FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chanteau, S Rahalison, L Ratsitorahina, M Mahafaly Rasolomaharo, M Boisier, P O'Brien, T Aldrich, J Keleher, A Morgan, C Burans, J AF Chanteau, S Rahalison, L Ratsitorahina, M Mahafaly Rasolomaharo, M Boisier, P O'Brien, T Aldrich, J Keleher, A Morgan, C Burans, J TI Early diagnosis of bubonic plague using F1 antigen capture ELISA assay and rapid immunogold dipstick SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plague; F1 antigen; diagnosis; dipstick ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AGAR AB Plague is still prevalent in more than 20 countries. Two F1 antigen diagnostic assays tan immuno-capture ELISA and an immunogold chromatography dipstick) were evaluated using bubo aspirates, serum and urine specimens from patients suspected with plague. The specificity of the two F1 assays was found 100 %. Using bacteriology as a gold reference diagnostic assay, 52 patients were Yersinia pestis culture positive and 141 negative. The sensitivity of the F1 ELISA test was 100 % in bubo, 52 % in serum and 58 % in urine specimens. In culture negative patients, the F1 antigen could be found in 10 % bubo aspirates;, 5 % serum and 7 % urine specimens of culture negative patients for whom a seroconversion for anti-F1 antibodies was also observed. The sensitivity of the dipstick assay was 98 % on bubo aspirates specimens. Compared to the ELISA test, tbe agreement rate was 97.5 % and the correlation coefficient tau = 0.90 (p < 10(-3)). In conclusion, the diagnosis of bubonic plague has to be performed on bubo fluid rather than on serum or urine specimens. Both the F1 ELISA and the dipstick assays are valuable tools for an early diagnosis and for the surveillance of plague. C1 Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Plague, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Androva Hosp, Infect Dis Serv, Mahajanga, Malagasy Republ. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Chanteau, S (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Plague, POB 1274, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. RI BOISIER, PASCAL/A-2922-2009 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 290 IS 3 BP 279 EP 283 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 344MZ UT WOS:000088764600010 PM 10959730 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Webb, E Giermakowska, WK Jensen, FC Savary, JR Wallace, MR Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Webb, E Giermakowska, WK Jensen, FC Savary, JR Wallace, MR Carlo, DJ TI HIV-1-specific CD4 helper function in persons with chronic HIV-1 infection on antiviral drug therapy as measured by ELISPOT after treatment with an inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 in incomplete Freund's adjuvant SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 immunogen; remune; ELISPOT; CD4; IFN-gamma; antiviral drug therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RITONAVIR; SUPPRESSION; DISEASE AB Objective: We hypothesized that treatment of HIV-l-seropositive study subjects receiving potent antiviral therapy with an HIV-specific immune-based therapy would increase HIV-1-specific T-helper immune function. Design: 10 HIV-1-seropositive study subjects receiving antiretroviral therapy were treated with an inactivated, gp120-depleted immunogen in IFA (HIV-1 immunogen, Remune) at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Methods: The frequency of HIV-1 antigen-stimulated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)producing cells was determined by the ELISPOT assay. Results: Study subjects significantly increased their frequency of HIV-1-stimulated (p < .001) or p24 antigen-stimulated (p < .01) IFN-gamma-producing cells after one, two, and three treatments of HIV-1 immunogen. Depletion of CD4 cells resulted in the strongest abrogation of the IFN-gamma response. The frequency of HIV-1 (r = 0.64; p = .0002) and p24 (r = 0.72; p < .001) antigen-stimulated IFN-gamma-producing cells in the CDS-depleted population before and after treatment was associated with the lymphocyte-proliferative response. Conclusions: Treatment with HIV-1 immunogen significantly enhanced the frequency of HIV-1-specific IFN-gamma-producing cells. Studies are ongoing to determine the relationship between this reversal of HIV specific anergy and virologic outcomes. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Response Corp, 5935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 350DX UT WOS:000089086400010 PM 10969351 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Green, KA Toothman, DR Humenik, JA AF Kostoff, RN Green, KA Toothman, DR Humenik, JA TI Database tomography applied to an aircraft science and technology investment strategy SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Titan Corp, Semcor Div, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RSIS Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NOESIS Inc, Manassas, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 35,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 727 EP 730 DI 10.2514/2.2659 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 341LC UT WOS:000088591000024 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW Liu, WT AF Chu, PC Fan, CW Liu, WT TI Determination of vertical thermal structure from sea surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CHINA SEA; MODEL AB A recently developed parametric model by P. C. Chu et al. is used in this paper for determining subsurface thermal structure from satellite sea surface temperature observations. Based on a layered structure of temperature fields (mixed layer, thermocline, and lower layers), the parametric model transforms a vertical profile into several parameters: sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer depth (MLD), thermocline bottom depth (TBD), thermocline temperature gradient (TTG), and deep layer stratification (DLS). These parameters vary on different timescales: SST and MLD on scales of minutes to hours, TBD and TTG on months to seasons, and DLS on an even longer timescale. if the long timescale parameters such as TBD, TTD, and DLS are known (or given by climatological values), the degree of freedom of a vertical profile fitted by the model reduces to one: SST. When SST is observed, one may invert MLD, and, in turn, the vertical temperature profile with the known long timescale parameters: TBD, TTG, and DLS. The U.S. Navy's Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set (MOODS) for the South China Sea in May 1932-94 (10153 profiles) was used for the study. Among them, there are 40 data points collocating and coappearing (same week) with the weekly daytime NASA multichannel SST data in 1986-94. The 40 MOODS profiles were treated as a test dataset. The MOODS dataset excluding the test data is the training dataset, consisting of 10 113 profiles. The training dataset was processed into a dataset consisting of SST, MLD, TBD, TTG, and DLS using the parametric model. SST from the test dataset was used for the inversion based on the known information on TBD, TTG, and DLS. The 40 inverted profiles agreed quite well with the corresponding observed profiles. The rms error is 0.72 degrees C, and the correlation between the inverted and observed profiles is 0.79. This is much better than the simple method of estimating subsurface temperature anomaly from SST anomaly by correlating the two in the training dataset. The possibility of using this method globally is also discussed. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 17 IS 7 BP 971 EP 979 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0971:DOVTSF>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336RC UT WOS:000088315900008 ER PT J AU He, JK Binn, LN Tsarev, SA Hayes, CG Frean, JA Isaacson, M Innis, BL AF He, JK Binn, LN Tsarev, SA Hayes, CG Frean, JA Isaacson, M Innis, BL TI Molecular characterization of a hepatitis E virus isolate from Namibia SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; Namibia; genomic variation ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE; HEV; STRAINS; OUTBREAK; CLONING; INFECTION; BURMESE; REGIONS AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes sporadic and epidemic acute viral hepatitis in many developing countries. In Africa, hepatitis E has been documented by virus detection (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) in Egypt, Chad, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Cases of presumptive hepatitis E also have been documented by detection of antibody to HEV in the Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and South Africa. Recently, we reported the recovery of 9 isolates of HEV from feces collected during an outbreak of jaundice in Namibia, These specimens were stored frozen for many years at the South African Institute for Medical Research awaiting new methods to determine the etiology of jaundice. HEV genomic sequences were detected by antigen-capture RT-PCR with primers that amplified 2 independent regions of the HEV genome (ORF-2 and ORF-3). To further characterize the HEV 83-Namibia isolates, we determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the 3' end of the capsid gene (296 of 1,980 nt in ORF-2) and ORF-3 for 1 isolate. The capsid gene sequence shared 86% identity with the prototype Burma strain and up to 96% identity with other African strains at the (nt) level, and 99% identity with Burma or other Africa strains at the amino acid level. A 188 (nt) fragment amplified from ORF-3 was also highly homologous to other HEV but was too short for meaningful comparison. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HEV 83-Namibia is closely related to other African isolates, and differs from Burmese, Mexican and Chinese HEV. These data link the HEV causing the 1983 Namibia outbreak to more recent HEV transmission in northern and sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting this subgenotype of HEV is firmly established throughout the continent. Copyright (C) 2000 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG. Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. S Africa Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP He, JK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Bldg 503,Forney Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7770 J9 J BIOMED SCI JI J. Biomed. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 334 EP 338 DI 10.1007/BF02253253 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 336FY UT WOS:000088292300008 PM 10895057 ER PT J AU Bertrand, N Siren, AL Tworek, D McCarron, RM Spatz, M AF Bertrand, N Siren, AL Tworek, D McCarron, RM Spatz, M TI Differential expression of HSC73 and HSP72 mRNA and proteins between young and adult gerbils after transient cerebral ischemia: Relation to neuronal vulnerability SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE HSP72; HSC73; mRNA; proteins; ischemia; young; adult; hippocampus; neuronal damage; gerbils ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; NEONATAL HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT-BRAIN; C-FOS; GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION; FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA; OVER-EXPRESSION; STRESS PROTEINS; HIPPOCAMPUS AB This study presents a quantitative comparison of the time courses and regional distribution of both constitutive HSC73 and inducible HSP72 mRNA expression and their respective encoded proteins between young (3-week-old) and adult (3-month-old) gerbil hippocampus after transient global ischemia. The constitutive expression of HSC73 mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of the young sham-operated gerbils was significantly higher than in the adults. The HSC73 mRNA expression after ischemia in the CA1 layer of young gerbils was greater than in adult gerbils. HSC73 immunoreactivity was not significantly changed after ischemia-reperfusion in adult hippocampus, whereas it decreased in young gerbils. Ischemia-reperfusion led to induction of HSP72 mRNA expression throughout the hippocampus of both young and adult gerbils. HSP72 mRNA induction was more intense and sustained in the CA1 subfield of young gerbils; this was associated with a marked induction of HSP72 proteins and neuronal survival. The transient expression of HSP72 mRNA in the CA1 layer of adult gerbils was not associated with a subsequent synthesis of HSP72 protein but was linked to neuronal loss. Expression of HSP72 mRNA was shifted to an earlier period of reflow in CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) subfields of young animals. These findings suggest that the induction of both HSP72 mRNA and proteins in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of young gerbils, as well as the higher constitutive expression of HSC73, may partially contribute to higher neuronal resistance of young animals to transient cerebral ischemia. C1 NINDS, NIH, Stroke Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fac Pharm, Lab Pharmacodynamie, Dijon, France. USUHS, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Spatz, M (reprint author), NINDS, NIH, Stroke Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Siren, Anna-Leena/0000-0002-2217-0081 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1056 EP 1065 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 329NX UT WOS:000087914200005 PM 10908039 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI The chemical Langevin equation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The stochastic dynamical behavior of a well-stirred mixture of N molecular species that chemically interact through M reaction channels is accurately described by the chemical master equation. It is shown here that, whenever two explicit dynamical conditions are satisfied, the microphysical premise from which the chemical master equation is derived leads directly to an approximate time-evolution equation of the Langevin type. This chemical Langevin equation is the same as one studied earlier by Kurtz, in contradistinction to some other earlier proposed forms that assume a deterministic macroscopic evolution law. The novel aspect of the present analysis is that it shows that the accuracy of the equation depends on the satisfaction of certain specific conditions that can change from moment to moment, rather than on a static system size parameter. The derivation affords a new perspective on the origin and magnitude of noise in a chemically reacting system. It also clarifies the connection between the stochastically correct chemical master equation, and the deterministic but often satisfactory reaction rate equation. [S0021-9606(00)50925-8]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM GillespieDT@navair.navy.mil NR 21 TC 627 Z9 635 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 1 BP 297 EP 306 AR PII [S0021-9606(00)50925-8] DI 10.1063/1.481811 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 326TE UT WOS:000087750800036 ER PT J AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M Twigg, ME Thompson, PE Kuan, TS Inoki, CK AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M Twigg, ME Thompson, PE Kuan, TS Inoki, CK TI Compliant substrates: A comparative study of the relaxation mechanisms of strained films bonded to high and low viscosity oxides SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Compliant and Alternative Substrate Technology CY SEP 19-23, 1999 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res, DARPA, Boeing, HRL Labs, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE SiGe heteroepitaxy; compliant substrate; viscous flow; strain relaxation; SOI substrates ID DISLOCATION; SILICON; GLASSES; GROWTH; LAYERS AB Relaxation of compressively strained heteroepitaxial Si0.7Ge0.3 films bonded to high and low viscosity glass compliant layers was investigated. These structures were formed by transferring Si0.7Ge0.3 films to Si substrates covered with thermal SiO2 and borophosphorosilicate glass (BPSG) films. Relaxation was studied through thermal annealing experiments. For the low viscosity BPSG, relaxation was observed near 800 degrees C and was accompanied by buckling of the Si0.7Ge0.3 film. At this temperature, no change in the Si0.7Ge0.3 film bonded to thermal SiO2 was observed, and through this comparison relaxation on BPSG is interpreted as the result of viscous flow of the glass. Finally, film buckling was successfully avoided by patterning the strained films into small areas prior to annealing, and is an indication that film expansion must be considered for elastic strain relaxation on compliant media. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Inoki, Carlos K./0000-0002-8536-1678 NR 13 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 7 BP 897 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0177-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QQ UT WOS:000089057500003 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Montefalcon, R Lane, DA AF Stephens, MB Montefalcon, R Lane, DA TI The maternal perspective on prenatal ultrasound SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE ultrasonography, prenatal; prenatal care; patient expectations [non-MESH] ID PREGNANCY; TRIAL; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; COST; VIEW AB BACKGROUND Most women in the United States will have a routine sonogram during pregnancy. The medical necessity of this is debatable. The goal of our study was to examine maternal beliefs about prenatal sonography. METHODS We surveyed 150 prenatal patients at their paint of entry to maternity care at a large military medical center. The main outcome measures were the patient's desire for a prenatal sonogram, the reasons for wanting a sonogram, the number of sonograms wanted, and the patient's willingness to pay for the examination. RESULTS Of the 150 eligible subjects, 137 (91%) participated and 135 (98%) wanted a prenatal sonogram, Fifty-one (37%) of the respondents were willing to pay for the sonogram if it was not ordered by their provider. The reasons for wanting a sonogram (to determine the sex of the fetus, to ensure that the fetus was healthy, general maternal reassurance, and to ensure adequate fetal growth) were similar across age, race, and income (military rank). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that most women want a sonogram during pregnancy, and many are willing to pay for the examination. women appear to want sonograms for reasons that may not assist their provider with immediate clinical decision making. This is a potentially important disagreement bem een cost-saving and patient satisfaction that maternity care providers must consider when deciding whether to perform prenatal sonography for women with low-risk pregnancies. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015; Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 49 IS 7 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 345WN UT WOS:000088838300001 PM 10923568 ER PT J AU Raviprakash, K Porter, KR Kochel, RJ Ewing, D Simmons, M Phillips, I Murphy, GS Weiss, WR Hayes, CG AF Raviprakash, K Porter, KR Kochel, RJ Ewing, D Simmons, M Phillips, I Murphy, GS Weiss, WR Hayes, CG TI Dengue virus type 1 DNA vaccine induces protective immune responses in rhesus macaques SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NS1; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; ENVELOPE GENES; AOTUS MONKEYS; HEPATITIS-B; CPG DNA AB A candidate DNA vaccine expressing dengue virus type 1 pre-membrane and envelope proteins was used to immunize rhesus macaques. Monkeys were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) by three or four 1 mg doses of vaccine, respectively. Monkeys that were inoculated i.m. seroconverted more quickly and had higher antibody levels than those that were inoculated i.d. The sera exhibited virus-neutralizing activity, which declined over time. Four of the eight i.m.-inoculated monkeys were protected completely from developing viraemia when challenged 4 months after the last dose with homologous dengue virus. The other four monkeys had reduced viraemia compared with the control immunized monkeys. The i.d.-inoculated monkeys showed no reduction in viraemia when challenged with the virus. All vaccinated monkeys showed an anamnestic antibody response, indicating that they had established immunological memory. Vaccine-induced antibody had an avidity index similar to that of antibody induced by virus infection; however, no clear correlation was apparent between antibody avidity and virus neutralization titres. C1 USN, Virol Program, Dept Infect Dis, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Raviprakash, K (reprint author), USN, Virol Program, Dept Infect Dis, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Rm 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 49 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 81 BP 1659 EP 1667 PN 7 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 327RW UT WOS:000087807700003 PM 10859370 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Oxley, J Smith, J Bedford, C Chapman, R AF Zhang, J Oxley, J Smith, J Bedford, C Chapman, R TI Mass spectral fragmentation pathways in cyclic difluoramino and nitro compounds SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE difluoramine; nitro compounds; explosives; collision-induced dissociation; fragmentation pathways ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE; NITRAMINES AB The recently synthesized compounds 4,4-bis(difluoramino)-1-nitropiperidine (I), 1,4,4-trinitropiperidine (II), 1,1,4,4-tetranitrocyclohexane (III), 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(difluoramino)cyclohexane (TV) and 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine (HNFX, V) are being considered as potential energetic materials. The mass spectra of these compounds were studied using electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry, A collision-induced dissociation (CID) study of the major EI peaks was carried out using a Finnigan TSQ 700 tandem mass spectrometer, The mass fragmentation pathways are constructed and discussed. The decomposition of HNFX (V), under EI, appeared to parallel the thermal decomposition of nitramines where N-NO2 cleavage is often the first step. However, the two nitramines with a six-membered ring structure (I and II) underwent initial Loss of a geminal substituent; loss of a nitramine nitro group was the secondary step. The two cyclohexane structures (III and IV) showed similar initial fragmentation pathways, featuring successive losses of nitro or difluoramino groups. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93556 USA. RP Smith, J (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 35 IS 7 BP 841 EP 852 DI 10.1002/1096-9888(200007)35:7<841::AID-JMS8>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 340QB UT WOS:000088544900009 ER PT J AU Fishman, L de Hoop, MV van Stralen, MJN AF Fishman, L de Hoop, MV van Stralen, MJN TI Exact constructions of square-root Helmholtz operator symbols: The focusing quadratic profile SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PATH INTEGRAL-REPRESENTATIONS; PARABOLIC WAVE THEORIES; J-MATRIX METHOD; SCATTERING; EQUATION; APPROXIMATIONS; FACTORIZATION; ALGORITHMS; DERIVATION; ACOUSTICS AB Operator symbols play a pivotal role in both the exact, well-posed, one-way reformulation of solving the (elliptic) Helmholtz equation and the construction of the generalized Bremmer coupling series. The inverse square-root and square-root Helmholtz operator symbols are the initial quantities of interest in both formulations, in addition to providing the theoretical framework for the development and implementation of the "parabolic equation" (PE) method in wave propagation modeling. Exact, standard (left) and Weyl symbol constructions are presented for both the inverse square-root and square-root Helmholtz operators in the case of the focusing quadratic profile in one transverse spatial dimension, extending (and, ultimately, unifying) the previously published corresponding results for the defocusing quadratic case [J. Math. Phys. 33, 1887-1914 (1992)]. Both (i) spectral (modal) summation representations and (ii) contour-integral representations, exploiting the underlying periodicity of the associated, quantum mechanical, harmonic oscillator problem, are derived, and, ultimately, related through the propagating and nonpropagating contributions to the operator symbol. High- and low-frequency, asymptotic operator symbol expansions are given along with the exact symbol representations for the corresponding operator rational approximations which provide the basis for the practical computational realization of the PE method. Moreover, while the focusing quadratic profile is, in some respects, nonphysical, the corresponding Helmholtz operator symbols, nevertheless, establish canonical symbol features for more general profiles containing locally-quadratic wells. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0022-2488(00)06007-2]. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Plasma Opt Fibre BV, NL-5651 CA Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Fishman, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 41 IS 7 BP 4881 EP 4938 DI 10.1063/1.533384 PG 58 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 326EW UT WOS:000087720600047 ER PT J AU Carroll, SA Carr, LE Mallinson, ET Lamichanne, C Rice, BE Rollins, DM Joseph, SW AF Carroll, SA Carr, LE Mallinson, ET Lamichanne, C Rice, BE Rollins, DM Joseph, SW TI A colony lift immunoassay for the specific identification and quantification of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; detection; quantification ID SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; FOODS; HYBRIDIZATION; ENUMERATION; ANTIGEN AB A colony lift immunoassay (CLI) has been developed to detect Listeria monocytogenes after the organisms have been cultured on filter membranes or agar plates. Polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (PVDF) (Millipore, Bedford, MA), used in the CLI, were prewet with methanol and used to imprint colonies that were grown on the filter or agar plates. A positive control was applied to the edge of each membrane. The imprinted membranes were subsequently air dried, peroxidase neutralized, blocked, and reacted for 20 min with a 2-mu g/ml unconjugated Mab EM-7G1 solution. The membranes were washed briefly and reacted for 30 min with a 1:2000 dilution of a commercially prepared peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (Kirkegaard and Ferry Laboratories (KPL), Gaithersburg, MD). After a second wash step, the membranes were exposed to a 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine membrane substrate (KPL), rinsed in deionized water, and allowed to dry. Colonies of L. monocytogenes were identified by a blue color reaction on the membrane, which could be used to reference the colonies either on the filter membranes or agar plates. The CLI was tested against a wide range of Listeria species as well as several non-listeria species and was shown to have a high degree of sensitivity (96%) and specificity (90%). We have shown that it is useful as a simple and rapid method to detect and identify L. monocytogenes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Reg Coll Vet Med, VPI,UMD, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. KPL Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Joseph, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2000 VL 41 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(00)00143-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 338GP UT WOS:000088411000005 PM 10889311 ER PT J AU Roy, GD AF Roy, GD TI Utilization of high-density strained hydrocarbon fuels for propulsion SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Advanced Energy Conversion Systems and Related Technologies (RAN98) CY DEC 01-03, 1998 CL NAGOYA UNIV, NAGOYA, JAPAN HO NAGOYA UNIV ID DIFFUSION FLAMES AB To increase the range of liquid-hydrocarbon-fueled ramjets and cruise missiles, a new class of high-density strained hydrocarbon fuels has been synthesized and characterized. By virtue of the increased density and additional strain energy introduced during synthesis, these fuels have increased the volumetric heat of combustion. The oxidation chemistry and short-term and long-term stability for storage of these fuels have been studied. Because of the high carbon-content-to-hydrogen ratio of the molecules, there is an increased tendency for sooting. Several methods have been identified to eliminate this problem. These include sequential timed fuel injection, retarded fuel-stream velocities, and the use of additives. It has been shown that soot generation and transport can be con trolled and that these fuels microexplode rapidly, thus offering potential for utilization in propulsion systems to obtain increased range. C1 Off Naval Res, Energy Convers Prop Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Roy, GD (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Energy Convers Prop Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 546 EP 551 DI 10.2514/2.5632 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 336NJ UT WOS:000088308900003 ER PT J AU Fedderly, JJ Lee, GF Lee, JD Hartmann, B Dusek, K Duskova-Smrckova, M Somvarsky, J AF Fedderly, JJ Lee, GF Lee, JD Hartmann, B Dusek, K Duskova-Smrckova, M Somvarsky, J TI Network structure dependence of volume and glass transition temperature SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY OCT, 1999 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN SP Soc Rheol ID POLYURETHANES; RELAXATION AB A series of polyurethanes was used to determine the molar contributions of chain ends (CE) and branch points (BP) to free volume and glass transition temperature T-g. The polyurethanes were copolymers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) with hydroxyl functionalities of one, two, and three. The equivalent weights of all the PPOs were equal, such that the chemical composition of the chain segments was essentially identical. Therefore, the only distinctions among polymers were differences in CE and BP concentration. Theory of branching processes computer simulations were used to determine the concentration of CE due to imperfect network formation. Other CE contributions were from the monofunctional PPO. Polymer volumes and T(g)s were correlated to CE and BP concentrations, and the contributions of these species were determined from least squares fits. The molar volume and T-g contributions were then used to determine free volume thermal expansion coefficients. These values were compared to thermal expansion coefficients obtained from WLF parameters (c(1),c(2)) obtained from the measurement of dynamic moduli as a function of temperature. (C) 2000 The Society of Rheology. [S0148-6055(00)01204-9]. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Fedderly, JJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Duskova-Smrckova, Miroslava/I-5530-2014; Dusek, Karel /I-5692-2014 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 961 EP 972 DI 10.1122/1.551122 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 332NJ UT WOS:000088080100018 ER PT J AU Mondry, TE Johnstone, PAS AF Mondry, TE Johnstone, PAS TI Cutaneous angiosarcoma in an irradiated breast after breast conservation therapy for cancer: Association with chronic breast lymphedema - Commentary SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mondry, TE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 212 EP 213 PG 2 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 339QV UT WOS:000088490200011 ER PT J AU Hartmann, B Lee, GF Balizer, E AF Hartmann, B Lee, GF Balizer, E TI Calculation of B/A for n-alkane liquids using the Tait equation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The BIA parameter of acoustic nonlinearily was calculated for a series of n-alkane liquids using the Tait PVT equation of state supplemented with specific heat data. The calculations of sound speed, sound speed derivatives, the two components of B/A, and the value of B/A itself were compared with experimental data taken from the literature and with earlier calculations using a different equation of state. In addition, a comparison of the results with Ballou's rule (linear relation of B/A and reciprocal sound speed) was made. It is concluded that B/A can be calculated from the Tait equation of state with about the same accuracy as direct measurements of sound speed versus pressure and temperature, though the the temperature derivatives of the sound speed are calculated with much lower accuracy than pressure derivatives. The calculations made using the Tait equation are about the same accuracy as calculations made using our equation of state. Also, Ballou's rule does not hold for these liquids. [S0001-4966(00)05606-X]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Polymer Sci Grp, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Hartmann, B (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Polymer Sci Grp, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1121/1.429444 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 332BV UT WOS:000088054100006 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Schlundt, CE Carder, DA Clark, JA Young, JA Gaspin, JB Ridgway, SH AF Finneran, JJ Schlundt, CE Carder, DA Clark, JA Young, JA Gaspin, JB Ridgway, SH TI Auditory and behavioral responses of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) to impulsive sounds resembling distant signatures of underwater explosions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEARING THRESHOLDS; NOISE AB A behavioral response paradigm was used to measure masked underwater hearing thresholds in two bottlenose dolphins and one beluga whale before and after exposure to impulsive underwater sounds with waveforms resembling distant signatures of underwater explosions. An array of piezoelectric transducers was used to generate impulsive sounds with waveforms approximating those predicted from 5 or 500 kg HEX-1 charges at ranges from 1.5 to 55.6 km. At the conclusion of the study, no temporary shifts in masked-hearing thresholds (MTTSs), defined as a 6-dB or larger increase in threshold over pre-exposure levels, had been observed at the highest impulse level generated (500 kg at 1.7 km, peak pressure 70 kPa); however, disruptions of the animals' trained behaviors began to occur at exposures corresponding to 5 kg at 9.3 km and 5 kg at 1.5 km for the dolphins and 500 kg at 1.9 km for the beluga whale. These data are the first direct information regarding the effects of distant underwater explosion signatures on the hearing abilities of odontocetes. [S0001-4966(00)04807-4]. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D351, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Maritime Serv Div, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr D351, 49620 Beluga Rd,Room 204, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP 417 EP 431 DI 10.1121/1.429475 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 332BV UT WOS:000088054100039 PM 10923904 ER PT J AU Mondragon, RM Barrett, TL AF Mondragon, RM Barrett, TL TI Current concepts: The use of immunoperoxidase techniques in Mohs micrographic surgery SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS; LENTIGO-MALIGNA; MARGIN CONTROL; CELL CARCINOMA; EXCISION; INFLAMMATION; MELANOMA AB Mohs micrographic surgery is used for the removal of certain malignant tumors, both ensuring complete excision by histologic examination of margins as well as minimizing normal tissue loss. Recently, several investigators have incorporated the use of immunoperoxidase techniques to aid in the removal of selected high-risk carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas. We describe the basic principles of immunoperoxidase and review recent articles in which immunoperoxidase was used as an adjunct to routine hematoxylin-eosin staining in Mohs micrographic surgery. Additionally, we show examples of selected tumors comparing routine hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunoperoxidase. We believe the use of immunoperoxidase can be of significant value in the removal of certain high-risk tumors. In particular, this technique is useful in "unmasking" malignant cells in areas of dense inflammation, identification of some cases of perineural invasion, identification of pagetoid spread in carcinomas and melanomas, and finally in helping to identify subtle margins in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Barrett, TL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 43 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1067/mjd.2000.104686 PN 1 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 329RW UT WOS:000087922500010 PM 10863226 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Leonard, DN Dressick, WJ Calvert, JM Sims, CW AF Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Brandow, SL Leonard, DN Dressick, WJ Calvert, JM Sims, CW TI Patterned metallization of diamond and alumina substrates SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; FILMS; CATALYSTS; CONTACTS; PH AB High-density microeletronics increasingly requires advanced cooling strategies to ensure reliable, high performance. The use of substrates with high thermal conductivity, e.g., diamond, is an attractive approach to managing heat dissipation; however, the fabrication of metal circuitry on diamond films is hindered by the chemical inertness of the surface, In this paper, we present an additive, channel constrained metallization process for the fabrication of metal circuitry on diamond surfaces. We address several issues specific to this application, including photoresist lithography and metal adhesion on subatrates with significant surface roughness (peak-to-valley roughness similar to 4 to 5 mu m) and the fabrication of circuitry with sufficient electrical conductivity. Fabricated circuitry exhibits suitable resolution (similar to 10 mu m), metal thickness (greater than or equal to 2 mu m), effective electrical resistivity (similar to 10 mu Omega-cm for composite Ni/Cu/Au traces), and adhesion (passes tape peel test) fur operation at power levels of at least 22 W (i.e., 1 A, 22 V) without failure or delamination. Thermal modeling and IR images of operating circuitry show an similar to 50% decrease in component junction temperature rise (from ambient) on diamond (k similar to 1200 W/m K) vs. alumina (k similar to 20 W/m K), consistent with thermal conductivity differences between these substrate materials. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Shipley Co Inc, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 147 IS 7 BP 2607 EP 2610 DI 10.1149/1.1393576 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 333HX UT WOS:000088125800030 ER PT J AU Singh, S Kalan, MMH Moreyra, CE Buckman, RF AF Singh, S Kalan, MMH Moreyra, CE Buckman, RF TI Diaphragmatic rupture presenting 50 years after the traumatic event SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; HERNIA; RECOGNITION; MANAGEMENT; INJURIES C1 Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Temple Univ Hosp, Shock Trauma Serv, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Harbourside Med Tower,Suite 430, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1097/00005373-200007000-00025 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 335LH UT WOS:000088244600036 PM 10912874 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Simon, TW AF Volino, RJ Simon, TW TI Spectral measurements in transitional boundary layers on a concave wall under high and low free-stream turbulence conditions SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID BYPASS TRANSITION; CURVATURE AB The relationship between free-stream turbulence and boundary layer behavior has been investigated using spectral measurements. The power spectral densities of turbulence quantities in transitional and fully turbulent boundary layers were computed and compared to the power spectra of the same quantities measured in the free stream. Comparisons were made using the "transfer function." The transfer function is the ratio of two spectra at each frequency in the spectra. Comparisons were done in flows with low (0.6 percent) and high (8 percent) free-stream turbulence intensities. Evidence was gathered that suggests that relatively low-frequency, large-scale eddies in the free stream buffet the boundary layer, causing boundary layer unsteadiness ata the same low frequencies. These fluctuations are present in both transitional and fully turbulent boundary layers. They are seen under both high and low free-stream turbulence conditions, although they are stronger in the high-turbulence case. Examination of the turbulent shear stress suggests that the low-frequency fluctuations enhance transport in the boundary layer but they are not so effective in promoting eddy transport as are turbulent eddies reproduced and residing within the boundary layer. In the fully-turbulent boundary layer, higher-frequency fluctuations are added to the low-frequency unsteadiness. These higher-frequency fluctuations, not seen in the transitional boundary layer, are associated wit turbulence production in the boundary layer and appear not be directly related to free-stream unsteadiness. [S0889-504X(00)00403-7]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Heat Transfer Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1115/1.1303075 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NK UT WOS:000167106500011 ER PT J AU Shaw, J AF Shaw, J TI Effects of surface oxides on field emission from silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE GENERATION; DIOXIDE FILMS; FABRICATION; PERFORMANCE; MODEL AB This report documents energy distribution measurements of field emission from single-tip Si field emitter arrays. The emission energy distributions are much broader than clean metal distributions, extending several volts below the Fermi level and often including multiple peak structure. The peak positions typically move to lower energy as the gate voltage is increased, however, the emission history as well as the emission current and/or gate voltage can change the energy as well as intensity of the energy distributions. Changes in the distribution including shifts to higher energy occur suddenly and spontaneously as well as slowly during emission. These results show that the emission comes from oxide and interface states, which refill at a finite rate, limiting the emission current. Changes in the local electric potential due to single charges becoming trapped in the oxide account for large and discrete changes in the emission distribution. [S0734-211X(00)07603-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1817 EP 1824 DI 10.1116/1.1306301 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 345UW UT WOS:000088834400001 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, CP AF Ratcliffe, CP TI A frequency and curvature based experimental method for locating damage in structures SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; DEFECTS AB This paper presents a method for locating structural damage using experimental vibration data The method uses measured frequency response functions to obtain displacement as a function of frequency. The displacement functions are converted to curvature functions, which are further processed to yield a damage index, displayed on a plot of position versus frequency. The method can be applied when there is no a priori knowledge aborts the undamaged structure, and it is suitable for automation, This paper details the theory of the broadband method, and the results of an experimental demonstration in which a steel beam was damaged with a narrow slot. It is shown that this proposed damage detection method is highly sensitive, and can locate a very small amount of damage. For example, the narrow slot was correctly located when there was only a 0.8 percent reduction in thickness in the beam. Traditionally, damage causes a change in natural frequencies, but at this small level of damage the frequency changes were within experimental error. Other published methods failed to locate the slot until it was significantly deeper. [S0739-3717(00)01403-3]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ratcliffe, CP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1115/1.1303121 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 402UP UT WOS:000167006800018 ER PT J AU Kral, MV Mangan, MA Spanos, G Rosenberg, RO AF Kral, MV Mangan, MA Spanos, G Rosenberg, RO TI Three-dimensional analysis of microstructures SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY AB When using traditional metallographic techniques, materials scientists often make assumptions about the shape, distribution, and connectivity of three-dimensional (3D) features that lie buried within the material. Recent work has shown that these assumptions can be incorrect. An approach to 3D analysis of microstructures is demonstrated here in three different alloy steels. Proeutectoid cementite, ferrite, and an entire pearlite colony were characterized using computer-aided visualization of 3D reconstructions from serial section images. The present article describes various experimental techniques, as well as recent results and advances in computer-aided reconstruction and visualization. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kral, MV (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 21 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00046-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 367HQ UT WOS:000090056000002 ER PT J AU Batra, N AF Batra, N TI NDT simulation and visualization on personal computers - An introduction SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batra, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 58 IS 7 BP 876 EP 876 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 332RN UT WOS:000088087400005 ER PT J AU Calvetti, D Golub, GH Gragg, WB Reichel, L AF Calvetti, D Golub, GH Gragg, WB Reichel, L TI Computation of Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rules SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Jacobi matrix; inverse eigenvalue problem; divide-and-conquer algorithm; generalized Gauss-Kronrod rule ID EIGENPROBLEM; POLYNOMIALS AB Recently Laurie presented a new algorithm for the computation of (2n + 1)-point Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rules with real nodes and positive weights. This algorithm first determines a symmetric tridiagonal matrix of order 2n + 1 from certain mixed moments, and then computes a partial spectral factorization. We describe a new algorithm that does not require the entries of the tridiagonal matrix to be determined, and thereby avoids computations that can be sensitive to perturbations. Our algorithm uses the consolidation phase of a divide-and-conquer algorithm for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenproblem. We also discuss how the algorithm can be applied to compute Kronrod extensions of Gauss-Radau and Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rules. Throughout the paper we emphasize how the structure of the algorithm makes efficient implementation on parallel computers possible. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the algorithm. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Math, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Calvetti, D (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Math, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM dxc57@po.cwru.edu; golub@chebyshev.stanford.edu; gragg@nps.navy.mil; reichel@mcs.kent.edu NR 16 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 69 IS 231 BP 1035 EP 1052 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-00-01174-1 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 325DN UT WOS:000087661200007 ER PT J AU Aunapu, NV Volino, RJ Flack, KA AF Aunapu, NV Volino, RJ Flack, KA TI Surface flow visualization of a scaled-up turbine blade passage SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface flow visualization; gas turbine engines ID TRANSPORT; ENDWALL AB Surface dow visualization results are presented for the endwall and suction-side blade of a turbine blade passage. The passage consists of two adjacent blades with inlet how control to model a multi-blade cascade. Flow visualization was performed with established methods utilizing ink dots and solvent, and oil and black powder. The flow features captured using these techniques include the horseshoe vortex and its migration across the passage to impinge on the neighbouring blade, endwall cross flow and the endwall saddle point. The methodology for using these techniques in a low-speed wind tunnel is discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM flack@usna.navy.mil RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 11 IS 7 BP 987 EP 991 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/11/7/314 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 339FT UT WOS:000088467500015 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Liu, CT TI Prediction of initial crack size in particulate composites with a circular hole SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS COMPOSITES; DAMAGE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edward AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0093-6413(00)00113-0 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 352CP UT WOS:000089197200006 ER PT J AU Steeds, JW Charles, SJ Gilmore, AC Butler, JE AF Steeds, JW Charles, SJ Gilmore, AC Butler, JE TI Extended and point defects in diamond studied with the aid of various forms of microscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE transmission electron microscopy; photoluminescence microscopy; Raman microscopy; scanned ion beam mass spectrometry (SIMS); stress measurement; grain boundaries; self-interstitials; vacancies; diamond; impurities ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CVD DIAMOND; SELF-INTERSTITIALS; BORON AB It is shown that star disclinations can be a significant source of stress in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond. This purely geometrical origin contrasts with other sources of stress that have been proposed previously. The effectiveness is demonstrated of the use of electron irradiation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to displace atoms from their equilibrium sites to investigate intrinsic defects and impurities in CVD diamond. After irradiation, the samples are studied by low temperature photoluminescence microscopy using UV or blue laser illumination. Results are given that are interpreted as arising from isolated <100> split self-interstitials and positively charged single vacancies. Negatively charged single vacancies can also be revealed by this technique. Nitrogen and boron impurities may also be studied similarly. In addition, a newly developed liquid gallium source scanned ion beam mass spectrometry (SIMS) instrument has been used to map out the B distribution in B doped CVD diamond specimens. The results are supported by micro-Raman spectroscopy. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 6 IS 4 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 335QK UT WOS:000088255600002 ER PT J AU Wagner, GN AF Wagner, GN TI Letters of Welcome - Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections System, Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Wagner, GN (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP V EP V PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200003 ER PT J AU Ryan, M Gray, G Hawksworth, A Malasig, M Hudspeth, M Poddar, S AF Ryan, M Gray, G Hawksworth, A Malasig, M Hudspeth, M Poddar, S TI The Naval Health Research Center Respiratory Disease Laboratory SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol ID MILITARY TRAINEES; RISK-FACTORS; PENICILLIN-G; PROPHYLAXIS; BENZATHINE; PNEUMONIA; PERSONNEL AB Concern about emerging and reemerging respiratory pathogens prompted the development of a respiratory disease reference laboratory at the Naval Health Research Center. Professionals working in this laboratory have instituted population-based surveillance for pathogens that affect military trainees and responded to threats of increased respiratory disease among high-risk military groups. Capabilities of this laboratory that are unique within the Department of Defense include adenovirus testing by viral shell culture and microneutralization serotyping, influenza culture and hemagglutination inhibition serotyping, and other special testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes. Mycoplasma pneumonia, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Projected capabilities of this laboratory include more advanced testing for these pathogens and testing for other emerging pathogens, including Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type B. Such capabilities make the laboratory a valuable resource for military public health. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, M (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 32 EP 34 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200013 PM 10920635 ER PT J AU Wang, L Menting, JGT Stowers, A Charoenvit, Y Sacci, JB Coppel, RL AF Wang, L Menting, JGT Stowers, A Charoenvit, Y Sacci, JB Coppel, RL TI Antigens cross reactive with Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 4 are found in pre-erythrocytic and sexual stages SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; MSP4; SALSA; stage-specific expression; shared epitope ID LIVER STAGES; GENE; CHROMOSOME-2; SPOROZOITE; EPITOPES; CLONING; YOELII C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 109 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00248-6 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 340QE UT WOS:000088545300012 PM 10960179 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL AF Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL TI Simulated impacts of a mesoscale convective system on the track of Typhoon Robyn during TCM-93 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; WARM-CORE VORTEX; SCALE VORTICES; 2 DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; GENESIS AB The contribution that a mesoscale convective vortex that developed within the circulation of Typhoon Robyn (1993) may have had to a significant tropical cyclone track change is simulated with a mesoscale model using initial conditions that approximate the circulations measured by aircraft during the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-93) field experiment. A dry version of the PSU-NCAR Mesoscare Model is used to first investigate the dynamic aspects of the interaction. A deceleration of about 2 m s(-1) and then more northward movement, similar to that observed for Typhoon Robyn, could have been produced by an interaction with the mesoscale convective vortex of the type modeled in the control run. Sensitivity of the simulated track change is tested for various aspects of the mesoscale vortex and tropical cyclone. It is found that track deflections between 67 and 130 km in 18-24 h could be produced under a variety of realistic scenarios. As the mesoscale vortex is advected around the tropical cyclone by the cyclonic winds, it is also being filamented by the horizontal shear of the tropical cyclone outer winds. Whereas the rate at which the vortex is advected about the tropical cyclone is critical to the amount of curvature of the tropical cyclone track deflection, the timescale of the filamentation of the mesoscale vortex is critical to the longevity of the track deflection, and thus maintenance of the vortex is a crucial factor. For the same tropical cyclone and separation distance, the track deflections are greater for a larger, deeper, and more intense mesoscale vortex. Far the same mesoscale vortex, a variety of track deflections is possible, depending on the outer wind structure of the tropical cyclone due to both the advective effect and to the change in the gradient of vorticity. For a large tropical cyclone, positive vorticity extends farther from the core region, and the curvature of the track deflection is greater than for a smaller tropical cyclone where the vorticity becomes anticyclonic at smaller radii. Although a large initial effect on the tropical cyclone path occurs for small separation distances, the mesoscale vortex is rapidly filamented so that effects on the tropical cyclone track are negligible by 12 h. For larger separation distances, the mesoscale vortex does not filament as rapidly, and a smaller but longer lasting track deflection is simulated. When the control simulation is extended to a beta plane, it is found that the primary contribution to the tropical cyclone track change is still due to the interaction with the mesoscale convective vortex. However, a secondary effect due to a nonlinear interaction between the beta gyres and the mesoscale convective vortex adds a small component of propagation to the tropical cyclone that becomes significant after about 15 h of simulation. C1 USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ritchie, EA (reprint author), USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Code MR-Ri,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 128 IS 7 BP 2232 EP 2251 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2232:SIOAMC>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386JU UT WOS:000166058400010 ER PT J AU Calvano, CN Jons, O Keane, RG AF Calvano, CN Jons, O Keane, RG TI Systems engineering in naval ship design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Awareness and discussion of systems engineering has grown dramatically in recent years, yet many of us involved in the development of complex systems find it somewhat difficult to reconcile the broad, abstract principles of systems engineering with the much more concretely understood steps involved in the engineering of our systems of interest Me authors attempt to show how systems engineering can be understood to relate to the engineering process for Navy ships. A background discussion of systems engineering definitions and methods is followed by a discussion of the fundamentals of systems and the nature of systems thinking. he process of engineering systems is presented as an iterative "design, analyze, decide" loop, which is discussed in its simplest form as well as in its application to a complex system. The role of various design and analysis disciplines is introduced. Systems engineering is related to the engineering process by showing that the systems engineering process of requirements flow down through functional allocation is critical to the validity and currency of the input to the engineering process. In addition, the application of systems thinking to the decision making inherent in the engineering process is shown to be a second critical area for the application of systems engineering. Finally, special considerations are discussed pertaining to systems engineering of naval ships as, possibly, the most complex manmade mobile systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Calvano, CN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 112 IS 4 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GR UT WOS:000179925900002 ER PT J AU Myer, VA AF Myer, VA TI Warfighter needs in the 21st century: Linking Fleet operations to required capabilities SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB What the warfighter needs is not what he is getting in terms of responsiveness to the emerging threat, interoperability among systems, and systems readiness and training. This disconnect between Fleet operations and the acquisition requirements process is becoming more pronounced as systems grow larger and more complex and as warfighting becomes more joint. Knowing what the warfighter wants and how he envisions using it in a concept of operations is fundamental to the requirements process. The source of this information is the commander in chief's (CINC's) operations plan (OPLAN), which contains the concept of operations (CONOPS) for each warfighting theater. It is critical that the CONOPS be used as the basis for determining performance requirements, because it contains the military judgment, context, and authority of the theater CINC. The defunct Arsenal Ship program, which was tightly vetoed by the theater CINCs because it would not meet their warfighting needs at acceptable risk, is a recent example of the mismatch between what is being asked for and what is being provided. C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 112 IS 4 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GR UT WOS:000179925900005 ER PT J AU Pehlivan, H AF Pehlivan, H TI Want energy conservation? Try incentive SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper will prove that a monetary incentive approach to achieve energy conservation works. With the recent rise in energy costs because of the acts of oil producing foreign counties, this subject is very timely. The objective of U.S. Navy shipboard energy conservation is to make ships more fuel efficient to help stretch the fuel budget dollars as far as possible and also make ships more environmentally friendly. This goal has been the cornerstone of machinery and hull R&D and Fleet operational improvements. In support of this quest, the NAVSEA incentivized Energy Conservation (ENCON) program has been established, which focuses upon Fleet and ship operational improvements. This paper will provide brief discussions on the incentivized ENCON Program, program elements, and suggestions to institutionalize a similar program for ships operated by the Military Sealift Command, U.S. Army, U.S. Coast Guard, and National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration. A similar incentivized ENCON program can also be implemented for friendly nations' naval ships. It is also believed that commercial shipping companies can use the incentive concept to operate their ships more efficiently. C1 USN, Boiler Program, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Pehlivan, H (reprint author), USN, Boiler Program, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 112 IS 4 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GR UT WOS:000179925900013 ER PT J AU Elliott-Brown, JA AF Elliott-Brown, JA TI The measure of performance in logistics acquisition SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Acquisition reform initiatives changed the way we buy logistics are bought Structured military standards and regulations were replaced with performance specifications to enable determination up front of the best logistics resources for a system as a function of the systems engineering process. ne emphasis is on planning the acquisition to know "what, how, when, where, and why" before the contract is written. The need is to incorporate "guidance" in the contract to eliminate future supportability and sustainability issues and problems. The goal is to reduce redundancies in deliverables, use and enhance what is available, and to be flexible and innovative in meeting logistics requirements. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Port Hueneme Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. RP Elliott-Brown, JA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Port Hueneme Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 112 IS 4 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GR UT WOS:000179925900015 ER PT J AU Stellman, CM Hazel, GG Bucholtz, F Michalowicz, JV Stocker, A Schaaf, W AF Stellman, CM Hazel, GG Bucholtz, F Michalowicz, JV Stocker, A Schaaf, W TI Real-time hyperspectral detection and cuing SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; imaging; reconnaissance; surveillance; real-time detection ID IMAGERY AB The Dark HORSE 1 (Hyperspectral Overhead Reconnaissance and Surveillance Experiment 1) flight test has demonstrated autonomous, real-time visible hyperspectral detection of military ground targets with real-time cuing of a high-resolution framing camera. An overview of the Dark HORSE 1 hyperspectral sensor system is presented. The system hardware components are described in detail, with an emphasis on the visible hyperspectral sensor and the real-time processor. Descriptions of system software and processing methods are also provided. The recent field experiment in which the Dark HORSE 1 system was employed is described in detail along with an analysis of the collected data. The results evince per-pixel false-alarm rates on the order of 10(-5)/km(2), and demonstrate the improved performance obtained by operating two detection algorithms simultaneously. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01607-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Sensors & Data Anal Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Space Comp Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. RP Stellman, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Sensors & Data Anal Sect, Code 5621, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1928 EP 1935 DI 10.1117/1.602577 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 334YJ UT WOS:000088213800026 ER PT J AU Goodell, GG Gallagher, FJ Nicoll, BK AF Goodell, GG Gallagher, FJ Nicoll, BK TI Comparison of a controlled injection pressure system with a conventional technique SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare a device that controls flow rate during injection through use of a foot pedal with a conventional atraumatic syringe injection technique. We determined the change from preinjection to postinjection anxiety, the pain perception, procedure tolerance, and anxiety about future injections. Study design. Dental injection anxiety questionnaires were completed by 80 endodontic patients immediately before and after administration of local anesthetic with the 2 experimental methods. Patients also completed visual analog scales to rate their pain perception during injection, their rating of the overall experience, and their anticipated anxiety about a future dental injection. Results. Patients experienced significantly lower overall postinjection anxiety and pain of injection and had significantly more positive overall experience ratings with the conventional technique than with the controlled-rate procedure. Conclusions. A conventional atraumatic syringe injection technique was superior to a controlled injection pressure system in pain perception and procedure tolerance and in reducing postinjection dental anxiety. C1 USN, Dent Ctr SE, Air Stn Jacksonville, AEGD Postgrad Program, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), USN, Dent Ctr SE, Air Stn Jacksonville, AEGD Postgrad Program, Box 74, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1067/moe.2000.107365 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 335MF UT WOS:000088246700020 PM 10884642 ER PT J AU Peeler, DP AF Peeler, DP TI Walker Evans SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Peeler, DP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 124 IS 3 BP 458 EP 460 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 335YY UT WOS:000088275900033 ER PT J AU Vardanyan, VO Gyulamiryan, AL Gulian, AM AF Vardanyan, VO Gyulamiryan, AL Gulian, AM TI On nature of an anomalous peak in thermopower of YBa2CU3O7-delta thin films SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1999 CL HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL, HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Commiss C5 low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Acad Finland, Helsinki Univ Technol, Int Assoc Promot Sci, Oxford Instruments Ltd, FortumCorp, Nokia Grp, Finnair Ltd, Datex Engstrom Ltd, Finnish Phys Soc, Picker Nordstar Ltd, Neuromag ltd, SAP Finland Ltd, Espoo Elect Ltd, Outokumpu Ltd, City Espoo, Finnish Acad Sci & Letters, DCA-Instruments Ltd, Vaisala Ltd HO HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL DE anisotropic thermopower; YBaCuO films; thin films ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB The thermopower of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films has been measured using the well-known AC method. We have registered a sharp anomalous peak in the temperature dependence of the thermopower in the vicinity of the critical temperature. Investigating the behaviour of the thermopower temperature dependence at the various modulation frequencies we conclude that the results obtained can be explained by the contribution of non-steady-state thermopower along the c-axis at the thin area perpendicular to the film surface, taking into account that the superconducting transition along the c-axis delays by temperature as to the transition along the a-axis. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Armenian Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410 2, Armenia. USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vardanyan, VO (reprint author), Armenian Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410 2, Armenia. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL PY 2000 VL 284 BP 1005 EP 1006 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(99)02350-9 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 318YF UT WOS:000087311700501 ER PT J AU Melkonyan, G Gulian, AM Kroger, H AF Melkonyan, G Gulian, AM Kroger, H TI Nonequilibrium superconductor-normal metal tunnel contact and the phonon deficit effect SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1999 CL HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL, HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Commiss C5 low Temp Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Acad Finland, Helsinki Univ Technol, Int Assoc Promot Sci, Oxford Instruments Ltd, FortumCorp, Nokia Grp, Finnair Ltd, Datex Engstrom Ltd, Finnish Phys Soc, Picker Nordstar Ltd, Neuromag ltd, SAP Finland Ltd, Espoo Elect Ltd, Outokumpu Ltd, City Espoo, Finnish Acad Sci & Letters, DCA-Instruments Ltd, Vaisala Ltd HO HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL DE tunnel junction; refrigeration; phonon deficit ID REFRIGERATION; JUNCTIONS AB We consider tunnel microrefrigerators at low temperature. There is a number of experimental studies performed on microrefrigeration in tunneling superconductor-normal metal (SN) structures. Related to these experiments, only the electron subsystem has been considered theoretically. Independently, the phonon deficit effect has been studied a while ago in superconductor-superconductor tunnel junctions. It can be regarded as a possible prototype scheme for superconducting microrefrigerators. We try to provide the missing link between experiments on the SN tunnel junction refrigerators and the theory which includes microscopically phonons in combination with the mechanism of the phonon deficit effect. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melkonyan, G (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL PY 2000 VL 284 BP 2032 EP 2033 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(99)02823-9 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 320WD UT WOS:000087423100454 ER PT J AU Hu, G Choi, JH Eom, CB Harris, VG Suzuki, Y AF Hu, G Choi, JH Eom, CB Harris, VG Suzuki, Y TI Structural tuning of the magnetic behavior in spinel-structure ferrite thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FE3O4; GROWTH AB Epitaxial cobalt ferrite thin films provide a model system for understanding the magnetic properties of spinel structure ferrite thin films. We demonstrate that the anomalous magnetic behavior, observed in our antiphase-boundary-free films, can be explained in terms of cation distribution and lattice distortions. The magnetic anisotropy is a delicate balance between strain anisotropy, due to internal lattice strain or equivalent external strain effects, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to cation distribution. By annealing the cobalt ferrite thin films and hence varying the cobalt cation distribution among the tetrahedral and octahedral sites and the strain state of the films, we are able to tune the symmetry and the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 NR 17 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 2 BP R779 EP R782 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R779 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 334MP UT WOS:000088190500013 ER PT J AU Alfonsi, L Gammaitoni, L Santucci, S Bulsara, AR AF Alfonsi, L Gammaitoni, L Santucci, S Bulsara, AR TI Intrawell stochastic resonance versus interwell stochastic resonance in underdamped bistable systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NOISE; INFORMATION; MECHANORECEPTORS; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; ENHANCEMENT; LASER AB We show that, for periodically driven noisy underdamped bistable systems, an intrawell stochastic resonance can exist, together with the conventional interwell stochastic resonance, resulting in a double maximum in the power spectral amplitude at the forcing frequency as a function of the noise intensity. The locations of the maxima correspond to matchings of deterministic and stochastic time scales in the system. In this paper we present experimental evidence of these phenomena and a phemonological nonadiabatic description in terms of a noise-controlled nonlinear dynamic resonance. C1 Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Alfonsi, L (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RI Gammaitoni, Luca/B-5375-2009 OI Gammaitoni, Luca/0000-0002-4972-7062 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 299 EP 302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.299 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 335YG UT WOS:000088274100046 ER PT J AU Locher, M Inchiosa, ME Neff, J Bulsara, A Wiesenfeld, K Gammaitoni, L Hanggi, P Ditto, W AF Locher, M Inchiosa, ME Neff, J Bulsara, A Wiesenfeld, K Gammaitoni, L Hanggi, P Ditto, W TI Theory of controlling stochastic resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BISTABLE SYSTEM; NOISE AB The concept of controlling stochastic resonance has been recently introduced [L. Gammaitoni et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4574 (1999)] to enhance or suppress the spectral response to threshold-crossing events triggered by a time-periodic signal in background noise. Here, we develop a general theoretical framework, based on a rate equation approach. This generic two-state theory captures the essential features observed in our experiments and numerical simulations. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, Lehrstuhl Theoret Phys 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RP Locher, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Gammaitoni, Luca/B-5375-2009; Hanggi, Peter/B-4457-2008; OI Gammaitoni, Luca/0000-0002-4972-7062; Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.317 PN A PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 335YG UT WOS:000088274100049 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Xu, JL Selinger, RLB Ratna, BR Shashidhar, R AF Selinger, JV Xu, JL Selinger, RLB Ratna, BR Shashidhar, R TI Theory of chiral modulations and fluctuations in smectic-A liquid crystals under an electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CRITICAL-POINT; LIPID BILAYERS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FILMS; TRANSITIONS AB Chiral liquid crystals often exhibit periodic modulations in the molecular director; in particular, thin films of the smectic-C* phase show a chiral striped texture. Here, we investigate whether similar chiral modulations can occur in the induced molecular tilt of the smectic-A phase under an applied electric field. Using both continuum elastic theory and lattice simulations, we find that the state of uniform induced tilt can become unstable when the system approaches the smectic-A-smeceic-C* transition or when a high electric field is applied. Beyond that instability point, the system develops chiral stripes in the tilt, which induce corresponding ripples in the smectic layers. The modulation persists up to an upper critical electric field and then disappears. Furthermore, even in the uniform state, the system shows chiral fluctuations, including both incipient chiral stripes and localized chital vortices. We compare these predictions with observed chiral modulations and fluctuations in smectic-A liquid crystals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4500 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.666 PN A PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 335YG UT WOS:000088274100086 ER PT J AU Croarkin, PE Jacobs, KM Bain, BK AF Croarkin, PE Jacobs, KM Bain, BK TI Diabetic ketoacidosis associated with risperidone treatment? SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Croarkin, PE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Croarkin, Paul/0000-0001-6843-6503 NR 5 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 BP 369 EP 370 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.41.4.369 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 329QK UT WOS:000087918600016 PM 10906363 ER PT J AU Rogers, LT Hattan, CP Stapleton, JK AF Rogers, LT Hattan, CP Stapleton, JK TI Estimating evaporation duct heights from radar sea echo SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAZING ANGLES; ROUGH-SURFACE; SCATTERING; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB The evaporation duct is a downward refracting layer that results from the rapid decrease in humidity with respect to altitude occurring in the atmospheric surface layer above bodies of water. The evaporation duct affects radar detection ranges at frequencies of approximately 1 GHz and above. Models based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory are usually used to calculate evaporation duct refractivity profiles from bulk measurements of air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and the sea surface temperature. Modeling results by Pappert et al. [1992] indicated that the falloff of radar sea echo as a function of range was an increasing function of the evaporation duct height. On the basis of those results, the authors proposed inferring the evaporation duct height by a slope ht to modeled clutter power, a nonlinear least squares inversion procedure. Data for testing the inversion procedure were obtained using the S band Space Range Radar at Wallops Island, Virginia. Evaporation duct heights were inferred from the radar data on the basis of the assumption of a range-independent evaporation duct height and sea clutter radar cross section (sigma degrees). Validation data consist of buoy and boat in situ bulk measurements. The result of comparing the radar-inferred evaporation duct heights and those calculated from bulk measurements indicates that the radar-inferred duct heights are strongly correlated with those from the in situ measurements, but there is some uncertainty as to whether they are biased or unbiased. That uncertainty arises from the assumed dependence of sigma degrees on the grazing angle psi. That psi dependence is currently a matter of debate in the open literature, with the lower and upper ends of modeling results being sigma degrees proportional to psi(0) and sigma degrees proportional to psi(4), respectively. We show results for both dependencies and note that the sigma degrees proportional to psi(0) provides the best agreement with our measurements. It should be noted that inferring the evaporation duct height from radar sea echo is a problem that stresses the modeling of low-grazing-angle backscatter. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div NSWCDD, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rogers, LT (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, Code D883, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 24 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 955 EP 966 DI 10.1029/1999RS002275 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 338CE UT WOS:000088399900004 ER PT J AU Angelis, DI AF Angelis, DI TI Capturing the option value of R&D SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Real options models capture the value of flexibility in R&D projects. This value lies in the fact that management always has the option to abandon the project if the results of R&D are not promising, thus limiting losses to the amount invested in the R&D phase. Traditional net present value (NPV) analysis fails to recognize this flexibility and therefore tends to under value R&D oppurtunities. The Black-Scholes model has been used extensively for financial potions, bur may be difficult to apply to R&D projects. Instead, it is suggested that the cost and revenue cash flows associated with implementing a project be used to measure the option value of R&D. This model captures the uncertainty associated with cash flow projections while simplifying some of the assumptions and data required for the Black-Scholes model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Angelis, DI (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0895-6308 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 331CX UT WOS:000088000700009 ER PT J AU Dere, KP Moses, JD Delaboudiniere, JP Brunaud, J Carabetian, C Hochedez, JF Song, XY Catura, RC Clette, F Defise, JM AF Dere, KP Moses, JD Delaboudiniere, JP Brunaud, J Carabetian, C Hochedez, JF Song, XY Catura, RC Clette, F Defise, JM TI The preflight photometric calibration of the extreme-ultraviolet imaging telescope EIT SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOHO MISSION; SUN AB This paper presents the preflight photometric calibration of the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The EIT consists of a Ritchey-Chretien telescope with multilayer coatings applied to four quadrants of the primary and secondary mirrors, several filters and a backside-thinned CCD detector. The quadrants of the EIT optics were used to observe the Sun in 4 wavelength bands that peak near 171, 195, 284, and 304 Angstrom. Before the launch of SOHO, the EIT mirror reflectivities, the filter transmissivities and the CCD quantum efficiency were measured and these values are described here. The instrumental throughput in terms of an effective area is presented for each of the various mirror quadrant and filter wheel combinations. The response to a coronal plasma as a function of temperature is also determined and the expected count rates are compared to the count rates observed in a coronal hole, the quiet Sun and an active region. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lockheed Martin Palo Alto Res Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Ctr Spatial Liege, Angleur, Belgium. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 195 IS 1 BP 13 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1005288008723 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 362WJ UT WOS:000089801000002 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Gable, P AF Crum, NF Gable, P TI Quinine-induced hemolytic-uremic syndrome SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL LEG CRAMPS; INDUCED IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA; RENAL-FAILURE; DEPENDENT ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN-IIIA; VITAMIN-E; SULFATE; TRIAL; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY AB Quinine is still frequently used by practitioners for the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps, despite the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. We report the 15th case of quinine-induced hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in the medical literature. The likely mechanism by which quinine induces HUS is via quinine-dependent antibodies to blood cellular constituents. These antibodies likely cause endothelial damage and the resultant nephropathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia that define HUS, Although there is no set guideline for the treatment of quinine-induced HUS, most authorities consider plasmapheresis as the standard of care, especially in severe cases. Our patient required the longest known treatment duration (16 plasmapheresis treatments over a 37-day period) for disease resolution. The prognosis of quinine-induced HUS is excellent, with no deaths reported in the literature. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Code CCA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 93 IS 7 BP 726 EP 728 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 337DR UT WOS:000088342600020 PM 10923967 ER PT J AU Abels, R AF Abels, R TI Harold: The last Anglo-Saxon king SO SPECULUM-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Abels, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIEVAL ACAD OF AMER PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1430 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0038-7134 J9 SPECULUM JI Speculum-J. Mediev. Stud. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 75 IS 3 BP 732 EP 733 DI 10.2307/2903438 PG 2 WC Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 353VJ UT WOS:000089295900043 ER PT J AU Read, R Thomas, L Washburn, A AF Read, R Thomas, L Washburn, A TI Estimating means when sampling gives probabilities as well as values or "Looking a gift horse in the mouth" SO STATISTICS AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE estimation of means; sample mean; simulation AB Consider the random sampling of a discrete population. The observations, as they are collected one by one, are enhanced in that the probability mass associated with each observation is also observed. The goal is to estimate the population mean. Without this extra information about probability mass, the best general purpose estimator is the arithmetic average of the observations, XBAR. The issue is whether or not the extra information can be used to improve on XBAR. This paper examines the issues and offers four new estimators, each with its own strengths and liabilities. Some comparative performances of the four with XBAR are made. The motivating application is a Monte Carlo simulation that proceeds in two stages. The first stage independently samples n characteristics to obtain a "configuration" of some kind, together with a configuration probability p obtained, if desired, as a product of n individual probabilities. A relatively expensive calculation then determines an output X as a function of the configuration. A random sample of X could simply be averaged to estimate the mean output, but there are possibly more efficient estimators on account of the known configuration probabilities. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Business Studies, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Thomas, Lyn/B-3326-2014 OI Thomas, Lyn/0000-0002-3727-4772 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3174 J9 STAT COMPUT JI Stat. Comput. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1023/A:1008995628693 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 338UC UT WOS:000088440800006 ER PT J AU Sartwell, BD AF Sartwell, BD TI Thermal spray coatings as an alternative to hard chrome plating SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sartwell, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 79 IS 7 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 331AX UT WOS:000087995800011 ER PT J AU Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR AF Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR TI Reactivity of AlnC clusters with oxygen: search for new magic clusters SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION AB Theoretical electronic structure studies of the geometries, binding energies and electron affinities of anionic and neutral AlnC (n = 1-8) clusters are carried out to understand the recent experiments on the reactivity of AlnC clusters with oxygen. Our studies, based on an all-electron gradient-corrected density-functional formalism, show that anionic clusters where the total energy required to remove an electron and an Al atom is less than 5.7 eV, react with O-2 molecules. An Al7C- cluster observed as a stable species in these experiments has a high electron affinity and may be an ideal choice for cluster-assembled materials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khanna, SN (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2000 VL 324 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00569-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 330PF UT WOS:000087969900022 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND AF Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND TI The anti-dissipative, non-monotone behavior of Petrov-Galerkin upwinding SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE non-monotone; Petrov-Galerkin; upwinding method ID CHANNEL FLOW; SCHEMES AB The Petrov-Galerkin method has been developed with the primary goal of damping spurious oscillations near discontinuities in advection dominated flows. For time-dependent problems, the typical Petrov-Galerkin method is based on the minimization of the dispersion error and the simultaneous selective addition of dissipation. This optimal design helps to, dampen the oscillations prevalent near discontinuities in standard Bubnov-Galerkin solutions. However, it is demonstrated that when the Courant number is less than 1, the Petrov-Galerkin method actually amplifies undershoots at the base of discontinuities. This is shown in an heuristic manner, and is demonstrated with numerical experiments with the scaler advection and Richards' equations. A discussion of monotonicity preservation as a design criterion, as opposed to phase or amplitude error minimization, is also presented. The Petrov-Galerkin method is further linked to the high-resolution, total variation diminishing (TVD) finite volume method in order to obtain a monotonicity preserving Petrov-Galerkin method. Copyright (C) 2000 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Coll Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Coll Engn, 116 EWRE Bldg,1351 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUN 30 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 4 BP 583 EP 608 DI 10.1002/1097-0363(20000630)33:4<583::AID-FLD23>3.0.CO;2-W PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 325XV UT WOS:000087702900006 ER PT J AU Carpenter, EE Kumbhar, A Wiemann, JA Srikanth, H Wiggins, J Zhou, WL O'Connor, CJ AF Carpenter, EE Kumbhar, A Wiemann, JA Srikanth, H Wiggins, J Zhou, WL O'Connor, CJ TI Synthesis and magnetic properties of gold-iron-gold nanocomposites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Materials-Research-Societies International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS-ICAM 99) CY JUN 13-18, 1999 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Mat Res Soc DE nanoparticles; oxidation; magnetic properities ID NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; METAL AB By utilizing the sequential synthesis afforded reverse micelles, nanocomposite materials can be synthesized which have a diamagnetic core surrounded by a thin shell of ferromagnetic material passivated with a second shell of a diamagnet. Using gold as the diamagnetic material and iron as the ferromagnetic material, nanocomposites can be synthesized where there is a thin layer of the magnetic material, which is passivated and protected from oxidation. In this case, all of the spins of the magnetic layer lie within the surface of the particle. Magnetic properties were measured for nanophase particles using SQUID magnetometry. The particles, which consist of a 6 nm core of gold, coated with a I nm thick iron layer and passivated with an outer shell of gold, are superparamagnetic with a blocking temperature of 45 K and coercivity at 10 K of 400 Oe. These results are similar to magnetic properties of 8 nm iron particles coated with gold, where blocking temperature is 50 K and coercivity is 400 Oe. This suggests that in nanoparticles the spins that define the outer surface are responsible for the magnetic properties. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Carpenter, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1555 Overlook Ave SW,Complex Mat Sect 6342, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2000 VL 286 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00681-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 347EP UT WOS:000088914700012 ER PT J AU Brownell, RL Curry, BE Van Bonn, W Ridgway, SH AF Brownell, RL Curry, BE Van Bonn, W Ridgway, SH TI Conservation conundrum SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; DISEASE C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Brownell, RL (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 271, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 30 PY 2000 VL 288 IS 5475 BP 2319 EP 2320 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 329NP UT WOS:000087913400019 PM 10917829 ER PT J AU McGill, RA Mlsna, TE Chung, R Nguyen, VK Stepnowski, J AF McGill, RA Mlsna, TE Chung, R Nguyen, VK Stepnowski, J TI The design of functionalized silicone polymers for chemical sensor detection of nitroaromatic compounds SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss DE nitroaromatic compound; chemoselective polymer; solubility; saw sensor AB The solubility properties of a series of nitroaromatic compounds have been determined and utilized with known linear solvation energy relationships to calculate their sorption properties in a series of chemoselective polymers. These measurements and results were used to design a series of novel chemoselective polymers to target polynitroaromatic compounds. The polymers have been evaluated as thin sorbent coatings on surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for their vapor sorption and selectivity properties. The most promising materials tested, include siloxane polymers functionalized with acidic pendant groups that are complimentary in their solubility properties for nitroaromatic compounds. The most sensitive of the new polymers exhibit SAW sensor detection limits for nitrobenzene (NB) and 2, 4-dinitrotoluene in the low parts per billion (ppb) and low parts per trillion (ppt) concentration range, respectively. Polymers with favorable physicochemical properties exhibit low water vapor sorption, and rapid signal kinetics for NE, reaching 90% of signal response in 4 s. Studies with an in situ infrared spectroscopy technique are used to determine the mechanism of interaction between nitroaromatic compounds and the chemoselective polymer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6375,4555 Overlook Ave NE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 30 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00351-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 334KN UT WOS:000088185800003 ER PT J AU McGill, RA Nguyen, VK Chung, R Shaffer, RE DiLella, D Stepnowski, JL Mlsna, TE Venezky, DL Dominguez, D AF McGill, RA Nguyen, VK Chung, R Shaffer, RE DiLella, D Stepnowski, JL Mlsna, TE Venezky, DL Dominguez, D TI The "NRL-SAWRHINO": a nose for toxic gases SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss DE toxic gas; field operation; surface acoustic wave ID SURFACE; SENSORS AB At the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor systems have been in development since 1981. The primary focus has been the detection and identification of chemical agents and other toxic gases or vapors, In the recently developed "NRL-SAWRHINO" system (Rhino, Gr. Nose), a self-contained unit has been developed capable of autonomous field operation. An automated dual gas sampling system is included, for immediate and periodic detection capability. The latter, utilizes a trap-and-purge miniature gas chromatographic column, which serves to collect, concentrate, and separate vapor or gas mixtures prior to SAW analysis. The SAWRHINO includes all the necessary electronic and microprocessor control, SAW sensor temperature control, onboard neural net pattern recognition capability, and visual/audible alarm features for field deployment. The SAWRHINO has been trained to detect and identify a range of nerve and blister agents, and related simulants, and to discriminate against a wide range of interferent vapors and gases. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, MS&T Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, MS&T Div, NRL Code 6375, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 10 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 30 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(99)00352-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 334KN UT WOS:000088185800004 ER PT J AU Das, S Krebs, WK AF Das, S Krebs, WK TI Sensor fusion of multispectral imagery SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IR AB A new algorithm is presented for the sensor fusion of imagery obtained at different bandwidths. The algorithm performs image fusion using a method based on principal components. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been demonstrated by applying it to fuse intensified CCD and infrared images. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 13 BP 1115 EP 1116 DI 10.1049/el:20000839 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 330VD UT WOS:000087981100014 ER PT J AU Gammon, D AF Gammon, D TI Semiconductor physics - Electrons in artificial atoms SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUANTUM-DOT; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gammon, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876,Bldg 208,Room 348,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 22 PY 2000 VL 405 IS 6789 BP 899 EP 900 DI 10.1038/35016189 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 326JT UT WOS:000087732700031 ER PT J AU Verter, F Magnani, L Dwek, E Rickard, LJ AF Verter, F Magnani, L Dwek, E Rickard, LJ TI Infrared properties of molecular cirrus. II. Cloud-to-cloud variations in graphite and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE dust, extinction; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules ID HIGH-LATITUDE CLOUDS; DIFFUSE GALACTIC EMISSION; H-2 CONVERSION FACTOR; X-RAY ENHANCEMENT; TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; IR EMISSION; DARK NEBULAE; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; TRANSLUCENT CLOUDS AB We have conducted a photometric survey of translucent molecular clouds in the four IRAS wave bands. We find notable cloud-to-cloud variations in mid-IR emission, with the ratio I,,II,, varying by up to 1 order of magnitude and often above unity. Because the clouds in our sample are nearby and translucent? the cloud heating is well constrained, so that the observed differences in infrared emission must represent differences in grain content. We show from first principles that a dust model containing only two components, Mathis-Rumpl-Nordsieck (MRN) grains in thermal equilibrium and very small grains undergoing stochastic heating, can never produce I-12/I-25 greater than or equal to 1 under the conditions that prevail in the cloudy interstellar medium. We fit the clouds in this sample with a three-component model which contains continuum emission from both MRN grains and very small graphite grains, plus emission features from a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The cloud-to-cloud variations in mid-IR emission require significant differences in their composition of small grains and PAH molecules. Models which describe the formation and evolution of these particles in the interstellar medium must explain the presence of these variations in a cloud sample which is located in the solar neighborhood. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Code 910-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM verter@dao.gsfc.nasa.gov; loris@milan.physast.uga.edu; eli.dwek@gsfc.nasa.gov; rickard@rsd.nrl.navy.mil NR 129 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2000 VL 536 IS 2 BP 831 EP 844 DI 10.1086/308945 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335EQ UT WOS:000088230900026 ER PT J AU Wang, HM Goode, PR Denker, C Yang, G Yurchishin, V Nitta, N Gurman, JB Cyr, CS Kosovichev, AG AF Wang, HM Goode, PR Denker, C Yang, G Yurchishin, V Nitta, N Gurman, JB Cyr, CS Kosovichev, AG TI Comparison of the 1998 April 29 M6.8 and 1998 November 5 M8.4 flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SOHO MISSION; SOLAR-FLARES; EARTH; TELESCOPE; LASCO; EIT AB We combined, and analyzed in detail, the H alpha and magnetograph data from Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), full-disk magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), coronagraph data from the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) of SOHO, Fe XII 195 Angstrom data from the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) of SOHO, and Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope (SXT) data of the M6.8 flare of 1998 April 29 in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) region 8375 and the M8.4 flare of 1998 November 5 in NOAA region 8384. These two flares have remarkable similarities: 1. Partial halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were observed for both events. For the 1998 April 29 event, even though the flare occurred in the southeast of the disk center, the ejected material moved predominantly across the equator, and the central part of the CME occurred in the northeast limb. The direction in which the cusp points in the postflare SXT images determines the dominant direction of the CMEs. 2. Coronal dimming was clearly observed in EIT Fe XII 195 Angstrom for both but was not observed in Yohkoh SXT for either event. Dimming started 2 hr before the onset of the flares, indicating large-scale coronal restructuring before both flares. 3. No global or local photospheric magnetic field change was detected from either event; in particular, no magnetic field change was found in the dimming areas. 4. Both events lasted several hours and, thus, could be classified as long duration events (LDEs). However, they are different in the following important aspects. For the 1998 April 29 event, the flare and the CME are associated with an erupting filament in which the two initial ribbons were well connected and then gradually separated. SXT preflare images show the classical S-shape sheared configuration (sigmoid structure). For the 1998 November 5 event, two initial ribbons were well separated, and the SXT preflare image shows the interaction of at least two loops. In addition, no filament eruption was observed. We conclude that even though these two events resulted in similar coronal consequences, they are due to two distinct physical processes: eruption of sheared loops and interaction of two loops. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wang, HM (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, 40386 N Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2000 VL 536 IS 2 BP 971 EP 981 DI 10.1086/308964 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335EQ UT WOS:000088230900041 ER PT J AU Shi, Z Xu, G McCann, PJ Fang, XM Dai, N Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Shi, Z Xu, G McCann, PJ Fang, XM Dai, N Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI IV-VI compound midinfrared high-reflectivity mirrors and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; CASCADE LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM-WELLS AB Midinfrared broadband high-reflectivity Pb1-xSrxSe/BaF2 distributed Bragg reflectors and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with PbSe as the active material were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Because of an extremely high index contrast, mirrors with only three quarter-wave layer pairs had reflectivities exceeding 99%. For pulsed optical pumping, a lead salt VCSEL emitting at the cavity wavelength of 4.5-4.6 mu m operated nearly to room temperature (289 K). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04425-9]. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Lab Elect Properties Mat, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, Z (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 25 BP 3688 EP 3690 DI 10.1063/1.126750 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 323LW UT WOS:000087567700006 ER PT J AU DeSisto, WJ Broussard, PR Ambrose, TF Nadgorny, BE Osofsky, MS AF DeSisto, WJ Broussard, PR Ambrose, TF Nadgorny, BE Osofsky, MS TI Highly spin-polarized chromium dioxide thin films prepared by chemical vapor deposition from chromyl chloride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRO2 FILMS; OXIDE FILMS; MAGNETOTRANSPORT AB Highly spin-polarized chromium dioxide (CrO2) thin films were deposited on (100) TiO2 substrates by chemical vapor deposition using chromyl chloride as a precursor. The spin polarization, as measured by the point contact Andreev reflection technique, was 81 +/- 3%. X-ray diffraction theta/2 theta scans indicated the films grew completely (100) oriented, in registry with the (100) oriented TiO2 substrate. X-ray diffraction phi scans on the CrO2 (110) reflection indicated the expected twofold symmetry, with no evidence of misaligned material. The resistivity at room temperature was 240 mu Omega cm and decreased to 10 mu Omega cm at 5 K, consistent with metallic behavior. The films were ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of 395 K and a coercivity of similar to 100 Oe at 298 K. The use of chromyl chloride as a precursor resulted in efficient and controlled CrO2 film growth. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04125-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeSisto, WJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Chem Engn, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 18 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 25 BP 3789 EP 3791 DI 10.1063/1.126782 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 323LW UT WOS:000087567700040 ER PT J AU Carroll, E AF Carroll, E TI Texan to repeat history SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JUN 19 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 25 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 326EB UT WOS:000087718800001 ER PT J AU Lill, JV Broughton, JQ AF Lill, JV Broughton, JQ TI Molecular dynamics simulation of a glissile dislocation interface propagating a martensitic transformation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB The method of Parrinello and Rahman is generalized to include slip in addition to deformation of the simulation cell. Equations of motion are derived, and a microscopic expression for traction is introduced. Lagrangian constraints are imposed so that the combination of deformation and slip conform to thr invariant plane shear characteristic of martensites. Simulation of a model transformation demonstrates the nucleation and propagation of a glissile dislocation interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lill, JV (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 25 BP 5784 EP 5787 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5784 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 325AC UT WOS:000087653300024 PM 10991054 ER PT J AU Bernardet, LR Grasso, LD Nachamkin, JE Finley, CA Cotton, WR AF Bernardet, LR Grasso, LD Nachamkin, JE Finley, CA Cotton, WR TI Simulating convective events using a high-resolution mesoscale model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTS; DRYLINE; LAND; RAMS AB Four multiscale numerical simulations of convective events are analyzed to determine the essential characteristics of a numerical model which lead to useful simulations of convective events. Although several universities and weather forecasting centers are currently running high-resolution forecast models, the predictability of convective events, especially in the warm season, is still an issue among researchers and forecasters in the meteorological community. This study shows that explicit simulations of convection depend on the high spatial resolution of physiography (particularly topography and top soil moisture), efficient communication between grids of different scales, and initialization procedures that incorporate mesoscale storm features. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ No Colorado, Dept Earth Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Bernardet, LR (reprint author), Inst Nacl Meteorol, SHIN Q13 Cj9 Cs9, BR-71505290 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM lrbernar@inmet.gov.br RI Bernardet, Ligia/N-3357-2014 NR 47 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D11 BP 14963 EP 14982 DI 10.1029/2000JD900100 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326LB UT WOS:000087736000044 ER PT J AU Spieker, MR AF Spieker, MR TI Evaluating dysphagia SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL AB Dysphagia is a problem that commonly affects patients cared for by family physicians in the office, as hospital inpatients and as nursing home residents. Familiar medical problems, including cerebrovascular accidents, gastroesophageal reflux disease and medication-related side effects, often lead to complaints of dysphagia. Stroke patients are at particular risk of aspiration because of dysphagia. Classifying dysphagia as oropharyngeal, esophageal and obstructive, or neuromuscular symptom complexes leads to a successful diagnosis in 80 to 85 percent of patients. Based on the patient history and physical examination, barium esophagram and/or gastroesophageal endoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. Special studies and consultation with subspecialists can confirm difficult diagnoses and help guide treatment strategies. C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Spieker, MR (reprint author), USN Hosp, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 12 BP 3639 EP 3648 PG 10 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 327TZ UT WOS:000087810700012 PM 10892635 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Daehler, M Shettle, EP Hornstein, JH Fromm, MD Lumpe, JD Rosenfield, JE AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Daehler, M Shettle, EP Hornstein, JH Fromm, MD Lumpe, JD Rosenfield, JE TI POAM III measurements of dehydration in the Antarctic lower stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; DESCENT; WINTER; H2O AB We present measurements of stratospheric water vapor and aerosols in the Antarctic from the FOAM III instrument during the period April through December 1998. The measured variations in water vapor enable us to study both descent in the vortex and the effect of dehydration that occurs in the lower stratosphere below similar to 23 km when the temperature drops below the frost point in July. There is a temporal correlation between the dehydration that occurs in July and an increase in high aerosol optical depth events in the lower stratosphere, suggesting that these events are due to the presence of ice PSC's. When temperatures warm up there is some rehydration at the highest altitudes of the dehydrated region (similar to 20-23 km), probably resulting from descent within the vortex. At similar to 12 km rehydration is probably the result of mixing in of air from outside the vortex. The temperature increase in October produces little rehydration at 17 km and no clear rehydration at 14 km, suggesting that the water has precipitated out of these layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gen Sci Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7227, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1683 EP 1686 DI 10.1029/1999GL011087 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 325CD UT WOS:000087658000001 ER PT J AU Traves, WN AF Traves, WN TI Tight closure and differential simplicity SO JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE tight closure; differential simplicity; Hasse-Schmidt derivations; differential operators AB The behavior of the Hasse-Schmidt algebra under etale extension is used to show that the Hasse-Schmidt algebra of a smooth algebra of finite type over a field equals the ring of differential operators. These techniques show that the formation of Hasse-Schmidt derivations does not commute with localization, providing a counterexample to a question of Brown and Kuan; their conjecture is reformulated in terms of the Hasse-Schmidt algebra. These techniques also imply that a smooth domain R is differentially simple. Tight closure is used to show that the test ideal is Hasse-Schmidt stable. Indeed, differentially simple rings of prime characteristic are strongly F-regular. