATIONAL ENERGY COMPUTATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AMINO-ACIDS; EXTENDED STRUCTURES; MODEL PEPTIDES; OLIGOPEPTIDES; RESIDUES; STEREOCHEMISTRY AB The ability of tr,alpha,alpha-di-n-alkyl glycines with linear and cyclic alkyl side chains to stabilize helical conformations has been compared rasing a model heptapeptide sequence. The conformations of five synthetic heptapeptides (Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Xxx-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe, Xxx = Ac(8)c, Ac(7)c, Aib, Dpg, and Deg, where Ac(8)c = 1-aminocycloactane-1-carboxylic acid, Ac(7)c =1-aminocycloheptane-1-carboxylic acid; Aib = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, Dpg = alpha,alpha-di-n-propyl glycine, Deg = alpha,alpha-di-n-ethyl glycine) have been investigated. In crystals, helical conformations have been demonstrated by x-ray crystallography for the peptides, R-Val-Ala-Leu-Dpg-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe, (R = Boc and acetyl). Solution conformations of the five peptides have been studied by H-1-nmr. In the apolar solvent CDCl3, all five peptides favor helical conformations in which the NH groups of residues 3-7 are shielded from the solvent Successive NiH <----> Ni+1H nuclear Overhauser effects over the length of the sequence support a major population of continuous helical conformations. Solvent titration experiments in mixtures of CDCl3/DMSO provide evidence for solvent-dependent conformational transitions that are more pronounced for the Deg and Dpg peptides. Solvent-dependent chemical shift variations and temperature coefficients in DMSO suggest that the conformational distributions in title Deg/Dpg peptides are distinctly different from the Aib/Ac(n)c peptides in a strongly solvating medium. Nuclear Overhauser effects provide additional evidence for the population of extended backbone conformations in the Dpg peptide, while a significant residual population of helical conformations is still detectable in the isomeric Ac(7)c peptide in DMSO. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Chem, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Balaram, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 84 EP 98 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(200001)53:1<84::AID-BIP8>3.0.CO;2-W PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 267BR UT WOS:000084335200008 PM 10644953 ER PT J AU Emanuel, PA Dang, J Gebhardt, JS Aldrich, J Garber, EAE Kulaga, H Stopa, P Valdes, JJ Dion-Schultz, A AF Emanuel, PA Dang, J Gebhardt, JS Aldrich, J Garber, EAE Kulaga, H Stopa, P Valdes, JJ Dion-Schultz, A TI Recombinant antibodies: a new reagent for biological agent detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE recombinant antibodies; epitopes; antigen ID SCAN FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; PULSE-SHAPE; DISPLAY; CHROMOSOMES; PROTEINS; CLONING AB Antibodies are critical reagents used in several biodetection platforms for the identification of biological agents. Recent advances in phage display technology allow isolation of high affinity recombinant antibody fragments (Fabs) that may bind unique epitopes of biological threat agents. The versatility of the selection process lends itself to efficient screening methodologies and can increase the number of antigen binding clones that can be isolated. Pilot scale biomanufacturing can then be used for the economical production of these immunoglobulin reagents in bacterial fermentation systems, and expression vectors with hexahistidine tags can be used to simplify downstream purification. One such Fab reagent directed against botulinum neurotoxin A/B has been shown to be sensitive in a variety of assay formats including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hand-held immunochromatographic assay. Recombinant antibodies can provide another source of high quality detection reagents in our arsenal to identify or detect pathogens in environmental samples. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geoctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. RP Emanuel, PA (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,AMSSB-RRT-BM Proc Engn Bldg, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00058-5 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900002 PM 10945449 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP King, KD Gaffney, KL Johnson, LH AF Anderson, GP King, KD Gaffney, KL Johnson, LH TI Multi-analyte interrogation using the fiber optic biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE fiber optic biosensor; immunoassay AB The capabilities of the portable, automated fiber optic biosensor, RAPTOR, have recently been evaluated. Developed to perform rapid fluoroimmunoassays in the field, the RAPTOR was designed to test samples for up to four different target analytes simultaneously. Assay time could be varied from a 3-min rapid screen to a standard 10-min test. A trial of 203 blind samples tested for Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, Francisella tularensis, and Bacillus globigii has been conducted. Sensitivities obtained were 10, 50 ng/ml, 5 x 10(5), and 5 x 10(4) cfu/ml, respectively. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 8 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00053-6 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900004 PM 10945451 ER PT J AU Rowe-Taitt, CA Golden, JP Feldstein, MJ Cras, JJ Hoffman, KE Ligler, FS AF Rowe-Taitt, CA Golden, JP Feldstein, MJ Cras, JJ Hoffman, KE Ligler, FS TI Array biosensor for detection of biohazards SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE array biosensor; multianalyte detection; planar waveguides ID ENTEROTOXIN-B; MULTIANALYTE; IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODY; SYSTEM; RICIN; PHASE; FIBER AB A fluorescence-based biosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples for multiple biohazardous agents. A patterned array of antibodies immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide is used to capture antigen present in samples; bound analyte is then quantified by means of fluorescent tracer antibodies. Upon excitation of the fluorophore by a small diode laser, a CCD camera detects the pattern of fluorescent antibody:antigen complexes on the waveguide surface. Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the identity of the analyte. This array biosensor has been used to detect toxins, toxoids, and killed or non-pathogenic (vaccine) strains of pathogenic bacteria. Limits of detection in the mid-ng/ml range (toxins and toxoids) and in the 10(3)-10(6) cfu/ml range (bacterial analytes) were achieved with a facile 14-min off-line assay. In addition, a fluidics and imaging system has been developed which allows automated detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the low ng/ml range. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00052-4 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900006 PM 10945453 ER PT J AU Edelstein, RL Tamanaha, CR Sheehan, PE Miller, MM Baselt, DR Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ AF Edelstein, RL Tamanaha, CR Sheehan, PE Miller, MM Baselt, DR Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ TI The BARC biosensor applied to the detection of biological warfare agents SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; magnetoresistive technology; DNA patterning; DNA hybridization; magnetic beads; fluidics ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB The Bead ARray Counter (BARC) is a multi-analyte biosensor that uses DNA hybridization, magnetic microbeads, and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors to detect and identify biological warfare agents. The current prototype is a table-top instrument consisting of a microfabricated chip (solid substrate) with an array of GMR sensors, a chip carrier board with electronics for lock-in detection, a fluidics cell and cartridge, and an electromagnet. DNA probes are patterned onto the solid substrate chip directly above the GMR sensors, and sample analyte containing complementary DNA hybridizes with the probes on the surface. Labeled, micron-sized magnetic beads are then injected that specifically bind to the sample DNA. A magnetic field is applied, removing any beads that are not specifically bound to the surface. The beads remaining on the surface are detected by the GMR sensors, and the intensity and location of the signal indicate the concentration and identity of pathogens present in the sample. The current BARC chip contains a 64-element sensor array, however, with recent advances in magnetoresistive technology, chips with millions of these GMR sensors will soon be commercially available, allowing simultaneous detection of thousands of analytes. Because each GMR sensor is capable of detecting a single magnetic bead, in theory, the BARC biosensor should be able to detect the presence of a single analyte molecule. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Geoctr Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Edelstein, RL (reprint author), Geoctr Inc, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 15 TC 256 Z9 267 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 805 EP 813 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00054-8 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900008 PM 10945455 ER PT J AU O'Brien, T Johnson, LH Aldrich, JL Allen, SG Liang, LT Plummer, AL Krak, SJ Boiarski, AA AF O'Brien, T Johnson, LH Aldrich, JL Allen, SG Liang, LT Plummer, AL Krak, SJ Boiarski, AA TI The development of immunoassays to four biological threat agents in a bidiffractive grating biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE immunoassays; bidiffractive grating biosensor; biological warfare agents ID SURFACE AB A critical need exists for a field deployable biosensor to detect environmental infectious agents in collected air samples rapidly, with sensitivity and specificity approaching that of standard laboratory procedures. The ideal sensor would analyze unknown samples in minutes, have programmable operation for unattended sample analysis, and be capable of multiple agent analysis for a number of agents. The goal of this project was to further the development of the bidiffractive grating biosensor (BDG) created through collaboration between Battelle Memorial Institute (BMI), Hoffman LaRoche (HLR), and the Naval Medical Research Command (NMRC). This manuscript details the development, optimization, and evaluation of this device as a potential field deployable biosensor. Well-characterized immunochemical reagents developed by the Biological Defense Research Department (BDRD) at NMRI were employed to develop assays in the BDG. These results were compared to those obtained with antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Four separate antigens were evaluated: Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), ricin (RIC), Francisella tularensis (FT), and Clostridium botulinum toxin (BOT). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Tetracore LLC, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. BioSense Consulting, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. RP O'Brien, T (reprint author), Tetracore LLC, 9700 Great Seneca Highway, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 815 EP 828 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900009 PM 10945456 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SM Andreadis, JD Shaffer, KM Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA AF O'Connor, SM Andreadis, JD Shaffer, KM Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA TI Immobilization of neural cells in three-dimensional matrices for biosensor applications SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE cell immobilization; neurons; astrocytes; neural stem cells; collagen; hydrogels ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; STEM-CELLS; NEURONS; GROWTH; MICROPHYSIOMETRY; HYDROGELS; COLLAGEN; SYNAPSES; POLYMER; BRAIN AB To overcome logistical difficulties with current designs of cell- or tissue-based biosensors which have individual cells or tissue slices immobilized on membranes or microelectrode arrays, we have proposed a system that uses three-dimensional cultures of neural cells immobilized in hydrogel matrices. In this design, immobilized cells would be maintained in a reservoir and then transferred to a detector platform when needed for analysis. The development of such a system relies upon a renewable supply of cells and the ability to culture cells for long periods of time in three-dimensions while maintaining their physiological function. To investigate the ability to culture neural cells in 3D matrices, embryonic rat cortical neurons and astrocytes were immobilized by matrix entrapment in a novel sugar poly(acrylate) hydrogel and collagen gels. The sugar poly(acrylate) hydrogel does not appear to support neural cell growth as a result of a lack of cell adherence, small pore size and, possibly, harshness of synthesis conditions. In contrast, collagen gels support the growth of cortical neurons, astrocytes, as well as neural progenitor cells. Evidence is also presented from immunocytochemistry and patch-clamp measurements which shows that neural progenitor cells proliferate in culture and can be induced to differentiate into neural cell types. Thus, they potentially represent a renewable cell source. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Biosensors & Biomat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP O'Connor, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Biosensors & Biomat, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 40 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 871 EP 881 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900015 PM 10945462 ER PT S AU Tsai, TE Friebele, EJ AF Tsai, TE Friebele, EJ BE Erodogan, T Friebele, EJ Kashyap, R TI Index structure of fiber Bragg gratings and paramagnetic defects in Ge-SiO2 core fibers SO BRAGG GRATINGS, PHOTOSENSITIVITY AND POLING IN GLASS WAVEGUIDES SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides (BGPP 99) CY SEP 23-25, 1999 CL STUART, FL SP Opt Soc Amer ID SILICA WAVE-GUIDES; GE-DOPED SILICA; OPTICAL-FIBER; UV PHOTOSENSITIVITY; SIO2-GEO2 GLASSES; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; ABSORPTION-BANDS; CENTERS; MECHANISMS; PREFORMS AB The physical structures of UV-induced refractive index changes associated with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in Ge-SiO2 core fibers reported to date are reviewed and discussed. They are (1) induced mechanical property changes: volume changes (densification or dilation) and core-cladding interfacing tension changes, and (2) induced color centers: Ge E', Ge(l) and Ge(2) paramagnetic defects, and GeH non-paramagnetic defects. Conflicting structural models of the paramagnetic defects proposed in the literature can be resolved by taking into account their different contributions to the refractive index of FBGs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsai, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-593-5 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 33 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT55Q UT WOS:000173315800063 ER PT S AU Tsai, TE Taunay, T AF Tsai, TE Taunay, T BE Erodogan, T Friebele, EJ Kashyap, R TI Tension effects on the growth kinetics of fiber Bragg gratings in photosensitive Ge-SiO2 fibers SO BRAGG GRATINGS, PHOTOSENSITIVITY AND POLING IN GLASS WAVEGUIDES SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides (BGPP 99) CY SEP 23-25, 1999 CL STUART, FL SP Opt Soc Amer ID OPTICAL FIBERS; WRITTEN AB The effect of strain on the growth kinetics of the index modulation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and paramagnetic defect centers in Ge-SiO2 photosensitive fibers are reported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tsai, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-593-5 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 33 BP 309 EP 315 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT55Q UT WOS:000173315800066 ER PT B AU Ng, SJ Boswell, R Claus, SJ Arnold, F Vizzini, A AF Ng, SJ Boswell, R Claus, SJ Arnold, F Vizzini, A BE Loud, S Karbhari, V Adams, DO Strong, AB TI Degree of cure, heat of reaction and viscosity of 8552 and 977-3 HM epoxy resin SO BRIDGING THE CENTURIES WITH SAMPE'S MATERIALS AND PROCESSES TECHNOLOGY, VOL 45, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Bridging the Centuries with SAMPEs Materials and Processes Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Proc Engn DE degree of cure; viscosity; heat of reaction; epoxy resins AB The heat of reaction, degree of cure, and viscosity of Hexcel 8552, and Cytec Fiberite 977-3 HM neat resins were measured using a modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC) and a rheometric digital analyzer (RDA). Expressions were developed using isothermal tests for correlating the rate of degree of cure and the viscosity with the degree of cure using a Lee, Loos, and Springer approach [1]. The models were exercised to predict the kinetic behavior of the resins using respective manufacturer cure cycles. Data were collected and good correlation was found with the model. In addition, kinetic behaviors of these systems were compared to Hercules 3501-6 data. A second study was also performed to investigate cure models developed based on neat and prepreg forms of the resin. Vastly different viscosity behaviors were found indicating further physical insights are necessary to account for fiber/resin content and material properties difference. C1 USN, Polymers & Composite Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20619 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), USN, Polymers & Composite Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20619 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-86-7 PY 2000 BP 1019 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ88N UT WOS:000089937600092 ER PT B AU Sorathia, U Gracik, T Ness, J Blum, M Le, A Scholl, B Long, G AF Sorathia, U Gracik, T Ness, J Blum, M Le, A Scholl, B Long, G BE Loud, S Karbhari, V Adams, DO Strong, AB TI Fire safety of marine composites SO BRIDGING THE CENTURIES WITH SAMPE'S MATERIALS AND PROCESSES TECHNOLOGY, VOL 45, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Bridging the Centuries with SAMPEs Materials and Processes Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Proc Engn DE composites; fire safety; fire performance criteria AB Composite materials for marine applications offer the benefit of weight savings, corrosion resistance, reduced life cycle costs, and provide affordable alternatives to metallic components. The composite structures used in potential U.S. Navy applications tend to be large, complex, and thick. As such, the use of room or low temperature non-autoclave cure resins is desirable. The U.S. Navy is presently using fire retarded (brominated) vinyl ester resin for some topside composite structures. These composites are produced by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. An extensive effort is underway to fully characterize the fire performance of vinyl ester based solid and sandwich (balsa core) composites for many ongoing topside applications. Fire safety goals and material performance criteria for specific applications in both surface ships and submarines are described. The results from many fire related R & D programs are summarized in this paper including small scale tests such as cone calorimeter and LIFT apparatus, prediction of full scale fire performance from small scale test data, and fire tests conducted using UL 1709 fire curve for fire resistance and file endurance. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-86-7 PY 2000 BP 1191 EP 1203 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ88N UT WOS:000089937600108 ER PT S AU Kurfess, JD AF Kurfess, JD BE Makishima, K Piro, L Takahashi, T TI Galactic positron annihilation radiation SO BROAD BAND X-RAY SPECTRA OF COSMIC SOURCES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP European Space Agcy, Int Astronom Union, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Tata Inst Fdn Res, Comm Space Res ID 511 KEV LINE; CENTER REGION; CENTER DIRECTION; EMISSION; 1E1740.7-2942; SPECTRUM AB Positron annihilation radiation from the galactic center region was first detected nearly 30 years ago. Several potential sources may contribute to this emission, including: (1) beta(+)-decay of nuclei produced in explosive objects (supernovae and novae); (2) gamma-gamma pair production associated with the accretion of matter onto galactic black holes; (3) positrons produced in pair cascades in pulsar magnetospheres; (4) beta(+)-decay of radioactive nuclei synthesized in Wolf-Rayet and AGE stars and carried in their stellar winds; and (5) positrons produced by interactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium. Early evidence for variability of the galactic center emission suggested that one or more discrete sources dominated the emission. However, more recent SMM/GRS, COMPTON/OSSE and WIND/TGRS results indicate that the dominant emission is steady and of diffuse origin. Transient positron production associated with galactic black hole candidates has been reported; however, there are Limits for at least one of these events which are in disagreement with the reports. The OSSE instrument has provided the first maps of the emission, and the discovery of a surprising excess at positive galactic latitudes above the center of the Galaxy. The history of these observations is discussed, along with the latest data available from OSSE and TGRS. We also discuss the implications of the observations on our understanding of galactic nucleosynthesis, galactic distributions of supernovae, and the study of the interstellar medium. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00815-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP51E UT WOS:000085367000058 ER PT B AU Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ Coffin, RB Mueller, JG Steele, JK Pohlman, JW Demetriades-Shah, T Slenska, M AF Boyd, TJ Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ Coffin, RB Mueller, JG Steele, JK Pohlman, JW Demetriades-Shah, T Slenska, M BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Gibbs, JT Means, JL TI Source reduction effect on creosote PAH bioremediation in marsh sediments SO CASE STUDIES IN THE REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID LEUCINE INCORPORATION; BACTERIOPLANKTON AB We employed biogeochemical monitoring tools to study the fate and effect of PAHs in two wetlands at the Former Kopper's Site (wood treatment) in Charleston, SC. PAH mineralization assays and microbial productivity measurements (H-3-leucine incorporation) were combined with GC/MS analysis of sediment PAH and other contaminant concentrations. C-14-naphthalene, C-14-phenanthrene and C-14- fluoranthene were added at tracer concentrations to wetland sediments to determine the in situ PAH biodegradation rate. Bacterial productivity was measured to determine the overall carbon demand (natural plus PAH) for the microbial assemblage. These analyses were conducted before source reduction operations, which were performed in the Southwest tidal marsh area in the spring of 1999. The site was resampled in June 1999 and October 1999. Both the Northwest and South Tidal Marsh area showed elevated PAH concentrations and demonstrated significant PAH mineralization (as measured by NAP, PHE and FLA degradation) before and after source removal. The highest PAH mineralization rates were observed in October, well after the source removal event. Bacterial productivity increased in June 1999 (after source removal), but was at its pre-removal rate by October 1999, Bacterial productivity appeared most correlated with temperature, but showed inhibition at higher PAH concentrations. By relating PAH concentration and biodegradation to the amount of carbon metabolism (demand), the importance of PAH as a carbon source may be determined relative to other pools of carbon available to the microbial assemblage. These percentages were highest in October 1999. We conclude that source removal most likely disrupted the microbial assembleges intially, but population recovery has led to a more actively remediating consortium, which utilizes PAH as a carbon source. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-101-9 PY 2000 BP 189 EP 195 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65T UT WOS:000167102000025 ER PT J AU Kammeyer, P AF Kammeyer, P TI A UT1-like quantity from analysis of GPS orbit planes SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Global Positioning System; orbit analysis; radiation pressure; Earth orientation; UT1 ID GLOBAL-POSITIONING-SYSTEM; MODEL; SOLAR AB This paper discusses a UT1-like quantity, UTGPS, determined daily from Earth-referenced GPS satellite orbits from the International GPS Service (IGS). For each satellite considered, the observed relation between the satellite's IGS orbit and a model of its orbit plane in inertial space is used to estimate UT1. This modeled orbit plane is initialized using the satellite's IGS orbit and the actual UT1 at an initial time. It is then propagated using standard models of gravitational forces and an empirical model representing the orbit-normal radiation pressure observed during several years of in-flight experience with the satellite. To estimate UT1, an a-priori transformation from terrestrial to true-of-date celestial coordinates is applied to the satellite's IGS orbit. The geocentric angular deviations of points of the resulting transformed orbit from the modeled orbit plane are analyzed, giving the angle between the ascending nodes of the satellite's transformed and modeled orbit planes. To this observed angle between nodes, converted to a UT1 difference, is added the a-priori UT1 value used in the transformation. From the result is subtracted a model of the angle, again converted to a UT1 difference, between the ascending nodes of the actual and modeled orbit planes. The final result is the estimate of UT1 from this satellite, and the median of the UT1 estimates from all satellites considered is UTGPS. The root-mean-square difference between UTGPS-UT1 at the beginning and at the end of an interval of one to four weeks is approximately 30 mus times the square root of the interval's duration in weeks. C1 USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Kammeyer, P (reprint author), USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 2000 VL 77 IS 4 BP 241 EP 272 DI 10.1023/A:1011105908390 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 417WJ UT WOS:000167858200002 ER PT J AU Healy, LM AF Healy, LM TI The main problem in satellite theory revisited SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Lie transformation; normal form; closed form; computer algebra AB Using the elimination of the parallax followed by the Delaunay normalization, we present a procedure for calculating a normal form of the main problem (J(2) perturbation only) in satellite theory. This procedure is outlined in such a way that an object-oriented automatic symbolic manipulator based on a hierarchy of algebras can perform this computation. The Hamiltonian after the Delaunay normalization is presented to order six explicitly in closed form, that is, in which there is no expansion in the eccentricity. The corresponding generating function and transformation of coordinates, too lengthy to present here to the same order; the generator is given through order four. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PY 2000 VL 76 IS 2 BP 79 EP 120 DI 10.1023/A:1008305628985 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 335AT UT WOS:000088220400001 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, JP Kaul, BB Yee, GT AF Fitzgerald, JP Kaul, BB Yee, GT TI Vanadium [dicyanoperfluorostilbene](2)center dot yTHF: a molecule-based magnet with T-c approximate to 205 K SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A new radical anionic bridging ligand, derived from the in situ reduction of alpha,alpha'-dicyanoperfluorostilbene, is reported to support ferrimagnetic ordering below 205 K in a three-dimensional vanadium-based coordination polymer. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yee, GT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 1 BP 49 EP 50 DI 10.1039/a907535f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 277WG UT WOS:000084956100021 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Callahan, JH Collins, GE AF Lu, Q Callahan, JH Collins, GE TI The selective detection of uranium(VI) on a microchip using a derivatized 4-sulfonic calix[6]arene SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION; ACID AB 4-Sulfonic calix[6]arene is derivatized with lissamine rhodamine B to give a fluorescent ligand, L, which is applied to a capillary electrophoresis microchip for the selective detection of uranium(vi). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2000 IS 19 BP 1913 EP 1914 DI 10.1039/b003185m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 358AH UT WOS:000089534700044 ER PT J AU Swanson, DR Mintmire, JW Robertson, DH White, CT AF Swanson, DR Mintmire, JW Robertson, DH White, CT TI Detonation Hugoniots from molecular dynamics simulations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Media CY JUN 12-17, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Minist Atom Energy, Russian Minist Sci, Russian Minist Def, USA, Army Res Off AB We present a method to calculate a detonation Hugoniot directly from piston-driven molecular dynamics simulations without determination of the equation of state. A model system that exhibits a chemically sustained detonation is investigated. The front velocity derived from the detonation Hugoniot is in excellent agreement with that obtained directly from an unsupported molecular dynamics simulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IUPUI, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Swanson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6179, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1074-1550 J9 CHEM PHYS REP+ JI Chem. Phys. Rep. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 10-11 BP 1871 EP 1881 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 362XM UT WOS:000089803600012 ER PT J AU Barrett, JJC Robertson, DH White, CT AF Barrett, JJC Robertson, DH White, CT TI Simulations of shock-induced chemistry in solid ozone SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Media CY JUN 12-17, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Minist Atom Energy, Russian Minist Sci, Russian Minist Def, USA, Army Res Off ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DETONATION; POTENTIALS; MODEL AB We carry out molecular dynamics simulations of shock-induced chemistry in an ozone molecular crystal described by a reactive empirical bond order potential. We demonstrate an initiation to detonation threshold in an ideal two-dimensional ozone crystal. We also study the effects of void defects on the initiation process. We find that the introduction of void defects (10% by area) into the crystal lattice reduces the initiation threshold to detonation by approximately 7%. This reduction in initiation threshold is due, in part, to local heating and disruption of the crystal lattice during void collapse. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrett, JJC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1074-1550 J9 CHEM PHYS REP+ JI Chem. Phys. Rep. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 10-11 BP 1969 EP 1976 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 362XM UT WOS:000089803600019 ER PT J AU Braun, T Schubert, AP Kostoff, RN AF Braun, T Schubert, AP Kostoff, RN TI Growth and trends of fullerene research as reflected in its journal literature SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-1443 Budapest, Hungary. Lib Hungarian Acad Sci, ISSRU, Bibliometr Serv, H-1245 Budapest, Hungary. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Braun, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, POB 123, H-1443 Budapest, Hungary. RI Schubert, Andras/H-8045-2015 OI Schubert, Andras/0000-0001-8348-1775 NR 5 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 100 IS 1 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1021/cr990096j PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 282TR UT WOS:000085235400006 ER PT J AU Grunow, R Splettstoesser, W McDonald, S Otterbein, C O'Brien, T Morgan, C Aldrich, J Hofer, E Finke, EJ Meyer, H AF Grunow, R Splettstoesser, W McDonald, S Otterbein, C O'Brien, T Morgan, C Aldrich, J Hofer, E Finke, EJ Meyer, H TI Detection of Francisella tularensis in biological specimens using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunochromatographic handheld assay, and a PCR SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TULAREMIA; DIAGNOSIS AB The early detection of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is important for adequate treatment by antibiotics and the outcome of the disease, Here we describe a new capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Francisella tularensis subsp, holarctica and Francisella tularensis subsp, tularensis, No cross-reactivity with Francisella tularensis subsp, novicida, Francisella philomiragia, and a panel of other possibly related bacteria, including Brucella spp,, Yersinia spp,, Escherichia coli, and Burkholderia spp,. was observed. The detection limit of the assay was 10(3) to 10(4) bacteria/ml. This sensitivity was achieved by solubilization of the LPS prior to the cELISA, In addition, a novel immunochromatographic membrane-based handheld assay (HHA) and a PCR, targeting sequences of the 17-kDa protein (TUL4) gene of F. tularensis, were used in this study. Compared to the cELISA, the sensitivity of the HHA was about 100 times lower and that of the PCR was about 10 times higher. All three techniques were successfully applied to detect F. tularensis in tissue samples of European brown hares (Lepus europaeus), Whereas all infected samples were recognized by the cELISA, those with relatively low bacterial load were partially or not detected by PCR and HHA, probably due to inhibitors or lack of sensitivity. In conclusion, the HHA can be used as a very fast and simple approach to perform field diagnosis to obtain a first hint of an infection with F. tularensis, especially in emergent situations. In any suspect case, the diagnosis should be confirmed by more sensitive techniques, such as the cELISA and PCR. C1 Fed Armed Forces Med Acad, Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Fed Inst Control Infect Dis Anim, A-2340 Modling, Austria. RP Grunow, R (reprint author), Fed Armed Forces Med Acad, Inst Microbiol, Neuherbergstr 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany. NR 19 TC 103 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 273TF UT WOS:000084723000017 PM 10618283 ER PT J AU Wu, SJL Paxton, H Hanson, B Kung, CG Chen, TB Rossi, C Vaughn, DW Murphy, GS Hayes, CG AF Wu, SJL Paxton, H Hanson, B Kung, CG Chen, TB Rossi, C Vaughn, DW Murphy, GS Hayes, CG TI Comparison of two rapid diagnostic assays for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to dengue virus SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; CAPTURE ELISA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; FEVER; IGM; SERA AB Two easy-to-use commercial diagnostic assays, a dipstick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Integrated Diagnostics, Baltimore, Md,) and an immunochromatographic card assay (PanBio, Brisbane, Australia) were evaluated for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to dengue virus with an in-house IgM antibody capture microplate ELISA as a reference assay. The dipstick ELISA was based on the indirect-ELISA format using dengue 2 virus as the only antigen and enzyme-labeled goat anti-human IgM antibody as the detector. The total assay time was 75 min. The immunochromatographic card assay was based on the antibody capture format and separately measured both anti-dengue virus IgM and IgG in the same test. Colloidal-gold-labeled anti-dengue virus monoclonal antibody bound with dengue virus 1 to 4 antigen cocktail was the detector, and anti-human IgM and IgG were the capture antibodies. The total assay time,vas < 10 min. Sera from 164 individuals classified as either anti-dengue virus IgM positive (94) or anti-dengue virus IgM negative (70) in the reference microplate ELISA with a dengue virus 1 to 4 antigen cocktail were tested in the two commercial assays. The dipstick ELISA missed 7 of 94 positive samples, for a sensitivity of 92.6%, while the immunochromatographic card assay missed two positive samples, for a sensitivity of 97.9%. Of the 70 negative samples, four were false positive by the dipstick ELISA and two were false positive in the immunochromatographic card assay, resulting in specificities of 94.3 and 97.1%, respectively. Both commercial assays provide sensitive and specific detection of anti-dengue virus IgM antibody and could prove useful in settings where the microplate ELISA is impractical. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsiol Dis Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Integrated Diagnost Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wu, SJL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsiol Dis Dept, Code 41,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 273TF UT WOS:000084723000021 PM 10618287 ER PT J AU Winstead, JM McKinsey, DS Tasker, S De Groote, MA Baddour, LM AF Winstead, JM McKinsey, DS Tasker, S De Groote, MA Baddour, LM TI Meningococcal pneumonia: Characterization and review of cases seen over the past 25 years SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; ADULTS; SEPTICEMIA; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGEN AB Fifty-eight cases of meningococcal pneumonia were included in this review. Fifty cases previously described in the literature from 1974 through 1998 and 8 new cases were included in this series. The median age of patients was 57.5 years, and pleuritic chest pain was described in 21 (53.9%) of 39 cases. Blood cultures were positive in 42 (79.3%) of 53 cases for which results were mentioned. Despite the presence of bacteremia, patients did not develop the syndrome of meningococcemia with its associated complications. Serogroup Y meningococci were most commonly recovered and accounted for 44.2% of identified isolates. Therapy has dramatically changed over the past 25 years; prior to 1991, penicillin antibiotics were most often used. Since 1991, 12 (80%) of 15 patients received cephalosporin antibiotics. Only 5 (8.62%) of 58 patients died. Secondary cases of meningococcal infections following exposure to patients with meningococcal pneumonia were noted in 2 instances. C1 Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. ID Associates Kansas City, Kansas City, MO USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Baddour, LM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1924 Alcoa Highway U-114, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1086/313617 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 278TJ UT WOS:000085004800017 PM 10619738 ER PT J AU Pepper, PV Owens, DK AF Pepper, PV Owens, DK TI Cost-effectiveness of the pneumococcal vaccine in the United States Navy and Marine Corps SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION; ETIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; BACTEREMIA AB Vaccination for Streptococcus pneumoniae has been recommended for its efficacy and cost-effectiveness in elderly and immunocompromised populations. However, its use in active-duty military personnel has not been analyzed. We developed a Markov model to evaluate health and economic outcomes of vaccinating or not vaccinating all members of the active-duty cohort, measuring quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, costs, and marginal cost-effectiveness, Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccination increased each person's life expectancy by 0.03 days and decreased costs by $9.88 per person. The magnitude of the benefit of immunization is moderately sensitive to the rate of serious side effects caused by the vaccine, the incidence of pneumonia, the length of protection, and the efficacy of the vaccine. Vaccinating all 575,000 active-duty US Navy and Marine Corps members could save $5.7 million during the time the members are alive and on active duty and could provide a total gain of 54 QALYs, On the basis of these results, the military should consider expanding current guidelines to include pneumococcal vaccine immunization for all active-duty members of the military. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Dept Med, Stanford, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA USA. RP Owens, DK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Internal Med, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 278TJ UT WOS:000085004800024 ER PT J AU Putnam, SD Gray, GC Biedenbach, DJ Jones, RN AF Putnam, SD Gray, GC Biedenbach, DJ Jones, RN TI Pharyngeal colonization prevalence rates for Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a respiratory chemoprophylaxis intervention study using azithromycin SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE streptococcal colonization; azithromycin ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN-G; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; CLARITHROMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; BENZATHINE; INFECTION; AGENTS AB Objectives A prospective assessment of the pharyngeal colonization prevalence rate for Streptococcus pyrogenes and. Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after an azithromycin chemoprophylaxis intervention clinical trial in a cohort of US Marine Corps trainees, In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all streptococcal isolates, for azithromycin. penicillin, erythromycin and cefotaxime are reported. Methods Between November 1994 and March 1995, 1108 asymptomatic male US Marine Corps trainees, located in Southern California, were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) weekly oral azithromycin, 500 mg (n = 362); (2) 1.2 MU benzathine penicillin G, intramuscularly once (n = 374); or (3) no chemoprophylaxis (n = 372). Subjects provided both a pre- and post-training pharyngeal culture and microbial analysis was conducted to determine the colonization status of each study subject. Results The pretraining colonization prevalence was 1.2%:, for S, pneumoniae and 2.4% for S. pyogenes There was no statistical difference in pretraining prevalence between the three treatment groups for either organism. Post-training pharyngeal cultures revealed an overall prevalence of 1.1% with no difference between treatment arms. However, the overall post-training prevalence of S. pyogenes colonization increased to 4.8%, with the azithromycin group having significant evidence of protection (0.7%) in comparison with the no-treatment group (8.2%). The Etest method demonstrated no significant difference in the MIC50, MIC90, and MIC ranges between pre- and post-training isolates for any of the tested drugs. Conclusion The use of azithromycin as a chemoprophylactic agent to reduce the colonization and subsequent infection of streptococcal respiratory disease among healthy adult male military recruits may be beneficial. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Putnam, SD (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52241 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00001.x PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 311AB UT WOS:000086861000002 PM 11168029 ER PT J AU Hawkins, BJ Covey, DC Thiel, BG AF Hawkins, BJ Covey, DC Thiel, BG TI Distal clavicle osteolysis unrelated to trauma, overuse, or metabolic disease SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Osteolysis of the distal clavicle has been reported to occur from traumatic, atraumatic (overuse), or systemic causes, Three patients with bilateral osteolysis of the distal clavicles whose osteolysis did not fit these etiologic categories mere evaluated. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory evaluations were nonspecific, and histologic sections of the distal clavicle showed evidence of chronic inflammation with reactive change of the articular surface, Patients either had complete resolution or marked improvement of their symptoms after bilateral distal clavicle resection at mean followup of 5 years 3 months. These cases of osteolysis of the distal clavicle represent a category of this disorder not previously described. C1 USN Hosp, Med Corps, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Med Corps, Dept Orthopaed Surg, HP01 Boone Rd, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 IS 370 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 278TR UT WOS:000085005500020 PM 10660715 ER PT B AU Kriebel, DL AF Kriebel, DL BE Losada, IJ TI Performance of vertical wave barriers in random seas SO COASTAL STRUCTURES '99, VOLUMES 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference Coastal Structures 99 CY JUN 07-10, 1999 CL SANTANDER, SPAIN SP Puertos Estado, Univ Cantabria, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Gobierno Cantabria, Comis Interminist Ciencia & Tecnol, Puerto Bilbao, Fdn Marcelino Botin, Excmo Ayuntamiento Santander, Fomento Construcc & Contratas, Colegio Ingn Caminos, Canales & Puertos, Puerto Santander ID THIN BARRIERS AB This paper evaluates the performance of vertical wave barriers in random waves, based on a comparison of measured and predicted wave transmission, wave reflection, and wave forces. Measurements are obtained from a large-scale laboratory experiment conducted at the Oregon State University. Theoretical results are computed using the eigenfunction expansion theory, modified to account for frictional losses, and applied on a frequency-by-frequency basis to the incident wave spectrum. In general, the eigenfunction theory provides good predictions of transmitted, reflected, and wave force spectra; and, predicts zero-moment values of these variables to within about 10% to 20% accuracy, for a wide range of design conditions. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kriebel, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-092-2 PY 2000 BP 525 EP 532 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BQ23Z UT WOS:000087702100062 ER PT B AU Wardlaw, WP AF Wardlaw, WP BE Joyner, D TI The RSA public key cryptosystem SO CODING THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY: FROM ENIGMA AND GEHEIMSCHREIBER TO QUANTUM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coding Theory, Cryptography, and Number Theory CY OCT 25-27, 1998 CL USN ACAD, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Natl Secur Agcy HO USN ACAD C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21146 USA. RP Wardlaw, WP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21146 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-66336-3 PY 2000 BP 101 EP 123 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA BP49L UT WOS:000085321800006 ER PT B AU Michael, TS AF Michael, TS BE Joyner, D TI The rigidity theorems of Hamada and Ohmori, revisited SO CODING THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY: FROM ENIGMA AND GEHEIMSCHREIBER TO QUANTUM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coding Theory, Cryptography, and Number Theory CY OCT 25-27, 1998 CL USN ACAD, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Natl Secur Agcy HO USN ACAD AB Let A be a (0, 1)-matrix of size b by v with b greater than or equal to v. Suppose that all rows (columns) of A are nonzero and distinct. We show that the rank of A over a field of characteristic 2 satisfies rank(2)(A) greater than or equal to log(2) (v + 1) with equality if and only if A is the incidence matrix of a point-hyperplane Hadamard design. This generalizes a rigidity theorem of Hamada and Ohmori, who assumed that v + 1 is a power of 2 and that A is already known to be the incidence matrix of a Hadamard design. Our results follow from a generalization of a rank inequality of Wallis. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-66336-3 PY 2000 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA BP49L UT WOS:000085321800009 ER PT B AU Joyner, D Shokranian, S AF Joyner, D Shokranian, S BE Joyner, D TI Remarks on codes from modular curves: MAPLE applications SO CODING THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY: FROM ENIGMA AND GEHEIMSCHREIBER TO QUANTUM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coding Theory, Cryptography, and Number Theory CY OCT 25-27, 1998 CL USN ACAD, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Natl Secur Agcy HO USN ACAD AB This paper is an exposition of some aspects of geometric coding theory and Goppa codes on modular curves. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-66336-3 PY 2000 BP 229 EP 250 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA BP49L UT WOS:000085321800013 ER PT B AU Chipman, SF Schraagen, JM Shalin, VL AF Chipman, SF Schraagen, JM Shalin, VL BE Schraagen, JM Chipman, SF Shalin, VL TI Introduction to cognitive task analysis SO COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS SE EXPERTISE: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-ONR Workshop on Cognitive Task Analysis CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NATO, RTO ID ELICITING KNOWLEDGE; EXPERT C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Chipman, SF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 44 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3383-8 J9 EXP RES APPL PY 2000 BP 3 EP 23 PG 5 WC Psychology SC Psychology GA BQ36N UT WOS:000088142600002 ER PT B AU Blickensderfer, E Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E Baker, DP AF Blickensderfer, E Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E Baker, DP BE Schraagen, JM Chipman, SF Shalin, VL TI Analyzing knowledge requirements in team tasks SO COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS SE EXPERTISE: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-ONR Workshop on Cognitive Task Analysis CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NATO, RTO ID MENTAL MODELS; ELICITING KNOWLEDGE; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Blickensderfer, E (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3383-8 J9 EXP RES APPL PY 2000 BP 431 EP 447 PG 7 WC Psychology SC Psychology GA BQ36N UT WOS:000088142600027 ER PT B AU Cowan, AL Davila, CG Johnson, ER Starnes, JH AF Cowan, AL Davila, CG Johnson, ER Starnes, JH GP AIAA AIAA TI Crack path bifurcation at a tear strap in a pressurized shell SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Bifurcation of an initially longitudinal through-crack in an internally pressurized cylindrical shell at a circumferential stiffener is investigated using a finite element analysis. The finite element model is developed from a fracture test of an aluminum shell having a nine inch radius, a 0.010-inch wall thickness, and stiffened by two externally bonded circumferential straps spaced 16 inches apart. After initial stable crack growth in the longitudinal direction with increasing pressure, the crack propagated dynamically toward the strap, bifurcated near the strap into circumferential branches running parallel to the straps. Stable and unstable crack growth curves of pressure versus half-crack length are determined from the nonlinear analysis using a critical value of the crack tip opening angle as the criterion to predict crack advance. Although the crack growth curves are determined from a static analysis, they corroborate the test results for the location of crack path bifurcation. Also, the principal stress criterion for prediction of crack turing is consistent with the test. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Cowan, AL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 1090 EP 1101 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900112 ER PT J AU Williams, BA L'Esperance, DM Fleming, JW AF Williams, BA L'Esperance, DM Fleming, JW TI Intermediate species profiles in low-pressure methane/oxygen flames inhibited by 2-H heptafluoropropane: Comparison of experimental data with kinetic modeling SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID AIR FLAMES AB Experimental profiles of the intermediate species H, OH, CH, CF, CF2, and CHF are obtained in a 10 torr premixed hat flame of methane/oxygen in a 1:2 molar ratio, inhibited by a 4% mole fraction of 2-H heptafluoropropane (HFP, CF3CHFCF3). These data are compared to calculations using a recently published kinetic mechanism describing the consumption of this fire suppression agent. The profiles in the flame inhibited by HFP are compared to previously published data for flames containing CHF3 and CH2F2 under the same conditions of stoichiometry and Bur of fluorine atoms. The species profiles relative to the flames containing the fluoromethanes are accurately predicted and atmospheric pressure flame speeds are fairly well predicted by the kinetic mechanism. Under equal fluorine loadings, profiles of temperature and of H and OH mole fraction are virtually identical between the flames containing HFP and CHF3. The flame inhibited by HFP, however, has approximately twice as much CH* emission as the flame containing CHF3. The kinetic model predicts that thermal decomposition, rather than H atom abstraction, is the primary destruction mechanism for HFP under the conditions studied. (C) 1999 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2000 VL 120 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00081-4 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 261MQ UT WOS:000084013300011 ER PT J AU Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA AF Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA TI The effects of droplet size and injection orientation on water mist suppression of low and high boiling point liquid pool fires SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; water mist ID FIELD MODELING TECHNIQUE; SPRINKLER INTERACTION; DIFFUSION FLAME; EXTENSION; RADIATION AB This paper presents the results of an experimental parametric study of water mist suppression of large-scale liquid pool fires. The experiments were conducted with 50cm diameter pan heptane and JP8 pool fires. Mist was injected into the fire from the base at 90 degrees and 45 degrees and from the top at 90 degrees. The results show that base injection of droplets enhanced their suppression effectiveness by as much as two times. Secondly, optimum suppression effectiveness is obtained with small droplets injected at the base of the fire. This is because the droplets evaporated quickly within the lower region of the fire where a greater effect of oxygen dilution and water vapor higher heat capacity is fully realized. Finally, a comparison of the results with the two fuels show that water mist is more effective in suppressing the JP8 fires than the heptane fires. It is concluded that the additional effects of direct surface cooling contributed significantly to the observed difference. C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 157 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1080/00102200008947310 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 347BT UT WOS:000088907600003 ER PT S AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM BE Lakhtakia, A Weiglhofer, WS Messier, RF TI Theoretical considerations for full-wave electromagnetic-media interactions in layered structures with ferroelectric or ferromagnetic materials SO COMPLEX MEDIUMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Complex Mediums CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE full-wave; Green's function; spectral domain; anisotropic; bianisotropic; non-hermitian; extraction ID PROPAGATION AB A full-wave integral equation Green's function code in the spectral domain has been implemented using; the finite Fourier transform consistent with layered structures modelled in a cross-sectional region. The Green's function handles very complex materials, such as uniaxial. and biaxial electric or magnetic crystals, rotated crystals, asymmetric off-diagonal element tensor electric or magnetic materials, non-hermitian tensors, simultaneous electric or magnetic behavior, and optical activity. The basis function set describing the strip currents or slot fields at the interface is able to handle asymmetric field distribution due to intrinsic asymmetry caused by the material tensors. This asymmetric basis set may be reduced to a perfectly symmetric set in appropriate cases, if desired. Theoretical issues related to determining the permittivity or permeability tensors from the propagation constant, which may be obtained from a design specification or an experimental measurement, will be covered in mathematical generality for rotated systems or arbitrary bias field orientations. Specialization to principal axis crystallographic orientation or bias field direction with respect to the device coordinates will then be made, and subsequently examination of static electric field induced anisotropy in a ferroelectric loaded multi-layered microstrip structure will be treated in a multi-step computational process of de-embedding the permittivity tensor elements from the propagation constant values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3742-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4097 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.390602 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR46B UT WOS:000166473600007 ER PT J AU Jensen, AE Havsgard, GB Pran, K Wang, G Vohra, ST Davis, MA Dandridge, A AF Jensen, AE Havsgard, GB Pran, K Wang, G Vohra, ST Davis, MA Dandridge, A TI Wet deck slamming experiments with a FRP sandwich panel using a network of 16 fibre optic Bragg grating strain sensors SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wet deck slamming experiments ID PLATES AB Drop test experiments have been performed with a FRP sandwich panel instrumented with a network of 16 fibre optic (FO) Bragg strain sensors, together with conventional electrical strain gauges for control and verification. The drop tests simulate slamming loads on the wet deck of a surface effect ship (SES), The objectives were to show the possibility of using a network of FO sensors to monitor strain during a slamming; impact, and to test out a technique for signal processing. The strain measurements provided both peak strain data and served as a base For frequency analysis. The results showed that the FO strain sensors performed satisfactorily and were in general agreement with the conventional strain gauges used. The FO interrogation system was, however, not designed with sufficiently large dynamic range for the most extreme drop sequences. The peak strain in the panel was found to increase almost proportionally with the drop velocity, or drop height, and the wet fundamental frequency increased with increasing drop angle. Furthermore, the frequency decreased with increasing drop velocity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Div Appl Mech, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Def Res Estab, Div Elect, FFI, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, AE (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Div Appl Mech, K Hejes Vei 2, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00004-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 311AF UT WOS:000086861400003 ER PT B AU Zolper, JC AF Zolper, JC BE Kopf, RF Chu, SNG Baca, AG TI Wide bandgap bipolar microwave power transistors: Status and issues SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR POWER TRANSISTORS II AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXXII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Power Transistors/32nd International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc AB Bipolar transistors based on the wide bandgap semiconductors (WBS) SiC and AlGaInN offer the potential for high power density, excellent linearity, and low phase noise. These attributes make them attractive for future Department of Defense electromagnetic systems. Presently only modest DC results have been reported for these transistors, largely due to limitations on p-type doping. In this paper, the status of research in this areas will be reviewed. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Zolper, JC (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-266-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ46Z UT WOS:000088423100002 ER PT B AU Ge, J Berzins, V Shing, M AF Ge, J Berzins, V Shing, M BE Debnath, N TI An agent-based, distributed prototyping system for software interoperability study SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering CY NOV 01-03, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE agent-based system; distributed environment; fast prototyping; software interoperability AB Computer aided prototyping system (CAPS) is found useful for the development of large real-time software systems. Based upon previous research in CAPS, a distributed CAPS system is designed (DCAPS) to help fast prototyping the distributed systems in heterogeneous environment and to solve the interoperability issues. Wrapper/glue technique is used to address the problems for integrating legacy systems in different operating systems. DCAPS reuses legacy prototyping tools from CAPS project and evolutes some of them. Wrapper/glue technology is used in constructing the communication among legacy tools. A multi-agent architecture is designed for DCAPS. DCAPS itself is a demonstration of integration and interoperation among legacy software tools. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ge, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-35-8 PY 2000 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV53Q UT WOS:000179289300053 ER PT J AU Zeleznik, B Holden, L Capps, M Abrams, H Miller, T AF Zeleznik, B Holden, L Capps, M Abrams, H Miller, T TI Scene-Graph-As-Bus: Collaboration between heterogeneous stand-alone 3-D graphical applications SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Association-for-Computer-Graphics 21st Annual Symposium on EUROGRAPHICS 2000 CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP European Assoc Computer Graph AB We describe the Scent-Graph-As-Bus technique (SGAB), the first step in a staircase of solutions for sharing software components for virtual environments. The goals of SGAB are to allow, with minimal effort, independently-designed applications to share component functionality; and for multiple users to share applications designed for single users. This paper reports on the SGAB design for transparently conjoining different applications by unifying the state information contained in their scene graphs. SGAB monitors and maps changes in the local scene graph of one application to a neutral scene graph representation (NSG), distributes the NSG changes over the network to remote peer applications, and then maps the NSG changes to the local scene graph of the remote application. The fundamental contribution of SGAB is that both the local and remote applications can be completely unaware of each other; that is, both applications can interoperate without code or binary modification despite each having no knowledge of networking or interoperability. C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM bcz@cs.brown.edu; lsh@cs.brown.edu; capps@cs.nps.navy.mil; howard@cs.nps.navy.mil; tsm@cs.brown.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0167-7055 EI 1467-8659 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP C91 EP + PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 378WY UT WOS:000165609400011 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Suits, BH Garroway, AN Hepp, MA AF Miller, JB Suits, BH Garroway, AN Hepp, MA TI Interplay among recovery time, signal, and noise: Series- and parallel-tuned circuits are not always the same SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE signal; noise; recovery time; preamplifier; tuned circuit; overcoupling ID NMR PROBE; DESIGN; NQR AB The quality factor, Q, of the magnetic resonance probe and the manner in which the probe is coupled to the spectrometer play important roles in the quality of the obtained experimental data, affecting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the probe recovery time, radiation-damping, and the coupling between multiple coils. For example, high SNR often requires a high-Q probe, while a short recovery time to observe of broad signals generally requires low Q. Here, we discuss effecting a compromise between SNR and recovery time by adjusting the coupling of the probe and preamplifier by mismatching their impedances. Unlike the more common impedance-matched case, the conditions for optimum performance for parallel- and series-tuned probes are found to differ significantly. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 12: 125-136, 2000. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US FDA, Off Premarket Approval, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-7347 J9 CONCEPT MAGNETIC RES JI Concepts Magn. Resonance PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0534(2000)12:3<125::AID-CMR2>3.0.CO;2-P PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA 305XV UT WOS:000086567800002 ER PT B AU Bayne, SB Portnoy, WM Rohwein, GJ AF Bayne, SB Portnoy, WM Rohwein, GJ GP IEEE IEEE TI The use of thyristors for repetitive narrow pulse, high power switching SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB Although high peak currents and fast risetimes can be simultaneously obtained for relatively short pulses in semiconductor thyristors have been obtained, no extensive study of thyristor operation under pulse conditions has been reported. This work demonstrates that reliable repetitive operation over millions of pulses can be obtained for pulse widths of around 1 ms. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bayne, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896163 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800013 ER PT S AU Ives, RW AF Ives, RW BE Matthews, MB TI Lossless compression of SAR imagery using a multiple-pass gradient adaptive lattice filter SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is useful in many applications, including oil slick monitoring, terrain mapping and navigation, and automatic target recognition. Recent technological advances have resulted in data collections over larger areas at higher resolutions, generating massive amounts of data. Many effective compression techniques exist that can reduce the volume of data for storage and transmission with moderate loss of information. However, some SAR applications do nor or cannot tolerate any compression loss (interferometry for example). This paper addresses a lossless SAR compression scheme that uses multiple passes of an adaptive filter to decorrelate the data prior to entropy coding. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400043 ER PT S AU Barsanti, RJ Tummala, M AF Barsanti, RJ Tummala, M BE Matthews, MB TI Passive target tracking with uncertain sensor positions SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID BEARING ESTIMATION AB This study investigates the application of a batch oriented MAP estimation scheme to the problem of tracking a moving acoustic target from sensors of uncertain position. In this paper we propose a simple method for determining sensor movement from the data, and subsequently reducing tracking errors. Simulations are presented, and the results show that the enhancements to the proposed algorithm permit estimation of the sensor positions along with that of the target. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Barsanti, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400050 ER PT S AU Cristi, R Koupatsiaris, DA Therrien, CW AF Cristi, R Koupatsiaris, DA Therrien, CW BE Matthews, MB TI Multirate filtering and estimation: The multirate Wiener filter SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID MULTISCALE AB In this paper we address the problem of estimating a random process from two observed signals at different sampling rates. In particular, we consider the ease where one of the observed signals is sampled at half the Tate of the other. The optimal filter for this problem is derived as a linear filter with periodically varying coefficients. We provide quantitative expressions for the reduction in mean-square error due to added observations at the lower sampling rate. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cristi, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 450 EP 454 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400084 ER PT S AU Mantis, S Hippenstiel, R AF Mantis, S Hippenstiel, R BE Matthews, MB TI Time difference of arrival estimation of unequal SNR denoised communication signals SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB Improvements in denoising, in conjunction with wavelet processing, are proposed for estimating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of signals received at two spatially separated sensors. Wavelet denoising, based on a modified maximum likelihood method and higher order moments, are proposed to improve the performance. A numerical evaluation of the methods, when unequal SNR conditions prevail is presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mantis, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 629 EP 633 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400118 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW Kouteas, SD Smith, KB AF Therrien, CW Kouteas, SD Smith, KB BE Matthews, MB TI Time delay estimation using a signal subspace model SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATIONS; DETERMINISTIC TRANSIENTS; SPECTRA AB Classical methods for estimating time difference of arrival (TDOA) are based on generalized cross-correlation. Data from the two channels are transformed to the frequency domain to form the conjugate product XY*. After appropriate weighting, an inverse DFT is performed and the peak of the resulting generalized cross-correlation function is located in the time domain. In this paper we show that the data product XY* satisfies an appropriate signal subspace model and we replace the IDFT with a signal subspace technique such as MUSIC. The result is an enhanced ability to locate the peak. Further, application of methods such as root MUSIC or ESPRIT produce direct numerical estimates for the time delay without the need to search for a peak. Results on simulated data using a PE ocean acoustic propagation model are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 832 EP 836 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400155 ER PT S AU Shea, K Ives, RW Tummala, M AF Shea, K Ives, RW Tummala, M BE Matthews, MB TI Mobile ad hoc network routing protocol analysis and its application to a programmable modular communication system SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) is a wireless network of programmable modular radios. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET), it aims to enable communication between military users using a single software defined radio to emulate any of several current military radio systems. This paper investigates the strengths and weaknesses of the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), one of several routing protocols under consideration by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for a new mobile network standard, and its application to the JTRS ad hoc network Simulation results using OPNET 7.0 network simulation software are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shea, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 1260 EP 1264 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400237 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR AF Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR GP IEEE IEEE TI Analysis and modeling of the radiation response of multijunction space solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc ID INDUCED DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; PROTON; SILICON; IRRADIATION; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRON AB The displacement damage dose methodology for analyzing and modeling the performance of dual- (2J) and triple-junction (3J) InGaP2/GaAs/Ge solar cells in a space radiation environment is presented. The foundations of the D-d methodology are described through a discussion of the basic radiation-induced damage mechanisms. The nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) is introduced, and it is shown how the effect of different radiations can be correlated on the basis of NIEL. Displacement damage dose (D-d) is defined, and electron and proton irradiation data from multijunction (MJ) solar cells are shown to correlate directly in terms of D-d. The use of the D-d method for predicting on-orbit cell performance is described, and the role played by protons with energies down to zero is quantified. A validation of the model is provided through accurate prediction of data from space flight experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1092 EP 1097 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916077 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900265 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Romero, MJ Araujo, D Garcia, R Freundlich, A Newman, F Vilela, MF AF Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Romero, MJ Araujo, D Garcia, R Freundlich, A Newman, F Vilela, MF GP IEEE IEEE TI Electron beam induced current and cathodoluminescence study of proton irradiated quantum-well solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB The effects of proton irradiation on InP-based multi-quantum well solar cells (QWSCs) are investigated by the electron beam induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques. From analysis of the EBIC data, capture rates within the quantum wells are estimated from which the open circuit voltage is calculated and shown to agree well with the measured values. The diffusion length for radiative recombination within the quantum wells is also estimated. From Arrhenius plots of the luminescence excited in quantum wells, the proton irradiation-induced recombination centers are characterized. The results suggest that narrower wells make QWSCs more sensitive to radiation damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1312 EP 1315 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916132 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900320 ER PT S AU Dere, KP Howard, RA Brueckner, GE AF Dere, KP Howard, RA Brueckner, GE BE Watanabe, T Schwenn, R TI Coronal mass ejections and the solar wind: New results from LASCO SO CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS NEAR SOLAR ACTIVITY MINIMUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E Held during the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, European Space Agcy, NASA, Russian Space Agcy, Comm Space Res ID EIT AB The LASCO and EIT experiments on SOHO have provided a revolutionary picture of coronal dynamics. In the past, the corona has largely been thought to be a region where the evolution of the coronal structures occurred on relatively large time scales, aside from the intermittent coronal mass ejection. The outflows in the polar coronal holes were largely considered to be time-independent. The picture now presented by the LASCO and EIT observations are of a highly dynamic corona. Continual small scale sporadic outflows are observed in quiet streamers and in the polar coronal holes. The LASCO images of CMEs shows that many appear to have circular structures that indicate that they consist of helical magnetic flux ropes. In addition, a new class of CMEs has been observed and are called 'global' CMEs since they appear to involve regions of the corona separated by as much as 180 degrees. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7660, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1837 EP 1842 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00594-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP67C UT WOS:000085822100026 ER PT S AU Maia, D Vourlidas, A Pick, M Howard, R Schwenn, R Lamy, P AF Maia, D Vourlidas, A Pick, M Howard, R Schwenn, R Lamy, P BE Watanabe, T Schwenn, R TI Coronal mass ejections and large scale structure of the corona SO CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS NEAR SOLAR ACTIVITY MINIMUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E Held during the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, European Space Agcy, NASA, Russian Space Agcy, Comm Space Res ID JOINT NANCAY RADIOHELIOGRAPH; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; EVENT AB A comparative study of two events accompanied by both a flare and a CME has been performed. The data analysis has been made by comparing the observations of the LASCO/SOHO coronagraphs with those of the Nancay radioheliograph. The observations show a clear connection between coronal green and red line transient activity, burst radio emission and the CME development which is due to successive loop interactions. Signatures of these interactions are given by the radio emission. One can identify successive sequences in the evolution of the coronal restructuring leading to the full development of the CME. Identification and timing of these sequences result from the radio emission analysis. For flare-CME events, the evolution takes place in the low corona and is extremely fast of the order, on a few minutes. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, DASOP, URA 2080, Meudon, France. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Lindau, Germany. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13012 Marseille, France. RP Maia, D (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, DASOP, URA 2080, Meudon, France. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Maia, Dalmiro/0000-0001-7855-1919 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1843 EP 1846 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00595-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP67C UT WOS:000085822100027 ER PT S AU Cook, JW Socker, DG Korendyke, CM Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Karovska, M Wood, BE AF Cook, JW Socker, DG Korendyke, CM Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Karovska, M Wood, BE BE Watanabe, T Schwenn, R TI Search for velocity variations in Fe XIV 5304 angstrom coronagraph observations near activity minimum SO CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS NEAR SOLAR ACTIVITY MINIMUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E Held during the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, European Space Agcy, NASA, Russian Space Agcy, Comm Space Res AB The LASCO C1 coronagraph on the SOHO satellite observes the solar corona from 1.1 to 3.0 R-., and contains a Fabry-Perot interferometer which can image the corona in the 1.8 million K Fe XIV green line. We designed an observing program with reduced spatial coverage and reduced profile coverage at only three wavelengths to study coronal heating in off-limb structures at high temporal resolution. We illustrate the observations from 31 March 1997 of a bright loop system above an active region off the northeast limb. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cook, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1883 EP 1886 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00601-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP67C UT WOS:000085822100036 ER PT S AU Einaudi, G Boncinelli, P Dahlburg, RB Karpen, JT AF Einaudi, G Boncinelli, P Dahlburg, RB Karpen, JT BE Watanabe, T Schwenn, R TI Slow solar wind formation SO CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS NEAR SOLAR ACTIVITY MINIMUM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E Held during the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, European Space Agcy, NASA, Russian Space Agcy, Comm Space Res ID RESISTIVE INSTABILITIES; FLOWING PLASMA AB We review our recent research on the formation of the slow solar wind (Einaudi et al. 1998), which we model as a magnetized wake. During its evolution we find the formation of traveling plasmoids, turbulence production, and streamwise filamentation. Turbulence reduces the acceleration and destroys the plasmoids. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50100 Florence, Italy. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Einaudi, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Torricelli 2, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Boncinelli, Paolo/C-2192-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1931 EP 1934 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00606-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP67C UT WOS:000085822100047 ER PT B AU Little, BJ Ray, RI Jones-Meehan, J Lee, CC Mansfeld, F AF Little, BJ Ray, RI Jones-Meehan, J Lee, CC Mansfeld, F BE Shifler, DA Natishan, PM Tsuru, T Ito, S TI Marine bacteria and localized corrosion on polymer coated steel SO CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL IN SALTWATER ENVIRONMENTS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Control in Saltwater Environments CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Corros, Electrochem Soc Japan ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; NOISE DATA; METALS AB Diagnosis of microbiologically influenced corrosion on iron-containing substrata exposed in marine environments cannot be based solely on spatial relationships between large accumulations of bacterial cells and iron corrosion products. Experiments were designed to evaluate the relationship between marine bacteria and localized corrosion on coated mild steel. The distribution of bacteria was strongly influenced by the presence of iron corrosion products independent of coating combinations. In the presence of cathodic protection, coating defects were filled with calcareous deposits and few bacterial cells. Results demonstrate that bacteria are preferentially attracted to iron corrosion products in coating defects and that attraction is more influential than topography in determining the spatial distribution of bacterial cells. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Little, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-249-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 26 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography GA BP94D UT WOS:000086691900001 ER PT B AU Natishan, PM Jones-Meehan, J Loeb, GI Gray, N Little, BJ Ray, R Beard, M AF Natishan, PM Jones-Meehan, J Loeb, GI Gray, N Little, BJ Ray, R Beard, M BE Shifler, DA Natishan, PM Tsuru, T Ito, S TI Insights into biofouling and microbiologically influenced corrosion SO CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL IN SALTWATER ENVIRONMENTS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Control in Saltwater Environments CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Corros, Electrochem Soc Japan ID METALS AB Two areas of work designed to provide a better understanding of the nature of microbial colonization of surfaces and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) are discussed. The first examined a mechanical sensing model to describe microbial colonization. Results obtained after the exposure of a group of polydimethylsiloxane polymers to an estuarine environment provide support for this model. The second approach examined the microbial colonization of metals (zirconium, chromium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and 4340 steel) and susceptibility of these metals to MIC by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Environmental scanning electron microscopy characterization after 12 and 21 months showed patchy biofilms on all metals except tungsten. Weight loss after 24 months for zirconium and niobium were either nil or negligible indicating that these metals did not experience MIC under the test conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-249-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 26 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography GA BP94D UT WOS:000086691900002 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA AF Shifler, DA BE Shifler, DA Natishan, PM Tsuru, T Ito, S TI Investigation of control measures for galvanic corrosion SO CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL IN SALTWATER ENVIRONMENTS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Control in Saltwater Environments CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Corros, Electrochem Soc Japan ID CALCAREOUS DEPOSITS; STAINLESS-STEEL; SEA-WATER; SEAWATER; SURFACES AB The coupling of dissimilar alloys in conducting, corrosive solutions such as seawater can lead to accelerated, galvanic corrosion of the more anodic, electronegative alloy. The driving force for galvanic corrosion is the potential difference between two or more metals or alloys in a conductive medium that allows current flow between the anodic and cathodic members. The extent of galvanic corrosion between two or more coupled dissimilar alloys depends on many, often dynamic, factors. Alternative galvanic control methods were investigated to eliminate the need for inspection, improve safety, and control corrosion in piping systems, Mitigation of galvanic corrosion can offer designers more possible material options within piping systems. Several possible candidate methods for controlling galvanic corrosion were considered: (1) coating the cathodic member of the couple (alloy 625 or titanium) to reduce the overall cathodic reaction; (2) cathodic protection applied to the more anodic member of the galvanic couple; and (3) use of a bi-electrode device between the anodic and cathodic piping members of the dissimilar alloy interface. Use of cathodic protection, the bi-electrode, and a coating on the cathodic member of the couple were effective to varying degrees (30 to 99%) in controlling galvanic corrosion. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 613,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-249-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 26 BP 227 EP 238 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography GA BP94D UT WOS:000086691900023 ER PT B AU Murray, JN Brizzolara, RA Hansen, DC AF Murray, JN Brizzolara, RA Hansen, DC BE Shifler, DA Natishan, PM Tsuru, T Ito, S TI In search of the cause of "activation" of aluminum/zinc sacrificial anodes SO CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL IN SALTWATER ENVIRONMENTS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Control in Saltwater Environments CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Corros, Electrochem Soc Japan ID MELTING POINT ELEMENTS; MECHANISM; CORROSION; ZINC AB During the last 20 years, several arguments have been presented for the role of the "activating element(s)" in the anodic electrochemical processes associated with the use of aluminum based alloys as sacrificial anodes in seawater applications. This paper presents results from recent studies of calibration samples of binary aluminum/zinc alloys and an indium-activated, aluminum alloy anode using scanning Auger analysis for surface chemistry differences, scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning vibrating reference electrode (SVP) analysis for surface electrochemical differences, as well as data From the same samples using conventional electrochemical techniques. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Murray, JN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-249-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 26 BP 239 EP 254 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Oceanography GA BP94D UT WOS:000086691900024 ER PT S AU Milne, PA The, LS Leising, MD AF Milne, PA The, LS Leising, MD BE Holt, SS Zhang, WW TI Late light curves of SN Ia SO COSMIC EXPLOSIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Astrophysics Conference on Cosmic Explosions CY OCT 11-13, 1999 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP Univ Maryland ID SUPERNOVA 1991BG; BRIGHTNESS; MODELS AB A "positron phase" exists in type Ia supernovae, during which the energy deposition into the SN ejecta is dominated by the slowing of Co-56 --> Fe-56 beta(+) decay positrons. Comparisons of model-generated bolometric light curves with V and B band photometry during this phase suggests that the magnetic field is either too weak to confine positrons, or is radially combed. In each case, positrons escape the ejecta leading to a deficit of energy deposition. Ramifications of this escape upon other studies of SN Ia emission is discussed. C1 NRC, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), NRC, NRL, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-943-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 522 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ55Z UT WOS:000088762100007 ER PT S AU Saito, T Shibata, K Dere, KP Numazawa, S AF Saito, T Shibata, K Dere, KP Numazawa, S BE Kunow, H Smith, EJ Marsden, RG TI Non-radial unipolar coronal streamers in magnetically high latitudes and radial bipolar streamers at the magnetic equator of the sun SO COUPLING OF THE HIGH AND LOW LATITUDE HELIOSPHERE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CORONA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 7 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res AB The complex structure of coronal streamers can be better understood by their classification into two classes: non-radial unipolar streamers emanating from magnetically high latitudes, and radial bipolar streamers emanating from the magnetic equator. The coronal streamers observed during the total solar eclipses of July 11,1991 and February 26, 1998 are classified into the two types. Various characteristics of the two types are discussed and summarized. Important relations of the two to solar, interplanetary, and terrestrial phenomena are discussed. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Japan Planetarium Lab, Niigata 9500516, Japan. RP Saito, T (reprint author), Taihaku Ku 3-6-29, Sendai, Miyagi 9820212, Japan. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 26 IS 5 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(00)00010-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ23G UT WOS:000087680000008 ER PT J AU Boland, T Dufrene, Y Barger, B Lee, G AF Boland, T Dufrene, Y Barger, B Lee, G TI Molecular basis of cell adhesion to polymers characterized AFM SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference/2nd International Conference on Ethical Issues in Biomedical Engineering CY MAY 21-23, 1999 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO CLEMSON UNIV C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Chim Interfaces, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boland, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 0278-940X J9 CRIT REV BIOMED ENG JI Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 352ZA UT WOS:000089248200034 PM 10999386 ER PT S AU Barrows, GL Neely, C AF Barrows, GL Neely, C BE Bains, S Irakliotis, LJ TI Mixed-mode VLSI optic flow sensors for in-flight control of a micro air vehicle SO CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FUTURE OF COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Critical Technologies for the Future of Computing CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE optic flow; micro air vehicles; neuromorphic engineering; sensors; visual motion; navigation; collision avoidance; avionics; VLSI AB NRL is developing compact optic flow sensors for use in a variety of small-scale navigation and collision avoidance tasks. The-se sensors are being developed for use in micro air vehicles (MAVs), which are autonomous aircraft whose maximum dimension is on the order of 15 cm To achieve desired weight specifications of 1-2 grams, mixed-signal VLSI circuitry is being used to develop compact focal plane sensors that directly compute optic flow. As an interim proof of principle, we have constructed a sensor comprising a focal plane sensor head with on-chip processing and a back-end PIC microcontroller. This interim sensors weighs approximately 25 grams and is able to measure optic flow with real-world and low-contrast textures. Variations of this sensor have been used to control the flight of a glider in real-time to avoid collisions with walls. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrows, GL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5722, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3754-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4109 BP 52 EP 63 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR57E UT WOS:000166835100007 ER PT J AU Ozerdem, U Mach-Hofacre, B Cheng, LY Chaidhawangul, S Keefe, K McDermott, CD Bergeron-Lynn, G Appelt, K Freeman, WR AF Ozerdem, U Mach-Hofacre, B Cheng, LY Chaidhawangul, S Keefe, K McDermott, CD Bergeron-Lynn, G Appelt, K Freeman, WR TI The effect of prinomastat (AG3340), a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, on a subacute model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of ARVO CY MAY, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP ARVO DE matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; proliferative vitreoretinopathy; treatment ID REFINED EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL; SILICONE OIL; TRIAMCINOLONE; MEMBRANES; TRACTION; LECTURE AB Purpose. To determine the efficacy of prinomastat (AG3340), a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase, in the treatment of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) induced by intravitreal dispase injection. Methods. One eye each of 53 New Zealand white rabbits was injected in the vitreous cavity with 0.07 unit of dispase to induce PVR. One week after PVR induction, 53 rabbits were randomized (27:26) to receive 0.5 mg prinomastat or the vehicle of the drug (acidified water) intravitreally every two weeks. The scores of PVR severity (scale of 1-5) were graded to compare the prinomastat-treated animals with the control group. Results. The average PVR scores in the treatment and control groups were 2.62 and 3.57 respectively (p = 0.038; Wilcoxon rank sum). Clinically significant PVR with retinal detachment (PVR greater than or equal to grade 3) developed in 76% of rabbits in the control group versus 51% of rabbits treated with prinomastat. Conclusions. Intravitreally administered prinomastat decreased development of PVR in an experimental model which made use of dispase to induce PVR. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Shiley Eye Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol Ophthalm Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Agouron Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freeman, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Shiley Eye Ctr, 9415 Campus Point Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07366] NR 35 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0271-3683 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 6 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1076/0271-3683(200006)20:6;1-Y;FT447 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 347UW UT WOS:000088948400002 PM 10980656 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Dasarathy, BV TI Genetic algorithm based optimization of a fuzzy logic resource manager for electronic attack SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Theory, Tools, and Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems AB A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in realtime over many dissimilar platforms. The platforms can be very general, e.g., ships, planes, robots, land based facilities, etc. Potential foes the platforms deal with can also be general. This paper describes data mining activities related to development of the resource manager with a focus on genetic algorithm based optimization. A genetic algorithm requires the construction of a fitness function, a function that must be maximized to give optimal or near optimal results. The fitness functions are in general non-differentiable at many points and highly non-linear, neither property providing difficulty for a genetic algorithm. The fitness functions are constructed using insights from geometry, physics, engineering, and military doctrine. Examples are given as to how fitness functions are constructed including how the fitness function is averaged over a database of military scenarios. The use of a database of scenarios prevents the algorithm from having too narrow a range of behaviors, i.e., it creates a more robust solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3683-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4057 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.381764 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ36J UT WOS:000088122800007 ER PT J AU Chavez, FP Collins, CA AF Chavez, FP Collins, CA TI Studies of the California Current System: present, past and future SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chavez, FP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, POB 628,7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 761 EP 763 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290ED UT WOS:000085662500001 ER PT J AU Collins, CA Garfield, N Rago, TA Rischmiller, FW Carter, E AF Collins, CA Garfield, N Rago, TA Rischmiller, FW Carter, E TI Mean structure of the inshore countercurrent and California undercurrent off Point Sur, California SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Velocity and hydrographic data collected in the upper kilometer of the water column on 19 bi-monthly cruises along a 225 km section off Point Sur, California, from April 1988 to April 1991 are used to describe the mean conditions. The transition between the poleward flowing inshore countercurrents and the equatorward flowing California Current occurred about 100 km from the coast. The magnitude of the vertically averaged flow associated with the core of the inshore flow was 4.2 cm s(-1), and its direction, 310 degrees T, was parallel to the topography south of Pt Sur, Maximum flow, 10 cm s(-1), was observed at 100 m next to the coast. The associated volume and heat fluxes were 2.9 Sv and 0.6 x 10(14) W. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Collins, CA (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 765 EP 782 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00126-5 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290ED UT WOS:000085662500002 ER PT J AU Noble, MA Ramp, SR AF Noble, MA Ramp, SR TI Subtidal currents over the central California slope: evidence for offshore veering of the undercurrent and for direct, wind-driven slope currents SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; POINT-SUR; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; MOORED OBSERVATIONS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; FLOW; VARIABILITY; COAST AB In February 1991, an array of six current meter moorings was deployed for one year across the central California outer shelf and slope. The main line of the array extended 30 km offshore of the shelf break, out to water depths of 1400 m. A more sparsely-instrumented line, displaced 30 km to the northwest, extended 14 km offshore. Though shorter, the northern line spanned similar water depths because the gradient of the topography steepened in the northern region. A poleward flow pattern, typical of the California undercurrent, was seen across both lines in the array over most of the year. The poleward flow was surface intensified. In general, the portion of the undercurrent that crossed the southern line had larger amplitudes and penetrated more deeply into the water column than the portion that crossed the northern line. Transport over the year ranged from 0 to 2.5 Sverdrups (Sv) poleward across the southern line; 0 to 1 Sv poleward across the northern line. We suggest the difference in transport was caused by topographic constraints, which tended to force the poleward flow offshore of the northern measurement sites. The slope of the topography steepened too abruptly to allow the poleward flow to follow isobaths when currents were strong. When current velocities lessened, a more coherent flow pattern was seen across both lines in the array. In general, the poleward flow patterns in the undercurrent were not affected by local winds or by the local alongshore pressure gradient. Nor was a strong seasonal pattern evident. Rather unexpectedly, a small but statistically significant fraction of the current variance over the mid- and outer slope was driven by the surface wind stress. An alongshelf wind stress caused cut-rents to flow along the slope, parallel to the wind field, down to depths of 400 m below the surface and out to distances of 2 Rossby radii past the shelf break. The transfer functions were weak, 3-4 cm/s per dyn cm(-2) but comparable to wind-driven current amplitudes of 4-6 cm/s per unit wind stress over the middle shelf. Equatorward, alongshelf winds also caused water from 200-300 m over the slope to upwell onto the shelf as the surface water moved offshore. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 871 EP 906 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00130-7 PG 36 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290ED UT WOS:000085662500006 ER PT J AU Steger, JM Schwing, FB Collins, CA Rosenfeld, LK Garfield, N Gezgin, E AF Steger, JM Schwing, FB Collins, CA Rosenfeld, LK Garfield, N Gezgin, E TI The circulation and water masses in the Gulf of the Farallones SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; WEST-COAST; POINT-SUR; FLOW; SLOPE; OCEAN AB Six ADCP and CTD ship surveys of the continental shelf and slope in the vicinity of the Gulf of the Farallones, CA, were conducted in 1990-1992. ADCP data provide much more detail on the structure of the currents over the slope and shelf in the Gulf and reveal a persistent, largely barotropic poleward flow with a complex mesoscale flow field superimposed. The directly measured currents are not well represented by the geostrophic velocity fields derived from hydrographic casts, Important upper-ocean circulation features include: a Slope Countercurrent (SCC)I variable shelf circulation, and submesoscale eddy-like features. The SCC was present in all seasons and is believed due to a strong year-round positive wind-stress curl enhanced by Point Reyes. Its flow was poleward throughout the upper 300 m, and often surface intensified. Poleward transport in the upper 400 m was 1-3 Sv, much greater than previous geostrophic estimates for the California Current System constrained to a 500 dbar reference level. The shelf circulation was much more variable than the SCC and generally exhibited a pattern consistent with classic Ekman dynamics, responding to synoptic wind forcing. Submesoscale vortices, or eddies, often dominated the general flow field. These eddies are thought to be generated by the frictional torque associated with current-topography interactions. Their centers typically have a distinct water type associated with either the SCC or the southward-flowing California Current. Higher spiciness anomalies, representing a higher percentage of Pacific Equatorial Water (PEW), were typically found in the core of the SCC or within anticyclonic eddies. Lower (bland) spiciness anomalies, characteristic of a higher percentage of Pacific Subarctic Water (PSAW). were associated with cyclonic eddies. While these circulation features were largely barotropic. the flow also adjusted baroclinically to changes in the density field, as different water types were advected by the general now field or by mesoscale instabilities in the large-scale boundary currents as they interacted with topography. Despite a seasonal cycle in regional wind and ocean temperature time series, there is no obvious seasonal pattern in the circulation. Most of the temporal variability in the current appears to be due to synoptic and interannual variations in atmospheric forcing. Because of the very dynamic three-dimensional nature of the regional circulation, the Gulf of the Farallones is likely to be a center for active mixing and exchange between the coastal and California Current waters, relative to most US west coast locales. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 907 EP 946 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00131-9 PG 40 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290ED UT WOS:000085662500007 ER PT J AU Toon, RK Lohrenz, SE Rathbun, CE Wood, AM Arnone, RA Jones, BH Kindle, JC Weidemann, AD AF Toon, RK Lohrenz, SE Rathbun, CE Wood, AM Arnone, RA Jones, BH Kindle, JC Weidemann, AD TI Photosynthesis-irradiance parameters and community structure associated with coastal filaments and adjacent waters in the northern Arabian Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SIZE-FRACTIONATED PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTHWESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL-A; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; UPWELLING SYSTEM; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; NITROGEN UPTAKE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Comparisons were made among size-fractionated photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) parameters, chlorophyll a size distributions, and accessory pigment composition of natural phytoplankton assemblages in filaments, coastal upwelling waters, and an oligotrophic region of the northern Arabian Sea during the Fall Intermonsoon in 1995. Differences between P-E parameters, P-max(B) and alpha(B), were observed between filaments and adjacent waters and were associated with differences in phytoplankton community structure. In a southern filament and coastal upwelled waters, the majority of the estimated biomass (chlorophyll a) was present in the larger (2-20 and 20-200 mu m) size fractions; dominant accessory pigments were 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin and peridinin, In higher salinity waters, high percentages of chlorophyll a and lutein/zeaxanthin were observed in the smallest size-fraction( < 2 mu m). Whole water values of P-max(B) ranged from 1.77 to 2.31 (g C g chl a(-1) h(-1)) when the majority of the biomass was in the largest fractions. Higher values (more than 4.48 g C g chl a(-1) h(-1)) were determined in whole water samples for communities comprised primarily of small cells. A size dependence was also observed in the value of alpha(B), 0.017 or greater (g C g chl a(-1) h(-1))/(mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) for whole water samples at stations dominated by small cells and 0.013 when derived from stations dominated by large cells. The observed pattern of larger phytoplankton associated with upwelling and filament waters was consistent with previous investigations and was, for the most part, comparable to findings in the California Current system. Our results show that differences in taxonomic composition and photosynthetic characteristics were indeed present between filament waters and other distinct regions; these results suggest that taxonomic variations may he associated with size-related variations in P-E parameters. Our findings provide a unique data set describing filament biology in the northern Arabian Sea during the Fall Intermonsoon thus adding important details in efforts to model biogeochemical processes in this region. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Bermuda Biol Stn Res Inc, St Georges GEO1, Bermuda. Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Lohrenz, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 106 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 1249 EP 1277 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00143-5 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 297LU UT WOS:000086085000003 ER PT B AU Griscom, DL AF Griscom, DL BE Pacchioni, G Skuja, L Griscom, DL TI The natures of point defects in amorphous silicon dioxide SO DEFECTS IN SIO2 AND RELATED DIELECTRICS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics - Science and Technology CY APR 08-20, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SI-29 HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; SELF-TRAPPED HOLES; HIGH-PURITY A-SIO2-OH; OPTICAL FIBERS; FUSED-SILICA; E' CENTER; CRYSTALLINE SIO2; OXYGEN VACANCY; GAMMA-IRRADIATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Griscom, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 93 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6685-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2000 VL 2 BP 117 EP 159 PG 43 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR74M UT WOS:000167395800004 ER PT S AU Askins, CG AF Askins, CG BE Pacchioni, G Skuja, L Griscom, DL TI Periodic uv-induced index modulations in doped-silica optical fibers: Formation and properties of the fiber Bragg grating SO DEFECTS IN SIO2 AND RELATED DIELECTRICS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics - Science and Technology CY APR 08-20, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO ID WAVE ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; SINGLE EXCIMER PULSE; COLOR-CENTER MODEL; GLASS-FIBERS; GERMANOSILICATE FIBERS; DEFECT CENTERS; LASER-PULSES; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; PREFORMS; WRITTEN C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Askins, CG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 129 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 0-7923-6685-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2000 VL 2 BP 391 EP 426 PG 36 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR74M UT WOS:000167395800014 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR AF McNelley, TR BE Taleff, EM Syn, CK Lesuer, DR TI Processing, recrystallization and superplasticity in aluminum alloys SO DEFORMATION, PROCESSING, AND PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS: SYMPOSIUM HONORING PROFESSOR OLEG D SHERBY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Honorary Symposium for Professor Oleg D Sherby held at the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY EVOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURES; MICROTEXTURE; DEFORMATION; REFINEMENT; TEXTURES AB Superplasticity is exceptional tensile ductility for certain materials when they are deformed under specific temperature and strain rate conditions. Utilization of superplastic forming has experienced steady growth in recent years. This is a reflection of the many benefits of this technology, which include reduced weight and cost along with improved reliability of superplastically formed components. Professor Oleg Sherby's preeminent research in elevated temperature deformation of metallic materials has been instrumental in establishing the microstructure-property relationships that apply to the phenomenon of fine-grain superplasticity. Wrought aluminum alloys require derformation and recrystallization to achieve grain refinement and enable superplasticity, and empirical approaches have lead to the development of two distinct thermomechanical processing (TMP) routes. Recently developed computer-aided electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis methods have provided new insight into the mechanisms of recrystallization as well as the nature of grain boundaries, which are also critically important to the phenomenon, in recrystallized microstructures. The present understanding of microstructural control by deformation and recrystallization of aluminum alloys will be reviewed. Results of investigations into microstructures and grain boundary characteristics by these EBSD methods will be summarized for alloys representing each of these different routes and implications to processing of aluminum alloys for superplasticity will be discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-458-5 PY 2000 BP 339 EP 352 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ43B UT WOS:000088356400029 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, GJ BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Algorithm fusion for the detection and classification of sea mines in the very shallow water region using side-scan sonar imagery SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sea mines; naval mines; automatic detection; automatic classification; sensor fusion; data fusion; algorithm fusion; side-looking sonar; side-scan sonar; sonar imagery ID MULTIRESOLUTION NEURAL NETWORKS; ADAPTIVE CLUTTER SUPPRESSION; BANDWIDTH REDUCTION; VARIATIONAL-METHODS; LOOKING SONAR; DETECTION/CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; FILTER; SYSTEM AB The very shallow water regions contain much mine-like clutter, which cause high false alarm rates in minehunting sonar systems. This paper presents a method for reducing false alarms by the fusion of multiple detection and classification algorithms. The algorithm fusion method is based on the well-known Fisher Discriminant. C1 NSWC Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), NSWC Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 348 EP 361 DI 10.1117/12.396262 PN 1&2 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700034 ER PT S AU Matthews, AD Johnson, VB AF Matthews, AD Johnson, VB BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Radar acoustic hybrid (RAH) experiment SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE radar; sonar; area coverage; mine countermeasures; antisubmarine warfare; shallow; littoral AB The purpose of this system development is to permit single pass data acquisition and increase the area coverage rate for a mine and obstacle survey of shallow water. The system would be useful in the search for other submerged targets as well. By coupling a high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with a submerged acoustic source, a large area can be examined with a single pass of the aircraft that carries the radar. An experiment for the proof of feasibility of Radar Acoustic Hybrid (RAH) is described. Experiment results are discussed and evaluated. This system is related to a predecessor that employed lasers and acoustics. The trade-offs for convenience of use, resolution, and technological risk are considered so that the two system architecture options can be compared. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Matthews, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Code R21, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1117/12.396270 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700042 ER PT S AU Houser, EJ McGill, RA Nguyen, VK Chung, R Weir, DW AF Houser, EJ McGill, RA Nguyen, VK Chung, R Weir, DW BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Recent developments in sorbent coatings and chemical detectors at the naval research laboratory for explosives and chemical agents SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID SENSORS AB New chemoselective polymers have been developed to enhance the nitroaromatic sorption properties of coated acoustic wave (AW) devices. The sensitivity and selectivity of polymer-based sensors depends on several factors including the chemoselective coating used, the physical properties of the vapor(s) of interest, the selected transducer, and the operating conditions. Detection limits with the coated SAW sensors, tested under laboratory conditions, are determined to be < 100 parts per trillion for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). A new SAW based chemical vapor detector the NRL p-CAD has been developed with dramatically improved signal kinetics offering T-95 response times of less than 0.1 second for a wide range of organic compounds including the nerve agent simulant and agent precursor material dimethylmethylphosphonate. In addition, the NRL p-CAD system offers a rapid 2s baseline reset virtually eliminating baseline drift issues associated with changes in temperature and relative humidity. The p-CAD system has been successfully tested in both ground and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) testing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Houser, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6375, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1117/12.396278 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700049 ER PT S AU Stetson, SP Witherspoon, NH Holloway, JH Suiter, HR Crosby, FJ Hilton, R McCarley, KA AF Stetson, SP Witherspoon, NH Holloway, JH Suiter, HR Crosby, FJ Hilton, R McCarley, KA BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI COBRA ATD minefield detection results for the Joint Countermine ACTD Demonstrations SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE minefield detection; mine detection; airborne mine detection; UAV; COBRA; Joint Countermine ACTD; multispectral; ground station AB The Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis (COBRA) system described here was a Marine Corps Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) development consisting of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airborne multispectral video sensor system and a ground station which processes the multispectral video data to automatically detect minefields along the flight path. After successful completion of the ATD, the residual COBRA ATD system participated in the Joint Countermine (JCM) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) Demo I held at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina in conjunction with JTFX97 and Demo II held in Stephenville, Newfoundland in conjunction with MARCOT98. These exercises demonstrated the COBRA ATD system in an operational environment, detecting minefields that included several different mine types in widely varying backgrounds. The COBRA system performed superbly during these demonstrations, detecting mines under water, in the surf zone, on the beach, and inland, and has transitioned to an acquisition program. This paper describes the COBRA operation and performance results for these demonstrations, which represent the first demonstrated capability for remote tactical minefield detection from a UAV. The successful COBRA technologies and techniques demonstrated for tactical UAV minefield detection in the Joint Countermine Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrations have formed the technical foundation for future developments in Marine Corps, Navy, and Army tactical remote airborne mine detection systems. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. RP Stetson, SP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1268 EP 1279 DI 10.1117/12.396211 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700125 ER PT S AU Holloway, J Witherspoon, N Miller, R Davis, K Suiter, H Hilton, R AF Holloway, J Witherspoon, N Miller, R Davis, K Suiter, H Hilton, R BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Navy/Marine Corps innovative science and technology developments for future enhanced mine detection capabilities SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; minefield detection; COBRA; JMDT; multispectral sensor; multispectral; laser-diode arrays; range-gated laser; polarization; liquid-crystal filters; image registration; multispectral video AB Joint Mine Detection Technology (JMDT) is a Navy/Marine Corps 6.2 Exploratory Development program that is closely coordinated with the 6.4 Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis (COBRA) acquisition program. The objective of the program is to develop innovative science and technology to enhance future mine detection capabilities. Prior to transition to acquisition, the COBRA Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) was extremely successful in demonstrating a passive airborne multispectral video sensor system operating in the tactical Pioneer unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), combined with an integrated ground station subsystem to detect and locate minefields from surf zone to inland areas. JMDT is investigating advanced technology solutions for future enhancements in minefield detection capability beyond the current COBRA. ATD demonstrated capabilities. JMDT has recently been delivered next-generation, innovative hardware which was specified by the Coastal Systems Station and developed under contract. This hardware includes an agile-tuning multispectral, polarimetric, digital video camera and advanced multiwavelength laser illumination technologies to extend the same sorts of multispectral detections from an UAV into the night and over shallow water and other difficult littoral regions. One of these illumination devices is an ultra-compact, highly-efficient (currently a single wavelength) near-IR laser diode array. The other is a multi-wavelength range-gateable laser. Additionally, in conjunction with this new technology, algorithm enhancements are being developed in JMDT for future naval capabilities which will outperform the already impressive record of automatic detection of minefields demonstrated by the COBRA ATD. C1 NSWC, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Holloway, J (reprint author), NSWC, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1280 EP 1291 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700126 ER PT S AU Howarth, TR Tressler, JF AF Howarth, TR Tressler, JF BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Thin, lightweight, low frequency acoustic projectors for shallow water environments SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE cymbals; flextensional transducers; shallow water; projectors ID TRANSDUCER; CYMBAL AB Miniature flextensional transducers, called cymbals, have been incorporated into thin, lightweight, large area panels for use as low frequency acoustic projectors in shallow water. The prototype panels, measuring 100-mm by LOO-mm by 6.35-mm thick exhibit a high acoustic output at a relatively low in-water resonance frequency. Furthermore a second resonance frequency that is over an order of magnitude higher suggests that the panel may be used to provide sound output over almost a two decade frequency band. The mass of the unpotted panel is less than 150 grams and the total thickness is 6.35 mm. The cymbal panels are believed to be excellent candidates as acoustic projectors on autonomous and/or unmanned underwater vehicle platforms as well as other shallow water platforms where low frequency, light weight and high acoustic output are desired. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howarth, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1510 EP 1517 DI 10.1117/12.396269 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700145 ER PT J AU Chen, JQ Freitas, JA Meeker, DL AF Chen, JQ Freitas, JA Meeker, DL TI Optical characterization of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE amorphous carbon; characterization; hydrogenation; optics ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; A-C-H; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINESCENCE AB Photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and infrared absorption spectroscopies were employed to study the properties of a-C:H thin films deposited under constant pressure conditions. The films examined in the present work were prepared with and without the presence of nitrogen in the deposition process gases. Low temperature photoluminescence spectra revealed new emission bands at 564 nm and 637 nm for the nitrogen doped films. Three Raman scattering lines are observed in the nitrogen doped and annealed films. The Raman scattering spectra of the annealed films suggest the presence of microcrystalline graphite inclusions in the bulk of the film. Additional infrared absorption data support the Raman results. These observations agree with the proposed cluster model of a-C:H films consisting of sp(2) and sp(3) beading structures. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Chen, JQ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00187-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 283UT UT WOS:000085295000008 ER PT B AU Hagans, PL Natishan, PM Stoner, BR O'Grady, WE AF Hagans, PL Natishan, PM Stoner, BR O'Grady, WE BE Davidson, JL Brown, WD Gicquel, A Spitsyn, BV Angus, JC TI Electrochemical oxidation of phenol on CVD carbon electrodes SO DIAMOND MATERIALS VI SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Diamond Materials at the 196th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc AB Boron-doped diamond electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition were used to determine if phenol could be oxidized to CO2. Experiments were run with a flow cell in which a liter of 10 mM phenol in 0.1M H2SO4 was circulated through the cell and the total organic carbon (TOC) was monitored as a function of time and cell current. The total carbon in solution was reduced from similar to 1% TOC to <0.1% TOC with no observable decrease in decomposition rate. This means that the reacted phenol was converted completely to CO2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hagans, PL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stoner, Brian/D-9747-2011 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-255-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 32 BP 484 EP 490 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ71D UT WOS:000089239900053 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Nielsen, A Crystal, TH AF Schmidt-Nielsen, A Crystal, TH TI Speaker verification by human listeners: Experiments comparing human and machine performance using the NIST 1998 speaker evaluation data SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual NIST Speaker Recognition Workshop CY JUN 03-04, 1999 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP NIST HO UNIV MARYLAND DE speaker verification; speaker identification; speaker recognition; human performance; evaluation AB The speaker verification performance of human listeners was compared to that of computer algorithms/systems. Listening protocols were developed to emulate as closely as possible the 1998 algorithm evaluation run by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), while taking into account human memory limitations. A subset of the target speakers and test samples from the same telephone conversation data was used. Ways of combining listener data to arrive at a group decision were explored, and the group mean worked well. The human results were very competitive with the best computer algorithms in the same handset condition. For same number testing, with 3-s samples, listener panels and the best algorithm had the same equal-error rate (EER) of 8%. Listeners were better than typical algorithms. For different number testing, EERs increased but humans had a 40% lower equal-error rate. Human performance in general seemed relatively robust to degradation. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IDA Ctr Commun Res, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Schmidt-Nielsen, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5513,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD JAN-JUL PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1-3 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1006/dspr.1999.0356 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 323UP UT WOS:000087583600017 ER PT B AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP BE Gilbert, RP Kajiwara, J Xu, YS TI Transmission loss in a depth-varying ocean over a poroelastic seabed SO DIRECT AND INVERSE PROBLEMS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS SE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ANALYSIS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Congress of the International-Society-for-Analysis-Applications-and-Computation CY JUN 02-07, 1997 CL UNIV DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE SP Int Soc Anal Applicat & Comp HO UNIV DELAWARE ID BIOT SEDIMENT MODEL; FAR-FIELD AB A Green's function representation for acoustic pressure in an ocean with depth-varying sound speed over a poroelastic seabed is derived via a residue computation. Transmission loss curves for upward and downward refracting sound speed profiles in the ocean are computed for three sediments of different coarseness. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6005-2 J9 INT SOC ANAL APP COM PY 2000 VL 5 BP 21 EP 37 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BR23Q UT WOS:000165926300002 ER PT J AU Knechtges, PL AF Knechtges, PL TI Military deployment toxicology: A program manager's perspective SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci AB The Persian Gulf War drew attention to the potential hazards of chemicals that personnel may encounter during military operations and deployments overseas. During the War, the oil well fires of Kuwait highlighted the military threat of industrial chemicals in the area of operations. Following the War, the occurrence of Gulf War Illnesses brought home concerns and suspicions regarding "low level" and "mixed" exposures to chemicals. The public's concern and attention resulted in numerous institutional responses to the real and perceived problems of health risks during military deployments. These institutional responses ranged in scope from a Presidential Review Directive to the initiative known as the Deployment Toxicology Research, Development, Testing and Evaluation (RDT&E) Program. Most institutions, however, seem to agree that additional research is needed to assess the health risks from chemical exposures during military deployments. Establishing and managing an effective RDT&E program in risk assessment for deployed forces is a challenging enterprise. The Deployment Toxicology RDT&E Program was conceived utilizing the military's acquisition framework, an effective methodology with a proven record of fielding of new technologies. Based on a series of structured meetings with military representatives that would utilize new risk assessment tools, a hierarchical set of plans was developed to identify and prioritize end products. The challenge ahead for the Deployment Toxicology RDT&E Program is to execute these plans, provide the necessary oversight, and transition the results into successful product development. C1 Off Naval Res, Med Serv Corp, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Knechtges, PL (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Med Serv Corp, Code 341,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100104 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100009 PM 10711391 ER PT J AU Rossi, J Ritchie, GD Nordholm, AF Knechtges, PL Wilson, CL Lin, J Alexander, WK Still, KR AF Rossi, J Ritchie, GD Nordholm, AF Knechtges, PL Wilson, CL Lin, J Alexander, WK Still, KR TI Application of neurobehavioral toxicology methods to the military Deployment Toxicology Assessment Program SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; NEURAL SENSITIZATION; RATS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; DRUG; NEUROTOXICOLOGY; AMPHETAMINE; SCHEDULES AB The military Tri-Service (Army, Navy & Marines, Air Force) Deployment Toxicology Assessment Program (DTAP) represents a 30-year (1996-2026) planning effort to implement comprehensive systems for the protection of internationally deployed troops against toxicant exposures. A major objective of DTAP is the implementation of a global surveillance system to identify chemicals with the potential to reduce human performance capacity. Implementation requires prior development of complex human risk assessment models, known collectively as the Neurobehavioral Toxicity Evaluation instrument (NTEI), based on mathematical interpolation of results from tissue-based and in vivo animal studies validated by human performance assessment research. The Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assessment Group (NTAC) at the Naval Health Research Center Detachment-Toxicology (NHRC-TD), Dayton, OH, and associated academic institutions are developing and cross-validating cellular-level (NTAS), laboratory small animal (NTAB), nonhuman primate (GASP), and human-based (GASH) toxicity assessment batteries. These batteries will be utilized to develop and evaluate mathematical predictors of human neurobehavioral toxicity, as a function of laboratory performance deficits predicted by quantitative structural analysis relationship (QSAR-like) properties of potential toxicants identified by international surveillance systems. Finally, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and pharmacodynamic (PBPD) modeling of NTAS, NTAB, GASP, GASH data will support multi-organizational development and validation of the NTEI. The validated NTEI tool will represent a complex database management system, integrating global satellite surveillance input to provide real-time decision-making support for deployed military personnel. C1 NTAG, NHRC TD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rossi, J (reprint author), NTAG, NHRC TD, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 113 EP 138 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100106 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100011 PM 10711393 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Williams, K Alexander, W Still, KR AF Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Williams, K Alexander, W Still, KR TI Rapid separation of nitroaromatic compounds by solvating gas chromatography SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID CAPILLARY AB Nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene are used in the production of explosives and munitions, and are environmental contaminants as a result of such use. Conventional methods to detect these compounds have relied on liquid and gas chromatography to isolate the individual compounds which may be present at low levels in complex environmental matrices before final detection and identification. A new method, solvating gas chromatography, was used to rapidly separate 8 nitroaromatic compounds, showing improved speed relative to conventional liquid and gas chromatography methods. Solvating gas chromatography allows near real-time detection for these energetic compounds, providing improvements in their detection as environmental contaminants, and as compounds of interest to law enforcement and military organizations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Lab Sci, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100013 PM 10711395 ER PT J AU Grant, GM Shaffer, KM Kao, WY Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Grant, GM Shaffer, KM Kao, WY Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Investigation of in vitro toxicity of jet fuels JP-8 and Jet A SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXPOSURE; CELLS; RAT; NEUROTOXICITY; BIOSENSORS; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB The in vitro cytotoxicity and electrophysiological toxicity of Jet Propulsion-8 (JP-8 jet fuel) on four cell types: H41IE liver cell line, NIH Swiss 3T3 cell line, neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 cells, and embryonic hippocampal neurons were investigated. H4IIE cells exposed to Jet A (a commercial fuel) and JP-8 demonstrated identical toxicity with an IC50 of 12.6 +/- 0.4 mu g/ml for the two fuels. Comparison of H4IIE and NIH/3T3 toxicity to JP-8 revealed that NIH/3T3 cells were more sensitive to JP-8 than H4IIE cells, with an IC50 8.5 +/- 0.1 mu g/ml. JP-8 exposure for the hippocampal neurons proved to be highly toxic (IC50 of < 2 mu g/ml), while in contrast, the NG108-15 cells were much less sensitive. Electrophysiological examination of NG108-15 cells showed that administration of JP-8 at 1 mu g/ml did not alter significantly any of the electrophysiological properties. However, exposure to JP-8 at 10 mu g/ml during a current stimulus of +46 pA decreased the amplitude of the action potential to 83 +/- 7% (n = 4), the rate of rise, dV/dt(MAX) to 50 +/- 8% (n = 4), and the spiking rate to 35 +/- 11% (n = 4) of the corresponding control levels. These results demonstrate JP-8 induced cytotoxic varies among cell types. The possible mechanisms underlying these observations are presented. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grant, GM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100115 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100020 PM 10711402 ER PT J AU Pope, RM Weidemann, AD Fry, ES AF Pope, RM Weidemann, AD Fry, ES TI Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter measurements of dissolved substances and suspended particles in ocean water SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE optical properties; absorption; dissolved materials; water; phytoplankton ID PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; COEFFICIENTS; SPECTRA; LIGHT; SEA AB We have developed a new device to measure the separate contributions to the spectral absorption coefficient due to a pure liquid, due to the particles suspended in it, and due to the substances dissolved in it. This device, the Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter (ICAM), is essentially independent of scattering effects in the sample. In April 1993, a prototype of the ICAM was field tested on board the research vessel USNS Bartlett. A major part of the cruise track included criss-crossing the area where the Mississippi flows into the Gulf of Mexico at various ranges from the mouth of the river; thus samples were collected from areas of blue, green, and brown/black water. We evaluated 35 seawater samples collected with 5-1 Niskin bottles from 22 locations to determine absorption spectra (380-700 nm) of suspended particles and dissolved substances (gelbstoff). Results validate the ICAM as a viable tool for marine optical absorption research. Gelbstoff absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.024 to 0.603 m(-1). Over the spectral region 380 --> 560 nm, gelbstoff absorption by each of the samples could be accurately fit to a decaying exponential. The particle absorption spectra are generally characteristic of those of phytoplankton and exhibit a local maximum at 430-440 nm. Absorption values at 432.5 nm ranged from similar to zero to similar to 1.0 m(-1). Some samples with moderate particulate absorption, however, did not show the characteristic local maximum of phytoplankton in the blue and instead resembled the characteristic decaying exponential of detritus with a shape similar to that observed in the gelbstoff. The ratio of gelbstoff to particulate absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.46 to 152. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Joint Precis Strike Demonstrat, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rpope@nvl.army.mil; alanw@nrlssc.navy.mil; fry@physics.tamu.edu RI Fry, Edward/B-6012-2016 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JAN PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(99)00039-1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 382MP UT WOS:000165827100014 ER PT B AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, RL BE Zschau, J Kuppers, AN TI Track forecast guidance improvements for early warnings of tropical cyclones SO EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Warning Systems for the Reduction of Natural Disasters CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP United Nat Int Decade Natl Disasters Reduct AB The disastrous impacts of tropical cyclones in terms of loss of lives and damage to the economies of all nations affected by these storms are well known. This paper will present an overview of progress achieved in the last decade in providing tropical cyclone track forecast guidance at a number of regional and national centers. In many cases, the accuracy of the 72-hour track forecasts is equivalent to that of the 48-hour forecasts only 10 years ago. Contributions from various factors that have led to these track forecast improvements will be described. Future needs to continue this improvement will be proposed. A number of issues that must be addressed to convert improved track forecast guidance to more accurate and earlier warnings will be suggested. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67962-6 PY 2000 BP 167 EP 183 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Public Administration GA BV84S UT WOS:000180194300023 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL Zhang, XJ AF Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL Zhang, XJ BE Hamilton, ML Kumar, AS Rosinski, ST Grossbeck, ML TI Application of Master Curve technology to biaxial and shallow crack fracture data for A533B steels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 16-18, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat DE shallow crack; cleavage; ductile-to-brittle transition; ferritic steel; elastic-plastic fracture; fracture mechanics; master curve; carbide banding; biaxial loading; stereo-section fractography AB The Master Curve approach has recently been proposed by Wallin [1] to define the expected toughness of ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition. This method has been standardized in ASTM E1921-98 using deeply cracked fracture toughness specimens tested quasistatically in the lower transition regime. However, the commercial nuclear power industry will often use this method to infer structural performance where the critical crack of interest is shallow, rather than deep, and the loading is biaxial rather than uniaxial. Research has been funded by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA), and the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) to address potential shortcomings of the present ASTM Standard Master Curve method for such applications. Low-constraint specimens of A533B steel were tested to measure performance under more realistic crack tip constraint conditions, and results were analyzed using the Master Curve approach. The A533B steel plate was heat treated to simulate the elevation of the material yield strength and reduction in toughness which results from extended aging due to neutron irradiation. ORNL conducted shallow crack (a/W = 0.1), uniaxially and biaxially-loaded cruciform specimen testing, while USNA performed shallow crack (a/W = 0.1), uniaxially-loaded SE(B) testing. Both laboratories also utilized additional deeply cracked(a/W > 0.5) specimens to fully characterize the A533B steel plate tested as per ASTM E1921. ORNL conducted 1/2T C(T) specimens, while USNA tested both 1/2T C(T) and 1T SE(B) specimens. The standardized master curve approach has been used for analysis in most cases, but this technique was augmented with the maximum likelihood, multi-temperature method [2] when data at a single temperature was sparse. Results indicate that larger variability in K-Jc (fracture toughness at onset of cleavage initiation) is present in the shallow cracked specimens compared with deeply cracked specimens tested at the same temperature. This result is expected due to interaction between the gross section and crack-tip plasticity which lowers constraint and reduces the opening mode stress magnitude within the crack-tip process zone. Surprisingly, however, the 1T SE(B) shallow crack specimens exhibited a distinct reduction in the median K-Jc in comparison with the deeply cracked specimens tested using the same material. This trend is counter to historical short-crack data which exhibits an increase in the median K-Jc [3, 4]. Stereo-Section fractography was performed to reveal the microstructure near the cleavage crack initiation sites of several shallow and deeply cracked A533B specimens. More intense carbide bands are present in the USNA shallow cracked SE(B) specimens than in the other specimens tested. This implies that the local carbon content and hardness is higher in these specimens and lead to the low median K-Jc [5-8]. This effect has recently been more rigorously quantified [9]. The variation of the carbide band density in the A533B material tested is a cause of considerable concern. The ability of surrogate, surveillance capsule specimens to accurately capture the reduced toughness due to banding is questionable in light of the relatively small amount of material available for testing, the highly localized nature of the banding, and the inability to predict where it will occur. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2852-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1366 BP 177 EP 203 DI 10.1520/STP12390S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP75Y UT WOS:000086078700013 ER PT S AU Ramotowski, T Hamilton, K Kavarnos, G Zhang, Q Bharti, V AF Ramotowski, T Hamilton, K Kavarnos, G Zhang, Q Bharti, V BE Zhang, QM Furukawa, T BarCohen, Y Scheinbeim, Y TI Electron irradiated P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers for use in naval transducer applications SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS (EAP) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electroactive Polymers at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP USN, Off Res, Daikin US Corp, Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd, Toray Techno Co Ltd, Mat Res Soc AB Recently, it was discovered that the transduction / strain capability of p(VDF-TrFE) copolymers can be enhanced by more than an order of magnitude by irradiating the copolymer with large doses (40-300 Mrads) of beta-particles (1-3 MeV electrons). The goal of this project is to understand how irradiation improves the electromechanical properties of p(VDF-TrFE) copolymers while simultaneously identifying the secondary effects of the irradiation process on the material (not critical to the electromechanical properties) and attempting to separate the two contributions. It has been found that P-irradiation affects the material profoundly in several different manners. Reduction in the melt temperature, degree of crystallinity and the resulting crystal quality have been observed for increasing doses of P-particles. Similar results have been observed for the Curie transition, especially in the energy associated with, and the breadth of, the transition. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis indicates that irradiation causes both chain scission and network polymer formation. Solid-state NMR results are discussed in reference to postulated dehalogenation, dehydrohalogenation, and olefinic bond formation activities. C1 USN, Undersea Warf Ctr, Transduct Mat Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ramotowski, T (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warf Ctr, Transduct Mat Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-508-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 600 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Physics; Polymer Science GA BQ75U UT WOS:000089404300009 ER PT J AU Swider, KE Rolison, DR AF Swider, KE Rolison, DR TI Reduced poisoning of platinum fuel-cell electrocatalysts supported on desulfurized carbon SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SULFUR; CATALYSTS; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODES; MODEL AB The vulcanized carbon (VC) used to support nanoscale Pt catalysts in H-2/O-2 fuel cells contains organosulfur that poisons the Pt upon heating in the absence of water. We have previously shown that in the art of making fuel-cell electrodes (which includes water and heat), surface-sited organosulfur in the VC is catalytically oxidized to innocuous sulfate when it contacts PtOx. When the carbon surface is desulfurized, electroactive electrodes can be fabricated without water and at temperatures that would otherwise poison Pt when mixed with standard VC. The subsurface organosulfur in VC does not migrate over time to the desulfurized carbon surface under ambient conditions to deactivate supported Pt. Electroactive Pt/low sulfur-content carbon electrodes can now be made using nonaqueous protocols. Low-sulfur-content carbon supports should reduce performance losses in fuel cells. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)08-056-6. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 3 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 255RH UT WOS:000083683600002 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Graph theory and the passivity of iron-chromium binary alloys SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FE-CR ALLOYS; PERCOLATION MODEL; PASSIVATION; FILMS AB Using graph theory, it is shown that the introduction of 70 atom % of Fe+3 into a -Cr-O-Cr- oxide network serves to disjoin the network, or conversely, introduction of 30% atomic concentration of Cr+3 serves to provide a connected -Cr-O-Cr- network. The results of surface analysis show that this concentration of 30 atom % Cr+3 in the oxide film corresponds to 13 atom % chromium in the Fe-Cr alloy, i.e., the critical concentration of Cr required for passivity in Fe-Cr binary alloys. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)09-009-4. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 3 IS 1 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 255RH UT WOS:000083683600009 ER PT B AU Dressick, WJ Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Chen, MS Leonard, DL Calvert, JM Sims, CW AF Dressick, WJ Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Chen, MS Leonard, DL Calvert, JM Sims, CW BE Romankiw, LT Osaka, T Yamazaki, Y Madore, C TI Patterned channel-constrained metallization of alumina and diamond substrates SO ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS III SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Technology Applications in Electronics CY OCT 20-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Electrodeposit, Electrochem Soc Japan ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; FILMS; CONTACTS; PH AB We describe a method for patterning and additive metal deposition on rough alumina and diamond substrates, useful for fabrication of electrical interconnects. Fabricated circuitry (similar to 10 mu m resolution) exhibits suitable metal thickness (greater than or equal to 2 mu m), conductivity (similar to 10 mu Omega-cm), and adhesion (pass tape peel test) for operation at power levels of at least 20W (i.e., 1A; 20V) without failure or delamination. IR thermal images of operating circuitry show an similar to 50% decrease in component junction temperature rise (from ambient) on diamond (k >1200 W/m-degrees K) vs. alumina(k similar to 200 W/m-degrees K), consistent with thermal conductivity differences between these substrates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-257-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 34 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BP94E UT WOS:000086692000020 ER PT S AU Jessen, T Kurihara, L Chase, M Kahn, M AF Jessen, T Kurihara, L Chase, M Kahn, M BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Ceramic capacitor formulation development for high voltage applications SO ELECTRONIC CERAMIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dielectric Ceramics held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Power Electronic Building Block (PEBB) initiative of the US Navy has a requirement for high voltage ceramic capacitors, which are not available commercially. A preliminary formulation and processing study was conducted to determine the feasibility of developing an 'industrially-friendly' capacitor composition to address this need. Compositions in the family (PbxBa1-x)(ZryTi1-y)0(3) as well as processing variables were investigated. One formulation was identified which appears to meet the PEBB requirements of high dielectric. breakdown strength and stable capacitance as a function of field and temperature. The target application for this formulation is the output filter capacitor. The processing and property studies conducted in this effort are described in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jessen, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-098-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 106 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85X UT WOS:000183415600034 ER PT J AU Reneker, MH Buntzen, JL AF Reneker, MH Buntzen, JL TI Enterprise knowledge portals: two projects in the United States Department of the Navy SO ELECTRONIC LIBRARY LA English DT Article DE knowledge-based systems; Academic libraries; information technology; networking; information resources management; information systems AB Two projects in the US Department of the Navy to develop enterprise portals for facilitating knowledge discovery and dissemination are discussed. The authors describe efforts within a global organization to capitalize on current knowledge management concepts and technologies for knowledge access and sharing in order to provide users with more personalized, responsive, and integrated information systems. The Next Generation Library supports knowledge management and networking objectives, as well as providing high-quality content access at the desktop. The Naval Postgraduate School Knowledge Portal, still under development, is designed to link internal administrative databases with current message traffic and external scholarly information resources. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dudly Knox Lib, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Off Dept Navy Chief Informat Officer, Washington, DC USA. RP Reneker, MH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dudly Knox Lib, Monterey, CA USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-0473 J9 ELECTRON LIBR JI Electron. Libr. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1108/EUM0000000005386 PG 11 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 388QQ UT WOS:000166193400002 ER PT J AU McDermott, PM Kwon, YW AF McDermott, PM Kwon, YW TI A stable algorithm for void growth and nucleation in transient, elasto-plastic analysis of plate bending SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE algorithms; elastoplasticity; plate structures; deformation; plate bending ID STRAIN; DAMAGE; MODEL; FLOW AB An algorithm for stable transient solutions was developed for a non-linear constitutive model for void growth and nucleation with elasto-plastic deformation of plate structures under bending loads. The Gurson model was used for void growth and plastic deformation. The constitutive model was incorporated into a plate element which includes both transverse shear and normal deformations. Numerical examples were provided to test the algorithm and to show the effects of the transverse normal deformation and void on plastic strains in plate structures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McDermott, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2000 VL 17 IS 6-7 BP 857 EP 873 DI 10.1108/02644400010355862 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 373HY UT WOS:000165284300011 ER PT S AU Lee, FU Sanders, HC George, K Agarwala, VV AF Lee, FU Sanders, HC George, K Agarwala, VV BE Kane, RD TI Environmentally influenced near-threshold fatigue crack growth in 7075-T651 aluminum alloy SO ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING: PREDICTIVE METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, AND STRUCTURES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Predictive Methods for Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Materials, Equipment, and Structures CY NOV 13-15, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Subcomm G01 06 Environm Assist Cracking, NACE Int, Mat Properties Council Inc, Mat Technol Inst Chem Process Ind, European Struct Integr Soc, Elect Power Res Inst DE fatigue; near-threshold fatigue crack growth; stress ratio; vacuum; laboratory air; 3.5% NaCl solution; threshold stress intensity range; maximum stress intensity ID STRESS RATIO; GRAIN-SIZE; BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PROPAGATION; STEELS AB The near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior of the 7075-T651 aluminum alloy was studied in laboratory air, vacuum, and an aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution. Results indicate that a rising stress ratio (R) enhanced the near-threshold fatigue crack growth by increasing the crack growth rate (da/dN) and decreasing the threshold stress intensity range (DeltaK(th)) in both laboratory air and aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution. However, the reverse was observed in vacuum. It was also noticed that the near-threshold fatigue crack growth resistance was greatest in vacuum, intermediate in aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution, and lowest in laboratory air. Conversely, the crack growth rate at given values of DeltaK were shown to be greatest in laboratory air, less in 3.5% NaC1 solution, and lowest in vacuum. In both laboratory air and aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution, DeltaK(th) initially decreased with increasing R until a critical stress ratio of R-c = 0.5 was reached, which it then leveled off or decreased slightly. The DeltaK(th) values for these two environments appear to converge at a higher R. On the other hand, in vacuum, the DeltaK(th) increased linearly with increasing R. In addition, at lower R, a greater resistance to near-threshold fatigue crack growth was detected in aqueous 3.5% NaCl solution than in laboratory air. This is presumably attributed to crack closure that has been induced by accumulation of corrosion product in the crack-tip. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Mat Div,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, FU (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Aerosp Mat Div,Unit 5, Code 4-3-4-2, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2874-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1401 BP 382 EP 393 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR52A UT WOS:000166706600021 ER PT S AU Hoffer, ME Kopke, RD Allen, K Wester, D O'Leary, MJ AF Hoffer, ME Kopke, RD Allen, K Wester, D O'Leary, MJ BE Claussen, CF Haid, CT Hofferberth, B TI Microdose gentamicin treatment via the round window microcatheter in the treatment of Meniere's disease SO EQUILIBRIUM RESEARCH, CLINICAL EQUILIBRIOMETRY AND MODERN TREATMENT SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Regular Meeting of the Barany-Society CY SEP 12-15, 1998 CL WURZBURG, GERMANY SP Barany Soc C1 USN, MC, LCDR, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50012-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2000 VL 1201 BP 525 EP 525 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA BQ40Q UT WOS:000088270100155 ER PT J AU Yu, ZY Liu, XH McCarron, RM AF Yu, ZY Liu, XH McCarron, RM TI Inhibition of apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase gene expression in rat cerebellar granule cells by 2-iodomelatonin SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PY 2000 VL 12 SU S BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 335GW UT WOS:000088236601954 ER PT J AU McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Groeneveld, JA van Stralen, JNP Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC AF McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Groeneveld, JA van Stralen, JNP Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC TI Quantum dynamics of the dissociation of H-2 on Cu(100): Dependence of the site-reactivity on initial rovibrational state SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Excited States at Surfaces CY SEP 04-06, 2000 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; ASSOCIATIVE DESORPTION; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ROTATIONAL MOTION; CU(111) SURFACE; MOLECULAR PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN AB We perform six-dimensional (6D) quantum wavepacket calculations for H-2 dissociatively adsorbing on Cu(100) from a variety of rovibrational initial states. The calculations are performed on a new potential energy surface (PES), the construction of which is also detailed. Reaction probabilities are in good agreement with experimental findings. Using a new flux analysis method, we calculate the reaction probability density as a function of surface site and collision energy, for a variety of initial states. This approach is used to study the effects of rotation and vibration on reaction at specific surface sites. The results are explained in terms of characteristics of the PES and intrinsically dynamic effects. An important observation is that, even at low collision energies, reaction does not necessarily proceed predominantly in the region of the minimum potential barrier, but can occur almost exclusively at a site with a higher barrier. This suggests that experimental control of initial conditions could be used to selectively induce reaction at particular surface sites. Our predictions for site-reactivity could be tested using contemporary experimental methods: The calculations predict that, for reacting molecules, there will be a dependence of the quadrupole alignment of j on the incident vibrational state, v. This is a direct result of PES topography in the vicinity of the preferred reaction sites of v=0 and v=1 molecules. Invoking detailed balance, evidence for this difference in preferred reaction site of v=0 and 1 molecules could be obtained through associative desorption experiments. C1 Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Theoret Chem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 76 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2000 VL 117 BP 109 EP 132 DI 10.1039/b002507k PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 387YH UT WOS:000166150300009 PM 11271987 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL AF Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL BE Jerina, KL Paris, PC TI Development of consistent size criteria for ASTM combined fracture mechanics standards SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 30TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO HO WASHINGTON UNIV DE linear elastic fracture mechanics; elastic-plastic fracture mechanics; stress intensity; J integral; unloading compliance; constraint; size effects AB Recent ASTM Subcommittee E08.08 on Elastic-Plastic Fracture Technology activities have concentrated on the development of a common fracture test standard that allows the evaluation of elastic and elastic-plastic fracture toughness properties from tests on a single specimen. Many technical changes have been made to allow this process to go forward, but one area in which progress has not been made is in clarifying the various specimen size requirements that were part of the earlier standards. Instead, the size requirements in the new toughness testing standard E1820 have been extracted from the earlier standards, like ASTM E399 and ASTM E813 and extended to the new standard without change, in spite of their clear inconsistency. A review of the development of the E399 size criteria [1] seems to make it clear that the E399 size criterion was meant by its originators to represent only a requirement that allowed the 0.95 secant offset method to adequately evaluate a consistent measure of crack initiation. The later J-integral-based size criteria of E813, E1152, E1737, E1820, and the recent T-o Reference Temperature standard E1921 are based on finite element analysis [2], which ensures that a minimal deviation from small-scale yielding (SSY) occurs. This is intended to generate consistent crack tip constraint as the specimen size decreases or the crack length increases. In this work, specimens from three materials, a 6061-T651 aluminum, a 6Al-4V titanium alloy, and a 4340 steel alloy, were tested to investigate what the proper size criteria should be for a combined fracture mechanics test standard. Larger specimens from each material were tested to obtain K-Ic values meeting the stringent size criteria of ASTM E399. Smaller specimens of each material were tested that intentionally failed the E399 size criteria, but satisfied the less stringent criteria of ASTM E813 and E1820. The unloading compliance method has been used in the testing of the smaller specimens so that an estimate of the true crack initiation point on the specimen load displacement record can be measured. The fracture toughness at the onset of ductile crack extension is measured in terms of the J integral and converted to an equivalent stress intensity K-J value using the standard relationship. The fracture toughness at this crack initiation point can then be compared with the K-Q obtained using the 0.95 secant offset initiation point specified by the E399 K-Ic procedure, and the validity of the various measures of initiation toughness can be determined with respect to the different size criteria. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2617-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1360 BP 357 EP 376 DI 10.1520/STP13414S PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BP43D UT WOS:000085119500024 ER PT S AU Czyryca, EJ AF Czyryca, EJ BE Newman, JC Piascik, RS TI Corrosion fatigue crack growth-thresholds for cast nickel-aluminum bronze and welds SO FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH THRESHOLDS, ENDURANCE LIMITS, AND DESIGN SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatigue Crack Growth Thresholds, Endurance Limits, and Design CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE nickel-aluminum bronze; fatigue crack growth rate; fatigue crack growth rate threshold; corrosion fatigue; seawater; crack closure AB Fatigue crack-growth rate tests of cast NAB and NAB weld metal specimens were conducted to determine the threshold for fatigue crack,growth (Delta K-th); The tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM E 647, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates, in artificial seawater: at a cyclic frequency of 2 Hz at R-ratios of +0.05, +0.30, and +0.60. The; specimens were machined from both poor and good quality, as-cast NAB. Production NAB weldments were used for NAB: weld metal specimens. The fatigue crack:growth-rate curves for-duplicate tests at each R-ratio of cast NAB in seawater were analyzed in the near-threshold regime to determine Delta K-th. With increasing stress intensity ratio (R),Delta K-th, decreased. Compared to the values,for cast NAB higher Delta K-th, and higher crack closure levels in NAB weld metal tests were noted, due to the residual stress in the weldment. The same fatigue crack growth-rate curve sets were corrected for crack closure, and the near- threshold stress intensity decreased significantly when the closure loads were deducted. The closure-corrected, near-threshold stress intensity, based on Delta K-eff, ranged from 4.4 to 6.1 MPa-root m for cast NAB versus 4.4 to 7.4 MPa-root m for NAB weld metal. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Czyryca, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2624-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1372 BP 319 EP 340 DI 10.1520/STP13441S PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP76C UT WOS:000086081800019 ER PT J AU Medberry, J Matthews, PJ AF Medberry, J Matthews, PJ TI Investigations of linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings for time-steered array antennas SO FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE phased array; antenna; chirped grating; true time-delay; beamformer; dispersion ID BEAMFORMER; RECEIVER; PRISM AB The use of linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings as dispersive delay line elements in optical true time-delay beamformers is investigated. Two different dispersive prism beam-forming architectures ar considered as is their impact on the grating specifications. Microwave double-sideband and single-sideband characterization is carried out on gratings suitable for both architectures with an emphasis on the group delay ripple of single and cascaded gratings. Results indicate that commercially available gratings are suitable for beamforming applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5651, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0146-8030 J9 FIBER INTEGRATED OPT JI Fiber Integrated Opt. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 469 EP 482 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 375NB UT WOS:000165405200012 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Patterson, CH van Bergen, SK AF Shriver-Lake, LC Patterson, CH van Bergen, SK TI New horizons: Explosive detection in soil extracts with a fiber-optic biosensor SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE explosive; fiber optic; immunoassay; biosensor; soil ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; WATER AB Contamination of soils with the explosives TNT and RDX is a worldwide problem that has resulted from inadequate disposal methods. Many of these contamination sites are currently being characterized or are undergoing remediation, The ability to obtain real-time, onsite results would save remediation time, reduce cost, and provide for efficient use of labor during cleanup. The NRL fiber-optic biosensor, which has been demonstrated for the on-site detection of explosives in ground water, has expanded its horizons to include detection in soil extracts. Soil samples from several sites in the United States were analyzed for TNT and RDX. The explosives were removed from the soil with a 3-min acetone extraction. The extract was mixed with buffer containing a fluorescent explosive analog and exposed to the antibody-coated optical probes. In the presence of either TNT or RDX, a decrease in the fluorescence signal, proportional to the explosive concentration, was observed. In less than 20 min, analysis on four optical probes was completed. Extract results from the fiber-optic biosensor were compared to those from U.S, EPA SW 846 Method 8330 (reverse-phase high-performance chromatography), Detection limits of 0.5 mg/kg (0.1 mg/l) of TNT and RDX in soil acetone extracts were obtained. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 4 IS 5 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<239::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 368JW UT WOS:000090114700003 ER PT J AU Costanza, J Davis, WM AF Costanza, J Davis, WM TI Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface by membrane introduction into a direct sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE site characterization; volatile organic compounds (VOC); membrane-interface mass spectrometry; cone penetrometry AB The Triservice Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) was developed to reduce the time and cost required for site characterization. Direct-push sensors were developed to detect specific classes of contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, explosive compounds, radionuclides, metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), This article describes the demonstration of a direct-push sensor that can quantify VOC contamination in the subsurface in real time. This system consists of a membrane interface probe (MIP) manufactured by Geoprobe Systems coupled to a direct sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS), The ITMS-MIP system was shown to rapidly collect and analyze samples from the subsurface, regardless of matrix. Two of the five demonstrations discussed resulted in a strong linear correlation (r(2) = 0.9) with validation samples analyzed using EPA Method 8260, The other three demonstrations revealed that the calibration method used in this work introduced a bias compared to EPA methods.* (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Costanza, J (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 4 IS 5 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<246::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-W PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 368JW UT WOS:000090114700004 ER PT S AU Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD Dixon, DD AF Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD Dixon, DD BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Investigations of positron annihilation radiation SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID GALACTIC-CENTER; LINE EMISSION AB By combining OSSE, SMM and TGRS observations of the galactic center region, Purcell et aa. (1997) and Cheng et al. (1997) produced the first maps of galactic positron annihilation. That data-set has been augmented with additional data, both recent and archival, and re-analyzed to improve the spectral fitting. The improved spectral fitting has enabled the first maps of positronium continuum emission and the most extensive maps of 511 keV line emission. Bulge and disk combinations have been compared with the 511 keV line data, demonstrating that extended bulges are favored over a GC point source for every disk model tested. This result is independent of whether OSSE-only, OSSE/SMM, or OSSE/SMM/TGRS data-sets are used. The estimated bulge to disk ratio (and to a lesser extent the total flux) is shown to be dependent upon the assumption of bulge shape. A positive latitude enhancement is shown to have an effect upon the B/D ratio, but this effect is secondary to the choice of bulge shape. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800003 ER PT S AU Grove, JE Cui, W Ueda, Y AF Grove, JE Cui, W Ueda, Y BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Broadband observations of the black hole transients XTE J1550-564 and GRS 1915+105 SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID CANDIDATES AB Previous work with OSSE has shown that galactic black hole candidates (BHCs) in the X-ray high, soft state have power-law emission above 50 keV that extends at least to energies comparable to the electron rest mass. We report on recent contemporaneous observations of the transients XTE J1550-564 and GRS 1915+105 with ASCA, RXTE, and OSSE. During the OSSE observations of both objects, the emission above 50 keV was slowly declining, covering a range of a factor of three in intensity for the former and a factor of ten for the latter. This is the first time that high-sensitivity observations above 50 keV have been made of these objects over such a wide range in intensity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grove, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 134 EP 138 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800025 ER PT S AU Strickman, M Barret, D AF Strickman, M Barret, D BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Detection of multiple hard X-ray flares from SCO X-l with OSSE SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE AB CGRO/OSSE observations of the bright LMXB Sco X-1 have resulted in the discovery of transient episodes of hard X-ray emission extending to energies above 200 keV. During these periods, the emission spectrum above 80 keV deviates significantly from the extrapolation of the soft thermal spectrum observed at lower X-ray energies. The intervals of hard emission last similar to 4-days with a duty cycle similar to 30%. Using RXTE/ASM data from the same intervals to establish the state of Sco X-1 on the color-color diagram "Z" is in progress, but preliminary results indicate that the hard X-ray episodes occur over a Limited range of mass accretion rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strickman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 222 EP 226 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800043 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Blast-wave physics model for blazars SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SYNCHROTRON; EMISSION; JET AB blast-wave physics model is applied to observations of the spectral energy distributions of blazars. Numerical simulation results showing instantaneous and time-averaged spectra for blast-wave evolution are presented for an idealized case with different values of the initial Lorentz factors of the outflow. The results are compared with the trend of blazer properties ranging from flat spectrum radio quasars to high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects. The long-term averaged spectra and shortterm flaring spectra calculated from temporally evolving blast waves are in qualitative agreement with the different spectral states observed from BL Lac objects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 400 EP 404 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800078 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Davis, SP AF Dermer, CD Davis, SP BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Model for the redshift and luminosity distributions of gamma ray blazars SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AB A simple model is used to fit the redshift and luminosity distributions of gamma-ray blazars observed with EGRET. The model consists of collimated relativistic bulk plasma outflow, with radiation beamed along the jet axis due to Doppler boosting. The EGRET detection sensitivity is used to assess source detectability. The best-fit Doppler factors and intrinsic source luminosities are obtained from fits to the BL Lac object (BL) and flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) distributions, assuming that the source density distributions follows the star formation rate history of the universe. Predictions for the detectability of blazars with GLAST are made. We argue that GLAST will detect a much larger fraction of BLs in ifs sample than found by EGRET in consequence of the weaker cosmological effects on detectability of the nearer BLs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 425 EP 429 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800083 ER PT S AU Murphy, RJ Share, GH AF Murphy, RJ Share, GH BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Accelerated-particle spectral variability in the 1991 June 11 solar flare SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID GAMMA-RAY FLARE AB The X12 solar flare that occurred on 1991 June 11 was well observed by the instruments on CGRO. Here we present observations of this flare obtained with OSSE. OSSE detected nuclear gamma-ray lines, 2.223 MeV neutron-capture radiation, 0.511 MeV positron-annihilation radiation, >16 MeV gamma rays and neutrons. We apply three techniques of measuring the accelerated-particle energy spectrum. Since each technique is sensitive to a different range of particle energies, comparison of the derived spectral indexes provides information about the shape of the particle spectrum over a broad energy range. We show that as the flare progressed, the particle spectrum clearly evolved. There were intervals when the particle spectrum was consistent with an unbroken power law from similar to 1 to 100 MeV. But there were also intervals when the spectrum deviated significantly from a simple, unbroken power law through this energy range. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 559 EP 563 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800105 ER PT S AU Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Phlips, BF AF Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Phlips, BF BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Considerations for the next compton telescope mission SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE AB A high resolution Compton telescope has been identified by the Gamma Ray Astronomy Program Working Group (GRAPWG) as the highest priority major mission in gamma ray astrophysics following GLAST. This mission should provide 25-100 times improved sensitivity, relative to CGRO and INTEGRAL, for MeV gamma ray lines. It must have good performance for narrow and broad lines and for discrete and diffuse emissions. Several instrumental approaches are being pursued to achieve these goals. We discuss issues relating to this mission including alternative detector concepts, instrumental configurations, and background reduction techniques. We have pursued the development of position-sensitive solid-state detectors (Ge, Si) for a high spectral resolution Compton telescope mission. A similar to 1 m(2) germanium Compton telescope of position-sensitive germanium detectors was the basis for one of the GRAPWG concepts. Preliminary Monte Carlo estimates for the sensitivities of this instrument are encouraging. However, there are technical challenges of cooling large volumes of Ge and providing the large number of spectroscopy channels. We also show that with only two Compton scatter interactions followed by a third interaction, the incident gamma ray energy and direction cone can be precisely determined in detectors with excellent energy and position resolution. Full energy deposition is not required We present a promising concept for a high efficiency Compton instrument for which thick silicon strip detectors might be preferred. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 789 EP 793 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800149 ER PT S AU Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Luke, PN Momayezi, M Warburton, WK AF Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Luke, PN Momayezi, M Warburton, WK BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Position sensitive germanium detectors for the advanced compton telescope SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE AB The nuclear line region of the gamma ray spectrum remains one of the most challenging and elusive goals of high energy astrophysics. The scientific objectives are well defined, but require well over a factor of 10 increase in sensitivity compared to present day instruments to be achieved. The most promising approach to achieve this sensitivity and a broad range of scientific objectives is offered by an Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) that would function in the 0.5 to 30 MeV energy range. The ACT builds on the successful COMPTEL instrument on NASA's Gamma Ray Observatory by substituting modern detectors with over an order of magnitude better energy and spatial resolution. Germanium detectors are a natural choice, as they are available in large volumes, provide the best possible energy resolution, and are capable of fine spatial resolution. These improvements alone provide the required gain in sensitivity. Further optimization and the use of more sophisticated techniques promise even greater improvements. We discuss the current status of the germanium detector technology. New results from the characterization of a crossed strip detector using amorphous-germanium contacts and a demonstration of three-dimensional position resolution are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kroeger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 794 EP 798 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800150 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Geltmacher, AB AF DeGiorgi, VG Geltmacher, AB BE Gobin, PF Friend, CM TI Variations in mode shape for sensor placement in health monitoring systems SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials CY MAY 22-24, 2000 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, Scottish Enterprise, Greater Glasgow & Clyde Valley Tourist Board, IEE, IMechE DE damage identification; damage detection; situation awareness; smart structures; finite element AB A generalization for a two-tier approach to damage identification based on structural performance and levels or magnitude of damage is presented. The two tiers are defined as health or damage monitoring and situation assessment. Damage monitoring involves the inspection of a structure for continual degradation caused by accumulated damage. Situation assessment results from a known incident with a high probably of damage. Initial work on damage monitoring of structural components examines the response of a flat plate as the first step in a series of analyses that will address more complex structures. Damage is included in the computational study in the form of damage to joints such as weld lines. Trends in local and global responses have been evaluated in order to develop an understanding of the implications of varying amounts of damage in the joints on structural response. Numerical based visualization techniques are used to isolate regions of mode shape variation with increasing damage. Implications and use of the developed techniques for monitoring and sensor placement requirements are noted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mulifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mulifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3710-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4073 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.396392 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Robotics; Optics SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Materials Science; Mechanics; Robotics; Optics GA BR41Q UT WOS:000166341600015 ER PT B AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Ou, M AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Ou, M BE Bermudez, A Gomez, D Hazard, C Joly, P Roberts, JE TI Implementation of the method of variation of boundaries for three-dimensional objects in a waveguide SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL ASPECTS OF WAVE PROPAGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN SP Univ Santiago Compostela, Inst Natl Rech, Informat & Automat, Soc Ind & Appl Math ID DIFFRACTION PROBLEMS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; GRATINGS; OCEAN AB The Method of Variation of Boundaries MVB[2, 3, 4, 5] has been used in space for determining the shape of an unknown object from measured values of the acoustic field generated by scattering of an incident wave by the object. In this paper we use this method for a fully three-dimensional object in a wave guide. In previous papers we have used MVB to generate the field and the Intersecting Canonical Body Approach ICBA [6], [9] to construct the object. The main effort for developing an algorithm consists of constructing recurrence relations for the coefficients in the representation of the scattered field. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-470-2 PY 2000 BP 482 EP 488 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mathematics GA BT44A UT WOS:000173025500089 ER PT S AU Yater, JE Shih, A Katzer, DS AF Yater, JE Shih, A Katzer, DS BE Chalamala, BR Friend, RH Jackson, TN Libsch, FR TI Secondary electron emission studies of diamond and GaN materials SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS AND SENSORS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors-Principles, Materials and Processes held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Kurt J Lesker Co, Motorola Inc, Omicron Associates, Univ Maryland, Univ N Texas, Varian Vacuum Prod ID AFFINITY SURFACES; CESIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; FILMS AB Secondary electron emission spectroscopy is used to examine the transport and emission of low-energy electrons in several wide bandgap materials. In particular, the secondary emission properties of C(100), C(111), and CVD diamond samples are compared in order to examine the effect of crystallographic orientation on the emission characteristics. Very high yields are obtained from hydrogenated and cesiated negative-electron-affinity surfaces of all three samples, indicating that low-energy electrons are transported and emitted very efficiently in the diamond materials. While the energy distribution of the emitted electrons is found to be sharply peaked at low energy for all three samples, the energy distributions measured from the C(111) surfaces are broader and reveal structure in the energy gap. The different emission processes at the C(100) and C(111) surfaces may account for the energy distributions observed from the polycrystalline CVD diamond. Finally, initial secondary emission measurements are taken from GaN and AlGaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The secondary emission is not as strong as from the diamond samples, and the measurements reveal the impact of interface and surface barriers on the emission process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-465-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 558 BP 551 EP 562 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ34L UT WOS:000088056900079 ER PT S AU Jensen, KL Gohl, A Muller, G AF Jensen, KL Gohl, A Muller, G BE Chalamala, BR Friend, RH Jackson, TN Libsch, FR TI Analysis of measured I(V) relations for electron emission from insulating diamond films on various Si substrates SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS AND SENSORS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors-Principles, Materials and Processes held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Kurt J Lesker Co, Motorola Inc, Omicron Associates, Univ Maryland, Univ N Texas, Varian Vacuum Prod ID FIELD-EMISSION; EMITTERS AB In this work, we shall analyze the performance of a geometrical interface roughness model to estimate current from p-type silicon into insulating diamond and compare the performance of that model to experimental data. A minimum number of adjustable parameters are invoked. While the model qualitatively accounts for trends in the experimental data, in particular, the shift from negative to positive slope on a Fowler Nordheim plot of the I(V) data, it does so at the expense of demanding ellipsoid parameters that appear to be unreasonable. We therefore conclude that a simple geometrical field enhancement model of interface roughness is insufficient to account for the current observed, and thus the theory must be augmented by a more comprehensive electron transport model at the interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-465-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 558 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ34L UT WOS:000088056900086 ER PT S AU Vignola, JF Morse, SF Liu, X Sekaric, L Houston, BH Photiadis, DM AF Vignola, JF Morse, SF Liu, X Sekaric, L Houston, BH Photiadis, DM BE Tomasini, EP TI Laser Doppler method for made identification on micro-oscillators SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 21-23, 2000 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dept Meccan DE laser vibrometry; micro-oscillators; MEMS devices ID FILMS; RESONANCE; INTENSITY; PLATES AB The mechanical motion of a new class of micro-mechanical devices, known as micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) oscillators, is examined using the laser Doppler technique. Currently, experimental methods based on capacitance, induction, and Fabry-Perot interferometry are used to find resonance frequencies and to establish quality factors or Q's. The technique described in this paper is capable of distinguishing mode shapes, yielding calibrated displacements, and revealing the existence of flexural modes, in addition to finding resonance frequencies and establishing Q's as the other techniques do. Because full-field laser vibrometry measurements provide an understanding of the modal composition of the systems, it can be used to refine the design and construction of these devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vignola@lpsa2.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3709-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4072 BP 422 EP 433 DI 10.1117/12.386724 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics; Optics GA BQ54D UT WOS:000088696200046 ER PT B AU Gelaro, R Reynolds, CA Langland, RH Rohaly, GD AF Gelaro, R Reynolds, CA Langland, RH Rohaly, GD GP AMS AMS TI A predictability study using geostationary satellite wind observations during NORPEX SO FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gelaro, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS02X UT WOS:000168377700047 ER PT B AU Mozurkewich, D AF Mozurkewich, D BE Bergeron, J Renzini, A TI High precision interferometry with the NPOI SO FROM EXTRASOLAR PLANETS TO COSMOLOGY: THE VLT OPENING SYMPOSIUM SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VTL Opening Symposium CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE SP Univ Catolica Norte C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mozurkewich, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67163-3 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2000 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1007/10720961_68 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ39H UT WOS:000088231200068 ER PT S AU Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Mei, WN Duan, CG Flocken, JW Guenther, RA Hardy, JR Stokes, HT Edwardson, PJ AF Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Mei, WN Duan, CG Flocken, JW Guenther, RA Hardy, JR Stokes, HT Edwardson, PJ BE Cohen, RE TI Predicted properties of NaCaF3 SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Aspen-Center-for-Physics Winter Workshop on Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 13-20, 2000 CL ASPEN, CO SP USN, Off Res, Carnegie Inst Washington, DARPA, Aspen Ctr Phys ID ATOMIC DEFORMATION MODEL; FERROELECTRICITY AB More than a decade ago computer simulation based on Gordon-Kim potentials suggested that NaCaF3 would be a ferroelectric compound if it could be formed experimentally. Recently attempts to form thin films of NaCaF3 using pulsed-laser deposition have promoted us to carry out further theoretical studies of this material. Here we apply the self-consistent atomic deformation method to calculate electronic, structural and vibrational properties of NaCaF3 and the constituent compounds NaF and CaF2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boyer, LL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-959-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 535 BP 364 EP 371 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR27C UT WOS:000165986600042 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI External shock model for gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID BLAST-WAVE MODEL; VARIABILITY AB The hard X-ray and gamma -ray phenomenology of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be explained by an external shock model where a single relativistic blast wave interacts with the surrounding medium. Besides reproducing the generic spectral behavior of GRB profiles, the external shock model provides quantitative fits to the peak flux distribution, the > 1 s t(50) duration distribution, and the distribution of the peaks E(pk) of the nuF(nu) spectra of GRBs measured with BATSE. The apparent paradox between a relativistic beaming scenario and the empirical finding that E(pk) values are preferentially measured within the triggering range of a GRB detector is resolved by this model when blast wave physics and detector triggering criteria are taken into account. Some surprising implications follow, namely that the fireball event rate is similar to 1 per 10(4) years per Milky Way galaxy for unbeamed sources, and proportionally more if fireball outflows are collimated. This is similar to 3 orders of magnitude larger than normally quoted. Most of the clean and dirty fireball transients are undetected due to telescope sensitivity and design limitations. Strongly variable GRB time histories with good radiative efficiencies are possible because of the strongly enhanced emissions when a blast wave interacts with density inhomogeneities located nearly along the line-of-sight to the observer. Arguments against short timescale variability in an external shock model are answered, and difficulties in an internal shock/colliding shell model are mentioned. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 431 EP 440 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400081 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Bottcher, M Chiang, J AF Dermer, CD Bottcher, M Chiang, J BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Comparisons between analytic and numerical calculations of GRB spectra SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; BLAST-WAVE MODEL; SYNCHROTRON; EMISSION AB Formulas of Sari, Piran, and Narayan for the spectral energy distributions of gamma-ray burst blast waves are extended to include synchrotron self-absorption and Compton scattering and, given a simple numerical integration, to apply to general radiative regimes. The expressions are compared with detailed numerical simulation results and are most accurate (within a factor of similar to 3) in the optical/X-ray regime during the afterglow phase. Comparison of spectral energy distributions are made for the parameters used by Wijers and Galama to fit GRB 970508. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400088 ER PT S AU Crider, A AF Crider, A BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Evaluating spectral functions used to test the synchrotron shock model SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB Analyses of time-resolved BATSE spectra, deconvolved using the Band GRB spectral function, reveal inconsistencies with the synchrotron shock model (SSM) for gamma-ray bursts. However, we discover here that by instead deconvolving spectra using a smoothly-broken power law (SBPL) function, a vast majority of bursts are consistent with the SSM and do not violate the "line of death". To resolve these discrepant conclusions, we compare both empirical functions to true synchrotron spectra and conclude that the Band GRB function is better suited for testing the SSM. This suggests that without some form of absorption, the SSM is still in conflict with observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crider, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 475 EP 479 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400089 ER PT S AU Vrba, FJ Harris, HC Canzian, B Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Hartmann, DH Jennings, MC Kippen, RM AF Vrba, FJ Harris, HC Canzian, B Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Hartmann, DH Jennings, MC Kippen, RM BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Rapid, deep GRB observations with the US Naval Observatory 1.3-m wide-field telescope SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID GAMMA-RAY BURST AB An automated, wide-field, 1.3-m aperture optical telescope was recently commissioned at the U.S. Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station. Employing a multi-filter camera with six SITe 2048x4096 CCDs, it has a field of view of approximately 1.4 degrees x 1.0 degrees with 0.6" pixelization. It is capable of imaging at V = 21 mag with S/N = 10 in less than 20 s of integration. While it will be employed primarily for astrometric observations, it is planned to be used also for GRB counterpart searches. The combination of automated operation, moderate aperture, large field of view, and small pixelization should allow for systematic and deeper searches than have previously been attempted, for example, of LOCBURST positions. Examination of GRB localizations that are not x-ray selected may reveal new counterpart properties. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Vrba, FJ (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 741 EP 745 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400138 ER PT S AU Vrba, FJ Luginbuhl, CB Henden, AA Guetter, HH Hartmann, DH AF Vrba, FJ Luginbuhl, CB Henden, AA Guetter, HH Hartmann, DH BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Search for photometric variability in the vicinity of SGR 1900+14 and discovery of a high-mass cluster SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID SGR-1900+14 AB A pair of spectroscopically nearly identical M supergiant stars were proposed [1] as possible counterparts to SGR 1900+14 based on positional coincidences with gamma-ray and x-ray localizations. Whether these stars or the nearby fading radio source [9] are associated with SGR 1900+14 is not yet clear. We obtained I- and J-band photometric observations of the M stars with 10 to 120 second time resolution obtained on 16 nights before and during the active phase of SGR 1900+14 beginning in June 1998. Despite more than 54,000 seconds of integration time, no observations were obtained within an hour of a gamma-ray burst event. No short term variability was found for any object within the ROSAT error circle to I less than or equal to 24.5, although an unrelated eclipsing binary was discovered just outside the ROSAT circle. PSF subtraction of the bright M stars reveals a previously hidden compact star cluster. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Vrba, FJ (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400151 ER PT S AU Spence, GD Hyndman, RD Chapman, NR Walia, R Gettrust, J Edwards, RN AF Spence, GD Hyndman, RD Chapman, NR Walia, R Gettrust, J Edwards, RN BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI North Cascadia deep sea gas hydrates SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; MARGIN AB The Cascadia accretionary margin off Vancouver Island is one of the best studied margins world-wide for the determination of in situ properties of marine gas hydrates. Most quantitative information has come from cores and downhole logs of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 146 and from extensive seismic and other geophysical surveys. As part of the ODP site surveys, large-offset multichannel seismic lines outlined the regional distribution of hydrate, and seismic velocity analyses coupled with full waveform inversion provided estimates of the vertical distribution of hydrate and gas. High resolution single-channel seismic surveys indicate correlations between hydrate/gas concentrations and topographic highs, and between geothermal flux and topography; these correlations provide insight into fluid and methane flow through the sediments. A deep-towed multichannel seismic survey (DTAGS), together with other data from 20-600 Hz, provide constraints on gradients at the base of the hydrate and gas Layer, Extensive heat flow measurements, from probes and from depths of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), have been modelled numerically, including the regional effects of sediment thickening and advective fluid flow in the accretionary prism, Other geophysical surveys include several seafloor electrical sounding experiments and seafloor compliance measurements of hydrate. ODP drilling has provided valuable downhole log data, core physical property data, and detailed pore fluid chemistry and isotopes, Several semi-independent estimates of hydrate and gas concentrations have been obtained; all are dependent on reference sediment properties for which no hydrate and no gas is present. From a vertical seismic profile and other seismic data, the velocity increase in a hydrated region is consistent with hydrate concentrations of 20-30% of the pore space in a 100-m interval above the BSR, Similar values are determined from log resistivity data and from core pore fluid chlorinity. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Spence, GD (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 65 EP 75 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900007 ER PT S AU Max, MD John, VT Pellenbarg, RE AF Max, MD John, VT Pellenbarg, RE BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Methane hydrate fuel storage for all-electric ships - An opportunity for technological innovation SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE AB New industrial processes for forming methane hydrate, combined with the knowledge that small changes in gas hydrate-forming mixtures can greatly expand the pressure-temperature field of hydrate stability, suggest that virtually solid gas hydrates can be formed and stored in fuel tanks of any shape at near sea level ambient conditions. Development of this technology may allow a gas hydrate fuel transport medium to be devised and applied. Reduction-to-practice of this special fuel storage medium could have a significant impact upon the design and engineering of future Navy vessels and concurrently upon the future of naval operations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Max, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7420, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI John, Vijay/G-3747-2010 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 460 EP 473 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900048 ER PT S AU Irvin, G Li, SC Simmons, B John, V McPherson, G Max, M Pellenbarg, R AF Irvin, G Li, SC Simmons, B John, V McPherson, G Max, M Pellenbarg, R BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Control of gas hydrate formation using surfactant systems - Underlying concepts and new applications SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID REVERSED MICELLES; DEEP OCEAN; CLATHRATE; CARBON; CO2 AB We describe some new approaches to the rapid formation of gas hydrates using surfactant systems that form reverse micelles, The thermodynamics of hydrate formation in surfactant containing reverse micellar systems indicate the possibility of controlling hydrate deposition. The use of reverse micellar systems also allows the deposition of hydrates in the form of small crystallites that do not aggregate, Surfactants also appear to displace agglomerated hydrates from surfaces, thereby facilitating flow. Direct injection of water into gas saturated liquid hydrocarbons leads to rapid hydrate formation. On the other hand, water droplets injected into Liquid carbon dioxide indicate a gradual conversion to the hydrate form with the initial formation of a hydrate skin, An interesting application of rapid hydrate formation is its use in the restriction of inorganic nanocluster growth. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP John, V (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RI John, Vijay/G-3747-2010; OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 515 EP 526 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900053 ER PT S AU Brozena, JM Childers, VA AF Brozena, JM Childers, VA BE Schwarz, KP TI The NRL airborne geophysics program SO GEODESY BEYOND 2000: THE CHALLENGES OF THE FIRST DECADE SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th General Assembly of the International-Association-of-Geodesy CY JUL 19-30, 1999 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Geodesy DE airborne gravimetry; airborne geophysics; potential fields of the Arctic Ocean AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been conducting large area, reconnaissance aerogeophysical surveys in the Arctic since 1991. In projects funded by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, the Office of Naval Research, and the National Science Foundation, NRL has surveyed all of Greenland and nearly two-thirds of the Arctic Ocean basin during the course of eight field seasons. Simultaneously, NRL has developed system and methodology improvements for airborne gravimetry. These improvements have addressed all aspects of the survey from instrumentation to aircraft operation to data processing. In this paper we address both the Arctic survey and the system improvement aspects of our aerogeophysical program. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brozena, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7421,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 3-540-67002-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2000 VL 121 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BQ14R UT WOS:000087305100021 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Chiang, J AF Dermer, CD Chiang, J BE Dingus, BL Salamon, MH Kieda, DB TI High energy radiation from gamma ray bursts SO GEV-TEV GAMMA RAY ASTROPHYSICS WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on GeV-TeV Gamma Ray Astrophysics CY AUG 13-16, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Hamamatsu Corp, NASA ID RELATIVISTIC BLAST WAVES; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; COSMIC-RAYS; EMISSION; MODEL; AFTERGLOW; ACCELERATION; ENERGETICS; FIREBALLS; PHOTONS AB Gamma-ray burst (GRB) engines are probed most intimately during the prompt gamma-ray luminous phase when the expanding blast wave is closest to the explosion center. Using GRBs 990123 and 940217 as guides, we briefly review observations of high-energy emission from GRBs and summarize some problems in GRB physics. gamma gamma transparency arguments imply relativistic beaming. The parameters that go into the external shock model are stated, and we show numerical simulation results of gamma-ray light curves from relativistic blast waves with different amounts of baryon loading. A distinct component due to the synchrotron self-Compton process produces significant emission at GeV and TeV energies. Predictions for spectral and temporal evolution at these energies are presented for a blast wave expanding into uniform surroundings. Observations of the slow decay of GeV-TeV radiation provides evidence for ultra-high energy cosmic ray acceleration in GRBs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-938-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 515 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ39A UT WOS:000088226700034 ER PT B AU Mountcastle, S Talmage, D Khan, B Marsh, S Battou, A Lee, DC AF Mountcastle, S Talmage, D Khan, B Marsh, S Battou, A Lee, DC GP IEEE IEEE TI Introducing SEAN: Signaling entity for ATM networks SO GLOBECOM '00: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 00) CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, Commun Soc, Internet Soc, ICC GLOBECOM, Telesys Software, AT&T, SPIE, Opt Networks Magazine, Net Gen Learning Syst, MathWorks Inc, Kluwer Acad Publishers, John Wiley & Sons AB SEAN is freely distributed, object-oriented, extensible software for research and development in host ATM signaling. SEAN includes a complete source-level release of the host native ATM protocol stack, and implements the ATM User Network Interface, compliant to the ITU Q.2931 specification for point-to-point calls, the ITU Q.2971 extension for point-to-multipoint calls, and the ATM Forum extension UNI-4.0 for leaf initiated join calls. SEAN provides APIs to the programmers writing application programs that require ATM signaling. Developers can easily modify and extend SEAN, using the framework library re leased together. This paper briefly describes essential parts of SEAN's architecture and guides the users and protocol developers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Adv Engn & Sci Adv Technol Grp,ITT Ind, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mountcastle, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Adv Engn & Sci Adv Technol Grp,ITT Ind, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6452-X J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2000 BP 532 EP 537 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR61A UT WOS:000166939500098 ER PT S AU Hope, AS Pickard, HM Middour, JW AF Hope, AS Pickard, HM Middour, JW BE Culp, RD Dukes, EM TI Adaptation of a spaceborne geolocation system to airborne experiments SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 2000 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 02-06, 2000 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB On August 1, 1998 the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) conducted an experiment using a High Definition Television Camera (HDTV) and a slightly modified previously space flown HERCULES geolocation system. The experiment was flown on an airship flight originating in Elizabeth City, NC. Although no strict requirements were set for the geolocation accuracy, a goal of 0.5 kilometers was adopted. Based on the space experiments and scaling those results to a low-altitude blimp flight, sub-meter accuracy should be attainable. However, time constraints prevented the level of modification and system integration that would have been required to achieve accurate results at this level. The geolocation accuracy for the examples presented vary from just over 100 meters to 655 meters. The technique used for geolocating images of Earth requires the following: Precise knowledge of the pointing direction (attitude) of the camera boresight; precise knowledge of the camera position; and an Earth model to use in determining the intersection of the camera boresight with the Earth. The changes required for collecting the geolocation parameters moving from a space based to an aircraft based system are discussed. Experiment errors and geolocation results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hope, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-468-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 104 BP 329 EP 346 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63N UT WOS:000089018600020 ER PT J AU Gherman, RB McBrayer, S Browning, J AF Gherman, RB McBrayer, S Browning, J TI Uterine rupture associated with vaginal birth after cesarean section: A complication of intravaginal misoprostol? SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE misoprostol; uterine rupture; vaginal birth after cesarean section ID LABOR INDUCTION; DELIVERY AB Intravaginal misoprostol has become increasingly employed for labor induction among patients with an unfavorable Bishop's score. Almost all of the reported studies have specifically excluded patients with prior uterine surgery. There has been, therefore, very little information concerning its usage among patients attempting vaginal birth after cesarean section. We report a patient with two prior low transverse uterine incisions who experienced uterine rupture after having received a single 25-mu g intravaginal dose of misoprostol, Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Dept OB GYN, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 2000 VL 50 IS 3 BP 212 EP 213 DI 10.1159/000010303 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 363TP UT WOS:000089850900016 PM 11014958 ER PT B AU Doschek, GA AF Doschek, GA BE Ramaty, R Mandzhavidze, N TI The electron temperature and fine structure of soft X-ray solar flares SO HIGH ENERGY SOLAR PHYSICS - ANTICIPATING HESSI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Solar Physics - Anticipating HESSI CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD SP Goddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV MARYLAND ID YOHKOH AB I discuss the determination of the electron temperature of the soft X-ray emitting component of solar flares. I illustrate the discussion by focussing on the typically different temperatures deduced from images recorded by the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yokhoh and the temperatures deduced from iron-line spectra recorded by the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) package an Yohkoh. The results of temperature measurements indicate that the soft X-ray flare is composed of a fine structure on a spatial scale of about 1 " and perhaps less. The detailed results of the Yohkoh work have been published recently by Doschek (1999). C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-033-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 206 BP 204 EP 209 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80Q UT WOS:000089621000029 ER PT B AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ BE Ramaty, R Mandzhavidze, N TI Gamma ray spectroscopy in the pre-HESSI era SO HIGH ENERGY SOLAR PHYSICS - ANTICIPATING HESSI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Solar Physics - Anticipating HESSI CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD SP Goddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV MARYLAND ID SOLAR-FLARE; JUNE 11; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; DIRECTIVITY; PARTICLES; DEPENDENCE; LINE; SUN AB HESSI will provide the high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy not available in early missions. In spite of these spectral limitations the experiments on SMM, Yohkoh, GRANAT and the Compton. Gamma Ray Observatory have provided data for fundamental discoveries over the past decades relating to particle acceleration, transport and energetics in flares and to the ambient abundance of the corona and chromosphere. These include: 1) enhancement in the concentration of low FIP elements where accelerated particles interact, 2) a new line ratio for deriving the spectra of accelerated particles less than or similar to 10 MeV, 3) energies in accelerated ions that exceed those in electrons for some flares, 4) a highly variable ion to electron ratio during flares, 5) concentration of He-3 in flare-accelerated particles enhanced by a factor of greater than or similar to 1000 over its photospheric value, 6) an accelerated alpha/p ratio > 0.1 in several flares and evidence for high ambient He-4 in some hares, 7) measurements of the positronium fraction and a temperature-broadened 511 keV line width, 8) new information on the directionality of electrons, protons, and heavy ions and/or on the homogeneity of the interaction region, and 9) the spectrum of broadened gamma-ray lines emitted by accelerated heavy ions that indicates Fe enhancements consistent with those observed in solar energetic particles. We discuss some of these and also new developments. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-033-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 206 BP 377 EP 386 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80Q UT WOS:000089621000062 ER PT B AU Murphy, RJ Share, GH Yoshimori, M AF Murphy, RJ Share, GH Yoshimori, M BE Ramaty, R Mandzhavidze, N TI Simultaneous observations of solar flares with CGRO/OSSE and Yohkoh/WBS SO HIGH ENERGY SOLAR PHYSICS - ANTICIPATING HESSI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Solar Physics - Anticipating HESSI CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD SP Goddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV MARYLAND ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES AB Yohkoh and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) are the only satellites currently measuring of gamma radiation from solar flares. In this paper we present preliminary results of a cross-calibration of the Yohkoh/Wide Band Spectrometer (WBS) and the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on CGRO. Except for one flare whose spectrum was very hard, total flux measurements by the two instruments agreed. Differences of narrow-line fluxes are probably attributable to the poorer energy resolution of the Yohkoh/WBS. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-033-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 206 BP 387 EP 392 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80Q UT WOS:000089621000063 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA Kohler, LK AF Shifler, DA Kohler, LK BE McNallan, M Opila, E Maruyama, T Narita, T TI Hot corrosion resistance of sprayed-formed high-chromium nickel-based alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Per Kofstad Memorial Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 1999 Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochem-Soc/Electrochem-Soc-of-Japan CY NOV, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan AB Blackwater is produced on a typical ship from liquid domestic wastes generated by personnel. Because of shipboard space and weight limitations for containing these waste and current and projected environmental regulations, it is necessary to consider on-board waste treatment processes coupled with the discharge of environmentally acceptable effluents. Current shipboard incinerators used in the disposal of blackwater utilize Alloy 690 (30Cr-9Fe-Ni-bal.) operating at a peak temperature of 1400 degrees F (760 degrees C). Higher temperatures (1800 degrees F (980 degrees C)) are required for the performance of a truly "multifinctional" incinerator. However, nickel alloys containing more than 30 percent Cr are extremely difficult to fabricate by conventional hot working processes because of the development of a brittle alpha chromium phase. In addition, high-chromium nickel based alloys are susceptible to a decrease in ductility after exposure to elevated service temperatures. Various grain-refined fabricable Ni-Cr alloys containing 30 to 50 weight percent chromium were produced via the spray-forming process. The hot corrosion resistance and thermal stability of these Ni-Cr alloys were examined and discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 613,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-261-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 38 BP 282 EP 293 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BQ40E UT WOS:000088255400025 ER PT B AU Wuchina, EJ Opeka, MM AF Wuchina, EJ Opeka, MM BE McNallan, M Opila, E Maruyama, T Narita, T TI Oxidation of Hf-based ceramics SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Per Kofstad Memorial Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 1999 Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochem-Soc/Electrochem-Soc-of-Japan CY NOV, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan AB A systematic study of the oxidation behavior of HfC, HfN, and HfB2 is currently being pursued, This investigation involves the processing and testing of a variety of pure (including substoichiometric compositions) and alloyed Hf compounds (Ta,W,V), The effects of the alloying additions on the oxide scale formation will be described. The approach to this investigation involves testing under furnace(1500 degrees C, 1 atm.) and arcjet (2000-2400 degrees C, .01 atm) conditions. An interphase was discovered at the oxide/carbide interface in HfC,, both in the low-temperature furnace test and the higher temperature are-jet test. This layer was identified as carbon in the low-temperature samples; the interlayer in are-jet tested samples has tentatively been identified as hafnium oxycarbide. preferential attack of grain boundaries during furnace oxidation was observed by x-ray mapping. This provides a potential explanation for the superior low-temperature oxidation performance of substoichiometric carbides and nitrides - the larger grain size of these materials translates into fewer diffusion paths, lowering the oxidation rate. At higher temperatures, bulk diffusion likely plays a larger role, and grain boundary processes are overwhelmed by the bulk properties. Under normal oxidation conditions, HfC, HfN, and HfB2 oxidize to produce both a solid (but porous) oxide scale and a gaseous byproduct that diffuses through the scale to the outer surface. However, by lowering the gas volume (or lower P-CO) generated at the interface via substoichiometric compositions (example, HfC.67), the pore channels were reduced in both number and size, allowing the as-formed scale to sinter to full density. It is believed that this discovery can lead to lowering oxidation rates by forcing solid-state diffusion control. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wuchina, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-261-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 38 BP 477 EP 488 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BQ40E UT WOS:000088255400044 ER PT B AU Paris, C Johnston, JH Reeves, D AF Paris, C Johnston, JH Reeves, D BE McCann, C Pigeau, R TI A schema-based approach to measuring team decision making in a Navy Combat Information Center SO HUMAN IN COMMAND: EXPLORING THE MODERN MILITARY EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on the Human in Command CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL, KINGSTON, JAMAICA SP NATO Res Technol Org HO CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46366-0 PY 2000 BP 263 EP 278 PG 16 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BR36Z UT WOS:000166198300019 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, AJ AF Van Nevel, AJ BE Casasent, DP Tescher, AG TI Texture classification using level set features SO HYBRID IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hybrid Image and Signal Processing VII CY APR 25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE texture classification; level sets; rotation invariant ID SEGMENTATION AB Texture classification is a deceptively simple problem which allows for a multitude of approaches. Many of these methods often are computationally intensive, since they rely on multiscale filtering to develop a feature vector that can be used as an input to a classifier. In this paper, a new feature vector derived from the level sets of a texture is used to discriminate between textures. The new approach is very simple computationally, and provides excellent results. In addition, use of level sets results in a feature which is rotationally invariant. C1 USN, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Weapons Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3670-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4044 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.391933 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75N UT WOS:000089403600005 ER PT S AU Ly, LN O'Connor, WP Paduan, JD AF Ly, LN O'Connor, WP Paduan, JD BE Blain, WR Brebbia, CA TI A barotropic simulation of semi-diurnal and diurnal tides for the Monterey Bay region SO HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING SOFTWARE VIII SE WATER STUDIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Hydraulic Engineering Software (Hydrosoft 2000) CY JUN 12-14, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Coimbra, IMAR ID TIDAL CURRENTS; CIRCULATION AB A barotropic tidal model is developed for the Monterey Bay (MOB) region, based on the multi-block grid code but using only a single-block grid. The model has realistic bathymetry with high resolution of 2 km x 2 km and covers a domain of 160 km x 160 km. The model is forced on the boundaries by four semi-diurnal (M2,S2,N2,K2) and four diurnal (K1,O1,P1,Q1) tidal constituents. The model study covers the one-month period of June 1996, and comparisons are made between the model output water levels and the tide gauge station data from Monterey, Moss Landing, and Santa Cruz. The model is used to study barotropic tides and their sensitivity to various open boundary conditions (OBC). Two common OBC, the clamped and the Reid and Bodine (RB) conditions, and a modified RE OBC are used to study barotropic tides. It is found that the barotropic model tide in the MOB region is very sensitive to the OBC. The two commonly used OBC reproduce the surface elevation reasonably well, but do not filter out long wave energy from the interior of the model domain for the MOB region. They may work well for shallow water applications, but changes are required for regions with steep bathymetry. For the MOB region the modified OBC developed in this study gives better results than the two commonly used OBC. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ly, LN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6071 BN 1-85312-814-7 J9 WAT STUD SER PY 2000 VL 7 BP 155 EP 169 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BR42Y UT WOS:000166375500015 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Montes, MJ Davis, CO AF Gao, BC Montes, MJ Davis, CO BE Frouin, RJ Kawamura, H Kishino, M TI Removal of atmospheric effects from hyperspectral imaging data for remote sensing of coastal waters SO HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Ocean CY OCT 09-11, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP SPIE, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tohoku Inst Technol, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, TRW DE imaging spectrometer; ocean color; atmospheric correction ID ALGORITHM; SATELLITE; AIRBORNE; AVIRIS; OCEANS; CODE AB Existing atmospheric correction algorithms for multi-channel remote sensing of ocean color from space were designed for retrieving water leaving radiances in the visible over clear deep ocean areas. The information about atmospheric aerosols is derived from channels between 0.66 and 0.87 mum, where the water leaving radiances are dose to zero. The derived aerosol information is extrapolated back to the visible when retrieving water leaving radiances from remotely sensed data. For the turbid coastal environment, the water leaving radiances for the 0.66-mum channel may not be close to zero because of back scattering by suspended materials in the water. This channel may not be useful for deriving information on atmospheric aerosols. As a result, the algorithms developed for applications to clear ocean waters cannot be easily modified to retrieve water leaving radiances from remotely sensed data measured over the coastal environments. We have developed an atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of ocean color with the near-future Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS). The algorithm uses lookup tables generated with a vector radiative transfer code. Aerosol parameters are determined by a spectrum-matching technique utilizing channels located at wavelengths longer than 0.86 mum. The aerosol information is extracted back to the visible based on aerosol models during our retrieval of water leaving radiances. Quite reasonable results have been obtained when applying our algorithm to process hyperspectral imaging data acquired with an airborne imaging spectrometer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3807-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4154 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BS06W UT WOS:000168538500004 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Arabnia, HR TI Genetic algorithm based optimization of a fuzzy logic resource manager: Data mining and co-evolution SO IC-AI'2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci, Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, PDPTA, World Sci & Engn Soc DE data mining; fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM AB A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. The platforms can be very general, e.g.. ships, planes, robots, land based facilities, etc. Potential foes the platforms deal with can also be general. This paper describes data mining activities related to development of the resource manager with a focus on generic algorithm based optimization. The use of a database of scenarios prevents the algorithm from having too narrow a range of behaviors, i.e., it creates a more robust solution. The approach to optimization is a type of co-evolution, ie., both friend and foe agents simultaneously adapt within a complicated environment perceived through various sensors such as: radar, electronic support measures, etc. New rule classes and the five components of the resource manager are discussed. Finally an example of the resource manager's response is provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-59-9 PY 2000 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BS04Y UT WOS:000168455000057 ER PT B AU Metzbower, EA Lambrakos, SG Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Metzbower, EA Lambrakos, SG Bhadeshia, HKDH BE Christensen, P TI HAZ hardness in laser beam welds SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer ID GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; MODEL AB The thermal profiles that result from a numerical model of laser beam welding are used to calculate the hardness in the heat-affected zone of two 10-mm-thick BS4360 50D steel welds. The numerical model assumes a cylindrical keyhole with the same radius as that of the incident laser beam. The temperature at the keyhole/liquid interface is assumed to be the vaporization temperature of the steel. The numerical model adopts liquid/solid boundary data as constraints on a system matrix representation of the equation of heat conduction. The influence of convection, the temperature dependence of material properties and any incomplete information concerning material properties, including the coefficient of surface tension of the liquid metal, is taken into account by the numerical model by means of constrained optimization of the system matrix elements. Thermal profiles were calculated across the fusion and heat-affected zones. The laser beam welds were full penetration welds and were made at two different laser powers at the test piece (4.5 and 9 kW) and two different welding speeds (5 and 20 mm/s), respectively. Hardness traverse were made across the fusion and heat-affected zones. The experimental hardness values were compared to calculated values. The calculated values were based on the chemistry of the steel and the calculated thermal profiles. The agreement between the experimental and calculated values is good. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP E138 EP E145 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200115 ER PT B AU Kang, MH Froscher, JN AF Kang, MH Froscher, JN GP IEEE IEEE TI A framework for secure enterprise computing SO IEEE 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies - Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 2000) CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, W Virginia Univ, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, Linkoping Univ, Sweden HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE enterprise computing; security AB Distributed computing that supports cooperation among enterprises tends to be large and complex. Hence, it is not a trivial task to make enterprise computing secure and flexible. We have developed a prototype that supports flexible, secure, and recoverable enterprise computing. In this paper, we briefly describe the prototype secure enterprise application-building tool. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kang, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0798-0 PY 2000 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.1109/ENABL.2000.883732 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ99P UT WOS:000165310400037 ER PT B AU Julier, S Lanzagorta, M Baillot, Y Rosenblum, L Feiner, S Hollerer, T Sestito, S AF Julier, S Lanzagorta, M Baillot, Y Rosenblum, L Feiner, S Hollerer, T Sestito, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Information filtering for mobile augmented reality SO IEEE AND ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AUGMENTED REALITY, PROCEEDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR 2000) CY OCT 05-06, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Rockwell Sci Ctr, Boeing Co, Siemens Corp Res, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Human Ctr Informat Syst, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Wear Informat Syst AB Augmented reality is a potentially powerful paradigm for annotating the environment with computer-generated material. These benefits will be evert greater when augmented reality systems become mobile and wearable. However to minimize the problem of clutter and maximize the effectiveness of the display, algorithms must be developed to select only the most important information for the user: in this paper we describe a region-based information filtering algorithm. The algorithm takes account of the state of the user (location and intent) and the state of individual objects about which information can be presented. It can dynamically respond to changes in the environment and the user's state. We also describe how simple temporal, distance and angle cues can be used to refine the transitions between different information sets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Julier, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0846-4 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1109/ISAR.2000.880917 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR18S UT WOS:000165825700004 ER PT B AU Tyo, JS AF Tyo, JS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Maximization of information content in polarimetric measurements SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4: TRANSMITTING WAVES OF PROGRESS TO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 16-21, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Agilent Technol, Hewlett Packard Co, Kennecott Utah Copper, L 3 Commun, Moog Inc, Motorola, Raytheon Syst Co ID TARGET DETECTION; MEDIA C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6370-1 PY 2000 BP 670 EP 673 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ87W UT WOS:000089912900166 ER PT J AU Rosenblum, L AF Rosenblum, L TI Virtual and augmented reality 2020 SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosenblum, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 38 EP 39 DI 10.1109/38.814551 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 268RX UT WOS:000084430300015 ER PT J AU Green, MD Rice, JA AF Green, MD Rice, JA TI Channel-tolerant FH-MFSK acoustic signaling for undersea communications and networks SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE error correction coding; underwater acoustic communications AB Undersea acoustic channels can exhibit multipath propagation with impulse-response duration and coherence time both of the order of tens to hundreds of milliseconds, Signal reception is further impaired by the presence of time-varying nonwhite ambient-noise spectra having a dynamic range of 30 dB or more, Acoustic communication requires appropriate waveform design and associated signal processing to accommodate these adverse transmission characteristics while also providing desired performance features such as low-probability-of-detection (LPD) and multi-access networking, Adaptive-equalization techniques provide good performance only for channels with stable multipaths and high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) accommodating the signaling rates needed to sample and compensate for rapid changes, An alternative approach is to design for robustness against channel fluctuations. This paper describes a channel-tolerant approach identified as "telesonar type-B signaling.'' The technique has been designed to accommodate network architectures requiring multiple access to the channel while simultaneously providing covertness and energy efficiency. Specialized frequency-hopped M-ary frequency-shift-keg (FH-MFSK) waveforms are combined with related signal processing, including nonlinear adaptive techniques to mitigate the effects of all types of interference. This effectively results in a channel that has uniformly distributed noise in both time and frequency, Powerful error-correction coding permits low SNR transmissions, Nonbinary, long-constraint-length, convolutional coding and related sequential decoding is a classical solution for difficult low-rate channels. The probability of bit errors below 10(-10) is obtainable, even in Rayleigh-faded channels near the computational cutoff rate, and the probability of failure to decode frames of data is extremely small. Both simulations and analyses of at-sea experiments demonstrate the performance of this noncoherent approach to reliable acoustic communications. C1 Torrey Sci Corp, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Datason Inc, Cataumet, MA 02534 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1109/48.820734 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 281DH UT WOS:000085142500004 ER PT J AU Maeda, H Ura, T Wernli, R Healey, AJ AF Maeda, H Ura, T Wernli, R Healey, AJ TI Guest editorial - Special Issue on Underwater Technology '98 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo 106, Japan. Space & Naval Wargare Syst Ctr, Ocean Syst Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maeda, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, 7-22-1 Roppongi, Tokyo 106, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 95 EP 96 DI 10.1109/JOE.2000.820740 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 281DH UT WOS:000085142500010 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Method for appraising radar image artifacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID INVERSE PROBLEMS AB Expert systems are typically used to isolate radar image artifacts associated with dispersive and/or multiple target subscatterers. These subjective, methods may overlook subtle image errors like intensity variations of (correctly positioned) image elements. A more objective approach-based on nonlinear Backus-Gilbert theory-shows how some of the traditional weaknesses might be avoided. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, Code 4T4400D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1109/7.826338 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292JY UT WOS:000085791800032 ER PT J AU Lin, CS AF Lin, CS TI Modulations of laser signals by water waves observed by a boxcar integrator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE data acquisition; lasers; remote sensing ID OCEAN AB This paper describes a new measurement technique for active remote sensing of water waves using a lidar. To demonstrate this technique, a series of experiments studying interactions of lasts pulses with water waves was performed in an NRL wave tank. This technique used a commercially available boxcar integrator to sample IR laser pulses reflected from water waves, These water waves were generated either by artificial winds or a mechanical paddle in the wave tank. The boxcar integrator samples these laser waveforms as a function of windspeeds and paddle frequencies. This paper describes the experimental technique, the measurements, and the data analyses. For wind-generated water waves, results of the data analyses show that lidar-detected laser energies and the lidar-detected water-wave frequencies are functions of windspeeds. For paddle waves, the measurement data show that the laser backscattering cross-section from a water wave is a function of height positions within the water wave. The measurement data successfully demonstrate a boxcar-integrator waveform-sampling technique as an alternative technique to, and possible improvement over, a conventional waveform digitizer, The potential application of this technique in active remote sensing is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7220, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1109/36.823912 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283XF UT WOS:000085300800017 ER PT J AU Bobak, JP Ruf, CS AF Bobak, JP Ruf, CS TI Improvements and complications involved with adding an 85-GHz channel to cloud liquid water radiometers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE clouds; microwave measurement; radiometry ID RETRIEVE VAPOR; 183 GHZ; MICROWAVE; STRATOCUMULUS; LAYERS; RADAR; RANGE; MODEL; SSM/I; ICE AB The improvement in cloud-liquid estimates by a microwave radiometer with the addition of measurements at 85 GHz is quantified. Atmospheric emission is simulated from radiosonde data at frequencies commonly used by ground-based water-vapor radiometers (22.235 and 31.65 GHz) and also at 85.5 GHz, Retrieval algorithms are developed from opacities based on full Mie extinction by cloud droplets and under an assumption that ice effects are not significant for downwelling emission. The algorithms use either three frequencies or only the lower two. The inclusion of 85-GHz information significantly improves liquid-water path estimates at all levels of integrated liquid water. The Rayleigh approximation is shown to be valid for most cloudy conditions. Uncertainty in the calculated opacities due to varying cloud droplet-size distributions and liquid-water content profiles is quantified. The accuracy of a retrieval algorithm trained by Rayleigh approximation opacities and including the additional uncertainty is shown to provide estimates with error levels similar to those from the algorithm trained with full Mie opacities. C1 Penn State Univ, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bobak, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 214 EP 225 DI 10.1109/36.823914 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283XF UT WOS:000085300800019 ER PT S AU Benjamin, H Kamali, B AF Benjamin, H Kamali, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Selection of the most "efficient" shortened Reed Solomon code from a neural network database SO IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, FALL 2000, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS: BRINGING GLOBAL MOBILITY TO THE NETWORK AGE SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2000) CY SEP 24-28, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc AB The catalog of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is a rather long one. To select a proper code for a given application the system designer is compelled to deal with numerous tables, graphs and equations. We have reported our result of designing an artificial neural network (NN) from which one can select the most "efficient" unmodified RS code for a specific application [1] In this article we present the continuation of our work, in development of an artificial NN database for selection of shortened RS codes for a given application Student version of the MATLAB Neural Networks Toolbox is used for NN simulation. The Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm is used to train the NN. The resultant NN has five inputs, nine units in the hidden layer, and two units in the output layer. The outputs are the shortened "n" and "K". The test data results show the accuracy of selecting the correct code length and code dimension is 84.4% for shortened codes. C1 USN, Air Stn Patuxent River, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Benjamin, H (reprint author), USN, Air Stn Patuxent River, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM Benjaminhc@navair.navy.mil; Kamali_B@mercer.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-6507-0 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2000 BP 390 EP 393 PG 4 WC Transportation Science & Technology SC Transportation GA BR59H UT WOS:000166879500060 ER PT B AU Schwartz, PR AF Schwartz, PR BE Stein, TI TI Technology, remote sensing and policy makers SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7200, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000006 ER PT B AU Trizna, DB Bachmann, C Sletten, M Allan, N Topokov, J Harris, R AF Trizna, DB Bachmann, C Sletten, M Allan, N Topokov, J Harris, R BE Stein, TI TI Projection pursuit classification methods applied to multiband polarimetric SAR imagery SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Results are presented for an experiment utilizing land calibration targets imaged by the NRL ultrawideband synthetic aperture radar (NUWSAR). Projection Pursuit statistical analysis tools were applied to a set of simultaneous L and X-band polarimetric images of dihedrals and trihedrals to determine optimal and minimal combinations of polarization and radar bands for identifying different scatterers. The normalized mutual information function (NMIF) was used as a quantitative optimization measure. It was calculated for a series of combinations of frequencies and polarizations, beginning with the maximum set of all six elements (HH, VV, and HV for each of X and L-bands), then continuing with successive elimination of single elements, then pairs, and so on. In principle, this will produce 6! (or 720) of such combinations. To illustrate the principle, only a subset of element combinations were eliminated, and it became clear that the NMIF decreases rapidly as one goes beyond 2 members. Results presented suggest that a 'spectral' display of these NMIF results correlates with scale size and shape of targets, and that different types of targets in the scene display a robust NMIF spectral signature. This leads one to hypothesize that such an approach may lead to NMIF library signatures for classification of natural and man made targets similar to the way optical hyperspectral library signatures are utilized, but using microwave radar band and polarization combinations instead. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trizna, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7255,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000036 ER PT B AU Haack, T Burk, SD AF Haack, T Burk, SD BE Stein, TI TI Mesoscale modeling of coastal refractivity SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haack, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 360 EP 362 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000118 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Pottier, E Krogager, E Boerner, WM AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Pottier, E Krogager, E Boerner, WM BE Stein, TI TI Quantitative comparison of classification capability: Fully-polarimetric versus partially polarimetric SAR SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper addresses the land-use classification capabilities of partially polarimetric SAR versus fully polarimetric SAR. A variety of polarization combinations will be investigated for application to crop and tree age classification. Based on the circular Gaussian distribution, maximum likelihood classifiers for all polarization combinations were used to assess quantitative classification accuracy. Thus, it allows optimally selecting the combination of polarizations for crop, tree and terrain classification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1101 EP 1103 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000357 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS Schuler, DL AF Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS Schuler, DL BE Stein, TI TI Multi-frequency polarimetric SAR data analysis of ocean surface features SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Fully polarimetric SAR data analysis has found wide application for terrain classification. land-use, soil moisture and ground cover classification. New methods and algorithms for extracting geophysical parameters from polarimetric data continue to be developed and tested. Many of these methods are designed for specific environments and/or a particular target-type. Here we present general techniques for analysis of polarimetric SAR data. We illustrate these techniques with SIR-C full polarimetric data at L- and C-band. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1113 EP 1115 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000361 ER PT B AU Du, LJ Grunes, MR AF Du, LJ Grunes, MR BE Stein, TI TI Unsupervised segmentation of multi-polarization SAR images based on amplitude and texture characteristics SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID MARKOV AB This paper presents a new approach for the unsupervised segmentation of multi-polarization SAR images based on the statistics of both amplitude variation and texture characteristics. One co-polarized and one cross-polarized image is used in the classification. It involves two steps. In the first step, a window is used to scan the image and locate the clusters within it at each position. A merging procedure follows to combine them based on statistical similarity down to an appropriate number. Bayes maximum likelihood classification is then applied. In the second step, we adopt the second order Gaussian Markov random field models for image texture. Segments assigned for each class in the first step are examined and divided into sub-class groups if clear textural differences exist among them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Du, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1122 EP 1124 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000364 ER PT B AU Trizna, DB AF Trizna, DB BE Stein, TI TI Oceanic fronts as a source high air-sea flux due to breaking of standing waves of intermediate scale SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID RADAR AB Marine radar sea scatter experiments were conducted as part of a remote sensing and fluid modeling program to study littoral ocean properties toward an improved understanding of ship and airborne radar ocean imaging. In particular, radar backscatter data were collected using an X-band marine radar at low grazing angles near oceanic fronts and internal gravity waves. These data were collected from a ship that passed perpendicularly through both type of linear oceanic features.. so that their azimuthal aspect sensitivity could be studied and related to the fluid dynamics driving them. While the internal waves appeared different from either side of the crest, the polarization properties associated with fronts was the same as seen with either aspect. We hypothesize that standing waves occur at fronts and act as a scattering source rather than asymmetric bores that have previously been identified at strong radar scatterers at horizontal polarization in wind driven seas. A simple propagation model of waves into a current shear region is used to show that intermediate waves of a 10 to 30-cm scale are reflected from the current profile at a front and can produce such standing wave scattering sources. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trizna, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7255, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1283 EP 1285 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000416 ER PT S AU Cooper, AL Chubb, SR Sletten, MA Trump, CL AF Cooper, AL Chubb, SR Sletten, MA Trump, CL BE Stein, TI TI On the origin of bright lines and other features in X-band radar imagery of frontal surface velocity fields SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID STREAM CURRENT CONVERGENCE; SIGNATURES AB Enhanced radar backscatter occurs in radar imagery of strongly convergent ocean currents, but the origin of this phenomenon is not well-understood. Although the Alpers and Hennings (AH) Relaxation Model[1] indicates that variations in radar cress-section (RCS) intensity at convergent fronts are proportional to the magnitude of the local current convergence, at higher radar frequencies, this model significantly underpredicts. RCS enhancement and exhibits a non-physical look-angle dependence[2]. Full wave spectral modeling incorporating composite Bragg backscatter does not remedy the situation[2]. in developing a procedure for extracting estimates of the near frontal, 2-dimensional surface velocity fields of convergent ocean frontal features from radar imagery, we have identified a plausible explanation, empirically, that accounts for the correlation between the presence of bright lines in X-Band radar imagery near convergent fronts and the magnitude of the local current convergence We are able to quantitatively infer a 2-dimensional model of the currents using radar data, simulations of wave spectra, and radar cross-section RCS. In the resulting model, enhanced radar intensity occurs where the local convergence increases because of enhanced wave-steepening and wave-breaking. Other effects associated with current structure (for example, shear) are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cooper5@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1286 EP 1288 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000417 ER PT B AU Sletten, MA Twarog, E McLaughlin, DJ Zhang, XH Marmorino, G AF Sletten, MA Twarog, E McLaughlin, DJ Zhang, XH Marmorino, G BE Stein, TI TI Polarization and look-direction dependencies observed in radar imagery of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume front SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7255,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1289 EP 1291 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000418 ER PT B AU Sikora, TD Thompson, DR AF Sikora, TD Thompson, DR BE Stein, TI TI Progress on remotely sensing air-sea fluxes using synthetic aperture radar SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1292 EP 1294 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000419 ER PT B AU Chubb, SR Shen, CY Trizna, DB Fusina, RA AF Chubb, SR Shen, CY Trizna, DB Fusina, RA BE Stein, TI TI Bathymetry inversion using Constituent Boussinesq Equations SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The phenomenon of ocean wave-shoaling, and the associated reduction of ocean wave phase speed with decreased water depth, provides useful information for inferring water depth D (bathymetry) in coastal environments. One strategy for relating D to phase speed C and wave-vector k, of long wave length ocean waves, involves using the 1-dimensional, linear (gravity wave) dispersion relationship C=(g*tanh(kD)/k)(1/2). In principle, this approach has limitations, because the approach is based an a WKB approximation. Thus, it cannot be applied when D varies appreciably over the wavelength of a shoaling-wave. Also, the approach is restricted to waves that have small wave-height. In die present paper, we use a set of marine radar image sequences and apply the linear approximation, via a 3-D FFT analysis to the sequences. We show that for low to moderate wave heights, the approach does retrieve approximately die correct depth. However, an increase in the RMS wave-height from 1 m to 3.5 m produced a much poorer depth estimate, proving the need for an application of a non-linear wave model to the problem, with an associated new retrieval approach. We outline a new procedure for extracting bathymetry that uses the recently developed [1] Constituent Boussinesq (CB) Equations The inversion procedure is accomplished using a standard (Levenberg-Marquardt-like), 1-dimensional, cost function minimization procedure. The cost function is derived at discrete points, from the simulated phase speed data, the comparable, modeled phase speed result, and dynamical relationships obtained from the CB model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chubb, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7255,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1295 EP 1297 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000420 ER PT B AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM BE Stein, TI TI Correction for terrain azimuthal slope effects in polarimetric SAR images SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The existence of terrain slopes reduces the accuracy of algorithms intended to extract geophysical parameters from polarimetric SAR image data. Corrections have been made in the past for the effects of range-direction slopes using a co-registered digital elevation model (DEM). A technique has recently been developed to accurately measure slope-induced changes in polarimetric orientation from terrain backscatter. This measurement capability opens up the possibility of compensating for scattering changes caused by polarimetric effects in the azimuthal direction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1304 EP 1306 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000423 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Krogager, E Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM AF Lee, JS Krogager, E Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL Boerner, WM BE Stein, TI TI On the estimation of polarization orientation angles induced from azimuth slopes using polarimetric SAR data SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB In recent studies, Schuler et al. [1] applied the polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) derived orientation angles to measure topography, and Lee et al. [2] used the orientation angles for polarimetric SAR data compensation, to ensure accurate estimation of geophysical parameters, such as, biomass, soil moisture, and surface roughness, in rugged terrain area. Consequently, it is important to accurately estimate orientation angles that were induced by the azimuth slope variations. However, in these studies, inconsistency in the estimation of orientation angles was encountered in several areas, introducing noisy and erroneous results. Two methods have been proven to be effective in the orientation angle estimation. The peak-seeking method [1] in polarization signatures was a credible one. The other method [2] is based on the circular polarizations in which the phase difference between right-right circular and left-left circular polarization is used to estimate the orientation angles. In this paper, we explore a theoretical model based on Bragg scattering, to verify the circular polarization method, and to discover problems associated with orientation estimation and data compensation. The advantage of applying polarimetric SAR speckle filter is also investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1310 EP 1312 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000425 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI Shybanov, EB AF Haltrin, VI Shybanov, EB BE Stein, TI TI Light scattering properties of quartz particles in seawater SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID MODEL AB Existing models of seawater optical properties [1] usually do not explicitly include quartz particles. These models are good for open ocean waters and biologically stable coastal waters but fail to adequately predict optical properties of coastal waters with shallow sandy bottoms. In this paper we try to fill this gap by extending our previous optical model of quartz suspensions in seawater [2] by including calculations of all inherent optical properties. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1842 EP 1844 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000595 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI Johnson, DR Weidemann, AD AF Haltrin, VI Johnson, DR Weidemann, AD BE Stein, TI TI Connection between salinity and light absorption coefficient SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB In many important applications it is necessary to estimate inherent optical properties of sea water using only available oceanographic data. Among the many hydrographic parameters of sea water only salinity has been shown to have a significant correlation with such optical parameters such as absorption coefficient. This correlation is due to the coupling between salinity and concentration of dissolved organic matter. The advantages and disadvantages in using this correlation to retrieve absorption properties is examined for a coastal plume. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1845 EP 1847 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000596 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI McBride, WE Weidemann, AD AF Haltrin, VI McBride, WE Weidemann, AD BE Stein, TI TI Fresnel reflection by wavy sea surface SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB In studying light and image transfer in sea waters, the influence of Fresnel surface reflection is as significant as scattering and absorption phenomena. In these cases knowledge of the reflective properties of sea surface at different wind speeds is very important. At present, little is published about these properties. We present here results of numerical modeling of angular reflection coefficients of sea water as a function of zenith angle of illumination and wind speed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1863 EP 1865 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000602 ER PT B AU Miller, JL Payne, S AF Miller, JL Payne, S BE Stein, TI TI Remote sensing of coastal salinity: Naval needs and developing capability SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Miller, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 2534 EP 2536 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000823 ER PT S AU Salvino, LW AF Salvino, LW GP SEM SEM TI Empirical mode analysis of structural response and damping SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB A general method for the analysis of a time series, called the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Spectrum method, has recently been developed by Huang et al. This method contains two parts: the first part (EMD) decomposes any given time series data into a set of simple oscillatory functions by the repeated application of a nonlinear iterative procedure; the second part defines time-dependent amplitudes (or energies) and frequencies of the simple oscillatory functions using a Hilbert transform. In this paper, the EMD and Hilbert spectrum method is used to evaluate structural response by means of acceleration data of four different configurations of a two-dimensional welded steel frame constructed from many box beams, all filled with small viscoelastic beads. The results were compared to those of conventional methods such as modal analysis. The EMD method is also being further developed to extract damping values from experimental time series. In this approach, the damping loss factor is determined at regularly spaced frequencies associated with sampling. The method is particularly important for evaluating damping for time series data taken from an underlying physical process in which damping is dependent upon both time and frequency characteristics of the system. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 652,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600076 ER PT S AU Gordis, JH Neta, B AF Gordis, JH Neta, B GP SEM SEM TI Fast transient analysis for locally nonlinear structures by recursive block convolution SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB The transient analysis of large structural systems with localized nonlinearities is a computationally demanding process, inhibiting dynamic redesign and optimization. A previously developed integral equation formulation for transient structural synthesis has demonstrated the ability to solve large locally nonlinear transient problems in a fraction of the time required by traditional direct integration methods, with equivalent or better accuracy. A recursive block-by-block convolution algorithm is developed for the solution of the governing integral equations which further reduces the solution times required. Examples using realistically-sized finite element models are presented, demonstrating the performance of the formulation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gordis, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 747 EP 753 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600111 ER PT S AU Gaberson, HA Pal, D Chapler, RS AF Gaberson, HA Pal, D Chapler, RS GP SEM SEM TI Shock spectrum classification of violent environments that cause machinery failure SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB A series of tests was conducted to evaluate several transient motion analysis methods to determine which is the best indicator of the ability of the motion to cause failure of facilities equipment. Previous work has proven that the pseudovelocity shock spectrum should be used to evaluate violent motion severity. This experimental research is additional evidence. Six blowers were exposed to six different violent loadings, each of which could be progressively increased until the blower failed. Five blowers did indeed fail. The time histories were recorded and analyzed by several methods. These included Fourier transform magnitude, pseudo velocity and acceleration shock spectra, and peak g levels. The analysis that does the best job is the damped shock spectrum plotted with pseudovelocity as the ordinate on four coordinate paper. It shows the five failure causing environments similar, and the sixth environment weaker. This paper reviews the theoretical proofs, describes the tests, and illustrates the different ways in which the blowers failed, and discusses the data analyses. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Gaberson, HA (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 1126 EP 1135 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600169 ER PT S AU Todd, MD Johnson, GA Chang, CC AF Todd, MD Johnson, GA Chang, CC GP SEM SEM TI Real-time girder deflection reconstruction using a fiber Bragg grating system SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensor systems have been shown to provide excellent multi-point strain measurements in civil and marine structures. Their ability to be multiplexed easily allows useful population of the structure such that important spatio-temporal information, e.g., vibration modes, can be obtained. In this paper, the application of a multi-channel FBG system to monitor the dynamic strain response of an inservice interstate (1-10) bridge near Las Cruces, New Mexico, is described. Specifically, a linear array of sensors was placed along one girder to obtain local bending strain data during the passage of traffic, and the data were incorporated, in real time, into a shape reconstruction algorithm based on a shear-corrected Euler strain-to-displacement transformation. Preliminary results from the field test reported here indicate that the data may be useful for a number of bridge-related applications, including bending mode reconstruction, transient traffic loadings, weigh in motion, possible vehicle identification, vehicle speed, and other dynamic characteristics of the structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 1313 EP 1319 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600198 ER PT S AU Johnson, GA Pran, K Sagvolden, G Farsund, O Havsgard, GB Wang, G Jensen, AE AF Johnson, GA Pran, K Sagvolden, G Farsund, O Havsgard, GB Wang, G Jensen, AE GP SEM SEM TI Surface effect ship vibro-impact monitoring with distributed arrays of fiber Bragg gratings SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC ID STRAIN-SENSOR; WAVELENGTH AB A fiber Bragg grating sensor system consisting of 56 sensors has been developed to monitor the structural dynamical response of an in-operation composite hull naval vessel. The distributed array of wavelength-division multiplexed Bragg grating strain sensors has been utilized to measure: global hull bending with Bragg grating sensor pairs; local strain concentrations with Bragg grating rosettes; vibrational response of the ship's waterjet propulsion system; and large dynamic strain response in the wet deck region from wave slamming in rough seas. In addition to monitoring the ship's normal vibrations and bending moments, monitoring the response of the ship to wave slamming (i.e. wave impacts) - especially in the wet deck region of the catamaran - is of some importance because it can lead to large scale damage in the ship. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 1406 EP 1411 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600212 ER PT S AU Tyo, JS Dierson, DI Olsen, RC AF Tyo, JS Dierson, DI Olsen, RC BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Development of an invariant display strategy for spectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE spectral imagery; display strategies; colorimetric representations ID COLOR AB There is currently no standard method to map high-dimensional spectral data into a pseudocolor representation. A number of methods have been developed for particular applications, but the results are often difficult to predict when the strategy is applied in other circumstances. A talented analyst can almost always create a color representation that highlights the specific feature of interest, but there is a need for a default strategy which can provide a reliable first look at the data in an unsupervised manner. In this paper, we introduce a principal components based mapping strategy that is built on the principles of human color vision. Orthogonal image information is mapped into orthogonal color processing channels, providing an ergonomic representation that more closely resembles scenes that human visual systems are trained to process. The specific transformation discussed in this paper is optimized for to the data set analyzed, but it provides a first step in the development of an invariant strategy for initial display of spectral data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.406582 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600016 ER PT S AU Davis, CO Horan, D Corson, M AF Davis, CO Horan, D Corson, M BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI On-orbit calibration of the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS) SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE coastal; imaging spectrometry; oceanography; optical remote sensing; hyperspectral imaging ID SATELLITE; AVIRIS; COLOR AB Production of science or Naval products from hyperspectral data requires the careful calibration of the sensor and the validation of the algorithms to demonstrate that they produce the correct products at the required accuracy. Thus a key part of the Navy's Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technology Program is:the maintenance of accurate calibration for the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO) spacecraft's Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS) during the lifetime of the spacecraft. On-Orbit COIS is calibrated in three ways: Moon imaging, using on-board calibration lamps, and imaging of well characterized ocean and land scenes. The primary standard for COIS on-orbit calibration will be monthly imaging of the moon. The approach is similar to that used in NASA's SeaWiFS and MODIS programs, with the added complication that COIS images the Moon surface at much higher resolution than the NASA 1 km resolution sensors. On-board calibration lamps will not provide absolute calibration, but will be used to provide a stability check as frequently as once per orbit. Imaging the known reflectance land and open ocean sites will provide a data set for validating the calibration and atmospheric correction against measured surface reflectances. As an additional check COIS will be cross-calibrated with two well calibrated aircraft sensors, NRL's Ocean PHILLS and NASA's AVIRIS, which will under-fly COIS and image the same ocean and land scenes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.406594 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600026 ER PT S AU Tyo, JS Robertson, J Wollenbecker, J Olsen, RC AF Tyo, JS Robertson, J Wollenbecker, J Olsen, RC BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Statistics of target spectra in HSI scenes SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE spectral imagery; hyperspectral imagery; scene statistics in spectral imagery ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA AB The majority of spectral imagery classifiers make a decision based on information from a particular spectrum, often the mean, that best represents the spectral signature of a particular target. It is known, however, that the spectral signature of a target can vary significantly due to differences in illumination conditions, shape, and material composition. Furthermore, many targets of interest are inherently mixed, as is the case with camouflaged military vehicles, leading to even greater variability. In this paper, a detailed statistical analysis is performed on HYDICE imagery of Davis Monthan AFB, Several hundred pixels are identified as belonging to the same target class and the distribution of spectral radiance within this group is studied. It is found that simple normal statistics do not adequately model either the total radiance or the single band spectral radiance distributions, both of which can have highly skewed histograms even when the spectral radiance is high. Goodness of fit tests are performed for maximum likelihood normal, lognormal, Gamma, and Weibull distributions. It is found that lognormal statistics can model the total radiance and many single-band distributions reasonably well, possibly indicative of multiplicative noise features in remotely sensed spectral imagery. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 306 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.406599 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600031 ER PT J AU Silbergeld, EK Sacci, JB Azad, AF AF Silbergeld, EK Sacci, JB Azad, AF TI Mercury exposure and murine response to Plasmodium yoelii infection and immunization SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD8+ T-CELLS; INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HEAVY-METALS; BROWN-NORWAY; CHLORIDE; MALARIA AB Malaria has re-emerged in Amazonia over the past two decades. Many factors have been proposed for this, among them changes in population distribution, failures of vector control and pharmacologic management, and local as well as global environmental changes. Among the latter factors, we have studied the potential role of increasing exposures to the immunotoxic metal mercury, which is widely used in Amazonia for artisanal extraction of alluvial gold deposits. We report here that Hg impairs host resistance to malaria infection at exo-erythrocytic stages. Hg exposed mice have higher parasitemia following infection with sporozoites, but not after transfusion of infected red cells. In mice inoculated with irradiated sporozoites, Hg blocks acquisition of immunity. In addition Hg affects immunologic parameters that are known to be involved in host response to malaria infection. These results have potential implications for the incidence and prevalence of malaria among populations exposed to mercury from artisanal goldmining and consumption of contaminated fish regions with high rates of malaria and other infectious diseases. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Human Hlth & Environm, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Silbergeld, EK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Human Hlth & Environm, 10 S Pine St,MSTF 9-36, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 19 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2000 VL 22 IS 4 BP 685 EP 695 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 376DV UT WOS:000165443700005 PM 11105781 ER PT B AU Horner, SD Germain, ME Greene, TP Harris, FH Johnson, MS Johnston, KJ Monet, DG Murison, MA Phillips, JD Reasenberg, RD Seidelmann, PK Urban, SE Vassar, RH AF Horner, SD Germain, ME Greene, TP Harris, FH Johnson, MS Johnston, KJ Monet, DG Murison, MA Phillips, JD Reasenberg, RD Seidelmann, PK Urban, SE Vassar, RH BE Szabados, L Kurtz, DW TI The Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer - Distances and photometry of 40 million stars SO IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE SURVEYS ON PULSATING STAR RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 176th IAU Colloquium on the Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research CY AUG 08-12, 1999 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Int Astron Union, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Hungarian Acad Sci, Natl Comm Technol Dev, Hungarian Sci Res Fund, Silicon Graph Inc, Sun Microsyst Magyarorszag Kft, Blackwell Sci Ltd C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Horner, SD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-030-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 203 BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80M UT WOS:000089620700020 ER PT B AU Nordgren, TE Germain, ME Sudol, JJ Hindsley, RB Armstrong, JT Hajian, AR AF Nordgren, TE Germain, ME Sudol, JJ Hindsley, RB Armstrong, JT Hajian, AR BE Szabados, L Kurtz, DW TI Cepheid diameters from optical interferometry: The NPOI survey SO IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE SURVEYS ON PULSATING STAR RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 176th IAU Colloquium on the Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research CY AUG 08-12, 1999 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Int Astron Union, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Hungarian Acad Sci, Natl Comm Technol Dev, Hungarian Sci Res Fund, Silicon Graph Inc, Sun Microsyst Magyarorszag Kft, Blackwell Sci Ltd ID RADII AB We present linear radii for four Cepheid variable stars, spanning a pulsation period range from 3 to 11 d, measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). We compare these radii to those found using traditional indirect methods, and to various period-radius relations found in the literature. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Nordgren, TE (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, NPOI, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-030-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 203 BP 152 EP 156 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80M UT WOS:000089620700048 ER PT S AU Meyer, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Olafsen, LJ Aifer, EH Stokes, DW Yang, MJ AF Meyer, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Olafsen, LJ Aifer, EH Stokes, DW Yang, MJ BE Mawst, LJ Martinelli, RU TI Type-II mid-infrared lasers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers IV CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE mid-infrared laser; broadened waveguide; heat sinking; optical pumping; pump-beam absorption; etalon cavity ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; W LASERS; SUPERLATTICE AB Recent progress towards the realization of high-power, non-cryogenic (quasi-)cw mid-IR lasers based on the "W" configuration of the active region is reported. Type-Il diodes with AlGaAsSb broadened-waveguide separate confinement regions are the first III-V interband lasers to achieve room-temperature pulsed operation at a wavelength longer than 3 mu m. For cw operation, T-max was 195 K and P-out = 140 mW was measured at 77 K. Optically-pumped W lasers recently attained the highest cw operating temperatures (290 K) of any semiconductor laser emitting in the 3-6 mu m range. For a lambda = 3.2 mu m device at 77 K,the maximum cw output power was 0.54 W per uncoated facet. In order to maximize the absorption of the pump in the active region, an optical pumping injection cavity (OPIC) structure was used to create an etalon cavity for the 2.1 mu m pump beam. The pulsed incident pump intensity at threshold was only 8 kW/cm(2) at 300 K for this edge-emitting mid-IR laser. The differential power conversion efficiency was 9% at 77 K and 4% at 275 K, which indicates promising prospects for achieving high cw output powers at TE-cooler temperatures following further optimization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3564-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3947 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.382087 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18T UT WOS:000087384400012 ER PT S AU Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW AF Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW BE Pfitzmann, A TI An entropy-based framework for database inference SO INFORMATION HIDING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Information Hiding (IH 99) CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1999 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY AB In this paper, we discuss the database inference problem. We look at both query-based and partial view-based cases of the problem, concentrating our efforts on classification rules related to the partial view-based case. Based on this analysis, we develop a theoretical formulation to quantify the amount of private information that may be inferred from a public database and we discuss ways to mitigate that inference. Finally, we apply this formulation to actual downgrading issues, Our results are dependent upon the knowledge engine used to derive classification rules. We use C4.5 since it is a well-known and popular robust software tool. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Mail Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67182-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1768 BP 405 EP 418 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS71G UT WOS:000170923600028 ER PT S AU Bernstein, C AF Bernstein, C BE WoodPutnam, JL TI Close-range sensors for small, unmanned bottom vehicles: Update SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions II CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE UBV; sensing; contact sensing; surf zone; mine; obstacle; close-range; profiling; autonomous; reconnaissance AB The Surf Zone Reconnaissance Project is developing sensors for small, autonomous, Underwater Bottom-crawling Vehicles (UBVs). The objective is to enable small, crawling robots to autonomously detect and classify mines and obstacles on the ocean bottom in depths between 0 and 10 feet. We have identified a promising set of techniques that will exploit the electromagnetic, shape, texture, image, and vibratory-modal features of the target. During FY99 and FY00 we have worked toward refining these techniques. Signature data sets have been collected for a standard target set to facilitate the development of sensor fusion and target detection and classification algorithms. Specific behaviors, termed microbehaviors, are developed to utilize the robot's mobility to position and operate the sensors. A first generation, close-range sensor suite, composed of 5 sensors, will be completed and tested on a crawling platform in FY00, and will be further refined and demonstrated in FY01 as part of the Mine Countermeasures (MCM) 6.3 core program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Bernstein, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3665-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4039 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.391888 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BQ75L UT WOS:000089403400002 ER PT S AU Clem, TR Overway, DJ Purpura, JW Bono, JT Carroll, PJ Koch, RH Rozen, JR Keefe, GA Willen, S Mohling, RA AF Clem, TR Overway, DJ Purpura, JW Bono, JT Carroll, PJ Koch, RH Rozen, JR Keefe, GA Willen, S Mohling, RA BE WoodPutnam, JL TI Enhanced magnetic anomaly detection using a nitrogen-cooled superconducting gradiometer SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions II CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE naval mines; unexploded ordnance; magnetic anomaly detection; magnetic gradiometer; Superconducting Quantum Interference Device AB During the 1980's, the Superconducting Gradiometer/Magnetometer Sensor (SGMS) was demonstrated in the Magnetic and Acoustic Detection of Mines Advanced Technology Demonstration (MADOM ATD) to provide effective mine detection, localization, and classification capabilities, especially against buried mines, and to reduce significantly acoustic false alarms arising from bottom clutter. This sensor utilized Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) manufactured using the low critical temperature (low T(c)) superconductor niobium and liquid helium for sensor cooling. This sensor has most recently been integrated into the Mobile Underwater Debris Survey System (MUDSS) and has been demonstrated successfully in a survey to locate unexploded ordnance in coastal waters. Based on recent advances in material and device technology, a high T(c) superconducting gradiometer (HTSG) feasibility prototype has been developed and is being evaluated. In comparison to the SGMS, the nitrogen cooling for the HTSG in place of helium cooling makes it possible to substantially reduce package sizes and to effectively eliminate a cryogen logistics trail. Excellent motion performance has been demonstrated for the HTSG, with sensitivities better than that of conventional non-superconducting technology and approaching that of its helium-cooled counterpart, the SGMS. Based on ground testing, HTSG sensitivity in motion exceeds that of its low Tc counterpart for frequencies greater than 3 Hertz. Advanced concepts for sensor refrigeration using compact dewars and active cryocoolers, which have the appeal of turnkey operation totally eliminating any requirement for cryogen logistics and support, are now emerging. Development of a compact high Te gradiometer free of cryogenic logistics now appears achievable. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Clem, TR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3665-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4039 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.391894 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BQ75L UT WOS:000089403400008 ER PT S AU Wiegert, R Price, B AF Wiegert, R Price, B BE WoodPutnam, JL TI Magnetic sensor development for mine countermeasures using autonomous underwater vehicles SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions II CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE magnetics; sensor; autonomous vehicle; mine-countermeasures; detection/localization AB Magnetic sensor technologies are being developed at NAVSEA, Coastal Systems Station to enhance the ability of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) to perform detection, localization and classification (DLC) of mines for mine countermeasures in Surf Zone/Very Shallow Water (SZ/VSW) environments. This work involves the design, development, and eventual systems integration onto AUVs of passive sensors for DLC of ferrous mines and active sensors for DLC of both non-ferrous and ferrous mines. The magnetic sensors must provide useful detection ranges and robust target localization capability for nine DLC tasks while operating aboard AUVs with challenging operational conditions of small size and power budgets, large changes in vehicle orientation in turbulent SZ/VSW areas and potentially severe electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems. Similar technical issues must be addressed when applying magnetic sensors to solve the mission-critical problems of AUV navigation and communications in SZ/VSW environments. This paper specifically presents results from field tests of passive, DC- magnetic sensors against small ferrous targets. The passive sensors are triaxial fluxgate magnetometer/solid state accelerometer packages mounted on a non-magnetic platform and software-configured as a first order gradiometer. Initial tests of the passive sensor indicate a target detection range of up to 4 meters for small ferrous targets. Target detection and homing algorithms based on combinations of rotationally invariant quantities constructed from magnetic field components and their gradients are being developed to allow the passive sensor to detect and provide robust target homing information on mine-like objects at distances of several meters. A brief review is presented of a short range active magnetic anomaly sensor that is being developed to induce and detect kHz frequency magnetic signatures in both ferrous and nonferrous mines. An overview is presented of EMC issues related to vehicle magnetic signature that must be addressed to ensure successful sensor integration onto AUVs. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wiegert, R (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3665-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4039 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.391881 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BQ75L UT WOS:000089403400010 ER PT S AU Rish, JW Lebien, SM Nellums, RO Foster, J Edwards, JW Blume, BT AF Rish, JW Lebien, SM Nellums, RO Foster, J Edwards, JW Blume, BT BE WoodPutnam, JL TI Performance of a gated scannerless optical range imager against volume and bottom targets in a controlled underwater environment SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DIVERS AND AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES OPERATING IN VERY SHALLOW WATER AND SURF ZONE REGIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Systems for Divers and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Operating in Very Shallow Water and Surf Zone Regions II CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE range-image; underwater imaging; mine reconnaissance; diver AB (SNL) is currently being studied as a potential underwater visual aid for divers and small unmanned underwater vehicles. The device forms an image on the basis of point-to-point range to the target rather than an intensity image. The range image is constructed through a classical continuous wave phase detection technique which synchronously couples a modulated light source to a gain-modulated image intensifier in the receiver. Range information is then calculated on the basis of the phase difference between the transmitted and reflected signal. The original intent of the system was to identify terrestrial 3-D targets that blend into the background in a normal 2-D image taken at moderate to long range. However, there are a number of underwater applications to which such a system may be well suited, including bathymetry and underwater object location. Initial underwater feasibility tests were performed at the Coastal Systems Station (CSS) in April 1998 by using existing terrestrial range imaging system components in combination with makeshift enclosures. While producing primarily qualitative information, those tests showed the device to be effective at imaging low-contrast underwater targets under the conditions of the test. An SRI breadboard designed specifically for use in the underwater environment (USRI) was assembled, and a second series of underwater imaging experiments were performed in the swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) test tank at CSS in November-December 1999. The objective of these experiments was to collect information for a critical assessment of the effect of selected system parameters on image quality, to help quantify the effective underwater performance of the SRI under controlled test conditions, and to obtain data in support of an active modeling effort. The data from these experiments are currently being analyzed. A brief description of these experiments is presented along with a discussion of selected results. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlghren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Rish, JW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlghren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R23,6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3665-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4039 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.391883 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Marine; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BQ75L UT WOS:000089403400012 ER PT S AU Olafsen, LJ Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Aifer, EH Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Lee, H Menna, RJ Martinelli, RU Garbuzov, DZ Maiorov, M Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH AF Olafsen, LJ Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Aifer, EH Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Lee, H Menna, RJ Martinelli, RU Garbuzov, DZ Maiorov, M Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI High temperature W diode lasers emitting at 3.3 mu m SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; HEAT-SINKING; OPERATION AB W lasers based on type-II antimonides were recently operated nearly to room temperature under the conditions of cw optical pumping. However, the development of electrically pumped mid-infrared lasers has not yet reached the same level of performance. This is largely related to the more challenging task of simultaneously optimizing the doping/transport and gain/optical properties of the devices. Here we report a demonstration of type-II mid-IR diode lasers employing W active quantum wells. Laser structures with 5 or 10 active periods sandwiched between broadened-waveguide separate confinement regions and quaternary optical cladding layers were processed into 100-mu m-wide stripes, cleaved into 1-mm-long cavities, and mounted junction side down. For 0.5-1 mu s pulses at a repetition rate of 200 Hz, lasing was obtained up to a maximum operating temperature of 310 K, where the emission wavelength was 3.27 mu m. The threshold current densities were 110 A/cm(2) and 25 kA/cm(2) at 78 and 310 K, respectively. The characteristic temperature, T-0, was 48 K for temperatures between 100 and 280 K. Operation in cw mode was obtained to 195 K, with threshold current densities of 63 A/cm(2) and 1.4 kA/cm(2) at 78 and 195 K, respectively, with T-0 = 38 K between 78 and 195 K. Significant further improvements in the operating characteristics are expected once the optimization of the designs and fabrication procedures is complete. C1 Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sensors Unlimited, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olafsen, LJ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500013 ER PT S AU Shi, Z Xu, G McCann, PJ Fang, XM Dai, N Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Shi, Z Xu, G McCann, PJ Fang, XM Dai, N Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI IV-VI compound semiconductor mid-infrared vertical cavity surface emitting lasers grown by MBE SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CASCADE LASERS; TEMPERATURE AB Mid-infrared vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) using PbSe as the active material and broadband high reflectivity Pb1-xSrxSe/BaF2 distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) as bottom and top mirrors were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. By pulsed optical pumping, this first IV-VI semiconductor VCSEL operated up to 290K at a wavelength of 4.5 mu m. Further optimization of such VCSELs could lead to room temperature continuos wave operation. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, Z (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 202 W Boyd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500025 ER PT S AU Scribner, DA Schuler, JM Warren, P Howard, JG Kruer, MR AF Scribner, DA Schuler, JM Warren, P Howard, JG Kruer, MR BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Image preprocessing for the infrared SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; image preprocessing; dynamic range; nonuniformity correction; super resolution; image fusion AB The emergence of new infrared sensor technologies and the availability of powerful, inexpensive computers have made many new imaging applications possible. Researchers working in the area of traditional image processing are showing an increased interest in working with infrared imagery. However, because of the inherent differences between infrared and visible phenomenology, a number of fundamental problems arise when trying to apply traditional processing methods to the infrared. Furthermore, the technologies required to image in the infrared are currently much less mature than comparable camera technologies used in visible imaging. Also infrared sensors need to capture six to eight additional bits of additional dynamic range over the eight normally used for visible imaging. Over the past half-century, visible cameras have become highly developed and can deliver images that meet engineering standards compatible with image displays. Similar image standards are often not possible in the infrared for a number of technical and phenomenological reasons. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of these differences and discuss a related topic known as image preprocessing. This is an area of processing that roughly lies between traditional image processing and image generation; because the camera images are less than ideal, additional processing is needed to perform necessary functions such as dynamic range management, non-uniformity correction, resolution enhancement, or color processing. A long-range goal for the implementation of these algorithms is to move them on-chip as analog retina-like or cortical-like circuits, thus achieving extraordinary reductions in power dissipation, size, and cost. Because this area of reseach is relatively new and still evolving, the discussion in this paper is limited to only a partial overview of the topic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3654-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4028 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.391735 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR35J UT WOS:000166173100025 ER PT S AU Bendall, I AF Bendall, I BE Holst, GC TI Automated objective minimum resolvable temperature difference SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MRTD; match filter; objective; algorithm; MTDP ID IMAGERS AB The Automated Objective Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (AO-MRTD) is an approach to provide an automated and objective measure of a thermal imager's performance. The algorithm is intended to provide a more accurate, reliable and cost effective figure of merit than traditional subjective MRTD measurements. MRTD values are calculated using signal-to-noise ratios obtained by match filtering digitized images of low contrast four bar patterns. Match filters are constructed from a high contrast image of the four bar patterns and the algorithm can assess sensor performance beyond Nyquist [similar to the minimum temperature difference perceived (MTDP) figure of merit]. The MRTD values derived by the algorithm do not represent the minimum temperature differences perceived by human observers; however, simple modifications to the threshold signal-to-noise ratio result in human-like MRTD values. The algorithm has the flexibility to construct multiple types of match filters derived from a single high contrast image. Currently, the algorithm derives separate MRTD values for match filters corresponding to the bar pattern and it's derivative. Preliminary results suggest that a combination of the two match tilters may yield a match to the human subjective MRTD results. The basic construction and operation of the algorithm is outlined. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bendall, I (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 50 EP 59 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800006 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI High-temperature strength of sapphire SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; flexure strength; Grafoil; infrared window; dome; thermal shock test ID GROWTH; CRYSTALS AB The Sapphire Statistical Characterization and Risk Reduction (SSCARR) Program tested approximately 1500 4-point flexure bars with different crystal orientations at different temperatures to establish a mechanical strength database for engineering design. Sapphire coupons were selected to represent surfaces on two different missile windows and a missile dome. Sapphire was obtained from the same suppliers used for the windows or dome and, as much as possible, coupons were fabricated in the same manner as the corresponding part of the window or dome. Perhaps the most interesting result was that sapphire from one fabricator was 50% stronger than sapphire made to the same specifications from the same blanks by another fabricator. In laser heating tests, sapphire performed better than predicted from flexure tests. When a compliant layer of graphite was used as a pad between the test specimens and the load fixture, sapphire in which the principal axis of tension and compression was parallel to the c-axis increased in apparent strength by a factor of 2-3. Strengths of other crystal orientations were not significantly affected by the graphite pads, but the incidence of twinning at 883K was reduced by graphite. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T42A0D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.405288 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200003 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF Johnson, LF Moran, MB Pentony, JM Daigneault, SM Tran, D Billman, KW Siahatgar, S AF Nee, SMF Johnson, LF Moran, MB Pentony, JM Daigneault, SM Tran, D Billman, KW Siahatgar, S BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Optical and surface properties of oxyfluoride glass SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE oxyfluoride glass; refractive index; thermo-optic coefficient; surface topography; transmittance; scattering AB Using conventional materials like fused silica and sapphire for critical window components in a high-power laser system can lead to intolerable thermal distortions and optical path difference (OPD) effects. A new oxyfluoride glass is being developed which has the unique property of possessing a negative thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) in the near- and mid-wave infrared. Specifically, the refractive index (n) of oxyfluoride glass decreases as the temperature increases. The distortions caused by thermal expansion of the glass during laser irradiation are partly offset by the negative dn/dT. This paper specifically addresses optical properties and surface finishing of oxyfluoride glass compared to fused silica. Normarski micrographs and surface profiles were measured to inspect the surface quality since smooth surfaces are essential for suppressing surface scattering and absorption. The refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient were measured using null polarimetry near the Brewster angle. Low dn/dT is required for laser windows. Transmittance spectra were measured to deduce the extinction coefficient by comparing with the transmittance calculated from the refractive index and to screen for unwanted absorption from contaminants including hydrocarbon oils, polishing residue, and water or -OH groups. Total integrated scattering was measured for both surface and bulk scattering. All measurements were done on 1.0- and 1.5-inch-diameter witness samples. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.405276 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200014 ER PT S AU Bayya, SS Wojcik, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Bayya, SS Wojcik, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI VIS-IR transmitting BGG glass and glass-ceramics SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE germanate; glass; IR windows; glass-ceramic; crystallization; strength; fracture toughness; reconnaissance ID BARIUM GALLOGERMANATE GLASSES; BAO-GA2O3-GEO2 GLASSES AB BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 (BGG) glasses have the desired properties for window applications in the 0.5-5 mum wavelength region. EGG glasses are low cost alternatives to the currently used window materials and are being scaled-up to large sizes for various Department of Defense (DoD) applications. Fabrication of a high optical quality 6.5" x 8.5" x 0.5" rectangular BGG glass window has already been demonstrated. A transmitted wave front error of about lambda /15 at 632 nn has been achieved in polished EGG glasses. Although the mechanical properties of EGG glass are acceptable for various window applications, it is demonstrated here that they can be further improved significantly either by the glass-ceramization process or by forming a composite. Neither process adds any significant cost to the final window material. The glass composite transmits in the 0.5-5 mum region while the crystallite size in the glass-ceramic currently limits its transmission to the 2-5 mum region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.405282 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200019 ER PT J AU Hartman, JR Vachet, RW Callahan, JH AF Hartman, JR Vachet, RW Callahan, JH TI Gas, solution, and solid state coordination environments for the nickel(II) complexes of a series of aminopyridine ligands of varying coordination number SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; mass spectroscopy; nickel complexes; tripod complexes ID METAL-IONS; MACROCYCLIC COMPLEXES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CRYSTAL; MANGANESE(II); DIPERCHLORATE; SELECTIVITY; TRANSITION; COPPER(II); OXIDATION AB The synthesis and characterization of the nickel(II) complexes from a series of aminopyridine ligands that range from tri- to heptadentate is described. The ligands include the tripod ligand tris(2-((2-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethyl)ami TREN-pyr, and the following linear ligands: (2-pyridylmethyl)(2-(2-((2-((2-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)ethyl)amine, TRIEN-pyr; bis(2-((2-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethyl)amine, DIEN-pyr; (2-pyridylmethyl)(2-((2-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethyl)amine EN-pyr; bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, AM-pyr; and methyl(2-((-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethyl) amine, MeEN-pyr. The following methods were used to determine the binding geometries of the nickel(II) complexes in the solid, solution, and gas phases: magnetic susceptibility measurements, absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and analyzing the gas phase ion-molecule reactions in a mass spectrometer. The linked five-membered chelate character of the linear ligands appear to have imposed high-spin, octahedral geometry on the complexes in the condensed phases. The tripod Ligand TREN-pyr and the two tridentate ligands, AM-pyr and MeEN-pyr, form six-coordinate complexes in the gas phase. In contrast, the rest of the complexes (TRIEN-pyr, DIEN-pyr, and EN-pyr) were found to have lower coordination numbers in the gas phase (five-, five-, and four-coordinate, respectively). The potentially heptadentate tripod ligand TREN-pyr does not appear to confer any unusual properties on the Ni(II) ion in the solution or solid phases, but does appear to be more effective than the hexadentate ligand TRIEN-pyr at maintaining the six-coordinate geometry in the gas phase. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hartman, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00288-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 277TN UT WOS:000084949800012 ER PT S AU Seely, JF AF Seely, JF BE Fineschi, S Korendyke, CM Siegmund, OHW Woodgate, BE TI Responsivity model for a silicon photodiode in the extreme ultraviolet SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR UV/EUV ASTRONOMY AND SOLAR MISSIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for UV/EUV Astronomy and Solar Missions CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE photodiode; responsivity; extreme ultraviolet; radiation damage ID SELF-CALIBRATION; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY AB A silicon photodiode detector, type AXUV-100G, was modeled by calculating the electromagnetic field strength in each region of the photodiode. The reflectance and transmittance at each boundary and the absorption of energy in each region of the device were calculated. By using an empirical carrier collection efficiency in each region, the calculated responsivity was in agreement with the experimental responsivity in the 1 nm to 25 nm wavelength range. In the 2.7 nm to 80 nm wavelength range, the model was used to simulate the experimentally observed decrease in responsivity of a photodiode that had undergone radiation damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3784-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4139 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.410511 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy GA BR89U UT WOS:000167974600001 ER PT S AU Howard, RA Moses, JD Socker, DG AF Howard, RA Moses, JD Socker, DG BE Fineschi, S Korendyke, CM Siegmund, OHW Woodgate, BE TI Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR UV/EUV ASTRONOMY AND SOLAR MISSIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for UV/EUV Astronomy and Solar Missions CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CME; coronagraph; CCD; UV optics; STEREO ID MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; FORCE-FREE; SOLAR; EVOLUTION; TRANSIENT; LASCO; CONFIGURATIONS AB The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) on the NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission is a suite of remote sensing instruments consisting of two white light coronagraphs, an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imager, and a heliospheric imager. SECCHI will observe coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from their birth at the sun, through the corona to their impact at earth. SECCHI includes a coordinated effort to provide magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models and visualization tools to interpret the images that will be obtained from two viewpoints and to extrapolate those imagery to insitu and radio emission measurements obtained from STEREO. The resulting 3-dimensional analysis of CMEs will resolve some of the fundamental questions in solar physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3784-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4139 BP 259 EP 283 DI 10.1117/12.410527 PG 25 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy GA BR89U UT WOS:000167974600027 ER PT S AU Socker, DG Howard, RA Korendyke, CM Simnett, GM Webb, DF AF Socker, DG Howard, RA Korendyke, CM Simnett, GM Webb, DF BE Fineschi, S Korendyke, CM Siegmund, OHW Woodgate, BE TI The NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission Heliospheric Imager SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR UV/EUV ASTRONOMY AND SOLAR MISSIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for UV/EUV Astronomy and Solar Missions CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE coronagraph; stereoscopy; heliosphere; coronal mass ejection ID STRAY-LIGHT SUPPRESSION; ZODIACAL LIGHT; CORONAGRAPH AB The NASA Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission will place two spacecraft into solar orbits with sufficient separation to provide remote sensing instruments with a stereoscopic view of the heliosphere extending from the lower solar corona to beyond one astronomical unit. Analysis of the stereographs returned from the two spacecraft will allow solar physicists to infer the three-dimensional structure of small and large components of the corona. The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) suite of remote sensing instruments includes a Heliospheric Imager (HI) to view the heliosphere in the interval from 12 to 215 solar radii. The HI will obtain the first stereographic images of coronal mass ejections in interplanetary space. Of particular interest is the subset of coronal mass ejections that propagate through the heliosphere and ultimately impact the earth. This paper presents the design concept for this new wide field coronagraph. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Socker, DG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3784-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4139 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.410528 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy GA BR89U UT WOS:000167974600028 ER PT S AU Korendyke, CM Vourlidas, A Cook, JW Dere, KP Feldman, R Howard, RA Lilley, DN Morrill, JS Moses, JD Moulton, NE Moye, RW Roberts, DE Shepler, EL Smith, JK Socker, DG Spears, TR Waymire, RS Browne, WE Tarbell, TD Berger, T Handy, BN AF Korendyke, CM Vourlidas, A Cook, JW Dere, KP Feldman, R Howard, RA Lilley, DN Morrill, JS Moses, JD Moulton, NE Moye, RW Roberts, DE Shepler, EL Smith, JK Socker, DG Spears, TR Waymire, RS Browne, WE Tarbell, TD Berger, T Handy, BN BE Fineschi, S Korendyke, CM Siegmund, OHW Woodgate, BE TI In-flight performance of the Very high Angular Resolution ULtraviolet Telescope sounding rocket payload SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR UV/EUV ASTRONOMY AND SOLAR MISSIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for UV/EUV Astronomy and Solar Missions CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE solar; ultraviolet; diffraction limited; telescope; space instrumentation; gratings AB The Very high Angular Resolution ULtraviolet Telescope experiment was successfully launched on May 7, 1999 on a Black Brant sounding rocket vehicle from White Sands Missile Range. The instrument consists of a 30cm UV diffraction limited telescope followed by a double grating spectroheliograph tuned to isolate the solar Lyman or emission line. During the flight, the instrument successfully obtained a series of images of the upper chromosphere with a limiting resolution of similar to0.33 arc-seconds. The resulting observations are the highest resolution images of the solar atmosphere obtained from space to date. The flight demonstrated that subarc-second ultraviolet images of the solar atmosphere are achievable with a high quality, moderate aperture space telescope and associated optics. Herein, we describe the payload and its in-flight performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korendyke, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3784-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4139 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1117/12.410533 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Spectroscopy GA BR89U UT WOS:000167974600032 ER PT S AU Collie, BE Wallace, DF Humphrey, AW AF Collie, BE Wallace, DF Humphrey, AW BE Hamburger, P TI Decision support in an integrated environment SO INTEGRATED COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Command Environments CY JUL 31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE knowledge; knowledge management; knowledge management system; decision making; information processing AB As the United States Navy enters into an era of reduced manning, the role of the decision maker and that of automation must change in order to maintain an acceptable level of performance. In the past, the responsibility of information synthesis ha s typically fallen on the operator. This becomes problematic when there is a lack of systems integration (most often technologies are co-located but not integrated), thus causing the operator to process an undue amount of information when analyzing information across multiple systems. Reducing the number of operators without changing the way decisions are made would result in information overload, delayed/degraded decision-making, and increased errors/accidents. If we are to successfully take sailors off ships, we must consider decision making in a new manner. One way to address the situation is to provide the decision maker/operator with a Knowledge Management System (KMS), which reduces cognitive processing requirements on behalf of the operator. For example, decisions based on doctrine can be automated with little impact on the quality of the decision as long as the operator is informed of what actions have been taken (keeping the operator in the loop). This paper will address the definition of Knowledge, the need for a KMS, functional allocation of Knowledge processing, and how systems can be designed for Knowledge Management concepts. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Human Centered Syst Engn Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Collie, BE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Human Centered Syst Engn Grp, G53, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3771-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4126 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.407528 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR66F UT WOS:000167104000002 ER PT S AU Hutchins, SG AF Hutchins, SG BE Hamburger, P TI Analysis of human factors case studies of complex military systems: Surely we can do better SO INTEGRATED COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Command Environments CY JUL 31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE human factors; C4I; military systems; system engineering; measures of effectiveness; design problems; human engineering; user-centered design AB People in nearly every occupational setting can provide examples of poor system design. The focus for this paper is on an analysis of design problems found in complex military command and control systems and the ways in which these types of problems can be avoided in future system design. The source of data for this analysis was a group of case studies of sixteen U.S. military systems written by officer-students at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Systems analyzed span the four military services and include aircraft systems, communications systems, the M-16 rifle, a missile defense system, a message processing system, weapon systems, and decision support systems. Documented problems with system use were categorized according to the following measures of effectiveness: Performance, Safety, Usability, Reliability, Maintainability, Time and Cost to Train, and Workload. The number of problems encountered per system ranged from one to nine; the mean number of reported problems per system was 4.9. IEEE 1220-1998 includes a revised systems engineering approach with an increased emphasis on engineering the system for the human. Adhering to a user-centered design approach should have a positive impact on system design by significantly reducing the types of system problems described in this paper. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Adad Grp C41, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hutchins, SG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Adad Grp C41, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3771-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4126 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.407539 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR66F UT WOS:000167104000005 ER PT S AU Campbell, GE Cannon-Bowers, JA AF Campbell, GE Cannon-Bowers, JA BE Hamburger, P TI Human performance model support for a human-centric design process SO INTEGRATED COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Command Environments CY JUL 31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE human-centric design; human performance modeling; human factors; team modeling; simulation-based design AB For years, systems designers following a traditional design process have made use of models of hardware and software. A human-centric design process imposes additional requirements and analyses on the designer, and we believe that additional types of models - models of human performance - are necessary to support this approach to design. Fortunately, there have been recent technological advances in our ability to model all aspects of human performance. This paper will describe three specific applications of human performance modeling that we are exploring to support the design of human-centric systems, such as future Navy ships. Specifically, this technology can be used to generate team design concepts, to provide human-centric decision support for systems engineers, and to allow simulation-based evaluation of human performance. We believe that human performance modeling technology has matured to the point where it can play a significant role in the human-centric design process, reducing both cost and risk. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Campbell, GE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Code AIR-4961, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3771-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4126 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.407524 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR66F UT WOS:000167104000013 ER PT S AU Crisp, HE Hoang, NT Karangelen, NT Britton, DA AF Crisp, HE Hoang, NT Karangelen, NT Britton, DA BE Hamburger, P TI An integrated tools environment for human centered design of complex systems SO INTEGRATED COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Command Environments CY JUL 31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE systems engineering; human engineering; human systems engineering; data base schema AB An integrated engineering environment is described wherein multidisciplinary capabilities are provided for addressing the role of humans in complex systems. The integration of these capabilities is based on the implementation of a common system design repository in a client-server architecture. The approach is based on the definition of an integrated process to support the engineering of large, complex systems which include humans as operators and decision makers. Such a process is by necessity multidisciplinary in that diverse specialties are required in order to achieve a well-balanced design. The implementation and execution of the process requires a collaborative approach across the various disciplines in order to define desired human roles in the system and to trade off between human and non-human implementation of system functionality. To enable the collaborative process and to manage the complexity of the evolving design, an integrated design environment is defined. The capabilities of the integrated environment support both system level and human engineering level design activities. A system data base schema is also defined to enable the implementation of a common design repository for integrated product and process management and to assure interoperability of the associated tools within the environment. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Crisp, HE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3771-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4126 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.407529 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR66F UT WOS:000167104000017 ER PT S AU Wallace, DF Collie, BE AF Wallace, DF Collie, BE BE Hamburger, P TI Lessons learned in command environment development SO INTEGRATED COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Command Environments CY JUL 31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE command & control; integrated command environments; lessons learned; information; human factors; ICE AB As we consider the issues associated with the development of an integrated Command Environment (ICE), we must obviously consider the rich history in the development of control rooms, operations centers, information centers, dispatch offices, and other command and control environments. This paper considers the historical perspective of control environments from the industrial revolution through the information revolution, and examines the historical influences and the implications that that has for us today. Environments to be considered are military command and control spaces, emergency response centers, medical response centers, nuclear reactor control rooms, and operations centers. Historical "lessons learned" fi om the development and evolution of these environments will be examined to determine valuable models to use, and those to be avoided. What are the pitfalls? What are the assumptions that drive the environment design? Three case histories will be presented, examining 1) the control. room of the Three Mile Island power plant, 2) The redesign of the US Naval Space Command operations center, and 3) a testbed for an ICE aboard a naval surface combatant. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren Div,Human Centered Syst Engn Sect, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wallace, DF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren Div,Human Centered Syst Engn Sect, Code G53,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3771-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4126 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.407531 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR66F UT WOS:000167104000022 ER PT S AU Pharmer, JA Hildebrand, G Campbell, GE AF Pharmer, JA Hildebrand, G Campbell, GE BE Hamburger, P TI Measuring the impact of human-centric design on human performance in a combat information center SO INTEGRATED COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Command Environments CY JUL 31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE human-centric design; performance measurement; system evaluation AB Following a human-centric design process is likely to introduce significant changes in both the technology and the organizational structure of an integrated command system. Rigorously and systematically evaluating the impact of these changes on team performance is a complex, multidimensional task. The first step is to define the anticipated effects of the advanced technologies and reorganization on human performance. Then, both measurement instruments and a testing scenario must be designed. The testing scenario must elicit the behaviors of interest within the bounds of a tactically realistic environment, and the measurement instruments must capture those behaviors. Finally, an appropriate point of comparison must be established, typically by measuring team performance in the current operating environment. In this paper, we will elaborate on this general approach and framework for evaluating the impact of a human-centric design process within the context of ongoing work evaluating the human-centric redesign of a Navy Surface Combatant Air Defense Warfare system. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Pharmer, JA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3771-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4126 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.407533 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BR66F UT WOS:000167104000024 ER PT J AU Fitz-Gerald, JM Wu, HD Pique, A Horwitz, JS Auyeung, RCY Chang, W Kim, WJ Chrisey, DB AF Fitz-Gerald, JM Wu, HD Pique, A Horwitz, JS Auyeung, RCY Chang, W Kim, WJ Chrisey, DB TI Maple direct write: a new approach to fabricate ferroelectric thin film devices in air at room temperature SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE MAPLE DW; LIFT; MAPLE; excimer laser; ribbon; grain size; matrix ID LASER EVAPORATION MAPLE; CHEMICAL SENSORS AB MAPLE Direct Write or MAPLE DW is a new direct writing technique which combines some of the major positive advantages of laser induced forward transfer and matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). This novel laser driven direct writing technique has demonstrated the deposition of metal, ceramic, and polymer materials in air and at room temperature and with sub-10 micron resolution for active and passive prototype circuit elements on planar and nonplanar substrates. here, we have used MAPLE DW to synthesize ferroelectric devices fur tunable microwave device applications. For ferroelectrics and the other functional materials, MAPLE DW can be used to investigate directly the properties of pou der materials as a function of grain size, doping, and processing technique. The best properties obtained for Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 and BaTiO3 films were dielectric constants of 40, with loss tangents of about 0.025 with similar to 1% tuning. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Fitz-Gerald, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000003 ER PT J AU Van Keuls, FW Mueller, CH Miranda, FA Romanofsky, RR Horwitz, JS Chang, W Kim, WJ AF Van Keuls, FW Mueller, CH Miranda, FA Romanofsky, RR Horwitz, JS Chang, W Kim, WJ TI Thin film BaxSr1-xTiO3 Ku- and K-band phase shifters grown on MgO substrates SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE BaxSr1-xTiO3; phase shifters; tunable microwave devices ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB We report measurements of gold circuits fabricated on four BaxSr1-xTiO3 Ferroelectric films doped with 1% Mn grown on MgO substrates by laser ablation. Low frequency (1 MHz) measurements of epsilon(r) and tan delta on interdigital capacitors are compared with high frequency measurements of phase shift and insertion loss on coupled microstrip phase shifters patterned onto the same films. The variation in temperature of both high and low frequency device parameters is compared. Annealed with amorphous buffer layer and unannealed Films are compared. Room temperature figures of merit of phase shift per insertion loss of up to 58.4 degrees/dB at 18 GHz and 400 V de bias were measured. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Van Keuls, FW (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1080/10584580008222220 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000006 ER PT J AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP TI Ferroelectric lens phased array antenna: an update SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE bulk phase shifting; ferroelectric materials/devices; lens antennas; phased array antennas; low-cost phased array; phase shifters AB The ferroelectric lens is a new type of phased array antenna. It uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting using bulk ferroelectric ceramics to reduce the cost of the phased array. This paper presents the latest X band (8-12 GHz) results with improved ferroelectrics; the loss due to these ferroelectrics is less than 2 dB fur obtaining 360 degrees differential phase shift at 10 GHz. The antenna pattern of an interferometer built with ferroelectrics and demonstrating electronic scanning at 10 GHz is presented. A brief review of the ferroelectric lens concept is also included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1080/10584580008222226 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000012 ER PT J AU Hubert, C Levy, J Cukauskas, E Kirchoefer, SW AF Hubert, C Levy, J Cukauskas, E Kirchoefer, SW TI GHZ polarization dynamics in ferroelectric thin films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE ferroelectric thin films; time-resolved; confocal microscopy; BaSrTiO3; microwave; dielectric loss ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PHASE SHIFTERS AB We present results from experiments which measure the local dielectric response of ferroelectric thin films driven by microwave-frequency electric fields. The repetition rate of a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser is used to generate a microwave drive signal that is phase-locked to an optical probe pulse and applied to the ferroelectric thin film. The induced polarization change in the ferroelectric film is measured stroboscopically via the electro-optic effect, polarization images are acquired by scanning the laser beam across the sample in a confocal geometry. Time resolution is achieved by changing the delay between the electrical pump and the optical probe, initial results show large local phase shifts in the ferroelectric response of closely separated regions of a Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film. This new experimental technique may help to understand the physical mechanisms of dielectric loss in these materials. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubert, C (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Astron, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1080/10584580008222234 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000020 ER PT S AU Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS AF Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS GP OSA OSA TI Drive voltage reduced, low crosstalk Ti : LiNbO3 digital optical switches SO INTEGRATED PHOTONICS RESEARCH, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Photonics Research CY JUL 12-15, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Reduction of the switch voltage on low loss Ti:LiNbO3-based digital optical switches with low crosstalk is presented. For any applied switch voltage higher than 9 volts, crosstalk suppression better than 45 dB is reached using a shaped y-junction design and a dilated switch arrangement. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-644-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 45 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU51E UT WOS:000176203400026 ER PT S AU Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Carruthers, TF Duling, IN AF Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Carruthers, TF Duling, IN GP OSA OSA TI Timing tolerance for electro-optic demultiplexing of 100 Gb/s OTDM data SO INTEGRATED PHOTONICS RESEARCH, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Photonics Research CY JUL 12-15, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dennis, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-644-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 45 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU51E UT WOS:000176203400048 ER PT S AU Dennis, ML Duling, IN AF Dennis, ML Duling, IN GP OSA OSA TI Polarization independent electro-optic intensity modulator SO INTEGRATED PHOTONICS RESEARCH, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Photonics Research CY JUL 12-15, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dennis, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-644-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 45 BP 289 EP 291 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU51E UT WOS:000176203400090 ER PT S AU Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS Vohra, ST AF Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS Vohra, ST GP OSA OSA TI Reflective digital optical switch (RDOS) for DWDM optical network applications SO INTEGRATED PHOTONICS RESEARCH, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Photonics Research CY JUL 12-15, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer ID COMMUNICATION; MODULATORS AB A novel, high performance, reflective digital optical switch for use in dense WDM network applications is presented. Highly reliable Ti:LiNbO3 devices show high-speed, polarization-independent reflection modulation with 30 dB on-off ratios over a wavelength range from 15201570 run. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5671,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-644-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 45 BP 317 EP 319 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU51E UT WOS:000176203400097 ER PT J AU Bhutani, KR Battou, A Khan, B AF Bhutani, KR Battou, A Khan, B TI Two approaches for aggregation of peer group topology in hierarchical PNNI networks SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE hierarchical PNNI networks; topology aggregation; logical group nodes; ATM routing AB We propose two methods for aggregation of peer group topology in hierarchical ATM networks. Both proposed aggregation methods transform a given peer group into a star graph representation. Our first approach optimally preserves, in a least square sense, the original costs of routing through the peer group. Our second approach assigns a weighted vector to the nucleus of the Logical Group Node, which quantifies the error in the compact representation. The two schemes are dual, in the sense that the first is best suited for peergroups where traffic patterns are unpredictable, and the second is suited for peergroups where traffic patterns can be characterized. Both the proposed schemes are practical: For peer groups with nodes V, Links E, and n border nodes B subset of V, the approaches run in O(n\V\log \V\ + n\E\ + poly(n)) time. The size of the final representation is small (linear in the number of border nodes) and can be computed efficiently. The scalability of the proposed algorithms makes them well-suited for use in practice. We also present a general method for measuring the degree of confidence in an aggregation scheme. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst & Sci Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhutani, KR (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOSOFT PRESS PI ALBUGUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUGUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA SN 1079-8587 J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 332QD UT WOS:000088084200003 ER PT S AU VanLehn, K Freedman, R Jordan, P Murray, C Osan, R Ringenberg, M Rose, C Schulze, K Shelby, R Treacy, D Weinstein, A Wintersgill, M AF VanLehn, K Freedman, R Jordan, P Murray, C Osan, R Ringenberg, M Rose, C Schulze, K Shelby, R Treacy, D Weinstein, A Wintersgill, M BE Gauthier, G Frasson, C VanLehn, K TI Fading and deepening: The next steps for Andes and other model-tracing tutors SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2000) CY JUN, 2000 CL MONTREAL, CANADA AB Model tracing tutors have been quite successful in teaching cognitive skills; however, they still are not as competent as expert human tutors. We propose two ways to improve model tracing tutors and in particular the Andes physics tutor. First, tutors should fade their scaffolding. Although most model tracing tutors have scaffolding that needs to be gradually removed (faded), Andes' scaffolding is already "faded," and that causes student modeling difficulties that adversely impact its tutoring. A proposed solution to this problem is presented. Second, tutors should integrate the knowledge they currently teach with other important knowledge in the task domain in order to promote deeper learning. Several types of deep learning are discussed, and it is argued that natural language processing is necessary for encouraging such learning. A new project, Atlas, is developing natural language based enhancements to model tracing tutors that are intended to encourage deeper learning. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Learning Res & Dev, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Learning Res & Dev, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM vanlehn@cs.pitt.edu OI Ringenberg, Michael/0000-0003-1907-0052 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67655-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1839 BP 474 EP 483 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS90A UT WOS:000171336100051 ER PT B AU Wilson, AR AF Wilson, AR BE See, TA TI Comprdors or Cabeillas? Colonial manila as 'Treaty Port' SO INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS, CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION, AND IDENTITY - THE ETHNIC CHINESE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Ethnic Chinese CY NOV 26-28, 1998 CL MANILA, PHILIPPINES SP Int Soc Study Chinese Overseas C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KAISA PARA SA KAUNLARAN INC PI MANILA PA 2ND FLOOR, KAISA-ANGELO KING HERITAGE CTR ANDA CORNER CABIL DO ST, MANILA, PHILIPPINES BN 971-8857-21-4 PY 2000 BP 571 EP 586 PG 16 WC Ethnic Studies; Social Issues SC Ethnic Studies; Social Issues GA BU38W UT WOS:000175879700028 ER PT S AU Hummel, CA AF Hummel, CA BE Lena, PJ Quirrenbach, A TI The practice of interferometry with NPOI SO INTERFEROMETRY IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Optical Astronomy CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE optical interferometry; NPOI; spectroscopic binaries; imaging; astrometry; atmosphere AB We discuss NPOI data, their reduction and limitations, in the areas of delay power spectra, diameter measurements of variable stars, imaging of spectroscopic binaries, and astrometry. The Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer is a three baseline (to be expanded to 15) broad-band array of 50 cm siderostats with vacuum delay lines. With NPOI, the limb-darkening of stars has been detected, images resolving spectroscopic binaries down to a few milliarcseconds have been made, and astrometric capabilities explored. Lessons learned and current efforts for improving the quality of the data are presented. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3631-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4006 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1117/12.390240 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ70B UT WOS:000089218500050 ER PT S AU Pauls, TA Hindsley, RB Bell, RA AF Pauls, TA Hindsley, RB Bell, RA BE Lena, PJ Quirrenbach, A TI Limb darkening studies with the NPOI SO INTERFEROMETRY IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Optical Astronomy CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE optical interferometry; stellar limb darkening; stellar diameters ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; STAR AB We are now extending the studies of the angular diameters and limb darkening of K giant stars to K supergiants and dwarfs using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). Our goal is to compare our diameters with those predicted from model atmosphere calculations. The K supergiants, epsilon Peg, zeta Cep, and xi Cyg, as well as the K2 dwarf, epsilon Eri, have been observed with three elements of the astrometric sub-array. The diameters for giants are in good agreement with model predictions; while the results for supergiants agree less well, the extinction corrections make the comparison more uncertain. The measured diameter for epsilon Eri is significantly larger than that predicted by the models. These results show the power of the NPOI for testing fundamental astrophysical theory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauls, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3631-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4006 BP 584 EP 587 DI 10.1117/12.390257 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ70B UT WOS:000089218500065 ER PT S AU Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D Hajian, AR Germain, ME Nordgren, TE AF Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D Hajian, AR Germain, ME Nordgren, TE BE Lena, PJ Quirrenbach, A TI Estimating errors in stellar angular diameters: Does the NPOI see the pulsation of delta Cephei? SO INTERFEROMETRY IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Optical Astronomy CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE angular diameters; error estimation; Cepheid variables ID IOTA INTERFEROMETER AB We examine our measured Cepheid diameters and the uncertainties as estimated from observations of calibrators and check stars, using delta Cephei, for which we have the most data, as our example. The mean limb-darkened diameter of delta Cep is 1.520 +/- 0.014 mas. The pulsation is only weakly seen, if at all, a tantalizing result that however does not determine the distance with useful precision. The longer baselines currently under construction will provide both high-precision diameters and a post-facto check of our uncertainty estimates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3631-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4006 BP 634 EP 639 DI 10.1117/12.390263 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ70B UT WOS:000089218500071 ER PT S AU Germain, ME AF Germain, ME BE Lena, PJ Quirrenbach, A TI Intensified CCD fringe tracker SO INTERFEROMETRY IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Optical Astronomy CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE interferometry; instrumentation AB A CCD-based fringe detection system is under development at the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). The purpose of this device is threefold: It will utilize the second output beam from the beam combiner which currently is discarded. It will provide a versatile science instrument which may be used for special investigations while fringe tracking is carried out by the existing APD system. Finally, it will provide a more powerful and flexible real-time fringe tracking system, capable of tracking on six simultaneous baselines. This system is designed around an intensified 512-pixel line-scan camera, which detects the output of three spectrometers at up to 79 delay points every millisecond. This results in a sustained data rate of over 40 MB/s. The data are used to close the real-time servo loop, and the raw data are archived to a 145 GB RAID. The requirements that this system must meet are discussed followed by a description of the hardware. The statistics of photon counting with this device are discussed from a theoretical standpoint. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Germain, ME (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3631-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4006 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1117/12.390183 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ70B UT WOS:000089218500110 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Mozurkewich, D AF Gilbreath, GC Mozurkewich, D BE Lena, PJ Quirrenbach, A TI Large aperture quad cell for fiducial alignment with large diameter beams SO INTERFEROMETRY IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Optical Astronomy CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE interferometry; quad cell; optical alignment; alignment; smart template AB In this paper, we describe progress in the design and development of a simple, low cost, lightweight means to provide large beam centering in an optical or infrared interferometer. The "smart template" is made up of silicon solar cells. A small algorithm implemented either in hardware or software measures the centering error. Stability over a four-hour period has been shown to be good to over one part in 3000 for relatively constant temperature. Digitizing the signal for automated data acquisition and control is easily implemented and will also be described. This is an enabling technology for the interferometric community where automated alignment of a large number of beams over long periods of time is critical. Use of solar cells makes the device easily translatable to a space qualifiable technology for space-based optical beam alignment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3631-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4006 BP 1128 EP 1135 DI 10.1117/12.390195 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ70B UT WOS:000089218500121 ER PT B AU Hillson, R Iglewski, M AF Hillson, R Iglewski, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI C++2MPI: A software tool for automatically generating MPI datatypes from C++ classes. SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL COMPUTING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - PARELEC 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering (PARELEC 2000) CY AUG 27-30, 2000 CL UNIV QUEBEC, TROIS RIVIERES, CANADA SP Tech Univ Bialystok, Polish Japanese Inst Comp Techn, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, St Maurice Sect, IEEE Eastern Canada Council, IEEE Canada HO UNIV QUEBEC AB The Message Passing Interface 1.1 (MPI 1.1) standard defines a library of message-passing functions for parallel and distributed computing. We have developed a new software tool called C++2MPI which can automatically generate MPI derived datatypes for a specified C++ class. C++2MPI can generate data types for derived classes, for partially and fully-specialized templated classes, and for classes with private data members. Given one or more user-provided classes as input, C++2MPI generates, compiles and archives a function for creating the MPI derived datatype. When the generated function is executed, it builds the derived MPI datatype if the datatype does nor already exist, and returns the value of an MPI handle for referencing the datatype. PGMT (Processing Graph Method Tool) is a set of program interfaces for porting the Graph Method (PGM), a parallel programming method, to diverse networks of processors. C++2MPI was developed as a component of PGMT, bur can be used as a stand-alone tool. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hillson, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0759-X PY 2000 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1109/PCEE.2000.873593 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ92H UT WOS:000090090100003 ER PT B AU Perkins, FK Fertig, SJ Brown, KA McCarthy, D Tender, LM Peckerar, MC AF Perkins, FK Fertig, SJ Brown, KA McCarthy, D Tender, LM Peckerar, MC GP IEEE IEEE TI An active microelectronic transducer for enabling label-free miniaturized chemical sensors SO INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING 2000, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc ID HYBRIDIZATION AB A device is described that enables the rapid sensing of molecules with a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity. This device is based on a depletion mode FET in which the gate electrode has been removed, certain molecular receptor species (e.g. proteins, oligonucleotides, antibodies, etc.) have been affixed, and a test solution is exposed to the gate. A counter electrode is immersed in the solution in order to establish a reference potential. Changes in the source-drain current indicate an attachment response of the system. Preliminary results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perkins, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6439-2 PY 2000 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1109/IEDM.2000.904342 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR58V UT WOS:000166855900094 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wu, F Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Finite-time exergoeconomic performance bound for a quantum Stirling engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quantum stirling engine; exergoeconomic performance; finite-time thermodynamics; quantum statistical mechanics ID HEAT ENGINE; THERMODYNAMICS; AMPLIFIER; MODEL; LAW AB The finite-time exergoeconomic optimal performance for a quantum Stirling engine is studied. The maximum exergoeconomic profit, the optimal thermal efficiency and the optimal power output of the quantum Stirling engine are obtained. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. RP USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wu@arctic.nadn.navy.mil NR 20 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 EI 1879-2197 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 2 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0020-7225(99)00025-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 266LT UT WOS:000084302000008 ER PT J AU Yu, HY Rath, BB AF Yu, HY Rath, BB TI Micromechanics of defects in transversely isotropic elastic solids with interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL INCLUSION; JOINED HALF-SPACES; AXISYMMETRICAL INCLUSION; SPHEROIDAL INCLUSION; SLIDING INCLUSIONS; SURFACE-LAYER; POINT-DEFECT; STRESS STATE; BIMATERIALS; FIELD AB The response of microstructural defects to internal and external fields is an important subject in materials science and engineering. The knowledge of elastic deformations due to defects is the first step towards understanding the fundamental effects of defects on the mechanical and physical properties of materials. A recently developed method for obtaining the explicit three-dimensional closed form elastic solution in solids with defects in the presence of an interface is reviewed. The interface is a planar boundary between two semi-infinite solids. The solids are either perfectly bonded together or in frictionless contact with each other at the planar interface. The defects are point defects, dislocations, disclinations, inclusions, elastic inhomogeneities, and thermal inhomogeneities. The method is a modified point force method. The elastic solution is expressed in terms of force double Green's functions in a simple form. The force double Green's functions are the partial derivatives of point force solutions. The only task in finding the solution is to find the appropriate surface or volume integral of functions of the distance from the defects to the point of interest. The integrals are the Newtonian potential of the defects with appropriate mass density and other biharmonic and harmonic potentials that are associated with the Newtonian potentials. The same method applies to both isotropic and transversely isotropic solids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 127 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 EI 1743-2804 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PY 2000 VL 45 IS 6 BP 241 EP 269 DI 10.1179/095066000101528386 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 407MZ UT WOS:000167276500002 ER PT B AU Provenzano, V Krasilnikov, NA Pavlenko, DV Rickerby, DG Zhilyaev, AP AF Provenzano, V Krasilnikov, NA Pavlenko, DV Rickerby, DG Zhilyaev, AP BE Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ TI Structure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained chromium produced by severe plastic deformation processing SO INVESTIGATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation CY AUG 02-07, 1999 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO ID METALS; BEHAVIOR C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Provenzano, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6280-2 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 80 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR79L UT WOS:000167556400037 ER PT B AU Bollt, EM AF Bollt, EM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Controlling invariant density: An l(infinity) solution to the inverse Frobenius-Perron problem SO ISCAS 2000: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS, VOL II: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2000) CY MAY 28-31, 2000 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol ID APPROXIMATION; CHAOS AB In a previous paper, [1], we gave a new formalism to solve the Inverse Frobenius-Perron Problem (IFPP), to produce a dynamical system, uniformly nearby a given dynamical system, but with a drastically different and desirable invariant density Our previous algorithm reduced the problem of producing the dynamical system G with desirable statistics beta(x), into a constrained optimization problem, which we solved in l(2). However, we pointed out that if this l(2) solution does not correspond to a useful solution, one could not conclude nonexistence, The Im solution to the same optimization problem allows for a sharp existence-nonexistence theorem. In this paper, we present for the first time an l(infinity) algorithm which produces solutions to our IFPP, and conclude our nonexistence theorem which is pertinant to this solution. Then we discuss applications in control of chaos, both by open-loop control strategies for maps, and we discuss future applications to feedback control of flows. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2000 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ57S UT WOS:000088843300029 ER PT B AU Barrows, GL Krantz, B AF Barrows, GL Krantz, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Integrated RF sensors for electronic warfare applications SO ISCAS 2000: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS, VOL V: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2000) CY MAY 28-31, 2000 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol AB This paper describes a research effort to develop integrated RF sensors for various electronic warfare applications. The immediate application is to enable a micro air vehicle (MAV) to detect and home in on a radar or other RF emitter. Thus the sensors must be able to detect RF signals in frequency bands of interest, identify RF emitters of interest, and provide bearing information to the selected RF emitter. The sensor must weigh no more than several grams in order to fly aboard an MAV. To fabricate such sensors, we are developing compact circuits to detect wide-band RF signals, to identify RF emitters, and to perform direction finding (DF). We are implementing such sensors in CMOS to keep production costs low. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrows, GL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Code 5722, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2000 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ57V UT WOS:000088845800048 ER PT B AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Vector delta-sigma modulation with integral shaping of hardware-mismatch errors SO ISCAS 2000: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS, VOL V: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2000) CY MAY 28-31, 2000 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol ID CONVERTERS AB A common architecture here unifies ordinary scalar delta-sigma modulators, vector I/O delta-sigma modulators (including parallel banks of scalar ones), mismatch-shaping DACs, delta-sigma modulators incorporating mismatch-shaping DACs in the conventional way, and something new: scalar or vector delta-sigma modulators incorporating spectral shaping of hardware mismatches as a natural and integral part of the modulator structure. The common architecture resembles a conventional delta-sigma loop but using vector signals and a vector quantizer to operate in a space of higher dimension than the input/output, which are inserted/extracted from the loop along a subspace. The expansion of dimension provides the redundancy that permits the spectral shaping of hardware errors. This common view of these systems suggests that the multidimensional structure of the quantizer is key. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2000 BP 677 EP 680 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ57V UT WOS:000088845800170 ER PT S AU Fischer, J AF Fischer, J BE Salama, A Kessler, MF Leech, K Schulz, B TI Galaxies: The long wavelength view SO ISO BEYOND THE PEAKS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Infrared Space Observatory on Analytical Spectroscopy CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Infrared Space Observ DE galaxies : starburst; galaxies : ultraluminous; galaxies : ISM; infrared : galaxies; infrared : spectra ID EMISSION; REGIONS; ARP-220; M82; GAS AB Far-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the ISO LWS has shown that there is strong variation (more than 2 orders of magnitude) in the [C II]/FIR ratios in galaxies extending from blue compact dwarfs, to normal and starburst galaxies, down to elliptical and ultraluminous galaxies (ULIGs). The variation in the relative [C II] 158 mum line strength has been attributed to low metallicity in blue compact dwarfs, high [G(o)]/n for normal galaxies and ULIGs, soft radiation fields in ellipticals, and extinction or enhanced abundance of dust in ionized regions in ULIGs. Full ISO/LWS far-infrared (43 - 197 mum) spectra of six nearby IR-bright galaxies reveal a dramatic progression of decreasing fine-structure line emission from ionized species to molecular (OH and H2O) absorption line dominated. The archetypical ULIG, Arp 220, lies at the absorption line dominated end of this sequence. For Arp 220, radiative transfer models indicate that it is optically thick in the FIR and that the water molecules observed in absorption are radiatively excited. If extinction plays a role in the sequence it appears from this analysis that the affected regions are heavily obscured even in the far-infrared, while the detected line emission is not more obscured in ULIGs than in starbursts. Linear correlation between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 6.2 mum feature strength and the [C II] 158 mum line strength in starbursts and ULIGs suggests a similar effect for these emitting species, and that the detected PAH emission is not more obscured in ULIGs than in lower luminosity starbursts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-665-1 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2000 VL 456 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BR83U UT WOS:000167740000053 ER PT J AU Sikora, TD Thompson, DR Bleidorn, JC AF Sikora, TD Thompson, DR Bleidorn, JC TI Testing the diagnosis of marine atmospheric boundary-layer structure from synthetic aperture radar SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article DE air-sea interaction; boundary-layer meteorology; synthetic aperture radar ID SEA-SURFACE; WIND STRESS; IMAGERY; FLUX; SAR AB A method for calculating Obukhov lengths and drag coefficients from high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-generated wind speed imagery was tested. The wind imagery was created from six Radarsat scenes collected off the East Coast of the United States during cold air outbreaks in the winter of 1997. Comparisons were made between the drag coefficients and Obukhov lengths obtained from the SAR method and those obtained from the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment 2.5 Bulk Flux Algorithm. This algorithm uses corresponding buoy data as input. In general, the drag coefficients were in good agreement. Agreement was less precise between the two methods when comparing Obukhov lengths. It is important that the SAR imagery be inspected for the signature of convection (mottling) before implementation of the SAR method. Potential sources of disagreement between the results of the two methods are discussed. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 283RN UT WOS:000085289300014 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T TI New model for vortex decay in the atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID WAKE VORTICES; AIRCRAFT AB A new vortex decay model for the prediction of the descent of aircraft trailing vortices subjected to realistic environmental conditions (stratification, turbulence, crosswind, headwind, shear effects, and ground effect) is presented, and the model is applied to field data obtained with Lidar in Memphis and Dallas-Fort Worth airports. Although the model has not yet been fully optimized, the predictions and field data compare reasonably well. Some flights, particularly in unstable environments, exhibit behavior unexplainable in terms of the assumed, measured, and/or indirectly calculated input parameters, for example, vortex separation, uncertainties in Lidar measurements, stratification, shear, gravity currents, head- and crosswinds, turbulent kinetic energy, and/or the eddy dissipation rate. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.2514/2.2561 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 281YF UT WOS:000085188500008 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, ME TI Quasi-shuffle products SO JOURNAL OF ALGEBRAIC COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article DE Hopf algebra; shuffle algebra; quasi-symmetric function; noncommutative symmetric function; quantum shuffle product ID SYMMETRICAL FUNCTIONS; QUANTUM GROUPS; ALGEBRAS AB Given a locally finite graded set A and a commutative, associative operation on A that adds degrees, we construct a commutative multiplication * on the set of noncommutative polynomials in A which we call a quasi-shuffle product; it can be viewed as a generalization of the shuffle product III. We extend this commutative algebra structure to a Hopf algebra (U, *, Delta); in the case where A is the set of positive integers and the operation on A is addition, this gives the Hopf algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. If rational coefficients are allowed, the quasi-shuffle product is in fact no more general than the shuffle product; we give an isomorphism exp of the shuffle Hopf algebra (U, III, Delta) onto (U, *, Delta) the set L of Lyndon words on A and their images {exp(w) \ w is an element of L} freely generate the algebra (U, *). We also consider the graded dual of (U, *, Delta). We define a deformation *(q) of * that coincides with * when q = 1 and is isomorphic to the concatenation product when q is not a root of unity. Finally, we discuss various examples, particularly the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions (dual to the noncommutative symmetric functions) and the algebra of Euler sums. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 20 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9899 J9 J ALGEBR COMB JI J. Algebr. Comb. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 49 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1008791603281 PG 20 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 280DT UT WOS:000085087500003 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NA Edwards, A Rao, MV Mittereder, J Anderson, WT AF Papanicolaou, NA Edwards, A Rao, MV Mittereder, J Anderson, WT TI Cr/Al and Cr/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts to n-type GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE AB In this work we investigate the performance of Cr/Al and Cr/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts on n-type GaN. Annealing of the contacts was achieved by using a low temperature conventional quartz tube furnace in an Ar ambient and a new vacuum annealing technique using a tungsten strip heater. Low specific contact resistivity (rho(c)) metallizations were achieved with furnace annealing at considerably lower temperatures (550-600 degrees C) than those typically required for GaN contacts by halogen lamp rapid thermal annealing (similar to 900 degrees C). Vacuum annealing was found to require temperatures similar to those used in halogen lamp rapid thermal annealing for forming ohmic contacts on n-type GaN, but with minimal oxidation of the Al surface. For the Cr/Al bilayer on GaN with n doping of 10(18) cm(-3), minimum specific contact resistivities of 1.6x10(-4) Omega cm(2) and 2.3x10(-5) Omega cm(2) were achieved for furnace annealing and vacuum annealing, respectively. Our experiments showed that, when Cr was used as a contact material, the simultaneous presence of Cr and Al was necessary in order to obtain the best possible ohmic properties. Furthermore, the Cr/Al contacts maintained good stability at elevated temperatures. The Cr/Al/Ni/Au system offers lower rho(c) values and even greater temperature stability than the Cr/Al system when annealed in the 800-1200 degrees C temperature range. Atomic force microscopy investigations indicated that the introduction of the Ni/Au overlayer had the effect of increasing the surface roughness after annealing. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)10201-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM papanicolaou@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1063/1.371871 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300059 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF AF Gordon, DF TI Asimovian adaptive agents SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODEL CHECKING; AUTOMATA AB The goal of this research is to develop agents that are adaptive and predictable and timely. At first blush, these three requirements seem contradictory. For example, adaptation risks introducing undesirable side effects, thereby making agents' behavior less predictable. Furthermore, although formal verification can assist in ensuring behavioral predictability, it is known to be time-consuming. Our solution to the challenge of satisfying all three requirements is the following. Agents have finite-state automaton plans, which are adapted online via evolutionary learning (perturbation) operators. To ensure that critical behavioral constraints are always satisfied, agents' plans are first formally verified. They are then reverified after every adaptation. If reverification concludes that constraints are violated, the plans are repaired. The main objective of this paper is to improve the efficience of reverification after learning, so that agents have a sufficiently rapid response time. We present two solutions: positive results that certain learning operators are a priori guaranteed to preserve useful classes of behavioral assurance constraints (which implies that no reverification is needed for these operators), and efficient incremental reverification algorithms for those learning operators that have negative a priori results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM GORDON@AIC.NRL.NAVY.MIL NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 EI 1943-5037 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 2000 VL 13 BP 95 EP 153 PG 59 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 357ZL UT WOS:000089532700001 ER PT J AU Immel, TJ Craven, JD Nicholas, AC AF Immel, TJ Craven, JD Nicholas, AC TI An empirical model of the OIFUV dayglow from DE-1 images SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamics Explorer 1; dayglow; OI; thermospheric storms; airglow 130.4 ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; MIDDLE LATITUDES; COLUMN DENSITY; FUV DAYGLOW; OI 1304-A; SOLAR EUV; THERMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE AB A refined empirical model of the Dynamics Explorer-1 far-ultraviolet (FUV) imaging photometer's response to Earth's quiet time FUV dayglow has been developed for thermospheric studies. The mean photometer response is based upon FUV observations in 156 images obtained during the first five months of imager operations (September 1981-January 1982) and is determined as a function of solar and satellite zenith angles, observational azimuth and solar clock angles, and solar radio flux. Variations with each parameter are characterized and, where possible, fitted with an appropriate function. The fitted response, based on the n-th power of the cosine of the solar zenith angle, is within 10% of actual mean values at all observed solar and satellite zenith angles and is consistent with the results of a first-principles calculation. Subtraction of the model background from other DE-1 images indirectly reveals the enhancement or diminution of thermospheric O/N-2 column density ratios due to transport and Joule heating effects. An analysis of summer storm-time images from the Southern Hemisphere demonstrates the use of the model in revealing these effects. The technique developed here is readily applicable to other FUV data sets. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci & Instrumentat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Immel, TJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci & Instrumentat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 47 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00082-6 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293FZ UT WOS:000085842200005 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Braun, T Schubert, A Toothman, DR Humenik, JA AF Kostoff, RN Braun, T Schubert, A Toothman, DR Humenik, JA TI Fullerene data mining using bibliometrics and database tomography SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Database tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: (1) algorithms for extracting multiword phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multiword technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment (2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to derive technical intelligence from a fullerenes database derived from the Science Citation Index and the Engineering Compendex. Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain experts provided the pervasive technical themes of the fullerenes database, and phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the fullerenes literature supplemented the DT results with author/journal/institution publication and citation data. Comparisons of fullerenes results with past analyses of similarly structured near-earth space, chemistry, hypersonic/supersonic flow, aircraft, and ship hydrodynamics databases are made. One important finding is that many of the normalized bibliometric distribution functions are extremely consistent across these diverse technical domains and could reasonably be expected to apply to broader chemical topics than fullerenes that span multiple structural classes. Finally, lessons learned about integrating the technical domain experts with the data mining tools are presented. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-1443 Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci Lib, Budapest, Hungary. RSIS Inc, Mclean, VA USA. Noesis Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM KOSTOFR@ONR.NAVY.MIL RI Schubert, Andras/H-8045-2015 OI Schubert, Andras/0000-0001-8348-1775 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1021/ci990045n PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 278YP UT WOS:000085016800002 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Zhang, YS Li, T AF Chang, CP Zhang, YS Li, T TI Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs. Part I: Roles of the subtropical ridge SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; CHINA SEA; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; ENSO; REGIONS AB The interannual relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon and the tropical Pacific SSTs is studied using rainfall data in the Yangtze River Valley and the NCEP reanalysis for 1951-96. The datasets are also partitioned into two periods, 1951-77 and 1978-96, to study the interdecadal variations of this relationship. A wet summer monsoon is preceded by a warm equatorial eastern Pacific in the previous winter and followed by a cold equatorial eastern Pacific in the following fall. This relationship involves primarily the rainfall during the pre-Mei-yu/Mei-yu season (May-June) but not the post-Mei-yu season (July-August). In a wet monsoon year, the western North Pacific subtropical ridge is stronger as a result of positive feedback that involves the anomalous Hadley and Walker circulations, an atmospheric Rossby wave response to the western Pacific complementary cooling, and the evaporation-wind feedback. This ridge extends farther to the west from the previous winter to the following fall, resulting in an 850-hPa anomalous anticyclone near the southeast coast of China. This anticyclone 1) blocks the pre-Mei-yu and Mei-yu fronts from moving southward thereby extending the time that the fronts produce stationary rainfall; 2) enhances the pressure gradient to its northwest resulting in a more intense front; and 3) induces anomalous warming of the South China Sea surface through increased downwelling, which leads to a higher moisture supply to the rain area. A positive feedback from the strong monsoon rainfall also appears to occur, leading to an intensified anomalous anticyclone near the monsoon region. This SST-subtropical ridge-monsoon rainfall relationship is observed in both the interannual timescale within each interdecadal period and in the interdecadal scale. The SST anomalies (SSTAs) change sign in northern spring and resemble a tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) pattern during the first interdecadal period (1951-77). In the second interdecadal period (1978-96) the sign change occurs in northern fall and the TBO pattern in the equatorial eastern Pacific SST is replaced by longer timescales. This interdecadal variation of the monsoon-SST relationship results from the interdecadal change of the background state of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. This difference gives rise to the different degrees of importance of the feedback from the anomalous circulations near the monsoon region to the equatorial eastern Pacific. In a wet monsoon year, the anomalous easterly winds south of the monsoon-enhanced anomalous anticyclone start to propagate slowly eastward toward the eastern Pacific in May and June, apparently as a result of an atmosphere-ocean coupled wave motion. These anomalous easterlies carry with them a cooling effect on the ocean surface. In 1951-77 this effect is insignificant as the equatorial eastern Pacific SSTAs, already change from warm to cold in northern spring, probably as a result of negative feedback processes discussed in ENSO mechanisms. In 1978-96 the equatorial eastern Pacific has a warmer mean SST. A stronger positive feedback between SSTA and the Walker circulation during a warm phase tends to keep the SSTA warm until northern fall, when the eastward-propagating anomalous easterly winds reach the eastern Pacific and reverse the SSTA. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 39 TC 375 Z9 459 U1 7 U2 86 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 24 BP 4310 EP 4325 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4310:IAIVOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 385EF UT WOS:000165989100006 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Zhang, YS Li, T AF Chang, CP Zhang, YS Li, T TI Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs. Part II: Meridional structure of the monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; CHINA; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL AB The relationship between the interannual variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and that of the tropical SST shows considerable variations. In this study, rainfall in the southeastern coastal area of China (SEC) during 1951-96 is used to composite the tropical SST, 850-hPa wind, and 500-hPa height. The results relative to the May-June rainfall, which represents most of the SEC summer monsoon rainfall, are compared to the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) rainfall composites. It is shown that strong interdecadal changes in the Pacific may account for the observed variations in the meridional structure of the monsoon-SST relationship. The western Pacific 500-hPa subtropical ridge, which is influenced by the equatorial eastern Pacific SST, is crucial to these variations. During 1951-77 the SEC wet phase is produced by an anomalous anticyclone in the northern South China Sea, which tends to make the monsoon pre-Mei-yu and Mei-yu fronts quasi-stationary in the general area of both SEC and YRV, and also helps to warm the SST in the northern South China Sea. In this case the monsoon rainfalls in the two regions are in phase. During 1978-96 the mean equatorial eastern Pacific SST is higher, leading to a stronger and more expansive mean western Pacific subtropical ridge. Its proximity to the SEC region causes the latter to experience a strong interdecadal change, with less mean rainfall than 1951-77. Within the 1978-96 period, the anomalous anticyclone sustaining the YRV wet phase is situated near SEC, suppressing the SEC rainfall. Therefore the SEC and YRV rainfalls become out of phase. The SEC wet phase in 1978-96 depends on an anomalous 850-hPa cyclone in the East China Sea. This anomalous cyclone, which transports moist air onshore from the east resulting in maximum moisture convergence in SEC, develops when the western Pacific subtropical ridge is weak and displaced equatorward. The flow is more baroclinic and the monsoon fronts are active in the southeast coastal area. In this case the SEC and YRV rainfalls are uncorrelated. The July and August SEC wet phases show opposite characteristics. The wet July phase depends on anomalous 850-hPa cyclonic circulation in the northern South China Sea (and the East China Sea during 1951-77), which requires a retreat of the western edge of the western Pacific subtropical ridge. The anomalous South China Sea cyclone may be due to more frequent tropical cyclone activity. This is in contrast to the wet August phase, which is associated with anomalous anticyclones in the northern South China Sea and a greater westward extension of the subtropical ridge. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 159 Z9 191 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 24 BP 4326 EP 4340 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4326:IAIVOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 385EF UT WOS:000165989100007 ER PT J AU Brady, RF AF Brady, RF TI Clean hulls without poisons: Devising and testing nontoxic marine coatings SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Federation-of-Societies- for-Coatings-Technology CY OCT 20, 1999 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Fed Soc Coatings Technol ID INTERFACIAL SLIPPAGE; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ADHESION; MUSSEL AB Because this paper marks 50 years since the first Mattiello Memorial Lecture, it begins with a remembrance of the man in whose honor we meet and an appreciation of his character and his contributions to the coatings industry. The body of the paper is concerned with the coating used on a hull of a ship to prevent the accumulation of barnacles and other fouling. The most effective antifouling paint now being used contains toxins and will be forbidden by international regulations within eight years. The ideal replacement will be a nontoxic material that resists the attachment of marine life and encourages the organisms to fall off the ship. This describes laboratory and field work during the past 18 years on a variety of fluorinated coatings and silicone coatings with these properties and criteria for formulating successful nontoxic coatings. Silicone and fluorinated coatings frustrate fouling by different mechanisms, and thus the criteria for a successful coating are distinct in important ways. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brady, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 67 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 USA SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 72 IS 900 BP 44 EP + PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 270DF UT WOS:000084519600010 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ TI Independent components of event-related electroencephalographic data SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Salk Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Coconut Grove, FL 33133 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Danish Tech Univ, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PY 2000 SU S MA 32D BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 292UQ UT WOS:000085813800413 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Levush, B AF Cooke, SJ Levush, B TI Eigenmode solution of 2-D and 3-D electromagnetic cavities containing absorbing materials using the Jacobi-Davidson algorithm SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; 3D COMPUTATIONS; ARNOLDI METHOD; ITERATION; MHD; 2D AB Eigenmodes of electromagnetic cavities containing absorbing dielectric materials are determined using an adaptation of the Jacobi-Davidson technique to solve discrete matrix eigenequations derived from Maxwell's equations. The discretisations, obtained using finite difference and finite integration methods, give rise to non-Hermitian matrices, having complex eigenvalues, and the Jacobi-Davidson method is shown to be applicable even when very low-Q cavity eigenmodes exist in the presence of highly lossy dielectric or permeable materials. Examples are given of eigensolutions for both 2-D (cylindrically symmetric) and 3-D electromagnetic operators. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 157 IS 1 BP 350 EP 370 DI 10.1006/jcph.1999.6386 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 273LD UT WOS:000084708400014 ER PT J AU Hartzell, SL Stansbury, JW Schumacher, GE AF Hartzell, SL Stansbury, JW Schumacher, GE TI Comparison of Bis-GMA/HEMA and UDMA/HEMA adhesive resins. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Dent, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FRC, ADAHF, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 31 BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000029 ER PT J AU Grant, GT Kelly, JR AF Grant, GT Kelly, JR TI Failure behavior of human cranial bone and development calcium phosphate implants. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Inst Dent Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 100 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000102 ER PT J AU Bettios, I D'Alesandro, M Miller, GA AF Bettios, I D'Alesandro, M Miller, GA TI Fibroblast cytotoxicity and inflammation after exposure to denture soft liners. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Dent, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 105 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000105 ER PT J AU Kelly, JR Berninghaus, ME Antonucci, JM AF Kelly, JR Berninghaus, ME Antonucci, JM TI Failure behavior and modeling of all-ceramic FPD connectors. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 165 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000163 ER PT J AU Tran, N Getka, T Paul, B Nicell, B Assad, D AF Tran, N Getka, T Paul, B Nicell, B Assad, D TI Comparison of subepithelial connective tissue grafts and calcium sulfate barriers in the treatment of gingival recession. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 228 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000230 ER PT J AU Hunter, BT Kelly, JR AF Hunter, BT Kelly, JR TI Simulating clinical failure during in vitro testing of all-ceramic crowns. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 234 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000237 ER PT J AU Ragain, JC McKinney, MD AF Ragain, JC McKinney, MD TI Color parameter correlations for teeth and esthetic restorative materials. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Inst Dent Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 391 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000388 ER PT J AU Walker, RJ Eichmiller, FC AF Walker, RJ Eichmiller, FC TI The effect of amorphous calcium phosphate application on Dentin/Enamel adhesion. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NIST, ADA Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 415 BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000412 ER PT J AU Pazirandeh, M Stone, ME Pederson, ED AF Pazirandeh, M Stone, ME Pederson, ED TI Mercury removal from dental wastewater by a microbial bioadsorbent derived from genetically engineered bacteria SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 673 BP 228 EP 228 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000672 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, KT Antonucci, JM Schumacher, GE AF Fitzpatrick, KT Antonucci, JM Schumacher, GE TI Effect of photoinitiator concentration in a dentin bonding system. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Dent, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ADAHF, PRC, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 849 BP 250 EP 250 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000847 ER PT J AU Pederson, ED Jones, GK Stone, ME Karaway, RS Auxer, RA Davis, SL AF Pederson, ED Jones, GK Stone, ME Karaway, RS Auxer, RA Davis, SL TI Evaluation of a commercial mercury removal device. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Inst Dent Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 1386 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937001384 ER PT J AU Hemker, ML Diefenderfer, KE Leclaire, CC AF Hemker, ML Diefenderfer, KE Leclaire, CC TI Effect of dentin collagen depletion on the microleakage of resin composite restorations. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst Detachment, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 1682 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937001680 ER PT J AU Carey, CM Bright, A Spencer, M Shore, NA AF Carey, CM Bright, A Spencer, M Shore, NA TI pH influences fluoride release from glass ionomer cement. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, ADA Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 1714 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937001712 ER PT J AU Freedman, R Diefenderfer, KE Benjamin, VA AF Freedman, R Diefenderfer, KE Benjamin, VA TI Effects of daily fluoride exposures on fluoride release by glass ionomer-based restoratives. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst Detachment, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 1717 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937001710 ER PT J AU Young, BW Diefenderfer, KE AF Young, BW Diefenderfer, KE TI Effect of primer/adhesive penetration time on the bond strengths of three single-component adhesives. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Dent Res Inst Detachment, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 1854 BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937001850 ER PT J AU Alfano, SG Kelly, FR AF Alfano, SG Kelly, FR TI Strength of bioactive calcium phosphate cement as a function of processing variables. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 2317 BP 433 EP 433 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937002309 ER PT J AU Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Gorman, RJ Twigg, ME Fatemi, M Freitas, JA Moore, WJ AF Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Gorman, RJ Twigg, ME Fatemi, M Freitas, JA Moore, WJ TI The influence of OMVPE growth pressure on the morphology, compensation, and doping of GaN and related alloys SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL PONTE VEDRA BEACH, FLORIDA DE GaN; epitaxy; pressure; grain size; transport; MOCVD; TEM; PL ID DISLOCATIONS; SCATTERING; SAPPHIRE AB Growth pressure has a dramatic influence on the grain size, transport characteristics, optical recombination processes, and alloy composition of GaN and AlGaN films. We report on systematic studies which have been performed in a close spaced showerhead reactor and a vertical quartz tube reactor, which demonstrate increased grain size with increased growth pressure. Data suggesting the compensating nature of grain boundaries in GaN films is presented, and the impact of grain size on high mobility silicon-doped GaN and highly resistive unintentionally doped GaN films is discussed. We detail the influence of pressure on AlGaN film growth, and show how AlGaN must be grown at pressures which are lower than those used for the growth of optimized GaN films. By controlling growth pressure, we have grown high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device structures having highly resistive (105 Ohm-cm) isolation layers, room temperature sheet carrier concentrations of 1.2 x 10(13) cm(-2) and mobilities of 1500 cm(2)/Vs, and reduced trapping effects in fabricated devices. C1 USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wickenden, AE (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 24 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0088-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 278WN UT WOS:000085012100005 ER PT J AU Das, AK Kilty, HP Marto, PJ Kumar, A Andeen, GB AF Das, AK Kilty, HP Marto, PJ Kumar, A Andeen, GB TI Dropwise condensation of steam on horizontal corrugated tubes using an organic self-assembled monolayer coating SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE dropwise condensation; steam; corrugated tube; organic coating; monolayer ID SURFACES; CONDENSERS; GOLD AB Steam condensation on corrugated tubes has been enhanced by using a hydrophobic coating to promote dropwise condensation. The coating was created with self-assembled-monolayers (SAMs) on gold and copper-nickel alloy surfaces. SAMs are formed by chemisorption of alkylthiols on these metal surfaces. The negligible thickness (10-15 Angstrom) of SAMs results in negligible heat transfer resistance. Moreover, only a minuscule amount of the organic material is needed to create these monolayers, so there is no possible contamination threat to the system from erosion of the coating, The coating was applied directly to Korodense corrugated tubes made of 90/10 copper-nickel, and to a previously gold-sputtered titanium Korodense tube. The quality of the drops on SAMs, based on visual observation, was found to be similar for the two surfaces, with the gold-sputtered titanium surface showing a slight superiority over the copper-nickel surface. When compared to filmwise condensation, the coating increased the condensation heat transfer coefficient by factors of 3.6 and 2.7, at a wall subcooling of about 16 degrees C, for copper-nickel and gold-sputtered titanium Korodense tubes, respectively, under atmospheric operation (101 kPa). The respective enhancements under vacuum (10 kPa) conditions were 2.5 and 2.3 at a wall subcooling of about 6 degrees C. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Optigon Technol, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. RP Marto, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP + PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 288LB UT WOS:000085563300004 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Smith, FP AF Kidwell, DA Smith, FP TI Commentary on Wu AHB, Hill DW, Crouch D, Hodnett CN, McCurdy HH. Minimal standards for the performance and interpretation of toxicology test in legal proceedings. J Forensic Sci 1999; 44(3): 516-522. SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; URINE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Justice Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kidwell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293BB UT WOS:000085830700041 PM 10641951 ER PT J AU Park, SY AF Park, SY TI Analysis of junction conditions in optimal aeroassisted orbital plane change SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID STATE INEQUALITY CONSTRAINTS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; TOUCH POINTS; VARIABLES; FLIGHT AB The atmospheric pass of the optimal heating-rate constrained aeroassisted orbital plane-change problem is considered. The problem formulation includes the thrust magnitude as a control variable. The junction conditions are the optimality conditions that must he satisfied by every pair of adjoining subarcs of the optimal trajectory. An analysis of these junction conditions shows that a number of prior assumptions on concatenating optimal subarcs must he revised. This is because the Hamiltonian of the problem is no longer regular due to the inclusion of thrust magnitude as a control variable. Necessary conditions for jump discontinuities in the angle of attack and thrust control are derived. We show that these necessary conditions permit a nontangential entry. Our conditions also show that a number of extremals hitherto not considered in the literature should he included in the construction of the switching structure. In addition, a number of new junction conditions are derived that may be used by numerical analysts to validate their codes, One interesting consequence of our analysis is a demonstration of the dual relationship between singular points and touch points. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Park, Sang-Young/F-5989-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.2514/2.4496 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 275AX UT WOS:000084798200015 ER PT J AU Weiss, DD Stevens, DM Yan, JG Lynch, KL Warnock, GR Matloub, HS AF Weiss, DD Stevens, DM Yan, JG Lynch, KL Warnock, GR Matloub, HS TI Hyperbaric oxygen: A means of decreasing ischemic epiphyseal damage in a pediatric rabbit model SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE hyperbaric oxygen; ischemic epiphysis; rabbit ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; REPLANTATION; CHILDREN; FLAPS; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on epiphyseal ischemia was evaluated using a pediatric rabbit model. Forty-five animals were compared in this study: 23 from a control pilot study and 22 hyperbaric exposed animals. In each animal the right distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses were isolated on a popliteal vascular pedicle. The left leg acted as the control. The growth difference between the rabbit's hindlimbs was the means of comparison throughout the groups established. Warm ischemia was induced by applying a vascular clamp to the right popliteal artery for 12 hours (20 animals) and 7 hours (17 animals). The remaining 8 animals underwent a sham operation without interruption of epiphyseal perfusion. On completion of the ischemic period hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was performed on 12 12-hour (12h-HBOT) and 10 7-hour (7h-HBOT) animals at 2 atmospheres for 90 minutes twice per day for 4 postoperative days. The animals were killed on either postoperative day 14 or 90. Measurement of longitudinal bone growth was performed on the 90-day animals from serial radiographs at the rime of surgery and then at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. There was no significant difference in longitudinal bone growth between the sham-operated and the 7h-HBOT animals at 1, 2, and 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference, however, between the normal growth of the 7h-HBOT group compared with the abnormal growth of the 7-hour, 12-hour, and 12h-HBOT animals. Histology was consistent, with the bone growth data demonstrating relative normalcy of the 7h-HBOT group epiphyseal plates versus severe architectural aberrance and necrosis of the 12h-HBOT group epiphyses. Our experimental data indicate that a clinical trial should be instituted using HBO for pediatric replantation patients when warm ischemia exceeds 7 hours. (C) 2000 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Matloub, HS (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 25A IS 1 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 278TF UT WOS:000085004500023 PM 10642487 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Diveley, JP Savary, JR Wallace, MR Maigetter, RZ Jensen, FC Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Diveley, JP Savary, JR Wallace, MR Maigetter, RZ Jensen, FC Carlo, DJ TI CXCR4 and CCR5 expression on CD4(+) T cells in vivo and HIV-1 antigen beta-chemokine production in vitro after treatment with HIV-1 immunogen (REMUNE) SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CCR5; beta-chemokine; REMUNE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; PROGRESSION; RESISTANCE; DELETION; MACAQUES; ALLELE; AIDS AB Background: The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 have been identified as the major coreceptors for HIV-1 on CD-IC cells and macrophages. The natural ligands for these receptors are SDF-1 and the beta-chemokines (MIP-1 alpha. MIP-I beta, RANTES), respectively, and are the products of a variety of immune cells, including CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Study Design/Methods: We hypothesized that the ability to stimulate the natural ligands for these receptors using an immune based therapy might influence in vivo chemokine receptor expression. Results: In vivo CXCR4 expression remained stable after treat-ment with an HIV-1 Immunogen (REMUNE), whereas CCR5 expression on CD4(+) T cells decreased (p < .05). Furthermore, HIV-1 antigen-specific production of beta-chemokines in vitro was also augmented (P < .05). Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that this HIV-1-specific immune-based therapy carl stimulate antigen-specific beta-chemokine production in vitro and downregulate CCR5 receptor expression on CD4 cells in vivo. C1 Immune Repsones Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Repsones Corp, 5935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1090-9508 J9 J HUMAN VIROL JI J. Human Virol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 3 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 299TW UT WOS:000086214800006 PM 10774806 ER PT J AU El Sayed, NM Gomatos, PJ Beck-Sague, CM Dietrich, U von Briesen, H Osmanov, S Esparza, J Arthur, RR Wahdan, MH Jarvis, WR AF El Sayed, NM Gomatos, PJ Beck-Sague, CM Dietrich, U von Briesen, H Osmanov, S Esparza, J Arthur, RR Wahdan, MH Jarvis, WR TI Epidemic transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in renal dialysis centers in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV; STABILITY; BLOOD AB In 1993 an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection occurred among 39 patients at 2 renal dialysis centers in Egypt, The centers, private center A (PCA) and university center A (UCA) were visited, HIV-infected patients were interviewed, seroconversion rates at UCA were calculated, and relatedness of HIV strains was determined by sequence analysis; 34 (62%) of 55 patients from UCA and 5 (42%) of 12 patients from PCA were HIV-infected. The HIV seroconversion risk at UCA varied significantly with day and shift of dialysis session. Practices that resulted in sharing of syringes among patients were observed at both centers. The analyzed V3 loop sequences of the HIV strain of 12 outbreak patients were >96% related to each other. V3 loop sequences from each of 8 HIV-infected Egyptians unrelated to the 1993 epidemic were only 76%-89% related to those from outbreak strains, Dialysis patients may be at risk for HIV infection if infection control guidelines are not followed. C1 Minist Hlth & Populat, Natl AIDS Programme, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Alexandria, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Georg Speyer Haus, Frankfurt, Germany. WHO, Global Programme AIDS, Joint UN Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Gomatos, PJ (reprint author), Broadway Hlth Ctr, 301 Broadway Ave, Riviera Beach, FL 33404 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 181 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1086/315167 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 282QJ UT WOS:000085229300013 PM 10608755 ER PT J AU Grouard-Vogel, G Mascola, J Sun, W Louder, M Wu, S Brachtel, E Murphy, G Robb, M Birx, D Hayes, C Frankel, S AF Grouard-Vogel, G Mascola, J Sun, W Louder, M Wu, S Brachtel, E Murphy, G Robb, M Birx, D Hayes, C Frankel, S TI Immature human dendritic cells/Langerhans cells are targets for dengue virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HM Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. WRAIR, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. WRAIR, Div Virus Dis, Washington, DC USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 114 IS 1 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 276GF UT WOS:000084866700104 ER PT J AU Joyner, D AF Joyner, D TI On finite dimensional representations of non-connected reductive groups SO JOURNAL OF LIE THEORY LA English DT Article AB We extend the classification of irreducible finite dimensional representations of almost simple algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero to certain non-connected groups G where the component group is cyclic. We also extend some of Steinberg's results on the adjoint quotient G --> T/W to these non-connected groups. These results are used to describe the geometry of theta-conjugacy classes of G(o), where theta is an automorphism of the connected group G(o). As an application, we show that there is a "functorial" correspondence between virtual (finite dimensional) characters of theta-invariant representations of G and virtual characters of an endoscopic group H of G. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDERMANN VERLAG PI LEMGO PA LANGER GRABEN 13D, 32657 LEMGO, GERMANY SN 0949-5932 J9 J LIE THEORY JI J. Lie Theory PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 269 EP 284 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 336TP UT WOS:000088319300002 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Kim, H Khan, HR Pique, A Horwitz, JS Chrisey, D Skelton, EF AF Qadri, SB Kim, H Khan, HR Pique, A Horwitz, JS Chrisey, D Skelton, EF TI Optical and electrical properties of transparent conducting In2O3-ZrO2 films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB The optical transparencies and electrical conductivities of thin films of In2O3 mixed with ZrO2 have been investigated. These films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature using pulsed-laser deposition. Indium-zirconium oxide films with a ZrO2 content up to a 15 wt% were conducting and more than 80% transparent from 450 to 700 nm. As the ZrO2 content increased from 0 to 15 wt%, the electrical resistivities increased from 1.28 x 10(-3) to 6.48 x 10(-2) n cm, the carrier densities were decreased from 2.14 x 10(20) to 1.0 x 10(18)/cm(3), and the Hall mobilities decreased from 21 to 5 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), all monotonically. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Forschungsinst Edelmet & Met Chem, D-73525 Schwabisch Gmund, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1557/JMR.2000.0007 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 273WJ UT WOS:000084732100007 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, D TI Germans in the Foreign Legion, 1870-1965: Myths and realities SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 256 EP 257 DI 10.2307/120850 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 266EW UT WOS:000084288500067 ER PT J AU Gendron, ML Ioup, JW AF Gendron, ML Ioup, JW TI Wavelet multi-scale edge detection for extraction of geographic features to improve vector map databases SO JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE maps/charts; database; wavelets ID TRANSFORM AB Although numerous at smaller geographic scales, vector databases often-do not exist at the more detailed, larger scales. A possible solution is the use of image:processing techniques to detect edges in high-resolution satellite imagery. Features such as:roads: and airports are formed from the edges and matched up with similar features in existing low-resolution vector map databases. By replacing the old features with the new more accurate features, the resolution,of the existing map database is improved. To accomplish this, a robust edge detection algorithm is needed that will perform well in noisy conditions; This paper studies and tests One such method, the Wavelet Multi-scale Edge Detector. The wavelet transform breaks down a signal into frequency bands at different levels. Noise:present at lower scales smoothes Out at higher levels. It is demonstrated that this property can be used to detect edges in noisy satellite imagery. Once edges are located, a new method will be proposed for storing these edges geographically so that features can be formed and paired with existing features in a vector map database. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gendron, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0373-4633 J9 J NAVIGATION JI J. Navig. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1017/S0373463399008607 PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 289ZU UT WOS:000085652500010 ER PT J AU Lohrenz, MC Myrick, SA Trenchard, ME Ruffner, JW Cohan, T AF Lohrenz, MC Myrick, SA Trenchard, ME Ruffner, JW Cohan, T TI Pilot preferences on vector moving-map displays SO JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Article DE maps/charts; displays; human factors AB Vector map databases offer the potential for customised cockpit moving-map displays, in which user-specified cartographic features can be layered to meet mission requirements. The disadvantage of vector moving-maps is the potential for increased-user workload. In 1995, the Naval Research Laboratory and the Naval Air Weapons Center jointly-performed a preference study, during which aircrew viewed demonstrations of prototype moving-map displays and responded to a detailed questionnaire concerning the usefulness of each display. This paper summarises aircrew interviews from that study pertaining-to both vector moving-map, displays and vector feature overlays, including Height-Above-Threshold (HAT), threat rings, and-Clear Line-of-Sight (CLOS). C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lohrenz, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0373-4633 J9 J NAVIGATION JI J. Navig. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 93 EP 113 DI 10.1017/S0373463399008632 PG 21 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 289ZU UT WOS:000085652500011 ER PT J AU Ardelean, H Belin-Ferre, E Senemaud, C Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Ardelean, H Belin-Ferre, E Senemaud, C Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Calculation of the densities of states of a-Si1-yCy(: H) alloys and comparison with measured X-ray spectra SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED SILICON; AMORPHOUS SI; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRON AB A simplified model based on the Tight-Binding Coherent-Potential Approximation method that does not account for topological disorder, is employed to calculate the s and p-symmetry densities of states of a-Si1 - yCy (:H) alloys and crystalline SiC. Valence and conduction partial Si and C densities of states are obtained which allow us to observe that sp(3) hybridization is existing in these compounds. The calculations also show that in a-Si1 yCy alloys, the total band gap increases by about 0.7 eV when going from y = 0.1 to y = 0.287 due to a progressive shift of both valence and conduction edges below and above the top of the valence band, respectively. For crystalline SIG, the gap increases by about 1.5 eV with respect for example to a-Si0.9C0.1. In hydrogenated alloys, the calculations display a steepening of the valence and conduction band edges as compared to non-hydrogenated alloys confirming thus the 'healing' effect with H incorporation. The soft X-ray Si KB emission spectra are simulated by convolution of the occupied Si 3p distribution with appropriate Lorentzian and Gaussian functions which account for the lifetime of the inner level involved in the Xray transition and the instrumental function. respectively. The calculated spectra are in good agreement with experimental results on samples of similar nominal composition despite the fact that the theoretical model does not account for topological disorder. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, UMR 7614, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, UPRESA 7045, F-75231 Paris, France. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Computat Sci Inst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Belin-Ferre, E (reprint author), Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 11 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN PY 2000 VL 261 IS 1-3 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00580-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 274HK UT WOS:000084760200026 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Kirk, MA Rehn, LE AF Daulton, TL Kirk, MA Rehn, LE TI In situ transmission electron microscopy study of ion-irradiated copper: comparison of the temperature dependence of cascade collapse in fcc- and bcc-metals SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Basic Aspects of Differences in Irradiation Effects Between FCC, BCC and HCP Metals and Alloys CY OCT 15-20, 1998 CL CANGAS DE ONIS, SPAIN SP Fusion Technol Grp Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas Ecolr Polytechn Fed Lausanne, Mat Res Dept Riso Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div Lawrence Livermore Natl lab ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECT CASCADES; CLUSTERS; DAMAGE AB The kinetics which drive cascade formation and subsequent collapse into point-defect clusters are investigated by analyzing the microstructure produced in situ by low fluence 100 keV Kr ion irradiations of fcc-Cu over a wide temperature range (18-873 K). The yield of collapsed point-defect clusters is demonstrated unequivocally to be temperature dependent, remaining approximately constant up to lattice temperatures of 573 K and then abruptly decreasing with increasing temperature. This drop in yield is not caused by defect loss during or following ion irradiation. In addition, this temperature dependence can be explained by a thermal spike effect. These in situ yield measurements are compared to previous ex situ yield measurements in fcc-Ni and bcc-Mo. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 276 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00185-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 270NZ UT WOS:000084543400028 ER PT J AU Dominy, NL Johnson, WB Koch, C AF Dominy, NL Johnson, WB Koch, C TI Perception of parental acceptance in women with binge eating disorder SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; OBESE WOMEN; LIFE-SCALE; REJECTION; EATERS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SATISFACTION; VALIDATION; MULTISITE AB The authors contribute to the validating literature for binge eating disorder (BED) by examining perceptions of parents and satisfaction with life among obese women with and without BED. Participants were female patients, recruited through a private medical clinic, who were assigned to groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and scores on the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP; R. L. Spitzer et al., 1992). Groups consisted of (a) obese women with BED (n = 32), (b) obese women who had no eating disorders (n = 51), and (c) nonobese women with no eating disorders (n = 30). All participants completed the Parental Acceptance/Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ; R. P. Rohner, 1986), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; J. Fischer & K. Corcoran, 1994), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; A. T. Beck & R. A. Steer, 1987). Obese women with BED perceived their fathers as more rejecting than did women in the other groups. Moreover, obese women with BED perceived their fathers as significantly more rejecting than their mothers. The BED group indicated lower satisfaction with life and higher levels of depression than the groups without eating disorders. These findings further validate the diagnostic category of BED. Obese women with BED appear to be a distinct subgroup of the obese population. The results indicate a need for further assessment of the father-daughter relationship in connection to BED and other eating disorders. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Fox Univ, Dept Psychol, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. OI Koch, Christopher/0000-0002-2754-3385 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0022-3980 J9 J PSYCHOL JI J. Psychol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 134 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 278QX UT WOS:000085001400003 PM 10654844 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ Larkins-Pettigrew, M AF Viera, AJ Larkins-Pettigrew, M TI Rectal prolapse during pregnancy - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE rectal prolapse; labor complications; pregnancy complications ID OPERATION C1 USN Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. USN Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 280MR UT WOS:000085107000010 PM 10664948 ER PT J AU Gaunaurd, GC Huang, H AF Gaunaurd, GC Huang, H TI Sound scattering by bubble clouds near the sea surface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; LAYER AB The classical exact formulation required to evaluate the form function (or the scattering cross-section, SCS) of a single, ideal, air bubble in a boundless liquid is briefly recalled. It is then immediately generalized to the case of a round cloud of many possibly interacting such bubbles of known volume concentration, contained within the same boundless medium. This is further generalized to the case when the bubble cloud is near a free surface. The presence of the nearby pressure release surface, assumed flat, substantially alters the cloud's scattering cross-section relative to its value in the absence of boundaries. We then use an earlier technique of ours [i.e., see I.E.E.E. J. Ocean. Eng. 20, 285-293 (1995)] based on the method of images that uses the addition theorem for the spherical wave functions, to relate all the scattered sound fields to a common origin and thus obtain the (modified) SCS of the cloud now near the boundary. This formulation accounts for all orders of multiple scattering and yields an infinite set of coupled algebraic equations for the coupling coefficients. This set is then solved for the coupling coefficients in terms of infinite sums of products of pairs of Wigner 3 - j symbols, which are then used to construct and evaluate the form function. We display numerical results in four cases that correspond to geographical sites in which the bubble concentrations within the cloud have been measured along a couple of oblique upward directions, or have been assumed to have increasing (and in a few instances, purposely unrealistically high) values. In all cases considered here the bubble clouds are only a few meters beneath the sea surface and consist of ideal bubbles. The results are also compared to those found in the absence of a boundary in all the cases considered. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)05301-7]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 683, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1121/1.428356 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 282NX UT WOS:000085225900007 ER PT J AU Arveson, PT Vendittis, DJ AF Arveson, PT Vendittis, DJ TI Radiated noise characteristics of a modern cargo ship SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Extensive measurements were made of the radiated noise of MN OVERSEAS HARRIETTE, a bulk cargo ship (length 173 m, displacement 25 515 tons) powered by a direct-drive low-speed diesel engine-a design representative of many modern merchant ships. The radiated noise data show high-level tonal frequencies from the ship's service diesel generator, main engine firing rate, and blade rate harmonics due to propeller cavitation. Radiated noise directionality measurements indicate that the radiation is generally dipole in form at lower frequencies, as expected. There are some departures from this pattern that may indicate hull interactions. Blade rate source level (174 dB re 1 mu Pa/m at 9 Hz, 16 knots) agrees reasonably well with a model of fundamental blade rate radiation previously reported by Gray and Greeley, but agreement for blade rate harmonics is nest as good. Noise from merchant ships elevates the natural ambient by 20-30 dB in many areas; the effects of this noise on the biological environment have not been widely investigated. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)07112-X]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Arveson, PT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 51 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1121/1.428344 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 282NX UT WOS:000085225900010 ER PT J AU Headrick, RH Lynch, JF Kemp, JN Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Apel, J Badiey, M Chiu, CS Finette, S Orr, M Pasewark, B Turgot, A Wolf, S Tielbuerger, D AF Headrick, RH Lynch, JF Kemp, JN Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Apel, J Badiey, M Chiu, CS Finette, S Orr, M Pasewark, B Turgot, A Wolf, S Tielbuerger, D TI Acoustic normal mode fluctuation statistics in the 1995 SWARM internal wave scattering experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB In order to understand the fluctuations imposed upon low frequency (50 to 500 Hz) acoustic signals due to coastal internal waves, a large multilaboratory, multidisciplinary experiment was performed in the Mid-Atlantic Eight in the summer of 1995. This experiment featured the most complete set of environmental measurements (especially physical oceanography and geology) made to date in support of a coastal acoustics study. This support enabled the correlation of acoustic fluctuations to clearly observed ocean processes, especially those associated with the internal wave field. More specifically, a 16 element WHOI vertical line array (WVLA) was moored in 70 m of water off the New Jersey coast. Tomography sources of 224 Hz and 400 Hz were moored 32 km directly shoreward of this array, such that an acoustic path was constructed that was anti-parallel to the primary, onshore propagation direction for shelf generated internal wave solitons. These nonlinear internal waves, produced in packets as the tide shifts from ebb to flood, produce strong semidiurnal effects on the acoustic signals at our measurement location. Specifically, the internal waves in the acoustic waveguide cause significant coupling of energy between the propagating acoustic modes; resulting in broadband fluctuations in modal intensity, travel-time, and temporal coherence. The strong correlations between the environmental parameters and the internal wave field include an interesting sensitivity of the spread of an acoustic pulse to solitons near the receiver. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00601-9]. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Global Ocean Associates, Silver Spring, MD 20908 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Ocean Acoust Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Forschnungsanstalt Bundeswehr Wasserschall & Geop, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Headrick, RH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 201 EP 220 DI 10.1121/1.428563 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 282NX UT WOS:000085225900017 ER PT J AU Headrick, RH Lynch, JF Kemp, JN Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Apel, J Badiey, M Chiu, CS Finette, S Orr, M Pasewark, B Turgot, A Wolf, S Tielbuerger, D AF Headrick, RH Lynch, JF Kemp, JN Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Apel, J Badiey, M Chiu, CS Finette, S Orr, M Pasewark, B Turgot, A Wolf, S Tielbuerger, D TI Modeling mode arrivals in the 1995 SWARM experiment acoustic transmissions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE; PROPAGATION; OCEAN AB As part of the Shallow Water Acoustics in a Random Medium (SWARM) experiment, a 16 element WHOI vertical line array (WVLA) was moored in 70 m of water off the New Jersey coast. A 400-Hz acoustic tomography source was moored some 32-km shoreward of this array, such that an acoustic path was created that was anti-parallel to the primary propagation direction for shelf-generated internal wave solitons. The presence of these soliton internal waves in the acoustic waveguide causes significant coupling of energy between propagating acoustic modes, creating fluctuations in modal intensities and modal peak arrival times, as well as time spreading of the pulses. Two methods by which acoustic propagation and scattering in soliton-filled waveguides can be modeled are presented here in order to understand and explain the scattering observed in the SWARM field data. The first method utilizes the Preisig and Duda [IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 22, 256-269 (1997)] Sudden Interface Approximation (SIA) to represent the solitons. The second method, which is computationally slower, uses a finely meshed, ''propagated'' thermistor record to simulate the solitons in the SWARM experiment waveguide. Both numerical methods are found to generate scattering characteristics that are similar to the SWARM field data. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00701-3]. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Global Ocean Associates, Silver Spring, MD 20908 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Ocean Acoust Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Forschnungsanstalt Bundeswehr Wasserschall & Geop, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Headrick, RH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.1121/1.428301 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 282NX UT WOS:000085225900018 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Oliver, CW Schaefer, KM Ridgway, SH AF Finneran, JJ Oliver, CW Schaefer, KM Ridgway, SH TI Source levels and estimated yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) detection ranges for dolphin jaw pops, breaches, and tail slaps SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATIONS; PACIFIC AB Tuna fishers in the eastern Pacific Ocean often exploit an association between a few genus of dolphin (Stenella and Delphinus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) to locate and capture the tuna. Identification of a mechanism which facilitates the tuna/dolphin bond may provide a means of exploiting the bond and capturing tuna without catching dolphin. To investigate if tuna may be attracted to low-frequency sounds produced by dolphins, source levels of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) jaw pops, breaches, and tail slaps were experimentally measured and used to estimate the maximum range at which yellowfin could detect similar sounds produced by pelagic species. The effective acoustic stimulus to the tuna was defined as the maximum one-third-octave level between 200 and 800 Hz, the frequency range where T. albacares is most sensitive. Spherical spreading was assumed to predict transmission loss with range. Breaches and jaw pops produced maximum one-third-octave source levels between 200 and 800 Hz of 153 (+/-4) and 163 (+/-2) dB re. 1 mu Pa-m, respectively, which resulted in estimated detection ranges of 340-840 and 660-1040 m, respectively. Tail slaps had lower source levels [max. 141 (+/-3) dB re: 1 mu Pa-m] and a maximum detection range of approximately 90-180 m. [S0001-4966(00)03001-0]. C1 USN, Biosci Div, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Biosci Div, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, PL-BS,D3503,49620 Beluga Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1121/1.428330 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 282NX UT WOS:000085225900058 PM 10641673 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Naseef, GS McKinlay, JR Barnette, DJ Skrobal, M Grevelink, J Anderson, RR AF Ross, EV Naseef, GS McKinlay, JR Barnette, DJ Skrobal, M Grevelink, J Anderson, RR TI Comparison of carbon dioxide laser, erbium : YAG laser, dermabrasion, and dermatome - A study of thermal damage, wound contraction, and wound healing in a live pig model: Implications for skin resurfacing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE SKIN; CO2-LASER; RHYTIDES; INCISION AB Background: Advances in laser technology allow for precise tissue removal and minimal thermal damage. However, mechanisms for cosmetic improvement have not been determined. Investigators have suggested that ablation, collagen shrinkage, and new collagen deposition all contribute to the clinical outcome. Objective: In a live farm pig, we examined gross and microscopic effects of thermal and mechanical ablation devices to characterize immediate and long-term mechanisms in skin rejuvenation. Methods: Two CO2 lasers, an erbium:YAG laser, a dermabrader, and a dermatome were used to treat Bank skin in a farm pig. There were 14 different treatment groups based on device type and working parameters. One to five sites were treated for each group. Wound surface areas were measured before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 7, 17, 23, 30, and 60 days thereafter. Biopsies were performed immediately after irradiation and 2, 7, 17, and 60 days after treatment. Results: For the CO2 laser-induced wounds, surface area measurements showed that immediate and final wound contraction tended to increase with initial residual thermal damage (RTD) for a range of values, above which immediate contraction remained relatively constant. Although there nas no immediate wound contraction with mechanical ablation devices, long-term wound contraction in the dermatome and dermabrasion sites increased with depth of ablation. The erbium:YAG laser sites healed in a manner similar to that of mechanically induced wounds. Wound contraction profiles over time were dependent on depth of RTD and depth of ablation. Sixty days postoperatively, histologic examination showed varying degrees of fibroplasia. Overall, there was greater compaction and horizontal orientation of collagen fibers in those wounds with more than 70 mu m of dermal RTD. Grossly, all wounds were similar after 60 days, with the exception of the deep dermabrasion sites, at which clinical scarring was observed. Conclusion: Our results show that CO2 laser resurfacing produces short- and long-term wound contraction that is greater than that induced by purely ablative methods for the same total depth of injury. The erbium laser produced Round contraction profiles similar to these produced by mechanical wounding. The data suggest that initial collagen contraction and thermal damage modulate wound healing. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Wellman Labs Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Box 324,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 28 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 92 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90016-1 PN 1 PG 14 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 272VQ UT WOS:000084672000013 PM 10607327 ER PT J AU McCool, KM Flitter, LA Haas, DJ AF McCool, KM Flitter, LA Haas, DJ TI Development and flight test evaluation of a rotor system load monitoring technology SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Helicopter-Society 54th Annual Forum CY MAY 22-24, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID HELICOPTER AB A neural network based approach for rotor system load monitoring has been developed and evaluated in a flight test of an instrumented SH-60 aircraft. Vibratory loads are predicted using aircraft state parameters which are typically measured and stored on a flight data recorder. The network input parameters are chosen such that the complexity of transmitting signals from the rotating system into the fixed helicopter system is avoided. The load prediction algorithms are developed using an extensive SH-60 flight data set which includes 56 flights and a wide variety of SH-60 usage spectrum maneuvers. The real-time load monitoring capability was demonstrated in a flight test evaluation where the algorithms were embedded in an on-board processor and executed in real time. Network predictions are compared with rotor system strain gauge measurements from the flight test aircraft. Assessment of the load predictions shows good results and indicates that the neural network algorithms, developed using flight data from one aircraft, can be used to predict vibratory loads on a second aircraft of the same class. The flight test results also demonstrate the potential to use the algorithms for real-time pilot cueing to minimize operation in fatigue damaging flight conditions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP McCool, KM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 278MY UT WOS:000084994600003 ER PT J AU Kwon, HJ Williams, RT AF Kwon, HJ Williams, RT TI Nonlinear equilibration of barotropic waves in a zonally nonuniform current SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; DISTURBANCES; DOWNSTREAM; VORTICITY; JET AB In this paper, nonlinear evolution and equilibration of the barotropic waves in a zonally inhomogeneous Bickley jet are investigated. The equilibrated state consists of a full spectrum of waves with a dominant frequency and its higher-frequency modes. The dominant wave scale in most equilibrated states is wave number 1 because of the changes in the local mean how. Except for wave 1, the dominant wave scale varies with the governing parameters. The wavelength of the dominant wave increases for stronger and longer jets and for weaker dissipation. The equilibrations are highly dependent on the parametric settings. Steady wavy, limit cycle, and chaotic states are found as with other nonlinear equilibration studies. When the jet is weak but strong enough to produce waves, the equilibration behaves very smoothly. But when the jet becomes stronger, the equilibration process becomes much more complicated and the subregion in parameter space for each type of solution becomes very irregular. When the streamwise length scale of uhe jet is short, wave activity occurs only for a range of medium Values of the jet strength. Multiple equilibrium steady wave states are not found in this study, because all wave components must be cooperative in their growth rather than competitive. The examination of the local energetics shows that the generation of the local kinetic energy by the barotropic instability process is nearly cancelled by redistribution by the pressure work both in linear and nonlinear cases. The energetics further confirm that the perturbation in the steady wave state with respect to the modified mean flow behaves as a linear wave. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Kong Ju, Chungnam, South Korea. RP Williams, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 1 BP 136 EP 149 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0136:NEOBWI>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268DJ UT WOS:000084398800009 ER PT J AU Myers, SA Assink, RA Loy, DA Shea, KJ AF Myers, SA Assink, RA Loy, DA Shea, KJ TI Investigation of the transmission of substituent effects by Si-29 NMR SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED SILICA SOLS; CONDENSATION; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; POLYCONDENSATION; POLYMERS; MODEL; GELS AB Long range substituent effects on the Si-29 NMR chemical shifts in a series of alkylene- and arylene-bridged triethoxysilanes were observed over as many as 11 bonds. The hydrolysis reaction of an ethoxide caused the resonance of the silicon on the opposing end of the bridging unit to move downfield. The alkylene bridging units ranged from ethylene to octylene while the arylene bridging units included phenyl and biphenyl. Resonance assignments were confirmed by the absence of these shifts for the triethoxysilyl in 1-triphenylsilyl-2-triethoxysilylethane. The magnitude of the downfield shift decreased as the length of the bridging unit between silicon atoms increased. Transmission of the substituent effect along a polymethylene chain was successfully modeled by a through-bond mechanism with an attenuation factor of 1.88 for each methylene unit. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1812, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1812, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0300-9580 J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PY 2000 IS 3 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1039/a906569e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 290NV UT WOS:000085683000022 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J Callahan, JH Choi, LS AF Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J Callahan, JH Choi, LS TI Synthesis of cyclic aza-ether compounds and studies of their use as anion receptors in nonaqueous lithium halide salts solution SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A series of new anion receptors, based on cyclic aza-ether compounds, have been synthesized. The synthesis and characterization of these compounds are described. In all these cyclic aza-ether compounds, the electron-withdrawing group CF3SO2 was attached to each of the nitrogen atoms. Each member of this class of compounds contains a different number of nitrogen atoms. When used as additives, all of them can significantly increase the ionic conductivity of lithium halide salts in tetrahydrofuran solutions due to the ion-pair dissociation effect. This ion-pair dissociation effect is a result of complexation between these compounds and the halide anions. Ionic conductivity studies show that the complexation behavior is related to both the ring structure of the cyclic compounds and the characteristics of the halide anions. X-ray diffraction data show that the diffraction patterns of the complex crystals grown from cosolution of the cyclic aza-ether compound and lithium halide salts are completely different than those from the pure cyclic aza-ether compounds. New Bragg peaks representing a large d-spacing (similar to 15 Angstrom) are observed for the complex crystals. This is clear evidence of the complexation between the cyclic aza-ether compound and halide anions. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651 (99)04-037-9. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 147 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1149/1.1493856 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 275QZ UT WOS:000084832800002 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI An eigenvalue analysis of coupled differential equations in regard to corrosion inhibition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; MULTISTEP MECHANISMS; ANODIC-DISSOLUTION; IRON; ADSORPTION; PASSIVATION; KINETICS; ALUMINUM AB Corrosion or its inhibition is examined in terms of competitive reactions at the metal/solution interface. These surface reactions involve hydroxyl-assisted metal dissolution and adsorption of an inhibitive ion or molecule, with the system being described by a pair of autonomous nonlinear differential equations. Both Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms are considered. For Temkin adsorption there may exist as many as four critical points. The behavior of the system near the critical points has been studied using eigenvalue analysis and the phase:plane method. As the system drifts in time toward any given stable critical point, there is a corresponding anodic current flow. For some stable critical points, the current vanishes and inhibition occurs, while for others ii does not and corrosion occurs. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 147 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1149/1.1393165 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 275QZ UT WOS:000084832800018 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS AF Tyo, JS TI Enhancement of the point-spread function for imaging in scattering media by use of polarization-difference imaging SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; IMAGERY; LIGHT AB Polarization-difference (PD) imaging techniques have been demonstrated to improve the detectability of target features that are embedded in scattering media. The improved detectability occurs for both passive imaging in moderately scattering media (<5 optical depths) and active imaging in more highly scattering media. These improvements are relative to what is possible with equivalent polarization-blind, polarization-sum (PS) imaging under the same conditions. In this investigation, the point-spread functions (PSF's) for passive PS and PD imaging in single-scattering media are studied analytically, and Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the PSF's in single- and moderately multiple-scattering media. The results indicate that the PD PSF can be significantly narrower than the corresponding PS PSF, implying that better images of target features with high-spatial-frequency information can be obtained by using differential polarimetry in scattering media. Although the analysis was performed for passive imaging at moderate optical depths, the results lend insight into experiments that have been performed in more highly scattering media with active imaging methods to help mitigate the effects of multiple scattering. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)00501-9]. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code IW,Room 200A,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.17.000001 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 270AP UT WOS:000084513500001 PM 10641832 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Comer, SW Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL AF Borboroglu, PG Comer, SW Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL TI Extensive repeat transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in patients with previous benign sextant biopsies SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; biopsy, needle; prostate; prostate-specific antigen; ultrasonography ID NEEDLE-BIOPSY; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; CORE BIOPSIES; CANCER; MEN; PREDICTORS; CARCINOMA; VOLUME; PSA AB Purpose: Standard sextant prostate biopsy may underestimate cancer in men in whom clinical findings are suspicious for localized prostate cancer. We describe our experience with extensive transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in men in whom previous sextant biopsy was negative. Materials and Methods: Between November 1997 and March 1999, 57 men 47 to 72 years old (mean age 61.4) underwent extensive transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate using intravenous sedation at our institution. An average of 22.5 cores (range 15 to 31) were obtained depending on prostate size. Biopsies were obtained from each of 6 sagittal regions, including samples from the far lateral and mid transitional zones. Each patient had undergone at least 1 previous benign transrectal ultrasound guided sextant biopsy (mean 2.1, range 1 to 4). Indications for repeat biopsy were persistently elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) in 89% of the cases, increased PSA velocity in 63%, suspicious free-to-total PSA in 39% and a previous suspicious biopsy finding in 32%. Clinical factors (PSA, PSA velocity, free-to-total PSA and previous suspicious biopsy) were analyzed for the ability to predict positive biopsy, and tumor parameters were assessed pathologically in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Results: Adenocarcinoma was identified in 17 of the 57 men (30%), Biopsy revealed a Gleason score of 6 to 8 (mean 6,4). In 7 of the 17 patients (41%) in whom cancer was identified only 1 biopsy core was positive. Of the 15 patients in whom previous sextant biopsy had demonstrated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation extensive biopsy revealed cancer in 7 (47%). Although serum PSA was higher and free-to-total PSA was lower in those with cancer, the only statistically significant predictor of positive biopsy was PSA velocity (p <0.001). Prostate cancer was noted in 64% of the men with PSA velocity 1 ng./ml. or greater. Of the 13 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy pathologically significant disease was identified in all but 1 (92%), Complications of extensive biopsy included urinary retention in 6 patients and limited rectal bleeding in 1. Conclusions: Extensive prostate biopsy identifies significant prostate cancer in many men in whom previous sextant biopsy was benign. This procedure should be considered when findings are suspicious for adenocarcinoma despite previously negative sextant biopsy. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 24 TC 198 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 1 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67994-3 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 266XE UT WOS:000084324900046 PM 10604336 ER PT J AU Dobisz, EA Brandow, SL Bass, R Mitterender, J AF Dobisz, EA Brandow, SL Bass, R Mitterender, J TI Effects of molecular properties on nanolithography in polymethyl methacrylate SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; POLY-(METHYL METHACRYLATE); RESIST; POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; FABRICATION; EXPOSURE AB High-resolution lithographic performance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) of molecular weights (MWs) of 50, 100, 496, and 950 K is compared. A chain scission model is used to analyze the behavior of the four molecular weight resists. The chain scission model is combined with an empirical dissolution model to successfully describe the edge profile of a bar pattern. Isolated linewidth data for the 100 and 496 K resists both fit a Monte Carlo code generated linespread function that was convolved with a Gaussian of standard deviation 9 nm. The width was comparable to that in the 950 K resist, but a factor of 3 narrower than that found for the 50 K resist. The higher molecular weight, 496 and 950 K resists showed more developer induced swelling than the lower molecular weight resists. In fact, the developer induced swelling limited the ability to develop 40 nm gratings in the 496 and 950 K resists. Reduction in developer strength produced some improvement. Etching of the supporting resist structure in the gratings was also observed, particularly in the 50 and 100 K resists. The 50 K MW resist exhibited the worst grating contrast upon development. Grating enhanced etching relative to 10 mu m bar areas exposed with comparable area dose was observed. A 40 nm period grating was defined in the 100 K resist. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dobisz, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1116/1.591242 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 285DZ UT WOS:000085375600022 ER PT J AU Gillen, G Walker, M Thompson, P Bennett, J AF Gillen, G Walker, M Thompson, P Bennett, J TI Use of an SF5+ polyatomic primary ion beam for ultrashallow depth profiling on an ion microscope secondary ion mass spectroscopy instrument SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Measurement, Characterization, and Modeling of Ultra-Shallow Doping Profiles in Semiconductors (USJ 99) CY MAR 28-31, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA ID SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION; ENERGY; BOMBARDMENT AB A magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instrument has been fitted with a modified hot filament duoplasmatron ion source for generation of SF5+ primary ion beams for SIMS depth profiling applications. The SF5+ primary ion beam has been evaluated by depth profiling of several low energy boron ion implants, baron delta-doped structures and a Ni/Cr metal multilayer depth profiling standard reference material. Using 3.0 keV impact SF5+ bombardment at a 52 degrees impact angle with oxygen flooding gives a trailing edge decay length (Ile) for the baron implants and delta-doped layers of 1.3 nm. Under the same conditions, O-2(+) bombardment gives a trailing edge decay length (1/e) of 2.3 nm. The use of the SF5+ beam without oxygen flooding gives a substantial increase in decay length that is related to the formation of ripples as determined by atomic force microscopy. In the case of the Ni/Cr reference material, a significant reduction in sputter-induced topography is observed with SF5+ bombardment. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(00)01101-X]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Gillen, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1116/1.591221 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 285DZ UT WOS:000085375600089 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF AF Bradford, SF TI Numerical simulation of surf zone dynamics SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WAVES; SPILLING BREAKER; TURBULENCE; UNDERTOW; VOLUME; REGION AB A numerical model that solves the unsteady, incompressible, Navier-Stokes equations has been utilized to simulate monochromatic, spilling and plunging waves over a sloping bed. The volume of fluid technique is used to track the location of the highly complex, discontinuous free surface. The influence of wave boundary conditions and the order of accuracy of the numerical approximations on predictions of breaker height, location, and undertow has been examined. In addition, simulations with one and two equation turbulence models were evaluated and results were compared with laboratory measurements of mean water level, trough and crest heights, undertow, and mean turbulence kinetic energy in order to evaluate the applicability of each approach in computing surf zone dynamics. Details of the breaking wave properties are presented and discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bradford, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7261, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2000)126:1(1) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 265NJ UT WOS:000084250000001 ER PT S AU Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, J Chrisey, DB Auyeung, RCY Wu, HD Lakeou, S McGill, RA AF Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, J Chrisey, DB Auyeung, RCY Wu, HD Lakeou, S McGill, RA BE Helvajian, H Sugioka, K Gower, MC Dubowski, JJ TI Direct writing of electronic materials using a new laser assisted transfer/annealing technique SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing V CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation; MAPLE direct write; laser induced forward transfer; LIFT; direct write of metals; direct write of phosphors ID EVAPORATION MAPLE; METAL-DEPOSITION; SENSORS AB MAPLE direct write is a new laser-based direct write technique which combines the basic approach employed in laser induced forward transfer with the unique advantages of matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation. The technique utilizes a laser transparent donor substrate with one side coated with a matrix consisting of the electronic material to be transferred mixed with an organic binder or vehicle. As with LIFT, the laser is focussed through the transparent substrate onto the matrix coating. When a laser pulse strikes the coating, the matrix is transferred to an acceptor substrate placed parallel to the donor surface. Ex situ thermal or laser treatments can be used to decompose the matrix and anneal the transferred material, thus forming structures with the desired electronic properties. MAPLE DW is a maskless deposition process designed to operate in air and at room temperature that allows for the generation of complex patterns with micron scale linewidths. The various structures produced by MAPLE DW were characterized using 3-D surface profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The electrical resistivity of the silver metal lines made by MAPLE DW was measured using an impedance analyzer. Patterns with Zn2SiO4:Mn powders were fabricated over the surface of a dragon fly wing without damaging it. An overview of the key elements of the MAPLE DW process including our current understanding of the material transfer mechanism and its potential as a rapid prototyping technique will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3550-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3933 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.387545 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ53R UT WOS:000088674400011 ER PT S AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Pique, A Kushto, G Kafafi, ZH Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Pique, A Kushto, G Kafafi, ZH Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB BE Helvajian, H Sugioka, K Gower, MC Dubowski, JJ TI Effect of film thickness on the properties of indium tin oxide thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition for organic light-emitting diodes SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing V CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE pulsed laser deposition (PLD); indium tin oxide (ITO); and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETRON; DEVICES AB Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on glass substrates, The structural, electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of film thickness (300 - 8700 Angstrom). Films were deposited using a KrF excimer laser (248nm, 30 ns FWHM) at a fluence of 2 J/cm(2), at substrate temperature of 300 degrees C and 10 mTorr of oxygen pressure. For ITO films (500 - 4000 Angstrom thickness) deposited at 300 degrees C in 10 mTorr of oxygen pressure, the resistivity of 2 - 4 x 10 (-4) Omega-cm was observed and the average transmission in the visible range (400 - 700 nm) was about 85 - 90 %. The Hall mobility and carrier density for ITO films (500 - 4000 Angstrom thickness) were observed to be in the range of 24 - 27 cm(2)/V-s and 5 - 9 x 10 (20) cm(-3), respectively. We have used the ITO thin films, deposited by PLD on silica substrates, as the anode contact in organic light emitting devices and studied the effect of ITO film thickness on the device performance. The optimum thickness of the ITO anode for the maximum device efficiency was observed to be about 500-1000 Angstrom. The device showed an external quantum efficiency of about 0.8 % at 100 A/m(2). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3550-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3933 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.387550 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ53R UT WOS:000088674400015 ER PT S AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Talley, D Busse, LE Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Talley, D Busse, LE Aggarwal, ID BE Anderson, RR Bartels, KE Bass, LS Garrett, CG Gregory, KW Kollias, N Lui, H Malek, RS Peavy, GM Reidenbach, HD Reinisch, L Robinson, DS Tate, LP Trowers, EA Woodward, TA TI IR fiber optics for biomedical applications SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems X CY JAN 22-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE IR fibers; spectroscopy; power delivery; neat held microscopy; biomedical ID GLASS-FIBERS; FABRICATION AB The availability of low loss and high strength chalcogenide fibers is enabling many applications, including biomedical. We report the use of chalcogenide fibers for IR laser power delivery for surgery, biomedical spectroscopy (tissue analysis) and scanning near field IR microscopy (SNIM). For example, lateral resolution of 20 nm, and optical resolution of about 100 nm have been demonstrated for SNIM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3523-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3907 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1117/12.386287 PG 7 WC Optics; Surgery SC Optics; Surgery GA BQ31M UT WOS:000087914600057 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Sajben, FP Hsia, J Barnette, D Miller, CH McKinlay, JR AF Ross, EV Sajben, FP Hsia, J Barnette, D Miller, CH McKinlay, JR TI Nonablative skin remodeling: Selective dermal heating with a mid-infrared laser and contact cooling combination SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE non-ablative; laser; cooling; remodeling ID ENERGY PULSED CO2-LASER; THERMOCHEMICAL DAMAGE; COLLAGEN DENATURATION; THERMAL RESPONSE; TISSUE; PHOTOCOAGULATION; BIREFRINGENCE; IRRADIATION; CONJUNCTION; HISTOLOGY AB Background and Objective: Many of the microscopic changes associated with photodamage reside in the dermis. It follows that subsurface heating of the skin might allow for cosmetic enhancement without loss of the epidermis. Accordingly, we investigated the clinical and microscopic changes produced by a mid-infrared laser coupled with a contact cooling device. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Nine patients were treated with an erbium glass laser and sapphire cooling handpiece in contact with the skin. Postauricular sites were irradiated with pulse energies varying from 400-1,200 mJ and numbers of pulses from 4 to 40. Outcome measures included pain, edema, and erythema at predetermined postoperative intervals. Biopsies were performed just after treatment and 2 months postoperatively for selected pulse energy-pulse number combinations. Results: Erythema, edema, and pain increased with pulse energy and number of pulses. Likewise, immediate epidermal necrosis and subsequent scarring were observed for larger pulse energy-pulse number combinations. At sites with epidermal preservation, on biopsy, immediate dermal thermal damage was observed in a band-like pattern. The deep boundaries of this band were dependent on pulse energy and pulse number. After 8 weeks, biopsies showed dermal fibroplasia roughly correlating to the band of immediate dermal thermal damage. Conclusion: Selective dermal heating can be achieved with a midinfrared laser coupled to a contact surface cooling device. In this study, the range of fibroplasia and lack of clinically substantial cosmetic enhancement suggest that the dermal thermal damage achieved may be too deep and that the injury should be confined to more superficial levels to alter the most severely photodamaged dermis. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA 01778 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 30 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:2<186::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-I PG 10 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 288BT UT WOS:000085542500009 PM 10685091 ER PT J AU Newman, JB Lord, JL Ash, K McDaniel, DH AF Newman, JB Lord, JL Ash, K McDaniel, DH TI Variable pulse erbium : YAG laser skin resurfacing of perioral rhytides and side-by-side comparison with carbon dioxide laser SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY APR 18, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg DE variable pulse erbium laser; Er : YAG laser; CO2 erbium laser; carbon dioxide laser; laser resurfacing ID HIGH-ENERGY; TERM AB Background and Objective: Laser resurfacing of facial rhytides has become a popular treatment option for many patients with wrinkles, photoaging, and acne scarring. Laser wavelength/pulse duration options and new techniques continue to shorten the healing phase associated with laser skin resurfacing while maintaining clinical efficacy. Variable pulse erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser systems are now available that offer the surgeon the ability to vary the Er:YAG pulse duration from a pulse that is primarily ablative to one that is more thermal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histologic effects created with a variable pulse Er:YAG laser. To study prospectively the clinical effects on upper lip rhytides with a variable pulse Er:YAG laser when compared side by side with pulsed carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Forty-two treatment sites on 21 patients were randomized and evaluated after treatment of the upper lip region with CO2 laser resurfacing on one side and a variable pulse Er:YAG laser on the other. Patient diaries were maintained to assess erythema, crusting, pain, and pigmentary changes. Blinded objective grading of improvement was performed. Chromometer measurements were obtained to analyze erythema. Results: The variable pulse Er:YAG laser treatment reduced the duration of crusting on average from 7.7 days with CO2 to 3.4 days. Chromometer measurements noted decreased postoperative erythema, Grading by physicians in a blinded manner showed 63% improvement for the CO2 treatment site and 48% improvement in the variable pulse Er:YAG site. No cases of permanent hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, or scarring occurred. Conclusion: The variable pulse Er:YAG laser resurfacing is a safe and effective resurfacing tool, which combines ablative and thermal modalities. The protocol used in this study approaches but does not equal the results we have traditionally seen with CO2 laser resurfacing. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Laser Ctr Virginia, Virginia Beach, VA 23454 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gen Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Med Ctr Okinawa, Dept Gen Surg, Okinawa 96362, Japan. RP McDaniel, DH (reprint author), Laser Ctr Virginia, 933 1st Colonial Rd,Suite 113, Virginia Beach, VA 23454 USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:2<208::AID-LSM12>3.0.CO;2-R PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 288BT UT WOS:000085542500012 PM 10685094 ER PT S AU Williams, KJ AF Williams, KJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Nonlinearities in photodetectors SO LEOS 2000 - IEEE ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1 & 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL RIO GRANDE, PR SP IEEE, Laser & Electroopt Soc, IEEE, Networking World ID HIGH-POWER; PHOTODIODE; DESIGN; GHZ; PERFORMANCE; LIMITATIONS; BANDWIDTH C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-5947-X J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2000 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR17V UT WOS:000165806400040 ER PT S AU Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Carruthers, TF Jenkins, RB Duling, IN AF Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Carruthers, TF Jenkins, RB Duling, IN GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultra-high bit rate transmission systems SO LEOS 2000 - IEEE ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1 & 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL RIO GRANDE, PR SP IEEE, Laser & Electroopt Soc, IEEE, Networking World ID ERBIUM FIBER LASER C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dennis, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-5947-X J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2000 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR17V UT WOS:000165806400078 ER PT S AU Bartolo, RE Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Jurkovic, MJ Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU Manfra, MJ Turner, GW AF Bartolo, RE Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Jurkovic, MJ Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU Manfra, MJ Turner, GW GP IEEE IEEE TI Mid-IR angled-grating distributed feedback (alpha-DFB) "W" lasers SO LEOS 2000 - IEEE ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1 & 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL RIO GRANDE, PR SP IEEE, Laser & Electroopt Soc, IEEE, Networking World C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bartolo, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-5947-X J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2000 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR17V UT WOS:000165806400124 ER PT S AU Kim, OK Woo, H Kim, JK Huang, ZN AF Kim, OK Woo, H Kim, JK Huang, ZN BE Shashidhar, R Gnade, B TI New class of light-emitting polymers/oligomers SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Flat Panel Displays CY JAN 27-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE organic light-emitting polymers/oligomers; electron donor-acceptor chromophores; single-layer light-emitting devices; dithienothiophene ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; DIODES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; THIOPHENE; UNITS AB Novel electro-/photoactive multifunctional dyes were synthesized based on dithienothiophene, DTT (pi-center), linked by an electron D/D -or D/A pair segment; D-pi-D (dye 1) or D-pi-A (dye 2), to develop efficient bipolar light-emitting (LE) materials capable of balanced electron/hole capture in a single-layer LE device. A strong bipolarity manifested by electrochemical amphotericity was observed notably with dye 1, which cannot be accounted for without the involvement of the pi-center, leading to the low HOMO/LUMO energy-gap and a small difference in the energy-gap between dye 1 and dye 2. Single-layer LE devices were fabricated by making a blend based on the dye (0.5 wt%), PVK (70%) as matrix and PBD (30%) as electron-transporting/hole blocking material, and by sandwiching between ITO and Al electrodes. PL intensity of the dyes by excitation at 440-450 nm (lambda(max)) is much weaker compared to that at 340 nm (exciting mainly PVK), suggesting that the excitation of the dyes occur by energy-transfer from PVK. When compared pi, intensities between the two dyes at a concentration <1%, dye 1 is slightly higher relative to dye 2. In contrast, the EL intensity shows an opposite trend in that dye 2 is much higher relative to dye 1 under the same condition. This implies that unlike the FL, the EL is not due to the transfer of the excited-energy from PVK but carrier trapping/exciton formation on the dye chromophore, and that dye 2 is strongly bipolar and thus more capable of balanced carrier capture. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3573-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3955 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.379973 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BP99Q UT WOS:000086845600013 ER PT S AU Villalobos, G Sanghera, J Aggarwal, I AF Villalobos, G Sanghera, J Aggarwal, I BE Shashidhar, R Gnade, B TI Improved CL efficiency of coated ZnS : Ag phosphors SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Flat Panel Displays CY JAN 27-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE phosphor; coating; sol-gel; spray drying; cathodoluminescence; efficiency; aging AB We have developed a process for coating individual phosphor particles with different coating compositions. The phosphor is suspended in a solvent containing the appropriate coating material precursors (alkoxides, or metal salts). Coating deposition is via a sol-gel technique. The suspension is sprayed into a hot zone to dry. Coating thicknesses of 10 and 90 nm have been achieved in a single pass. Testing shows that the coated phosphor efficiency is not degraded, while the aging behavior is improved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Villalobos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3573-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3955 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.379976 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BP99Q UT WOS:000086845600016 ER PT S AU Spector, MS Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Heiney, PA AF Spector, MS Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Heiney, PA BE Khoo, IC TI Electroclinic liquid crystals with large tilt angles for gray scale applications SO LIQUID CRYSTALS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals IV CY AUG 02-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE liquid crystal display; electroclinic; smectic-A ID SMECTIC-A; ELECTRIC-FIELD AB Smectic-A liquid crystals exhibiting a large electroclinic effect are important for applications in view of their analog gray scale capability. In most of these materials, large electroclinic tilt angles are accompanied by buckling effects due to layer compression. This layer buckling is easily observed in an optical microscope as periodic stripes and drastically reduces the high contrast ratio necessary for optical devices. We have preformed optical and x-ray scattering studies on a chiral, organosiloxane smectic-A liquid crystal. It is found that while the optical tilt angle exhibits a large dependence on the field, reaching values of about 31 degrees (for 5 V/mum applied field), the layer spacing shows only a very weak field-dependence, suggesting that the molecules have a nonzero tilt even with no applied field, and that the primary effect of the field is to induce long range order in the direction of the molecular tilt. This important result - large field-induced optical tilt without a layer shrinkage - has led to the development of materials with 256 gray levels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3752-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4107 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.405310 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BR61Z UT WOS:000166962300012 ER PT B AU Mansour, AN Mukerjee, S Zaykoski, JA Dallek, S AF Mansour, AN Mukerjee, S Zaykoski, JA Dallek, S BE Surampudi, S Marsh, RA Ogumi, Z Prakash, J TI Atomic structure and capacity of tin-based composite oxide (TCO) SO LITHIUM BATTERIES, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lithium Batteries of the 196th Electrochemical-Society Fall Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID LITHIUM; SPECTRA; GLASS AB We have examined the oxidation-state and local structure of Sn and thermal stability for a number of TCO glasses with nominal compositions SnO:xB(2)O(3):yP(2)O(5):zAl(2)O(3) (for x = 0.3 and y = z = 0.2; x = y = z = 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, and 0.15). Our results show that the oxidation-state of Sn in TCO is similar to that of Sn in Sn2P2O7 (i.e., +2). The local structure of Sn in TCO consists of 3 Sn-O bonds similar to that of Sn in Sn2P2O7 but with a slightly smaller distance of 2.11 Angstrom compared to 2.15 Angstrom. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments indicate that the amorphous phase of TCO material is stable at least up to a temperature near 300 degrees C. Relaxation of the material due to relief of stresses is observed above 300 degrees C. No crystallization occurred upon heating to a temperature of 580 degrees C at a rate of 20 degrees C/min. The electrochemical performance for samples with compositions that correspond to x = 0.3 and y = z = 0.2 as well as x = y = z = 0.25 and 0.2 was also investigated. Initial capacities for these samples exceed the theoretical capacities calculated on the basis of the formation of Li2O and Li4.4Sn. However, the cycle life data show poor capacity retention after only 10 cycles when cycled between 2.5 and 0.05 V vs. Li/Li+. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 684,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-248-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 25 BP 159 EP 171 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33W UT WOS:000088014200014 ER PT S AU Little, BJ Pope, RK Ray, RI AF Little, BJ Pope, RK Ray, RI BE Dean, SW Delgadillo, GHD Bushman, JB TI An evaluation of fungal-influenced corrosion of aircraft operating in marine tropical environments SO MARINE CORROSION IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environment CY NOV 13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm G01 Corros Met, NACE Int, Univ Mayab, Univ Merida, Univ Yucatan, Univ Mecico DE corrosion; fungi; marine atmosphere AB Fungi were isolated and identified in ten aircraft that had been operating in marine tropical environments. Distribution and growth of fungi depended on availability of water and nutrients. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that surface washes, including the approved military maintenance procedure, were ineffective in removing fungal hyphae embedded in polyurethane coatings. Surface cleaning removed spores and discoloration associated with fungi, but fragments of the hyphae remained and grew as soon as conditions were favorable. Aged coatings fouled more rapidly than new coatings. Fungicides incorporated into the topcoats produced mixed results. Bare aluminum suffered localized corrosion when colonized by fungi. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Little, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2873-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1399 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1520/STP13568S PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR51Z UT WOS:000166706300020 ER PT J AU Es-Said, OS Foyos, J Noorani, R Mendelson, M Marloth, R Pregger, BA AF Es-Said, OS Foyos, J Noorani, R Mendelson, M Marloth, R Pregger, BA TI Effect of layer orientation on mechanical properties of rapid prototyped samples SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and impact resistance were found for different layer orientations of ABS rapid prototype solid models. The samples were fabricated by a Stratasys rapid prototyping machine in five different layer orientations. The 0 degrees orientation where layers were deposited along the length of the samples displayed superior strength and impact resistance over all the other orientations. The anisotropic properties were probably caused by weak interlayer bonding and interlayer porosity. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 27 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1080/10426910008912976 PG 16 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283VM UT WOS:000085296800007 ER PT S AU Fitz-Gerald, JM Chrisey, DB Piqu, A Auyeung, RCY Mohdi, R Young, HD Wu, HD Lakeou, S Chung, R AF Fitz-Gerald, JM Chrisey, DB Piqu, A Auyeung, RCY Mohdi, R Young, HD Wu, HD Lakeou, S Chung, R BE Chrisey, DB Gamota, DR Helvajian, H Taylor, DP TI Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW): A new method to rapidly prototype active and passive electronic circuit elements SO MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR DIRECT WRITE TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Development for Direct Write Technologies CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID METAL-DEPOSITION; FILMS AB We demonstrate a novel laser-based approach to perform rapid prototyping of active and passive circuit elements called MAPLE DW. This technique is similar in its implementation to laser induced forward transfer (LIFT), but different in terms of the fundamental transfer mechanism and materials used. In MAPLE DW, a focused pulsed laser beam interacts with a composite material on a laser transparent support transferring the composite material to the acceptor substrate. This process enables the formation of adherent and uniform coatings at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with minimal post-deposition modification required, i.e., less than or equal to 400 degreesC thermal processing. The firing of the laser and the work piece (substrate) motion is computer automated and synchronized using software designs from an electromagnetic modeling program validating that this technique is fully CAD/CAM compatible. The final properties of the deposited materials depend on the deposition conditions and the materials used, but when optimized, the properties are competitive with other thick film techniques such as screen-printing. Specific electrical results for conductors are < 5X the resistivity of bulk Ag, for BaTiO3/TiO2 composite capacitors the k can be tuned between 4 and 100 and losses are < 1-4%, and for polymer thick film resistors the compositions cover 4 orders of magnitude in sheet resistivity. The surface profiles and fracture cross-section micrographs of the materials and devices deposited show that they are very uniform, densely packed and have minimum resolutions of similar to 10 mum. A discussion of how these results were obtained, the materials used, and methods to improve them will be given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fitz-Gerald, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-532-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 624 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR97N UT WOS:000168247700020 ER PT S AU Dobisz, EA AF Dobisz, EA BE Merhari, L Wille, LT Gonsalves, KE Gyure, MF Matsui, S Whitman, LJ TI Resist materials and nanolithography SO MATERIALS ISSUES AND MODELING FOR DEVICE NANOFABRICATION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues and Modeling for Device Nanofabrication CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESIST; NEGATIVE PHOTORESISTS; FILMS; RESOLUTION; SCATTERING; REDUCTION AB The work focuses on lithographic processes and materials for sub-50 nm lithography. Lithographic results of polymethyl methacrylates of molecular weights of 50,000, 100,000, 496,000, and 950, 000 are compared. It was found that the molecular weight and developer concentration do not affect smallest linewidth, within experimental error. However, the molecular weight does affect the line-to-line resolution in dense gratings of 40-60 nm ih contrast and developer induced swelling. 40 nm period gratings are shown. The work next examines the use of chemically amplified resists for nanofabrication, with a focus on SAL-601. Sub-50 nm lines are defined with latitude of an order of magnitude in dose and a factor of two in post exposure bake time. The results are modeled with a diffusion reaction kinetic model and an approach to optimize resolution and reproducibility is presented. Challenges to attaining the ultimate resolution and line-to-line resolution in polymeric resists include contrast, mechanical stability, swelling, and adhesion. Metal binding self assembled monolayers (SAMs) are presented a class of resists, that circumvent the latter three complications. Work at the Naval Research Laboratory on SAM resists is outlined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dobisz, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-492-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 584 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ82A UT WOS:000089704100009 ER PT S AU Levy, M Osgood, RM Rachford, FJ Kumar, A Bakhru, H AF Levy, M Osgood, RM Rachford, FJ Kumar, A Bakhru, H BE Jia, QX Miranda, FA Oates, DE Xi, XX TI Narrow-linewidth yttrium iron garnet films for heterogeneous integration SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We report on the fabrication and characterization of single-crystal films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) for heterogeneous integration onto growth-incompatible substrates. The process entails the implantation of energetic helium ions into the material, resulting in the formation of a fast etching sacrificial layer. Separation from the growth substrate is followed by an annealing step, yielding a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth of 0.70 Oe from a virgin sample of linewidth 0.55 Oe. Magnetization measurements show a distinct softening of the in-plane response to an applied field. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Levy, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-511-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 603 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ82C UT WOS:000089705600014 ER PT S AU Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Wu, HD Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Newman, HS Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS AF Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Wu, HD Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Newman, HS Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS BE Jia, QX Miranda, FA Oates, DE Xi, XX TI Frequency agile microwave applications using (Ba,Sr)TiO3/Y3Fe5O12 multilayer grown by pulsed laser deposition SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto single crystal Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) substrates with/without an MgO buffer layer. The structure and microwave properties of BST films have been investigated as function of substrate orientation and O-2 deposition pressures (5-800mTorr). The orientation of BST film is varies with the deposition conditions. The dielectric constant, loss tangent, and change in dielectric constant with an applied electric field have been measured at room temperature using interdigitated capacitors at 0.1 - 20 GHz. Polycrystalline BST films have a high tunability (similar to 40%) with a de bias field of 67kV/cm and a dielectric Q (=1/tan delta) between 30 and 40, while (001) oriented BST films have a lower tunability (similar to 20%) but higher dielectric Q (similar to 50). A coplanar waveguide transmission line was fabricated from a (001) oriented BST film on (111)YIG which exhibited a 17 degrees differential phase shift with an applied de bias of 21 kV/cm. An equivalent differential phase shift was achieved with a magnetic field of 160Guass. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-511-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 603 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ82C UT WOS:000089705600015 ER PT S AU Chang, W Horwitz, JS Kim, WJ Gilmore, CM Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB AF Chang, W Horwitz, JS Kim, WJ Gilmore, CM Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB BE Jia, QX Miranda, FA Oates, DE Xi, XX TI Microstructural architecture of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films for tunable microwave applications SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GLASS AB BaXSr1-XTiO3 (BST, x=0.5 and 0.6) thin films have been deposited onto (100) MgO single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The room temperature capacitance and dielectric quality factor (Q=1/tan delta) have been measured as a function of electric field (I 100 kV/cm) at microwave frequencies (1 to 20 GHz) using silver interdigitated electrodes deposited on top of the SST film. It has been observed that the dielectric constant of the film and its change with electric field are closely related to film phase (amorphous to crystalline phase) and film strain which affects the ionic polarization of the film. Amorphous BST films show high dielectric Q (> 100) with low dielectric constant (similar to 30-200) and low dielectric tuning (< 1%), presumably due to small ionic polarization. Crystalline films have a higher dielectric constant (similar to 1000-3000) and a higher dielectric tuning (similar to 65%) but a lower dielectric Q (similar to 20). As an optimal microstructure of the film for tunable microwave applications, strain-relieved large-grained (similar to 5000 Angstrom) randomly oriented polycrystalline films were deposited using a thin amorphous buffer layer of BST (similar to 50 Angstrom). Very large grains (size up to a few microns) were observed in BST films prepared using a thicker amorphous buffer layer (similar to 500 Angstrom). We will present results on how careful control of microstructure can lead to films with optimal dielectric properties for the tunable microwave devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-511-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 603 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ82C UT WOS:000089705600024 ER PT S AU Carreiro, LG Ames, GH Ramotowski, TS Curry, PD AF Carreiro, LG Ames, GH Ramotowski, TS Curry, PD BE WunFogle, M Uchino, K Ito, Y Gotthardt, R TI Radial Bragg grating package for temperature compensation in interferometric hydrophone arrays SO MATERIALS OF SMART SYSTEMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Smart Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP USN Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; ZRW2O8 AB A new method of packaging fiber Bragg gratings to stabilize their wavelength over temperature variations was developed using a grating mount fabricated from zirconium tungstate (ZrW2O8), a ceramic with a negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The principle of operation is based on the differences in CTE of the Bragg grating and grating mount, with the mount serving as a compensator for the thermo-optic effects of the fiber. As the temperature is elevated, the refractive index of the grating increases, shifting the reflection wavelength to longer wavelength. At the same time the ceramic grating mount contracts relieving some of the tension on the grating, causing a shift to shorter wavelength. Since these two effects offset each other, the thermal wavelength shift of the grating can be minimized or even eliminated. In addition to a description of the temperature-compensating device, the properties of zirconium tungstate are briefly discussed with emphasis on the processing of the ceramic grating mount. Thermal analysis data is given for zirconium tungstate with 5% polymer binder addition. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Carreiro, LG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-512-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 604 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ82D UT WOS:000089705900027 ER PT S AU Last, HR Hemker, KJ Witt, R AF Last, HR Hemker, KJ Witt, R BE DeBoer, MP Heuer, AH Jacobs, SJ Peeters, E TI MEMs material microstructure and elastic property modeling SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILMS; POLYSILICON; STRENGTH; MODULUS; NICKEL AB Results from initial efforts to develop a quantitative understanding of the material microstructure - elastic properties relationship for electroplated LIGA nickel will be presented. Microsample tensile testing and microstructural characterization results including grain size and gain orientation measurements obtained using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) are discussed. The use of these data in the development of a finite element modeling approach to represent the mechanical response of "meso-scale" LIGA nickel MEMS material will be highlighted. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underwater Warheads Technol & Dev Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Last, HR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underwater Warheads Technol & Dev Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RI Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-513-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 605 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR05E UT WOS:000165506600026 ER PT S AU Johnson, LF Moran, MB Savrun, E Sarikaya, M Kolega, RR AF Johnson, LF Moran, MB Savrun, E Sarikaya, M Kolega, RR BE Ginley, DS Perkins, JD Kawazoe, H Newns, DM Kozyrev, AB TI IR-transparent electrically conductive CuAlxOx deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF NOVEL OXIDE-BASED ELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based Electronics held at the 2000 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB This paper reports on progress in the fabrication of IR-transparent electrically conductive copper aluminum oxide (CuAlxOy) by reactive magnetron co-sputtering from high-purity-Cu and -Al targets in an argon-oxygen-gas mixture. Recent equipment modifications have resulted in much better control of deposition parameters like forward and reflected power and, consequently, much better control of film composition. Applying the correct amount of power to each target and adjusting the oxygen-partial pressure have significantly reduced the growth of surface-oxide layers on the metal targets. Equipment and process improvements have eliminated the sputter-rate inconsistencies and arcing that led to lack of composition control in our earliest films. We now have much better control of film composition and are beginning to understand the relationship between the electro-optical properties and the molecular structure of the films using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). A pair of weakly intense FTIR absorption bands at 1470 and 1395cm(-1) is present in films that have enhanced electrical conductivity and IR transparency. Understanding the origin of these bands could speed development of CuAlO2 as a wide-bandgap-conductive oxide since these bands are clearly associated with enhanced conductivity and carrier mobility. The best film to date transmits about 80% in the mid-wave IR and has a sheet resistance of 160 Omega /sq. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-531-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 623 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BS03D UT WOS:000168381900036 ER PT J AU Yu, QS Greig, NH Holloway, HW Flippen-Anderson, JL Brossi, A AF Yu, QS Greig, NH Holloway, HW Flippen-Anderson, JL Brossi, A TI (-)-(3aS)-eseroline carbamate (II), a potent cholinesterase inhibitor and close analogue of physostigmine: Reanalysis SO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; (-)-ESEROLINE; PHENSERINE AB (-)-Eseroline 8 on reaction with trimethylsilyl isocyanate in refluxing toluene directly gave the crystalline tricyclic urea 2. Carbamate 1 was made by debenzylation of 2',4'-dimethoxybenzylcarbamate 17. The structures of carbamate 1 and tricyclic urea 2 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Carbamate 1, like physostigmine, was found to possess high inhibitory activity against human acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in vitro and potent action when administered to rats in in vivo studies. C1 NIA, Neurosci Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr 4B02, Intramural Res Program,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Neurosci Lab, Gerontol Res Ctr 4B02, Intramural Res Program,NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1054-2523 J9 MED CHEM RES JI Med. Chem. Res. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 186 EP 199 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 373QN UT WOS:000165300500005 ER PT J AU Gaudett, MA Scully, JR AF Gaudett, MA Scully, JR TI Part II. Metallurgical factors governing the H-assisted intergranular cracking of peak-aged Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (Beta-C) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; NICKEL; TI-15V-3CR-3SN-3AL; SEGREGATION; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION; INITIATION; FRACTURE AB A previous study (Part I) showed that the solution-treated and aged (STA) (i.e., peak-aged) condition of Beta-C Ti, (sigma(0.2 pct y) = 1260 MPa) possesses an enhanced hydrogen (H) embrittlement susceptibility compared to the solution-treated (ST) condition, (sigma(0.2 pct y) = 865 MPa), as measured by reductions in the fracture initiation stress with predissolved H content and the introduction of an intergranular (IG) fracture mode. It was also shown that yield-strength elevation and the subsequent enhancement in the local hydrostatic stresses within the notch root are not the controlling factors in the H-assisted* IG fracture initiation of the STA condition. Previous work (Part I) implicates a microstructural feature or condition associated with the 500 degrees C aging treatment. In this study, it is shown that localized internal hydride precipitation at the grain boundaries or alpha beta interfaces was not detected by a variety of experimental methods over the range Of internal H contents for which IG fracture initiation was observed. It was also shown that grain-boundary alpha colonies or films are not responsible for the IG fracture initiation in the STA condition. A measured increase in hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility as a function of aging time at 500 degrees C is consistent with the segregation or depletion of a critical species at the grain boundary, However, grain-boundary segregation/depletion could not be detected with Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) of specimens fracturing in a vacuum. Compression tests used to characterize and compare the alloys' slip behavior showed that plastic deformation is concentrated at or near the grain boundaries in the STA condition, Therefore, a possible intergranular fracture initiation mechanism that includes the effects Of hydrogen and localized deformation is discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Fatigue & Fracture Branch, W Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Gaudett, MA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Fatigue & Fracture Branch, W Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0055-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 274JQ UT WOS:000084763100010 ER PT J AU Leslie, LM Abbey, RF AF Leslie, LM Abbey, RF TI Hurricane predictability: are there simple linear invariants within these complex nonlinear dynamical systems? SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE TRACK PREDICTABILITY; TROPICAL CYCLONES AB Forecasting the tracks of hurricanes is a problem of immense importance. It is a major scientific exercise in solving the complicated set of mathematical equations that govern the behavior of atmospheric flow in general and hurricanes in particular. Moreover, hurricanes rank as the most devastating of all natural phenomena, in terms of loss of life and destruction of property. Hitherto, unlike many other atmospheric and oceanic systems, hurricanes have defied rapid advances in prediction of their motion, and progress has been of the order of a mere one percent or so reduction per annum in mean 48 hour forecast position errors over the past two decades. A research program aimed at estimating inherent and actual mean absolute forecast position errors, has produced an apparent paradox. Despite the fact that the equations governing hurricane motion are a complex, coupled, nonlinear set of dynamical equations, there is very strong evidence for the existence of an underlying simple, linear, invariant behavior. The original aim of the research program was to determine the lower limits of mean hurricane forecast position errors and to quantify them out to 72 hour leadtime. The appearance of the paradox meant that the focus shifted first to examining and explaining the paradox. Attention then turns to showing that the mean forecasts errors are still a very large 40 to 50 percent lower than the mean position errors currently being achieved in practice by state-of-the-art models numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Leslie, LM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s007030070025 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 334LQ UT WOS:000088188300006 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA AF Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA TI A multi-scale simulation of an extreme downslope windstorm over complex topography SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON CASCADE MOUNTAINS; 3 SPATIAL DIMENSIONS; WESTERN SIDE; COLD FRONTS; MODEL; WAVES; MESOSCALE; DYNAMICS; EVENT; EVOLUTION AB A severe localized windstorm, with near-surface winds > 60 ms(-1), occurred in an isolated valley within the Alpine mountains (>1800 m) of central Norway on 31 January 1995. A multi-scale numerical simulation of the event was performed with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)'s Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), configured with four nested grids telescoping down to 1-km horizontal resolution. The windstorm occurred in response to topographic blocking and deformation of a lower-tropospheric warm front and attendant jet (> 35 ms(-1) at 2 km). The key findings are: i) mountain wave resonance and amplification arising from the interaction of the surface-based front and jet with complex orography, ii) sensitivity of the wave response to differential diabatic heating (vertical) gradients above the front, and iii) trapped response within the layer of large frontal stratification in the lower troposphere and subsequent amplification consistent with the theoretically-established two-layer windstorm analogue of Durran (1986). C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 EI 1436-5065 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s007030070027 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 334LQ UT WOS:000088188300008 ER PT B AU Ligler, FS Rowe, CA Balderson, SA Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP AF Ligler, FS Rowe, CA Balderson, SA Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP BE Harrison, DJ VanDenBerg, A TI Fluorescence array biosensor Part 2: Biochemistry and application SO MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS '98 SE MESA MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Micro-Total Analysis Systems (mu-TAS'98) CY OCT 13-16, 1998 CL BANFF, CANADA DE optical biosensor; array; multi-analyte assay; antibody ID IMMOBILIZATION; ANTIBODIES; SURFACES; SILANES AB An automated biosensor capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously has shown ng/ml levels of sensitivity for toxins, bacteria, and viruses. The biosensor can run multiple samples simultaneously over an array of capture antibodies. Exposure of the array to sample is followed by exposure to a cocktail of fluorescent antibodies. Fluorescence array elements detected by a CCD indicate the presence and identity of an analyte in the sample. The immunochemistry is described and assay results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5322-6 J9 MESA MG PY 2000 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BP68E UT WOS:000085854700052 ER PT B AU Tamanaha, CR Baselt, DR Sheehan, PE Colton, RJ AF Tamanaha, CR Baselt, DR Sheehan, PE Colton, RJ BE Harrison, DJ VanDenBerg, A TI Fluidics for a multi-analyte detector based on intermolecular binding forces SO MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS '98 SE MESA MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Micro-Total Analysis Systems (mu-TAS'98) CY OCT 13-16, 1998 CL BANFF, CANADA DE biosensors; DNA; fluidics; magnetoresistive material; microbeads ID DNA AB We are developing a novel biosensor-the Bead Array Counter (DARC)-which has the potential to simultaneously detect thousands of analytes. BARC is an adaptation of atomic force microscope (AFM) experiments in which the interaction forces that bind DNA-DNA, antibody-antigen, or ligand-receptor pairs together are measured. Using magnetic microbeads to exert force and numerous magnetoresistive sensors to detect the microbeads, it is possible to perform thousands of such experiments simultaneously. Thus, with BARC, it is possible to detect individual molecular bonds and test their strength. For our preliminary investigation, we are developing BARC as a hybridization assay in which DNA probes are covalently attached to the sensors by inkjet patterning techniques. We are also:developing miniature fluidic devices through modeling and testing of prototype designs that will assure the delivery of microliter volumes of fluid and the even dispersion of microbeads, at the site of detection. Operational idiosyncrasies of BARC require special considerations in the construction and actuation of the miniaturized pumps and valves, such:as non-magnetic components and attention to particulate matter. Other objectives include thermoplastic replication of the fluidic channels, modularity of the fluidic and electronic components, ease of sample delivery and assay preparation, reduction of contamination between assays, and materials compatibility with the assay chemistry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tamanaha, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5322-6 J9 MESA MG PY 2000 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BP68E UT WOS:000085854700097 ER PT B AU Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP Liger, FS AF Feldstein, MJ Golden, JP Liger, FS BE Harrison, DJ VanDenBerg, A TI Fluoriscence array biosensor part 1: Optics and fluidics SO MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS '98 SE MESA MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Micro-Total Analysis Systems (mu-TAS'98) CY OCT 13-16, 1998 CL BANFF, CANADA DE optical biosensor; array; multi-analyte assay; antibody AB An automated biosensor capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously has shown ng/ml levels of sensitivity for toxins, bacteria, and viruses. The biosensor can run multiple samples simultaneously over an array of capture antibodies. Exposure of the array to sample is followed by exposure to a cocktail of fluorescent antibodies. Fluorescence spots detected by a CCD indicate the presence and identity of an analyte in the sample. Engineering of the flow channels, fluidics, and optics is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldstein, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5322-6 J9 MESA MG PY 2000 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BP68E UT WOS:000085854700103 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Blair, PJ Kirk, AD AF Elster, EA Blair, PJ Kirk, AD TI Potential of costimulation-based therapies for composite tissue allotransplantation SO MICROSURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Composite Tissue Allotransplantation CY MAY 17-18, 2000 CL LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY ID DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSFUSION; RENAL-ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; T-HELPER; SKIN; CD40; CELL; TRANSPLANTATION; TOLERANCE; ISLET AB Clinical success has not been routinely achieved for composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA). Although most of the technical details of CTA have been overcome, the immunological aspects of these procedures have proved complex. Many traumatic conditions requiring CTA contraindicate acute global immunosuppression. Moreover, the risk of longterm immunosuppression is difficult to reconcile with non-life-threatening defects that can be adequately palliated. Recently, several successful immunomodulating strategies have been introduced for solid organ transplantation. They include therapies that alter costimulatory signals at engraftment. One approach, using treatment with a monoclonal antibody directed against CD154, has shown promise in rodent and nonhuman primate models and is discussed as a potential strategy for CTA. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, NIDDK, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), USN, NIDDK, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Res Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0738-1085 J9 MICROSURG JI Microsurgery PY 2000 VL 20 IS 8 BP 430 EP 434 DI 10.1002/1098-2752(2000)20:8<430::AID-MICR14>3.0.CO;2-K PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 389MV UT WOS:000166242900013 PM 11150995 ER PT S AU Higgins, RF Herndon, CC AF Higgins, RF Herndon, CC GP IEEE IEEE TI JCIT, a production-ready field tested non-proprietary software definable radio SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a multi-channel, multi-mode, multi-band, modular communications terminal called the Joint Combat Information Terminal (JCIT). The JCIT is the heart of the communications system for the Army Airborne Command and Control System (A2C2S). The production-ready JCIT has been field tested by the US Marine Corps (USMC) in command and control variants of the Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) and Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV). The functionality, expandability, and modularity of JCIT provide state-of-the-art communications for military and civil agencies. Interoperability with SINCGARS, HAVE QUICK, HF, National Satellite Intelligence Broadcasts, military precision GPS, IEEE-802.11, Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS/GBS), Air Traffic Control, Police, Fire, and Civil Maritime has been demonstrated in the field and in the laboratory. The JCIT architecture was designed to meet current and future military command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C41) requirements. It provides a total communications system solution from the antenna to the user. The modules developed for the JCIT are not proprietary. The architecture is built from a common set of hardware and software modules. Software allows the hardware to interoperate with other legacy or future radio systems on operator command. Hardware and software insertion to meet future requirements is supported by the architecture is readily adaptable to new platforms, utilizing unchanged hardware and software modules. Although the architecture is not considered "open" by the industry standards, full Government Interface Control Documents exist that allow any third party to build hardware or software components for the system. Eight-channel vehicular/airborne units and two-channel vehicular/manpack units have been built. These units share hardware modules and software applications without modification. C1 Naval Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Space Syst Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Higgins, RF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Space Syst Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800046 ER PT S AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Algorithms for bandwidth-limited energy-efficient wireless broadcasting and multicasting SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB We address the impact of bandwidth limitations on the operation and performance of the energy-efficient broadcasting and multicasting schemes developed for all-wireless networks in our earlier studies. After a discussion of the properties of the all-wireless medium, we describe algorithms for broadcasting and multicasting, and we indicate how the impact of limited frequency resources can be addressed. Alternative schemes are developed for frequency assignment, and their performance is compared under different levels of traffic load. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; tony@eng.umd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800093 ER PT S AU Lebaric, JE Adler, RW Gainor, TM AF Lebaric, JE Adler, RW Gainor, TM GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultra-Wideband Radio Frequency Vest Antenna SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB The Ultra-Wideband Radio Frequency Vest Antenna is the result of the research efforts to develop an antenna system to support the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) currently being procured by the United States Department of Defense. The JTRS is an Ultra-Wideband radio system that is expected to operate in the two Megahertz to two thousand Megahertz frequency range. It is a frequency agile system that requires an equally responsive antenna system. The operating spectrum of the radio has been determined to be effectively covered through the use of three separate antennas. The frequency divisions are two to thirty Megahertz, thirty to five hundred Megahertz, and five hundred to two thousand Megahertz. This paper focuses on the thirty to five hundred Megahertz frequency range in support of the dismounted Marine or soldier in all combat environments. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lebaric, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lebaric@nps.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 588 EP 590 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800113 ER PT S AU Lebaric, J Tan, AT AF Lebaric, J Tan, AT GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultra-wideband RF helmet antenna SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB This paper addresses the development of an ultra-wideband, vertically polarized communications antenna integrated into the camouflage cover of a standard military-issue Kevlar helmet. The Helmet Camouflage Cover Antenna (referred to as the "helmet antenna") is one of three antennas based on the antenna COMbat Wear INtegration (COMWIN) concept developed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) for the man -portable implementation of the new Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS). The results of computer simulations and proto type measurements for the helmet antenna are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lebaric, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 591 EP 594 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800114 ER PT S AU Abramo, R Adams, R Canez, FV Pace, H Haglind, CP AF Abramo, R Adams, R Canez, FV Pace, H Haglind, CP GP IEEE IEEE TI Fabrication and testing of the COMWIN Vest Antenna SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB Man-carried antennas usually identify the radio operator in a squad. The antennas are often whips that are narrowband and tailored to a particular radio. The Joint Tactical Radio with a frequency range from 2 MHz to 2 GHz presents new requirements. Incorporating the antenna into the uniform will hinder identification of the radio operator. A prototype of an antenna in the form of a Vest is part of the Combat Wear Integrated (COMWIN) Antenna System. The COMWIN Vest Antenna was fabricated and tested at the SPAWAR Systems Center. The design was proposed and analyzed theoretically by researchers at the Naval Postgraduate School. Impedance measurements showed close agreement with the theoretical predictions. The calculations had predicted a resonance at 95 MHz and a relatively constant impedance for higher frequencies. When a person wore the vest, the frequency of the resonance decreased to 65 MHz and the maximum impedance decreased by a factor of 4. When a transformer was inserted into the circuit, the measured VSWR was less than 3.1:1 for all frequencies between 100 and 500 MHz. Radiation patterns compared favorably with the predictions. The pattern is isotropic and vertically polarized for frequencies less than 250 MHz. For these frequencies there is a minor null in the elevation pattern at an angle of 30 degrees. Most of the energy is directed towards the horizon. Research into the COMWIN Vest Antenna capable of transmitting or receiving at all frequencies between 30 and 500 MHz is planned. The radiation hazards of using this technology will be assessed and mitigated. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Abramo, R (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800115 ER PT S AU Macker, JP Adamson, RB AF Macker, JP Adamson, RB GP IEEE IEEE TI Reliable multicast congestion control (RMCC) SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB At present, there are no standardized, Internet-based multicast transport protocols that provide effective, dynamic congestion control methods for safe, widescale deployment of end-to-end rate adaptive applications (e.g., file transfer). Recent research and standardization efforts are beginning to address these issues. This paper describes ongoing research and development related to network congestion control mechanisms for multicast data transport. We concentrate on the design issues for reliable multicast protocols in particular and we describe our approach for adding dynamic congestion control to a negative-acknowledgement oriented protocol. We also present simulation and modeling results demonstrating prototype system performance, including analysis of TCP fairness and router congestion indicators. We also relate our work to other ongoing research and standards development efforts. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 685 EP 689 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800133 ER PT S AU Moraitakis, I Fargues, MP AF Moraitakis, I Fargues, MP GP IEEE IEEE TI Feature extraction of intra-pulse modulated signals using time-frequency analysis SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB Time-frequency/wavelet decompositions and pattern recognition schemes are used to extract the parameters of linear and hyperbolic chirps. The study first compares the robustness to additive noise distortions of eleven different transformations applied in connection with the Radon transform to estimate linear chirp parameters. Second, it proposes an iterative scheme to estimate hyperbolic chirp parameters from the time-frequency image. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moraitakis, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 737 EP 741 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800144 ER PT S AU Boyd, PL Robertson, RC AF Boyd, PL Robertson, RC GP IEEE IEEE TI Recovery of unknown constraint length and generator polynomials for linear convolutional encoders SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB There are cases where the parameters of a forward error correcting encoder, the constraint length K and the generator polynomials, are unknown and must be obtained before the message data can be recovered. An algorithm is presented which, through observation and manipulation of the encoder data, composes a synthetic impulse response and from this sequence performs encoder parameter recovery. With these parameters in hand, selection of a suitable (Viterbi) decoder is straightforward, as is recovery of message data. The class of encoder examined is feedback-free, rate 1/2, linear, convolutional encoders, and for simplicity the algorithm is presented assuming noise-free data. The algorithm is then generalized to accommodate rate m/n codes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Boyd, PL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 947 EP 951 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800186 ER PT S AU Boyd, PL Robertson, RC AF Boyd, PL Robertson, RC GP IEEE IEEE TI Recovery of unknown constraint length and generator polynomials for linear convolutional encoders in noise SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB In cases where the parameters of a forward error correcting encoder (the constraint length K and the generator polynomials) are unknown, they must be obtained before the message data can be recovered. The Synthetic Impulse Response Sequence (SIRS) algorithm, through observation and manipulation of the encoded output, composes a synthetic impulse response and from this sequence performs encoder parameter recovery. With these parameters in hand, selection of a suitable (Viterbi) decoder and recovery of message data is straightforward. In this paper we apply the SIRS algorithm in a noisy environment. The elements of the algorithm are extended to accommodate erroneous encoded data, and the impacts of noise upon probability of a correct solution are considered. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Boyd, PL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 952 EP 956 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800187 ER PT S AU Tope, MA McEachen, JC AF Tope, MA McEachen, JC GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance evaluation of synthetic waveguide communication in a Nakagami-m fading environment SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB In this paper, we Examine the scenario, where two communicants use some limited number of relay units to propagate messages to one another across a Nakagami-m fading environment. Each autonomous relay, unit has omnidirectional transmit/receive capability to establish power limited communication link with neighboring relay units. The outage probability is derived for various "synthetic waveguide" configurations, which introduce spatial diversity. As signal fading increases, such spatial diversity provides a dramatic improvement in performance over the nominal "bucket brigade" configuration of placing the relay units at uniform spacing along the line intersecting the communicants. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP Tope, MA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437,Code EC-MJ, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 1154 EP 1158 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800223 ER PT S AU McEachen, JC Chesser, RL AF McEachen, JC Chesser, RL GP IEEE IEEE TI Vulnerabilities in the Open Shortest Path First Interior Gateway Protocol SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB In order to reduce the number of successful attacks against the U.S. Government's computer networks, resources must be invested not only into implementing known fixes and security measures but also into the identification and correction of vulnerabilities before adversaries cart exploit them. This thesis identifies one such vulnerability in the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Interior Gateway Protocol. This protocol is responsible for deciding which route network traffic will take, assuming multiple routes exist, in an autonomous system. This vulnerability spoofs renters running OSPF into altering the route that certain traffic takes without introducing abnormalities that would alert system administrators. In addition, this mode of deception call be continued indefinitely or reversed without alerting administrators. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd, Room 437, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 1224 EP 1228 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800236 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA Wallace, D Pasque, C Brickhouse, N Olsen, D Styk, S Dortch, M Beckman, WA AF Lucha, PA Wallace, D Pasque, C Brickhouse, N Olsen, D Styk, S Dortch, M Beckman, WA TI Surgical wound morbidity in an austere surgical environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION RATES; RISK AB Surgical wound morbidity was analyzed for a U,S, military field hospital deployed to the Republic of Haiti in support of Operation New Horizons 1998. The purpose of the analysis was to determine if procedures performed in the field hospital had greater infectious risks as a result of the environment compared with historical reports for traditional hospital or clinic settings. Acceptable historical infection rates of 1.5% for clean surgical cases, 7.7% for clean contaminated cases, 15.2% for contaminated cases, and 40% for dirty cases have been noted. There were 827 operations performed during a B-month period, with the majority of patients assigned American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification class I or II. The distribution of these cases was: 72% clean cases, 5% clean contaminated cases, 4% contaminated cases, and 19% dirty cases. The overall wound complication rate was 3,6%, which included 5 wound infections, 11 wound hematomas, 8 superficial wound separations, and 6 seromas. The infectious morbidity for clean cases, the index for evaluation of infectious complications, was 0,8%, well within the accepted standards. There were two major complications that required a return to the operating room: a wound dehiscence with infection in an orchiectomy, and a postoperative hematoma with airway compromise in a subtotal thyroidectomy, There were no surgical mortalities. The infectious wound morbidity for operations performed in the field hospital environment was found to be equivalent to that described for the fixed hospital or clinic settings. No special precautions were necessary to ensure a low infection rate. The safety for patients undergoing elective surgical procedures has been established. Further training using these types of facilities should not be limited based on concerns for surgical wound morbidity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276HE UT WOS:000084871300003 PM 10658421 ER PT J AU Graham, WF Hourani, LL Sorenson, D Yuan, HX AF Graham, WF Hourani, LL Sorenson, D Yuan, HX TI Demographic differences in body composition of Navy and Marine corps personnel: Findings from the perception of wellness and readiness assessment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ETHNIC-GROUPS; MASS INDEX; WEIGHT; AGE; OVERWEIGHT; FATNESS; ADULTS; WOMEN; SEX AB With the recent increase in women's representation in the military, baseline physical measurement data are needed to help set appropriate accession and retention standards and to design useful prevention and intervention programs in the areas of physical fitness and health. This study incorporated several body composition indices to obtain anthropometric data for a representative sample of 1,292 active duty Navy and Marine Corps women and men. It also assessed the extent to which personnel met weight-for-height and body fat standards. The prevalence of overweight was considerably lower among Marine Corps women compared with Navy women and was slightly less for Marine Corps men compared with their Navy counterparts. Between one-fifth and one-third of military personnel exceeded Navy/Marine Corps weight-for-height standards. Navy women tended to meet weight standards more often than Navy men. Fewer Marine Corps women than men were overweight, but more exceeded their weight-for-height standards. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Sorenson, D (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276HE UT WOS:000084871300013 PM 10658431 ER PT J AU Parchman, SW Ellis, JA Christinaz, D Vogel, M AF Parchman, SW Ellis, JA Christinaz, D Vogel, M TI An evaluation of three computer-based instructional strategies in basic electricity and electronics training SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Job requirements for Navy electronic technicians include extensive knowledge of basic electricity and electronics (BE/E) fundamentals. Historically the BE/E material has proved difficult for trainees to learn and has resulted in high setback and attrition rates. This study evaluates alternative computer-based instructional strategies for teaching complex technical content with 4 instructional conditions: computer-based drill and practice (CBDP), enhanced computer-based instruction (ECBI), a computer-based adventure game (GAME), and the existing classroom instruction (CI). We evaluated trainees on completion of the instruction with a schoolhouse comprehensive test, a specially designed cognitive skills test, and a motivation questionnaire. In addition, we recorded and analyzed the time participants took to complete the instruction. In general, the CBDP and ECBI groups outperformed the CI and GAME groups on all measures. The GAME condition performed no better than the CI condition. When differences existed between the ECBI and CBDP groups, the ECBI group performed better. C1 USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Parchman, SW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Code 496,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1201_4 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 292KH UT WOS:000085792800004 ER PT J AU Murata, H Mattoussi, H Merritt, CD Iizumi, Y Kido, J Tokuhisa, H Tsutsui, T Kafafi, ZH AF Murata, H Mattoussi, H Merritt, CD Iizumi, Y Kido, J Tokuhisa, H Tsutsui, T Kafafi, ZH TI Molecular organic light-emitting diodes based on a guest-host active layer: Approaches for enhancing device performance SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials CY JUN 21-25, 1999 CL POZNAN, POLAND DE light-emitting diode; emission mechanism; energy transfer; direct carrier recombination ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; EMISSION; FILMS; EFFICIENCY AB We present a comprehensive study of enhancement mechanisms in electroluminescence devices where the active layer is doped with fluorescent dye. We demonstrate two typical systems where the emission mechanism is based on either energy transfer or direct carrier recombination. For the energy transfer mechanism, we find that the maximum quantum efficiency of multilayered devices depends on the nature of the host in addition to the luminescent properties of the guest, by comparing electroluminescence and absolute photoluminescence quantum yields in various guest-host systems. For the direct carrier recombination mechanism using rubrene as the dopant and TPD as the host, we find that the dual electronic nature of rubrene acting as a hole trap and an electron hopping site is responsible for maximizing the carrier recombination on the dopant molecule. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Yamagata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Yamagata 922, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP Murata, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI KIDO, Junji/H-3049-2012; Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2000 VL 353 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1080/10587250008025690 PG 14 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 422QX UT WOS:000168131700049 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Watanabe, T Kagoshima, K Fujita, S Mashiko, S Talukder, M Lindsay, GA Herman, WN Wynne, KJ Miyata, S AF Lee, SH Watanabe, T Kagoshima, K Fujita, S Mashiko, S Talukder, M Lindsay, GA Herman, WN Wynne, KJ Miyata, S TI Orientation of main-chain accordion polymers having different alkyl chains SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Korea-Japan Joint Forum on Organic Materials for Electronics and Photonics CY SEP 09-11, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA DE molecular orientation; home Y-type LB films; accordion polymer; reflected SHG; oriented gas model ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS AB The molecular orientations of home Y-type LB films of main-chain accordion polymer having different alkyl chain (R = 12 and 16) are investigated. The home Y-type LB films were prepared by using Miyata-type deposition system. The nonlinear optical coefficients of d33 for R = 12 and R = 16, from the result of reflected SHG intensity, are 12.0 and 8.6 pm/V. respectively. The bilayer spacing of homo Y-type LB films value from the result of wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) spectra is shorter than the fully extended length of each molecule by CPK model. From the Maker-fringe for Y-type LB films, the SHG strength became the strongest when the P-P polarization was greatly slanted in the substrate. These results reveal that spontaneous polarization remains along the thickness direction. We proposed the structure of a new home Y-type LB film which is different arrangement between odd-numbered layer and even-numbered layer. C1 Tokyo Univ A&T, BASE, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan. Minist Posts & Telecom, CRL, KARC, NanoTech Sec, Kobe, Hyogo 6512401, Japan. NAWCAD, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Minist Posts & Telecom, CRL, KARC, NanoTech Sec, Kobe, Hyogo 6512401, Japan. RI Watanabe, Toshiyuki/E-4356-2013 OI Watanabe, Toshiyuki/0000-0003-4555-0068 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2000 VL 349 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1080/10587250008024892 PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 372MA UT WOS:000165236400043 ER PT J AU Marangolo, M Loupias, G Rabii, S Erwin, SC Herold, C Mareche, JF Lagrange, P Buslaps, T Suortti, P AF Marangolo, M Loupias, G Rabii, S Erwin, SC Herold, C Mareche, JF Lagrange, P Buslaps, T Suortti, P TI Momentum density of electrons in CsRb2C60, versus temperature SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; band structure calculations; x-ray Compton scattering ID LITHIUM-INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; PROFILE AB The electronic momentum density in C-60 and CsRb2C60 are measured as a function of temperature from below T-c to room temperatue. The effect of the superconducting transition on the momentum distribution was found to be minimal and the effect of intercation appears to agree with a rigid band picture. C1 Univ Paris 06, LMCP, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 11, LURE, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Penn, Dept Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NRL, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Nancy 1, LCSM, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Univ Paris 06, LMCP, Case 115,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 EI 1563-5287 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2000 VL 339 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1080/10587250008031044 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 352BV UT WOS:000089195400017 ER PT B AU Carlin, RT Cho, TH Fuller, J AF Carlin, RT Cho, TH Fuller, J BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Stafford, GR Deki, S TI Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation with supported ionic liquid membranes SO MOLTEN SALTS XII, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Phys Electrochem, Electrochem Soc, Div High Temp Mat, Electrochem Soc, Div Electrodeposit, USAF, Off Sci Res, European Off Aersp Res & Dev AB Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) were employed to study the catalytic hydrogenation of propene to propane using a 10% Pd/C heterogeneous catalyst. The SILM configuration was asymmetric in nature with the solid Pd/C catalyst confined to the permeate side of the membrane reactor. Using a catalyst loading of approximately 25 mu g cm(-2) (based on Pd metal), the heterogeneous catalytic activity was found to follow the order EMI(Imide) > DMPIBF4 approximate to BMIPF6 approximate to EMI(Triflate) > EMIBF4. High catalyst activity was also found for a noncomplexing perfluorinated oil used in place of the ionic liquid. In addition, propene solubility in the ionic liquids was determined to be a function of both the perfluoroanion and the aliphatic nature of the cation and followed the order DMPIBF4 > BMIPF6 > EMI(Imide) > EMIBF4 > EMI(Triflate). Activity and solubility results are consistent with earlier studies on SILMs containing a homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Carlin, RT (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-264-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 41 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BQ13W UT WOS:000087280700003 ER PT B AU Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Stafford, GR Deki, S TI Ionic liquid, graphite and gel polymer electrolytes and electrodes using 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate SO MOLTEN SALTS XII, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Phys Electrochem, Electrochem Soc, Div High Temp Mat, Electrochem Soc, Div Electrodeposit, USAF, Off Sci Res, European Off Aersp Res & Dev AB An electrochemical study of composite gel electrodes and half-cells, of DMPIBF4, PVdF-HFP Kynar polymer, and graphite was undertaken. Four different graphite-to-DMPIBF4 ratios were combined with six different graphite-DMPIBF4-to-polymer ratios. These 24 solid, black rubber-like gels were studied initially as simple electrodes and as half-cells in solid battery systems. Initial electrode studies indicated peak charge/discharge efficiencies of over 70% for several combinations. These optimized half cells were used in a solid state battery set-up to test their charge-discharge behavior in the absence of an external, supporting electrolyte. From these solid systems, the highest cation charging efficiency of 77% with an anion charging efficiency of 65% were observed for the sample of composition 55.58:27.75:16.67, graphite:DMPIBF4 :polymer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-264-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 41 BP 32 EP 42 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BQ13W UT WOS:000087280700005 ER PT B AU Sutto, TE Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Sutto, TE Trulove, PC De Long, HC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Stafford, GR Deki, S TI Electrochemical studies of metal dichalcogenide-polymer composite electrodes in 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate SO MOLTEN SALTS XII, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Phys Electrochem, Electrochem Soc, Div High Temp Mat, Electrochem Soc, Div Electrodeposit, USAF, Off Sci Res, European Off Aersp Res & Dev AB A comparative electrochemical study of DMPIBF4 and EMIBF4 using layered metal sulfide- PVdF-HFP polymer composite electrodes was undertaken to investigate their use in place of graphite in the DIME Battery System. TiS2 and TaS2 were chosen since both are known to readily intercalate large heterocyclic compounds. MoS2 was chosen since it is similar in many ways to the other metal sulfides, but it does not lend itself to the intercalation of large guest species. Results indicate that MoS2 was too difficult to electrochemically intercalate, and exhibited no charge/discharge behavior. TaS2, on the other hand, underwent spontaneous intercalation, and subsequent exfoliation, resulting in low efficiencies. TiS2 exhibited a high efficiency for both cation (80%) and, remarkably, anion (65%) intercalation. Time delayed discharging indicated that the BF4- anion does suffer from chemical degradation within the sulfide layers over time, unlike that observed for BF4- in graphite. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-264-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 41 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BQ13W UT WOS:000087280700006 ER PT B AU Sutto, TE Sienerth, KD De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Sutto, TE Sienerth, KD De Long, HC Trulove, PC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Stafford, GR Deki, S TI Electrochemical intercalation studies of 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate in graphite and graphite-polymer composite electrodes SO MOLTEN SALTS XII, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Phys Electrochem, Electrochem Soc, Div High Temp Mat, Electrochem Soc, Div Electrodeposit, USAF, Off Sci Res, European Off Aersp Res & Dev AB A comparative electrochemical study of DMPIBF4 and EMIBF4 using both Graphite Rods and Graphite - PVdF-HFP Polymer was undertaken to investigate the DIME Battery System, and the relative behavior of the di and tri-substituted imidazolium cations. Both graphite Rad and Graphite-Polymer Composite Electrodes indicated that the tri-substituted imidazole DMPI+ exhibited much higher efficiencies than EMI+, 91% and 78%, respectively. In both ionic liquids, the anion charge/discharge efficiencies were significantly lower, reaching a maximum value of 71% in DMPIBF4. Subsequent analysis on various types of graphite/polymer composite electrodes indicated that electrodes composed of approximately 85% graphite and 15% PVdF-HFP Kynar Polymer exhibited enhanced charge/discharge behavior and general stability relative to pure graphite rods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-264-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 41 BP 54 EP 64 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BQ13W UT WOS:000087280700007 ER PT B AU Cheek, GT De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Cheek, GT De Long, HC Trulove, PC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Stafford, GR Deki, S TI Electrodeposition of niobium and tantalum from a room-temperature molten salt system SO MOLTEN SALTS XII, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Div Phys Electrochem, Electrochem Soc, Div High Temp Mat, Electrochem Soc, Div Electrodeposit, USAF, Off Sci Res, European Off Aersp Res & Dev ID IONIC LIQUIDS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CHLORIDE; MELTS AB The electrochemical behavior of NbCl5 and, to some extent, TaCl5, has been investigated in the aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ambient temperature molten salt system. Reduction of NbCl5 occurs in a series of one-electron steps in the acidic melt and apparently does not produce Nb-o at potentials approaching the aluminum deposition potential. Electrodeposition of Nb / Al films has been found to be feasible only when Nb(V) is reduced to the trivalent state in a preceding chemical reduction. Niobium powder was observed to be the most effective reducing agent for this purpose. The voltammetric characteristics of various other niobium complexes, such as NbCl4(thf)(2) and NbCl(3)dme, have also been briefly investigated. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Stop 9b,572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-264-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 41 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BQ13W UT WOS:000087280700057 ER PT J AU Franke, R Barker, E AF Franke, R Barker, E TI Vertical correlation functions for temperature and relative humidity errors SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION AB This article gives the details and results of an investigation into the properties of the temperature and relative humidity errors from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System for a 4-month period from March to June 1998. The spatial covariance data for temperature errors and for relative humidity errors were fit using eight different approximation functions/weighting methods. From these, two were chosen as giving good estimates of the parameters and variances of the prediction and observation errors and were used in further investigations. The vertical correlation between temperature errors at different levels and relative humidity errors at different levels was approximated using a combination of functional fitting and transformation of the pressure levels. The cross covariance between temperature and relative humidity errors at various pressure levels were approximated in two ways: 1) by directly computing and approximating the cross-covariance data, and 2) by approximating variance of the difference of normalized data. The latter led to more consistent results. Figures illustrating the results are included. C1 USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Franke, R (reprint author), USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd,Room 341, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2000 VL 128 IS 12 BP 3962 EP 3981 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)129<3962:VCFFTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386AQ UT WOS:000166038300002 ER PT J AU Mao, Q Chang, SW Pfeffer, RL AF Mao, Q Chang, SW Pfeffer, RL TI Influence of large-scale initial oceanic mixed layer depth on tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH-PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CURRENT RESPONSE; HURRICANE; INTENSITY; MODEL AB The influence of spatial variations of the oceanic mixed layer depth (OMLD) on tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. The model consists of a version of the Naval Research Laboratory limited area weather prediction model coupled to a simple 2 1/2-layer ocean model. Interactions between the TC and the ocean are represented by wind-induced turbulent mixing in the upper ocean and latent and sensible heat fluxes across the air-sea interface. Four numerical experiments are conducted with different spatial variations of the unperturbed OMLD representing idealizations of broad-scale patterns observed in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans during the tropical cyclone season. In each, the coupled model is integrated for 96 h with an atmospheric vortex initially of tropical storm intensity embedded in an easterly mean flow of 5 m s(-1) and located over an oceanic mixed layer that is locally 40 m deep. The numerical solutions reveal that the rate of intensification and final intensity of the TC are sensitive to the initial OMLD distribution, but that the tracks and the gross features of the wind and pressure patterns of the disturbances are not. In every experiment, the sea surface temperature exhibits a maximum induced cooling to the right of the path of the disturbance, as found in previous studies, with magnitudes ranging from 1.6 degrees to 4.1 degreesC, depending on the initial distribution of the mixed layer depth. Consistent with earlier studies, storm-induced near-inertial oscillations of the mixed layer current are found in the wake of the storm. In addition, numerical experiments are conducted to examine sensitivity of a coupled-model simulation to variations of horizontal resolution. Results indicate that the intensity and track of tropical cyclones are quantitatively sensitive to such changes. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Florida State Univ, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Mao, Q (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, CEB-2A,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2000 VL 128 IS 12 BP 4058 EP 4070 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)129<4058:IOLSIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386AQ UT WOS:000166038300008 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL Carr, LE AF Elsberry, RL Carr, LE TI Consensus of dynamical tropical cyclone track forecasts - Errors versus spread SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SKILL AB The relationships between consensus spread of five dynamical model tracks and the consensus mean error is explored for a western North Pacific tropical cyclone database of 381 cases. Whereas a small spread of the five tracks is often indicative of a small consensus track error, some cases with large errors also are found even though the consensus spread is small. Some of the success of the dynamical model consensus approach arises because a substantial number (21%) of the cases with a large consensus spread have reduced errors after the consensus averaging. In nearly all the cases in this sample, the best of the five models has a 72-h track error of less than 300 n mi, but no tools are available to allow the forecaster to always select this best model. It is demonstrated that the forecaster can also add value by forming a selective consensus after first eliminating one or more likely erroneous track(s) and averaging the remaining tracks. Conceptual models and symptoms in the predicted fields to assist the forecaster in this error detection have been separately described by the authors, and their successful application would result in more accurate selective consensus forecasts than nonselective consensus forecasts. C1 USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Code MR-Es,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2000 VL 128 IS 12 BP 4131 EP 4138 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)129<4131:CODTCT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386AQ UT WOS:000166038300015 ER PT J AU Moran, AL AF Moran, AL TI Midshipmen learn materials failure analysis and prevention through hands-on lab in course elective SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Div Engn & Weapons, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, AL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Div Engn & Weapons, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 331KA UT WOS:000088016900024 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Ancona, MG AF Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Ancona, MG TI New materials-theory-based model for output characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS; GAN AB A new model is used to examine the DC output characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors. The model is based on the charge-control/gradual-channel approximation and takes into account the non-linear current vs. voltage characteristics of the ungated AlGaN/GaN heterostructure channel regions. The model also includes thermal effects associated with device self-heating. For the power dissipation levels considered for many applications, the thermal degradation of the carrier drift velocity is shown to cause a negative output conductance in saturation. The temperature is incorporated self-consistently into the model through the field and temperature dependent mobility obtained from Monte Carlo transport simulations for electron transport in GaN. Calculated results presented for the DC output characteristics of several AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors show a strong dependence on the thermal properties of the substrate material. The substrate materials considered in this work are sapphire, SiC, ALN, and GaN. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 BP art. no. EP W11.15 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600088 ER PT J AU Carosella, CA Molnar, B Schiestel, S Sprague, JA AF Carosella, CA Molnar, B Schiestel, S Sprague, JA TI Wet etching of ion-implanted GaN crystals by AZ-400K photoresist SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE; ALN AB The photoresist developer AZ-400K, commonly used to remove AW encapsulant layers on GaN crystalline films, is found to also etch certain as-grown GaN films. Even as-grown GaN films, which can not be etched in AZ-400K, however can be etched if amorphized by ion implantation. Etch rates of as high as 450 Angstrom /min. were observed. The etching proceeds linearly in GaN in the first few minutes to a depth corresponding to the depth of the amorphous region. Subsequently, the etching rate saturates. Annealing of the highly amorphized samples up to 1000 degreesC for one minute in a N-2/H-2 gas mixture does not reduce the etch rate, but for lower doses we observed a reduction of the etch rate. Observations of etching depth under various ion-implanted conditions could be correlated with the number of displacements per atoms (dpa) required for amorphization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Carosella, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 BP art. no. EP W11.70 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600119 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Lester, LF Baca, AG Shul, RJ Chang, PC Willison, CG Mishra, UK Denbaars, SP Zolper, JC AF Zhang, L Lester, LF Baca, AG Shul, RJ Chang, PC Willison, CG Mishra, UK Denbaars, SP Zolper, JC TI Fabrication and characterization of GaN junctionfield effect transistors SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; P-N-JUNCTIONS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; MODFETS; PERFORMANCE; BREAKDOWN; DEVICES AB Junction field effect transistors (JFET) were fabricated on a GaN epitaxial structure grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The DC and microwave characteristics, as well as the high temperature performance of the devices were studied. These devices exhibited excellent pinch-off and a breakdown voltage that agreed with theoretical predictions. An extrinsic transconductance (g(m)) of 48 mS/mm was obtained with a maximum drain current (I-D) of 270 mA/mm The microwave measurement showed an f(T) of 6 GHz and an f(max) of 12 GHz. Both the l(D) and the g(m) were found to decrease with increasing temperature, possibly due to lower electron mobility at elevated temperatures. These JFETs exhibited a significant current reduction after a high drain bias was applied, which was attributed to a partially depleted channel caused by trapped electrons in the semi-insulating GaN buffer layer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 BP art. no. EP W4.9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600054 ER PT J AU Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI GaN decomposition in ammonia SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; HYDROGEN; PRESSURE; MOCVD AB GaN decomposition is studied as a function of pressure and temperature in mixed NH3 and H-2 flows more characteristic of the MOVPE growth environment. As NH3, is substituted for the 6 SLM H-2 flow, the GaN decomposition rate at 1000 degreesC is reduced from 1x10(16) cm(-2) s(-1) (i.e. 9 monolayers/s) in pure H-2 to a minimum of 1x10(14) cm(-2)s(-1) at an NH3 density of 1x10(19) cm(-3). Further increases of the NH3 density above 1x10(19) cm(-3) result in an increase in the GaN decomposition rate. The measured activation energy, E-A, for GaN decomposition in mixed H-2 and NH3 flows is less than the E-A measured in vacuum and in N-2 environments. As the growth pressure is increased under the same H-2 and NH3 now conditions, the decomposition rate increases and the growth rate decreases with the addition of trimethylgallium to the flow. The decomposition in mixed NH3 and H-2 and in pure H-2 flows behave similarly, suggesting that surface H plays a similar role in the decomposition and growth of GaN in NH3. C1 USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Code 6861, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 AR W3.64 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600039 ER PT S AU Foos, EE Berry, AD Snow, AW Armistead, JP AF Foos, EE Berry, AD Snow, AW Armistead, JP BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Hahn, H TI Preparation of nanocrystalline bismuth-containing powders through solution-phase reductions SO NANOPHASE AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOPARTICLES; SIZE AB In an attempt to both prepare nanocrystalline bismuth and understand the fundamental chemistry behind the formation of this potentially interesting material, we have examined the reduction of BiCl3 in the presence of strongly coordinating solvents and ligands. These studies have resulted in the formation of bismuth powders with approximate average particle sizes of between 20 and 40 nm which exhibit large size distributions. The simultaneous reduction of both gold and bismuth precursors, done in an attempt to better control the final particle size, instead produces Au2Bi of comparable dimensions. There is no evidence that the ligands utilized in either of these systems remain bound to the final product. These nanocrystalline powders have been characterized through XRD and TEM, and full derails of the synthesis are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-489-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 581 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQ34P UT WOS:000088059300009 ER PT B AU Kurihara, LK AF Kurihara, LK BE Chow, GM OvidKo, IA Tsakalakos, T TI Chemical processing of nanostructured coatings SO NANOSTRUCTURED FILMS AND COATINGS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Films and Coatings CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL SANTORINI, GREECE SP NATO, High Technol Program, Int Field Off, US Off Naval Res, USA, European Res Off, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; GEL; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEPOSITION; COMPOSITE; ALN C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurihara, LK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6354, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurihara@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6265-9 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 78 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR79J UT WOS:000167555500005 ER PT B AU Kabacoff, LT AF Kabacoff, LT BE Chow, GM OvidKo, IA Tsakalakos, T TI Office of naval research initiative on wear resistant nanostructured materials SO NANOSTRUCTURED FILMS AND COATINGS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Films and Coatings CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL SANTORINI, GREECE SP NATO, High Technol Program, Int Field Off, US Off Naval Res, USA, European Res Off, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab ID VELOCITY C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kabacoff, LT (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6265-9 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 78 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR79J UT WOS:000167555500033 ER PT B AU Murday, J Celotta, R Pui, DY West, P AF Murday, J Celotta, R Pui, DY West, P BE Roco, MC Williams, RS Alivisatos, P TI Investigative tools: Experimental methods and probes SO NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: IWGN WORKSHOP REPORT: VISION FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY R&D IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nanotechnology Research Directions CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Interagency Working Grp Nanosci, Engn, Technol, Natl Sci & Technol Council ID SCANNING THERMAL MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE; DNA CHIP TECHNOLOGY; CARBON NANOTUBES; RESOLUTION; SURFACE; SCALE; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; MANIPULATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murday, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6220-9 PY 2000 BP 45 EP 70 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ47G UT WOS:000088436900004 ER PT B AU Sandidge, TL AF Sandidge, TL GP AMS AMS TI Naval oceanographic office support of national, state, and local satellite oceanography education programs SO NINTH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Education held at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Meteorological-Society CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS17M UT WOS:000168978800044 ER PT S AU Ratcliffe, CP Gillespie, JW Heider, D Eckel, DA Crane, RM AF Ratcliffe, CP Gillespie, JW Heider, D Eckel, DA Crane, RM BE Aktan, EM Gosselin, SR TI Experimental investigation into the use of vibration data for long term monitoring of an all composite bridge SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF HIGHWAYS, UTILITIES, AND PIPELINES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Highways, Utilities, and Pipelines IV CY MAR 07-09, 2000 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Int Soc Opt Engn DE composite materials; vibration testing; modal characterization; infrastructure health monitoring AB This paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation into using broadband vibration data to monitor the structural integrity and health of an all-composite bridge. Bridge 1-351 on Business Route 896 in Glasgow, Delaware, was replaced with one of the first stare-owned all-composite bridges in the nation in the fall of 1998. The bridge consists of two E-Glass/vinyl ester sandwich core sections (13-ft x 32 ft) joined by a longitudinal joint in the traffic direction. Each sandwich core section consists of a 28-inch deep core and 0.4-0.7-inch thick facesheets. Vibration data were obtained from a mesh of 1050 test points covering the upper and lower surfaces of the bridge. From the modal information and the visualization of the data, several aspects of the structural behavior of the bridge were obtained. These characteristics include the interactions between the bridge and abutments; the effectiveness of the longitudinal joint to couple the deck sections; the effectiveness of the core to couple the face sheets; and the structural integrity and dynamic consistency of the entire structure. In addition, mode shapes and natural frequencies were determined and are correlated with theoretical calculations and vibration analyses conducted for this bridge. A novel algorithm using the vibration data is being developed that enables local perturbations sensitive to the state of the material (e.g. manufacturing defects, material degradation or service damage) to be detected and spatially located in the bridge. This technique has been successfully validated for locating damage in 1-D beam structures and is being extended to the 3-D sandwich structure. Applications for quality assurance/quality control and health monitoring of large composite bridge structures using this technique will be discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ratcliffe, CP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3613-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3995 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1117/12.387853 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BQ47D UT WOS:000088436600007 ER PT S AU Korman, MS AF Korman, MS BE Lauterborn, W Kurz, T TI Determination of turbulent vorticity by the nonlinear scattering of crossed ultrasonic beams SO NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS AT THE TURN OF THE MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics CY SEP 01-04, 1999 CL GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, WE Heraeus Stiftung, State Niedersachsen AB The nonlinear interaction of two, mutually perpendicular crossed ultrasonic beams, overlapping in the presence of turbulence, generates a scattered sum frequency component that radiates outside the interaction region. In the absence of turbulence, virtually no scattered sum frequency component exists (outside the interaction region). A theoretical investigation is reported which relates the angular dependence of the time-dependent Doppler shift (of the scattered sum frequency) to the time-dependent velocity fluctuations of the turbulent eddies. When a second set of focused crossed beams is operated with an overlap region slightly displaced from the first set (by 1.27 mm), one can measure the vorticity using Doppler shift information from four distinct combination frequencies obtained at two different scattering angles. Experimental results are presented using continuous wave (CW) focused primary beams of frequencies f(1) = 1.8, f(2) = 2.0, f(3) = 2.2 and f(4) = 2.3 MHz (generated by concave transducer units with 15 cm focal lengths). The turbulence is generated by a submerged waterjet with nozzle diameter D = 0.635 cm and exit velocity approximate to 7 m/s. Here the interaction region is located 37D from the nozzle exit. A 4 MHz circular plane array receiving transducer detects four distinct scattered sum frequency components (at specific angles) using a spectrum analyzer to demonstrate the effect. The receiver is located 14D from the interaction region. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-945-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 524 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA BQ75G UT WOS:000089403000021 ER PT S AU Tran, P Yoo, C Garcia, D AF Tran, P Yoo, C Garcia, D BE Pierce, JW TI Quasi phase matched optical parametric amplification: Validity of the rotating wave approximation SO NONLINEAR MATERIALS DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Parametric Amplification; quasi phase match; rotating wave approximation ID AMPLIFIER; BANDWIDTHS; CONVERSION AB The quasi phase-matched Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA) gain formula, within the undepleted pump approximation, is developed with the aid of the Rotating Wave Approximation (RWA). The RWA keeps only the nearly phase-matched terms in the coupled Maxwell's equations for the signal and idler beam. The basis for dropping all the other terms is that they are rapidly oscillating an the length scale over which the nearly phase-matched terms vary appreciably and therefore will average to zero. This permits a closed form solution for the gain formula to be obtained. From the gain formula important quantities such as the spectral, temperature, and angular bandwidth can be calculated. The RWA solution is compared with exact numerical solution. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4120D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3545-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3928 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.379905 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP95E UT WOS:000086713800012 ER PT S AU Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Carosella, CA Schiestel, S AF Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Carosella, CA Schiestel, S GP OSA OSA OSA TI Ultrafast third order nonlinear optical response of germanium nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix SO NONLINEAR OPTICS: MATERIALS, FUNDAMENTALS, AND APPLICATIONS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications, Technical Digest CY AUG 06-10, 2000 CL KAUA I-LIHUE, HI SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & ElectroOpt Soc ID GE NANOCRYSTALS AB We study the properties of the third order nonlinear optical response of germanium nanoparticles embedded in a thin film silica matrix. Ultrafast four-wave mixing measurements are performed on samples with different nanoparticle diameters. (C)2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Codes 6820 & 6370, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-646-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 46 BP 102 EP 104 DI 10.1109/NLO.2000.883590 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR02P UT WOS:000165407100032 ER PT S AU Beadie, G Rabinovich, WS AF Beadie, G Rabinovich, WS GP OSA OSA OSA TI Transversely-pumped nonlinear conversion: Theory and numerical results SO NONLINEAR OPTICS: MATERIALS, FUNDAMENTALS, AND APPLICATIONS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications, Technical Digest CY AUG 06-10, 2000 CL KAUA I-LIHUE, HI SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & ElectroOpt Soc AB A transversely-pumped nonlinear conversion structure is examined. The existing scalar theory is extended to include the vector nature of the electromagnetic fields. Based on these results, detailed simulation of proposed structures is performed. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: (190.4410) Nonlinear optics, parametric processes; (190.4420) Nonlinear optics, transverse effects; (190.4390) Nonlinear optics. integrated optics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Codes 5614 & 5652,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-646-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 46 BP 251 EP 253 DI 10.1109/NLO.2000.883638 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR02P UT WOS:000165407100079 ER PT S AU McMorrow, D Thantu, N Kleiman, V Melinger, JS Lotshaw, WT Loughnane, BJ Farrer, RA Fourkas, JT AF McMorrow, D Thantu, N Kleiman, V Melinger, JS Lotshaw, WT Loughnane, BJ Farrer, RA Fourkas, JT GP OSA OSA OSA TI Analysis of intermolecular coordinate contributions to third-order nonlinear-optical response of liquids with a quantum harmonic-oscillator model SO NONLINEAR OPTICS: MATERIALS, FUNDAMENTALS, AND APPLICATIONS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications, Technical Digest CY AUG 06-10, 2000 CL KAUA I-LIHUE, HI SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & ElectroOpt Soc ID SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB An inhomogeneously-broadened quantum-mechanical harmonic oscillator model of a single intermolecular nuclear coordinate describes the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the subpicosecond dynamics of liquid CS2 as a function of temperature and in binary solutions of inert solvents. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.7110) Ultrafast nonlinear optics; (190.4710) Optical nonlinearities in organic materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6820, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-646-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 46 BP 273 EP 275 DI 10.1109/NLO.2000.883647 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR02P UT WOS:000165407100087 ER PT S AU Fitzgerald, J Hoppel, W Frick, G Caffrey, P Pasternack, L Hegg, D Gao, S Ambrusko, J Sullivan, W Leaitch, R Cantrell, C AF Fitzgerald, J Hoppel, W Frick, G Caffrey, P Pasternack, L Hegg, D Gao, S Ambrusko, J Sullivan, W Leaitch, R Cantrell, C BE Hale, BN Kulmala, M TI Particle formation from the oxidation of alpha-pinene by ozone SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY AUG 06-11, 2000 CL UNIV MISSOURI ROLLA, ROLLA, MO SP Int Assoc Metrol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, World Meteorol Org, Cloud & Aerosols Sci Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Missouri Rolla Phys Dept HO UNIV MISSOURI ROLLA AB Nucleation and growth of SOA were observed from the reaction products of alpha-pinene and ozone, utilizing relatively low concentrations of alpha-pinene (16 ppb) and ozone (95 ppb). Good agreement between observed and modeled results was obtained when the yield was about 5.2% and the SVP of the condensing species was about 0.008 ppb. Our results suggest that the nucleation rate in the alpha-pinene/ozone system may be limited by the initial nucleation steps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fitzgerald, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-958-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 534 BP 847 EP 850 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BQ78Z UT WOS:000089526000194 ER PT S AU Marsh, SP AF Marsh, SP BE Gonis, A Turchi, PEA Ardell, AJ TI Phase coarsening as a relaxation phenomenon SO NUCLEATION AND GROWTH PROCESSES IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nucleation and Growth Processes in Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID OSTWALD AB Phase coarsening, also known as Ostwald ripening, is generally treated as a growth phenomenon in which the average particle size increases during isothermal aging. However, coarsening is a relaxation process driven by a reduction in the excess interfacial energy of a two-phase structure. This viewpoint introduces a single temporal offset parameter that relates the experimental clock to the asymptotic time scale. Analysis of ripening as a relaxation phenomenon permits accurate determination of the kinetics that is less sensitive to particle morphology. Implications of this approach on measurement and interpretation of ripening kinetics will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marsh, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-488-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 580 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05A UT WOS:000165506200002 ER PT S AU Haftel, MI Einstein, TL AF Haftel, MI Einstein, TL BE Gonis, A Turchi, PEA Ardell, AJ TI Influence of the electrochemical environment on diffusion processes near step and island edges: Ag(111) and Ag(100) SO NUCLEATION AND GROWTH PROCESSES IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nucleation and Growth Processes in Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACES; RECONSTRUCTION; CLUSTERS; CHARGE; GROWTH; AG; DEPOSITION; AU(111); AU AB The electrochemical cell provides a potentially powerful means of altering morphology and islanding phenomena on metallic surfaces. Diffusion and attachment processes on terraces and near step and island edges are known to profoundly affect island sizes, shapes and coarsening kinetics. Using the surface-embedded-atom-model (SEAM) for describing metallic surfaces in the electrolytic environment, we calculate the dependence of the activation energies for the aforementioned diffusion processes on the deposited surface charge for the Ag(lll)and Ag(100) surfaces in an electrolytic environment. While all these processes show some degree of dependence on the potential, the step-edge barrier and the edge diffusion processes are the most sensitive. Step-edge barriers increase (to over I eV) with large positive potential (0.85 V), while edge diffusion barriers monotonically decrease with positive surface charge on Ag(100) and Ag(lll). We assess the effect these diffusion barriers have on island size/shapes and coarsening dynamics and discuss the implications on electrochemical tuning of islanding phenomena. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6331, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Einstein, Theodore L./0000-0001-6031-4923 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-488-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 580 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05A UT WOS:000165506200031 ER PT S AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA BE Gonis, A Turchi, PEA Ardell, AJ TI Stochastic modeling of grain growth and coarsening SO NUCLEATION AND GROWTH PROCESSES IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nucleation and Growth Processes in Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Recent developments in the modeling of grain growth and coarsening are briefly considered. Common characteristics of both these phenomena are briefly pointed out. A formulation based on stochastic consideration is proposed. This formulation assumes that the rate of growth of an individual grain or a precipitate is not entirely determined by its size but has a random component to it. This leads to a Fokker-Planck Equation for the size distribution. It can then be shown that there is indeed a unique state (the self-similar state) which is in general reached from an arbitrary initial state. The case of two dimensional grain growth is treated in detail as an example. Grain size distribution is obtained from these considerations, which is in good agreement with experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-488-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 580 BP 401 EP 409 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05A UT WOS:000165506200061 ER PT J AU Gherman, RB Tramont, J Muffley, P Goodwin, TM AF Gherman, RB Tramont, J Muffley, P Goodwin, TM TI Analysis of McRoberts' maneuver by x-ray pelvimetry SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOULDER DYSTOCIA AB Objective: To document radiographically the changes in pelvic dimensions created by McRoberts' maneuver. Methods: Women at least 37 weeks' pregnant who presented to labor and delivery were eligible for study entry. Anterior-posterior and lateral x-rays were taken with women in the dorsal lithotomy position and after application of McRoberts' maneuver, in which the maternal legs were hyperflexed 45 degrees onto the maternal abdomen. A two-tailed paired t test was used to assess the changes in the pelvic diameters, with P <.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-six subjects were enrolled in the study and 34 x-rays were suitable for analysis. McRoberts' maneuver was associated with an increase in the mean angle of inclination between the symphysis pubis and the sacral promontory (51.53 +/- 2.03 versus 38.07 +/- 1.96 degrees, P <.001). There was a 24% decrease in the angle created by drawing a line bisecting the symphysis pubis relative to the horizontal (P <.001). With McRoberts' maneuver the angle created by a line bisecting the longitudinal axis of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the longitudinal axis of the upper sacrum also increased (133.75 +/- 2.25 to 140.14 +/- 2.12 degrees, P=.04). Conclusion: Ours are the first systematic observations of pelvic changes associated with McRoberts' maneuver, confirming the traditional thinking that the maneuver causes a significant cephalad rotation of the symphysis pubis and subsequent flattening of the sacrum. (Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95:43-7. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 95 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00445-7 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 272EU UT WOS:000084638200009 PM 10636500 ER PT B AU Sullivan, EJ AF Sullivan, EJ GP IEEE IEEE TI On the role of modeling in passive synthetic aperture processing SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB There is a conventional wisdom regarding passive synthetic aperture processing which states that it is not a tenable method of array processing. The reasons given are: (1) There is not enough temporal coherence in the signal to allow the full spatial aperture to be realized. (2) It is simply a scheme to convert temporal gain to spatial gain, so there is no new gain achieved. (3) The source frequency must be known a priori to compute the phase correction factor, otherwise the unknown Doppler will introduce an unacceptable bias in any bearing estimation problem. This paper shows that all of these objections assume signal models that do not faithfully embody the physics of the situation, and thereby basically doom the processor to failure. It is shown here that by using more than one hydrophone the source frequency can be estimated simultaneously with the bearing, that by including the forward motion of the array in the signal model the bearing information intrinsic to the Doppler can be utilized, and that by applying a recursive (Kalman based) algorithm the errors due to changes in temporal coherence can be eliminated. Results using real data are presented that demonstrate the improvement over the conventional beamformer. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sullivan, EJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400002 ER PT B AU Fell, P Maul, GA AF Fell, P Maul, GA GP IEEE IEEE TI Marine positioning: State of technology SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper is a state of technology report on Marine Positioning. Three technical advances having significant impacts on marine positioning and its applications are highlighted in this report. They are (1) the seafloor positioning experiments organized by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that have demonstrated high accuracy seafloor positioning and its potential contribution to seafloor geophysics; (2) the development of EGM 96 that provided a global geopotential model and geoid capable of supporting an initial implementation of a global vertical datum; and (3) high accuracy kinematic positioning of platforms at sea over long baselines (5-10 cm to 2000 km), accuracy that can support numerous oceanographic applications. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Surface Warfare Ctr Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Fell, P (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Surface Warfare Ctr Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. OI Maul, George/0000-0001-8413-7853 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 89 EP 91 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400013 ER PT B AU Ruffa, A Bard, J Sundvik, M AF Ruffa, A Bard, J Sundvik, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Demonstration test of LBVDS Instrumented Tow Cable in waters south of New England - Initial results SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Lightweight Broadband Variable Depth Sonar (LBVDS) Instrumented Tow Cable is capable of measuring the temperature vs, depth profile on a near-continuous basis with virtually no impact to the mechanical properties of the steel-armored tow cable. The design is a modification of a conventional steel-armored tow cable involving the replacement of several of the outer steel armor wires with stainless steel tubes containing optical fibers. The stainless steel tubes maintain the same diameter as the original armor wires, so the overall cable diameter is unchanged. The resulting measurement capability will have significant implications for environmental adaptation of U.S. Navy sonar systems. Temperature is obtained through the use of the Raman scattering effect in the optical fibers. The approach supports temperature measurement with a depth resolution of 1/2 meter. In performance tests under controlled conditions at Seneca Lake, the standard deviation against XBT's was found to be approximately 0.3 degrees C for repeated runs. Runs were performed with both powered (up to 1.5 W/ft dissipation) and unpowered electromechanical tow cables. Further improvements in temporal and spatial averaging have been realized in the next generation system, which was used to sample the dynamics of the shelf-slope front south of New England. Instrumented Tow Cable technology has virtually no impact on the cable mechanical properties. It is easily adaptable to any steel-armored tow cable for any applications requiring frequent environmental temperature measurements, and its capabilities to measure ocean temperature dynamics were demonstrated in these initial results. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Ruffa, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400014 ER PT B AU Fernandez, JE Christoff, JT AF Fernandez, JE Christoff, JT GP IEEE IEEE TI Multi-aspect synthetic aperture sonar SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Multi-aspect or multi-look processing is known to improve the image quality and target detection capability of high resolution synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imaging systems. We present in this paper a brief description on the topic and typical results obtained from sea data collected while fielding the High Frequency/Low Frequency Synthetic Aperture Sonar (HF/LFSAS). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Fernandez, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400029 ER PT B AU Carpenter, RN Harris, JD Foreman, CR AF Carpenter, RN Harris, JD Foreman, CR GP IEEE IEEE TI Bathymetric survey using a SeaBat 8101 multibeam echo sounder mounted in the forward looking direction SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB As part of an effort to evaluate the use of a forward looking sonar in autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for navigation purposes, a study was performed using a commercially available off the shelf(COTS) multibeam echo sounder (MBES) operating in a forward looking mode to survey several sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. The forward looking bathymetric information acquired will aid in the improvement of navigation technologies for AUVs. This paper describes the results of a survey performed using a MBES mounted at two negative elevation angles in the forward looking direction. The results from the bathymetric data acquired from these angles was found to be directly be correlated to the ground truth data. The sonar configuration, data collection, and data analysis schemes are discussed. Results from several survey sites are presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Carpenter, RN (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400035 ER PT B AU Shaw, PT Pettus, W AF Shaw, PT Pettus, W GP IEEE IEEE TI An integrated approach to electronic navigation SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In today's Global Positioning System (GPS) dependent world, some have the notion that navigation is simply and almost solely accomplished through the use of GPS. While GPS is and will continue to be an excellent navigation system, it is neither flawless nor is it the only system employed in the navigation of today's sea going war fighters. The modern war fighter must operate with dominant maneuverability, precision engagement capability, full dimensional protection and focused logistics. In order to meet these requirements an integration of independent, self-contained, self-initiated and externally referenced systems must be realized. The Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) AN/SSN-6 (V) is a system that provides this capability through the real time collection, processing and distribution of accurate and reliable Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) data from varied shipboard sensors and systems. NAVSSI adds to this an electronic navigation capability that provides the ship navigation team with route planning, route monitoring and safety of navigation capabilities. The NAVSSI system is actually an integration of subsystems. The Realtime Subsystem (RTS) which collects, processes and distributes the PNT data uses a set of navigation source integration algorithms to blend input data from sensors such as GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) to produce a highly accurate and robust navigation solution. When required, this solution is referenced to the Own Ship's Reference Point (OSRP). The Display Control Subsystem (DCS) provides the operator interface to the RTS. It also contains the electronic charting and navigation capabilities as well as a radar interface and chart product distribution capability. The charting software used is the United States Coast Guard developed Command Display and Control Integrated Navigation System (COMDAC INS). The DCS and COMDAC INS software packages are built on the Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment (DII COE) and together will enable NAVSSI to lead the way to Electronic Chart Display Information System-Navy (ECDIS-N) compliance. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Navigat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shaw, PT (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Marine Navigat Div, D32, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400048 ER PT B AU Warrenfeltz, L McLachlan, J Meffert, D Rey, RG AF Warrenfeltz, L McLachlan, J Meffert, D Rey, RG GP IEEE IEEE TI A LEAG of their own - A partnership for the Mississippi River-Gulf of Mexico system SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Long-term Estuary Assessment Group (LEAG) is a government-academia-industry partnership focused on the lower Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. Under the leadership of the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO); the Center for Bioenvironmental Research (CBR) at Tulane and Xavier Universities; and COTS Technology, LLC., LEAG brings together a diverse team of experts to address a broad scope of river-estuary-gulf issues. Created in 1999, LEAG leverages the collective strengths of its members to address significant regional issues having national importance. This collective effort will develop observational and predictive tools to provide local, regional, and national policy and decisionmakers with decisive information that can be applied to remedial efforts benefiting the Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico estuary system. By using this natural laboratory, the LEAG will improve the capability of the United States to monitor the risk of exposure to toxicants in systems throughout the world. C1 USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Warrenfeltz, L (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400074 ER PT B AU Paquette, DL Gouveia, LM AF Paquette, DL Gouveia, LM GP IEEE IEEE TI Virtual training for live fire naval gunfire support SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The large-caliber gun has long been a mainstay of naval warfare. Although high-tech weapon systems such as advanced antisubmarine torpedoes, "smart" missiles, and sophisticated electronics grab all the headlines, the gun remains a potent means of influencing events both at sea and ashore. One of the most important functions of the large caliber gun is in support of Naval Surface Fire Support - those strike operations that enable amphibious assaults. Typical missions include shore-based spotter calls for fire against enemy soldiers, mechanized convoys, and threat weapon bunkers during the critical initial period when the Marines are first ashore. Termed Naval Gunfire Support (NGFS), training for such missions has traditionally been conducted on a limited number of land-based gunnery ranges in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Recently, however, this situation has changed and become a critical training deficiency: the range at Kahoolawe, HI was closed in 1993 for Hawaiian religious and environmental reasons, the range on San Clemente Island, CA, is being reexamined from an environmental perspective, and the range on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, has been severely restricted because of an unfortunate accident. To meet this need, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport has developed a virtual training capability for live fire Naval Gunfire Support that is in place in Hawaii and being considered for the Middle Atlantic Region. It is based on firing at a virtual target located on the surface of the sea and detecting hit points acoustically. Above-surface and illumination rounds are scored optically. This paper examines the system performance requirements, technical approach, and operational considerations involved with the proposed Middle Atlantic Region virtual gunnery range. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Paquette, DL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 733 EP 737 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400110 ER PT B AU Shoemaker, GT AF Shoemaker, GT GP IEEE IEEE TI Challenges facing developers of systems for water impact scoring of advanced weapons SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Testing of advanced "smart" weapons being developed by the Army, Navy, and Air Force are presenting an interesting challenge to test designers. Many of these weapons have ranges in excess of the maximum range of existing test ranges. Several examples exist of gun fired weapons currently under development for the Army and Navy with maximum ranges greater than 75 miles. Additionally, unlike existing artillery and naval guns, these weapons include on board guidance packages. These must be evaluated as a part of their testing. This represents a significant departure from traditional gun fired weapons which contain no guidance in the weapon itself. The accuracy of a traditional weapon is determined entirely by the accuracy with which the gun is aimed and the inherent variables in the fall of shot. Additionally these new weapons will be significantly more costly than traditional gun fired weapons. The Air Force is also developing many extended range weapons that exceed the range of existing test ranges. The above factors have led to the need to test these weapons to full range and provide for a "soft impact" such that the test article can be recovered for posttest analysis. NUWC Division, Newport has recognized this need. NUWC has performed preliminary investigations into the feasibility of testing these weapons by firing them into relatively shallow water. Advanced signal processing and localization algorithms could determine the point of impact. These algorithms must detect and process the acoustic signature generated by the impact. These studies have demonstrated that the intact recovery by divers of gun fired weapons from water depths less than 100 feet is feasible. Over the last 25 years NUWC Ras demonstrated the feasibility of accurately determining the point of impact acoustically for a wide variety of weapons including both missiles and guns. All of these previous projects however have focussed on impacts occurring in deep water. Typical water depths have been in excess of 1000 feet. A preliminary test conducted several years ago off of Wallops Island Maryland in shallow water demonstrated that the deep water algorithms previously developed are not directly applicable to impact scoring in shallow water. As a result of these tests NUWC has initiated the Soft Impact Location Capability (SILC) project to develop suitable algorithms for acoustically scoring impacts in shallow water. This paper presents an overview of past impact scoring efforts and discusses the objectives, plans, and status of the SILC project. Concepts for applying this technology to future T&E and Training requirements are also discussed. C1 USN, UWC Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Shoemaker, GT (reprint author), USN, UWC Div, Code 71,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400111 ER PT B AU Yang, TC Al-Kurd, A AF Yang, TC Al-Kurd, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance limitations of joint adaptive channel equalizer and phase locking loop in random oceans: Initial test with data SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Performance of phase coherent communications depends on the temporal and spatial variability of the underwater acoustic channel as well as the noise environment. Temporal fluctuations of broadband signals need to be characterized from ocean data and appropriate measures of the fluctuation statistics need to be identified. Lacking such measurements, a simulation model was developed previously to evaluate the performance of a joint adaptive channel equalizer and the phase locking loop algorithm in a realistic model that includes the effects of surface waves, bottom roughness, internal waves and some form of turbulence on acoustic communications in littoral environments. Quantitative limits were established for the signal coherence and phase fluctuation spectral density for a typical shallow water environment, beyond which the algorithm is expected to fail to adequately remove the symbol interference resulting in a large bit error rate. This paper reports initial analysis results of at-sea data that lend support to the performance predictions. It is shown that a significant reduction in bit error rate can be achieved by removing the phase fluctuation due to the source Doppler in a pre-processor prior to the equalizer. Without the pre-processor, multiple (2-4) channels are required to equalize the data; even then the equalizer fails after 5 sec. With the pre-processor, a single channel equalizer recovers the original message for the entire 10 seconds of data transmitted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 803 EP 808 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400123 ER PT B AU Blackmon, FA Canto, W AF Blackmon, FA Canto, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance comparison of several contemporary equalizer structures applied to selected field test data SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The application of adaptive equalization techniques for the purpose of receiving underwater acoustic digital data has been well established by many researchers in the open literature[1]. However, the choice and exact implementation of the adaptive equalizer has been debated and still remains an open research area. Typically, the adaptive equalization algorithm is fed by a feedforward and feedback tap placement algorithm. The purpose of the tap placement algorithm is to determine the placement and support for the feed forward filter section and each of the feedback filter sections. The adaptive equalizer usually employs a decision feedback equalizer with a second order digital phase-locked loop that is structured around a filter coefficient update algorithm. Some examples of currently used equalizer update algorithms are the Adaptive step size Least Mean Squares (A-LMS) [2,3] and Modular Stabilized Fast Transversal Filters (MOD-SFTF) [4]algorithms. The MOD-SFTF algorithm is faster implementation of the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm. The MOD-SFTF algorithm makes use of linear prediction theory, i.e. time and order updating coupled with transversal filter techniques to achieve the speed increase. Both the A-LMS and the MOD-SFTF algorithms can be modified to allow for sparsing of feedback filter sections. The author of this paper has implemented an n-section sparse feedback version of the MOD-SFTF algorithm that has been shown to remove sparse intersymbol interference (ISI)from field test data. Both the A-LMS and the MOD-SFTF algorithms require roughly the same order of magnitude number of complex operations for N filter taps. A more recent channel estimation based equalizer algorithm has been presented by Stojanovic et al [5]. This algorithm may use the A-LMS, normal RLS, or other similar format update equations. However, in its current form, the channel estimation based equalizer cannot be used with the MOD-SFTF algorithm. A benefit that the channel estimation based equalizer has is that it finds and places the appropriate sparse filter taps at multipath locations that have a magnitude above a given truncation threshold through the use of the training sequence. The A-LMS, MOD-SFTF, and the channel estimate based equalization algorithms are applied to a selection of QPSK modulated data received during past field tests. The data are processed with a number of parameter choices for each algorithm. The equalizer algorithm results are then compared on the basis of number of algorithm/filter parameters, mean square error (MSE) convergence, and bit error rate. The results are then discussed to determine which algorithm works best for these particular test conditions and equalizer parameter selections. The comparison of single channel performance with both time and/or spatial diversity performance is made for selected field test data using each of the three algorithms. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, FA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 809 EP 816 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400124 ER PT B AU Leinhos, HA AF Leinhos, HA GP IEEE IEEE TI Block-adaptive decision feedback equalization with integral error correction for underwater acoustic communications SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper presents recent experimental results for an underwater acoustic communications receiver based on a block-adaptive implementation of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). Block-encoded QPSK acoustic data was transmitted from a moving UUV to a stationary platform. The receiver algorithm implemented soft decision decoding within the equalizer decision feedback loop in order to intercept decision errors and improve low SNR performance. Block adaptation of the the DFE was achieved with a Block Recursive Least Squares adaptive mechanism coupled with an integral phase tracking loop. A quaternary block code was used in this case to facilitate receiver implementation such that block decoding was done directly on the QPSK data symbols. Results from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island show approximately 3 dB performance improvement over a non-coded system. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Leinhos, HA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 817 EP 822 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400125 ER PT B AU Incze, ML AF Incze, ML GP IEEE IEEE TI Characterization of coastal environments for acoustic models SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Incze, ML (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 887 EP 904 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400136 ER PT B AU Gent, AE AF Gent, AE GP IEEE IEEE TI What does the "multi" in multi-mission mean? Evolution of the T-AGS 60 class oceanographic survey ships SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In 1989 the Oceanographer of the Navy approved the Top Level Requirements for a new class of multimission oceanographic survey ships (T-AGS (O)). T-AGS(O) ultimately became the T-AGS 60 Class Oceanographic Survey Ships. The first of six ships, USNS PATHFINDER (T-AGS 60) was delivered in 1994 and became operational in 1996. Three additional T-AGS 60 class ships USNS SUMNER (T-AGS 61), USNS BOWDITCH (T-AGS 62), and USNS HENSON (T-AGS 63) are currently in operation. USNS BRUCE C. HEEZEN (TAGS 64) was delivered in January 2000, and the USNS MARY SEARS (T-AGS 65) is under construction for delivery in December 2001. This paper discusses the Naval Oceanographic Office's efforts to incorporate new technology to maintain mission capability and to meet evolving mission requirements for the T-AGS 60 Class ships in operation, under test, and under construction. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gent, AE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 949 EP 955 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400144 ER PT B AU Antonelli, LT Kirsteins, IP AF Antonelli, LT Kirsteins, IP GP IEEE IEEE TI Bearing estimation error analysis using laser acoustic sensor measurements on a hydrodynamic surface SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID BAND-LIMITED SIGNALS; RECOVERY; SAMPLES; SOUND; PRESSURE AB The basic operation of a novel laser-based sensor is investigated. A low power laser beam emanating from a laser Doppler velocimeter is used to interrogate an air-water interface for underwater sound detection. The sensor measures the normal velocity of the vibrations of the pressure release air-water interface. The objective of this paper is to discuss the feasibility and fundamental limitations on using the laser-based acoustic field velocity measurements of a hydrodynamic air-water interface to determine acoustic field direction of arrival. This paper identifies the various contributions to bearing uncertainty using the Cramer-Rao lower bounds to establish the limitations of determining the bearing of the in-water sound. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Antonelli, LT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8211, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 999 EP 1004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400152 ER PT B AU Yang, TC Siderius, M AF Yang, TC Siderius, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Low frequency phase coherent communications in the Sicily Strait SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Low frequency (950-1450 Hz) quadrature phase shifted keying signals were transmitted between a bottom mounted source and vertical array during the 1999 Adventure Bank experiment in the Sicily Strait at a distance of 10 km. The purpose of this experiment was to minimize the effect of Doppler shift/spread due to source motion so that the effect of the environment can be better diagnosed. Temporal and spatial coherence of the signal are measured to analyze the performance of beamforming and spatial diversity versus the number of phones using a sparse equalizer. It is shown that by choosing phones according to spatial coherence and combining beamforming with diversity, bit error rates of the order of 10(-3) were achieved consistently over a period of similar to 9 hours with a signal-to-noise ratio as low as similar to 1 dB at the phone level. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6551-8; 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1005 EP 1009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400153 ER PT B AU Marco, DB Healey, AJ AF Marco, DB Healey, AJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Current developments in underwater vehicle control and navigation: The NPS ARIES AUV SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper provides an overview of the Naval Postgraduate School ARIES autonomous underwater vehicle. An attempt is made to highlight its' current operational capabilities and provide a description of future enhancements for greater mission utility and flexibility. An overview of the vehicle design along with descriptions of all major hardware components and sensors is given. A major discussion of the implementation of a modular, multi-rate, multi-process software architecture for the ARIES is provided. The architecture is designed to operate using a single computer processor or two independent, cooperating processors linked through a network interface for improved load balancing. A dual computer implementation is presented here since each processor assumes different tasks for mission operation. Also included is a section on the underwater navigation method used, It involves the use of a real-time extended Kalman filter that fuses all sensor data and computes the real time position, orientation, velocity, etc., of the vehicle. Issues of navigational accuracy of the filter are also discussed. The work concludes with a discussion of using the ARIES as a communications server in a multi-vehicle environment. It is proposed to use the ARIES as a mobile communications relay between a command and control station on the surface and multiple vehicles operating below. The advantages of using a mobile relay over fixed buoys are discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marco, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1011 EP 1016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400154 ER PT B AU Riedel, JS AF Riedel, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Shallow water stationkeeping of an autonomous underwater vehicle: The experimental results of a disturbance compensation controller SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID OBSERVERS AB The continual development of computer technology has enabled the expansion of intelligent control into the field of underwater robots, where potential uses include oceanographic research, environmental monitoring and military mine countermeasures. With the naval focus shifting to operations in the littorals, and the need to lower cost of operations, tetherless autonomous vehicles are now being proposed for use in very shallow water minefield reconnaissance. These areas are dominated by a highly energetic environment arising from waves and currents. Motion control in such an environment becomes a difficult task and is the subject of this work. The main objective of this paper is to show that intervention tasks performed by intelligent underwater robots are improved by their ability to gather, learn and use information about their working environment. Using a new generalized approach to the modeling of underwater vehicles, which directly includes disturbance effects, a new Disturbance Compensation Controller (DCC) is proposed. The DCC, employing onboard vehicle sensors, allows the robot to learn and estimate the seaway dynamics. This self-derived knowledge is embedded in a non-linear sliding mode control law which allows significantly improved motion stabilization. The performance of the DCC has been experimentally verified in Monterey Harbor using the NPS Phoenix AUV. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Riedel, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1017 EP 1024 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400155 ER PT B AU Lever, JA Bernard, LJ Moore, I Moseley, WJ Starek, RJ AF Lever, JA Bernard, LJ Moore, I Moseley, WJ Starek, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI An evolution of an information technology architecture for oceanography SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Historically, the Naval Oceanographic Office has employed numerous generations of Information Technology (IT) to satisfy its missions and has a history of application of IT from legacy mainframes to deployed mini-computers, networked enterprises, and clusters of super-computers. This paper traces the historical development of the Information Technology enterprise and architecture. Emphasis will be placed on the current application of standards-based architectures, including the Department of Defense (DoD) Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Architecture Framework. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Lever, JA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1085 EP 1090 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400167 ER PT B AU Moseley, WJ AF Moseley, WJ GP IEEE IEEE TI A case for enhancing survey data collection at the naval oceanographic office through expert system technology SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB For marine survey data collection at the Naval Oceanographic Office, expert systems can help minimize data loss, reduce processing time, and eliminate re-survey time. This paper gives several examples of how expert systems could help alleviate data quality problems in marine multibeam surveys. The components of an expert system are detailed along with several applications related to the technology. An implementation strategy and measures of potential improvements are presented. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Moseley, WJ (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1205 EP 1209 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400185 ER PT B AU Benson, A Proakis, J Stojanovic, M AF Benson, A Proakis, J Stojanovic, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Towards robust adaptive acoustic communications SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Modulation and detection techniques used for underwater acoustic communications include phase coherent (PSK and QAM) and noncoherent (FSK) techniques. The objective of this work is the development of algorithms that can select the best technique for a given channel. The system of interest operates in shallow water over several kilometers in the 10-15 kHz band. A wideband probe is used at the beginning of each data packet to measure the multipath and the Doppler spread, as well as the SNR. The choice of modulation is based on these measurements. The spread factor of the channel determines whether phase coherent communications are possible. If so, an equalizer is employed to combat any intersymbol interference. If the channel varies too rapidly, noncoherent signaling is chosen. Guard intervals are used to eliminate the effect of multipath. Computer simulations and theoretical analysis are presented to quantify the performance of candidate modulation methods for varying channel parameters. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Benson, A (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1243 EP 1248 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400191 ER PT B AU DeAngelis, CM Whitney, JE AF DeAngelis, CM Whitney, JE GP IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive calibration of an autonomous underwater vehicle navigation system SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB There continues to exist the problem of long-term accurate position estimation for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In current operations, the AUVs positional fix is initially obtained on the surface from a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The AUV then submerges to perform the desired mission. While submerged, location / navigation is performed using, at a minimum, an inertial navigation system (INS). Depending on the sophistication of the AUV, Doppler velocity sonar (DVS) might be combined with a multi-state Kalman filter (KF) to perform position estimation. The estimates from the INS and the DVS / Kalman filter estimator are combined to provide a robust estimate of location. Because the KF is model based, there is likelihood that over time the divergence of the KF may increase since the true motion of the AUV does not match the modeled motion. At that point the AUV must surface to obtain another set of absolute position coordinates from the GPS before being able to continue its mission. Depending on the duration of the mission, this process may need to be repeated several times, which unnecessarily uses battery / power resources. By combining a database which contains sonargrammetric, terrain matching, and image registration information, with the standard navigation instrument suite, the accuracy of positional estimates could be maintained over a longer duration. This would allow the AUV to remain submerged for longer periods of time, thus minimizing the drain on the limited power resources. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Combat Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP DeAngelis, CM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Combat Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1273 EP 1275 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400195 ER PT B AU Benjamin, KC Petrie, S AF Benjamin, KC Petrie, S GP IEEE IEEE TI A new navy calibration standard transducer using 1-3 piezocomposite SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The design, fabrication, and acoustic calibration of a new 1-3 piezocomposite based U.S. Navy standard {USRD-F82} is presented. The F82 dual array/parametric mode projector may be used as a reciprocal linear transducer, or may be used to exploit the non-linear properties of the water to produce highly directional acoustic beams (4 to 2 Deg.) at relatively low frequencies (5 to 60 kHz respectively). As a result of its wide bandwidth, a broad range of primary as well as secondary frequencies of operation are possible. In the linear mode of operation the transducer provides two separate arrays to be addressed topside for either transmit or receive applications. The two circular apertures are centered on the acoustic axis and have active diameters of 22.8 cm (9-inches) and 5.1 cm (2-inches). The smaller array aperture could be used to obtain less directional acoustic beams at relative high frequencies. Due to the absence of air filled pressure release components the transducer will operate over most ocean pressures and temperatures. A general description of the 1-3 piezocomposite based transducer configuration, and measured performance are presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Benjamin, KC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1299 EP 1304 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400201 ER PT B AU Kirsteins, IP Rangaswamy, M AF Kirsteins, IP Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Approximate CFAR signal detection in strong low rank non-Gaussian interference SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB We have devised a new generalized likelihood ratio test for detecting a signal in unknown, strong non-Gaussian low rank interference plus white Gaussian noise which needs no knowledge of the non-Gaussian distribution. From perturbation expansions of the test statistic, we establish the connection of the proposed GLRT detector to the UMPI test and show that it is approximately CFAR. Computer simulations indicate that the new detector significantly outperforms traditional adaptive methods in non-Gaussian interference. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1305 EP 1308 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400202 ER PT B AU Nuckols, ML VanZandt, K Finlayson, WS AF Nuckols, ML VanZandt, K Finlayson, WS GP IEEE IEEE TI Diver heating using hydrogen catalytic reactions SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A simple hydrogen catalytic combustion heater for divers is described consisting of a canister filled with a chemical catalyst including precious metals such as platinum or palladium deposited on a support matrix of porous carbon particles. A small percentage of hydrogen is injected into an oxygen-rich (nitrox or heliox) gas mixture prior to passing it through the catalyst bed. As the gas mixture flows through the canister the catalyst facilitates the reaction of hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen to produce water vapor and approximately 104,000 Btu's (110,000 kJ) of heat. This approach was recently tested to produce a closed, or semiclosed heating cycle to provide a hot water heating circuit to be used with thermal protection garments for divers. Preliminary analysis has shown that over 2 kilowatts of heat can be produced, sufficient heat to sustain up to 6 divers in 32 degreesF water, with only 25 standard cubic feet of hydrogen per hour. This paper describes the operation of this hydrogen catalytic water heater and these recent laboratory tests. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nuckols, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1371 EP 1374 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400212 ER PT B AU Janiesch, RE AF Janiesch, RE GP IEEE IEEE TI Ocean Laboratory at undersea ranges concept SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB There is much interest world wide in establishing fixed ocean data collection sites commonly referred to as "Ocean Observatories", "Ocean Laboratories", "Acoustic Observatories", etc. Typically these sites consist of instrumentation in the water that is cabled back to a shore-based facility where the data is collected, processed and further distributed to end users. This "infrastructure" is normally very expensive to procure and install, particularly if the chosen site is a high-risk environment from an in-water system perspective i.e. bottom fishing, storm surges, topographical discontinuities, etc, The US Navy has installed and operates a number of undersea ranges around the world. The primary function of the ranges is to provide Time Space Position Information (TSPI) on Undersea Warfare (USW) vehicles/systems for the purpose of Fleet Training and Test & Evaluation (T&E). The concept proposed is to leverage these existing undersea ranges' infrastructure, which includes sensors, cables, signal processors, computers, personnel and ships, with additional functions and capabilities to allow full spectrum (acoustic and non-acoustic) environmental measurements to be conducted. The advantage is two-fold: first, the concept allows the development of Ocean Laboratories at a lower cost due to the sharing of common infrastructure that already exists; and second, added capability/functionality at the ranges would enhance the training and T&E conducted there. This paper will discuss the basic infrastructure that is currently available at undersea range locations, enhancements that could be made to support the Ocean Laboratory concept, and potential uses/applications of the site. These uses include marine mammal detection and tracking, acoustic propagation studies, and seismic measurements. A novel concept that allows surface access for physical/electro-optical connectivity to the bottom mounted cable system will also be presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Janiesch, RE (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1429 EP 1432 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400222 ER PT B AU Butler, SC Tito, FA AF Butler, SC Tito, FA GP IEEE IEEE TI A broadband hybrid magnetostrictive/piezoelectric transducer array SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Most existing sonar transducer technologies that are capable of producing broadband, high power acoustic signals required for future Navy needs, are only conceptual in design, or very early into their development stage. A high power broadband 16 element array of Hybrid Magnetostrictive Piezoelectric Tonpilz Transducer (MPT) projectors is currently being developed at Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Newport, R. I. for these applications. The Hybrid Transducer combines the high strain magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D, with that of Lead Zirconate Titanate piezoelectric ceramic, to create a double resonant, high power broadband device. This design provides a 1 kHz increase in bandwidth below the low end of the frequency band of a conventional piezoelectric Tonpilz transducers of the same size and weight, The theory of operation, fabrication technique and test results will be discussed for a single element and then compared with a conventional Tonpilz sonar transducer of same size and weight. Modeling and measurement data for the 16-element array will also be discussed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Transducer Dev & Modeling Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Butler, SC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Transducer Dev & Modeling Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1469 EP 1475 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400229 ER PT B AU Howarth, TR Tressler, JF AF Howarth, TR Tressler, JF GP IEEE IEEE TI Recent advances in thin, low frequency acoustic projectors SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is currently developing low frequency acoustic projectors for use in shallow water environments. Its thin profile is intended for placement onto autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), The projectors are designed with a piston mode resonant frequency below 1 kHz. The transmitting output is then followed by a secondary resonance frequency in the 50 kHz range such that the overall output can be used for broadband operation from 1 kHz to 60 kHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howarth, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1477 EP 1480 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400230 ER PT B AU Deveau, DM AF Deveau, DM GP IEEE IEEE TI Fabrication, testing, and installation of fluid-filled target spheres for AUTEC's passive sonar calibration system SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The need for calibrated sonar targets is addressed in connection with the development and testing of a set of thin-walled spheres filled with a high-density fluid. Using historical research information as a guide, a set of thin-walled metal spheres was developed and filled with a high-density fluid. The combination of the spherical shape and the acoustic focusing effects of the fluid enhanced the acoustic target strength of the shape so that it was not only stable with temperature but also significantly greater in amplitude. The simple passive nature of the spheres makes them ideal acoustic targets for long-term, unattended deployments. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Engn Test & Evaluat Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Deveau, DM (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Engn Test & Evaluat Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1481 EP 1487 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400231 ER PT B AU Amin, A AF Amin, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Two dimensional thermal imaging arrays - A low visibility navigation aid SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Infrared Imaging in the medium wavelength range (10-14 mum), corresponding to the thermal black body maximum near room temperature and to the atmospheric window, is desirable for a wide range of applications. Night vision, target recognition, reconnaissance, driving aids, and navigation in fogy and poor visibility weather are among the applications of this technology. Recent advances in pyroelectric imaging have made it possible to produce compact, low-cost, uncooled infrared cameras that are capable of delivering television quality images. C1 USN, Seacommand, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Seacommand, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1549 EP 1553 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400241 ER PT B AU Ward, J Fitzpatrick, K DiMarzio, N Moretti, D Morrissey, R AF Ward, J Fitzpatrick, K DiMarzio, N Moretti, D Morrissey, R GP IEEE IEEE TI New algorithms for open ocean marine mammal monitoring SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Undersea Warfare Center has been funded by the Office of Naval Research Environmental Requirements Advanced Technology (ERAT) program to create a multi-disciplinary program to conduct Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Undersea Ranges((MR)-R-3). The objective is to supplement extensive undersea range and signal processing hardware with state of the art passive marine mammal detection, localization and tracking algorithms. This system will provide the opportunity to determine the number of acoustically active species within an instrumented, open ocean area and to evaluate baseline behavior. The initial system will be demonstrated at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), Andros Island, Bahamas. Many of the existing assets at AUTEC will be leveraged, including the data collected by the ongoing marine mammal monitoring program. Undersea range coverage at AUTEC includes a steep island slope feature that may serve as a feeding habitat for several cetaceans including the sperm whale (Physter macrocephalus), short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), and several species of dolphins. The development of a database of marine mammal recordings at AUTEC is currently underway using five-minute recordings taken once every half hour. The (MR)-R-3 program is increasing the rate of acoustic data collection at AUTEC and evaluating the ability to passively track the location of various species based on features of the transient acoustic marine mammal calls. Acoustic characteristics of species recorded at the AUTEC as well as developmental marine mammal monitoring algorithms will be presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport Engn, Test & Evaluat Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ward, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport Engn, Test & Evaluat Dept, Code 74,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1749 EP 1752 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400273 ER PT B AU Gaughen, CD Brandon, JH AF Gaughen, CD Brandon, JH GP IEEE IEEE TI Coatings for naval facilities SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB An overview of coating guidance used by the US Navy for Facilities is presented. Topics discussed include surface preparation, coating guidance (industrial/architectural specifications), maintenance painting, present coating work, and Navy coating needs. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Gaughen, CD (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1795 EP 1801 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400280 ER PT B AU Burke, DF AF Burke, DF GP IEEE IEEE TI Durable marine concrete for the US Navy SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID INCORPORATING HIGH VOLUMES; HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; FLY-ASH AB The median age of Navy piers is about 50 gears and corrosion of the steel reinforcement is the most common mechanism of deterioration. Concrete repairs to a single Navy pier mag range upwards to one million dollars and the cycle for major repairs varies from 7 to 10 years. The goal for constructing new Navy piers is to employ methods and materials that will provide for a longer design life with fewer repairs. Strategies to improve reinforced concrete durability have been investigated and demonstrated by the U.S. Navy during the 1990's, including the use of fusion-bonded epoxy-coated reinforcing, stainless steel reinforcing, calcium nitrite admixture, silica fume, and high-range water-reducing admixtures. This paper presents an overview of design and material considerations for new waterfront construction. These considerations are applicable to new reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment and two specific Navy projects: the Mobile Offshore Base and a new class of Navy pier called the Modular Hybrid Pier. Laboratory test results are presented for a concrete mixture containing 30% class F fly ash and lightweight coarse aggregates. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Burke, DF (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1803 EP 1814 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400281 ER PT B AU Duarte, CN Werger, BB AF Duarte, CN Werger, BB GP IEEE IEEE TI Defining a common control language for multiple autonomous vehicle operation SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID NONSTATIONARY CONDITIONS; MOBILE ROBOTS; BEHAVIOR; HISTORY AB Multiple vehicles and man-out-of-the-loop operations (i.e., autonomous) have the potential for addressing challenges in hazardous areas such as: reducing high risk to personnel and assets, coverage of high clutter search area, and adverse conditions in littoral waters. This paper will present communication and coordination approach associated with multiple autonomous systems operations. Recently, concepts for autonomous operations are gearing towards the use of differently configured (heterogeneous) platforms in group operations (sometimes referred to as "System of Systems") in order to address various operating regimes and specialized tasks thus introducing unique issues for coordination of heterogeneous operations. With the extension of autonomous operations to a heterogeneous group of vehicles and with the request from human operators to have "override" control during an autonomous group task, the need for a common control language (CCL) to facilitate in real-time control of group activities becomes critical. The primary goal of this common language is to establish a standard interface from one agent to another for exchange of information and task delegation. Agents can be varied in configuration and capabilities (e.g., a bottom crawler, a swimming vehicle, a moored communication system or a human operator). The potential for a heterogeneous group presents unique issues for the CCL design: to provide a "low overhead" for participation of new types of agents to join operationally and "talk" using this language, to define a language that allows clear expression of intent from one agent to another, to extend the CCL to capture new capabilities, and to present a human operator any "easy" interaction through this language. An ideal framework for the CCL is one that is data-driven supporting both networking strategies for the coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles and asynchronous inter-agent communication. Such a framework may be obtained through an extension of behavior-based control design. Basic behaviors can be "strung" together to perform high-end mission goals and these same behavior definitions can become the kernels for the CCL. Initially operator interaction may be high but the far-reaching goal is to "deploy and observe" Some control strategies require "reporting back" to the human operator and information broadcast to other autonomous group members. The operator while maintaining a safe distance can be better equipped to "see" what is out there and re-direct a swarm of autonomous vehicles through a CCL interface. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Duarte, CN (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1861 EP 1867 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400288 ER PT B AU Blottman, JB Kalinowski, AJ AF Blottman, JB Kalinowski, AJ GP IEEE IEEE TI A combined finite element, boundary integral and spherical harmonic method for close-packed sonar arrays SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Acoustic interactions within a sonar array are known to affect the array performance as well as the life expectancy of the transducers themselves. The ability to predict array performance is required for large close-packed arrays of acoustic transducers. In these cases, traditional full finite element or coupled finite element-boundary element methods prove costly. The general approach is to combine a single transducer finite element model with an analytic description of the surrounding fluid and neighboring transducers in the array. The finite element model produces the dynamic system matrix. The boundary integral equation relates surface pressure and velocity. Boundary elements are partitioned for the case of the surface of an arbitrary body circumscribed by a spherical surface to provide an implicit transfer of surface pressures to spherical fluid pressures and particle velocities. These quantities are then transformed in terms of spherical harmonics. The resulting series is combined with a spherical harmonic representation of the fluid using the addition theorem for multiple scatterers. This technique has been exercised to evaluate an array of electrically driven piezoelectric shell transducers. Results are compared to a coupled finite element-boundary element method. [Work sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blottman, JB (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1887 EP 1894 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400293 ER PT B AU Peterson, CA Ingram, C Head, MEM AF Peterson, CA Ingram, C Head, MEM GP IEEE IEEE TI Instrumentation to support modeling and simulation for coastal management SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), located in southern Mississippi, has a strong interest in establishing underwater test areas in the northern Gulf of Mexico to support engineering performance evaluation of its emerging Autonomous Undersea Vehicle (AUV) Program and long-term, in-situ instrumentation for real-time and near-realtime monitoring of the littoral marine environment. To this end, NAVOCEANO has partnered with local academic and commercial organizations with interest in developing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico to form the Long-Term Estuary Assessment Group (LEAG). Partners in LEAG include the Center for Bioenrironmental Research of Tulane and Xavier Universities, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Minerals Management Service at the University of Mississippi. LEAG is additionally in liaison with other established groups which share an interest in the Gulf, including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg, Mississippi, the Louisiana University Marine Consortium, and the Northern Gulf of Mexico Littoral Initiative. LEAG proposes to establish the following assets that would be made available to all parties with interest in better understanding, thus better managing, the resources and environmental health of the Gulf of Mexico: (1) a digital data base that reflects historical Gulf of Mexico environmental data, with provision for efficient and economical updating with newly acquired observations, (2) an Environmental Data Fusion and Visualization Center, and (3) a Survey Mission Planning and Simulation Center. Recording instruments would be installed in the lower Mississippi River and in the Gulf of Mexico on fixed platforms such as piers, channel marker buoys, weather buoys maintained jointly by the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Data Buoy Center, and cooperating oil production platforms. The Navy would also contribute, for example, data collected during field tests and pre-mission deployments of its autonomous vehicles, which would provide near-synoptic coverage of larger areas and permit the collection of ground-truth data that would otherwise be limited by the need to interpret between fixed recording sensors. Through communication, cooperation, and sharing of available assets, LEAG and associated Federal, State, academic, and commercial organizations with concerns in the Gulf of Mexico can do a better job at far less cost on this important endeavor that impacts the national, regional, state, and local welfare. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Peterson, CA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1923 EP 1924 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400298 ER PT B AU McCarthy, EM Sabol, B AF McCarthy, EM Sabol, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Acoustic characterization of submerged aquatic vegetation: Military and environmental monitoring applications SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The acoustic characteristics of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) were investigated in order to enhance the performance of mine-hunting sonars in littoral regions. The species of SAV investigated was Zostera marina, commonly known as eelgrass, In situ measurements were carried out in the shallow water eelgrass beds of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Side-scan and single beam sonars were used with a Manta mine training shape as a target, The experiments clearly illustrate the backscatter and masking effects of SAV in the 100-500 kHz frequency range. These experiments also aided in determination of distribution and density of seagrass, Remote sensing of seagrass beds is important for a variety of environmental applications, Physical techniques for detection and characterization are labor and cost intensive and provide little insight into spatial distribution, Optical-based techniques are limited by water clarity and frequently result in systematic underestimation of the extent of seagrasses, Active hydroacoustic techniques have shown the ability to detect seagrasses, but the phenomenology behind detection is poorly understood. Based on the data from laboratory acoustic measurements, hydroacoustic approaches for wide area detection and mapping are discussed and several are demonstrated within areas of established eelgrass beds in Narragansett Bay. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP McCarthy, EM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1957 EP 1961 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400305 ER PT B AU Beckman, R Martinez, A Bourgeois, B AF Beckman, R Martinez, A Bourgeois, B GP IEEE IEEE TI AUV positioning using bathymetry matching SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A current research concern in AUV positioning is the constraint of INS error growth; approaches to this include surfacing for GPS fixes, terrain matching methods and acoustic transponder systems, This paper presents a positioning technique for AUV's that exploits existing bathymetric data in an operation area, Unlike many terrain matching approaches, which do positioning using distinct ocean bottom features, this method generates a position estimate by comparing the in-situ measured depth at the position of the AUV with available bathymetry data in the immediate area, This builds on contemporary AUV INS/VL navigation systems by incorporating a maximum likelihood estimate of position. Particular emphasis is placed on the design of the maximum likelihood estimator module which produces point-wise position estimates and typically contains a large error component with many outliers, This estimate is merged with the output of the AUV's INS/VL system which constrains the INS drift. Further position accuracy and faster convergence to the correct position can be achieved by incorporating a single slant range measurement from the AUV to a fixed location, The slant range is used as external constraint on both the INS and the MLE. This paper describes the implementation of this approach and the results of simulation studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beckman, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 2123 EP 2127 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400327 ER PT J AU McClatchey, SK Dahan, E Maselli, E Gimbel, HV Wilson, ME Lambert, SR Buckley, EG Freedman, SF Plager, DA Parks, MM AF McClatchey, SK Dahan, E Maselli, E Gimbel, HV Wilson, ME Lambert, SR Buckley, EG Freedman, SF Plager, DA Parks, MM TI A comparison of the rate of refractive growth in pediatric aphakic and pseudophakic eyes SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAOCULAR-LENS IMPLANTATION; AXIAL ELONGATION; CHILDREN; CATARACT; MANAGEMENT; CHILDHOOD; POWER AB Objective: To compare the rate of refractive growth in pseudophakic children's eyes to that of aphakic eyes. Design: Multicenter, retrospective observational case series. Participants: 83 patients with pseudophakic eyes (100 eyes) and 74 patients with aphakic eyes (106 eyes), with an age of surgery between 3 months and 10 years and a minimum follow-up time of 3 years or more, depending on the age at surgery. Methods: A logarithmic model was used to analyze the rate of refractive growth for each eye. Main Outcome Measures: Age at surgery, intraocular lens power, intraocular lens A-constant, initial postoperative refraction, final refraction, and final age. Results: Overall, pseudophakic eyes showed a lesser rate of refractive growth than aphakic eyes (-4.6 diopter vs. -5.7 diopter, P = 0.03). This trend was also present but less significant when the eyes were grouped into those less than 6 months of age at surgery (-3.3 diopter vs. -4.6 diopter, P = 0.09) and older patients (-5.0 diopter vs. -6.1 diopter, P = 0.07). However, the mean quantity of myopic shift was greater in pseudophakic eyes than in aphakic eyes (-5.26 diopter vs. -4.54 diopter), despite shorter follow-up times in the pseudophakic eyes. This is due to the optical effects of a constant intraocular lens power in a growing eye. Conclusions: Pediatric pseudophakic eyes have a slightly lesser rate of refractive growth than aphakic eyes. The new rate values should be used for predicting future refractions in these eyes. Ophthalmology 2000;107.. 118-122 (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Wits Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa. Civic Hosp Sondrio, Dept Ophthalmol, Sondrio, Italy. Gimbel Eye Ctr, Calgary, AB, Canada. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Emery Univ, Emery Eye Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP McClatchey, SK (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Clin Res, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Freedman, Sharon/0000-0003-3615-3511 NR 19 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JAN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00033-0 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 273UA UT WOS:000084724900038 PM 10647729 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, VL BE Shirley, EL Chelikowsky, JR Louie, SG Martinez, G TI Computation of optical properties for quantized electronic systems SO OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Optical Properties of Materials at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; PLASMAS; TRANSITIONS; RADIATION AB A density-matrix description has been developed to treat relaxation (decoherence) phenomena during resonant and non-resonant radiative transitions of quantized electronic systems, including many-electron atoms and quantum-confinement systems (e. g., semiconductor microstructures). Radiative and collisional relaxation phenomena have been treated using Liouville-space projection-operator techniques. Both time-independent (resolvent-operator) and time-dependent (equation-of-motion) formulations have been developed. The self-energy operators that occur in these formulations can provide the fundamental basis for a self-consistent determination of the non-equilibrium and coherent electronic-state kinetics together with the homogeneous spectral-line shapes. This density-matrix description can be adapted for the computer simulation of electromagnetic processes. From first-principles electronic-structure calculations or from semi-empirical approaches, the parameters describing the elementary collisional and radiative interactions can be evaluated and organized into the basic data set for the application of the density-matrix description. The final product is a theoretical prediction for the linear or non-linear optical absorption or emission spectrum corresponding to a given set of values for the appropriate physical variables, such as temperatures, densities, and electric or magnetic field strengths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-487-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 579 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR76J UT WOS:000167460000015 ER PT S AU Cooper, DG Medberry, JB Williams, KJ AF Cooper, DG Medberry, JB Williams, KJ BE Park, YS Chen, RT TI Thermal effects in multiple-pass p-i-n photodiodes SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IV CY JAN 26-27, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photodiodes; photodetectors; thermal effects; multiple-pass; microwave photonics ID HIGH-POWER; PHOTODETECTORS; DESIGN; GHZ AB Photonic links operating in the 1.55 mu m erbium gain band are finding their way into an increasing variety of microwave applications. At present, the performance of high power photonic links is limited by the characteristics of the photodetector. For microwave links at 1.55 mu m, the most successful photodetector architectures have been implementations of surface-illuminated, InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes. One photodetector design issue has been the tradeoff between microwave bandwidth, responsivity, and maximum average DC current. Low bandwidth photodiodes, for example, can be operated at a few GHz with average currents on the order of 50 mA, but are typically constructed with illuminated diameters on the order of 50 mu m or more. By contrast, high-responsivity photodetectors with bandwidths on the order of 20 GHz are restricted to diameters of around 25 mu m, and limited to 20 mA average current. It would be beneficial to extend the current capability of 20 GHz photodetectors to the 100-mA range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, DG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3567-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3950 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.382176 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27Z UT WOS:000087783700007 ER PT S AU Sanghera, JS Busse, LE Nguyen, VQ Mossadegh, R Kung, FH Cole, B Shaw, B Pureza, PC Miklos, RE Aggarwal, ID Park, YS AF Sanghera, JS Busse, LE Nguyen, VQ Mossadegh, R Kung, FH Cole, B Shaw, B Pureza, PC Miklos, RE Aggarwal, ID Park, YS BE Park, YS Chen, RT TI IR fiber optics development at the Naval Research Laboratory SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IV CY JAN 26-27, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE IR fibers; IRCM; missile defense; loss; power delivery ID CHALCOGENIDE AB We report the first technology demonstration of the use of an IR fiber cable in an IRCM system for missile jamming. The LR fiber cable contains sulphide glass fibers which possess low loss, high strength and high threshold to laser damage. The fiber cable was used to transmit the output from a laser operating in the 2-5 mu m atmospheric window to a Jam Head located remote from the laser. The demonstration was successful and fiber cable performed remarkably well and without damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3567-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3950 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.382160 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27Z UT WOS:000087783700019 ER PT S AU Paek, EG Im, YS Choe, JY Oh, TK AF Paek, EG Im, YS Choe, JY Oh, TK BE Park, YS Chen, RT TI WDM-based 2D multiple beam steering with an Acoustically STeered and ROtated (ASTRO) true time delay generator SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IV CY JAN 26-27, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE optical interconnection; phased array antennas; true time delays; beam steering; Fiber Bragg gratings; acousto-optic beam deflectors; optical information processing; optoelectronics; wavelength division multiplexing ID PROGRAMMABLE DISPERSION MATRIX; PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS; FIBEROPTIC CONTROL; TRANSMITTER AB We propose a method for 2D multiple beam generation without causing extraneous beams in the ASTRO architecture. By simply adding a circular light block (spatial filter) at the center of the polygon mirror in the ASTRO true time delay generator, all the extraneous beams can be removed without requiring additional hardware. Experimental results to prove the concepts will be described with related analyses. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Res Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren, VA 22192 USA. RP Paek, EG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3567-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3950 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.382171 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27Z UT WOS:000087783700030 ER PT J AU Foss, RD Ellis, GL AF Foss, RD Ellis, GL TI Myofibromas and myofibromatosis of the oral region: A clinicopathologic analysis of 79 cases SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Academy-of-Oral-and-Maxillofacial-Pathology Annual Meeting CY APR 29, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Acad Oral Maxillofacial Pathoi ID INFANTILE MYOFIBROMATOSIS; SOFT-TISSUE; FIBROMATOSIS; ADULT; SPECTRUM; TUMORS; CAVITY AB The clinicopathologic features of 79 myofibromas or myofibromatoses of the oral and maxillofacial region were studied. The case studies were taken from the files of the Armed Fortes institute of Pathology. The tumors affected 44 males and 33 females (gender was unknown in 2 cases). The patients' ages at diagnosis ranged from birth to 84 years, with mean and median ages of 26.6 and 22 years, respectively. Four patients had infantile myofibromatosis; 2 had extraoral bone lesions and 2 had multiple subcutaneous rumors. In descending order, tumors involved the mandible, tongue, lips, check or buccal area, maxilla or palate, pterygomandibular raphae, floor of mouth, and submandibular gland. One third of the tumors affected the bones of the jaws; 12 were central and 15 were cortical or periosteal. All medullary tumors occurred in patients under age 18. On gross examination, the lesions were firm, homogenous or whorled, white-grey fibrous masses that ranged in size from 0.5 to 5.0 cm. Microscopically, all tumors demonstrated a pattern of nodules or bundles of spindle cells separated by areas of greater cellularity and crescent-shaped vascular spaces. Distinct hemangiopericytoma-like areas were present in 22 cases. Despite apparent circumscription, the tumors commonly infiltrated and entrapped adjacent muscle, nerve, or salivary tissue. Immunohistochemically, 37 of 37 and 39 of 39 tumors stained positively for alpha-smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin, respectively, with the former eliciting a more intense reaction. Eight of 8 tumors were weakly positive for CD68, and one case stained focally with S-100 protein. No desmin staining was present in 36 tumors examined. Diagnostic interpretations by the pathologists seeking consultation were malignant or aggressive tumors in 31 cases and other benign conditions in 26. Nine were interpreted as myofibromatosis and 13 offered no interpretation. Thirty-two patients were alive and free of tumor an average of 42 months after initial diagnosis. Four patients had one recurrence Each, and 2 had lesions recur twice. Myofibromas are relatively common soft tissue tumors of the maxillofacial region, which have been misinterpreted as malignant or aggressive lesions. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Oral Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Affairs, Special Reference Lab Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Foss, RD (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 89 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1067/moe.2000.102569 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277EV UT WOS:000084920500013 PM 10630943 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y AF Furukawa, Y TI Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) investigation of clay-organic matter aggregates in aquatic sediments SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 217th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 21-25, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy; EFTEM; electron energy-loss spectroscopy; EELS; sediment microfabric ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SURFACE-AREA; PRESERVATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CARBON; SNOW AB High resolution (< 10 nm) transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-filtering TEM (EFTEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) have been used for the direct microstructural imaging and analysis of clay-organic matter aggregates in fine-grained aquatic sediments from Jourdan River Estuary, MS, USA. EFTEM and EELS allow rapid, high-resolution spatial mapping and analysis of light elements such as carbon. The study area sediments are comprised of discrete organic matter masses and aggregates of clay plates. Clay aggregates often include organic matter. The comparison of clay aggregate images obtained by the TEM bright-field technique and the EFTEM carbon mapping technique shows that carbon within clay domains has spatial features that are in the same size scale as the features of individual clay plates within the aggregates (ENKEPHALIN C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6445-7 PY 2000 BP 548 EP 549 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BR58X UT WOS:000166856900217 ER PT J AU Krebs, WK Essock, EA Buttrey, SE Sinai, MJ McCarley, JS AF Krebs, WK Essock, EA Buttrey, SE Sinai, MJ McCarley, JS TI An oblique effect of chromatic gratings measured by color-mixture thresholds SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; VISUAL-SYSTEM; RED-GREEN; ORIENTATION; SENSITIVITY; CONTRAST; VISION; PERCEPTION; ANISOTROPY; DISCRIMINATION AB Contrast sensitivity is lower for obliquely oriented achromatic gratings than for vertical or horizontal gratings at high spatial and low temporal frequencies. Although this response is suggestive of mediation by P-pathway cortical correlates, no dear sensory (ie class 1) oblique effect has been demonstrated with isoluminant chromatic stimuli. In the present experiment, a two-alternative forced-choice detection task was used to measure observers' sensitivity to spatiotemporal sinusoids varying in orientation and color contrast. A maximum-likelihood method fit ellipses to the thresholds, with the length of each ellipse taken as a measure of chromatic contrast sensitivity at isoluminance, and the width as luminance contrast threshold. A chromatic oblique effect was observed at about 3 cycles deg(-1) suggesting an orientation bias within the cortical stream conveying P-cell activity. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Krebs, WK (reprint author), Fed Aviat Adm, 800 Independence Ave SW,AAR-100,Room 907, Washington, DC 20591 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2000 VL 29 IS 8 BP 927 EP 935 DI 10.1068/p3081 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 375ML UT WOS:000165403300005 PM 11145084 ER PT J AU Stalick, WM Faour, S Honeychuck, RV Beal, B Hardy, BR Mushrush, GW AF Stalick, WM Faour, S Honeychuck, RV Beal, B Hardy, BR Mushrush, GW TI Fuel instability studies: The reaction of 3-methyl indole with aryl sulfonic acids SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATE FUEL AB Incompatibility reactions in middle distillate fuels can be ascribed to the presence of specific polar heteroatomic compounds or species containing oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. It has been proposed that the observed sediment and/or gum formation results from the interaction of heteroatomic species with the acids contained in fuels. Recent studies have shown that the addition of non-basic nitrogen heterocycles such as indoles to a fuel increases deposit formation dramatically. Therefore, an attempt was made to identify the structure of the sediment. This paper reports on the reaction of 3-methyl indole with aryl sulfonic acids. The results of this study were accomplished by identifying the nature and the structure of the sediments formed using elemental analysis and various instrumental techniques. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stalick, WM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PET SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.1080/10916460008949847 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 298DU UT WOS:000086124700004 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Spencer, GO Beal, EJ Wynne, JH Hughes, JM Hardy, DR AF Mushrush, GW Spencer, GO Beal, EJ Wynne, JH Hughes, JM Hardy, DR TI The synthesis of a reactive pyridine intermediate for fuel instability studies SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyridine; fuel; middle distillate fuel; fuel instability ID REARRANGEMENT; SHALE; MODEL AB Pyridine compounds have been found in significant concentration in middle distillate fuels. These compounds have been implicated in fuel instability reactions and could also be involved in color body formation. Few pyridine compounds are commercially available and those that are available are relatively simple in structure. We report the synthesis of a reactive pyridine intermediate, 1-carbethoxy-2-cyano1,2-dihydropyridine, that could be used for a wide range of further pyridine compound synthesis including pyridones, and many other alkyl derivatives. This particular compound has been reported, but in very low yield. This reported improved synthetic procedure give yields in excess of 90%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN Reserve, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Geoctr, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6121, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 7-8 BP 901 EP 911 DI 10.1080/10916460008949881 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 336UX UT WOS:000088322300012 ER PT J AU Morris, RE Chang, EL AF Morris, RE Chang, EL TI Development of a filter to selectively remove copper from jet fuels using a polyamine chelant immobilized on silica gel SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY AB Dissolved copper in fuels is generally rendered chemically benign by complexing with soluble chelating agents. However, this still leaves the copper in the fuel. By attaching suitable chelants to a solid support, copper can be selectively removed from the fuel by passing through a column packed with this material. We are evaluating a candidate system in which diethylenetriamine (DETA) is densely immobilized onto silica gel (DETA-Si). Previous studies have shown that this system will remove copper to below detection levels from jet fuel passed through columns at up to 30 mL/min. In this study, we show that the efficiency of DETA-Si to extract copper is not diminished in the presence of metal deactivating additives. Moreover, MDA does not extract copper from DETA-Si in lab-scale now tests. The impact of filtration through silica gel and DETA-Si on thermal stability is also addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fuels Sect, Code 6121, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 9-10 BP 1147 EP 1159 DI 10.1080/10916460008949896 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 381KB UT WOS:000165761000010 ER PT S AU Krahenbuhl, R Burns, WK AF Krahenbuhl, R Burns, WK BE Prucnal, PR Blumenthal, DJ TI Enhanced crosstalk suppression for Ti : LiNbO3 digital optical switches SO PHOTONICS IN SWITCHING, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Photonics in Switching CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB High extinction ratio and low loss digital optical switches based on Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides are presented. Crosstalk suppression better then 30 dB or even 50 dB for any applied voltage above 25 V is reached using an improved Y-junction design or a dilated switch arrangement, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-590-0 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 32 BP 160 EP 162 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT80K UT WOS:000174089400036 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE Broughton, JQ AF Rudd, RE Broughton, JQ TI Concurrent coupling of length scales in solid state systems SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INSTABILITY DYNAMICS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; FRACTURE SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DENSITY-MATRIX; SILICON; ORDER; MODEL AB A strategic objective of computational materials physics is the accurate description of specific materials on length scales spanning the electronic to the macroscopic. We describe progress towards this goal by reviewing a seamless coupling of quantum to statistical to continuum mechanics, involving two models, implemented via parallel algorithms on supercomputers, for unifying finite elements (FE), molecular dynamics (MD) and semi-empirical tight-binding (TB). The first approach, FE/MD/TB Coupling of Length Scales (FE/MD/TB CLS), consists of a hybrid model in which simulations of the three scales are run concurrently with the minimal coupling that guarantees physical consistency. The second approach, Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD), introduces an effective model, a scale-dependent generalization of finite elements which passes smoothly into molecular dynamics as the mesh is reduced to atomic spacing. These methodologies are illustrated and validated using the examples of crack propagation in silicon and the dynamics of micro-resonators. We also briefly review a number of other approaches to multiscale modeling. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. NR 64 TC 235 Z9 246 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 217 IS 1 BP 251 EP 291 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(200001)217:1<251::AID-PSSB251>3.3.CO;2-1 PG 41 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 284JQ UT WOS:000085329200013 ER PT J AU Frauenheim, T Seifert, G Elstner, M Hajnal, Z Jungnickel, G Porezag, D Suhai, S Scholz, R AF Frauenheim, T Seifert, G Elstner, M Hajnal, Z Jungnickel, G Porezag, D Suhai, S Scholz, R TI A self-consistent charge density-functional based tight-binding method for predictive materials simulations in physics, chemistry and biology SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LINEAR COMBINATION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SILICON CLUSTERS; ORBITAL APPROACH; ATOMIC ORBITALS; THIN-FILMS AB We outline recent developments in quantum mechanical atomistic modelling of complex materials properties that combine the efficiency of semi-empirical quantum-chemistry and tight-binding approaches with the accuracy and transferability of more sophisticated density-functional and post-Hartree-Fock methods with the aim to perform highly predictive materials simulations of technological relevant sizes in physics, chemistry and biology. Following Harris, Foulkes and Haydock, the methods are based on an expansion of the Kohn-Sham total energy in density-functional theory (DFT) with respect to charge density fluctuations at a given reference density. While the zeroth order approach is equivalent to a common standard non-self-consistent tight-binding (TB) scheme, at second order by variationally treating the approximate Kohn-Sham energy a transparent, parameter-free, and readily calculable expression for generalized Hamiltonian matrix elements may be derived. These matrix elements are modified by a Self-Consistent redistribution of Mulliken Charges (SCC). Besides the usual "band-structure" and short-range repulsive terms the final approximate Kohn-Sham energy explicitly includes Coulomb interaction between charge fluctuations. The new SCC-scheme is shown to successfully apply to problems, where defficiencies within the non-SCC standard TB-approach become obvious. These cover defect calculations and surface studies in polar semiconductors (see M. Haugk et al. of this special issue), spectroscopic studies of organic light-emitting thin films, briefly outlined in the present article, and atomistic investigations of biomolecules (see M. Elstner et al. of this special issue). C1 Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fachbereich Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. German Canc Res Ctr, Dept Mol Biophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tech Univ Chemnitz, Fachbereich Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. RP Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fachbereich Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. RI Elstner, Marcus/H-3463-2013; HAJNAL, Zoltan/B-6385-2008; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015 OI HAJNAL, Zoltan/0000-0003-1758-4754; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616 NR 95 TC 401 Z9 401 U1 10 U2 69 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 217 IS 1 BP 41 EP 62 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(200001)217:1<41::AID-PSSB41>3.0.CO;2-V PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 284JQ UT WOS:000085329200005 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Porezag, DV Kortus, J Patton, DC AF Pederson, MR Porezag, DV Kortus, J Patton, DC TI Strategies for massively parallel local-orbital-based electronic structure methods SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ALL-ELECTRON; MAGNETIZATION; APPROXIMATION; INTENSITIES; SIMULATIONS; RELAXATION; SYSTEMS AB We discuss several aspects related to massively parallel electronic structure calculations using the gaussian-orbital based Naval Research Laboratory Molecular Orbital Library (NRLMOL). While much of the discussion is specific to gaussian-orbital methods, we show that all of the computationally intensive problems encountered in this code are special cases of a general class of problems which allow for the generation of parallel code that is automatically dynamically load balanced. We refer to the algorithms for parallelizing such problems as "honey-bee algorithms" because they are analogous to nature's way of generating honey. With the use of such algorithms, BEOWULF clusters of personal computers are roughly equivalent to higher performance systems on a per processor basis. Further, we show that these algorithms are compatible with more complicated parallel programming architectures that are reasonable to anticipate. After specifically discussing several parallel algorithms, we discuss applications of this program to magnetic molecules. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 217 IS 1 BP 197 EP 218 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(200001)217:1<197::AID-PSSB197>3.0.CO;2-B PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 284JQ UT WOS:000085329200010 ER PT J AU Porezag, D Pederson, MR Liu, AY AF Porezag, D Pederson, MR Liu, AY TI The accuracy of the pseudopotential approximation within density-functional theory SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC ORBITALS METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LINEAR COMBINATION; ALL-ELECTRON; SOLIDS; INTENSITIES; SYSTEMS; DIAMOND AB We have investigated the accuracy of pseudopotential (PSP) density-functional calculations with respect to the corresponding all-electron (AE) results for a variety of atoms and small molecules. It is found that most of the deviations between ab-initio PSP and AE calculations are due to the linearization of the exchange-correlation functional within the PSP approach. This problem can be eliminated by applying nonlinear core corrections (NLCC). We find that a correct description of spin-polarized states requires the NLCC, even for first-row atoms. This is essential for simulations of magnetic systems and reaction processes which involve radicals. The NLCC is also essential for a realistic description of elements with more long-range core states such as alkali atoms. A further improvement of pseudopotential accuracy may be achieved by explicitly including semi-core stales in the calculation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 217 IS 1 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(200001)217:1<219::AID-PSSB219>3.3.CO;2-M PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 284JQ UT WOS:000085329200011 ER PT J AU Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR AF Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR TI Structure and isomerization in alkali halide clusters SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-ISOMERIZATION; ELECTRON; APPROXIMATION; DYNAMICS AB Theoretical electronic structure calculations on the geometry and stability of M4Cl3- (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) have been carried out within a gradient corrected density functional theory. It is shown that all the clusters possess three energetically close structures in the form of a defected cuboid, ladder, and a ring. The three isomers have different electron affinities and can be identified through negative ion photodetachment experiments. It is shown that all the clusters are marked by low energy vibrational modes which can permit interconversion between the structures at high temperatures. The transition (minimum) temperature for observing thermal isomerization increases as one goes from Cs to Li. Further experiments to probe this interesting phenomenon are suggested. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch 6692, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 217 IS 1 BP 323 EP 334 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(200001)217:1<323::AID-PSSB323>3.0.CO;2-A PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 284JQ UT WOS:000085329200016 ER PT B AU Glass, SA AF Glass, SA BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR TI Deep air sparging of a chlorinated solvent source area SO PHYSICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB A full-scale air sparging/soil vapor extraction (AS/SVE) system with off-gas treatment has been in operation at the Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department (AIMD) Seepage Pit (Site 16) at the former Naval Air Station, Cecil Field in Jacksonville, Florida since June 1999. The goal of the project is to reduce the concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), primarily Trichloroethene (TCE), to less than 1000 ug/l. in the source area. The remediation system was designed to treat elevated VOC concentrations at a depth up to 100 ft (30.5 m) below ground surface (bgs). Performance data collected during the first several months of operation suggests that effective removal of VOCs from the aquifer, based on significant decreases in groundwater contaminant concentrations and total VOC concentrations measured in the pretreated off-gas. C1 USN, Facil Engn Command, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Glass, SA (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Command, N Charleston, SC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-099-3 PY 2000 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65S UT WOS:000167101900010 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Robust and variational fitting SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; LINEAR-COMBINATION; ATOMS AB Fitting used to simplify various approximations to the molecular Schrodinger equation is discussed. Robust fits correct the target function to first order in the error made due to fitting. Variational fits are compatible with the variational principle. A full variation of the fitted energy is used to generate the Fock matrix. Robust and variational fitting of the electric and magnetic fields of the electrons is defined. Robust-fitted MP2 (RF-MP2) methods are defined. Independent of how the charge distributions are fit, robust-fitted errors are quadratic in the difference between the fits and fitted quantities. Analytic, robust and variational fits of various fractional powers of electronic densities and other linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals (LCAO) objects are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 23 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 10 BP 2113 EP 2116 DI 10.1039/b000027m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 312DM UT WOS:000086928000008 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Blaha, M Giuliani, JL AF Dasgupta, A Blaha, M Giuliani, JL TI Electron-impact excitation from the ground and the metastable levels of ArI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; OPTICAL-EMISSION; ARGON ATOMS; RARE-GASES; STATES; BEAM; KRYPTON; SPECTROSCOPY; ACTINOMETRY; SCATTERING AB Electron-impact excitation of Ar I from the ground 3p(6) S-1(0) as well as the two metastable levels of the 3p(5)4s (P-3(2) and P-3(0)) configuration to all ten levels of the 3p(5)4p excited configuration are calculated in the distorted-wave approximation. Polarization of the ground state is explicitly included by adding a polarization potential in the calculation. Unitarization of the scattering matrix S is carried out by including the elastic terms, and effects of unitarization in the LS as well as jj formalisms are investigated. The excitation cross sections are calculated from threshold to similar to 100 eV. The calculations are compared and contrasted with recent experimental data and other theoretical work. The study shows that the effect of the polarization potential is not very significant but unitarization of the S matrix reduces the cross sections considerably and the cross sections obtained using the two different methods of unitarization are significantly different for some excitation transitions. The results are useful for analyzing low-pressure plasmas used in processing applications as well as electron beam excitation, as in excimer lasers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP art. no. EP 012703 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 281PA UT WOS:000085168800040 ER PT J AU Moore, CI Krushelnick, K Ting, A Burris, HR Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Moore, CI Krushelnick, K Ting, A Burris, HR Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P TI Transverse modulation of an electron beam generated in self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID UNDERDENSE PLASMA; FIELD GENERATION; INTENSE; PULSE; PROPAGATION; WAVE; BREAKING; WAKE AB Low energy electron beams (E similar to 300 keV) generated in a self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator experiment were observed to filament and be deflected away from the laser axis forming radial jets in the electron beam profile. At higher energies (E > 900 keV), the filamentation and jets were suppressed and smooth electron beams copropagting with the laser were observed. The observed electron beam filamentation likely results from laser beam filamentation in the plasma due to relativistic self-focusing effects. The radial jets of low energy electrons are likely caused by transverse ejection of the electrons due to the radial structure of the wakefield and space charge deflection of electrons as they exit the laser focus. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 788 EP 792 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.788 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 277LN UT WOS:000084935200101 ER PT B AU Stahlbush, RE Jernigan, GG AF Stahlbush, RE Jernigan, GG BE Massoud, HZ Baumvol, IJR Hirose, M Poindexter, EH TI Light emission from interface traps in SiC MOSFETs SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SIO2 AND THE SI-SIO2 INTERFACE - 4 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on the Physics and Chemistry of SiO2 and the Si-SiO2 Interface CY MAY 15-18, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div AB Images of light emission from electron-hole recombination in 4H and 6H SiC n-type MOSFETs were observed by alternately driving the channel between accumulation and inversion. Light emission is observed from recombination at interface traps and from the bulk under the channel. The yield of light from recombination at interface traps is an order of magnitude greater than the yield from the bulk. Low mobility and high interface trap density impedes the flow of electrons from the source and drain into the channel. The time evolution of this flow was imaged. The rate of the electron flow in 4H MOSFETs is much slower than in 6H MOSFETs due to the lower channel mobility and higher interface trap density in the former. Emission images also reveal extended defects in the channel region. Different extended defects were observed in 6H and 4H MOSFETs. The defects in the 6H devices altered the electron flow, but the defects in the 4H devices did not affect the electron flow. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-267-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 2 BP 513 EP 522 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BQ25C UT WOS:000087729000050 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Bailey, S Eparvier, F Lawrence, G Lean, J McClintock, B Roble, R Rottman, GJ Solomon, SC Tobiska, WK White, OR AF Woods, TN Bailey, S Eparvier, F Lawrence, G Lean, J McClintock, B Roble, R Rottman, GJ Solomon, SC Tobiska, WK White, OR TI TIMED Solar EUV Experiment SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd TIGER Symposia A Program for Thermospheric-Iono spheric Geospheric Research CY 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID X-RAY IRRADIANCE; FAR ULTRAVIOLET AB The Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) on the NASA Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission will measure the solar vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral irradiance from 1 to 195 nm. To cover this wide spectral range two different types of instruments are used: a grating spectrograph for spectra above 25 nm and a set of silicon photodiodes with thin film filters for the soft x-ray (XUV) below 35 nm. Redundant channels of the spectrograph and XUV photodiodes provide in-flight calibration checks on the time scale of a week, and annual rocket underflight measurements provide absolute calibration checks traceable to radiometric standards. Both types of instruments have been developed and night proven as part of a NASA solar EUV irradiance rocket experiment. The SEE instrument is currently on the NASA TIMED spacecraft at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). The TIMED launch is planned for October 2000 as a two year mission. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Fed Data Ctr, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-1917 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH PT C JI Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. C-Solar-Terr. Planet. Sci. PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00040-4 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 348BX UT WOS:000088965500008 ER PT J AU Picone, JM Hedin, AE Drob, DP Meier, RR Lean, J Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE AF Picone, JM Hedin, AE Drob, DP Meier, RR Lean, J Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE TI Enhanced empirical models of the thermosphere SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd TIGER Symposia A Program for Thermospheric-Iono spheric Geospheric Research CY 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID LOWER ATMOSPHERE; MILLSTONE HILL; SPECTROMETER; CLIMATOLOGY; MIDDLE AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has embarked on a development program to upgrade empirical models of the neutral upper atmosphere (thermosphere and upper mesosphere) and to apply these models to scientific and engineering problems. The program focus has been the Mass Spectrometer - Incoherent Scatter Radar (MSIS) model of composition and temperature. The new NRLMSIS model, due for release in 2000, has ingested additional data sets, including, for the first time, the drag and accelerometer data of Jacchia and others. The formulation in the lower thermosphere now has improved flexibility, and a new species, "anomalous oxygen," allows for appreciable O+ and hot atomic oxygen contributions to the total mass density at high altitudes. A new full disk proxy for the solar chromospheric EUV driver of thermospheric variability is available for studies in combination with the NRLMSIS model and database. This will determine the value of augmenting F-10.7 in the model formulation - a longstanding issue. Whereas F-10.7 correlates more closely with coronal EUV flux, chromospheric fluxes provide the primary thermospheric heating. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Picone, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1464-1917 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH PT C JI Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. C-Solar-Terr. Planet. Sci. PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00072-6 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 348BX UT WOS:000088965500040 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Morales, GJ Maggs, JE AF Penano, JR Morales, GJ Maggs, JE TI Drift-Alfven fluctuations associated with a narrow pressure striation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FILAMENTARY DENSITY DEPLETION; PLASMA; TOKAMAK; WAVES; ACCELERATION; CONVERSION AB This analytical and numerical study illustrates the linear stability properties of low frequency electromagnetic eigenmodes driven by field-aligned pressure striations whose scale transverse to the confining magnetic field is on the order of the electron skin-depth. A full electromagnetic formulation is given in terms of the coupling of the fluctuating axial fields ((E) over tilde(z),(B) over tilde(z)) and incorporates shear and compressional Alfven waves, drift waves, and ion acoustic waves. The kinetic response of the electrons includes pitch-angle scattering (Lorentz model) and the ions are treated as a magnetized, cold fluid. Detailed quantitative comparisons of the theoretical predictions are made with laboratory observations of fluctuations generated in controlled pressure depletions [J. E. Maggs and G. J. Morales, Phys. Plasmas 4, 290 (1997)] and in narrow temperature plumes [A. T. Burke, J. E. Maggs, and G. J. Morales, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3659 (1998)]. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)01101-0]. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 144 EP 157 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 282VH UT WOS:000085240400019 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Young, FC Stephanakis, SJ Rose, DV Neri, JM Weber, BV Myers, MC Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Olson, CL Welch, DR AF Ottinger, PF Young, FC Stephanakis, SJ Rose, DV Neri, JM Weber, BV Myers, MC Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Olson, CL Welch, DR TI Self-pinched transport of an intense proton beam SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ION BEAMS; LOW-PRESSURE GASES; FOCUSED REGIME; FUSION; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; CHANNELS AB Ion beam self-pinched transport (SPT) experiments have been carried out using a 1.1-MeV, 100-kA proton beam. A Rutherford scattering diagnostic and a LiF nuclear activation diagnostic measured the number of protons within a 5 cm radius at 50 cm into the transport region that was filled with low-pressure helium. Time-integrated signals from both diagnostics indicate self-pinching of the ion beam in a helium pressure window between 35 and 80 mTorr. Signals from these two diagnostics are consistent with ballistic transport at pressures above and below this SPT pressure window. Interferometric measurements of electron densities during beam injection into vacuum are consistent with ballistic transport with co-moving electrons. Interferometric measurements for beam injection into helium show that the electron density increases quadratically with pressure through the SPT window and roughly linearly with pressure above the SPT window. The ionization fraction of the helium plateaus at about 1.5% for pressures above 80 mTorr. In the SPT window, the electron density is 3 to 20 times the beam density. Numerical simulations of these beam transport experiments produce results that are in qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)03101-3]. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 346 EP 358 DI 10.1063/1.873803 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 282VH UT WOS:000085240400039 ER PT S AU Szego, K Dobe, Z Huba, J Quest, K Shapiro, VD AF Szego, K Dobe, Z Huba, J Quest, K Shapiro, VD BE Huddleston, DE Walker, R TI Wave activity in the dayside mantle of Venus, Mars, and Titan SO PLANETARY IONOSPHERES AND MAGNETOSPHERES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C3 2/D0 9 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission C/B0 5 Symposium of COSPAR Svcientific Commission B held during the 32nd COSPAR Scintific Assembly CY JUL, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Acad Astronaut, Comm Space Res ID PLASMA MANTLE; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERE AB In this paper we analyse the properties of the waves excited in the interaction layer between the shocked solar wind and planetary plasma on the dayside of non-magnetic bodies. We compare the predictions of existing models for Venus, Mars, and Titan. It is concluded that the currently available measurements at Venus and Mars are not adequate to distinguish between the models, but at Titan the difference between the predictions is significant. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Szego, K (reprint author), KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1609 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(00)00101-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BR53K UT WOS:000166724300023 ER PT B AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, SJ BE Dick, S McCarthy, D Luzum, B TI Polar motion: A historical overview on the occasion of the centennial of the International Latitude Service SO POLAR MOTION: HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 178th IAU Colloquium on Polar Motion: Historical and Scientific Problems CY SEP 27-30, 1999 CL STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE, CAGLIARI, ITALY SP Minist Univ Ric Sci & Tecnol, Reg Autonoma Sardegna & Comune Monserrato HO STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE AB The study of polar motion, termed "variation of latitude" at the time of its discovery in the late 19th century by F. Kustner and S. Chandler, is of historical interest for many reasons. From a scientific viewpoint, its discovery must be seen in the context of positional astronomy, geodesy and Earth rotation studies. From an institutional viewpoint, the founding of the International Latitude Service (ILS) in 1899 represents an early case of international cooperation in astronomy, preceding the International Astronomical Union by two decades. In addition to discussing these themes in this review, we analyze in some detail the Gaithersburg (USA) station of the ILS as a case study of the early problems and promise of polar motion studies. With milliarcsecond accuracies, polar motion studies are important today not only for astronomy and geophysics, but also for practical problems like spacecraft navigation and positioning. C1 USN Observ, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-039-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 208 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80S UT WOS:000089621200001 ER PT B AU Carter, MS Carter, WE AF Carter, MS Carter, WE BE Dick, S McCarthy, D Luzum, B TI Seth Carlo Chandler Jr.: The discovery of variation of latitude SO POLAR MOTION: HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 178th IAU Colloquium on Polar Motion: Historical and Scientific Problems CY SEP 27-30, 1999 CL STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE, CAGLIARI, ITALY SP Minist Univ Ric Sci & Tecnol, Reg Autonoma Sardegna & Comune Monserrato HO STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE AB It took Seth Carlo Chandler Jr. just one year to discover the 14 month and annual components of the variation of latitude (polar motion) that had eluded the most talented astronomers for more than a century. He succeeded where those before him had failed because: he used a global set of observations that had been painstakingly collected by astronomers of many nationalities over more than 150 years; he ignored the common wisdom that unexpected annual variations in astronomical observations were always caused by temperature effects on instruments or atmospheric refraction anomalies; and he was not misled by the theory, which predicted that the Eulerian wobble must have a period of approximately 10 months. Chandler was a true amateur only in the sense that he pursued astronomy out of love, while making his living as an actuary. He began his scientific training at the youthful age of 15 under the tutelage of Benjamin Pierce, perhaps the greatest American mathematician of that time. He then became: a private assistant to Benjamin Apthorp Could, Jr., an aide to Could while employed by the US Coast Survey, and Assistant Editor to Could for the Astronomical Journal. It would be impossible to understand and appreciate Chandler's achievements without recognizing his relationship with Could, his brilliant mentor and lifelong colleague - the man he once described as his "Magnus Apollo." In 1901 Chandler announced that the 14 month motion was not a simple oscillation but was in itself a compound motion consisting of the previously discovered 428 day component, and a much smaller 436 day component, whose reality was "beyond reasonable doubt." The beating of two such components would result in a rapid change in the phase and amplitude of the Chandler motion at intervals of about 80 years. If Chandler was correct, in about 2010, give or take perhaps five years, we should see the next occurrence of this phenomenon. With the International Earth Rotation Service in operation there should be no difficulty in detecting and quantifying such an event, very nearly one century after Chandler's death. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Carter, MS (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-039-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 208 BP 109 EP 119 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80S UT WOS:000089621200009 ER PT B AU McCarthy, DD AF McCarthy, DD BE Dick, S McCarthy, D Luzum, B TI Polar motion - An overview SO POLAR MOTION: HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 178th IAU Colloquium on Polar Motion: Historical and Scientific Problems CY SEP 27-30, 1999 CL STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE, CAGLIARI, ITALY SP Minist Univ Ric Sci & Tecnol, Reg Autonoma Sardegna & Comune Monserrato HO STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; EARTHS ROTATION; EXCITATION; AXIS; CORE AB After one hundred years of intensive study, some aspects of polar motion remain poorly understood. This motion of the Earth's axis of rotation with respect to its mantle and crust has been observed and studied since the creation of the International Latitude Service. Research has shown that the motion of the pole is quite complicated and distinguished by components over all time scales. Observationally, the secular, Chandler and annual components of polar motion are well documented, and various geophysical processes have been suggested as Likely causes. Other components such as the approximately thirty-year motion, the high-frequency motion and the daily/sub-daily motion remain as subjects of extensive research. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP McCarthy, DD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-039-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 208 BP 223 EP 236 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80S UT WOS:000089621200020 ER PT B AU Dick, SJ McCarthy, D AF Dick, SJ McCarthy, D BE Dick, S McCarthy, D Luzum, B TI William Markowitz (1907-1998) SO POLAR MOTION: HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 178th IAU Colloquium on Polar Motion: Historical and Scientific Problems CY SEP 27-30, 1999 CL STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE, CAGLIARI, ITALY SP Minist Univ Ric Sci & Tecnol, Reg Autonoma Sardegna & Comune Monserrato HO STN ASTRON CAGLIARI CARLOFORTE C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-039-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 208 BP 335 EP 335 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80S UT WOS:000089621200029 ER PT S AU Tyo, JS AF Tyo, JS BE Chenault, DB Duggin, MJ Egan, WG Goldstein, DH TI Considerations in polarimeter design SO POLARIZATION ANALYSIS, MEASUREMENT, AND REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Analysis, Measurement, and Remote Sensing III CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE polarization; polarimetry; optimization of polarimeters ID OPTIMUM ANGLES; MEDIA AB The relationship between system condition and SNR in reconstructed Stokes parameter images is investigated for rotating compensator, variable retardance, and rotating analyzer Stokes vector polarimeters. A variety of optimal configurations are presented for each class of systems. The operation of polarimeters is discussed in terms of a 4-dimensional vector space, and the concept of non-orthogonal bases, frames, and tight frames are introduced to describe this class of devices. While SNR is an important consideration, performance of a polarimeter in the presence of systematic error is also important. Here, the relationship between system condition and error performance is investigated, and it is shown that an optimum system from the point of view of SNR is not always an optimum system with respect to error performance. Finally, the concepts used to optimize Stokes vector polarimeters are extended to be useful for full Mueller matrix polarimeters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3778-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4133 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.406642 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR58B UT WOS:000166853900007 ER PT S AU Meier, SR Priest, RG AF Meier, SR Priest, RG BE Chenault, DB Duggin, MJ Egan, WG Goldstein, DH TI Mueller matrix measurements of black and white materials in the infrared SO POLARIZATION ANALYSIS, MEASUREMENT, AND REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Analysis, Measurement, and Remote Sensing III CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE degree of polarization (DOP); Mueller matrix; black materials; Stokes vectors; and infrared AB We have investigated the degree of polarization (DOP) of infrared radiation reflected from rough white and black materials. Mueller matrices for these materials have been measured with an out-of-plane scatterometer with full polarization optics. We have compared the Mueller matrix data to the microfacet model. These results may have applications for stray light coatings for imaging polarimetric instruments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5622, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3778-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4133 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.406615 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR58B UT WOS:000166853900009 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Eren, H AF Kwon, YW Eren, H TI Micromechanical study of interface stresses and failure in fibrous composites using boundary element method SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB Because interface failure has been a common failure mode in reinforced composite materials, the authors investigated the micromechanical interface stress distribution and potential failure in fibrous composite materials under transverse loading, using the boundary element method. Both normal and tangential interface stresses were computed around fibres of different geometrical shapes and volume fractions. In addition, interface stresses around fibres located deep inside of a composite specimen or at the boundary of the specimen were calculated and compared. This study examined the interface failure initiation and growth for various cases as described above. The quadratic failure criterion, based on the interface normal and shear stresses, was considered at the interface to compare the failure under different cases. The effect of progressive interface failure on the composite stiffness was also studied for different cases, as mentioned above. C1 USN, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY, SHROPS, ENGLAND SY4 4NR SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 6 BP 369 EP 386 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 363HJ UT WOS:000089829400001 ER PT S AU Campbell, PM Snow, ES AF Campbell, PM Snow, ES BE Kumar, V Agarwal, SK TI Proximal probe-based fabrication of nanometer-scale devices SO PROCEEDING OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices (IWPSD 99) CY DEC 14-18, 1999 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP Defence Res & Dev Org, Minist Informat Technol, Council Sci & Indust Res, Dept Space, Int Soc Opt Engn, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Semiconduct Complex Ltd, Philips, India Ltd, Karl Suss GmbH, Leica Microsyst Lithogr Ltd, Electorava SPA, Riber, Dept Sci Technol ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SILICON; STM; NANOFABRICATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; OXIDATION; OPERATION; SURFACES AB We describe a simple and reliable process for the fabrication of nanometer-scale structures by using the local electric field of a conducting tip atomic force microscope to write surface oxide patterns by local anodic oxidation, These oxide patterns can be used as masks for selective etching to transfer the pattern into the substrate. Alternately this process of anodic oxidation can be used to oxidize completely through thin metal films to make nanometer-scale lateral metal-oxide-metal tunnel junctions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campbell, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3601-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3975 BP 943 EP 948 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ44N UT WOS:000088363600190 ER PT S AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, TH BE Chung, JS Olagnon, M Kim, CH TI Markov theory for runs of high waves SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH (2000) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL III SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2000) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engn DE Markov theory; random waves; Jonswap seas ID CREST STATISTICS AB The application of Markov theory to runs of high waves is examined using extensive computer simulations of random Jonswap 3.3 seas. Results show direct application when account is taken of the variation of the Markov coefficient with threshold level defining high waves. The variation is shown to be consistent with theoretical results from Markov and envelope descriptions of wave runs. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-49-4 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2000 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ75A UT WOS:000089401800004 ER PT S AU Kriebel, DL Alsina, MV AF Kriebel, DL Alsina, MV BE Chung, JS Olagnon, M Kim, CH TI Simulation of extreme waves in a background random sea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH (2000) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL III SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2000) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engn DE freak waves; rogue waves; extreme waves; transient waves; wave generation; wave tank ID TRANSIENT WATER-WAVES AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to embed a large transient wave within a random sea as a means of simulating freak wave events in a wave tank. The total wave energy spectrum was split into two parts: one for the background random sea and the other for the transient or freak wave. It is shown that a freak wave, having a height of more then 2 Hs, can be generated using just 15% to 20% of the total wave energy. implying that a freak wave may occur due to the focusing of only a small part of the overall wave energy. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kriebel, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-49-4 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2000 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ75A UT WOS:000089401800006 ER PT S AU Harvey, DP AF Harvey, DP BE Grundy, P Koo, J Langen, I Knapp, R TI Effects of strain precycling on the tensile fracture morphology of Nickel 270 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH (2000) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL IV SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2000) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engn DE precycling; ductile fracture; stress-state history AB Specimens of cold worked and annealed polycrystalline Nickel 270 were tested in strain controlled cycling followed by monotonic tensile loading to failure. The fracture surfaces of the failed specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the initial condition of the material and precycling on the tensile response and the failure morphology of the specimens were investigated. A better understanding of the relationships between loading history, stress-strain response and damage morphology will be useful in developing improved predictive capability for simulated in-service structural response and multi-scale modeling of damage evolution under mechanical loading. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harvey, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-50-8 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2000 BP 188 EP 194 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ75B UT WOS:000089401900032 ER PT S AU Menozzi, A Gagliardi, TC Lyshevski, SE AF Menozzi, A Gagliardi, TC Lyshevski, SE GP AACC AACC AACC TI Dynamics and control of MTV: a multipurpose unmanned underwater vehicle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000) CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, US Natl Member Org, Int Federat Automat Control DE nonlinear; underwater; modeling AB Manta Test Vehicle (MTV) has been built by the US Navy as the prototype of a new class of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). This paper presents the complete nonlinear dynamics model of MTV and discusses the design of its control system. As MTV's first in-water trial is still to come, performance is shown through simulated runs. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Menozzi, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Code 8231,B1302-2,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-5520-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2000 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR32L UT WOS:000166106200014 ER PT S AU Kang, W Sparks, A Banda, S AF Kang, W Sparks, A Banda, S GP AACC AACC AACC TI Multi-satellite formation and reconfiguration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000) CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, US Natl Member Org, Int Federat Automat Control AB This paper addresses the problem of formation, and reconfiguration of multiple micro-satellite systems. A control scheme called the perceptive frame is adopted which integrates the decentralized feedback: of each satellite with on-line sensor information to achieve the goal of formationkeeping and intersatellite coordination. The new method has the advantages of relative position keeping and easy formation reconfiguration. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-5520-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2000 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR32L UT WOS:000166106200077 ER PT S AU Yakimenko, O Kaminer, I Lentz, W AF Yakimenko, O Kaminer, I Lentz, W GP AACC AACC AACC TI A three point algorithm for attitude and range determination using vision SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000) CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, US Natl Member Org, Int Federat Automat Control AB In this paper we discuss the development of a vision-based algorithm to determine the relative position and orientation of an aircraft with respect to a ship which has three visible points with known separation distances. Results of both a simulation and processed aircraft video data are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, O (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-5520-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2000 BP 1705 EP 1709 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR32L UT WOS:000166106200351 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM Piper, GE Baumann, DC AF O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM Piper, GE Baumann, DC GP AACC AACC AACC TI H infinity active noise control of fan noise in an acoustic duct SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000) CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, US Natl Member Org, Int Federat Automat Control AB In this paper, the problem of reducing fan related noise in an acoustic duct is considered. By installing magnetic bearings on the noise producing machinery, it is possible to colocate the anti-noise source with the disturbance noise source. This approach, allows for global noise reduction through out the duct system. Using H-infinity control theory, an active noise controller is designed that attains broadband as well as tonal noise reduction at all points along the duct. The controller design is based on a state space model identified from an infinite dimensional physical model. Simulation results demonstrate the global nature of this novel active noise control approach. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-5519-9; 0-7803-5520-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2000 BP 3028 EP 3032 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR32L UT WOS:000166106200621 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, F Ross, IM GP AACC AACC AACC TI Direct trajectory optimization by a Chebyshev pseudospectral method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000) CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, US Natl Member Org, Int Federat Automat Control ID COLLOCATION AB A Chebyshev pseudospectral method is presented in this paper for directly solving a generic optimal control problem with state and control constraints. This method employs Nth degree Lagrange polynomial approximations for the state and control variables with the values of these variables at the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) points as the expansion coefficients. This process yields a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) with the state and control values at the CGL points as unknown NLP parameters. Numerical examples demonstrate this method yields more accurate results than those obtained from the traditional collocation methods. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.navy.mil; imross@nps.navy.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-5519-9; 0-7803-5520-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2000 BP 3860 EP 3864 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BR32L UT WOS:000166106200793 ER PT S AU Senior, K Matsakis, D Breakiron, L AF Senior, K Matsakis, D Breakiron, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Frequency scales generated from carrier-phase GPS data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB The calibrated carrier-phase GPS technique promises time transfer between remote sites with 5-minute precision approaching 20 ps. Uncalibrated time transfers between many sites are routinely made available by the Earth Orientation Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory(USNO). Although important technical issues involving long-term accuracy and calibration are still being resolved, it is possible to generate sample time and frequency scales so as to anticipate the full power of the technique. Using minor extensions of the USNO's postprocessed extended-Percival algorithm SuperP [1], a carrier-phase-based frequency scale is generated and compared to local USNO timescales. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Senior, K (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 629 EP 636 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887427 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900106 ER PT S AU Swanson, TB Burt, EA Ekstrom, CR AF Swanson, TB Burt, EA Ekstrom, CR GP IEEE IEEE TI Preliminary results from the USNO cesium fountain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB We are pursuing a program that will integrate atomic fountain-based clocks into the U. S. Naval Observatory (USNO) Master Clock. We will present data from our cesium atomic fountain, including initial measurements of our device relative to an active hydrogen maser on both the clock transition and a magnetic field sensitive transition. As this maser is part of the USNO timing ensemble, we can easily relate the frequency and frequency stability of the fountain to any of our clocks or internal timescales. We will also present several possible continuous operation strategies for the incorporation of this new class of clock into the local clock ensemble. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Swanson, TB (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 672 EP 675 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887435 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900114 ER PT B AU Gordon, D Kiriakidis, K AF Gordon, D Kiriakidis, K GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive supervisory control of interconnected discrete event systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 2000 Conference on Control Applications and Computer-Aided Control Systems Design Symposium CY SEP 25-27, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, European Union Control Assoc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers AB Interconnected discrete event systems are able to model large-scale structures, such as in multi-agent applications. These structures, however, are often subject to change. At present, the literature on supervisory control offers only a few remedies for the synthesis of adaptive or robust discrete event systems. This paper proposes a novel approach to adaptive supervision for adaptive systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6563-1 PY 2000 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1109/CCA.2000.897589 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BR49F UT WOS:000166634800160 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM AF Sanchez, SM BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Robust design: Seeking the best of all possible worlds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int ID PARAMETER DESIGN; SIMULATION; TAGUCHI AB We describe a framework for analyzing simulation output in order to find solutions that will work well after implementation. We show how the use of a loss function that incorporates both system mean and system variability can be used to efficiently and effectively carry out system optimization and improvement efforts. For models whose behavior depends on quantitative factors, we illustrate how robust design can be accomplished by using simple experimental designs in conjunction with response-surface metamodels. The results can yield new insights into system behavior, and may lead to recommended system configurations that differ substantially from those selected by analysis solely on the basis of mean response. We assume a knowledge base at the level of Chapter 12 of Simulation Modeling and Analysis (Law and Kelton 2000) but will review essential elements and distribute illustrative examples at the session. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Syst Management Dept, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Syst Management Dept, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000012 ER PT B AU Conwell, CL Enright, R Stutzman, MA AF Conwell, CL Enright, R Stutzman, MA BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Capability maturity models support of modeling and simulation verification, validation, and accreditation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Both government and industry are involved in the acquisition and development of modeling and simulation (M&S) products. The effectiveness and maturity of an organization's acquisition process directly affect the cost, schedule, and quality of the M&S products that are delivered to the user. When M&S program sponsors implement best practices throughout acquisition, critical verification, and validation (V&V) tasks can be conducted without inordinate cost. Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction 5000.61 on M&S Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (VV&A) directs that M&S systems used for acquisition decisions will be verified, validated, and accredited (DoDI 1996). However, many M&S users are attempting to implement VV&A processes for legacy M&S systems that lack documentation and are finding the costs unsupportable, The Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute (SEI) has described processes involved in implementing and measuring capability in software acquisition and development. These Capability Maturity Models ((CMM) and Capability Maturity Model are trademarks registered by Carnegie Mellon University) when applied together ensure that the acquisition process is in place before the software development process is implemented. This paper discusses how the use of these two CMMs can improve DoD's ability to develop M&S with the customer's need for VV&A in mind. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Conwell, CL (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, Code PMW 131E,4301 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 819 EP 828 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000108 ER PT B AU Carr, JT Balci, O AF Carr, JT Balci, O BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Verification and validation of object-oriented artifacts throughout the simulation model development life cycle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The purpose of this paper is to present a series of questions (or indicators) for assessing the verity and validity of the artifacts produced during the entire object-oriented simulation model development life cycle. Using modern object-oriented development processes, artifacts developed in one phase flow seamlessly from those of the previous phase. This provides forward and backward traceability between artifacts. This inherent backward traceability has been exploited by tracing defects in artifacts back to their defective ancestral artifacts. Questions are then phrased such that when answered in the negative indicate the presence of defects. Use of the Evaluation Environment software tool facilitates the integration of the answers to the assessment questions and enables an overall evaluation. The collection of questions can be useful for the verification and validation of artifacts in any object-oriented simulation model development. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Carr, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code T12,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 866 EP 871 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000114 ER PT B AU Taylor, JG Yildirim, UZ Murphy, WS AF Taylor, JG Yildirim, UZ Murphy, WS BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Hierarchy-of-models approach for aggregated-force attrition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB This paper presents some innovations for overcoming shortcomings in the current state-of-the-art for the hierarchy-of-models approach to modeling aggregated-force attrition in ground-combat models. The basic concept of such an approach for modeling large-scale system behavior is presented, together with the theoretical underpinnings for modeling attrition in large-scale ground combat. The output of an entity-level discrete-event combat simulation is fit to a Lanchester-type aggregated-replay model. Use of a reliable statistical-estimation technique for determining model parameters is emphasized. The main innovation is to show how use of more detailed output data (e.g. line-of-sight (LOS) data) from the high-resolution simulation allows one to develop maximum-likelihood estimates. The methodology is applied to a current high-resolution DoD combat model, and a Lanchester-type aggregated-force replay model is developed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. RP Taylor, JG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93949 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 925 EP 932 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000122 ER PT B AU Buss, AH AF Buss, AH BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Component-based simulation modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int ID EVENT AB This paper presents a component-based framework for designing simulation models and discusses its implementation in a package called Simkit. In this framework, Components are defined to be monolith software entities that interact with other components in one of only three ways. Although seemingly restrictive, this approach supports more extensibility and customization of simulation models than conventional Object-Oriented design. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, AH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 964 EP 971 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000127 ER PT B AU Gates, WR McCarthy, MJ AF Gates, WR McCarthy, MJ BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI United States Marine Corps aerial refueling requirements analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The United States Marine Corps (USMC) currently operates a fleet of KC130 aerial refueling tanker aircraft. This paper uses queuing and simulation models to examine the USMC KC130 tanker requirement, contrasts the results and explores the budgetary implications of alternative fleet requirements. This analysis finds that queuing models don't account for some of the complexities of aerial refueling operations. Therefore, queuing models may miscalculate the KC130 requirement. Simulation models give a more accurate depiction of actual KC130 requirement. Further, by incorrectly specifying the requirement the USMC could be faced with significant operational and budgetary implications. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Syst Management Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gates, WR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Syst Management Dept, 555 Dyer Rd,Room 229, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 1075 EP 1081 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000142 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM Ferrin, DM Ogazon, T Sepulveda, JA Ward, TJ AF Sanchez, SM Ferrin, DM Ogazon, T Sepulveda, JA Ward, TJ BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Emerging issues in healthcare simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Despite the size and importance of the health care industry, simulation is less prevalent in health care than in other fields such as manufacturing, logistics, and military applications. Yet simulation clearly has the potential to play a role in health care decision-making at many levels. The purpose of this panel is to discuss some of the issues that practioners must be aware of in order to tap the potential of simulation in the health care arena. The panelists have extensive experience in health care and the use of simulation in that environment. They have provided statements outlining several key issues for achieving success in current and future health care simulation projects. These will serve as the starting point for discussion at the conference. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 1999 EP 2003 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000272 ER PT S AU Healey, AJ Kim, J AF Healey, AJ Kim, J GP IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY TI Control and random searching with multiple robots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-15, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, SIAM, INFORMS AB Modeling and Simulation is an important tool for the evaluation of new concept systems. in particular, new system concepts are being developed for minefield reconnaissance and neutralization using robot vehicles. Also, with an emphasis on low cost, these systems are being focussed on multi-robot capabilities using fleets of similar and dissimilar vehicles in cooperative behaviors. The problems of operating in the very shallow water areas (VSW) are increased by the action of waves and currents, uneven bottom topography, and noisy acoustic environments. This paper will discuss the elements of modeling and simulation methodology for the study of system performance analysis in minefield reconnaissance and object mapping in Very Shallow Water (VSW) environments. Crawling and swimming vehicles are considered, although the focus is on the first. Vehicle locomotion models are proposed. Wave and current models are discussed by reference to other ongoing research. The modeling of object detection sensors, and vehicle navigation sensors are also given. Using these principles given above, reference is made to the importance of two types of simulator - a graphics 'based visualization simulator that views the interactive behavior of robots and environmental objects, and a Monte Carlo low resolution simulator that allows the study of system effectiveness. In an example of a VSW operation with crawling vehicles, results are given that illustrates the effect of control logic parameters, on the time it takes to complete the reconnaissance mission. Also, other control parameters are studied including the effect of changes in the detection range of the primary sensor. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM healey@me.nps.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-6638-7 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2000 BP 340 EP 345 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics GA BT12Z UT WOS:000172029000062 ER PT S AU Kang, W Xi, N Sparks, A AF Kang, W Xi, N Sparks, A GP IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY TI Theory and applications of formation control in a perceptive referenced frame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-15, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, SIAM, INFORMS AB A general method of controller design is developed in this paper for the purpose of formation keeping and reconfiguration of multiple autonomous vehicles. Controllers are designed to keep multiple vehicles in a required formation, and to coordinate the vehicles in the presence of environmental changes. The method is applicable to a large variety of autonomous agents. Examples and simulations are given for ground vehicles, robotic arms and satellites. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-6638-7 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2000 BP 352 EP 357 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics GA BT12Z UT WOS:000172029000064 ER PT S AU Stilwell, DJ Bishop, BE AF Stilwell, DJ Bishop, BE GP IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY TI A strategy for controlling autonomous robot platoons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-15, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, SIAM, INFORMS ID DECENTRALIZED CONTROL; MOBILE-ROBOT AB Development of decentralized control systems for platoons of robotic vehicles often requires direct communication between vehicles. Using basic tools from the field of decentralized control, we develop a framework from which existence of vehicle controllers can be assessed for a given communication structure. This approach to control design allows us to investigate minimum inter-vehicle communication solutions. Simulation results are presented for a platoon of autonomous underwater vehicles. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stilwell, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-6638-7 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2000 BP 3483 EP 3488 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Robotics GA BT12Z UT WOS:000172029000629 ER PT B AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Joint shaping of quantization and hardware-mismatch errors in a multibit delta-sigma DAC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 43RD IEEE MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 2000 CL LANSING, MI SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect Engn ID CONVERTERS AB A recent sigma-delta modulator architecture incorporates spectral shaping of hardware-mismatch errors through redundancy introduced by embedding the input/output subspace in a higher-dimensional space for loop operation. Here basic design issues for the key vector quantizer and matrix-impulse-response loop filter are explored. A simple design example and simulation illustrate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6475-9 PY 2000 BP 664 EP 667 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT15J UT WOS:000172099300154 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Mathematical unification of dynamic-element-matching methods for spectral shaping of hardware-mismatch errors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 43RD IEEE MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 2000 CL LANSING, MI SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect Engn AB Multibit delta-sigma conversion requires an internal DAC so extraordinarily accurate that signal processing to move DAC hardware-mismatch error outside the signal band appears necessary. Here the error-shaping DACs reported previously are shown mathematically to be special cases of a general architecture convenient for analysis and simulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6475-9 PY 2000 BP 1260 EP 1263 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT15J UT WOS:000172099300293 ER EF