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Traves, WN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572C Hollaway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-8693 J9 J ALGEBRA JI J. Algebra PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 228 IS 2 BP 457 EP 476 DI 10.1006/jabr.1999.8271 PG 20 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 325MF UT WOS:000087678800005 ER PT J AU Rappoli, BJ Rowley, DA AF Rappoli, BJ Rowley, DA TI The sorption kinetics of copper(II) on chemically modified controlled pore glass SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kinetics; sorption; copper; controlled pore glass ID TRACE-METALS; SILICA; ADSORPTION; REMOVAL; AGENTS; IONS; PEAT AB Chemically bonded phases on controlled pore glass substrates have been prepared by the condensation of 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane in anhydrous or aqueous media. Sorption of copper(II) by the chemically bonded phase was measured via potentiometry and can be described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Rate constants and equilibrium capacities have been calculated and were found to be dependent upon preparative conditions. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Rappoli, BJ (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 226 IS 2 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.1006/jcis.2000.6799 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 327JJ UT WOS:000087790500005 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Veneziano, JM Fan, CW Carron, MJ Liu, WT AF Chu, PC Veneziano, JM Fan, CW Carron, MJ Liu, WT TI Response of the South China Sea to Tropical Cyclone Ernie 1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; FREE-SURFACE; HURRICANE GILBERT; MOVING STORM; MIXED-LAYER; VARIABILITIES; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB A moving tropical cyclone is an intense localized source of surface wind stress and wind stress curl that produces a significant response in the ocean environment, especially in the ocean thermal structure, the upper ocean currents, and the sea surface elevation. Such a response has been well identified in the open-ocean region, but not in the coastal ocean region. In this study we use the Princeton Ocean Model with 20 km horizontal resolution and 23 sigma levels conforming to a realistic bottom topography to identify the response of the South China Sea to Tropical Cyclone Ernie 1996, Results show strong similarities in the responses between open ocean and coastal regions, including near-surface strong asymmetric response such as divergent currents with near-inertial oscillations, significant sea surface temperature cooling, blase to the right of the storm track, sea surface depressions in the wake of the storm, and subsurface intense upwelling and cooling at the base of the mixed layer to the right of the storm track. The unique features of the SCS response to Ernie are also discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C6 BP 13991 EP 14009 DI 10.1029/2000JC900035 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 324NB UT WOS:000087627300005 ER PT J AU McClimans, TA Johnson, DR Krosshavn, M King, SE Carroll, J Grenness, O AF McClimans, TA Johnson, DR Krosshavn, M King, SE Carroll, J Grenness, O TI Transport processes in the Kara Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; SUBTIDAL CURRENTS; BARENTS SEA; OCEAN; WATER; FLOW; CIRCULATION; SHIP AB Field data from late summer cruises in 1993-1996 and results from a rotating laboratory model study are used to infer transport routes for contaminants in the Kara Sea on the western Siberian coast. The data show a circulation pattern that differs significantly from published concepts and contains a richer structure. Both the inflowing coastal water from the west and the modified Atlantic Water from the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean in the north affect the water properties of the East Novaya Zemlya Trough through mixing, intrusion, and possible transformation during winter convection. Much of the current structure can be explained as a result of topographical steering of the throughflows. Weak summer winds of variable direction affect only the upper layer, whereas persistent strong winds may affect long-term circulation patterns and transports. The main outflow routes are north to the Santa Anna Trough and northeast to the Voronin Trough. The outflowing surface water and ice to the north are expected to join the inflowing Polar Water from the Arctic Ocean that forms the Persey Current into the Barents Sea. Deeper outflows are expected to follow the continental slope to the east in the Arctic Ocean. The laboratory model has been validated to earlier current measurements to the north and south of Novaya Zemlya and shows several of the features observed in the newer field measurements. This suggests that the dynamic similitude and boundary forcing of the model are good. Two notable exceptions are the westward transport of drifting buoys to the north of Novaya Zemlya and the late winter hydrography to the north of the Ob and Yenisey estuaries. Both are probably due to persistent winds. The conclusions from the measured and modeled currents are supported by measurements of (137)Cs in the seawater and sediments. C1 Akvaplan Niva AS, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. Norwegian Def Res Estab, N-3191 Horten, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McClimans, TA (reprint author), SINTEF, Civil & Environm Engn, Klaebuveien 153, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. EM thomas.mcclimans@civil.sintef.no NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C6 BP 14121 EP 14139 DI 10.1029/1999JC000012 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 324NB UT WOS:000087627300013 ER PT J AU Rochford, PA Kindle, JC Gallacher, PC Weller, RA AF Rochford, PA Kindle, JC Gallacher, PC Weller, RA TI Sensitivity of the Arabian Sea mixed layer to 1994-1995 operational wind products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-OCEAN; ALTIMETER DATA; MODEL; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; ASSIMILATION; CIRCULATION; SEAWATER AB The evolution of the upper ocean in the strong seasonally forced Arabian Sea, as observed by a mooring deployed in 1994-1995, is investigated using the Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model (NLOM). Model simulations were sensitive to the choice of surface wind products used for forcing, and results are reported for simulations forced by monthly mean climatologies and 12 hourly 1994-1995 wind products from two operational atmospheric forecast models, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast model and the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System model of Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). The NLOM yields the best prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth when using FNMOC forcing. Surface cooling is found to be responsible for the seasonal SST minimum during the NE monsoon. Heat advection is found to be important for supporting the surface cooling during the second half of the NE monsoon. Strong entrainment and appreciable advective cooling are responsible for the SST minimum of the SW monsoon. The NLOM wind experiments strongly suggest that thermal convection may be important in the central Arabian Sea during the winter months. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Upper Ocean Proc Grp, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Rochford, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C6 BP 14141 EP 14162 DI 10.1029/2000JC900042 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 324NB UT WOS:000087627300014 ER PT J AU Batteen, ML Martinez, JR Bryan, DW Buch, EJ AF Batteen, ML Martinez, JR Bryan, DW Buch, EJ TI A modeling study of the coastal eastern boundary current system off Iberia and Morocco SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; WIND-STRESS CURL; OCEAN CIRCULATION; VANCOUVER ISLAND; EDDIES; MEANDERS; VARIABILITY; AUSTRALIA; PENINSULA; FILAMENT AB To investigate the northern Canary Current system (NCCS), results from four numerical experiments of increasing complexity are examined. Experiment 1, which uses seasonal wind forcing only, shows that as expected, wind forcing is the key generative mechanism for the current, upwelling, meander, eddy, and filament structures. Experiments 2 and 3, which have the additional effects of irregular coastline geometry, show the following: capes are areas for enhanced upwelling, extensive filaments, maximum current velocities, and enhanced growth of cyclonic meanders and eddies; an embayment like the Gulf of Cadiz is a primary region for anticyclonic meander and eddy development. The results from the complex flow regime of Experiment 4, which has the additional effects of thermohaline gradients and Mediterranean Outflow, highlights the major characteristics and unique features (such as the generation of Meddles) of the NCCS with relatively close similarities to field observations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC Bv,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM batteen@oc.nps.navy.mil NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C6 BP 14173 EP 14195 DI 10.1029/2000JC900026 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 324NB UT WOS:000087627300016 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Cullen, JR AF Agassi, D Cullen, JR TI Superconductor strip geometrical barrier in the presence of a weak applied field SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE geometrical barrier; superconductor strip; weak applied field ID FLUX-PENETRATION; CURRENTS; FILMS AB The geometrical barrier of a high aspect-ratio non-thin superconductor strip in the presence of a weak, normally-incident applied magnetic field is calculated employing exact expressions for the response of and vortex-structure in a strip. The calculated barrier has two symmetrically located minima near the strip edges and a local maximum at the strip's mid-point, all running along the strip. The commonly invoked geometrical barrier, characterized by an inverted-parabola-like shape and minimum at the strip's mid-point, is qualitatively reproduced for an applied-field sufficiently strong to saturate the geometrical barrier's edge-minima with pinned vortices. Trends of the calculated barrier as function of the strip dimensions and the applied-field magnitude are presented and discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 68,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM agassiyd@nswccd.navy.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 334 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00241-0 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 322UE UT WOS:000087526700015 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Cullen, JR AF Agassi, D Cullen, JR TI Single-vortex structure in a superconductor film and strip SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE superconducting strips; single vortex structure; vortex localization AB Exact expressions for a normally aligned vortex-structure in an isotropic superconductor film and strip are derived. The ensuing thickness-dependent vortex localization at the surface is analyzed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Naval Surface Warface Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Naval Surface Warface Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 68,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM agassiyd@nswccd.navy.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 334 IS 3-4 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00186-6 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 322UE UT WOS:000087526700016 ER PT J AU Kovalev, D Diener, J Heckler, H Polisski, G Kunzner, N Koch, F Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Kovalev, D Diener, J Heckler, H Polisski, G Kunzner, N Koch, F Efros, AL Rosen, M TI Low-temperature photoluminescence upconversion in porous Si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTI-STOKES PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; INDUCED POLARIZATION ANISOTROPY; VISIBLE-LIGHT; UP-CONVERSION; QUANTUM DOTS; SILICON; LUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; AUGER; HETEROJUNCTION AB We report efficient low-temperature upconverted photoluminescence (UPL) at resonant excitation of the porous Si photoluminescence band. The UPL has a linear dependence on the excitation intensity, quenches at elevated temperatures, and is absent in strongly oxidized porous Si and oxidized Si nanocrystals. These observations are explained by the resonant excitation of electron-hole pairs spatially separated in neighboring crystals. UPL results from the subsequent excitation of a second pair in the larger of the two crystals and Auger ejection of a carrier into the smaller one, with the larger gap. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E16, D-85747 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kovalev, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E16, D-85747 Garching, Germany. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 23 BP 15841 EP 15847 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.15841 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 327LV UT WOS:000087796100063 ER PT J AU Goto, DM Bingert, JF Reed, WR Garrett, RK AF Goto, DM Bingert, JF Reed, WR Garrett, RK TI Anisotropy-corrected MTS constitutive strength modeling in HY-100 steel SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Goto, DM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN 13 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1125 EP 1131 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00347-X PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352BL UT WOS:000089194600003 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Spicer, DS AF Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Spicer, DS TI The thermal nonequilibrium of prominences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : prominences ID SOLAR PROMINENCES; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; CORONAL LOOPS; FILAMENTS; REGION; FIELDS; MODEL; FLOWS AB We present numerical simulations and analytic theory for the thermal nonequilibrium of solar coronal Bur tubes that have a stretched-out, dipped geometry, appropriate for a prominence/filament Our simulations indicate that if the heating in such a flux tube is localized near the chromosphere, then condensations appear which undergo a continuous cycle of formation, motion, and destruction, even though the heating and all other imposed conditions on the loop are purely time independent. We show how this nonsteady evolution can be understood in terms of simple scaling-law theory. The implications of thermal nonequilibrium for observations of the solar corona are discussed. We argue that the model can explain both the formation of prominence condensations and recent observations of their dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA Ctr Computat Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2000 VL 536 IS 1 BP 494 EP 499 DI 10.1086/308922 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 330LJ UT WOS:000087963300044 ER PT J AU Leggett, SK Geballe, TR Fan, XH Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Strauss, MA McDaniel, A Golimowski, DA Henry, TJ Peng, E Tsvetanov, ZI Uomoto, A Zheng, W Hill, GJ Ramsey, LW Anderson, SF Annis, JA Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Chen, B Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, I Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ Smith, JA Stoughton, C Thakar, AR York, DG AF Leggett, SK Geballe, TR Fan, XH Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Strauss, MA McDaniel, A Golimowski, DA Henry, TJ Peng, E Tsvetanov, ZI Uomoto, A Zheng, W Hill, GJ Ramsey, LW Anderson, SF Annis, JA Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Chen, B Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, I Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ Smith, JA Stoughton, C Thakar, AR York, DG TI The missing link: Early methane ("T") dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; surveys ID HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; BROWN DWARF; DISCOVERY; PLANETS; SYSTEM AB We report the discovery of three cool brown dwarfs that fall in the effective temperature gap between the latest L dwarfs currently known, with no methane absorption bands in the 1-2.5 mu m range, and the previously known methane (T) dwarfs, whose spectra are dominated by methane and water. The newly discovered objects were detected as very red objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data and have JHK colors between the red L dwarfs and the blue Gl 229B-like T dwarfs. They show both CO and CH(4) absorption in their near-infrared spectra in addition to H(2)O(2) with weaker CH(4) absorption features in the H and K bands than those in all other methane dwarfs reported to date. Due to the presence of CH(4) in these bands, we propose that these objects are early T dwarfs. The three form part of the brown dwarf spectral sequence and fill in the large gap in the overall spectral sequence from the hottest main-sequence stars to the coolest methane dwarfs currently known. C1 United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Leggett, SK (reprint author), United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pl,Univ Pk, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012 NR 22 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2000 VL 536 IS 1 BP L35 EP L38 DI 10.1086/312728 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 330LL UT WOS:000087963500009 ER PT J AU Wu, C Nikulshin, V AF Wu, C Nikulshin, V TI Method of thermoeconomical optimization of energy intensive systems with linear structure on graphs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE graphs; linear system optimization; thermoeconomic AB In the design and operation of energy intensive systems the problem of improving efficiency is very important. The main way for solving this problem is optimization. This paper describes the general approach for thermoeconomical optimization systems with linear structure. A method based on the building and analysis of a special graph of thermoeconomical expenditure is suggested. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Odessa State Politech Univ, UA-270044 Odessa, Ukraine. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2000 VL 24 IS 7 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1002/1099-114X(20000610)24:7<615::AID-ER608>3.0.CO;2-P PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 325LV UT WOS:000087677800005 ER PT J AU Marshall, JS Grant, JR Gossler, AA Huyer, SA AF Marshall, JS Grant, JR Gossler, AA Huyer, SA TI Vorticity transport on a Lagrangian tetrahedral mesh SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE vortex methods; Navier-Stokes equations; tetrahedral mesh ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; VORTEX METHODS; 3 DIMENSIONS; FLOWS; SPHERE; SIMULATIONS; COMPUTATION; ELEMENTS; SCHEME; CORE AB An integral vorticity method for computation of incompressible, three-dimensional, viscous fluid flows is introduced which is based on a tetrahedral mesh that is fit to Lagrangian computational points. A fast method for approximation of Biot-Savart type integrals over the tetrahedral elements is introduced, which uses an analytical expression for the nearest few elements, Gaussian quadratures for moderately distant elements, and a multipole expansion acceleration procedure for distant elements. Differentiation is performed using a moving least-squares procedure, which maintains between first- and second-order accuracy for irregularly spaced points. The moving least-squares method is used to approximate the stretching and diffusion terms in the vorticity transport equation at each Lagrangian computational point. A new algorithm for the vorticity boundary condition on the surface of an immersed rigid body is developed that accounts for the effect of boundary vorticity values both on the total vorticity contained within tetrahedra attached to boundary points and on vorticity diffusion from the surface during the time step. Sample computations are presented for uniform flow past a sphere at Reynolds number 100, as well as computations for validation of specific algorithms. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Engn Mech, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Marshall, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2000 VL 161 IS 1 BP 85 EP 113 DI 10.1006/jcph.2000.6490 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 323HY UT WOS:000087561000006 ER PT J AU Berlouis, LEA Cabrera, E Hall-Barientos, E Hall, PJ Dodd, S Morris, S Imam, MA AF Berlouis, LEA Cabrera, E Hall-Barientos, E Hall, PJ Dodd, S Morris, S Imam, MA TI A thermal analysis investigation of the hydriding properties of nanocrystalline Mg-Ni based alloys prepared by high energy ball milling SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE ball milling; hydrogen storage materials; thermal analysis ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE MATERIALS; MAGNESIUM; SORPTION; MG2NI; ABSORPTION; KINETICS AB A thermal analysis study of the hydrogen loading characteristics of nanocrystalline Mg-Ni alloys (Ni content ranging from 0.1 at% to 10 at%) has been carried out in 3 MPa hydrogen, employing the techniques of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The measurements confirmed the nonequilibrium state of the samples as prepared by the mechanical alloying technique. An enthalpy associated with the stabilisation of the alloys on first heating in hydrogen was found for all the samples studied. The magnitude of this enthalpy increased with the nickel content of the alloy. All the samples showed rapid uptake of hydrogen at 3 MPa pressure, indicating that the nickel was thus playing a very active role at the ahoy surface in dissociating hydrogen and so enabling more rapid hydride formation by the alloy. This catalytic activity of the nickel decreased with temperature cycling over the range 80 degrees C to 500 degrees C. Although TGA analysis, carried out at the end of the cycling period, gave the hydrogen content as 1.1 wt% to 1.7 wt% for the alloys, this is well short of the theoretical amounts expected (7.6 wt% for MgH2), indicating that the samples had become deactivated during cycling. No evidence was found of the intermetallic Mg,Ni prior to or after hydriding. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland. DERA, Struct Mat Ctr, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berlouis, LEA (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland. RI Hall, Peter/F-6948-2010 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 6 PY 2000 VL 305 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(00)00711-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 319EF UT WOS:000087328000016 ER PT J AU Steiner, M AF Steiner, M TI Towards quantifying non-local information transfer: finite-bit non-locality SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB The advent of Bell's inequalities provoked the possibility that entangled quantum phenomena are non-local in nature. Since teleportation only requires two bits, we investigated whether non-local correlations can be further quantified in terms of finite information. The EPR-Bell cosine correlation is reproduced exactly using on average 1.48 bits. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steiner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 5 PY 2000 VL 270 IS 5 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00315-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 333CX UT WOS:000088112100003 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS Kiefer, ML Poss, WB AF Wheeler, DS Kiefer, ML Poss, WB TI Pediatric emergency preparedness in the office SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID STATUS EPILEPTICUS; PRACTICING PEDIATRICIANS; MANAGE EMERGENCIES; CHILDREN; BRONCHIOLITIS; MORTALITY; ASTHMA AB Pediatric office emergencies occur more commonly than is usually perceived by family physicians, and most offices are not optimally prepared to deal with these situations. Obtaining specific training in pediatric emergencies and performing mock "codes" to check office readiness can improve the proper handling of pediatric emergencies. Common airway emergencies include foreign-body aspiration and croup. Cool mist, racemic epinephrine nebulization and dexamethasone are! typical treatment measures for croup. Asthma and bronchiolitis are common causes elf respiratory distress. Hypovolemic shock is the most common cause of circulatory failure in children. Intraosseous access is a simple and underutilized route for vascular access in a critically ill child. Status epilepticus is the most common neurologic emergency. Avoidance of iatrogenic respiratory depression and hypotension can be optimized by taking an algorithmic approach to the use of anticonvulsant medications. Transport of patients after initial stabilization of an emergency should always be done in;a manner that provides adequate safety and monitoring. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Wheeler, DS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3333 EP 3342 PG 10 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 322GZ UT WOS:000087503000014 PM 10865928 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Gray, GC Knoke, JD AF Smith, TC Gray, GC Knoke, JD TI Is systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia associated with Persian Gulf War service? An examination of department of defense hospitalization data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Federally Sponsored Gulf War Veterans Illnesses Reserch CY JUN 17-19, 1998 CL PENTAGON CITY, MARYLAND DE amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; fibromyalgia; hospitalization; lupus erythematosus, systemic; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID DESERT-SHIELD; US VETERANS; EXPERIENCE; ILLNESSES; STORM AB Since the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991, veterans have reported diverse, unexplained symptoms. Some have wondered if their development of systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia might be related to Gulf War service. The authors used Cox proportional hazard modeling to determine whether regular, active-duty service personnel deployed to the Persian Gulf War (n = 551,841) were at increased risk of postwar hospitalization with the three conditions compared with nondeployed Gulf War era service personnel (n = 1,478,704). All hospitalizations in Department of Defense facilities from October 1, 1988, through July 31, 1997, were examined. With removal of personnel diagnosed with any of the three diseases before August 1, 1991, and adjustment for multiple covariates, Gulf War veterans were not at increased risk of postwar hospitalization due to systemic lupus erythematosus (risk ratio (RR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 1.35). Because of the small number of cases and wide confidence limits, the data regarding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were inconclusive. Gulf War veterans were slightly at risk of postwar hospitalization for fibromyalgia (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43); however, this risk difference was probably due to the Gulf War veteran clinical evaluation program beginning in 1994. These data do not support Gulf War service and disease associations. C1 US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1059 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 320EZ UT WOS:000087390000003 PM 10873128 ER PT J AU Gastanaga, VM Araneta, MRG Schlangen, KM Gray, GC AF Gastanaga, VM Araneta, MRG Schlangen, KM Gray, GC TI Simultaneous-equation estimation of birthweight and gestational age among Gulf War-era military infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 11 SU S MA 46 BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 321MZ UT WOS:000087460400048 ER PT J AU Koram, KA Owusu-Agyei, S Utz, G Binka, FN Baird, JK Hoffman, SL Nkrumah, FK AF Koram, KA Owusu-Agyei, S Utz, G Binka, FN Baird, JK Hoffman, SL Nkrumah, FK TI Severe anemia in young children after high and low malaria transmission seasons in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROQUINE; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY AB Malaria and anemia accounted for 41% and 18% respectively of hospital deaths in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana during 1996. We measured hemoglobin (Hb), malaria prevalence, and anthropometric indices of 6-24-month-old infants and young children randomly selected from this community at the end of the high (May-October, n = 347) and Low (November-April, n = 286) malaria transmission seasons. High transmission season is characterized by rainfall (the equivalent of 800-900 mm/yr), while the remaining months receive less than 50 mm/yr. Severe anemia, defined as Hb < 6.0 g/dL, was 22.1% at the end of the high transmission season compared to 1.4% at the end of the low transmission season (Odds Ratio [OR] = 20.1; 95% Cl: 7.1-55.3). Parasitemia was 71% and 54.3% at these time points (OR = 2.1: 95% CI: 1.5-2.9). Nutritional anemia appeared to have little impact upon this seasonal difference since anthropometric indices were comparable. Although the relative contributions of other causes of severe anemia were not assessed, repeated malaria infections may be a primary determinant of severe anemia among infants and young children during the high transmission season. C1 Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. Minist Hlth, Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Koram, KA (reprint author), Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, POB LG 581, Legon, Ghana. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 670 EP 674 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 419EU UT WOS:000167937000002 PM 11304052 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, RA Hoffman, SL AF Jones, TR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, RA Hoffman, SL TI Repeated infection of Aotus monkeys with Plasmodium falciparum induces protection against subsequent challenge with homologous and heterologous strains of parasite SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; VACCINE CANDIDATE; HUMAN MALARIA; OWL MONKEY; ANTIGEN; CONSERVATION; DOMAIN AB We evaluated repeated blood-stage infections with Plasmodium falciparum in eight Aotus lemurinus lemurinus monkeys. Over the course of seven infections with 10(4) P. falciparum (the Vietnam Oak Knell [FVO] strain), the pre-patent period lengthened from 8.2 to 30.8 days; the peak parasitemia decreased from 4.5 x 10(5) to 0 parasites/mul (Challenges 6 and 7), and the requirement for treatment decreased from 100% to 0% (Challenges 3 to 7). Five weeks after the seventh FVO challenge, the eight immune and three naive monkeys received 10(4) parasitized erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum (CAMP strain). The three control animals experienced uncontrolled parasitemias reaching between 4.8 and 7.7 x 10(5) parasites/mul (pre-patency = 6.3 days) and all required drug treatment; six of the eight immune monkeys became parasitemic (pre-patency = 8.8 days), but self-cured. Two of three of the monkeys having the greatest reductions in hematocrit (50-60%) also had the highest parasitemias (similar to 10(4) parasites/mul) before self-curing. Repeated homologous infections induced sterile immunity to homologous challenge; during heterologous challenge the monkeys developed clinically relevant, but not life-threatening, parasitemias and anemia. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Promed Trading SA, Panama City, Panama. Gorgas Mem Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Jones, TR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 675 EP 680 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 419EU UT WOS:000167937000003 PM 11304053 ER PT J AU Snider, KF AF Snider, KF TI Rethinking public administration's roots in pragmatism - The case of Charles A. Beard SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article AB This article portrays the pragmatism of Charles S. Peirce, William James, and John Dewey as an insignificant influence during the early years of American public administration. The mainstream thinking during that rime was exemplified by the ideas of Charles A. Beard, an influential figure in the early era of the field. Beard's writings illustrate the way public administration ignored important aspects of pragmatism in favor of practical attitudes and focus on apolitical efficiency. As a result, administrative orthodoxy developed in opposition to pragmatism, which explains the abandonment and misinterpretation of Mary Parker Follett's ideas. Equipped with the recognition that public administration has never really given pragmatism a chance, scholars and practitioners may be led to consider its possibilities in a contemporary administrative context. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0275-0740 J9 AM REV PUBLIC ADM JI Amer. Rev. Public Adm. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 2 BP 123 EP 145 DI 10.1177/02750740022064597 PG 23 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 323QB UT WOS:000087575500001 ER PT J AU Beland, MC Bennett, JM AF Beland, MC Bennett, JM TI Effect of local microroughness on the gloss uniformity of printed paper surfaces SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A critical factor that affects the appearance of printed paper surfaces is gloss uniformity, which is usually assessed visually. To relate gloss uniformity to nonvisual quantities, we first visually identified areas of either high or low gloss on the same sample for two different types of paper. We then measured the roughness and the reflectance of these areas. Microroughness was measured with an atomic-force microscope, and roughness was measured over a larger area with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The local reflectance of the high-gloss and the low-gloss areas was obtained from images taken with a gloss-imaging instrument and compared with the roughness of each area. This correlation is nonlinear, and roughness is insufficient to predict the local reflectance. Light-scattering measurements were made in the specular direction to map the gloss uniformity over larger areas than was possible with the gloss-imaging instrument. These maps were used to show the possibility of using both the spatial frequency and the fan filters, which together form a set of cortex filters, to analyze the variation of the gloss about the mean value and its spatial distribution on the surface in terms of spatial frequency and azimuthal orientation. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.6660, 180.1790, 180.5810, 240.5770, 290.5880. C1 ACREO, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM marieclaude.beland@acro.se; jbennett@ridgenet.net NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 16 BP 2719 EP 2726 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002719 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 318XZ UT WOS:000087311100027 PM 18345193 ER PT J AU Bennett, JM Ronnow, D AF Bennett, JM Ronnow, D TI Test of Opticlean strip coating material for removing surface contamination SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The strip coating material, Opticlean, which has been reformulated, has been shown to remove 1-5-mu m-diameter particles as well as contamination remaining from previous drag wipe cleaning on a used silicon wafer. In addition, no residue that produced scattering was found on a fresh silicon wafer when Opticlean was applied and then stripped off. The total integrated scattering technique used for the measurements could measure scattering levels of He-Ne laser light as low as a few ppm (parts in 10(6)), corresponding to a surface roughness of <1 Angstrom rms. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 160.4890, 290.5820, 290.5850, 240.6700, 310.1620. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Acreo AB, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden. RP Bennett, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM jbennett@ridgenet.net OI Ronnow, Daniel/0000-0003-2887-049X NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 16 BP 2737 EP 2739 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002737 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 318XZ UT WOS:000087311100030 PM 18345196 ER PT J AU Gnuechtel, MM Schenk, LL Postma, GN AF Gnuechtel, MM Schenk, LL Postma, GN TI Late effects of topical anesthetics on the healing of guinea pig tympanic membranes after myringotomy SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Background: The optimal local anesthetic for myrin-gotomies or the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in adults should be easy and rapid to use, be painless during ap plication, provide good anesthesia, be reversible, be inexpensive, and not cause any long-term damage to the tympanic membrane (TM). Objective: To evaluate the histologic effects of topical anesthetic agents on the healing of the TM after myringotomy. Methods: Sixty male albino guinea pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups. Of the 5 groups, 2 were used as controls: one group underwent a myringotomy and the other group did not. The remaining 3 groups had both TMs treated with a topical anesthetic (phenol, tetracaine base, and eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine in a cream) prior to myringotomy. All TMs were inspected periodically and then harvested at 3 months or 6 months postoperatively for histologic examination. Results: The TMs of the group treated with tetracaine appeared the most normal at 6 months (P=.001). However, histologic evaluation failed to demonstrate any significant differences in the thickness of the TM or the lamina propria (P=.45), the amount (P=.80) and orientation (P=.07) of collagen, or the number of infiltrating lymphocytes (P=.70). Conclusion: Based on the histologic findings, all 3 topical anesthetic agents appear to cause equivalent changes to the TM when used for a myringotomy. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Ctr Voice Disorders, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Guadalupe Phys Grp, Kerrville, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Postma, GN (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Ctr Voice Disorders, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 6 BP 733 EP 735 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 323JU UT WOS:000087562900007 PM 10864110 ER PT J AU Enad, JG Loomis, LL AF Enad, JG Loomis, LL TI Patellar tendon repair: Postoperative treatment SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE patellar tendon; rupture; surgery; immobilization; rehabilitation; range of motion, articular ID RUPTURES AB Objective: To compare results of patellar tendon repair after early and delayed postoperative mobilization. Design: Two separate treatment groups, comparing 2 treatment alternatives at different time periods (before-after trial). Participants: Postoperative rehabilitation of 10 men who underwent patellar tendon repair. Intervention: Delayed mobilization group: weight-bearing in a cast and isometric lower-extremity exercises for 6 weeks; active flexion and extension exercises thereafter. Early mobilization group: weight-bearing in an extension brace, isometric lower-extremity exercises, prone active knee flexion, and passive knee extension for 6 weeks; active flexion and extension exercises thereafter. Sixteen-month minimum follow-up. Results: Clinical (physical) findings were: 2 excellent, 1 good, 2 fair in the delayed-mobilization group; 1 excellent, 3 good, 1 fair in early-mobilization group. Functional (pain and activity level) findings were: 2 good, 2 fair, 1 poor in the delayed-mobilization group; 3 good, 1 fair, 1 poor in the early-mobilization group. Conclusions: Clinical and functional results were similar for both treatment groups. Further study is required to determine any significant long-term differences between rehabilitation methods. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 81 IS 6 BP 786 EP 788 DI 10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90112-6 PG 3 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 320EN UT WOS:000087389000018 PM 10857525 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Boboltz, DA AF Phillips, RB Boboltz, DA TI 86 GHz SiO masers toward Mira SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : individual (Mira) ID EMISSION; STARS; OH AB We observed the v = 1, J = 2 --> 1, 86 GHz SiO maser transition from Mira (o Ceti) near stellar pulsation phase phi = 0.3 with the Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array. Maser emission was detected on two of the baselines, and general size and brightness parameters were extracted. For this epoch (1998.26), we find that the maser features extend over roughly 1.5 to 2 stellar radii R-* in the north-south direction. The limited image fidelity was insufficient to assess whether a ringlike morphology typical of other evolved stars with SiO masers appears in Mira also. The brightness temperatures (less than or equal to 10(10.5) K) and spot sizes (greater than or equal to 0." 001) generally resemble those of other maser sources measured by VLBI at 86 GHz, such as VX Sgr and R Gas. We find no coherent velocity structure suggested by the 86 GHz SiO masers toward Mira. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3015 EP 3018 DI 10.1086/301376 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335ET UT WOS:000088231100035 ER PT J AU Douglass, GG Mason, BD Rafferty, TJ Holdenried, ER Germain, ME AF Douglass, GG Mason, BD Rafferty, TJ Holdenried, ER Germain, ME TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. V. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric AB The results of 1544 speckle interferometric observations of 637 binary stars, ranging in separation from 0." 125 to 5." 25, are tabulated. These observations were obtained using the 66 cm refractor at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, with an intensified CCD detector. This is the fifth in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this system and covers the period 1998 January I through December 31. Random errors for all measures are estimated to be 17.6 mas in separation and 0." 55/rho in position angle, where rho is the separation in arcseconds. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Douglass, GG (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3071 EP 3083 DI 10.1086/301373 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335ET UT WOS:000088231100042 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Odenkirchen, M Urban, S AF Makarov, VV Odenkirchen, M Urban, S TI Internal velocity dispersion in the Hyades as a test for Tycho-2 proper motions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : open clusters and associations : individual : Hyades; stars : kinematics; astrometry ID RADIAL-VELOCITIES; HIPPARCOS; DISTANCE; DYNAMICS AB The Hyades stars have highly coherent motions in space which reflect in the convergence of their astrometric proper motions in or about a common convergent point. The internal dispersion of the Hyades velocities is as low as about 0.3 km s(-1). This is comparable with the expected uncertainty of the Tycho-3, proper motion at the distance of the Hyades. The classical approach of using the proper motion components normal to the convergent point direction is employed for some 200 bona fide cluster members located in an area of some 2 000 deg(2) and ranging in V magnitude 3.4 to 12.1. It is demonstrated that with the most precise Tycho-2 proper motions for some 50 stars, the intrinsic dispersion is measurable at the level of 0.32 km s(-1), in agreement with previous estimations obtained from the Hipparcos data and radial velocities. When only 30 stars out of the 50 are considered, which are not known to be spectroscopic binaries, the observed scatter suggests a dispersion of only 0.22 km s(-1). The approach in use is model independent, and sets an upper limit on the intrinsic dispersion of velocities. It is shown for some 180 stars in common, that the Tycho-2 proper motions have a very similar precision to that of Hipparcos, but reveal fewer extreme deviants from the common convergent point direction. Tycho-2 proper motions are based on long series of observations, up to a 100 years, and are therefore less subject to the orbital motion effects in binaries. The ratio of the external error to the formal error of the Tycho-2 proper motions may be up to 1.3 for stars fainter than V-T = 8.5 mag. An alternative explanation for the extra scatter in low-precision subsets is discussed, that less massive stars may indeed have larger observed velocity dispersion due to the binarity effect. C1 Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Sternwarte Univ Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM makarov@astro.ku.dk OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 358 IS 3 BP 923 EP 928 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338MQ UT WOS:000088424200020 ER PT J AU Leggett, SK Allard, F Dahn, C Hauschildt, PH Kerr, TH Rayner, J AF Leggett, SK Allard, F Dahn, C Hauschildt, PH Kerr, TH Rayner, J TI Spectral energy distributions for disk and halo M dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : atmospheres; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; CM-DRACONIS; METALLICITY; SEQUENCE; COOL AB We have obtained infrared (1-2.5 mu m) spectroscopy for 42 halo and disk dwarfs with spectral types M1-M6.5. These data are compared to synthetic spectra generated by the latest model atmospheres of Allard & Hauschildt. Photospheric parameters metallicity, effective temperature, and radius are determined for the sample. We find good agreement between observation and theory except for known problems due to incomplete molecular data for metal hydrides and H2O. The metal-poor M subdwarfs are well matched by the models, as oxide opacity sources are less important in this case. The derived effective temperatures for the sample range from 3600 to 2600 K; at these temperatures grain formation and extinction are not significant in the photosphere. The derived metallicities range from solar to 1/10 solar. The radii and effective temperatures derived agree well with recent models of low-mass stars. The spectra are available in electronic form upon request. C1 Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NASA, Infrared Telescope Facil, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Leggett, SK (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 665 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 30 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 535 IS 2 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1086/308887 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327HY UT WOS:000087789500040 ER PT J AU Palinkas, LA Gunderson, E Holland, AW Miller, C Johnson, JC AF Palinkas, LA Gunderson, E Holland, AW Miller, C Johnson, JC TI Predictors of behavior and performance in extreme environments: The Antarctic space analogue program SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; performance; extreme environments; personality; interpersonal needs ID ASTRONAUT EFFECTIVENESS; MISSIONS; STRESS AB Background: To determine which, if any, characteristics should be incorporated into a select-in approach to screening personnel for longduration spaceflight, we examined the influence of crewmember social/demographic characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and characteristics of station physical environments on performance measures in 657 American men who spent an austral winter in Antarctica between 1963 and 1974. Methods: During screening, subjects completed a Personal History Questionnaire which obtained information on social and demographic characteristics, the Deep Freeze Opinion Survey which assessed 5 different personality traits, and the Fundamental interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) Scale which measured 6 dimensions of interpersonal needs. Station environment included measures of crew size and severity of physical environment. Performance was assessed on the basis of combined peer-supervisor evaluations of overall performance, peer nominations of fellow crewmembers who made ideal winter-over candidates, and self-reported depressive symptoms. Results: Social/demographic characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and characteristics of station environments collectively accounted for 9-17% of the variance in performance measures. The following characteristics were significant independent predictors of more than one performance measure: military service, low levels Of neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and a low desire for affection from others. Conclusions: These results represent an important first step in the development of select-in criteria for personnel on long-duration missions in space and other extreme environments. These criteria must take into consideration the characteristics of the environment and the limitations they place on meeting needs for interpersonal relations and task performance, as well as the characteristics of the individuals and groups who live and work in these environments. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Studies, Greenville, NC USA. RP Palinkas, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 321TA UT WOS:000087469700009 PM 10870821 ER PT J AU Shender, BS AF Shender, BS TI Crew resource management and the practice of medicine SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SciTech Watch, Crew Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), SciTech Watch, Crew Syst Div, Bldg 2187,Suite 2280, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 658 EP + PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 321TA UT WOS:000087469700015 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Schrader, AJ AF Sampson, CR Schrader, AJ TI The Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (Version 3.2) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL AB The Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (ATCF) is software intended to automate and optimize much of the tropical cyclone forecasting process. The system features global tracking capability, a suite of objective aids, and a user interface that allows simultaneous tracking of multiple tropical cyclones. The version discussed in this article, ATCF 3.2, runs on UNIX workstations. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Guam, the Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center in pearl Harbor, and the Naval Atlantic Meteorology and Oceanography Center in Norfolk successfully used ATCF 3.2 during the 1998 tropical cyclone season. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 NR 21 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1231 EP 1240 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<1231:TATCFS>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319FF UT WOS:000087330300003 ER PT J AU Smith, SJ Bank, LC Gentry, TR Nuss, KH Hurd, SH Duich, SJ Oh, B AF Smith, SJ Bank, LC Gentry, TR Nuss, KH Hurd, SH Duich, SJ Oh, B TI Analysis and testing of a prototype pultruded composite causeway structure SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE composite materials; finite element analysis; experimental; marine AB The preliminary design of a floating causeway system made from pultruded composite materials is described. As part of the design effort a 24-ft long x 15-ft wide x 5-ft high (7.3 m x 4.6 m x 1.5 m) pultruded GFRP scaled prototype was fabricated. Details of, and selected results from, the experimental testing and finite element modeling of this prototype are given. Testing revealed that the prototype composite structure was capable of supporting the expected service sustained loads, as well as, the lifting loads. Strain and deflection data indicated that minimal stress levels existed in the structure during testing. For predictive and comparative purposes, two finite element models were developed that corresponded to the sustained load and lifting load tests. These were relatively simple two-dimensional models, however, they effectively captured global and localized structural behavior. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Exponent Failure Anal Associates, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA USA. Nichols Adv Marine, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. AEPCO Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NSWC Carderock, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), Exponent Failure Anal Associates, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 49 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(99)00116-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 302TV UT WOS:000086382500003 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NI Kallinteris, GC Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Papanicolaou, NI Kallinteris, GC Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Second-moment interatomic potential for aluminum derived from total-energy calculations and molecular dynamics application SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID TRANSITION-METALS; SOLID METALS; SURFACE; STRAIN; ALLOYS AB We have obtained an interatomic potential for Al within the second-moment approximation of the tight-binding theory by fitting to the volume dependence of the total energy of the metal, computed by first-principles APW calculations. This scheme was applied to calculate the bulk modulus, elastic constants, vacancy formation and surface energies of Al. The predicted values are in good agreement with the measurements. We also have used this potential to perform molecular-dynamic simulations and determine the temperature dependence of the lattice constant and atomic mean-square displacements (MSDs), as well as the phonon spectra and surface related thermodynamic properties. A satisfactory accuracy has been obtained, denoting the success of the method. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papanicolaou, NI (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, POB 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2-4 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(00)00028-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 337NE UT WOS:000088367300024 ER PT J AU Rabinovici, R Spirig, A Abdullah, F Phillip, DR Ovadia, P Rudolph, A AF Rabinovici, R Spirig, A Abdullah, F Phillip, DR Ovadia, P Rudolph, A TI Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin does not exacerbate endotoxin-induced lung injury SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE blood substitutes; adult respiratory distress syndrome; cytokines ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; FACTOR-ALPHA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PAF ANTAGONIST; FACTOR RELEASE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RESPONSES; SEPSIS; RABBIT AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that liposome encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH), an experimental oxygen-carrying fluid, exacerbates endotoxin-induced lung injury in the rat, Design: Prospective, randomized animal study. Setting: University animal laboratory. Methods: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-13) were infused with LEH (10% of estimated total blood volume) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Thirty minutes later, Escherichia coli endotoxin (3.6 mg/kg, iv) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) was administered, and skeletal muscle oxygen tension as well as lung injury were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 hrs. Oxygen tension was measured using a miniaturized thin film oxygen sensor placed in the rectus abdominis muscle, and lung injury was evaluated by determining lung weights, lung myeloperoxidase activity, lung tissue tumor necrosis factor-a level, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results: The intravenous bolus injection of E. coli endotoxin elevated lung water content (33% +/- 5%; p < .01 vs. sham controls), myeloperoxidase activity (56% +/- 6%; p < .01), and tumor necrosis factor-a production (1320 +/- 154 pg/g lung tissue; p < .05 vs. undetected levels in sham controls), as well as induced protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (258% +/- 38%; p < .01) and skeletal muscle hypoxia (52 +/- 8 mm Hg; p < .05), Pretreatment with LEH, which when infused alone did not induce lung injury, had no effect on these responses. Conclusion: In this specific model of endotoxin-induced lung injury, LEH does not exacerbate microvascular leakage and leukosequestration, the hallmarks of adult respiratory distress syndrome. C1 Yale Univ, Sect Traums & Surg Crit Care, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovici, R (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sect Traums & Surg Crit Care, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 EI 1530-0293 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1924 EP 1930 DI 10.1097/00003246-200006000-00040 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324YF UT WOS:000087649000038 PM 10890643 ER PT J AU Bakaltcheva, I Leslie, S MacDonald, V Spargo, B Rudolph, A AF Bakaltcheva, I Leslie, S MacDonald, V Spargo, B Rudolph, A TI Reversible cross-linking and CO treatment as an approach in red cell stabilization SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte; stabilization; cryopreservation; reversible cross-linking; dimethyl 3,3-dithiobispropionimidate ID ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY; BLOOD-CELLS; SHAPE; SURFACES; OUTER AB We explored the use of the reversible cross-linking reagent dimethyl 3,3-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP) in combination with CO treatment as an approach to stabilizing erythrocyte structure and function. Erythrocytes were cross-linked with different concentrations of DTBP for different times. DTBP increased erythrocyte osmotic stability, blocked lysolecithin-induced echinocytosis, and decreased erythrocyte deformability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Reversal of the cross-linking with the reducing agent dithioerythritol (DTE) restored osmotic fragility and response to lysolecithin as well as deformability. Complete reversal, however, is a function of the DTBP concentration and the time of cross-linking. The effects of cross-linking with 5 mM DTBP for 1 h were completely reversible after treatment with 10 mM DTE for 20 min. Longer incubation times or higher concentrations of DTBP resulted in partial reversal by DTE of the effects produced by DTBP. Cross-linking and reversal only slightly reduced the ATP content. The hemoglobin contained in the cross-linked and reversed cells could still undergo reversible oxygenation and deoxygenation. Erythrocytes were pretreated with CO, cross-linked with 5 mM DTBP for 1 or 3 h, loaded with a solution containing 500 mM glucose for 24 h, and freeze-dried in a medium containing 15% (w/v) albumin. Rehydration followed in distilled water. Complete recovery, measured as the percentage of free hemoglobin, was achieved for cells cross-linked with 5 mM DTBP for 3 h and freeze-dried to a final water content of 10-15%, Non-cross-linked cells lysed 100% on rehydration in distilled water. No methemoglobin (MetHb) formation as a result of freeze-drying was detected in GO-treated cells. In non-GO-treated cells 20% of the Hb was converted to MetHb. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Geo Ctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. George Mason Univ, Shared Res Instrumentat Facil, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Rockville, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bakaltcheva, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1006/cryo.2000.2257 PG 17 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 344UK UT WOS:000088777300007 PM 10924266 ER PT J AU Witzmann, FA Carpenter, RL Ritchie, GD Wilson, CL Nordholm, AF Rossi, J AF Witzmann, FA Carpenter, RL Ritchie, GD Wilson, CL Nordholm, AF Rossi, J TI Toxicity of chemical mixtures: Proteomic analysis of persisting liver and kidney protein alterations induced by repeated exposure of rats to JP-8 jet fuel vapor SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE jet fuel; JP-8; vapor; liver proteins; kidney proteins; proteomics; lamin A; protein modification index; two-dimensional electrophoresis; mass spectrometry; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; glutathione-S-transferase ID 10-FORMYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; FISCHER-344 RATS; SUBSTANCE-P; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; IMMUNOTOXICITY; TRANSFERASES; PERSONNEL AB Male Sprague-Dawley rate were exposed by whole body inhalation to 1000 mg/m(3) +/- 10% JP-8 jet fuel vapor or room air control conditions for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for six consecutive weeks. Following a rest period of 82 days rats were sacrificed, and liver and kidney tissues examined by proteomic methods for both total protein abundance and protein charge modification. Kidney and lung samples were solubilized and separated via large scale, high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and gel patterns scanned, digitized and processed for statistical analysis. Through the use of peptide mass fingerprinting, confirmed by sequence tag analysis, three altered proteins were identified and quantified. Numerical, but not significantly different increases were found in total abundance of lamin A (NCBI Accession No. 1346413) in the liver, and of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (10-FTHF DH, #1346044) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST; #2393724) in the kidneys of vapor-exposed subjects. Protein charge modification index (CMI) analysis indicated significant alterations (P < 0.001) in expressed lamin A and 10-FTHF DH. These persisting changes in liver and kidney proteins are discussed in terms of possible alterations in the functional capacity of exposed subjects. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, Columbus, IN 47204 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Witzmann, FA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, 4601 Cent Ave, Columbus, IN 47204 USA. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2138 EP 2147 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(20000601)21:11<2138::AID-ELPS2138>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 330RN UT WOS:000087975100007 PM 10892725 ER PT J AU White, DA Beyler, CL Williams, FW Tatem, PA AF White, DA Beyler, CL Williams, FW Tatem, PA TI Modeling missile propellant fires in shipboard compartments SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB There are a number of shipboard situations where the unintentional burning of missile propellant is a concern. Full-scale test programs have investigated the phenomena associated with propellant fires. An existing computer fire model, FAST, was modified to account for fire phenomena specific to missile propellant combustion. The modified computer program and the developed missile propellant burning rate algorithm were exercised in blind predictions of full-scale tests. Comparisons between the blind predictions and the test data are presented, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beyler, CL (reprint author), Hughes Associates Inc, Suite 817,3610 Commerce Dr, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 34 IS 4 BP 321 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(00)00005-9 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 320JM UT WOS:000087398100001 ER PT J AU Strong, AE Kearns, EJ Gjovig, KK AF Strong, AE Kearns, EJ Gjovig, KK TI Sea surface temperature signals from satellites - An update SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN AB Polar satellite-derived observations of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have been used routinely since 1982 to provide a complete monitoring of our planet, covering all corners of the oceans (unless covered by clouds) twice each day. In 1992, an initial glimpse was published (Strong, 1992) of some tendencies that had been observed during the 1980s. Now that seven additional years of NOAA satellite SST data have become available, the earlier time-series (Strong, 1992) has been up-dated. In this analysis of the global nighttime SSTs, care was taken to avoid the anomalous conditions found during the 1982-83 El Chichon aerosols, 1991-92 Mt. Pinatubo aerosols, and the strong El Nino of 1997-98. Evidence of warming is found to be present throughout much of the Tropics and in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere. Estimates from the Southern Hemisphere, while strongly indicative of compensatory cooling in the region, are found to be not as reliable. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Strong, AE (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011 NR 14 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1667 EP 1670 DI 10.1029/1999GL002392 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 320GU UT WOS:000087394100026 ER PT J AU Strutz, SJ Biernacki, P Nichols, L Williams, KJ AF Strutz, SJ Biernacki, P Nichols, L Williams, KJ TI Demonstration of a wide-band image rejection microwave downconverter SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical communication; optical fiber communications; optical frequency conversion; microwave links; microwave photonics ID LINK; PERFORMANCE; MODULATORS; DISTORTION; RECEIVER; MIXER AB A photonic image-rejection downconverter capable of down-converting radio-frequency (RF) signals over a range of 5-18 GHz into an IF band 2.1 GHz wide (3.3-5.4 GHz) is presented. RF signals received by the system are first up-converted into the passband of a 21.3-23.4-GHz filter, and then optically down-converted to 3.3-5.4 GHz. The system exhibited better than 60 dB of image rejection over its entire bandwidth and spurious signals resulting from harmonic mixing products were more than 25 dB below the downconverted signal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strutz, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 687 EP 689 DI 10.1109/68.849085 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 334VW UT WOS:000088207200033 ER PT J AU Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Burke, EA AF Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Burke, EA TI Probability model for cumulative solar proton event fluences SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effectson Components and Systems (RADECS '99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE AB A new model of cumulative solar proton event fluences is presented. It allows the expected total fluence to be calculated for a given confidence level and for time periods corresponding to space missions. The new model is in reasonable agreement with the JPL91 model over their common proton energy range of > 1 to > 60 MeV. The current model extends this energy range to > 300 MeV. It also incorporates more recent data which tends to make predicted fluences slightly higher than JPL91. For the first time, an analytic solution is obtained for this problem of accumulated fluence over a mission. Several techniques are used, including Maximum Entropy, to show the solution is well represented as a lognormal probability distribution of the total fluence. The advantages are that it is relatively easy to work with and to update as more solar proton event data become available. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xapsos, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1109/23.856469 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 337TR UT WOS:000088378200004 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Melinger, JS Buchner, S AF McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Melinger, JS Buchner, S TI Charge-collection efficiency of GaAs field effect transistors fabricated with a low-temperature grown buffer layer: Dependence on charge deposition profile SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effectson Components and Systems (RADECS '99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE ID HETEROSTRUCTURE FETS; MESFETS; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION AB The dependence of the charge-collection processes of LT GaAs field-effect transistors on the depth profile of the deposited carriers is examined using computer simulation and laser-induced charge-collection measurements. The charge-collection simulations reveal a surprising dependence of the charge-collection efficiency on the location of the deposited charge, such that the charge-collection efficiency is largest for charge deposition below the LT GaAs buffer layer. These results implicate the significant role of charge-enhancement phenomena in the charge-collection processes of LT GaAs FETs. Experimental measurements performed as a function of the optical penetration depth support the conclusions of the simulation study. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 498 EP 507 DI 10.1109/23.856471 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 337TR UT WOS:000088378200006 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Buchner, S Scott, T Brown, RD Haddad, NF AF McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Buchner, S Scott, T Brown, RD Haddad, NF TI Application of a pulsed laser for evaluation and optimization of SEU-hard designs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effectson Components and Systems (RADECS '99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE ID SINGLE EVENT UPSET; INDUCED LATCHUP; VALIDATION AB Pulsed laser single-event upset tests are used to pinpoint and characterize sensitive nodes of circuits and to provide feedback relevant to the development and optimization of radiation-hard designs. The results presented reveal the advantages of incorporating laser evaluation at an early stage into programs designed for the development of radiation-hardened parts. A quantitative correlation is observed between the laser single-event upset and single-event latchup threshold measurements and those performed using accelerator-based heavy ion testing methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lockheed Martin Space & Commun, Manassas, VA USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1109/23.856480 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 337TR UT WOS:000088378200015 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Campbell, AB Meehan, T Clark, KA McMorrow, D Dyer, C Sanderson, C Comber, C Kuboyama, S AF Buchner, S Campbell, AB Meehan, T Clark, KA McMorrow, D Dyer, C Sanderson, C Comber, C Kuboyama, S TI Investigation of single-ion multiple-bit upsets in memories on board a space experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effectson Components and Systems (RADECS '99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE ID RADIATION AB Multiple-bit upsets were observed in two types of memories operating in the radiation environment of space. They have been categorized according to their orbital location, amount of shielding and upset multiplicity. The mechanisms responsible have been identified from ground testing of identical memories using both energetic ions and pulsed laser light. With the aid of bit-maps (generated with the pulsed laser) multiple-bit upsets could, in most cases, be attributed to one of three mechanisms, i.e., charge diffusion away from an ion strike, an ion strike to control circuitry, and an ion track intersecting a number of memory cells. Heavy-ion strikes to peripheral circuits on the memory chip generated multiple-bit upsets involving as many as twenty-one cells. Proton-induced multiple-bit upset rates have been calculated for the spacecraft orbit, and the results show good agreement with measured rates. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DERA, Dept Space, Farnborough, Hants, England. EDS Def Ltd, Fleet, Hants, England. NASDA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 705 EP 711 DI 10.1109/23.856502 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 337TR UT WOS:000088378200037 ER PT J AU Barak, J Barth, JL Seidleck, CM Marshall, CJ Marshall, PW Carts, MA Reed, RA AF Barak, J Barth, JL Seidleck, CM Marshall, CJ Marshall, PW Carts, MA Reed, RA TI Single event upsets in the dual-port-board SRAMs of the MPTB experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effectson Components and Systems (RADECS '99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE ID SEU AB The in-flight data of SEUs in the devices of panels B and C of the MPTB experiments are presented. Ground test data for M65656 are used to calculate the SEU rates in this device using the calculated flux of ions along the orbit. The models used are CREME96, simple expressions derived here, and the figure of merit model. A very good agreement is found between these calculations and the observed rates. C1 NASA, Raytheon ST Syst Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SFA Inc, NRL, Largo, MD 20785 USA. Soreq NRC, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. RP Barak, J (reprint author), NASA, Raytheon ST Syst Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 562-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 712 EP 717 DI 10.1109/23.856503 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 337TR UT WOS:000088378200038 ER PT J AU Abe, DK Ngo, MT Levush, B Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP AF Abe, DK Ngo, MT Levush, B Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP TI A comparison of L-band helix TWT experiments with CHRISTINE, a 1-D multifrequency helix TWT code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE helix; large-signal one-dimensional(1-D) model; tape helix model; traveling-wave tube AB Extensive experimental measurements were carried out to test the accuracy of the parametric helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) code, CHRISTINE [1], The model is one-dimensional, with beam electrons represented as rigid disks, Multifrequency interactions are supported and the RF circuit can be optionally represented with cold-test data, a sheath helix model, or a recently implemented tape helix model [2], Simulations using the tape helix model are shown to be in good agreement with experimental measurements of an L-band TWT over a broad (250-MHz) frequency range. In the intermediate and saturated power regimes, the modeled and measured TWT gain versus frequency agree to better than 0.4 dB, with deviations explained by strong reflections at the output window that are not accounted for in the code. Single-tone experimental and simulated drive curves agree to better than 1 dB in the small- and large-signal regimes; relative phase shift simulations agree to within experimental measurement accuracy in the small-signal regime and to within 75% in the large-signal regime. Two-tone experimental and modeled data exhibit similarly good agreement, with CHRISTINE accurately predicting the effect of frequency-dependent gain variations on the TWT output response and third- and fifth-order intermodulation products. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 576 EP 587 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900017 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Garven, M Danly, BG AF Calame, JP Garven, M Danly, BG TI Measurement of beam-loaded resonant frequency and quality factor in a gyroklystron input cavity using noise emissions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beam; gyroklystron; noise; resonant cavity ID 35 GHZ GYROKLYSTRON; SHOT-NOISE; HIGH-POWER; AMPLIFIER; 2-CAVITY; DESIGN; SHIFT AB The spectral shape of noise emissions from a 35-GHz gyroklystron input cavity is used to directly measure the cavity resonant frequency and quality factor under beam-loaded conditions. The quality factors obtained with this technique at a number of magnetic fields are found to be consistent with quality factors obtained from reflection coefficient measurements made at the identical operating points. The measured variation in quality factor is used to identify various regimes of operation based on input cavity coupling. Comparisons between the measurements and simulations are in good agreement in resonant frequency, but moderate discrepancies in quality factor exist. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 638 EP 644 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900025 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP TI System for measuring the size of high-current density solid electron beams SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beam analyzer; magnicon ID MICROWAVE AB A measurement system is described for determining the size of a high-current density solid electron beam from a Pierce-type electron gun, The apparatus incorporates ten graphite apertures and two graphite tubes mounted at 30 degrees intervals on an off-axis drum that is rotated by a stepper motor. The graphite apertures are used to make localized beam-edge current-interception measurements at ten discrete locations at l-cm intervals along the length of the beam. The graphite tubes can be used either to produce an integrated edge-current profile over an 11.4-cm length of the beam, or to measure the net current outside of two specific diameters centered on the beam axis. The active aperture or tube and its position with respect to the beam axis are determined by the orientation of the drum, which is read out using an absolute shaft encoder. This permits the position of each aperture or tube to be determined to an accuracy of 60 mum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 665 EP 671 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900029 ER PT J AU Garven, M Calame, JP Nguyen, KT Danly, BG Levush, B Wood, FN AF Garven, M Calame, JP Nguyen, KT Danly, BG Levush, B Wood, FN TI Experimental studies of a four-cavity, 35 GHz gyroklystron amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beam; gyroklystron; millimeter-wave (mm-wave) amplifier ID HIGH-POWER; BAND GYROKLYSTRON; BANDWIDTH; 3-CAVITY; GYROTRON; DESIGN AB The experimental results from a four-cavity, Ka-band gyroklystron amplifier operating in the (TE)(011) cylindrical mode at the fundamental of the cyclotron frequency are presented. A peak output power of 208 kW at 34.90 GHz, with a 3-dB band-width of 178 MHz (0.5%), an electronic efficiency of 30%, and a saturated gain of 53 dB was obtained with a 72-kV, 9.6-A electron beam at a magnetic field of 12.95 kG and a measured beam velocity ratio of 1.36, The magnetic field was found to have a strong influence on the power-bandwidth tradeoff. At 13.35 kG, a peak output power of 174 kW at 34.90 GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth of 240 MHz (0.7%), an electronic efficiency of 25%, and a saturated gain of 56 dB was obtained with the same beam parameters. The gyroklystron amplifier was unconditionally stable at these operating points and stability studies are reported. Experimental results were found to be in excellent agreement with large signal simulations. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. Dyncorp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Garven, M (reprint author), Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 672 EP 680 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900030 ER PT J AU Blank, M Danly, BG Levush, B AF Blank, M Danly, BG Levush, B TI Experimental demonstration of W-band gyroklystron amplifiers with improved gain and efficiency SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gyroklystron; high-power amplifier; millimeter wave ID DESIGN AB The experimental demonstrations of two W-band gyroklystron amplifiers are reported. A four-cavity amplifier operating near 93 GHz achieved 84-kW peak output power and 34% efficiency for a 56-kV 4.4-A electron beam, The measured full-width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth was 370 MHz. A five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier produced 72-kW peak output power and 27% efficiency with 410-MHz FWHM bandwidth centered at 93.4 GHz with 50-dB saturated gain. Both,amplifiers were zero-drive stable at the operating points. The results from both experiments are compared with theory and good agreement is obtained. C1 Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blank, M (reprint author), Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 706 EP 712 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900035 ER PT J AU Danly, BG Blank, M Calame, JP Levush, B Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Parker, RK Felch, KL James, BG Borchard, P Cahalan, P Chu, TS Jory, HR Hargreaves, TA True, RB Lawson, WG Antonsen, TM AF Danly, BG Blank, M Calame, JP Levush, B Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Parker, RK Felch, KL James, BG Borchard, P Cahalan, P Chu, TS Jory, HR Hargreaves, TA True, RB Lawson, WG Antonsen, TM TI Development and testing of a high-average power, 94-GHz gyroklystron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amplifier; gyro-klystron; gyrotron; millimeter wave; W-band ID GYRO-TWT; RADAR APPLICATIONS; 35 GHZ; AMPLIFIER; DESIGN; BANDWIDTH; GAIN; 3-CAVITY; DEVICES; CAVITY AB The development of a 10-kW average power, 94-GHz gyroklystron amplifier is described. This average power was obtained with 11% radio frequency (RF) duty factor and 92-kW peak power in the TE01 circular cavity mode. ThC instantaneous bandwidth was 420 MHz, and the efficiency was 33.5%. Low-duty-factor testing also yielded a peak power of as much as 115 kW with 600-MHz instantaneous bandwidth. This development effort was carried out over the past three years and represents record average power performance in an amplifier at this frequency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. Commun & Power Industries, Microwave Power Prod Div, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Litton Industries Inc, Electron Devices Div, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Danly, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 45 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 713 EP 726 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900036 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Lau, YY Levush, B AF Jensen, KL Lau, YY Levush, B TI Migration and escape of barium atoms in a thermionic cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathode activities; cathode life; thermionic cathode AB A quantitative study of the physical processes on a thermionic cathode that are crucial to both cathode life and noise are investigated. Of particular interest are the transport of the barium atoms from the cathode interior to the cathode surface and beyond. To investigate these physical processes, a model of barium migration to the surface and its subsequent removal by bulk and monolayer evaporation and ion;sputtering is presented. This model incorporates material and tube environment parameters for the calculation of key terms governing diffusion, evaporation, and sputtering. Estimates of coverage, adsorbate work function values, lifetime, and current density are made, which are in qualitative agreement with the experiment. The model is based on a hopping model of barium diffusion to determine barium concentration within the cathode and the surface coverage ratio. Insofar as possible, all parameters are determined from simple models of the underlying physical processes. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 772 EP 781 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900041 ER PT J AU Lau, YY Chernin, DP Manheimer, WM AF Lau, YY Chernin, DP Manheimer, WM TI A note on low-frequency ion noise and its reduction in linear beam microwave tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE noise; phase noise; traveling-wave tubes AB A simple theory based on electron motion in the spatially periodic potential produced by beam scalloping due to focusing mismatch is presented to explain some key features of low frequency ion-induced phase noise. In particular, the theory presented here predicts: 1) relatively high sensitivity of phase noise levels to the strength of the magnetic focusing field and cathode voltage; 2) marginal sensitivity of phase noise to cathode heater filament voltage; and 3) relatively low sensitivity of phase noise to radio frequency (RF) drive level and collector voltage. It is shown that, in the event that beam scalloping due to mismatch cannot be avoided, a simple and effective way to suppress low-frequency phase noise is adjustment of the magnetic field so that the interaction length is an integral multiple of the scalloping wavelength. This conclusion is independent of the details of the dynamics of the ions, and therefore independent of the details of the ion noise spectrum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Technol Div, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Technol Div, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 790 EP 793 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900043 ER PT J AU Lau, YY Jensen, KL Levush, B AF Lau, YY Jensen, KL Levush, B TI A comparison of flicker noise and shot noise on a hot cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathode noise; emission noise; flicker noise ID GHZ GYROKLYSTRON; ELECTRON AB A simple formula is constructed that gives an immediate assessment of the relative importance of flicker noise and shot noise on a hot cathode, which is operated in the temperature limited regime. Its synthesis is guided by previous measurements of emission noise on various cathodes. Other than the system parameters that are specified by the applications, the formula depends only on the "crossover frequency," at which the flicker noise spectral density is equal to the shot noise spectral density. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Technol Div, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Technol Div, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 794 EP 797 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900044 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Mondelli, AA Levush, B Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP McClure, TH Whaley, DR Basten, M AF Cooke, SJ Mondelli, AA Levush, B Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP McClure, TH Whaley, DR Basten, M TI CTLSS - An advanced electromagnetic simulation tool for designing high-power microwave sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHRISTINE; computational electromagnetics; CTLSS; high power microwaves; large signal models; modeling and simulation; simulation-based design; vacuum electron devices ID COMPLEX-COORDINATE CONTOURS; HERMITIAN LINEAR-SYSTEMS; INTERACTION IMPEDANCE; EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; EQUATION; IMPLEMENTATION; ITERATION; ALGORITHM; MATRICES; QMR AB Simulation-based-design (SBD) techniques to achieve "first-pass design success" depend on the development of fast, accurate, realistic models that can handle material properties, geometry, and appropriate boundary conditions. This paper describes a new three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic and large-signal simulation tool, Cold-Test and Large-Signal Simulator (CTLSS), which has been developed as part of an SBD tool suite for vacuum electron devices. Computational electromagnetic codes are essential for applying the SBD methodology to the design of vacuum electron devices and components. CTLSS offers the unique advantage that its computational electromagnetics model is linked intimately with a large-signal simulation tool for computing the electron-wave interaction in the radiating structure. Currently, this link has been implemented for helix traveling-wave tubes (TWT's) only, using the CHRISTINE code as the large-signal model, but a new, general, large-signal model is under development and is described in this paper. The electromagnetic simulation engine in CTLSS has been designed and implemented as a volumetric frequency-domain model that can handle both resonant eigenvalue problems, using the Jacobi-Davidson algorithm, and nonresonant driven-frequency problems, using the quasi-minimal residual (QMR) technique to invert the non-Hermitian matrices that often occur in real problems. The features and advantages of this code relative to other models and results from the code for several classes of microwave devices are presented. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Technol Grp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, ESSS DSD, Rolling Meadows, IL USA. RP Mondelli, AA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Technol Grp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 841 EP 866 PG 26 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900049 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Levush, B Antonsen, TM Botton, M Blank, M Calame, JP Danly, BG AF Nguyen, KT Levush, B Antonsen, TM Botton, M Blank, M Calame, JP Danly, BG TI Modeling of gyroklystrons with MAGY SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gyroamplifiers; gyroklystrons; output tapers; window reflection ID GYROTRON; REFLECTION; AMPLIFIERS; OPERATION; DESIGN AB The self-consistent time-dependent code MAGY is presently being used for designing and modeling gyrodevices, In this paper, the code's self-consistent capability is used to investigate three different issues relating to the operation of gyroklystron amplifiers. These are the effect of window reflection on the properties of the output waves, higher order made excitation in nonlinear output tapers, and excitation in cutoff drift sections. The first two effects can potentially have major impacts on the gyroklystron output radio frequency (RF) in terms of bandwidth po,ver ripple, phase ripple across the band, and mode purity. In fact, strong correlation between simulation results and experimental data indicates that the observed bandwidth ripple in a recently tested W-band gyroklystron can be attributed to a small (-20 dB) window reflection. The last effect, excitation in cutoff drift sections, is found to result in a high level of RF fields at the drive frequency in drift sections. This effect impacts the design and use of lossy ceramics in the drift section because of thermal considerations, particularly in high average power devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 867 EP 886 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900050 ER PT J AU Fischer, RP Fliflet, AW AF Fischer, RP Fliflet, AW TI Velocity ratio measurements on a 20-60 kV quasi-optical gyrotron electron beam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capacitive probe; electron reflection; magnetron injection gun; quasi-optical gyrotron; velocity ratio ID GUN; GYROKLYSTRON; DESIGN; SPREAD AB This paper describes experimental measurements of the velocity ratio (alpha = v(perpendicular to)/v(parallel to)) of an annular electron beam for use in a quasi-optical gyrotron (QOG), The electron gun was originally designed for 80-kV 35-A operation, and identical guns have been used in gyrotron experiments by several research groups. A pair of capacitive probes in the drift region are used to characterize the beam over a wide range of voltage (20-60 kV) and current (0-6 A) while varying the magnetic compression and the intermediate;anode voltage. At low-beam voltage, the peak measured values of ct are much lower than those calculated from electron trajectory simulations. The capacitive probe results indicate that electrons reflecting from the peak of the magnetic field are important. Increasing the operating voltage of the gun to 50 kV greatly improves the quality of the electron beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 910 EP 917 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900054 ER PT J AU Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Fischer, RP Lewis, D Kurihara, LK Bender, BA Chow, GM Rayne, RJ AF Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Fischer, RP Lewis, D Kurihara, LK Bender, BA Chow, GM Rayne, RJ TI A study of millimeter-wave sintering of fine-grained alumina compacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microwave ceramic densification; microwave ceramic sintering; microwave heating; millimeter-wave; nonthermal microwave enhancement effect ID MICROWAVE; TRANSPORT; CERAMICS; OXYGEN; FIELD AB A number of high-frequency microwave sintering studies of alumina have reported that sintering proceeds much faster in microwave furnaces when compared to conventional furnaces, and that densification can occur at lower temperatures. These differences have motivated the search for a nonthermal microwave enhancement effect such as the time-averaged microwave field-induced mass transport effect proposed by Rybakov and Semenov. To assess the difference between microwave and conventional sintering, and the presence of a nonthermal effect in microwave sintering, a study of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) (35 GHz) sintering has been conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) using a well-studied fine-grained (submicron) commercial alumina with reproducibly manufactured properties, Sumitomo AKP-50, This paper reports our results, which generally indicate no large differences in the required temperatures for densification of conventionally and microwave sintered compacts, or between the resulting microstructures, The nonthermal effect proposed by Ryakov and Semenov was evaluated for fine-grained alumina and found to be small compared to the surface energy driving force for sintering. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Potomac Res Int, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Fliflet, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 924 EP 935 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900056 ER PT J AU McDermott, DB Hirata, Y Dressman, LJ Gallagher, DA Luhmann, NC AF McDermott, DB Hirata, Y Dressman, LJ Gallagher, DA Luhmann, NC TI Efficient Ka-band second-harmonic slotted peniotron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE axis-encircling electron beam; Cusp electron gun; diffraction coupled cavity; harmonic; peniotron; slotted cavity ID POWER MICROWAVE GENERATION; GYRO-PENIOTRON; WAVE-GUIDE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; OSCILLATOR; GYROTRONS; MODE; INSTABILITIES; OPERATION; MASER AB A harmonic peniotron has been designed for high efficiency and relative immunity to mode competition from gyrotron interactions. The device employs a 70-kV, 3.5-A, axis-encircling electron beam. To ensure stability from competing gyrotron interactions, the peniotron will operate in the lowest-order mode of a dotted four vane circuit, the pi /2-mode. The cavity is strongly diffraction coupled for a high circuit efficiency. The 33-GHz, slotted second-harmonic peniotron is predicted to yield 125 kW with an electron efficiency of 58 % and a device efficiency of 52%, The device is being constructed at the University of California at Davis and will be driven by a recently developed Northrop Grumman (Rolling Meadows, IL) cusp electron gun. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. RP McDermott, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 953 EP 958 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 380VJ UT WOS:000165723900059 ER PT J AU Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ AF Makeig, S Enghoff, S Jung, TP Sejnowski, TJ TI A natural basis for efficient brain-actuated control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON REHABILITATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALLY INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS; VISUAL-SPATIAL ATTENTION; BLIND SEPARATION AB The prospect of noninvasive brain-actuated control of computerized screen displays or locomotive devices is of interest to many and of crucial importance to a few 'locked-in' subjects who experience near total motor paralysis while retaining sensory and mental faculties. Currently several groups are attempting to achieve brain-actuated control of screen displays using operant conditioning of particular features of the spontaneous scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) including central mu-rhythms (9-12 Hz). A new EEG decomposition technique, independent component analysis (ICA), appears to he a foundation fur new research in the design of systems for detection and operant control of endogenous EEG rhythms to achieve flexible EEG-based communication. ICA separates multichannel EEG data into spatially static and temporally independent components including separate components accounting fur posterior alpha rhythms and central mu activities. We demonstrate using data from a visual selective attention task that ICA-derived mu-components can show much stronger spectral reactivity to motor events than activity measures for single scalp channels. ICA decompositions of spontaneous EEG would thus appear to form a natural basis for operant conditioning to achieve efficient and multidimensional brain-actuated control in motor-limited and locked-in subjects. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Makeig, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1063-6528 J9 IEEE T REHABIL ENG JI IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1109/86.847818 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Rehabilitation GA 330TF UT WOS:000087976700013 PM 10896189 ER PT J AU Franke, ED Sette, A Sacci, J Southwood, S Corradin, G Hoffman, SL AF Franke, ED Sette, A Sacci, J Southwood, S Corradin, G Hoffman, SL TI A subdominant CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein induces CTLs that eliminate infected hepatocytes from culture SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-ANTIGEN PEPTIDES; IN-VIVO; PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES; DNA IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CELL EPITOPES; MALARIA; INDUCTION; BINDING; SPOROZOITES AB Previous studies indicated that the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP) 57-70 region elicits T cells capable of eliminating infected hepatocytes in vitro. Herein, we report that the PyCSP58-67 sequence contains an H-2(d) binding motif; which binds purified K-d molecules in vitro with low affinity (3,267 nM) and encodes an H-2(d)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope. Immunization of BALB/c mice with three doses of a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) construct containing four branches of amino acids 57 to 70 linked to a lysine-glycine core [MAP4(PyCSP57-70)] and Lipofectin as the adjuvant induced both T-cell proliferation and a peptide-specific CTL response that was PyCSP59-67 specific, H-2(d) restricted, and CD8(+) T cell dependent. Immunization with either DNA encoding the PyCSP or irradiated sporozoites demonstrated that this CTL epitope is subdominant since it is not recognized in the context of whole CSP immunization. The biological relevance of this CTL response was underlined by the demonstration that it could mediate genetically restricted, CD8(+)- and nitric-oxide-dependent elimination of infected hepatocytes in vitro, as well as partial protection of BALB/c mice against sporozoite challenge. These findings indicate that subdominant epitopes with low major histocompatibility complex affinity can be used to engineer epitope-based vaccines and have implications for the selection of epitopes for subunit-based vaccines. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Epimmune, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Lausanne, Inst Biochem, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. RP Franke, ED (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 1W36A,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Villasante, Eileen/G-3602-2011 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 6 BP 3403 EP 3411 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3403-3411.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 316LF UT WOS:000087167900047 PM 10816491 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM AF Bollt, EM TI Model selection, confidence and scaling in predicting chaotic time-series SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; ATTRACTORS AB Assuming a good embedding and additive noise, the traditional approach to time-series embedding prediction has been to predict pointwise by (usually linear) regression of the k-nearest neighbors; no good mathematics has been previously developed to appropriately select the model (where to truncate Taylor's series) to balance the conflict between noise fluctuations of a small Ic, and large k data needs of fitting many parameters of a high ordered model. We present a systematic approach to: (1) select the statistically significant neighborhood for a fixed (usually linear)model, (2) give an unbiased estimate of predicted mean response together with a statement of quality of the prediction in terms of confidence bands. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD JUN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1407 EP 1422 DI 10.1142/S0218127400000906 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 349HF UT WOS:000089039100007 ER PT J AU Shashidhar, R Geer, RE AF Shashidhar, R Geer, RE TI Surface-induced undulations in a liquid crystalline polymer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Technical Meeting of the Society-of-Engineering-Science CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL WASHING ST UNIV, PULLMAN, WASHINGTON SP Soc Engn Sci HO WASHING ST UNIV ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MULTILAYER FILMS; ROUGHNESS AB We have carried out X-ray reflectivity as well as X-ray diffuse scattering studies on thin liquid crystalline polymers formed on solid surfaces. Due to the microphase separation of the siloxane backbone from the mesogenic end group, the polymer films form extremely ordered layers in which the thermal fluctuations are highly quenched. This enables us to probe quantitatively the nature of the static undulations of the layer induced by the roughness of the underlying surface. We show that penetration of depth of surface undulations is greater than the film thickness of the polymer films, in agreement with the theoretical predictions of P.G, de Gennes (The Physics of Liquid Crystals, Oxford University Press, London, 1974). (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Res Fdn, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Shashidhar, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 9600, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9-10 BP 1049 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/S0020-7225(99)00103-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 315KE UT WOS:000087112300008 ER PT J AU Liu, WP Brodie, GH AF Liu, WP Brodie, GH TI A demonstration of MEMS-based active turbulence transitioning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements CY MAY, 1999 CL AJACCIO, FRANCE DE flow control; shear stress; acoustic perturbations; transition; turbulence; cylinder; MEMS; sensors ID ACOUSTIC EXCITATION; SEPARATION; AIRFOIL AB At Re = 25000 an active transition to turbulence was demonstrated on a cylinder equipped with flush mounted micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) shear stress sensor arrays and a thin spanwise slit for internal acoustic perturbations. MEMS hot film sensor arrays measured separation and vortex shedding data which were used to aim and tune acoustic perturbations to the boundary layer; this produced an instability-driven acceleration of the transition process. Perturbations tuned to the instability frequencies (Strouhal number of 2 at Re = 25000) and directed at the separation point achieved dramatically higher root-mean-square (RMS) fluctuation levels, thereby delaying separation and reducing wake velocity delicits of the cylinder. Time histories and spectral analysis map the amplification of the input disturbances by the shear layer instability. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. RP Liu, WP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0142-727X(00)00013-8 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 318PP UT WOS:000087293200009 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Moore, WJ Yang, MJ Shanabrook, BV AF Bennett, BR Moore, WJ Yang, MJ Shanabrook, BV TI Transport properties of Be- and Si-doped AlSb SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SINGLE QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRON ACCUMULATION; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; ALSB/INAS HEMTS; INAS/ALSB; EMISSION; DONORS; DEVICE AB Thick epitaxial layers of AlSb(Si) and AlSb(Be) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by variable-temperature Hall/van der Pauw measurements. Si is shown to be predominantly an acceptor in AlSb, with an energy level 33 +/- 4 meV above the top of the valence band. Be is also an acceptor, with an energy level 38 +/- 4 meV above the top of the valence band. Be is a robust doping source for p-AlSb for carrier densities ranging from 10(15) to 10(19) cm(-3). Background impurity levels in AlSb can be assessed by measuring the transport properties of lightly doped AlSb(Be) layers. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)00811-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 11 BP 7876 EP 7879 DI 10.1063/1.373470 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QP UT WOS:000087067400042 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shih, A AF Yater, JE Shih, A TI Secondary electron emission characteristics of single-crystal and polycrystalline diamond SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION; AFFINITY SURFACES; CESIUM; HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; NITRIDE; FILMS AB Secondary electron emission spectroscopy (SEES) is used to examine the transport and emission of low-energy electrons in diamond. In particular, SEES measurements from single-crystal (100) and (111) diamond and polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond are compared in order to examine the effect of crystallographic orientation on the emission characteristics. Crystal orientation is found to influence the surface properties of the samples but not the low-energy transport properties. Specifically, very high yields are obtained from negative-electron-affinity (NEA) surfaces of all three samples, indicating that low-energy electrons are transported and emitted very efficiently regardless of crystal orientation. However, the energy distributions measured from adsorbate-covered C(111) surfaces are broader and shifted lower in energy than those measured from corresponding C(100) surfaces. In fact, the energy distributions measured from polycrystalline CVD diamond surfaces appear to be a superposition of the energy distributions measured from the (100) and (111) crystal faces. For all three samples, a broader, lower-energy distribution is measured from cesiated NEA surfaces than from hydrogenated NEA surfaces. This indicates that the electron emission process differs at the two types of surfaces. The emission characteristics observed for the different crystal orientations and adsorbate coverages can be understood by considering the role of surface structure in the emission process. [S0021-8979(00)04711-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 11 BP 8103 EP 8112 DI 10.1063/1.373505 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QP UT WOS:000087067400078 ER PT J AU Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Fatemi, M Lin-Chung, PJ Moore, WJ Yang, CH AF Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Fatemi, M Lin-Chung, PJ Moore, WJ Yang, CH TI Photoluminescence of InAs1-xSbx/AlSb single quantum wells: Transition from type-II to type-I band alignment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; ALSB/INAS HEMTS; LOW-VOLTAGE; INAS; GROWTH; OFFSETS; LASERS AB Infrared photoluminescence has been used to study the band-gap energy of InAs1-xSbx digital superlattices and band alignment of InAs1-xSbx/AlSb quantum wells at 5 K. It is found that the InAs1-xSbx digital alloys have a smaller effective band gap than InAs1-xSbx random alloys. In addition, the valence band offset between type-II InAs/AlSb is determined to be 130 meV. This number reduces as the Sb mole fraction in InAs1-xSbx is increased, and the alignment between InAs1-xSbx/AlSb becomes type I when x > 0.15. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)03911-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yang, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 11 BP 8192 EP 8194 DI 10.1063/1.373517 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QP UT WOS:000087067400090 ER PT J AU Fatemi, M AF Fatemi, M TI Comment on "Analysis of high-resolution x-ray diffraction in semiconductor strained layers" [J. Appl. Phys. 86, 782 (1999)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The multilinear regression analysis proposed for optimizing the measurements and minimization of errors in the x-ray peak separation method is examined. It is shown that the interpretation of the residuals as the errors of the physical variables leads to paradoxical conclusions, and prevents the definition of a unique numerical value for the probable error. It is also shown that if the method is to yield a permissible set of lattice parameters, the residuals of the best fit must fall within the range of experimental uncertainties estimated in advance. Thus, the residuals are only useful as a measure of the internal consistency among the data, but they cannot be used to quantify or minimize the errors within that set. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)03511-8]. C1 USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, M (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 11 BP 8212 EP 8214 DI 10.1063/1.373524 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QP UT WOS:000087067400097 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Teague, WJ AF Hwang, PA Teague, WJ TI Low-frequency resonant scattering of bubble clouds SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; BREAKING; SURFACE AB The acoustic properties of water can be drastically modified by a small amount of air content in the fluid. The dynamics of bubble clouds and their collected oscillation mechanisms are among topics of active research in underwater acoustics. In the ocean, bubble clouds are long lasting, and most of the time can be considered as passive scatterers. Solutions of the key parameters such as resonance frequencies, sound speed, and target strength can be derived from treating the bubble cloud as a homogeneous medium with proper effective bulk properties. In this paper, the resonance frequency and target strength are derived from computations based on a classical solution for acoustic scattering of elastic spheres The range of void fractions covers four orders of magnitude and includes single air bubbles as its asymptotic condition of void fraction equals unity. Based on these computations, it is found that the isothermal condition is approached only at very low void fraction levels (<10(-4)). At high void fraction (>3 x 10(-1)), the cloud oscillation gradually approaches adiabatic condition. Within the broad range of void fraction from 2 X 10(-4) to 3 X 10(-1), the effective polytropic coefficient of the bubble cloud is approximately 1,2, which is halfway between adiabatic and isothermal conditions. Also, two simple scaling laws for the resonance characteristics of a spherical bubble cloud are revealed: (i) the dimensionless resonance wavenumber is uniquely determined by the void fraction, and (ii) the backscattering cross section is uniquely determined by the resonance frequency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 6 BP 847 EP 853 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0847:LFRSOB>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326XR UT WOS:000087763000008 ER PT J AU Murphy, SJ Keen, TR AF Murphy, SJ Keen, TR TI The sensitivity of relocatable local area models to temporal interpolation noise at open boundaries SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL INTERPOLATORS; OCEAN MODEL; SIMULATION AB The feasibility of utilizing regional model data to force the open boundaries of a relocatable local area model (RLAM) is investigated mathematically and numerically. The error associated with the interpolation in time of a periodic signal at the open boundaries of a numerical ocean circulation model can generate high-frequency noise In the interior of the model dom;un. This error is investigated for a tidal signal represented by a sine wave with a period of 12 h and an amplitude of 1 m. The original time series is subsampled and reconstructed using first- and third-order polynomial interpolations. The power spectra of the reconstructed time series contain additional peaks, regardless of sample interval or interpolation order. The pattern of error growth with increasing sample interval is examined. Several suites of numerical model simulations are described. These include an idealized basin forced at the open boundaries by semidiurnal tide and residual (storm surge) water-level time series. Also presented is a I realistic representation of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight forced with the semidiurnal tide plus residual used tor the idealized basin. and a multiconstituent tide plus storm surge. In all of the numerical experiments, the error increases by one order of magnitude with each sample interval increase. The spectral periods at which error is Introduced Into the model are examined. The use of a multiconstituent tide significantly increases the error magnitudes as well as the overall variability. Neither rotational nor frictional effects change the pattern of interpolation error growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Murphy, SJ (reprint author), NCAR, Climate Dynam Div, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 6 BP 862 EP 878 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0862:TSORLA>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 326XR UT WOS:000087763000010 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Trump, CL AF Marmorino, GO Trump, CL TI Shore-based acoustic Doppler measurement of near-surface currents across a small embayment SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE near-surface current measurement; "horizontal" ADCP measurements AB Shore-based measurements of near-surface currents are used in a preliminary study of the circulation patterns in a small embayment (width of about 120 m). The measurements were made using an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted so two acoustic beams scanned horizontally beneath the surface and across the embayment. The data show spatially variable flow patterns that recur at semi-diurnal tidal period but do not vary sinusoidally in time. A similar measurement strategy may prove useful in monitoring the effects on circulation patterns of dredging or jetty construction, studying patterns of pollutant dispersal, or in making an exploratory investigation prior to deploying current-meter moorings. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 864 EP 869 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 362BM UT WOS:000089758800031 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Silvestre, CL Fatemi, M Twigg, ME Thompson, PE AF Jernigan, GG Silvestre, CL Fatemi, M Twigg, ME Thompson, PE TI Composition and morphology of SiGe alloys grown on Si(100) using an Sb surfactant SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Si molecular beam epitaxy; SiGe; surfactant-assisted growth; XPS; TEM; XRD ID MEDIATED EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELLS; THIN-FILMS; ABRUPT INTERFACES; GE; SEGREGATION; SI(001); PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROEPITAXY AB The effect of using a surfactant during SiGe alloy growth was investigated. Previous studies of surfactant-assisted growth have focused on the properties of pure Ge films grown on Si or on pure Si grown after Ge. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have studied the Ge compositional profile and morphology of SiGe alloys grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si (1 0 0) with an Sb surfactant. Using XPS, we have found that Ge segregation occurs at the start of alloy growth in the presence of up to 1 monolayer (ML) of Sb surface coverage but that the amount of Ge segregation is less than without Sb. We did find, however. that 0.75 ML of Sb after alloy growth can completely suppresses Ge segregation into a subsequent Si capping layer. Using XRD and TEM, we have found that SiGe films grown with 0.8 ML of Sb did not relax appreciably but did produce a non-planar surface morphology having an abrupt chemical interface between the alloy layer and the capping layer. We also found that the use of 0.8 ML of Sb resulted in compositional fluctuations within the alloy. We propose that the use of the Sb surfactant resulted in a separation of Si and Ge during the growth of the alloy layer producing the observed Ge segregation, surface morphology and compositional fluctuations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN PY 2000 VL 213 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00369-9 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 320EX UT WOS:000087389800013 ER PT J AU Horwitz, JS Chang, WT Kim, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB AF Horwitz, JS Chang, WT Kim, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB TI The effect of stress on the microwave dielectric properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Oxide Electonics CY DEC 07-08, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP DAPRA, Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconductiv Res, Univ Maryland, NSF, MRSEC, Japan Soc Promot Sci HO UNIV MARYLAND DE ferroelectric thin films; (Ba,Sr)TiO3; pulsed laser deposition; microwave dielectrics; loss tangent; strain ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION AB Single phase, (1 0 0) epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) films have been deposited onto (1 0 0) LaAlO3 and MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The capacitance and dielectric losses of as-deposited and annealed films have been measured from 1-20 GHz as a function of electric field (0-80 kV/cm) at room temperature. The dielectric properties are strongly affected by the substrate type, post-deposition annealing time (less than or equal to 6 h) and temperature (less than or equal to 1200 degrees C). For epitaxial BST films deposited onto MgO, it is observed that, after a post- deposition anneal the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss decreases. For epitaxial BST films deposited onto LAO, a post-deposition anneal (less than or equal to 1000 degrees C) results in an increase in the dielectric constant and an increase in the dielectric loss. The dc electric field induced change in the dielectric constant tends to increase with the dielectric constant and is largest for as-deposited films on MgO and post-deposited annealed films on LAO. In general, for epitaxial BST films, a large electric field effect is observed in films that have a large dielectric loss and a small electric field effect in films that have a low dielectric loss. High resolution X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that deposited film exhibit a significant tetragonal distortion which is strongly affected by a by a post deposition anneal. The observed differences in dielectric properties of the epitaxial BST films on MgO and LAO are attributed to the differences in film stress which arise as a consequence of the lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate and the differences in the thermal coefficient of expansion between the film and the substrate. A thin amorphous buffer layer of BST has been used to relieve stress induced by the lattice mismatch between the film and the substrate. Unlike epitaxial films, stress relieved films do not show an inverse relationship between dielectric tuning and Q (1/tan delta) and may be superior materials for tunable microwave devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Horwitz, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1023/A:1009974929096 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 355TY UT WOS:000089405600014 ER PT J AU Menon, VM Ram-Mohan, LR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Menon, VM Ram-Mohan, LR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI TE- and TM-polarized optoelectronic properties of HgCdTe quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP USA, CECOM, USA, SMDC, USA, Res Lab, USAF, Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; momentum matrix element; quantum cascade laser ID FREE-CARRIER ABSORPTION; MU-M; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; LASERS; SIMULATION AB A systematic investigation of the strength of TE-polarized and TM-polarized intersubband and interband transitions in narrow-gap HgCdTe quantum wells is performed using an eight-band finite-element k . p formalism. Effects of varying the well composition, well width, and applied electric field are explored for both polarizations, and the possibility of fabricating low-threshold quantum cascade lasers using this system is pointed out. Especially promising are the prospects for optically-pumped terahertz lasers based on interband transitions. Lasers emitting in the 30-45 mu m wavelength range (falling in the phonon bands of III-V quantum wells), are projected to operate above liquid-nitrogen temperature. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Menon, VM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 865 EP 868 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0239-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QP UT WOS:000089057400045 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Castano, JM Nedderman, WH Donnelly, MJ AF Bandyopadhyay, PR Castano, JM Nedderman, WH Donnelly, MJ TI Experimental simulation of fish-inspired unsteady vortex dynamics on a rigid cylinder SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Seawater Drag Reduction CY JUL 22-24, 1998 CL NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND ID OSCILLATING FOILS; SURFACE-WAVES; BODIES AB The unsteady hydrodynamics of the tail flapping and head oscillation of a fish, and their phased interaction, are considered in a laboratory simulation. Two experiments are described where the motion of a pair of rigid flapping foils in the tail and the swaying of the forebody are simulated on a rigid cylinder. Two modes of tail flapping are considered: waving and clapping. Waving is similar to the motion of ht caudal fin of a fish. The clapping motion of wings is a common mechanism for the production of lift and thrust in the insect world, particularly in butterflies and moths. Measurements carried out include dynamic forces and moments on the entire cylinder-control surface model, phase-matched laser Doppler velocimetry maps of vorticity-velocity vectors in the axial and cross-stream planes of the near-wake, as well as dye flow visualization. The mechanism of flapping foil propulsion and maneuvering is much richer than reported before. They can be classified as natural or forced. This work is of the latter type where discrete vortices are forced to form at the trailing edge of flapping foils via salient edge separation. The transverse wake vortices that are shed, follow a path that is wider than that given by the tangents to the flapping foils. The unsteady flap-tip axial vortex decays rapidly. Significant higher order effects appear when Strouhal number (St) of tail flapping foils to the power input to the actuators, reaches a peak below the St range of 0.25-0.35. Understanding of two-dimensional flapping foils and fish reaching their peak efficiency in that range is clarified. Strouhal number of tail flapping does emerge as an important parameter governing the production of net axial force and efficiency, although it is by no means the only one. The importance of another Strouhal number based on body length and its natural frequency is also indicated. The relationship between body length and tail flapping frequency is shown to be present in dolphin swimming data. The implication is that, for aquatic animals, the longitudinal structural modes of the body and the head/tail vortex shedding process are coupled. The phase variation of a simulated and minute head swaying, can modulate axial thrust produced by the tail motion, within a narrow range of +/-5 percent. The general conclusion is that, the mechanism of discrete and deterministic vortex shedding from oscillating control surfaces has the property of large amplitude unsteady forcing and an exquisite phase dependence, which make sit inherently amenable to active control for precision maneuvering. [S0098-2202(00)00102-4]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 219 EP 238 DI 10.1115/1.483274 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NE UT WOS:000167106000002 ER PT J AU Miner, SM AF Miner, SM TI Evaluation of blade passage analysis using coarse grids SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE CFD; axial; mixed; pump; impeller ID FINITE AB This paper presents the results of a study using coarse grids to analyze the flow in the impellers of an axial flow pump and a mixed flow pump. A commercial CFD code (FLOTRAN) is used to solve the 3-D Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations in a rotating cylindrical coordinate system. The standard k-epsilon turbulence model is used. The meshes for this study use 22,000 nodes and 40,000 nodes for the axial flow impeller, and 26,000 nodes for the mixed flow impeller. Both models are run on a SPARCstation 20. This is in contrast to typical analyses using in excess of 100,000 nodes. The smaller mesh size has advantages in the design environment. Stage design parameters for the axial flow impeller are, rotational speed 870 rpm, flow coefficient phi = 0.13, head coefficient psi = 0.06, and specific speed 2.97 (8101 US). For the mixed flow impeller the parameters are, rotational speed 890 rpm, flow coefficient phi = 0.116, head coefficient psi = 0.094, and specific speed 2.01 (5475 US). Evaluation of the models is based on a comparison of circumferentially averaged results to measured data for the same impeller. Comparisons to measured data include axial and tangential velocities, static pressure, and total pressure. A comparison between the coarse and fine meshes for the axial flow impeller is included. Results of this study show that the computational results closely match the shapes and magnitudes of the measured profiles, indicating that coarse CFD models can be used to accurately predict performance. [S0098-2202(00)02202-1]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miner, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1115/1.483263 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NE UT WOS:000167106000016 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP AF Schultz, MP TI Turbulent boundary layers on surfaces covered with filamentous algae SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-WALL; SMOOTH AB Turbulent boundary layer measurements have been made on surfaces covered with filamentous marine algae. These experiments were conducted in a closed return water tunnel using a two-component, laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The mean velocity profiles and parameters, as well as the axial and wall-normal turbulence intensities and Reynolds shear stress, are compared with flows over smooth and sandgrain rough walls. Significant increases in the skin friction coefficient for the algae-covered surfaces were measured. The boundary layer and integral thickness length scales were also increased. The results indicate that profiles of the turbulence quantities for the smooth and sandgrain rough walls collapse when friction velocity and boundary layer thickness are used as normalizing parameters. The algae-covered surfaces, however, exhibited a significant increase in the wall-normal turbulence intensity and the Reynolds shear stress, with only a modest increase in the axial turbulence intensity. The peak in the Reynolds shear stress profiles for the algae surfaces corresponded to the maximum extent of outward movement of the algae filaments. [S0098-2202(00)01902-7]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1115/1.483265 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NE UT WOS:000167106000018 ER PT J AU Litvin, A Oliver, WL Picone, JM Buonsanto, MJ AF Litvin, A Oliver, WL Picone, JM Buonsanto, MJ TI The upper atmosphere during June 5-11, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MILLSTONE-HILL; F-REGION; ENERGY BUDGET; O+-O; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; OXYGEN AB Millstone Hill ionospheric incoherent scatter radar data collected during June 5-11, 1991, are analyzed to determine F region neutral and ion composition, density, and temperature. The 10.7-cm solar flux index was at the very high level of 250, and the magnetic activity index Kp ranged up to the highest possible level of 9 during this period, making it of particular interest for understanding: upper atmosphere behavior for such a nearly limiting combination of conditions experienced by the thermosphere. We find that the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter 86 (MSIS-86) model overestimates the daytime exospheric temperature and the neutral O concentration for this high level of solar activity. These results differ substantially from storm periods analyzed previously. The ionospheric F region converts from largely atomic ions to largely molecular ions during the periods of strongest magnetic activity. We show that this condition leads to erroneous determination of neutral atmosphere parameters, including temperature, density, and drift; velocity, if not accounted for in incoherent scatter data analysis. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RP Litvin, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A6 BP 12789 EP 12796 DI 10.1029/1999JA000285 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 319QD UT WOS:000087351900021 ER PT J AU Lundeen, JM Shin, AY AF Lundeen, JM Shin, AY TI Clinical results of intraarticular fractures of the base of the fifth metacarpal treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-BRITISH AND EUROPEAN VOLUME LA English DT Article AB This retrospective study evaluated the results of closed reduction and cast immobilization for isolated intraarticular fractures of the base of the fifth metacarpal. Twenty-two of 37 such fractures were available for follow-up at an average of 43 months, and these had all healed at an average of 5 weeks without any cast complications. Twenty patients reported excellent or good results, and two reported fair or poor results. At follow-up, 13 had no arthrosis and nine had mild arthrosis of the carpometacarpal joint. However, outcome was not influenced by fracture type, the degree of subluxation or articular step off, or the presence of arthrosis, We conclude that isolated fractures of the base of the fifth metacarpal can be reliably treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lundeen, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0266-7681 J9 J HAND SURG-BRIT EUR JI J. Hand Surg.-Br. Eur. Vol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 25B IS 3 BP 258 EP 261 DI 10.1054/jhsb.2000.0413 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 330YN UT WOS:000087989400005 PM 10961550 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO Oyofo, BA David, JC Ismail, TF El-Gendy, AM Mohran, ZS Sultan, Y Peruski, LF AF Wasfy, MO Oyofo, BA David, JC Ismail, TF El-Gendy, AM Mohran, ZS Sultan, Y Peruski, LF TI Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter from acute enteric infections in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Shigella; Campylobacter; antibiotic resistance; diarrhoea; drug resistance, microbial; microbial sensitivity tests; dysentery, bacillary; Salmonella infections ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS; DIARRHEAL DISEASES; SAUDI-ARABIA; BACTERIAL AB While Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella remain major contributors to acute enteric infections, few studies on these pathogens have been conducted in Egypt. From January 1986 to December 1993, 869 Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter strains were isolated from stool specimens from 6,278 patients, presenting to the Abbassia Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, with acute enteric infections. Salmonella predominated, totalling 465 isolates, followed by Shigella with 258 isolates, and Campylobacter with 146 isolates. Of the Shigella isolates, 124 were Shigella flexneri, 49 were S. sonnei, 47 were S. dysenteriae (mainly serotype 1, 2, and 3), and 38 were S. boydii. Campylobacter spp. comprised 92 Campylobacter jejuni and 54 C. coli isolates. Isolation of Salmonella was highest during the months of February-March, June-July, and October-November, while that of Shigella was maximal from July to October. Isolation of Campylobacter increased during May-June and again during August-October. Although Salmonella was sensitive to amikacin, aztreonam, ceftriaxone, and nalidixic acid, it was, however, resistant to erythromycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Shigella (>80%) was sensitive to amikacin, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (except S. sonnei), aztreonam, and nalidixic acid. Resistance (>50%) was noted only for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. C. jejuni and C. coli were resistant to cephalothin, aztreonam, and streptomycin. Some of the above antibiotics were employed to characterize the Egyptian isolates, but did not have any clinical utility in the treatment of diarrhoea. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the resistance profiles of Shigella and Salmonella between late 1980s and early 1990s. The results suggest the use of fluoroquinolones or a third-generation cephalosporin as an empirical treatment of enteric diseases. However, alternative control strategies, including the aggressive development of broadly protective vaccines, may be more effective approaches to curbing morbidity and mortality due to acute enteric infections. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 500,Code 101F, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 366RY UT WOS:000090019400006 PM 11014768 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Weiss, W Sacci, JB Charoenvit, Y Hedstrom, R Gowda, K Majam, VF Tine, J Kumar, S Hobart, P Hoffman, SL AF Sedegah, M Weiss, W Sacci, JB Charoenvit, Y Hedstrom, R Gowda, K Majam, VF Tine, J Kumar, S Hobart, P Hoffman, SL TI Improving protective immunity induced by DNA-based immunization: Priming with antigen and GM-CSF-encoding plasmid DNA and boosting with antigen-expressing recombinant poxvirus SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CD8(+) T-CELL; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; HEPATOCYTES; INDUCTION; ANTIBODY AB Intramuscular immunization with a naked DNA plasmid expressing the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (pPyCSP) protects mice against challenge with P. yoelii sporozoites, This protection can be improved either by coadministration of a plasmid expressing murine GM-CSF (pGMCSF) or by boosting with recombinant poxvirus expressing the PyCSP, We now report that combining these two strategies, by first mixing the priming dose of pPyCSP with pGMCSF and then boosting with recombinant virus, can substantially increase vaccine effectiveness. Not only were immune responses and protection improved but the pPyCSP dose could be lowered from 100 mu g to 1 mu g with little loss of immunogenicity after boost with recombinant poxvirus, Comparing mice primed by the 1-mu g doses of pPyCSP plus 1 mu g pGMCSF with mice primed by 1-mu g doses of pPyCSP alone, the former were better protected (60% vs 0) and had higher concentrations of Abs (titers of 163, 840 vs 5, 120 by indirect fluorescent Ab test against sporozoites), more ex vivo CTL activity (25% vs 7% specific lysis), and more IFN-gamma-secreting cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (1460 vs 280 IFN-gamma spot-forming cells/10(6) cells). Priming with plasmid vaccine plus pGMCSF and boosting with recombinant poxviruses strongly improves the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccination and allows for significant reduction of dose. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM hoffmans@nmripo.nmri.nnmc.navy.mil NR 30 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 164 IS 11 BP 5905 EP 5912 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 316EN UT WOS:000087154800046 PM 10820272 ER PT J AU Song, GB Kelly, B Agrawal, BN Lam, PC Srivatsan, TS AF Song, GB Kelly, B Agrawal, BN Lam, PC Srivatsan, TS TI Application of shape memory alloy wire actuator for precision position control of a composite beam SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloys; Nitinol; Ni-Ti alloys; hysteresis AB In this paper are presented the design and experimental results of using a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire as an actuator for position control of a composite beam. The composite beam is honeycomb structured, having wires of SMA embedded in one of its face sheets for the purposes of active actuation. Nickel-titanium SMA wires were chosen as actuating elements due to their high recovery stress (>700 MPa) and tolerance to high strain (up to 8%). A simple proportional and derivative controller plus a feed-forward current is designed and implemented for controlling the tip position of the composite beam. Experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the SMA wire as an actuator for active position control of a composite beam. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Song, GB (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1361/105994900770346006 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 333AD UT WOS:000088105800013 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI The brandy trade under the ancien regime: Regional specialisation in the Charente. SO JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-2801 J9 J MOD HIST JI J. Mod. Hist. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 72 IS 2 BP 532 EP 534 DI 10.1086/316014 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 334NW UT WOS:000088193400026 ER PT J AU Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF AF Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF TI Protein binding predictions from amino acid primary sequence hydrophobicity SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Polish-Israeli-German Symposium on Dynamical Processes in Condernsed Molecular Systems DPCMS 99 CY JUN 19-23, 1999 CL JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, POLONIA INST, KRAKOW, POLAND SP Univ Lodz, Inst Appl Radiat Chem Techn HO JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, POLONIA INST ID FREE-ENERGY EIGENFUNCTIONS; MODE MATCHES AB A protein is composed of a linear chain of amino acids, called its primary structure. Each amino acid has a measured hydrophobicity that reflects its attraction to or repulsion from a water environment. Going along a protein's amino acid chain the hydrophobicity sequence is analogous to a discrete data series. We analyze this data series with several numerical methods. In this paper, we will focus on decomposing this data series into orthogonal modes and then calculate the power spectrum of these modes. We find that proteins that bind together possess the same distinguishing spectral features in their power spectrum. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cielo Inst, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mandell, AJ (reprint author), Cielo Inst, 486 Sunset Dr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0167-7322(99)00137-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 328ME UT WOS:000087854000020 ER PT J AU Horning, GM Cohen, ME Neils, TA AF Horning, GM Cohen, ME Neils, TA TI Buccal alveolar exostoses: Prevalence, characteristics, and evidence for buttressing bone formation SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar bone, anatomy and histology; dental occlusion, adverse effects; periodontal ligament, anatomy and histology; exostoses AB Background: Buttressing bone formation has been described as the development of thickened or exostotic buccal alveolar bone in response to heavy occlusal forces. Little supporting evidence for this model has been found in previous literature, however and there is little seen on the prevalence or characteristics of buccal alveolar exostoses. Methods: A sample of 416 selected teeth and investing bone in 52 modern skeletal specimens at the National Museum of Natural History were examined. Two measures of heavy occlusal function-periodontal ligament (PDL) width and occlusal attrition-were analyzed for their relationship to three parameters of buccal alveolar bone (exostoses, lipping, and overall thickness). Results: Buccal alveolar bone enlargements were found in 25% of all teeth examined: 18% were expressed as marginal bony lippings and 7% as buccal exostoses. Exostoses were mainly seen around maxillary molars and bicuspids, especially in males, while lippings were seen in molars, bicuspids, and mandibular incisors, with even gender distribution. When findings were controlled for arch and tooth type, no significant correlations were found between wider PDL spaces or occlusal attrition and exostotic, lipped, or thicker alveolar bone. Conclusions: These results indicate a lack of anatomic evidence for the theory of buttressing bone formation and suggest that other factors may be of greater importance in the etiology of buccal bone enlargements. Incidentally, no correlation was found between widened PDL spaces or severe occlusal attrition and the presence of cervical loss of tooth structure, which casts doubt on the currently popular concept of abfraction. C1 Little Creek Branch Dent Clin, Dept Periodont, Norfolk, VA USA. USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL USA. Branch Dent Clin, Mayport, FL USA. RP Horning, GM (reprint author), NNDC, Natl Naval Dent Sch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1032 EP 1042 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.6.1032 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GH UT WOS:000167489500019 PM 10914809 ER PT J AU Anderegg, CR Metzler, DG AF Anderegg, CR Metzler, DG TI Retention of multi-rooted teeth with Class III furcation lesions utilizing resins. Report of 17 cases SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dental restoration, permanent; furcation, therapy; molar; dental materials ID GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION; FREEZE-DRIED BONE; EXPANDED POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE MEMBRANES; LONG-TERM; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; PLAQUE CONTROL; MOLAR TEETH; TOOTH LOSS; FOLLOW-UP; DEFECTS AB Background: Treatment of periodontally diseased multi-rooted posterior teeth has conventionally consisted of scaling and root planing, apically positioned flaps, tunneling, root amputation, root resection, guided tissue regeneration, osseous grafting, and combination osseous graft and barrier membrane techniques. Successful treatment has often been directed and measured by how well the clinician obtains sufficient access to facilitate patient hygiene efforts. Longterm success is predicated upon tooth retention and the arrest of further destruction within the furcation area. Methods: Seventeen adult periodontal patients with Class III furcation defects were evaluated. Using an open flap procedure, a resin-ionomer was placed into all 3 furcation defects. The patients were placed on quarterly maintenance appointments and the teeth evaluated up to 1 year. Results: The results revealed that sealing the furcations of multi-rooted teeth with hopeless prognoses seems to be a viable alternative to accessing the same intraradicular areas for maintenance using more conventional modes of therapy. Sealing further decreases the surface area of the furca and simplifies future maintenance. Conclusions: The present study showed that teeth with hopeless prognoses might be retained by decreasing probing depths, bleeding upon probing, and mobility when furcation areas are sealed with a resin-ionomer. C1 USN, Naval Dent Res Inst Detachment, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Anderegg, CR (reprint author), 15602 BelRed Rd, Bellevue, WA 98008 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1047 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.6.1043 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GH UT WOS:000167489500020 PM 10914810 ER PT J AU Owens, MT AF Owens, MT TI NATO looks East SO JOURNAL OF POLITICAL & MILITARY SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Owens, MT (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL POLITICAL MILITARY SOCIOLOGY PI DE KALB PA DEPT SOCIOLOGY, NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DE KALB, IL 60115-2854 USA SN 0047-2697 J9 J POLIT MIL SOCIOL JI J. Polit. Mil. Soc. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 343ED UT WOS:000088688000015 ER PT J AU Edney, LA AF Edney, LA TI Forging the sword SO JOURNAL OF POLITICAL & MILITARY SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL POLITICAL MILITARY SOCIOLOGY PI DE KALB PA DEPT SOCIOLOGY, NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DE KALB, IL 60115-2854 USA SN 0047-2697 J9 J POLIT MIL SOCIOL JI J. Polit. Mil. Soc. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 343ED UT WOS:000088688000016 ER PT J AU Szwerc, RP Burroughs, CB Hambric, SA McDevitt, TE AF Szwerc, RP Burroughs, CB Hambric, SA McDevitt, TE TI Power flow in coupled bending and longitudinal waves in beams SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; LASER VIBROMETER TECHNIQUES; TRANSMISSION; JOINTS; PLATES AB In complex structures, curvature and impedance discontinuities (e.g., junctions) couple bending and longitudinal waves. Propagation losses for longitudinal waves are often much less than losses for bending waves, and damping treatments often less effective on longitudinal waves. When the dissipation in longitudinal waves is less than that on bending waves, longitudinal waves can provide an efficient means of power flow between bending waves generated at one location and bending waves that are a source of acoustic radiation at another location. In order to design and locate effective treatments, knowledge of the power how in longitudinal as well as bending waves is required. The measurement of power in both bending and longitudinal waves when both waves are present is demonstrated. Measurements conducted on a straight beam and a T-beam are compared to predictions obtained using finite element methods. The effect of coupling between waves at the junction in a T-beam is illustrated using results from measurements of power flow. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-1466(00)03906-0]. C1 USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Szwerc, RP (reprint author), USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 6 BP 3186 EP 3195 DI 10.1121/1.429346 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 322KE UT WOS:000087508100023 ER PT J AU Cuschieri, JM Feit, D AF Cuschieri, JM Feit, D TI Influence of circumferential partial coating on the acoustic radiation from a fluid-loaded shell SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED MASS; SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEITY; PLATE; SOUND AB Acoustic compliant coatings are a common approach to mitigate the radiation and scattering of sound from fluid-loaded submerged structures. An acoustic compliant coating is a coating that decouples an acoustic source from the surrounding acoustic medium; that is, it provides an acoustic impedance mismatch (different density and speed of sound product). Such a coating is distinct from an ordinary compliant coating in that it may not be resilient in the sense of low stiffness, but still provides an acoustic impedance mismatch. Ideally, the acoustic coating is applied uniformly over the entire surface of the fluid-loaded structure to minimize the acoustic radiation and scattering. However, in certain instances, because of appendages, it may not be practically possible to completely cover the surface of a fluid-loaded structure to decouple it From the adjacent acoustic medium. Furthermore, there may be some inherent advantages to optimizing the distribution of the coating around areas from which the acoustic radiation appears to be dominant. This would be analogous to the application of damping treatment to a vibrating structure in areas where the vibration levels are highest. In the case of the acoustic radiation the problem is more complex because of the coupling between the acoustic fluid and the structure. In this paper, the influence of a partial coating on the acoustic radiation from a fluid-loaded, cylindrical shell of infinite extent and excited by either a line force or an incident plane acoustic wave is examined. The solution to the response and scattered pressure is developed following the procedure used by the authors in previous work on the scattering from fluid-loaded plates and shells. The coating is assumed to be normally reacting providing a decoupling layer between the acoustic medium and the structure; that is, it does not add mass or stiffness to the base structure. The influence of added mass or stiffness of the coating can be included as an added inhomogeneity and treated separately in the solution. (C) 2000 Acousrical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)02305-5]. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Ctr Acoust & Vibrat, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. David Taylor Res Ctr, Carderock Div, NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Cuschieri, JM (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Ctr Acoust & Vibrat, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 6 BP 3196 EP 3207 DI 10.1121/1.429347 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 322KE UT WOS:000087508100024 ER PT J AU Pavan, G Hayward, TJ Borsani, JF Priano, M Manghi, M Fossati, C Gordon, J AF Pavan, G Hayward, TJ Borsani, JF Priano, M Manghi, M Fossati, C Gordon, J TI Time patterns of sperm whale codas recorded in the Mediterranean Sea 1985-1996 SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; VOCALIZATIONS; DIALECTS AB A distinctive vocalization of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus (=P. catodon), is the coda: a short click sequence with a distinctive stereotyped time pattern [Watkins and Schevill, J. Acoust, Sec. Am. 62, 1485-1490 (1977)]. Coda repertoires have been found to vary both geographically and with group affiliation [Weilgart and Whitehead, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 40, 277-285 (1997)]. In this work, the click timings and repetition patterns of sperm whale codas recorded in the Mediterranean Sea are characterized statistically, and the context in which the codas occurred are also taken into consideration. A total of 138 codas were recorded in the central Mediterranean in the years 1985-1996 by several research groups using a number of different detection instruments, including stationary and towed hydrophones, sonobuoys and passive sonars. Nearly all (134) of the recorded codas share the same "3+1" (/// /) click pattern. Coda durations ranged from 456 to 1280 ms, with an average duration of 908 ms and a standard deviation of 176 ms. Most of the codas (a total of 117) belonged to 20 coda series. Each series was produced by an individual, in most cases by a mature male in a small group, and consisted of between 2 and 16 codas, emitted in one or more "bursts" of 1 to 13 codas spaced fairly regularly in time. The mean number of codas in a burst was 3,46, and the standard deviation was 2.65. The time interval ratios within a coda are parameterized by the coda duration and by the first two interclick intervals normalized by coda duration. These three parameters remained highly stable within each coda series, with coefficients of variation within the series averaging less than 5%, The interval ratios varied somewhat across the data sets, but were highly stable over 8 of the 11 data sets, which span 11 years and widely dispersed geographic locations. Somewhat different interval ratios were observed in the other three data sets; in one of these data sets, the variant codas were produced by a young whale. Two sets of presumed sperm whale codas recorded in 1996 had 5- and 6-click patterns; the observation of these new patterns suggests that sperm whale codas in the Mediterranean may have more variations than previously believed, (C) 2000 A coustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)02706-5]. C1 Univ Pavia, CIBRA, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. IUAV, Dept Urban Sci, Venice, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Pavan, G (reprint author), Univ Pavia, CIBRA, Via Taramelli 24, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Pavan, Gianni/M-4619-2015 OI Pavan, Gianni/0000-0002-4599-9028 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 6 BP 3487 EP 3495 DI 10.1121/1.429419 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 322KE UT WOS:000087508100053 PM 10875393 ER PT J AU Carter, GC AF Carter, GC TI Results of an independent analysis of the inverse beamformer for use in the advanced processor build process SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The inverse beamformer (IBF) is a signal-processing algorithm developed for underwater applications. The advanced processor build (APB) is a recently developed process for sonar test and evaluation. This correspondence describes both and summarizes the results of an independent ''data-driven'' test and evaluation of the IBF by using the APE. Discussion includes the underlying reasons for gains observed over conventional systems and applicability to uncluttered acoustical environments. [S0001-4966(00)04106-0]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Carter, GC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 6 BP 3564 EP 3567 DI 10.1121/1.429427 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 322KE UT WOS:000087508100063 ER PT J AU Adeff, JA Hofler, TJ AF Adeff, JA Hofler, TJ TI Design and construction of a solar-powered, thermoacoustically driven, thermoacoustic refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter AB A thermoacoustically driven thermoacoustic refrigerator powered by solar thermal energy has been successfully built and tested. A 0.457 m diameter Fresnel lens focuses sunlight onto the hot end of a 0.0254 m diameter reticulated vitreous carbon prime mover stack, heating it to 475 degrees C, thereby eliminating the need for the most troublesome component in a heat driven prime mover, the hot heat exchanger. The high intensity sound waves produced by the prime mover drive a thermoacoustic refrigerator to produce 2.5 watts of cooling power at a cold temperature of 5 degrees C and a temperature span of 18 degrees C. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Adeff, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 107 IS 6 BP L37 EP L42 DI 10.1121/1.429324 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 322KE UT WOS:000087508100069 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD AF Seltzer, MD TI Performance testing of a multimetals continuous emissions monitor SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING PROBE; SPECTROMETRY; METALS AB A prototype instrument, designed for continuous monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metal emissions in the stack gases of waste incinerators and industrial furnaces, has undergone a performance evaluation that included a relative accuracy test audit. The test results confirmed the instrument's ability to accurately measure stack gas metal concentrations and thus validate the applicability of the candidate technique for compliance assurance monitoring for the specific source involved. The analytical accuracy of this system, documented during the recent test exercise, represents a significant improvement in performance relative to that previously achieved, and can be attributed with certainty to the recent implementation of a shrouded nozzle sampling system. By reducing deposition losses of particulate matter in the extracted stack gas stream to acceptable levels, presentation of a more representative sample stream to the elemental analyzer has been accomplished. The present paper discusses the design and operation of the multimetals continuous emissions monitor (MMCEM), the shrouded nozzle sampling system, and the results of recent performance testing. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 325UB UT WOS:000087693800016 PM 10902395 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J Croguennec, L Delmas, C AF Mansour, AN Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J Croguennec, L Delmas, C TI In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Li(1-z)Ni(1+z)O2 (z <= 0.02) cathode material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; LI DEINTERCALATION; SPECTRA; NICKEL; OXYCOMPOUNDS; LINIO2; EXAFS; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR; STATE AB In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Li(0.98-x)Ni1.02O2 phases shows that the Ni K edge continuously shifts to higher energies with a decrease in Li content in a manner consistent with oxidation of Ni(III) to Ni(IV). The Ni K-edge energy for Ni1.02O2 is consistent with that observed for chemically prepared quadrivalent Ni in KNiIO6. Variations in the coordination numbers, bond lengths, and disorders as a function of state of charge (i.e., the value of x) are consistent with the following facts: (i) a Jahn-Teller distortion for Ni(III), (ii) an undistorted environment for Ni(IV), and (iii) an electrochemical oxidation of Ni(III) to Ni(IV). (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)12-107-4. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CNRS, Inst Chim Mat Condensee, F-33608 Pessac, France. Ecole Natl Super Chim & Phys Bordeaux, F-33608 Pessac, France. RP USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM mansouran@nswccd.navy.mil RI Laurence, CROGUENNEC/E-4558-2010; Croguennec, Laurence/R-9512-2016 OI Croguennec, Laurence/0000-0002-3018-0992 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 147 IS 6 BP 2104 EP 2109 DI 10.1149/1.1393492 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 323JG UT WOS:000087561800016 ER PT J AU Calkins, MD Fitzgerald, G Bentley, TB Burris, D AF Calkins, MD Fitzgerald, G Bentley, TB Burris, D TI Intraosseous infusion devices: A comparison for potential use in special operations SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Army Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians CY NOV 20, 1998 CL RESTON, VIRGINIA SP Amer Coll Physicians DE intraosseous; infusion; trauma; special operations; FAST; BIG; SurFast; Jamshidi needle ID PHARMACOKINETICS; ADULTS; SHOCK AB Objective: To determine which intraosseous (IO) devices were easy to learn to use, easy to use once the skill was obtained, and appropriate for the Special Operations environment. Methods: Thirty-one Navy SEAL corpsmen, Air Force pararescuemen, Army Special Forces, and Ranger medics, in a prospective, randomly assigned, cross-over study, tested four commercially available, Food and Drug Administration-cleared IO devices. The systems included the injection models First Access for Shock and Trauma (FAST, Pyng Medical) and Bone Injection Gun (Wais Medical, Kress USA Corporation) and the hand-driven threaded-needle SurFast (Cook Critical Care) and straight-needle Jamshidi needle (Baxter) models. The Special Operations medical care providers received a lecture regarding IO use, viewed videotapes of the injection models, and practiced with demonstration units in the classroom, Each participant then entered the cadaver lab where all four of the IO devices were placed in randomly assigned order, A poststudy questionnaire was then completed. The FAST was placed in the sternum, whereas the other units were placed in either medial proximal or distal medial tibia, Each participant was assessed for time, number of attempts, and success. The presence of marrow, extravasation, quality of flow, and security of needle were evaluated in combination to help determine success, Results: All four devices were believed to be easy to learn as well as easy to place. FAST was successful in 29 of 30 insertions (93%) with a placement time of 114 +/- 36 (mean +/- SD) seconds. The Bone Injection Gun was similarly successful (29 of 31 insertions, 94%) with a mean placement time of 70 +/- 33 seconds. This time was statistically significantly faster (p < 0.05) than that with FAST, but not with the other devices, Thirty of 31 SurFast placements (97%) were successful, on average taking 88 +/- 33 seconds to place, The Jamshidi needle also had 30 of 31 successful placements (97%) at an average 90 +/- 59 seconds, No one device was rated by the participants as significantly better than the others; however, the Bone Injection Gun did have 65% of participants rate it as first or second (closest was Jamshidi needle at 52%), Conclusion: These IO devices were easy to teach and learn as well as easy to use. Insertion times compared favorably with peripheral intravenous catheter placement in the face of hemorrhage, All four devices can he appropriately used in the Special Operations environment and are reasonable alternatives when intravenous access cannot be gained, Although no device was rated higher than the others, particular features are desirable (low weight/size, simplicity, reusability, secure, clean, well protected). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resusitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Special Warfare Grp Med 2, Little Creek, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Calkins, MD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resusitat Med, Bldg 503,Forest Glen Annex,Forney Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1074 DI 10.1097/00005373-200006000-00012 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 325BW UT WOS:000087657300021 PM 10866253 ER PT J AU Kolon, TF Gonzales, ET AF Kolon, TF Gonzales, ET TI The dorsal inlay graft for hypospadias repair SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypospadias; penis; urethra; abnormalities ID PLATE; URETHROPLASTY; EXPERIENCE AB Purpose: Hypospadias is a common genitourinary anomaly affecting every 1/300 male newborns. The goals of hypospadiac surgery include a straight penis with a urethral meatus at the tip of the glans, a well vascularized neourethra of adequate caliber with a solid, straight urinary stream and achievement of sexual function when mature. Current theory advocates preservation of the urethral plate with chordee correction. Hypospadias repair without an adequate urethral plate to roll into a tube requires longitudinal incision of the plate or a transverse preputial island flap. We describe a technique of 1-stage urethroplasty using an inner preputial based dorsal inlay graft. Materials and Methods: After the penis is degloved and chordee corrected incisions are made bilaterally along the urethral plate from the native urethral meatus to the glans tip. The urethral plate is incised longitudinally. A graft harvested from the inner prepuce is defatted and sutured onto the incised urethral plate. The neourethra is rolled into a tube in Thiersch-Duplay fashion. Results: This technique was used in 32 patients. The original urethral meatus was coronal to penoscrotal and chordee release was performed concomitantly. At 21 months of followup no patient had a stricture, fistula or diverticulum at the inlay graft site. Conclusions: This technique successfully fulfills all traditional hypospadias repair criteria. We believe that the dorsal inlay graft after incision of the urethral plate is a rapid, easy and successful addition to the armamentarium of the "hypospadiologist.". C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Scott Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kolon, TF (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Scott Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1941 EP 1943 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67603-3 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 313DK UT WOS:000086984900124 PM 10799234 ER PT J AU Kolon, TF Gray, CL Sutherland, RW Roth, DR Gonzales, ET AF Kolon, TF Gray, CL Sutherland, RW Roth, DR Gonzales, ET TI Upper urinary tract manifestations of the VACTERL association SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urinary tract; genitalia; abnormalities; kidney ID VATER-ASSOCIATION; ANOMALIES; SPECTRUM AB Purpose: In patients suspected to have the vertebral, anal, tracheoesophageal, renal, radial, cardiac and limb abnormalities (VACTERL) association we studied the frequency of upper urinary tract anomalies, prevalence of these features, predictability of upper tract pathology and proper screening evaluation. Materials and Methods: From 1991 to 1998 we identified 55 patients with the VACTERL association. Upper urinary tract assessment, including initial renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography, and followup data were available for 29 boys and 15 girls. Patients were considered to have the VACTERL association when 3 or more organ systems were involved. Results: Average followup was 5.4 years. Upper urinary tract involvement was noted in 41 of the 44 patients (93.2%) and vesicoureteral reflux in 17 (25 renal units). Of the kidneys 21 were hydronephrotic without reflux or obstruction, 10 were solitary, 3 were multicystic dysplastic, 8 were obstructed and only 17 were normal. A total of 27 patients (61%) underwent at least 1 genitourinary procedure, primarily ureteroneocystotomy. All children were alive at the last followup. Conclusions: The VACTERL association involves multiple serious anomalies. However, these infants generally have a good outcome. Since the upper urinary system is the most common organ system involved, patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics until an initial urological assessment with renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography is performed. It is essential for physicians to know that most children with the VACTERL association have urological involvement that requires treatment and long-term management. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Scott Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kolon, TF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Scott Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1949 EP 1951 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67606-9 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 313DK UT WOS:000086984900127 PM 10799237 ER PT J AU Roberts, DR Alecrim, WD Hshieh, P Grieco, JP Bangs, M Andre, RG Chareonviriphap, T AF Roberts, DR Alecrim, WD Hshieh, P Grieco, JP Bangs, M Andre, RG Chareonviriphap, T TI A probability model of vector behavior: Effects of DDT repellency, irritancy, and toxicity in malaria control SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE probability model; malaria control; vector behavior; DDT; Anopheles ID ANOPHELES-PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS; SOUTHERN MEXICO; BENDIOCARB; DARLINGI; CULICIDAE; PATTERNS; DIPTERA; AREA AB A probability model of how DDT residues may function within a malaria control program is described. A step-wise organization of endophagic behaviors culminates in a vector acquiring a human blood meal inside the house. Different vector behaviors are described, epidemiologically defined, temporally sequenced, and quantified with field data. Components of vector behavior and the repellent, irritant, and toxic actions of insecticide residues are then assembled into a probability model. The sequence of host-seeking behaviors is used to partition the total impact of sprayed walls according to the three chemical actions. Quantitatively, the combined effect of repellency and irritancy exert the dominant actions of DDT residues in reducing man-vector contact inside of houses. These relationships are demonstrated with published and unpublished data for two separate populations of Anopheles darlingi, for Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in Tanzania, and Anopheles punctulatus in New Guinea. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med Biometr, Div Trop Publ Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Fdn Med Trop Amazonas, BR-69040000 Bairro D Pedro, Brazil. USN, Med Res Unit 2, APO, AP 96520 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Liveral Arts & Sci, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand. RP Roberts, DR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med Biometr, Div Trop Publ Hlth, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 24 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 335HF UT WOS:000088237500007 PM 10925797 ER PT J AU Korgen, BJ AF Korgen, BJ TI Rule-of-thumb formulas for extending the versatility of tidal current tables SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Four rule-of-thumb formulas have been derived for use in conjucnction with existing tidal current tables. For near-surface tidal currents, these formulas yield 1) the percent of time current speed is above a critical value, 2) the percent of time current speed is below a critical value, 3) the time interval when current speed is above a critical value, and 4) the time interval when current speed is below a critical value. The formulas presented require as inputs the near-surface tidal current speed predictions found in standard tidal current tables. Intended for making rough approximations, these formulas may be useful in planning operations for which information on near-surface tidal currents is important. They are not scientific results or predictive models on which anyone's life should depend They should be used only with generous safety margins and if possible, with in situ current measurements, since local conditions may vary considerably. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Korgen, BJ (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 345XD UT WOS:000088839700002 ER PT J AU Fouts, DJ McKerrow, GR Lum, GK Noe, SS Lambley, AS AF Fouts, DJ McKerrow, GR Lum, GK Noe, SS Lambley, AS TI Second-layer polysilicon structures for gate end-around leakage-current compensation in bulk CMOS ICs SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; CHARGE; MODEL AB CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) operating in space or other radiation environments can suffer from three different reliability problems due to the radiation: total dose effects, dose rate effects, and single event effects. The two most significant total-dose reliability problems are subthreshold, gate, end-around leakage current and threshold voltage shift. This article documents the theory, design, implementation, and testing of new, second-layer polysilicon structures that call compensate for radiation-induced, subthreshold, gate, end-around, leakage current. Second-layer polysilicon is available in many commercial, bulk CMOS processes and is normally used for floating-gate devices, such as EEPROMs and FPLAs, and charge-coupled devices such as CCD focal plan arrays. The use of the described structures in CMOS ICs would allow radiation tolerant ICs to be fabricated with commercial, bulk CMOS processes, greatly reducing manufacturing costs when compared to the cost of fabricating ICs on dedicated, radiation-hardened process lines. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space, Sunnyvale, CA USA. RP Fouts, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 6 BP 955 EP 963 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(99)00338-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 324UY UT WOS:000087640800007 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI The transformation of Palestinian politics: From revolution to state-building SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 477 EP 479 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 337PV UT WOS:000088371600018 ER PT J AU Bond, MM Yates, SW AF Bond, MM Yates, SW TI Sexually transmitted disease screening and reporting practices in a military medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Scientific Assembly of the Uniformed-Services-Academy-of-Family-Physicians CY FEB 28-MAR 05, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Uniformed Serv Acad Family Physicians ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS AB Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their sequelae are responsible for significant human and economic costs. Military personnel are one of many core populations at increased risk for acquiring STDs. This study was designed to assess primary care physician/practitioner compliance with secondary screening recommendations and reporting practices of STDs in a military setting. Data from approximately 27,000 covered lives from the Naval Hospital and the Naval Air Station Branch Medical Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, were used in this analysis. Because chlamydia is the most prevalent STD, laboratory results indicative of infection with chlamydia from July 1 to December 31, 1996, were used as a marker of a patient population requiring additional (secondary) STD screening. Patients with laboratory-confirmed chlamydia infection were identified using the Composite Health Care System. The medical records of these index cases were then analyzed for the presence of laboratory test results of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), rapid plasma reagin, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) within 6 months of a positive chlamydia test, To assess compliance with mandated reporting of particular STDs, total laboratory-confirmed cases of chlamydia, syphilis, and HBV were compared with total cases reported to the Office of Preventive Medicine at the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy, during a 1-year period from July 1, 1996, to June 30, 1997. In 32% of chlamydia cases, no additional laboratory tests for HIV, syphilis, or HBV were obtained within 6 months. Fourteen percent of chlamydia cases were reported to the Office of Preventive Medicine. Compliance with screening for multiple STDs after the identification of a single STD should be improved. In addition, better methods for reporting cases of STDs should be implemented. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Bond, MM (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. OI Yates, Scott/0000-0002-5197-0686 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 6 BP 470 EP 472 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324RG UT WOS:000087634700011 PM 10870366 ER PT J AU Sullivan, M Li, J Kumar, S Rogers, MJ McCutchan, TF AF Sullivan, M Li, J Kumar, S Rogers, MJ McCutchan, TF TI Effects of interruption of apicoplast function on malaria infection, development, and transmission SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-malarial drugs; guanosine triphosphatase site; malaria transmission; plastid; thiopeptides; thiostrepton ID APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CLINDAMYCIN; ORGANELLE AB A chloroplast-like organelle is present in many species of the Apicomplexa phylum. We have previously demonstrated that the plastid organelle of Plasmodium falciparum is essential to the survival of the blood-stage malaria parasite in culture. One known function of the plastid organelle in another Apicomplexan, Toxoplasma gondii, involves the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole. The effects of interruption of plastid function on sporozoites and sexual-stage parasites have not been investigated. In our previous studies of the effects of thiostrepton, a polypeptide antibiotic from streptococcus spp., on erythrocytic schizongony of the human malaria P. falciparum we found that this antibiotic appears to interact with the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) binding domain of the organellar large subunit ribosomal RNA, as it does in bacteria. We investigate here the effects of this drug on life-cycle stages of the malaria parasite in vivo. Preincubation of mature infective sporozoites with thiostrepton has no observable effect on their infectivity. Sporozoite infection both by mosquito bite and sporozoite injection was prevented by pretreatment of mice with thiostrepton. Thiostrepton eliminates infection with erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei in mice. Clearance of infected red blood cells follows the delayed kinetics associated with drugs that interact with the apicoplast. Thiostrepton treatment of. infected mice reduces transmission of parasites by more than ten-fold, indicating that the plastid has a role in sexual development of the parasite. These results indicate that the plastid function is accessible to drug action in vivo and important to the development of both sexual and asexual forms of the parasite. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Rm B1-28, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 109 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00226-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 331TU UT WOS:000088035400002 PM 10924753 ER PT J AU Li, BS Kramer, PR Zhao, WQ Ma, W Stenger, DA Zhang, L AF Li, BS Kramer, PR Zhao, WQ Ma, W Stenger, DA Zhang, L TI Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of rat homolog of human AP-2 alpha that stimulates neuropeptide Y transcription activity in response to nerve growth factor SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR AP-2; PANCREATIC-POLYPEPTIDE; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; BINDING-PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNAS; PC12 CELLS; PEPTIDE-YY; GENE; DNA AB Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays an important role in the central regulation of neuronal activity, endocrine and sexual behavior, and food intake. Although transcription activity of the NPY gene in PC12 cells is regulated by a number of agents such as nerve growth factor (NGF), the mechanism responsible for the NGF-elicited increase in the transcription of the NPY gene remains to be explored. In this study, we isolated and characterized a nuclear protein that is bound to NGF-response elements (NGFRE) that lie between nucleotide -87 and -33 of the rat NPY promoter gene. This nuclear protein is identical to the rat homolog of human transcription factor AP-2 alpha. We further demonstrated that rat AP-2 alpha promotes efficient NPY transcription activity in response to NGF. Finally, we provide direct evidence that the mice lacking transcription factor AP-2a exhibit reduced expression of NPY mRNA compared with wild-type mice, further supporting the hypothesis that AP-2 alpha is an important transcription factor in regulating NPY transcription activity. C1 NIMH, Behav & Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINCDS, Lab Neurochem, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINCDS, Lab Adapt Syst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), NIMH, Behav & Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bldg 36,Room 2C02, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zhangl@codon.nih.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 837 EP 847 DI 10.1210/me.14.6.837 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 320ZN UT WOS:000087430600009 PM 10847586 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Yi, L Chen, GTJ AF Chang, CP Yi, L Chen, GTJ TI A numerical simulation of vortex development during the 1992 east Asian summer monsoon onset using the navy's regional model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; MESOSCALE VORTEX; SICHUAN FLOOD; HEAVY RAIN; CHINA; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATIONS; TAMEX AB Significant rainfall of the east Asian summer monsoon is produced by low-level disturbances moving eastward in the vicinity of the Yangtze River valley. Many of these disturbances appeared to originate from stationary vortices east of the Plateau of Tibet. Previous studies found latent heating to be the dominant energy source for the development of these vortices during mature monsoon. This work uses the navy's regional Forecast model to study the development of a disturbance system during 15-17 May 1992, around the beginning of the monsoon season. The system was characterized by a preexisting stationary vortex in the Sichuan basin and the subsequent development of another vortex that propagated eastward along a Mei-yu front that moved into the Yangtze River valley. The numerical simulation, in conjunction with an analysis of the ECMWF data using a potential vorticity inversion, indicates that during the first 24 h the stationary vortex was maintained by terrain effects. On 16 May, the forcings of an upper-level jet and a shortwave 500-hPa trough, along with latent heat release that may have been triggered by the upper forcings, intensified this vortex temporarily. Afterward, the porter continued to develop by a low-level front-terrain interaction in which the frontal secondary circulation turned the basin-scale east-west overturning counterclockwise while the low-level vertical easterly shear was enhanced. This configuration tilted the vertical shear into a source of cyclonic vorticity. The upper-level forcings and the associated latent heat release also spun up the eastward propagating vortex, whose subsequent intensification was mainly the result of latent heat release along the front. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the terrain effect is crucial for the vortex development within the Sichuan basin. In addition, forcing of the cold air southward by the terrain, and enhancement of the secondary frontal circulation by condensation heating, were required for the low-level front to move sufficiently southward into the Yangtze River region to produce the development of the propagating disturbance. If the front stayed in a more northerly position, the disturbance would move eastward too fast to accumulate the moisture for heavy rainfall and latent heat release. Because of the close proximity of the two vortices and the sequence of development, it may appear in the weather maps that the second vortex was originated from the first. However, the present results indicate that the propagating disturbance was a separate development rather than an eastward migration or a split of the stationary vortex in the Sichuan basin. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Cp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.navy.mil NR 31 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 128 IS 6 BP 1604 EP 1631 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1604:ANSOVD>2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 322WW UT WOS:000087533100002 ER PT J AU Dorman, CE Holt, T Rogers, DP Edwards, K AF Dorman, CE Holt, T Rogers, DP Edwards, K TI Large-scale structure of the June-July 1996 marine boundary layer along California and Oregon SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OCEAN DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; STRATOCUMULUS LAYERS; MESOSCALE SIMULATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COAST; FLOW; JET; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; WAVES AB Data from surface stations, profilers. lone-range aircraft surveys, and satellite!, were used to characterize the large-scale structure of the marine boundary layer off of California and Oregon during June and July 1990. To supplement these observations, June-July 1996 averages of meteorological fields from the U.S. Navy's operational Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model were generated for the region. Model calculations show a broad band of fast northerly surface winds exceeding 7 m s(-1) extending along the California-Oregon coast. Buoy-measured peaks of 7.1 m s(-1) off Bodega Bay, 7.2 m s(-1) off Point Piedras Blancas, and 8.8 m s(-1) near Point Conception were reported. Mean winds at the buoys located 15-25 km offshore ore generally faster than those at coastal stations, and all station winds are faster in the afternoon. The aircraft and station observations confirm that an air temperature inversion typically marks the top of the marine boundary layer, which deepens offshore. Along the coast, the marine boundary layer thins between Cape Blanco and Santa Barbara. The inversion base height is at it, lowest (195 mn) at Bodega Bay in northern California and at its highest at Los Angeles and San Diego (416 m). The inversion strength is strongest between Bodega Bay and Point Piedras Blancas, exceeding 10.8 degrees C. The June July 1990 marine boundary layer depth from COAMPS shows a gradual deepening with distance offshore. The model-averaged Row within the marine boundary layer is supercritical (Froude number > 1) in a region between San Francisco and Cape Mendocino that extends offshore to 126.4 degrees W. Smaller isolated supercritical areas occur in the lee of every major cape, with the peak Froude number of 1.3 in the lee of Cape Mendocino. This is consistent with aircraft Rights of Coastal Waves '96, when extensive regions of supercritical flow off central California and downwind of major capes were recorded with highest Froude numbers around 1.5-2.0. A broad, wedge-shaped area of nearly critical flow (Froude number > 0.8) extends from Cape Bianco to Point Piedras Blancas and offshore to about 128.5 degrees W in the model output. The model wind stress has a broad maximum exceeding 0.3 N m(-2) between Cape Mendocino and San Francisco with the highest values found within 100 Isn of the coast. Stress calculated directly from low aircraft legs is highest in the lee of large capes with peak values exceeding 0.7 N m(2). Overall aircraft magnitudes are similar to the model's, but a direct comparison with the 3-month average from the model is nor possible due to the lesser space and time coverage of the Rights. The stress maxima along the California coast shown in the model results are spatially consistent with the region of coldest sea surface temperature observed by satellite. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Phys Oceanog Res Div, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dorman, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cdorman@ucsd.edu NR 48 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 128 IS 6 BP 1632 EP 1652 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1632:LSSOTJ>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 322WW UT WOS:000087533100003 ER PT J AU Fleming, BE AF Fleming, BE TI What is the value of literary studies? SO NEW LITERARY HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Fleming, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0028-6087 J9 NEW LITERARY HIST JI New Lit. Hist. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 459 EP 476 PG 18 WC Literature SC Literature GA 345PB UT WOS:000088823400005 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Bewley, SA Powers, JP AF Pace, PE Bewley, SA Powers, JP TI Fiber-lattice accumulator design considerations for optical Sigma Delta analog-to-digital converters SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE integrated optics; sigma-delta modulator; fiber-lattice accumulator; Mach-Zehnder interferometer; analog-to-digital converter ID A/D CONVERSION; MODULATORS AB Integrated optical sigma-delta (Sigma Delta) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) use a pulsed laser to oversample an input signal at two Mach-Zehnder interferometers. A fiber-lattice accumulator is embedded within a feedback loop around a single-bit quantizer to spectrally shape the quantization noise to fall outside the signal band of interest. Decimation filtering is applied to the quantizer output to construct the input signal with high resolution. Applications of integrated optical Sigma Delta ADCs include digitizing wideband radio-frequency signals directly at an antenna (digital antenna). In this paper, a novel fiber-lattice accumulator design is presented, and a coherent simulation of an integrated optical first-order, single-bit Sigma Delta ADC is reported. The accumulator leakage resulting from a mismatch in the optical circuit parameters is quantified. A time-domain analysis is presented, and the simulation results from an all-electronic Sigma Delta ADC are presented for comparison. A frequency-domain analysis of a ten times oversampling (n=4 bits) simulation is used to compare the dynamic performance parameters, including the spurious-free dynamic range, signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio, and effective number of bits. The formation of image frequencies when the accumulator is overloaded (i.e., the optical amplifier gain is too large) is also investigated. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1 Univ Circle,Code EC-PC, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1526 DI 10.1117/1.602524 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 322TY UT WOS:000087526000012 ER PT J AU Brodsky, M Bongiovanni, MS AF Brodsky, M Bongiovanni, MS TI Bilateral lower leg acute exertional compartment syndrome SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE C1 USN, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bongiovanni, MS (reprint author), 4060 4th Ave,Ste 630A, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 6 BP 607 EP 609 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 325BQ UT WOS:000087656800017 PM 10875423 ER PT J AU Fazio, RF Wheeler, DS Poss, WB AF Fazio, RF Wheeler, DS Poss, WB TI Resident training in pediatric critical care transport medicine: A survey of pediatric residency programs SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE pediatric critical care transport; pediatric residency education ID ILL CHILD AB Objective: The,Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Program Requirement for Pediatrics includes specific objectives that pediatric residents participate in both the pre-hospital care of acutely ill or injured patients and the stabilization and transport of patients to critical care areas. previously, residents were often included as the physician component for many pediatric critical care transport teams. Subsequent regionalization of transport services and development of nurse-only transport teams prompted us to determine the current level of resident participation in pediatric critical care transport as well as how individual residency programs were meeting the educational objectives, Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to each pediatric residency program listed in the 1996-1997 GME Directory. Information was obtained regarding the size of the hospital and the residency program, the presence of a pediatric critical care transport team, the number of annual transports, and transport team leader, In addition, the use of pediatric residents for transports was ascertained as well as their specific role, training requirements, and method of evaluation. Results: Data were received from 138 programs for a return rate of 65%. Eighty percent of programs offered a pediatric critical care transport service, Nurse-led teams were used for 51% of NICU and 44% of PICU transports, Of the 82 NICU and 84 PICU teams that used residents, the majority used them as team leaders (60% and 70%, respectively) with only the minority requiring that they be at the PL-3 year or greater. The training and/or certification required for resident participation in transports varied among programs, with 85% requiring completion of a NICU or PICU rotation, and 94% requiring NRP or PALS certification. Programs that did not allow resident participation provided exposure to Transport Medicine hy various mechanisms, including lectures and emergency department (ED) rotations. Conclusion: Pediatric resident participation in critical care transport varies widely among pediatric critical care transport teams. The degree to which residents participate in the transport team would appear to have diminished in comparison to previous studies. Transport teams often use other resources, such as nurses, fellows, or attendings, to lead their transport teams. Pediatric resident exposure to and participation in Transport Medicine varies among programs, as do the methods used to prepare residents for their experience. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Med Editing Div, Clin Invest Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Fazio, RF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Med Editing Div, Clin Invest Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD JUN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1097/00006565-200006000-00007 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 325GA UT WOS:000087666800006 PM 10888453 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK Lewis, L Sommerauer, JF AF Biswas, AK Lewis, L Sommerauer, JF TI Aprotinin in the management of life-threatening bleeding during extracorporeal life support SO PERFUSION-UK LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC CARDIAC OPERATIONS; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; PLATELET-FUNCTION; BLOOD-LOSS; ACTIVATION; DOSAGE AB Contact with the synthetic surfaces of an extracorporeal circuit induces alterations in vascular components, derangements of the coagulation cascade and a systemic inflammatory response. Aprotinin reduces intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in adults undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass; however, trials in children have not had similar favorable results. While there have been some anecdotal reports, there have been no prospective clinical trials exploring the utility of aprotinin in the prevention of or as a therapy for bleeding while on extracorporeal life support (ECLS). We present a case series on our experience utilizing aprotinin for the treatment of life-threatening bleeding during ECLS. The combination of a loading dose followed by a continuous infusion resulted in significant reduction in blood loss and blood product utilization. This suggests that aprotinin may have clinical efficacy in the management of massive blood loss while on ECLS; however, larger controlled trials will be essential to determine the efficacy and appropriate dosing regimens before widespread use in ECLS can be advocated. C1 Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Biswas, AK (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0267-6591 J9 PERFUSION-UK JI Perfusion-UK PD JUN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 324XP UT WOS:000087647400005 PM 10866422 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I Starobin, JM Chernyak, YB AF Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I Starobin, JM Chernyak, YB TI Origin of quasiperiodic dynamics in excitable media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC TISSUE; CHAOS AB Analysis of the dynamic instabilities of periodic waves in a one-dimensional excitable ring medium demonstrates that driven oscillations of a pulse width display different oscillatory behavior at different values of stimulation frequency. Initial periodicity evolves to quasiperiodic dynamics when the propagation speed of a pulse approaches its minimal value determined by the dispersion relation of a medium. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Sci & Engn, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Sci & Engn, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Code 6900-IS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 6 BP 7208 EP 7211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.7208 PN B PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 323QA UT WOS:000087575400065 PM 11088421 ER PT J AU Kruer, WL AF Kruer, WL TI Interaction of plasmas with intense lasers SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; DRIVEN PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; BEAM DEFLECTION; SATURATION; LANGMUIR; PARTICLE; LIGHT; FLOW AB The interaction of plasmas with intense lasers is an excellent example of how different fields of physics are interconnected. Invention of the laser and its ongoing development has allowed the creation and study of high temperature, dense matter in the laboratory. The results both advance the underlying plasma science and are relevant to many fields ranging from astrophysics to fusion and nonlinear physics. A brief overview of the interaction physics is given. Selected topics are discussed to illustrate the exciting progress in experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations with focused laser intensities up to 10(21) W/cm(2). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)01805-X]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kruer, WL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2270 EP 2278 AR PII [S1070-664X(00)01805-X] DI 10.1063/1.874061 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321KW UT WOS:000087455500002 ER PT J AU Bodner, SE Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Klapisch, M AF Bodner, SE Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Klapisch, M TI High-gain direct-drive target design for laser fusion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; IGNITION; PLASMAS; GROWTH; NIKE AB A new laser fusion target concept is presented with a predicted energy gain of 127 using a 1.3 MJ KrF laser. This energy gain is sufficiently high for an economically attractive fusion reactor. X rays from high- and low-Z materials are used in combination with a low-opacity ablator to spatially tune the isentrope, thereby providing both high fuel compression and a reduction of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)04505-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 20145 USA. RP Bodner, SE (reprint author), 689 Fearrington Post, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. NR 14 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2298 EP 2301 DI 10.1063/1.874063 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321KW UT WOS:000087455500006 ER PT J AU Zheng, LJ Chen, L Santoro, RA AF Zheng, LJ Chen, L Santoro, RA TI Numerical simulations of toroidal Alfven instabilities excited by trapped energetic ions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC BALLOONING MODES; ALPHA-LOSS; EIGENMODES; EXCITATION; PARTICLES; TOKAMAKS; PLASMA; SHEAR AB Extensive magnetohydrodynamic-gyrokinetic hybrid simulations have been carried out to study the excitations of Alfven instabilities by trapped energetic ions in tokamak plasmas. Depending on the parameters, the most unstable mode can be either the toroidal Alfven eigenmode (TAE) or the energetic-particle mode (EPM). In both cases, the dominant instability driving mechanism is the resonance with the trapped-particle magnetic precessional drifts. The mode frequencies of the most unstable modes, meanwhile, tend to be near the toroidal frequency gap in order to minimize the continuum damping. It is also demonstrated that the instabilities can be quenched by reversing the magnetic precessional drifts via either negative magnetic shear or locating the magnetic turning points in the inner (strong B) side of the torus. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)01305-7]. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zheng, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI chen, liu/I-2297-2013 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2469 EP 2476 AR PII [S1070-664X(00)01305-7] DI 10.1063/1.874086 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321KW UT WOS:000087455500029 ER PT J AU Karasik, M Roquemore, AL Zweben, SJ AF Karasik, M Roquemore, AL Zweben, SJ TI Experiment and modeling of an atmospheric pressure arc in an applied oscillating magnetic field SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB A set of experiments are carried out to measure and understand the response of a free-burning atmospheric pressure carbon arc to applied transverse dc and ac magnetic fields. The arc is found to deflect parabolically for the dc field and assumes a growing sinusoidal structure for the ac field. A simple analytic two-parameter fluid model of the arc dynamics is derived, in which the arc response is governed by the arc jet originating at the cathode, with the applied JxB force balanced by inertia. Time variation of the applied field allows evaluation of the parameters individually. A fit of the model to the experimental data gives a value for the average jet speed an order of magnitude below Maecker's estimate of the maximum jet speed [H. Maecker, Z. Phys. 141, 198 (1955)]. An example industrial application of the model is considered. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)04406-2]. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Karasik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6731,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2715 EP 2727 AR PII [S1070-664X(00)04406-2] DI 10.1063/1.874115 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 321KW UT WOS:000087455500058 ER PT J AU Tyberg, CS Bergeron, K Sankarapandian, M Shih, P Loos, AC Dillard, DA McGrath, JE Riffle, JS Sorathia, U AF Tyberg, CS Bergeron, K Sankarapandian, M Shih, P Loos, AC Dillard, DA McGrath, JE Riffle, JS Sorathia, U TI Structure-property relationships of void-free phenolic-epoxy matrix materials SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE phenolic; epoxy; flame retardance ID COMPOSITES; RESINS; RELAXATION; NETWORKS AB The structure-property relationships of phenolic-epoxy networks have been investigated by several methods. Network densities have been explored by measuring the moduli in the rubbery regions and these experimental values were compared with those predicted from stoichiometry. The T(g)s decreased, and toughness increased, as the phenolic Novolac content in the network was increased. Both results could be correlated to the decrease in network densities along this series. Analysis of the cooperativity of the networks suggests a crossover in properties from two competing factors, network density and intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding). Measured fracture toughness values exceed those of typical untoughened epoxy networks and far exceed existing commercial phenolic networks. In addition, an increase in Novolac content improves the flame retardance rather dramatically. Thus, by controlling the Novolac content to reach an appropriate phenol to epoxy ratio, a void-fret system with both favorable mechanical properties and flame retardance can be achieved. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr High Performance Polymer Ad, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Riffle, JS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr High Performance Polymer Ad, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318 NR 33 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 13 BP 5053 EP 5062 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00574-1 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 299EB UT WOS:000086181800030 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Ji, Q Glass, TE Ward, TC McGrath, JE Muggli, M Burns, G Sorathia, U AF Wang, LF Ji, Q Glass, TE Ward, TC McGrath, JE Muggli, M Burns, G Sorathia, U TI Synthesis and characterization of organosiloxane modified segmented polyether polyurethanes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE improved fire resistance; segmented polyurethanes; organofunctional polydimethylsiloxane modification ID SILOXANE UREA COPOLYMERS AB Segmented polyurethanes derived from a 1000 (M) over bar(n), hydroxyl terminated polytetramethylene oxide soft segment, 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. MDI, and 1,4-butanediol were modified with a 1200 (M) over bar(n) secondary aminoalkyl functional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomer via solution polymerization in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/dimethylacetamide (DMAC). Various compositions were studied using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, quantitative size exclusion chromatography (SEC), cone calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, XPS and mechanical testing. The results suggest that, with as little as 15% of the polydimethylsiloxane one may reduce the cone calorimetry heat release rate by a factor of about 2/3 and hence improve fire resistance, while maintaining mechanical behavior. It is suggested that the low surface energy characteristics of PDMS promote migration to the air-polymer interface to form a predominately PDMS enriched surface. The latter is oxidized at elevated temperatures in air to a silicate-like material and this serves as a protective layer, which further reduces burning of the underlying polyurethane. Dynamic mechanical behavior and electron microscopy suggest that a complex mutiphase structure is produced, particularly at low PDMS weight fractions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Johns Manville Corp, Littleton, CO 80162 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, NSF Sci & Technol Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. 3M Ctr, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP McGrath, JE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 21 TC 117 Z9 144 U1 6 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 13 BP 5083 EP 5093 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00570-4 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 299EB UT WOS:000086181800033 ER PT J AU Kim, TD Lee, KS Lee, GU Kim, OK AF Kim, TD Lee, KS Lee, GU Kim, OK TI Synthesis and characterization of a novel polyimide-based second-order nonlinear optical material SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyimide; second-order nonlinearity; Mitsunobu reaction ID 2ND-ORDER NLO POLYAMIDEIMIDES; HIGH THERMAL-STABILITY; ELECTROOPTIC COEFFICIENTS; DIRECT POLYCONDENSATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CROSS-LINKING; POLYMERS; DERIVATIVES; POLYURETHANES; CHROMOPHORE AB A processable polyimide having azo-chromophore functionalized with cyanosulfonyl group (PI-SOT) was prepared for nonlinear optics applications. To introduce a highly nonlinear optical active chromophore on the polyimide matrix, we first synthesized monomers 4-[N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)amino] -4'-(2,5-dioxolane)azobenzene (AZO-OH2) and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalimide (6F-DI). After the polymerization reaction between AZO-OH2 and 6F-DI by using the Mitsunobu reaction, the dioxolane group of the resulting polymer PI-PRO was deprotected from the polymer PI-DEP having aldehyde group, and this polymer was further reacted with methanesulfonylacetonitrile to produce the final polymer PI-SOT. The molecular weight of PI-SOT was determined to be M-n = 5650 (M-w/M-n = 1.4). From DSC and TGA thermograms a glass transition temperature of ca. 186 degrees C and an initial decomposition temperature of ca. 201 degrees C were observed. PI-SOT dissolved in cyclohexanone could be easily processed into high optical quality films. The optical nonlinearity was determined to be d(31) = 50 pm V-1 and d(33) similar or equal to 150 pm V-1 (nonresonant d(33)(infinity) value: 47 pm V-1)by the second harmonic generation method in in-situ condition at a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm and its value showed good thermal stability up to 150 degrees C. By using the simple reflection measurement technique, a large electro-optic coefficient of r(33) = 28 pm V-1 at 633 nm wavelength was obtained. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hannam Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Taejon 306791, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, KS (reprint author), Hannam Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Taejon 306791, South Korea. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5237 EP 5245 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00723-5 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 303AG UT WOS:000086398200010 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Hurtado, SL AF Hourani, LL Hurtado, SL TI Total quality leadership in the US navy: Effective for health promotion activities? SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Total Quality Leadership; Navy; military; worksite health promotion; disease prevention; health survey ID IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT AB Background. Although the U.S. Navy mandated Total Quality Leadership (TQL) as a management strategy throughout its medical department in the early 1990s, it was unknown to what extent it was being used for health promotion activities and, if so, how effectively. Methods. A brief mail sun ey of 204 Navy commands supplemented by 97 telephone interviews to TQL-for-health-promotion-using commands and nonusing controls provided worksite information on TQL implementation. Responses from a Navywide health and fitness survey provided perceptions and health behavior attitudes from the individuals at commands. Results. A total of 32% of commands surveyed had used TQL specifically for improving health- and fitness-related processes and outcomes between 1991 and 1995. Participants at commands that had used TQL for health- and fitness-related processes reported a higher importance of good health (P < 0.05) and were more certain that they would reach and or maintain their ideal weight (P < 0.05) than participants at non-TQL commands. However, there were no significant differences in perceptions of command support for health and fitness between TQL and non-TQL commands. Conclusions. Several factors and organizational arrangements that were pertinent to the development and practice of TQL in the Navy were identified. The use of TQL specifically for health promotion was not consistently related to health-related perceptions or health behavior attitudes. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Div Hlth Sci, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 6 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1006/pmed.2000.0665 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 324RD UT WOS:000087634400004 PM 10901490 ER PT J AU Brody, EB Hatfield, BD Spalding, TW Frazer, MB Caherty, FJ AF Brody, EB Hatfield, BD Spalding, TW Frazer, MB Caherty, FJ TI The effect of a psyching strategy on neuromuscular activation and force production in strength-trained men SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE EMG; strength; sport psychology ID MUSCULAR ENDURANCE; MOTOR-PERFORMANCE; UP STRATEGIES; IMAGERY; VARIABLES; EFFICACY; TASK AB Force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps and triceps brachii were measured in 15 strength-trained men during maximal isometric action of the forearm flexors, with the elbow at 90 degrees, following 20-s periods of psyching (PSY), reading aloud (RA), and mental arithmetic (MA). Perceived arousal and attentional focus ratings for PSY were greater than those obtained for RA and MA, which were undifferentiated. Perceived effort, biceps and triceps EMG, and maximal force did not differ across conditions. Therefore, in highly trained men under conditions of brief exertion, when the biomechanics of the muscular action were controlled, psyching resulted in a perception of enhanced readiness but did not influence force or muscular activation differently from psychological states that were preceded by distraction. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Performance Enhancement Consultants Inc, Olney, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Hlth Educ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Kinesiol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hatfield, BD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD JUN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 328BJ UT WOS:000087828700007 PM 10925813 ER PT J AU Lynn, DC Bohlander, GS AF Lynn, DC Bohlander, GS TI Performing ship hull evaluations using an ROV - Saving navy money, time; Abetting maintenance planning SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lynn, DC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 6 BP 29 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 328NA UT WOS:000087855900005 ER PT J AU Plunkett, SP Vourlidas, A Simberova, S Karlicky, M Kotrc, P Heinzel, P Kupryakov, YA Guo, WP Wu, ST AF Plunkett, SP Vourlidas, A Simberova, S Karlicky, M Kotrc, P Heinzel, P Kupryakov, YA Guo, WP Wu, ST TI Simultaneous SOHO and ground-based observations of a large eruptive prominence and coronal mass ejection SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; LOOP TRANSIENTS; SOLAR MINIMUM; CLOUDS; LASCO; EIT; STREAMER; FIELDS; SKYLAB; SHOCK AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are frequently associated with erupting prominences near the solar surface. A spectacular eruption of the southern polar crown prominence was observed on 2 June 1998, accompanied by a CME that was well-observed by the LASCO coronagraphs on SOHO. The prominence was observed in its quiescent state and was followed throughout its eruption by the SOHO EIT and later by LASCO as the bright, twisted core of the CME. Ground-based Hot observations of the prominence were obtained at the Ondrejov Observatory in the Czech Republic. A gnat deal of fine structure was observed within the prominence as it erupted. The prominence motion was found to rotate about its axis as it moved outward. The CME contained a helical structure that is consistent with the ejection of a magnetic flux rope from the Sun. Similar structures have been observed by LASCO in many other CMEs. The relationship of the Bur rope to other structures in the CME is often not clear. In this event, the prominence clearly lies near the trailing edge of the structure identified as a flux rope. This structure can be observed from the onset of the CME in the low corona all the way out to the edge of the LASCO field of view. The initiation and evolution of the CME are modeled using a fully self-consistent, 3D axisymmetric, MHD code. C1 USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Computat Sci Inst, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM plunkett@cronus.nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Simberova, Stanislava/G-7515-2012; Karlicky, Marian/G-9023-2014; Kotrc, Pavel/G-9030-2014; Heinzel, Petr/G-9014-2014 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Simberova, Stanislava/0000-0003-3277-3924; NR 38 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 194 IS 2 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.1023/A:1005287524302 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 362TY UT WOS:000089795400012 ER PT J AU Johnson, M Bennett, BR Hammar, PR Miller, MM AF Johnson, M Bennett, BR Hammar, PR Miller, MM TI Magnetoelectronic latching Boolean gate SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE magnetoelectronics; nonvolatitle memory; programmable logic; Hall effect; Boolean gate; InAs ID HALL-EFFECT DEVICE AB We present a magnetoelectronic device family with the unique characteristic that the "family" is composed of a single device that can perform any of several Boolean functions, with the function dynamically determined during the operation by the manner in which the device is addressed. As the device operates in a latching mode, it also performs a nonvolatile storage function. Integration of logic and memory is achieved, so that memory and processing functions can be dynamically apportioned. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00313-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 312RG UT WOS:000086956200031 ER PT J AU Coquillard, GJ Tang, TF Steiner, N Perlee, L Ng, J Hartzman, R Hurley, CK AF Coquillard, GJ Tang, TF Steiner, N Perlee, L Ng, J Hartzman, R Hurley, CK TI DRB3 alleles with variations in the annealing sites of commonly used amplification primers SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE class II; direct DNA sequencing; DRB3 alleles; human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ID CLASS-II REGION; HLA; POLYMORPHISM; INDIVIDUALS; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; HLA-DRB1; GENES AB New HLA alleles are often identified initially from observing uncommon patterns found in low-resolution typing performed via polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCRSSOP). Recently, the HLA-DR oligotyping analysis of two Caucasian, one Caucasian/American Indian and two African American individuals resulted in the identification of three novel DRB3 alleles Using DRB-specific primer sets commonly employed in amplification-based typing, all four individuals were originally characterized as DRB3 negative. Direct sequencing identified DRB3*0104 (variation at codon 8, TCG instead of TTG), and DRB3*0101202 (variation at intron (-13), G instead of C). One individual appeared to carry a DR52-associated DRB1 allele without an associated DRB3 allele. Lack of conservation at the junction of intron 1 and exon 2 of the DRB3 gene suggests that commonly used DRB-specific primer sets may need to be modified. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Lifecodes Corp, Stamford, CT USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD JUN PY 2000 VL 55 IS 6 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550606.x PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 331RA UT WOS:000088031000006 PM 10902611 ER PT J AU Lewis, I Vellenga, DB AF Lewis, I Vellenga, DB TI The Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Albion Coll, Carl A Gerstacker Liberal Arts Inst Profess Manag, Albion, MI 49224 USA. RP Lewis, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS, INC PI ATLANTA PA 229 PEACHTREE ST, STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 39 IS 4 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 379DY UT WOS:000165626700003 ER PT J AU Mendel, LL Knafelc, ME Cudahy, EA AF Mendel, LL Knafelc, ME Cudahy, EA TI Hearing function in a hyperbaric environment SO UNDERSEA AND HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE otoacoustic emissions; ear canal resonance; air-conduction thresholds; bone-conduction thresholds; hearing physiology AB Navy divers' hearing function was assessed as part of three saturation deep dives to 1,000 feet of sea water (fsw) to determine explanations for threshold shifts observed under hyperbaric conditions. Across the three deep dives, different aspects of the ear were evaluated, including air- and bone-conduction pure-tone thresholds, real ear probe microphone measurements, auditory evoked potentials, and central auditory processing assessments. Attempts to measure middle ear function and cochlear function (through otoacoustic emissions) were unsuccessful. Baseline measurements were obtained at 0 fsw in air before and after the saturation deep dives. Results showed that some aspects of hearing function remained unchanged with increases in depth. In general, audiometric thresholds at depth were similar to those measured on the surface at 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 Hz. However, hearing sensitivity actually improved at depth at 6,000 and 8,000 Hz. The use of a specially designed sound booth for a pressurized heliox environment yielded significantly lower ambient noise levels and improved the accuracy of threshold measurement. Auditory evoked potential measurements and central auditory processing function were relatively unaffected by changes in depth. Significant changes at depth were seen in ear canal resonance which shifted up in frequency, this finding was attributed to the effect of helium on the hearing mechanism. Because objective measurement of middle ear and inner ear function were not methodologically possible, questions still remain regarding the interpretation of middle and inner ear function at depth. Nonetheless, our overall findings suggest that most aspects of hearing functioning are similar under high atmospheric pressures and in heliox as they are on the surface, with the exception of shifts in ear canal resonance and improvements in audiometric thresholds at high frequencies. C1 Univ Mississippi, Ctr Speech & Hearing Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. RP Univ Mississippi, Ctr Speech & Hearing Res, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DURHAM PA 21 WEST COLONY PLACE, STE 280, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 27 IS 2 BP 91 EP 105 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 479WJ UT WOS:000171426300004 PM 11011799 ER PT J AU Xu, HS Shanthi, G Bharti, V Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T AF Xu, HS Shanthi, G Bharti, V Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T TI Structural, conformational, and polarization changes of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer induced by high-energy electron irradiation SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMERS; FERROELECTRIC PHASE-TRANSITION; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; CO-POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA AB Structural and molecular conformation changes of high-energy electron-irradiated poly-(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 50/50 copolymer have been investigated by means of PT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and cross-linking density measurement and are compared with the change of polarization hysteresis loops with dose. Although in general the irradiation reduces the macroscopic polar ordering, which leads to the eventual disappearance of the remanent polarization in the copolymer at room temperature, the change in the mesoscopic structure and molecular conformation with dose is not monotonic. In the intermediate dose range, there is a reversal of the change of local ordering with dose, as revealed by the decrease of the fraction of the TG conformation in the copolymer and contraction of the lattice in directions perpendicular to the polymer chain with dose, which could be caused by the high cross-linking density due to irradiation. In addition, for irradiated polymers at doses above 30 Mrad, no transition behavior with temperature is observed in the FT-IR spectra, consistent with the early experimental results that the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition has been eliminated by irradiation. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Xu, HS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 30 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 11 BP 4125 EP 4131 DI 10.1021/ma9919561 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 320AF UT WOS:000087378300028 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM AF Mott, PH Roland, CM TI Mechanical and optical behavior of double network rubbers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS POLYMER NETWORKS; DIFFUSED-CONSTRAINT THEORY; NATURAL-RUBBER; CROSS-LINKING; STRAIN BIREFRINGENCE; ELASTICITY; STRESS; DEFORMATION; MODEL; ELASTOMERS AB Stress, strain, and optical birefringence were measured for a series of peroxide-cured natural rubbers, having both isotropic and double network structures. The residual stretch (permanent set) for the latter ranged from 2.0 to 4.5, with elastic moduli that were an increasing function of this residual strain, as found in previous works. A small birefringence, ca. 10(-5), was observed for the unstressed double networks, and its magnitude increased with increasing residual strain. The sign of this birefringence corresponded to extension of the (undeformed) double networks. Under stress, the birefringence followed the stress optical law. The double network properties were interpreted using the constrained-chain model of rubber elasticity, with the assumption of independent, additive contributions from the two component networks. The calculated results differed from the experimental findings, in particular underestimating the residual strain. This failure is a consequence of the overprediction of the stresses during compression, a limitation common to molecular theories of rubber elasticity. The modeling of the double networks does account qualitatively for the sign of their unstressed birefringence, which is due to the stress-optical coefficient being larger in tension than in compression. This particular deviation from the stress-optical law is known from both theory and experiment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 64 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 30 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 11 BP 4132 EP 4137 DI 10.1021/ma000145q PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 320AF UT WOS:000087378300029 ER PT J AU Bartolo, RE Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Meyer, JR Yang, MJ AF Bartolo, RE Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Meyer, JR Yang, MJ TI Mid-infrared angled-grating distributed feedback laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDINFRARED W-LASER; BOND HEAT SINKING; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; AMPLIFIER; CW AB We report near-diffraction-limited output from an angled-grating distributed feedback type-II W laser emitting near 3.4 mu m. For pulsed optical pumping of a 50-mu m-wide stripe at 78 K, the far-field beam divergence angle was only 1.4 degrees. The slope efficiency was 64% of that for a conventional Fabry-Perot laser on the same bar. However, the spectral linewidth decreased by only a factor of 2. The beam quality was substantially better than that for the Fabry-Perot laser out to stripe widths of at least 800 mu m. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00422-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Bartolo, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 22 BP 3164 EP 3166 DI 10.1063/1.126617 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317QX UT WOS:000087239400002 ER PT J AU Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA AF Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA TI Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of single-crystal Co2MnGe Heusler alloy films on GaAs (001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; NIMNSB; INTERFACE; CRO2 AB Single-crystal Co2MnGe Heusler alloy films were epitaxially grown on GaAs (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. In situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns and Auger spectroscopy confirmed the high-quality growth and stoichiometry. At 5 K, a saturation magnetization of 1000 emu/cm(3) was measured. In-plane ferromagnetic resonance shows narrow linewidths and four-fold plus uniaxial anisotropy. A room-temperature resistivity of 115 mu Omega cm has also been determined. The temperature dependence of the resistivity shows metallic behavior down to low temperatures. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04222-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ambrose, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 22 BP 3280 EP 3282 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)04222-4] DI 10.1063/1.126606 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317QX UT WOS:000087239400041 ER PT J AU Wang, YG Reeves, ME Rachford, FJ AF Wang, YG Reeves, ME Rachford, FJ TI Simultaneous imaging of dielectric properties and topography in a PbTiO3 crystal by near-field scanning microwave microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS AB We use a near-field scanning microwave microscope to simultaneously image the dielectric constant, loss tangent, and topography in a PbTiO3 crystal. By this method, we study the effects of the local dielectric constant and loss tangent in the geometry of periodic domains on the measured resonant frequency, and quality factor. We also carry out theoretical calculations and the results agree well with the experimental data and reveal the anisotropic nature of the dielectric constant. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)05022-1]. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YG (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 22 BP 3295 EP 3297 DI 10.1063/1.126611 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317QX UT WOS:000087239400046 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B AF Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B TI Prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to anti-retroviral drugs in a cohort of therapy-naive HIV-1 infected US military personnel SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; drug resistance; phenotype; genotype ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TYPE-1; GENE; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; VARIANTS; NEVIRAPINE AB Objective: While transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 has been reported, estimates of prevalence of resistance in drug-naive populations are incomplete. We investigated the prevalence of genotypic mutations and phenotypic antiretroviral resistance in a cohort of HIV-1 infected U.S. military personnel prior to the institution of antiretroviral therapy. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 114 recently HIV-1 infected subjects enrolled in an epidemiological study. Genotypic resistance was determined by consensus sequencing of a PCR product from the HIV-1 pol gene. Sequences were interpreted by a phenotypic-genotypic correlative database. Resistance phenotypes were determined by a recombinant virus cell culture assay. Results: Genotypic mutations and phenotypic resistance were found at a higher than expected frequency. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was most common, with a prevalence of 15% of 95 subjects by genotype and 26% of 91 subjects by phenotype. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance respectively were found in 4% and 8% of subjects for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and in 10% and 1% for protease inhibitors. One subject harbored virus with resistance to all three drug classes. Conclusions: A substantial frequency of resistance to antiretroviral drugs was identified in a therapy-naive U.S. cohort. In most cases, the genotypic and phenotypic assays yielded similar results, although the genotypic assay could detect some protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations in the absence of phenotypic resistance. These data suggest the need for optimization of treatment guidelines based on current estimates of the prevalence of drug resistance in HIV-1 seroconverters. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virco Belgium, Mechelen, Belgium. Virco UK, Cambridge, England. RP Wegner, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Ct Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 29 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1097/00002030-200005260-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 319UX UT WOS:000087362200013 PM 10853983 ER PT J AU Itkes, A Allegra, CJ Zajac-Kaye, M AF Itkes, A Allegra, CJ Zajac-Kaye, M TI Multiprotein complexes present at the MIF motifs flanking the promoter of the human c-myc gene SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE transcription; c-myc; intron; myc intron binding polypeptide; RFX1 ID HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; ENHANCER-I; SV40 ENHANCER; RFX1; INTRON; TRANSACTIVATOR; ORGANIZATION; ELEMENT; REGIONS AB The activated C-myc allele in Burkitt's lymphoma is associated,vith a clustering of somatic mutations within a discrete domain of intron I that define protein recognition sequences, designated as myc intron factors (MIF-1, MIF-2 and MIF-3). We have previously shown that MIF-1 binding activity consists of two polypeptides, myc intron binding polypeptide (MIBP1) and RFX1, In the present study we identified two polypeptides, p105 and p115, and showed that these proteins give rise to a DNA-protein complex at the MIF-2 as well as the adjacent MIF-1 site. In addition, we demonstrated that all four proteins interact with a navel MIF-I like motif upstream from the c-myc promoter region, designated 5'MTF, These data suggest a model, where the interactions of MIBP1/RFX1 and p105/p115 with the MIF-like sites may play a role in the promoter topology of the c-myc gene. (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Naval Hosp, NCI, Navy Oncol Branch, Div Clin Sci,Med Branch,Dept Dev Therapeut, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Zajac-Kaye, M (reprint author), Naval Hosp, NCI, Navy Oncol Branch, Div Clin Sci,Med Branch,Dept Dev Therapeut, Bldg 8,R 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM kayem@exchange.nih.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 474 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01562-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 320YB UT WOS:000087427500005 PM 10828444 ER PT J AU Kang, W AF Kang, W TI Bifurcation control via state feedback for systems with a single uncontrollable mode SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE bifurcation; invariants; normal form; feedback control ID NORMAL-FORM AB The state feedback control of bifurcations with quadratic or cubic degeneracy is addressed for systems with a single uncontrollable mode. Based on normal forms and invariants, the classification of bifurcations for systems with a single uncontrollable mode is obtained (Table 1). Using invariants, stability characterizations are derived for a family of bifurcations, including saddle-node bifurcations, transcritical bifurcations, pitchfork bifurcations, and bifurcations with a cusp or hysteresis phenomenon. Bifurcations in systems under perturbed feedbacks are also addressed. In the case of a saddle-node bifurcation, continuous but not differentiable feedbacks are introduced to locally remove the bifurcation and to achieve the stability. C1 USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@math.nps.navy.mil NR 26 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1428 EP 1452 DI 10.1137/S0363012997325927 PG 25 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA 324UE UT WOS:000087639100007 ER PT J AU Pilloff, HS AF Pilloff, HS TI The effect of the van der Waals interaction on the excited state for atom guiding in metal-coated, hollow-core optical fibers SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE atom guiding; hollow, dielectric wave guides; evanescent atom guiding; coherent atomic excitation; Van der Waals potential, two-level atoms ID MOTION AB The study of atom guiding in a metal-coated, hollow-core optical fiber has been extended to the case of moderate to strong coherent excitation. Significant populations of the upper level are produced and the effect of the increased van der Waals interaction of the excited state with the inner wall is represented as a multiplicative scaling factor of the ground state interaction. This scaling factor is justified by a simple, exact calculation for atomic hydrogen where the van der Waals interaction for H(4p) is a factor of 400 larger than that for the H(ls). By combining the optical dipole potential and the population-weighted van der Waals level shifts, an overall guiding barrier is obtained. The barrier functions are maximized in terms of both the detuning and the radial position to give the maximum barrier heights. For given laser field strengths at the inner wall, the resulting barriers depend strongly on the van der Waals scaling factors. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Pilloff, HS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 179 IS 1-6 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00532-5 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 326NP UT WOS:000087741900015 ER PT J AU Hammar, PR Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Johnson, M AF Hammar, PR Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Johnson, M TI Comment on "Observation of spin injection at a ferromagnet-semiconductor interface" - Hammar et al. reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; DEVICE; CHARGE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hammar, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 21 BP 5024 EP 5025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5024 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 315LC UT WOS:000087114400062 ER PT J AU Semak, VV Steele, RJ Fuerschbach, PW Damkroger, BK AF Semak, VV Steele, RJ Fuerschbach, PW Damkroger, BK TI Role of beam absorption in plasma during laser welding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KEYHOLE; PENETRATION; MODEL; BALANCE AB The relationship between beam focus position and penetration depth in CW laser welding was studied numerically and experimentally for different welding conditions. Calculations were performed using a transient hydrodynamic model that incorporates the effect of evaporation recoil pressure and the associated melt expulsion. The simulation results are compared with measurements made on a series of test welds obtained using a 1650 W COL laser. Thr simulations predict, and the experiments confirm, that maximum penetration occurs with a specific location of the beam focus, with respect to the original sample surface, and that this relationship depends on the processing conditions. In particular, beam absorption in the plasma has a significant effect on the relationship between penetration and focus position, When the process parameters result in strong beam absorption in the keyhole plasma, the maximum penetration will occur when the laser focus is at or above the sample surface. In a case of weak absorption however, the penetration depth reaches its maximum value when the beam focus is located below the sample surface. In all cases, the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Semak, VV (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1179 EP 1185 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/33/10/307 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 320HT UT WOS:000087396300008 ER PT J AU Atwood, WB Ritz, S Anthony, P Bloom, ED Bosted, PE Bourotte, J Chaput, C Chen, X Chenette, DL Engovatov, D Erickson, R Fieguth, T Fleury, P Gearhart, R Godfrey, G Grove, JE Hernando, JA Hirayama, M Jaggar, S Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Jones, BB Kroger, W Lin, YC Meetre, C Michelson, PF Milne, PA Moiseev, A Nolan, P Norris, JP Oreglia, M Ormes, JF Phlips, BF Pocar, A Sadrozinski, HFW Szalata, Z Thompson, DJ Tompkins, WF AF Atwood, WB Ritz, S Anthony, P Bloom, ED Bosted, PE Bourotte, J Chaput, C Chen, X Chenette, DL Engovatov, D Erickson, R Fieguth, T Fleury, P Gearhart, R Godfrey, G Grove, JE Hernando, JA Hirayama, M Jaggar, S Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Jones, BB Kroger, W Lin, YC Meetre, C Michelson, PF Milne, PA Moiseev, A Nolan, P Norris, JP Oreglia, M Ormes, JF Phlips, BF Pocar, A Sadrozinski, HFW Szalata, Z Thompson, DJ Tompkins, WF TI Beam test of gamma-ray large area space telescope components SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR; GLAST AB A beam test of Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) components was performed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in October 1997. These beam test components were simple versions of the planned flight hardware. Results on the performance of the tracker, calorimeter, and anti-coincidence charged particle veto are presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Ecole Polytech, Palaiseau, France. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lockheed Martin, Palo Alto, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ritz, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/L-7642-2014 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/0000-0002-8683-5142 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2000 VL 446 IS 3 BP 444 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00980-8 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 318YP UT WOS:000087312500004 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Pederson, MR Richardson, SL AF Kortus, J Pederson, MR Richardson, SL TI Density functional-based prediction of the electronic, structural, and vibrational properties of the energetic molecule: octanitrocubane SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SOLID CUBANE AB We have performed density functional calculations on the recently discovered energetic molecule, octanitrocubane C-8(NO2)(8). We predict a strongly exothermic dissociation energy and calculate the ionization potentials, electron affinities and vibrational spectra. We predict that the isolated molecule exhibits a symmetry which is higher than that found in the solid. The vibrational density of states shows strong Raman activity at low frequencies and strong IR intensities at high frequencies. We identify a low-energy anharmonic mode which is consistent with the experimentally assumed free torsional rotations of the NO2 groups about their respective C-N axes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2000 VL 322 IS 3-4 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00425-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 318EX UT WOS:000087271900012 ER PT J AU Hoepping, A Johnson, KM George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP AF Hoepping, A Johnson, KM George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP TI Novel conformationally constrained tropane analogues by 6-endo-trig radical cyclization and Stille coupling - Switch of activity toward the serotonin and/or norepinephrine transporter SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-ESTER ANALOGS; DOPAMINE-TRANSPORTER; COCAINE BINDING; SELECTIVITY; INHIBITORS; AFFINITY; LIGANDS; REWARD; ABUSE; RAT AB A novel class of tricyclic tropane analogues has been synthesized by making use of radical cyclization technology in combination with the Stille coupling reaction. As hybrids between tropanes and quinuclidines, these tropaquinuclidines represent a significant structural; departure from many of the other classes of tropane ligands synthesized to date. This structure class is characterized by the boat conformation of the tropane ring and the orientation of the additional bridge (and therefore of the nitrogen lone pair) together with the unusual placement of the aromatic moiety. All compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit monoamine reuptake under identical conditions. The ability to inhibit reuptake of dopamine in comparison to: cocaine is generally decreased in this series but for one compound. (1S,3R,6S)-(Z)-9-(thienylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0(3.7)]-decane-2a beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5h) exhibits reasonable activity at the dopamine transporter (DAT) (K-i = 268 nM) and good activity at the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (K-i = 26 nM). The potency and selectivity shown by some of these ligands for the NET, serotonine transporter (SERT), or NET/SERT is striking, particularly in view of the displacement of the aromatic ring in this series from its usual position at C-3 in the WIN analogues. Thus, (1S,3R,6S)-(Z)-9-(4-biphenylylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0(3.7)]-decane-2 beta-carboxyl acid methyl ester (5a) is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake (K-i = 12 nM). Its p-methoxy analogue 5c is a mixed inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake (K-i = 187 nM at the NET and 56 nM at the SERT). The most active and selective compound we found in the present series is compound 8b [(1S,3R,GS)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-(Z)-9-(3,4-dichlorophenylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0(3.7)]decane]. This compound is a potent (K-i = 1.6 nM) and selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake into rat midbrain synaptosomes. Its Selectivity is about 400-fold over the NET and about 1000-fold over the DAT. The results of this study further demonstrate the possibility of tuning the selectivity of tropane analogues toward the SERT or NET binding site. The ligands disclosed herein provide additional pharmacological tools of use in attempting to correlate structure and transporter selectivity with in vivo studies of behavioral outcomes. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Johnson, Kenneth/E-7944-2014 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA05867, DA09045, DA10458] NR 32 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAY 18 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2064 EP 2071 DI 10.1021/jm0001121 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 317KE UT WOS:000087223900016 PM 10821718 ER PT J AU Rowe-Taitt, CA Cras, JJ Patterson, CH Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Rowe-Taitt, CA Cras, JJ Patterson, CH Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI A ganglioside-based assay for cholera toxin using an array biosensor SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE array; biosensor; cholera toxin; ganglioside; GM1, patterning ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GM1; PURIFICATION; ENTEROTOXINS; IMMUNOSENSOR; MEMBRANES; ANALYTES AB A rapid assay for cholera toxin (CT) has been developed using a fluorescence-based biosensor, This sensor was capable of analyzing six samples simultaneously for CT in 20 min with few manipulations required by the operator. The biochemical assays utilized a ganglioside-"capture" format: ganglioside GM1, utilized for capture of analyte, was immobilized in discrete locations on the surface of the optical waveguide. Binding of CT to immobilized GM1 was demonstrated with direct assays (using fluorescently labeled CT) and "sandwich" immunoassays (using fluorescently labeled tracer antibodies). Limits of detection for CT were 200 ng/ml in direct assays and 40 ng/ml and 1 mu g/ml in sandwich-type assays performed using rabbit and goat tracer antibodies. Binding of CT to other glycolipid capture reagents was also observed. While significant CT binding was observed to loci patterned with GD1b, Gb3, and Gb4, CT did not bind significantly to immobilized GT1b at the concentrations tested. This is the first description of such a non-antibody-based recognition system in a multi-specific planar array sensor. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biochem, Washington, DC USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 281 IS 1 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1006/abio.2000.4571 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 318KH UT WOS:000087282700017 PM 10847619 ER PT J AU Porezag, D Pederson, MR Liu, AY AF Porezag, D Pederson, MR Liu, AY TI Adsorption and dissociation of hydrazoic acid on Al(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; ION-IMPLANTATION; ELECTRON; DECOMPOSITION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; MOLECULES; ALN(0001); FILMS AB Hydrazoic acid (N3H) is a possible precursor for the low-temperature growth of aluminum nitride (A1N), a wide-gap semiconductor with many potential applications. We have investigated the adsorption of N3H on the Al(111) surface using ab initio density-functional theory and a self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method. This process may be seen as an initial step of the heteroepitaxial growth of A1N. Our results show that the molecule dissociates on the surface into N-2 and a NH radical without encountering a barrier. Furthermore, while the NH radical forms strong bonds with the top surface atoms, there is no significant binding between the N-2 fragment and the surface. We display the complete dissociation path and the total energies associated with the different intermediate configurations and compare our results to experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 19 BP 13230 EP 13234 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.13230 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 316GK UT WOS:000087159100115 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ TI Electronic structure of NaCo2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMION COMPOUND LIV2O4; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDE; HEAVY-FERMION; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB First principles density functional calculations of the electronic and magnetic properties of the layered oxide NaCo2O4 have been performed using the general potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The electronic transport properties are discussed in terms of the calculated paramagnetic band structure. It is found that the thermopower and specific heat data above 10 K are well accounted for with only moderate renormalization in spite of the fact that this is a strongly correlated system characterized by W much less than U. Weak instabilities of itinerant magnetic character are found. The low temperature properties (T below 10 K) are discussed in terms of these. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 25 TC 474 Z9 482 U1 8 U2 83 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 20 BP 13397 EP 13402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.13397 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 318LF UT WOS:000087284900020 ER PT J AU Barvosa-Carter, W Bracker, AS Culbertson, JC Nosho, BZ Shanabrook, BV Whitman, LJ Kim, H Modine, NA Kaxiras, E AF Barvosa-Carter, W Bracker, AS Culbertson, JC Nosho, BZ Shanabrook, BV Whitman, LJ Kim, H Modine, NA Kaxiras, E TI Structure of III-Sb(001) growth surfaces: The role of heterodimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; 001 SURFACES; RECONSTRUCTIONS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PHOTOEMISSION; NUCLEATION; MODEL; ALSB AB We have determined the structure of AlSb and GaSb (001) surfaces prepared by molecular beam epitaxy under typical Sb-rich device growth conditions. Within the range of flux and temperature where the diffraction pattern is nominally (1 x 3), we find that there are actually three distinct, stable (4 x 3) surface reconstructions. The three structures differ from any previously proposed for these growth conditions, with two of the reconstructions incorporating mixed III-V dimers within the Sb surface layer. These heterodimers appear to play an important role in island nucleation and growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP HRL Labs, Malibu, CA USA. EM wbc@hrl.com; Lloyd.Whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 20 BP 4649 EP 4652 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4649 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 313JT UT WOS:000086997100034 ER PT J AU Ching, WM Zhang, Z Dasch, GA Olson, JG AF Ching, WM Zhang, Z Dasch, GA Olson, JG TI Improved diagnosis of typhus rickettsiae using a chemically methylated recombinant S-layer protein fragment. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 463 BP A1391 EP A1391 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005400496 ER PT J AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, MF TI Statistical mechanics - Exploring phase space SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Code 331,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 405 IS 6783 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1038/35012197 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 314WG UT WOS:000087080100032 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Fey, AL Dennison, B Mantovani, F Simonetti, JH Alberdi, A Foley, AR Fiedler, R Garrett, MA Hirabayashi, H Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Marcaide, J Migenes, V Nicolson, GD Venturi, T AF Lazio, TJW Fey, AL Dennison, B Mantovani, F Simonetti, JH Alberdi, A Foley, AR Fiedler, R Garrett, MA Hirabayashi, H Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ Marcaide, J Migenes, V Nicolson, GD Venturi, T TI The extreme scattering event toward PKS 1741-038: VLBI images SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : general; quasars : individual (1741-038); radio continuum : ISM; scattering ID REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; COMPACT RADIO-SOURCES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PLASMA; SCINTILLATION; SPECTRUM; DENSITY; MHZ AB We report multiepoch VLBI observations of the source PKS 1741-038 (OT 068) as it underwent an extreme scattering event (ESE). Observations at four epochs were obtained, and images were produced at three of these. One of these three epochs was when the source was near the minimum flux density of the ESE, the other two were as the flux density of the source was returning to its nominal value. The fourth epoch was at the maximum flux density during the egress from the ESE, but the VLBI observations had too few stations to produce an image. During the event the source consisted of a dominant, compact component, essentially identical to the structure seen outside the event. However, the source's diameter increased slightly at 13 cm, from near 0.6 mas outside the ESE to near 1 mas during the ESE. An increase in the source's diameter is inconsistent with a simple refractive model in which a smooth refractive lens drifted across the line of sight to PKS 1741-038. We also see no evidence for ESE-induced substructure within the source or the formation of multiple images, as would occur in a strongly refractive lens. However, a model in which the decrease in flux density during the ESE occurs solely because of stochastic broadening within the lens requires a larger broadening diameter during the event than is observed. Thus, the ESE toward PKS 1741-038 involved both stochastic broadening and refractive defocusing within the lens. If the structure responsible for the ESE has a size of order I AU, the level of scattering within an ESE lens may be a factor of 10(7) larger than that in the ambient medium. A filamentary structure could reduce the difference between the strength of scattering in the lens and ambient medium, but there is no evidence for a refractively induced elongation of the source. We conclude that, if ESEs arise from filamentary structures, they occur when the filamentary structures are seen lengthwise. We are able to predict the amount of pulse broadening that would result from a comparable lens passing in front of a pulsar. The pulse broadening would be no more than 1.1 mu s, consistent with the lack of pulse broadening detected during ESEs toward the pulsars PSR B1937+21 and PSR J1643-1224. The line of sight toward PKS 1741-038 is consistent with a turbulent origin for the structures responsible for ESEs. The source PKS 1741-038 lies near the radio Loop I and is seen through a local minimum in 100 mu m emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Joint Inst VLBI, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Univ Guanajuato, Dept Astron, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico. Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Migenes, Victor/F-3157-2015 OI Migenes, Victor/0000-0002-7990-2191 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2000 VL 534 IS 2 BP 706 EP 717 DI 10.1086/308779 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 320ZA UT WOS:000087429400017 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Bottcher, M AF Dermer, CD Bottcher, M TI Flash heating of circumstellar clouds by gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (eta Carinae) ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; AFTERGLOW; MODEL; LINE; COMPTONIZATION; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; DEATH AB The blast-wave: model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been called into question by observations of spectra from GRBs that are harder than can be produced through optically thin synchrotron emission. If GRBs originate from the collapse of massive stars, then circumstellar clouds near burst sources will be illuminated by intense gamma radiation, and the electrons in these clouds will be rapidly scattered to energies as large as several hundred keV. Low-energy photons that subsequently pass through the hot plasma will be scattered to higher energies, hardening the intrinsic spectrum. This effect resolves the "line-of-death" objection to the synchrotron shock model. Illuminated clouds near GRBs will form relativistic plasmas containing large numbers of electron-positron pairs that can be detected within similar to 1-2 days of the explosion before expanding and dissipating. Localized regions of pair annihilation radiation in the Galaxy would reveal past GRB explosions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2000 VL 534 IS 2 BP L155 EP L158 DI 10.1086/312669 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 320ZB UT WOS:000087429500010 ER PT J AU Hsu, TY Grega, LM Leighton, RI Wei, T AF Hsu, TY Grega, LM Leighton, RI Wei, T TI Turbulent kinetic energy transport in a corner formed by a solid wall and a free surface SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLOW; WAKE AB High-resolution DPIV and LDV measurements were made in a turbulent mixed boundary corner, i.e, a turbulent boundary layer generated by horizontal flow of water along a vertical wall in the vicinity of a horizontal free surface. This work is an extension of an earlier numerical/experimental study which established the existence of inner and outer secondary flow regions in the corner. The inner secondary motion is characterized by a weak, slowly evolving vortex with negative streamwise vorticity. The outer secondary motion is characterized by an upflow along the wall and outflow away from the wall at the free surface. The objective of the current investigation, then, was to understand the combined effects of a horizontal, shear-free, free surface and a vertical, rigid, no-slip boundary on turbulent kinetic energy transport. The context of this work is providing physical insights and quantitative data for advancing the state of the art in free-surface turbulence modelling. Experiments were conducted in a large free-surface water tunnel at momentum-thickness Reynolds numbers, Re-theta, of 670 for the DPIV studies, and 1150 for the LDV measurements. A high-resolution, two-correlation DPIV program was used to generate ensembles of vector fields in planes parallel to the free surface. These data were further processed to obtain profiles of turbulent kinetic energy transport terms, such as production and dissipation. In addition, profiles of streamwise and surface-normal velocity were made (as functions of distance from the wall) using two-component LDV. Key findings of this study include the fact that both turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation are dramatically reduced close to the free surface. Far from the wall, this results in an increase in surface-parallel fluctuations very close to the free surface. The degree of this anisotropy and the spatial scales over which it exists are critical data for improved free-surface turbulence models. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr W, Struct Acoust & Hydroacoust Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, TY (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, POB 909, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Hang, Chen/H-5336-2011 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 10 PY 2000 VL 410 BP 343 EP 366 DI 10.1017/S0022112099008125 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 322RP UT WOS:000087522800013 ER PT J AU Blackman, DK Nishimura, CE Orcutt, JA AF Blackman, DK Nishimura, CE Orcutt, JA TI Seismoacoustic recordings of a spreading episode an the Mohns Ridge SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; HYDROPHONE ARRAYS; COAXIAL SEGMENT; MEGAPLUME SITE; VOLCANO; MICROEARTHQUAKES; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY AB A period of very active seismicity near 72.7 degrees N, 4 degrees E marks an episode of seafloor spreading on the Mohns Ridge. The earthquakes were recorded from November 1995 to January 1996 by onshore seismic stations and by U.S. Navy hydrophone arrays in the North Atlantic. Both the temporal and spatial histories of the activity suggest that volcanism accompanied the tectonic events. The hydrophone arrays recorded 2-3 orders of magnitude more events than the onshore seismic arrays with up to 1000 events per day observed during the most intense phase of activity. A level of 50-200 events per day was sustained throughout the episode. Initial locations of the events were obtained from the seismic bulletin. Further refinement of the epicenters was possible using P, S (converted to an acoustic phase at the seafloor), and T waves in the hydrophone data, Analysis of arrival time differences between these phases indicates that one main area and two subsidiary areas along the rift were active during the swarm. A few events occurred at a more distant location. The activity tends to concentrate in one area or another for short periods (a few days), but at times it is clear that events occur simultaneously at more than one location. We have not found evidence of steady migration of activity, such as might accompany propagation of a magma-filled dike. We thus infer that despite the 50-70 km length of ridge involved in the spreading episode, rupture and magmatic eruption at the seafloor probably only occurred in a few discrete areas. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blackman, DK (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dblackman@ucsd.edu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 2000 VL 105 IS B5 BP 10961 EP 10973 DI 10.1029/2000JB900011 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 313YM UT WOS:000087027400011 ER PT J AU Oliver, SA Harris, VG Hamdeh, HH Ho, JC AF Oliver, SA Harris, VG Hamdeh, HH Ho, JC TI Large zinc cation occupancy of octahedral sites in mechanically activated zinc ferrite powders SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ZNFE2O4; MOSSBAUER AB The cation site occupancy of a mechanically activated nanocrystalline zinc ferrite powder was determined as (Zn0.552+Fe0.183+)(tet)[Zr0.452+Fe1.823+](oct)O-4 through analysis of extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements, showing a large redistribution of cations between sites compared to normal zinc ferrite samples. The overpopulation of cations in the octahedral sites was attributed to the ascendance in importance of the ionic radii over the crystal energy and bonding coordination in determining which interstitial sites are occupied in this structurally disordered powder. Slight changes are observed in the local atomic environment about the zinc cations, but not the iron cations, with respect to the spinel structure. The presence of Fe3+ on both sites is consistent with the measured room temperature magnetic properties. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04819-1]. C1 Northeastern Univ, Ctr Electromagnet Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Phys, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Oliver, SA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Electromagnet Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 14 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 8 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 19 BP 2761 EP 2763 DI 10.1063/1.126467 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 309QB UT WOS:000086778200039 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI A mathematical comparison of simple models of Johnson noise and shot noise SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB Simple physical models of Johnson noise and shot noise are compared within the mathematical framework of continuous Markov process theory. The comparison may help illuminate differences or misconceptions that might be fuelling the current debate over whether Johnson noise and shot noise can be subsumed under a single, unified theory. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 8 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 18 BP 4195 EP 4205 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/12/18/305 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 317NP UT WOS:000087231700006 ER PT J AU Raviprakash, K Kochel, TJ Ewing, D Simmons, M Phillips, I Hayes, CG Porter, KR AF Raviprakash, K Kochel, TJ Ewing, D Simmons, M Phillips, I Hayes, CG Porter, KR TI Immunogenicity of dengue virus type 1 DNA vaccines expressing truncated and full length envelope protein SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; DNA vaccine; mouse; antibody response ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; LETHAL JEV INFECTION; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; SHOCK SYNDROME AB Recombinant plasmid DNA constructs expressing truncated or full-length dengue-1 envelope (E) with or without the pre-membrane (prM) were tested for immunogenicity in mice, as candidate dengue DNA vaccines. Two plasmids, one expressing the N-terminal 80% E and the other expressing prM and full length E were immunogenic in intradermally inoculated mice. The vaccinated mice produced dengue-l specific antibodies that were both neutralizing and long lasting. Data suggested that the plasmid expressing prM and full length E produced virus like particles in transfected cells, and is probably a better immunogen compared to that expressing 80% E. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Virol Program, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20899 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Raviprakash, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Virol Program, Dept Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20899 USA. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 46 TC 70 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 8 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 22 BP 2426 EP 2434 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00570-8 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 313BN UT WOS:000086978600016 PM 10738100 ER PT J AU Lei, CSC Davis, A Lee, EW AF Lei, CSC Davis, A Lee, EW TI Effect of BSTOA and mill anneal on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V castings SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, EW (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Aerosp Mat Div, Code 4342 Bldg 2188 Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 157 IS 5 BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 312TA UT WOS:000086958000008 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA Grant, JR AF Huyer, SA Grant, JR TI Solution of two-dimensional vorticity equation on a Lagrangian mesh SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPULSIVELY STARTED CYLINDER; VORTEX METHODS; FLOW; SIMULATIONS AB A novel, vorticity-based solution methodology has been developed to compute unsteady now past bodies. Vorticity is evolved on a set of points, and the vorticity in the remainder of the field is determined by linear interpolation, Interpolation is accomplished by Delaunay triangularization of the points in the field. Triangulation of the vorticity field provides a basis to integrate the vorticity to compute the velocity. Nodal connectivity from the triangularization also provides a list of the neighboring points that are used to construct a second-order least-squares fit of the vorticity. First- and second-order spatial derivatives can then be computed based on this polynomial fit. Surface vorticity on the body is computed to satisfy the no-slip boundary condition and is introduced into the flow via diffusion. A diffusion transport velocity was derived to account for spatial movement of the vorticity due to viscous diffusion. The points are advected by the sum of the induced velocity (computed from the Biot-Savart integral) and the diffusion velocity. The remaining diffusion term includes a form of the Laplacian and is computed directly. This solution scheme was found to be stable as applied to the problem of impulsively started flow about a circular cylinder and Rat plate. Comparisons with experimental and the Blasius boundary-layer solution fur a flat plate were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Hydrodynam Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Hydrodynam Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 774 EP 783 DI 10.2514/2.1057 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 311UD UT WOS:000086903300005 ER PT J AU Novak, F Sarpkaya, T AF Novak, F Sarpkaya, T TI Turbulent vortex breakdown at high Reynolds numbers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LAYER AB This paper deals with vortex breakdown in noncavitating swirling flows in tubes at high Reynolds numbers (Re = U0D0/nu as high as 3 x 10(5) or gamma = Gamma/nu as high as 175,000). Breakdown in slender vortices of high intensity begins with a rapidly spinning spiral at a point dictated by the prevailing flow and boundary conditions. The nascent spiral bursts into turbulence shortly after its inception, i.e., the breakdowns occurring at relatively low gamma or Reynolds numbers are bypassed at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers. Additional findings concern the core bifurcation, the random reversals in the sense of the spiral windings, and the absence of a reversed-flow region. The core meandering and stagnation-point darting are quantified and discussed in light of extensive velocity, turbulence, and spectrum measurements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Off Naval Res, Div 334, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Novak, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Off Naval Res, Div 334, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 825 EP 834 DI 10.2514/2.1036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 311UD UT WOS:000086903300010 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ Larkins-Pettigrew, M AF Viera, AJ Larkins-Pettigrew, M TI Practical use of the pessary SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID URINARY-INCONTINENCE; WOMEN; EXERCISE AB The pessary is an effective tool in the management of a number of gynecologic problems. The pessary is most commonly used in the management of pelvic support defects such as cystocele and rectocele. Pessaries can also be used in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The wide variety of pessary styles may cause confusion for physicians during the initial selection of the pessary. However, an understanding of the different styles and their uses will enable physicians to make an appropriate choice. Complications can be minimized with simple vaginal hygiene and regular follow-up visits. C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), 22 Golden Shower Ln, Dededo, GU 96912 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 9 BP 2719 EP 2726 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314TF UT WOS:000087073100016 PM 10821152 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Erickson, JB AF Stephens, MB Erickson, JB TI Postpartum axillary masses SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID BREAST-TISSUE C1 USN, Med Ctr, Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 9 BP 2799 EP 2800 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314TF UT WOS:000087073100023 PM 10821159 ER PT J AU Jagoe, J Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC AF Jagoe, J Magann, EF Chauhan, SP Morrison, JC TI The effects of physical abuse on pregnancy outcomes in a low-risk obstetric population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE physical abuse; pregnancy complication ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; WOMEN; VIOLENCE; CARE AB OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of physical abuse on pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective investigation identified all women seen in the outpatient obstetric clinic with a history of physical abuse and matched each with the next 2 women seen without a history of physical abuse (case/control ratio, 1:2). RESULTS: Twenty-eight abused women were matched with 56 control subjects. The frequencies of preterm birth, mode of delivery, Apgar scores less than or equal to 7 at 5 minutes, umbilical artery pH <7.10 at birth, and unhappy or ambivalent feelings about the pregnancy were not statistically different between the 2 groups. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was more common among infants of the abused women (n = 4 [14.2%] vs n = 2 [3.6%]), despite heavier birth weights in the abused group (3501 +/- 581 g vs 3200 rt 549 g; P = .023), but this trend did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: A history of physical abuse did not result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, although neonatal intensive care unit admission was more likely. C1 USN, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Spartanburg Reg Healthcare Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Spartanburg, SC USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Jagoe, J (reprint author), USN, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 182 IS 5 BP 1067 EP 1069 DI 10.1067/mob.2000.105436 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 318BV UT WOS:000087264800025 PM 10819829 ER PT J AU Clinch, TJ Kostick, DA Menke, DM AF Clinch, TJ Kostick, DA Menke, DM TI Tarsal fibroma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB PURPOSE: To report a case of an isolated tarsal fibroma. METHODS: Case report. Excisional biopsy and histopathological evaluation were performed on a solid lesion originating from the tarsal conjunctival surface of an upper eyelid. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation, including positive trichrome stains, was consistent with fibroma of the left upper tarsus, No recurrence has developed after a follow-up interval of a year. CONCLUSION: Tarsal fibroma is a rare condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tarsal lesions. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Ophthalmol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Pathol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. USN, Kings Bay Submarine Base, Kings Bay, GA USA. RP Kostick, DA (reprint author), Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Ophthalmol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 129 IS 5 BP 691 EP 693 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00367-6 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 318JU UT WOS:000087281200032 PM 10844077 ER PT J AU Murrell, GL Requena, R Wall, MP AF Murrell, GL Requena, R Wall, MP TI Septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Autumn Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Facial-Plastic-and-Reconstructive-Surgery CY SEP 04-05, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg ID NOSE AB Purpose: To introduce a novel surgical technique for treatment of severe anterior septal deviation. Materials and Methods: Retrospective case series set in a tertiary-care hospital. Ten patients were treated over an 18-month period. External septorhinoplasty and septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation. Postoperative clinical nasal examination and photographic comparison. Results: Ten patients were treated with septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation over an 18-month period. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. No postoperative complications were seen. All patients reported a subjective improvement in their nasal airway and nasal appearance. This was confirmed with clinical examination and photographic comparison. Conclusion: Septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation is a viable option for select patients who can not be successfully treated with conventional techniques. (Am J Otolaryngol 2000,21.147-152. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company). C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Murrell, GL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Code 0609, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(00)85016-4 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 315NR UT WOS:000087120300001 PM 10834547 ER PT J AU Schroeder, AA AF Schroeder, AA TI Cricothyroidotomy: When, why, and why not? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGENCY CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY; CRICOTHYROTOMY; TRACHEOTOMY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Schroeder, AA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(00)85024-3 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 315NR UT WOS:000087120300009 PM 10834555 ER PT J AU Schroeder, AA Kuhn, J AF Schroeder, AA Kuhn, J TI Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Kuhn, J (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-9763 J9 AM J OTOL JI Am. J. Otol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 433 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(00)80056-3 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 311UL UT WOS:000086904000026 PM 10821560 ER PT J AU Hyer, RN Howell, MR Ryan, MAK Gaydos, JC AF Hyer, RN Howell, MR Ryan, MAK Gaydos, JC TI Cost-effectiveness analysis of reacquiring and using adenovirus types 4 and 7 vaccines in naval recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; MILITARY TRAINEES; PCR; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK AB Adenovirus vaccines have controlled acute respiratory disease (ARD) in military recruits since 1971. Vaccine production, however, ceased and new facilities are required. We assessed whether reacquiring and using vaccines in naval recruits is cost-effective. Three policy options were evaluated: no vaccination, seasonal vaccination, and year-round vaccination. Morbidity (outpatient and inpatient), illness costs (medical and lost training), and vaccine program costs (start-up, acquisition, and distribution) were modeled using a decision-analytic method. Results were based on a cohort of 49,079 annual trainees, a winter vaccine-preventable ARD rate of 2.6 cases per 100 person-weeks, a summer incidence rate at 10% of the winter rate, a hospitalization rate of 7.6%, and a production facility costing US$12 million. Compared to no vaccination, seasonal vaccination prevented 4,015 cases and saved $2.8 million per year. Year-round vaccination prevented 4,555 cases and saved $2.6 million. Reacquiring and using adenovirus vaccines seasonally or year-round saves money and averts suffering. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gaydos, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 412HP UT WOS:000167549200013 PM 11289673 ER PT J AU Armistead, JP Houser, EJ Keller, TM AF Armistead, JP Houser, EJ Keller, TM TI Diacetylene-siloxane-carborane thermosets and ceramic precursors SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE siloxane; carborane; high-performance thermoset; thermo-oxidative stability; organic/inorganic hybrid polymer ID POLYMERS; PYROLYSIS AB Thermosets and ceramic chars were prepared and characterized from a diacetylene-siloxane-carborane polymer, DSCS, and a diacetylene-siloxane polymer, DS, The goal was to incorporate the known thermo-oxidative stability found in the siloxane-carborane elastomers into highperformance thermosets and ceramic chars, The DSCS thermoset had excellent thermo-oxidative stability as determined by a low weight loss and tough residue after annealing for 100 h in air at 300 degrees C, but it had a low glass transition temperature (94 degrees C). The DS thermoset did not undergo a glass transition below 350 degrees C and had a low weight loss on thermo-oxidative aging, but the residue was quite brittle, Two random copolymers were made to optimize the thermooxidative stability and toughness of the DSCS thermoset and the higher glass transition of the DS thermoset, Significantly, the 50:50 DSCS/DS random copolymer when cured to a thermoset did not undergo a glass transition below 350 degrees C, yet retained much of the strength, toughness and thermo-oxidative stability of the DSCS thermoset. Heat treatment of the poly-DSCS to elevated temperatures resulted in a ceramic material with improved properties relative to the ceramic derived from poly-DS, Both polymers had similar char yields to 800 degrees C, but the poly-DSCS solidified to a 15% denser ceramic. Copyright (C) 2000 John WiIey & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Armistead, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6126,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(200005)14:5<253::AID-AOC987>3.3.CO;2-D PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 318XX UT WOS:000087310900004 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Jackson, EM Seabaugh, AC van der Wagt, P AF Weaver, BD Jackson, EM Seabaugh, AC van der Wagt, P TI MeV ion-induced suppression of resonance current in InP-based resonant tunneling diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present the results of an experiment on 12.5 MeV Si4+ ion-irradiated InP-based resonant tunneling diodes. Radiation damage suppresses the entire resonance in direct proportion to the ion fluence. The suppression is not caused by a change in the tunneling barrier heights or widths, as previously thought; nor is it caused by radiation-induced increases in the leakage current. In fact, none of the internal parameters such as the Fermi energy and the resonant energy of the quantum well are expected to be greatly altered by the irradiation. We propose that radiation-induced disorder decreases the resonance current by scattering carriers out of the reduced-dimensional region of k space in which tunneling is allowed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01918-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20875 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Appl Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 18 BP 2562 EP 2564 DI 10.1063/1.126408 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 307PY UT WOS:000086662900026 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Bussmann, K Idzerda, YU AF Freeland, JW Bussmann, K Idzerda, YU TI Connecting disorder and magnetic properties in CoFe thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; SCATTERING; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS; ROUGHNESS AB Through a direct study of the chemical and magnetic interfacial disorder in conjunction with magnetic property measurements, evidence is presented that the grain size is the ultimate factor in determining the magnetic coercivity in CoFe thin film structures. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02818-7]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Sci Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 18 BP 2603 EP 2605 DI 10.1063/1.126422 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 307PY UT WOS:000086662900040 ER PT J AU ten Brummelaar, T Mason, BD McAlister, HA Roberts, LC Turner, NH Hartkopf, WI Bagnuolo, WG AF ten Brummelaar, T Mason, BD McAlister, HA Roberts, LC Turner, NH Hartkopf, WI Bagnuolo, WG TI Binary star differential photometry using the adaptive optics system at Mount Wilson Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; instrumentation : adaptive optics techniques : photometric ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; VISUAL SYSTEMS; CATALOG AB We present photometric and astrometric results for 36 binary systems observed with the natural guide star adaptive optics system of the Mount Wilson Institute on the 100 inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope. The measurements consist of differential photometry in U, B, V, R, and I filters along with astrometry of the relative positions of system components. Magnitude differences were combined with absolute photometry found in the literature of the combined light for systems to obtain apparent magnitudes for the individual components at standard bandpasses, which in turn led to color determinations and spectral types. The combination of these results with Hipparcos parallax measurements yielded absolute magnitudes and allowed us to plot the components on an H-R diagram. To further examine the reliability and self-consistency of these data, we also estimated system masses from the spectral types. C1 Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP ten Brummelaar, T (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. OI Roberts, Lewis/0000-0003-3892-2900 NR 54 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2403 EP 2414 DI 10.1086/301338 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 318YB UT WOS:000087311300033 ER PT J AU Hog, E Fabricius, C Makarov, VV Bastian, U Schwekendiek, P Wicenec, A Urban, S Corbin, T Wycoff, G AF Hog, E Fabricius, C Makarov, VV Bastian, U Schwekendiek, P Wicenec, A Urban, S Corbin, T Wycoff, G TI Construction and verification of the Tycho-2 Catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; techniques : photometric; catalogs; methods : data analysis ID ASTROGRAPHIC-CATALOG; HIPPARCOS SYSTEM; STARS AB The construction of the Tycho-2 Catalogue is described. The catalogue contains astrometric positions and proper motions as well as two-colour photometric data for 2.5 million stars. The Tycho-2 positions and magnitudes are based on precisely the same observations as the original Tycho Catalogue (hereafter Tycho-1) collected by the sky mapper of the ESA Hipparcos satellite, but Tycho-2 is much bigger and slightly more precise, owing to a more advanced reduction technique. Components of double stars with separations down to 0.8 arcsec are included. Proper motions precise to about 2.5 mas/yr are given as derived from a comparison with the Astrographic Catalogue and 143 other astrometric catalogues, all reduced to the Hipparcos celestial coordinate system. Tycho-2 supersedes in most applications Tycho-1, and the ACT and TRC catalogues based on Tycho-1. C1 Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. Astron Rech Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hog, E (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. EM erik@astro.ku.dk OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 33 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 357 IS 1 BP 367 EP 386 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321GD UT WOS:000087447000050 ER PT J AU Valinia, A Kinzer, RL Marshall, FE AF Valinia, A Kinzer, RL Marshall, FE TI Measurement of the galactic X-ray/gamma-ray background radiation: Contribution of discrete sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; Galaxy : general; gamma rays : observations; ISM : structure; X-rays : ISM ID EMISSION; PLANE; COMPONENT; CONTINUUM; RIDGE AB The Galactic background radiation near the Scutum arm was observed simultaneously with RXTE and OSSE in order to determine the spectral shape and the origin of the emission in the hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray band. The spectrum in the 3 keV to 1 MeV band is well modeled by four components: a high-energy continuum dominating above 500 keV that can be characterized by a power law of photon index similar to 1.6 (an extrapolation from measurements above similar to 1 MeV), a positron annihilation line at 511 keV and positronium continuum, a variable hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray component that dominates between 10 and 200 keV (with a minimum detected flux of similar to 7.7 x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1) deg(-2) at 100 keV averaged over the field of view of OSSE) and that is well modeled by an exponentially cutoff power law of photon index similar to 0.6 and energy cutoff at similar to 41 keV, and finally a thermal plasma model of solar abundances and temperature similar to 2.6 keV that dominates below 10 keV. We estimate that the contribution of bright discrete sources to the minimum flux detected by OSSE was similar to 46% at 60 keV and similar to 20% at 100 keV. The remaining unresolved emission may be interpreted either as truly diffuse emission with a hard spectrum (such as that from inverse Compton scattering) or the superposition of discrete sources that have very hard spectra. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Valinia, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 534 IS 1 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1086/308755 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 316TC UT WOS:000087183300026 ER PT J AU Vourlidas, A Subramanian, P Dere, KP Howard, RA AF Vourlidas, A Subramanian, P Dere, KP Howard, RA TI Large-angle spectrometric coronagraph measurements of the energetics of coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; FLUX ROPE; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; STREAMER; FIELDS; MODEL; CME; EIT AB We examine the energetics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with data from the large-angle spectrometric coronagraphs (LASCO) on SOHO. The LASCO observations provide fairly direct measurements of the mass, velocity, and dimensions of CMEs. Using these basic measurements, we determine the potential and kinetic energies and their evolution for several CMEs that exhibit Bur-rope morphologies. Assuming flux conservation, we use observations of the magnetic flux in a variety of magnetic clouds near the Earth to determine the magnetic flux and magnetic energy in CMEs near the Sun. We find that the potential and kinetic energies increase at the expense of the magnetic energy as the CME moves out, keeping the total energy roughly constant. This demonstrates that Bur-rope CMEs are magnetically driven. Furthermore, since their total energy is constant, the Bur-rope parts of the CMEs can be considered a closed system above similar to 2 R-.. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 37 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 534 IS 1 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.1086/308747 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 316TC UT WOS:000087183300042 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Charlot, P AF Fey, AL Charlot, P TI VLBA observations of radio reference frame sources. III. Astrometric suitability of an additional 225 sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astrometry; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY AB We present simultaneous dual-frequency Very Long Baseline Array 2 and 8 GHz observations of 225 of the 560 extragalactic sources for which positions were reported by Johnston and coworkers and which are now part of the International Celestial Reference Frame. These observations represent the third and final in a series of observations intended to obtain single-epoch images of the entire set of sources presented by Johnston and coworkers and, together with previously reported observations, bring the total number of sources observed to 389. As with previous papers in this series, we use these data to quantify the magnitude of the expected effect of intrinsic source structure on astrometric bandwidth synthesis Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations and to calculate a source "structure index" for the observed sources. The structure index can be used as an estimate of the astrometric quality of the sources. Based on this indicator, correlations between the observed radio structure and the astrometric position accuracy and stability of the sources have been found. These correlations indicate that the more extended sources have larger position uncertainties and are less positionally stable than the more compact sources. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM afey@usno.navy.mil; charlot@observ.u-bordeaux.fr NR 15 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 1 BP 17 EP 83 DI 10.1086/313382 PG 67 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 344FV UT WOS:000088749300002 ER PT J AU Stilwell, DJ Rugh, WJ AF Stilwell, DJ Rugh, WJ TI Stability preserving interpolation methods for the synthesis of gain scheduled controllers SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE nonlinear control; gain scheduling; linear parameter-varying systems; stability; controller implementation ID PARAMETER-VARYING SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Synthesis of gain scheduled controllers for nonlinear plants often requires that a parameter-varying controller be generated from a finite set of linear time-invariant controllers. We propose interpolation methods for this task with the property that stability of the linearized closed-loop system is preserved for all values of the scheduling parameter. In addition, slow-variation arguments are presented that establish local stability of the nonlinear closed-loop system with gain scheduled controller. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM stilwell@nadn.navy.mil NR 18 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 EI 1873-2836 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD MAY PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1016/S0005-1098(99)00193-4 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 300MQ UT WOS:000086257100003 ER PT J AU Muth, ER Raj, AK Rupert, AH Lee, R AF Muth, ER Raj, AK Rupert, AH Lee, R TI The experience of nausea during sustained hypergravity flight with negligible angular velocity SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE nausea; vomiting; hyper-gravity; electrogastrogram; gastric myoelectrical activity ID SPACE MOTION SICKNESS; TACHYGASTRIA AB Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate nausea and vomiting during hyper-gravity flight at a slow rate of turn. During head-movements under these conditions, the semi-circular canals of the vestibular system function normally whereas the otoliths experience a G-excess effect, displacing further and moving faster than in a 1 G field. Hypothesis: Nausea and vomiting are greater during hyper-gravity flight compared with historical data collected in a 1 G field at a similar rate of turn. Methods: There were 27 subjects who were exposed to 1.8 G (hyper-G) during a slow rate turn on three NASA KC-135 flights. Subjects participated in one of th tee experimental periods, each period consisting of two 5.5-min hyper-G runs: 1) test with only incidental head movements; 2) active roll and pitch head movements; or 3) passive roil head movements. Subjective symptom data were collected pre-flight, following each experimental period and post-flight using a standardized nausea questionnaire. Electrogastrograms were obtained from eight subjects. Results: Seven subjects (26%) vomited during the flight. Nausea initially increased but was then stable throughout the flight. Nausea appeared highest during active head movements. in subjects who vomited, greater gastrointestinal distress and somatic distress were reported. Conclusions: The levels of nausea and vomiting observed during hyper-G cannot be explained by Coriolis cross coupling and are likely due to the G-excess effect on the otoliths. The nausea profiles observed in individuals who vomit during hyper-G appear similar to those previously observed during nausea produced by an optokinetic drum stimulus in a 1-G field. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM emuth@namrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 522 EP 530 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 308WK UT WOS:000086735700010 PM 10801007 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH Yeager, JK AF Brook, I Frazier, EH Yeager, JK TI Microbiology of infected poison ivy dermatitis SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic bacteria; beta-lactamase; infection; poison ivy; Staphylococcus aureus ID CHILDREN; ABSCESSES; BACTERIA AB We report the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of secondarily infected poison ivy dermatitis, The study involved retrospective review of clinical and microbiology laboratory records of patients with secondarily infected poison ivy lesions, Bacterial growth was noted in 33 specimens. Aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria only were present in 18 (55%) patients, anaerobic bacteria only in seven (21%), and mixed anaerobic-aerobic bacteria in eight (24%). Forty-five isolates were recovered (1.4 per specimen): 27 aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria, and 18 strict anaerobes. The predominant aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (13 isolates) and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (six). The predominant anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus spp, (seven isolates), pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. (four) and Fusobacterium spp. (two). Single bacterial isolates were recovered in 18 (55%) patients, eight of which were S, aureus. Nineteen of the organisms isolated from 16 (48%) patients produced the enzyme beta-lactamase. Organisms that resided in the mucous membranes close to the lesions predominated in those infections. Enteric Gram-negative rods and Bacteroides fragilis group predominated in leg and buttock lesions. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium spp, were most frequently recovered from lesions of the finger, face and neck, The polymicrobial aetiology of secondarily infected poison ivy lesions, and the association of bacterial flora with the anatomical site of the lesions, are demonstrated. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Paediat, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), POB 70212, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 142 IS 5 BP 943 EP 946 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03475.x PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 317PH UT WOS:000087235100015 PM 10809852 ER PT J AU Zegers, EJP Williams, BA Fisher, EM Fleming, JW Sheinson, RS AF Zegers, EJP Williams, BA Fisher, EM Fleming, JW Sheinson, RS TI Suppression of nonpremixed flames by fluorinated ethanes and propanes SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID COUNTERFLOW DIFFUSION FLAMES; STRAIN-INDUCED EXTINCTION; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; FIRE SUPPRESSANTS; INHIBITION AB Suppression of methane/air and propane/air nonpremixed counterflow flames, and n-heptane and methanol cup burner flames by fluorinated hydrocarbons was investigated. Four fluorinated ethanes, 10 fluorinated propanes, four bromine- or iodine-containing halons, and the inert agents CF4, SF6, and N-2 were tested in some or all of the flames. Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) determinations of peak velocity gradients in the oxidizer flow of the counterflow flames were found to be linearly correlated with the expression for global strain rate derived for plug flow boundary conditions. This correlation was used to estimate strain rate values at extinction. The bromine- or iodine-containing agents are more effective on a molar basis than the fluorinated propanes, followed by the fluorinated ethanes, and finally SF6, CF4, and N-2. Agent effectiveness increases with the number of CF3 groups present in the agent molecular structure. Numerical investigations of the flame speed reduction of methane/air mixtures doped with either CHF2CHF2 or CF3CH2F predict that the latter is the better agent, in accord with experimental observations. Chemical contributions to suppression account for less than 35% of the total suppression offered by fluorinated hydrocarbons not containing bromine or iodine. At strain rates below 100 s(-1), suppression effectiveness rankings in methane and propane counterflow flames are similar to those obtained in n-heptane and methanol cup burner flames. Methanol Barnes are more difficult to extinguish than the alkane flames investigated, particularly with the chemical agent CF3Br. (C) 2000 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Combust Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Combust Dynam Sect, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2000 VL 121 IS 3 BP 471 EP 487 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00162-5 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 296XD UT WOS:000086051300006 ER PT J AU Childs, T Brutzman, D AF Childs, T Brutzman, D TI Web3D RoundUP: Looking backwards and forwards SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS-US LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Web3D RoundUp RoundUP Prod, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Childs, T (reprint author), Web3D RoundUp RoundUP Prod, 391 Jersey, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0097-8930 J9 COMPUT GRAPHICS-US JI Comput. Graph.-US PD MAY PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 338UR UT WOS:000088442100012 ER PT J AU Brutzman, D AF Brutzman, D TI Virtual Kelp Forest Exhibit SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS-US LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brutzman, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0097-8930 J9 COMPUT GRAPHICS-US JI Comput. Graph.-US PD MAY PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 48 EP 49 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 338UR UT WOS:000088442100021 ER PT J AU Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Rosenblum, LJ Kuo, EY AF Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Rosenblum, LJ Kuo, EY TI Rapid prototyping of virtual environments SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Autometric, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Code 5594,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1109/5992.841798 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 307BA UT WOS:000086632500015 ER PT J AU Hardaway, CA Eichenfield, LF AF Hardaway, CA Eichenfield, LF TI Neonatal dermatology SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN DERMATOLOGY-US LA English DT Review ID PREMATURE-INFANTS; BARRIER FUNCTION; SKIN; ANETODERMA; OINTMENT; IODINE C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Hardaway, CA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1040-0486 J9 CURR PROBL DERM-US JI Curr. Probl. Dermatol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 115 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S1040-0486(00)90032-2 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 315VM UT WOS:000087133700004 ER PT J AU Siegel, FR Galasso, JL Kravitz, JH Basinger, WD AF Siegel, FR Galasso, JL Kravitz, JH Basinger, WD TI The Svalbard western coast: site of baseline geochemistry and incipient contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; Arctic; Isfjorden; sediment; pollution ID HEAVY-METALS; SEA AB Potentially toxic metals tracked by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program were analysed in sediments from the Svalbard western coastal zone. These include As and Hg found as contaminants in other Arctic seas as well as other elements (e.g. Pb, V, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni). Svalbard shelf sediments contain average values of 12 ppm As, 12 ppm Pb, 56 ppb Hg and 114 ppm V. These values increase in Isfjorden sediments to 15 ppm As, 28 ppm Pb, 99 ppb Hg and 210 ppm V. Cluster analysis yields a major cluster that is likely related to clay minerals (Al, K, Ti, Mg) and sorption onto them of transition (Cu, V, Cr, Sc) and other elements (Pb, Rb). A second significant cluster includes Ca, Sr and plagioclase. The Svalbard western shelf is a natural geochemical environment. The possible incipient contamination of fjord sediments by As, Pb, Hg and V should be evaluated for possible links to anthropogenic sources. If links are found, remediation must be used to stop the input and preserve a pristine Svalbard fjord environment. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Siegel, FR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 7 BP 816 EP 822 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 323BY UT WOS:000087546000014 ER PT J AU Wu, LX Liu, ZY Hurlburt, HE AF Wu, LX Liu, ZY Hurlburt, HE TI Kelvin wave and Rossby wave interaction in the extratropical-tropical Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND STRESS; OCEAN; CIRCULATIONS; MODEL; ENSO AB The adjustment of the equatorial Pacific thermocline to an initial extratropical thermocline anomaly is studied using analytical and high-resolution(1/16 degrees) primitive equation numerical models. It is found that the fast adjustment due to the coastal Kelvin wave and equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves, and the slow adjustment due to the eastern boundary planetary wave play important roles in the redistribution of the initial anomalous mass, thereby determining the phase and magnitude of the equatorial thermocline transition induced by the initial extratropical thermocline transition. For a given extratropical anomaly, both analytical and numerical models show that the equatorial thermocline transition occurs about 2-5 years later, and the magnitude is about 5 - 10% of the initial anomaly. The mean circulation in the North Pacific intensifies the transition of the equatorial thermocline and reduces the phase-lag of extratropical-tropical thermocline transition. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wu, LX (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 125 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1262 DI 10.1029/1999GL002368 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309BX UT WOS:000086748600006 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Alfred, J Hoppel, K Hornstein, J Bevilacqua, R Shettle, E Servranckx, R Li, ZQ Stocks, B AF Fromm, M Alfred, J Hoppel, K Hornstein, J Bevilacqua, R Shettle, E Servranckx, R Li, ZQ Stocks, B TI Observations of boreal forest fire smoke in the stratosphere by POAM III, SAGE II, and lidar in 1998 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOMS AB A substantial increase in stratospheric aerosol was recorded between May and October 1998 between 55 degrees and 70 degrees N. This phenomenon was recorded in the absence of reported volcanic eruptions with stratospheric impact potential. The FOAM III and SAGE II instruments made numerous measurements of layers of enhanced aerosol extinction substantially higher than typical values 3 to 5 km above the tropopause. A comparison of these observations with lidar profiles, TOMS aerosol index data, and forest fire statistics reveals a strong link between stratospheric aerosol and forest fire smoke. Our analysis strongly suggests that smoke from boreal forest fires was lofted across the tropopause in substantial amounts in several episodes occurring in Canada and eastern Russia. Observations reveal a broad zonal increase in stratospheric aerosol that persisted for at least three months. C1 CPI, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Canadian Forestry Serv, Sault St Marie, ON, Canada. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), CPI, 2750 Prosper Ave,Suite 600, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 14 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1407 EP 1410 DI 10.1029/1999GL011200 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309BX UT WOS:000086748600043 ER PT J AU Pflug, LA AF Pflug, LA TI Principal domains of the trispectrum, signal bandwidth, and implications for deconvolution SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATIONS; DETERMINISTIC TRANSIENTS; SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS; SPECTRA AB Fourth-order statistics can be useful in many signal processing applications, offering advantages over or supplementing second-order statistical techniques. One reason is that fourth-order statistics can discriminate between non-Gaussian signals and Gaussian noise. Another is that fourth-order statistics contain phase information, whereas second-order statistics do not. In the continuing development of the mathematical properties of fourth-order statistics, several researchers have derived existence conditions and definitions for the unaliased and aliased principal domains of the discrete trispectrum, which is significantly more complex than the power or energy spectrum. The consistencies and inconsistencies of these results are presented and resolved in this paper. The most flexible definitions give four individual principal domains for the discrete trispectrum: two unaliased and two aliased. The most useful combinations are those that combine the two unaliased domains together and the two aliased domains together, which can be done easily from the four individual domains. The relationship between the individual trispectral domains and signal bandwidth is important when using the fourth-order statistic for applications because they have particular properties that can be detrimental to some deconvolution algorithms. The reasons for this, as well as the validity of proposed solutions to this problem, are explained by the trispectral structure and its origins. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pflug, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 958 EP 969 DI 10.1190/1.1444792 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 325BJ UT WOS:000087656200024 ER PT J AU Ferrante, RF Moore, MH Nuth, JA Smith, T AF Ferrante, RF Moore, MH Nuth, JA Smith, T TI Laboratory studies of catalysis of CO to organics on grain analogs SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric composition; atmospheric evolution; organic chemistry; prebiotic chemistry; solar nebula ID HYDROCARBONS; SMOKES AB Experiments simulating heterogeneous conversion of H-2 and CO into simple hydrocarbons in astrophysical environments have been performed, utilizing realistic cosmic grain analogs of Fe-doped silicates as Fischer-Tropsch-Type catalysts. Catalysis was studied for temperatures from 470-670 K and reactant gas mixtures of H-2/CO with a ratio of 2-100. The total gas pressure was near 0.5 bar. Maximum conversion rates of a few percentage points were achieved over a 3-h time period. Major products were methane, ethane, ethylene, carbon dioxide, and water. Products were identified by IR. spectroscopy. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ferrante, RF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Nuth, Joseph/E-7085-2012 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2000 VL 145 IS 1 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6350 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309ZX UT WOS:000086801000025 ER PT J AU Banner, JA Barnes, JA Winchester, CS AF Banner, JA Barnes, JA Winchester, CS TI Continuing challenges in lithium battery development SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In these days of emphasizing standardization, Acquisition Reform, Non-Developed Items (NDI) and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technologies, we are facing new challenges associated with these trends. Program managers are pressured to use a standard or COTS battery, while simultaneously, the new systems being developed have increasingly complex and demanding power requirements. Hardware must be developed with shorter schedules, and policies of Acquisition Reform limit the amount of control the government has over the development of a given item. In this paper, we review battery development efforts that have resulted in unexpected problems. Relevant data from both current and past test programs are presented. Recommendations are provided concerning how to best avoid duplication of effort, while ensuring that the final product will have the best chances of succeeding. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD USA. RP Banner, JA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 20302 Gardenspot Pl, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 15 IS 5 BP 31 EP 33 DI 10.1109/62.843113 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 315EY UT WOS:000087100700010 ER PT J AU Barker, NS Rebeiz, GM AF Barker, NS Rebeiz, GM TI Distributed MEMS transmission-line BPSK modulator SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE micromechanical devices; millimeter-wave phase shifters; modulators; phase shift keying AB The application of a distributed microelectromechanical system (MEMS) transmission line as a binary phase shift keying modulator is presented. This modulator has the advantages of low loss and low required drive power compared to a typical semiconductor-based phase modulator, However, the modulation rate Is limited by the mechanical resonant frequency of the MEMS bridges. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Barker, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8207 J9 IEEE MICROW GUIDED W JI IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 10 IS 5 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1109/75.850376 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 334WP UT WOS:000088208900012 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI Optical-pumping injection cavity (OPIC) Mid-IR "W" lasers with high efficiency and low loss SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cavity resonators; optical pumping; semiconductor epitaxial; semiconductor lasers ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M AB We report an edge-emitting mid-infrared (IR) (lambda = 3.3-3.7 mu m) "W" laser incorporating an optical-pumping injection cavity (OPIC), The active region of the W-OPIC is sandwiched between two Bragg mirrors that significantly enhance the pump-beam absorptance at lambda(pump) = 2.098 mu m. Pulsed experiments demonstrate that besides suppressing the threshold pump intensity, this design enhances the differential power conversion efficiency (e.g., 7.1% per uncoated facet at 220 K) and lowers the internal loss (e.g., 20 cm(-1) at 240 K) compared with all previous optically pumped mid-IR lasers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 12 IS 5 BP 477 EP 479 DI 10.1109/68.841258 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 313HK UT WOS:000086994100007 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Styer, D Akin, IA AF Pace, PE Styer, D Akin, IA TI A folding ADC preprocessing architecture employing a robust symmetrical number system with gray-code properties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE folding ADC's; gray-code properties; symmetrical number systems ID INTERPOLATING ADC; ANALOG AB A folding analog-to-digital converter(ADC) preprocessing architecture based on a new robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is presented. The RSNS preprocessing architecture is a modular scheme in which the integer values within each modulus; (comparator states), when considered together, change one nt a time at the neat position (gray-code properties). Although the observed dynamic range of the RSNS ADC is less than the optimum symmetrical number system ADC, the RSNS gray-code properties make it particularly attractive for error control. With the RSNS preprocessing, the encoding errors due to comparator thresholds not being crossed simultaneously are eliminated. As a result, the interpolation circuits can be removed and only a small number of comparators are required. Computer generated data is used to help determine the properties of the RSNS. These properties include the dynamic range (largest number of distinct consecutive vectors) and the location of the dynamic range within the number system. Closed-form expressions for the dynamic range are also presented for channel moduli of the form m(1) = 2(k) - 1, m(2) = 2(k), m(3) = 2(k) + 1. RSNS ADC circuit design principles are presented. To compare the advantages of the RSNS ADC with previously published results, the transfer function of a 3-channel architecture (k = 2) is evaluated numerically using SPICE. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7130 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Analog Digit. Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5 BP 462 EP 467 DI 10.1109/82.842114 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 315TJ UT WOS:000087128800009 ER PT J AU Hazel, GG AF Hazel, GG TI Multivariate Gaussian MRF for multispectral scene segmentation and anomaly detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE automatic target detection; image segmentation; Markov random fields; multispectral imagery ID RANDOM-FIELD MODELS; TEXTURE SEGMENTATION; IMAGERY AB Gaussian Markov random field texture models and multivariate parametric clustering algorithms have been applied extensively for segmentation, restoration, and anomaly detection of single-band and multispectral imagery, respectively, The present work extends and combines these previous efforts to demonstrate joint spatial-spectral modeling of multispectral imagery, A multivariate (vector observations) GMRF texture model is employed, Algorithms for parameter estimation and image segmentation are discussed, and a new anomaly detection technique is developed. The model is applied to imagery from the Daedalus sensor, Image segmentation results from test images are discussed and compared to spectral clustering results. The test images are collages, with known texture boundaries constructed from larger data cubes. Anomaly detection results for two Daedalus images are also presented, assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) performance curves, and compared to spectral clustering models. It is demonstrated that even the simplest first-order isotropic texture models provide significant improvement in image segmentation and anomaly detection over pure spectral clustering for the data sets examined, The sensitivity of anomaly detection performance to the choice of parameter estimation method and to the number of texture segments is examined for one example data set. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazel, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1199 EP 1211 DI 10.1109/36.843012 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 320EM UT WOS:000087388900006 ER PT J AU Krahenbuhl, R Burns, WK AF Krahenbuhl, R Burns, WK TI Modeling of broad-band traveling-wave optical-intensity modulators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE intensity modulator; optical communication; simulation tool; traveling-wave devices AB In this paper an accurate simulation tool for the electrical and optical response of broad-band traveling-wave optical intensity modulators is presented, which takes into account multisectional electrical transmission lines. This model is applied to analyze a high-speed fully packaged LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder interferometer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 860 EP 864 DI 10.1109/22.841886 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 314AA UT WOS:000087030900016 ER PT J AU Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Yao, D Huang, Q Dobeck, GJ AF Azimi-Sadjadi, MR Yao, D Huang, Q Dobeck, GJ TI Underwater target classification using wavelet packets and neural networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE feature extraction; linear predictive coding; neural network; underwater target classification; wavelet packets ID ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; ESTIMATION SCHEMES; RECEIVER AB In this paper, a new subband-based classification scheme is developed for classifying underwater mines and mine-like targets From the acoustic backscattered signals. The system consists of a feature extractor using wavelet packets in conjunction with linear predictive coding (LPC), a feature selection scheme, and a backpropagation neural-network classifier, The data set used for this study consists of the backscattered signals from six different objects: two mine-like targets and four nontargets for several aspect angles. Simulation results on ten different noisy realizations and for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 12 dB are presented. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the classifier generated based on these results demonstrated excellent classification performance of the system, The generalization ability of the trained network was demonstrated by computing the error and classification rate statistics on a large data set, A multiaspect fusion scheme was also adopted in order to further improve the classification performance. C1 Colorado State Univ, Signal Image Proc Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NSWC, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Azimi-Sadjadi, MR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Signal Image Proc Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 784 EP 794 DI 10.1109/72.846748 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 326JM UT WOS:000087732100022 PM 18249804 ER PT J AU Groutage, D Bennink, D AF Groutage, D Bennink, D TI Feature sets for nonstationary signals derived from moments of the singular value decomposition of Cohen-Posch (positive time-frequency) distributions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE feature extraction; time-frequency distributions AB This correspondence presents a new method for determining the principal features of a nonstationary time series process based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the Cohen-Posch positive time-frequency distribution. This new method uses density functions derived from the SVD singular vectors to generate moments that are associated with the principal features of the nonstationary process. Since the SVD singular vectors are orthonormal, the vectors whose elements are composed of the squared elements of the SVD vectors are discrete density functions. Moments generated from these density functions are the principal features of the nonstationary time series process. The main reason for determining features of a time series process is to characterize it by a few simple descriptors. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Puget Sound Detachment, Bremerton, WA 98314 USA. ManTech Adv Syst Int, Bremerton, WA 98337 USA. RP Groutage, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Puget Sound Detachment, Bremerton, WA 98314 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1503 DI 10.1109/78.840002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 313HP UT WOS:000086994500033 ER PT J AU Chen, MW Inoue, A Zhang, T Sakai, A Sakurai, T AF Chen, MW Inoue, A Zhang, T Sakai, A Sakurai, T TI Quasicrystals and nano-quasicrystals in annealed ZrAlNiCuAg metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS) CY JUN 13-18, 1999 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Union Mat Res Soc DE phase transformations; nanocrystals; rapid solidification processing; microstructure; electron microscopy transmission ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; DECOMPOSITION; ALLOY; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Quasicrystals and nano-quasicrystals are observed in annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 and Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu7.5Ag10 metallic glasses. Through systematic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) patterns corresponding to five-, three- and twofold rotational symmetry are obtained, demonstrating that the precipitated phases in the first stage devitrification of the alloys are icosahedral quasicrystalline phases. The discovery of the quasicrystals directly reflects the intrinsic relationship between the Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and the icosahedral structure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Mesoscop Mat Res Ctr, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mwchen@hotmail.com RI Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010; Zhang, Tao/O-4911-2014 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872; NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 5-6 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(99)00144-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 320GQ UT WOS:000087393800007 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM AF Bollt, EM TI Controlling chaos and the inverse Frobenius-Perron problem: Global stabilization of arbitrary invariant measures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article ID MAPS; TRANSFORMATIONS; SYSTEMS AB The inverse Frobenius-Perron problem (IFPP) is a global open-loop strategy to control chaos. The goal of our IFPP is to design a dynamical system in R-n which is: (1) nearby the original dynamical system, and (2) has a desired invariant density. We reduce the question of stabilizing an arbitrary invariant measure, to the question of a hyperplane intersecting a unit hyperbox; several controllability theorems follow. We present a generalization of Baker maps with an arbitrary grammar and whose FP operator is the required stochastic matrix. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAY PY 2000 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1050 DI 10.1142/S0218127400000736 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 335GT UT WOS:000088236300008 ER PT J AU Tucker, E AF Tucker, E TI Qaidu and the rise of the independent Mongol state in Central Asia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tucker, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1017/S0020743800002348 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 312QW UT WOS:000086955000009 ER PT J AU Ragain, JC Grosko, ML Raj, M Ryan, TN Johnston, WM AF Ragain, JC Grosko, ML Raj, M Ryan, TN Johnston, WM TI Detail reproduction, contact angles, and die hardness of elastomeric impression and gypsum die material combinations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS LA English DT Article ID IRREVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID IMPRESSIONS; IMPROVED DENTAL STONE; DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY; CASTS; IMMERSION AB Purpose: This study compared surface detail parameters, interfacial contact angles, and die hardness for some combinations of elastomeric impression and die materials. Materials and Methods: Representative polyvinyl siloxanes, polyether, polysulfide, and reversible hydrocolloid impression materials and Type IV, Type V, and resin reinforced-Type IV die materials were evaluated using a factorial design. For the evaluation of surface detail reproduction, the width of the thinnest continuous line observed and the visually observed shape of the thick line were determined from samples formed using a master die conforming to American Dental Association specification 19. The contact angle of freshly mixed die material on the set impression was measured using a contact angle goniometer. Finally, hardness of the die material was determined. After conversion of the data to ranks if necessary, 2-way analysis of variance with Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch (REGWQ) multiple comparison tests where appropriate were used to determine statistical significance. Results: The thinnest continuous line demonstrated statistically significant impression material effects, and the observed shape of the thick line showed both statistically significant impression material and die material effects. For both contact angle and die hardness, a statistically significant interaction between the impression and die materials was found. Conclusion: Although statistically significant differences in each property were found, no specific combination of impression and die materials was identified as superior to another for all surface properties studied. C1 USN, Dent Corps, Great Lakes, IL USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Sect Restorat Dent Prosthodont & Endodont, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ragain, JC (reprint author), USN, Dent Res Inst, 310A,B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RI Johnston, William/E-8458-2012; OI Johnston, William/0000-0002-4977-6569 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 0893-2174 J9 INT J PROSTHODONT JI Int. J. Prosthodont. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 323XG UT WOS:000087589800007 PM 11203635 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP TI The powder processing of lightweight materials SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 52 IS 5 BP 31 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s11837-000-0029-9 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 313XY UT WOS:000087026000007 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Effects of confinement on relaxation in glass-formers: Magnitude, trends and dependence on the Kohlrausch exponent SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dynamics in Confinement CY JAN 26-29, 2000 CL INST LAUE-LANGEVIN, GREOBLE, FRANCE SP Inst Laue Langevin HO INST LAUE-LANGEVIN ID POLYMER-FILMS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SUPERCOOLING LIQUIDS; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; LENGTH SCALE AB We show that the Adam-Gibbs theory cannot by itself explain the reduction of tau(alpha) and T-g when a supercooled liquid is confined in nano-meter pores. However, when combined with the coupling model, the modified theory can explain the finite-size effects of small molecule glass-formers in pores and ultra thin polymer films. The modified theory also predicts two additional behaviors. First, magnitude of the finite-size effect is larger in liquids that have smaller exponent, beta, in the Kohlrausch expression for the structural relaxation of the unconfined liquid at T-g. Second, the dependence of the structural relaxation time of the liquid on T-g/T becomes increasingly weaker with decreasing pore size. These predicted behaviors are found in the experimental data. A previously proposed mechanism for the glass transition reduction in thin freely-standing polymer films [K.L. Ngai et al., J. NonCryst. Solids 235-237, 435 (1998)] is revisited. Recent Monte Carlo simulation results support the mechanism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAY PY 2000 VL 10 IS P7 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1051/jp4:2000704 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 332UV UT WOS:000088092500005 ER PT J AU Tuncer, IH Platzer, MF AF Tuncer, IH Platzer, MF TI Computational study of flapping airfoil aerodynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY; DYNAMIC STALL AB Unsteady, viscous, low-speed flows over a NACA 0012 airfoil oscillated in plunge and/or pitch at various reduced frequency, amplitude, and phase shift are computed. Vortical wake formations, boundary-layer flows at the leading edge, the formation of leading-edge vortices and their downstream convection are presented in terms of unsteady particle traces. Flow separation characteristics and thrust-producing wake profiles are identified. Computed results compare well with water tunnel flow visualization and force data and other computational data. The maximum propulsive efficiency is obtained for cases where the flow remains mostly attached over the airfoil oscillated in a combined pitch and plunge. C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Aeronaut Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aero Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tuncer, IH (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Aeronaut Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.2514/2.2628 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 322FY UT WOS:000087500600022 ER PT J AU Lin-Chung, PJ Yang, MJ AF Lin-Chung, PJ Yang, MJ TI Tight-binding calculations of energy gaps in (001)-(InAs)(n)(InSb)(m) strained superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAYER SUPERLATTICES; BAND OFFSETS; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PARAMETERS; EPITAXY AB Tight-binding calculations of electronic structures for (001)-(InAs)(n)(InSb)(m) strained layer superlattices are presented. The dependences of the superlattice band gap on the band offsets between InAs and InSb are examined for three different types of biaxial strains. It is found that the band gap depends strongly on the band offset, and that for m=1 the ordering lowers the band gap with respect to the random alloy. A comparison with the photoluminescence data for the energy gaps of (nx1) strained-layer superlattices is discussed. In addition, the electronic structures of strained InAs quantum wells are calculated, and interpretations are provided for the observed type-I to type-II band alignment transition at n=5 in a quantum well formed by (nx1) strained layer superlattices and AlSb barriers. Changes of energy gaps with layer thicknesses in strained layer superlattices with n=m and n=8-m are also studied. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08809-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin-Chung, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4319 EP 4323 DI 10.1063/1.373072 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308QJ UT WOS:000086724100043 ER PT J AU Hammar, PR Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Johnson, M AF Hammar, PR Bennett, BR Yang, MJ Johnson, M TI Observation of spin polarized transport across a ferromagnet-two-dimensional electron gas interface (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID QUANTUM-WELLS; INJECTION; SUPPRESSION; GAAS AB Spin injection at a ferromagnet-semiconductor interface has been demonstrated by convolving the spin-split density of states of carriers in a high mobility InAs quantum well with the spin polarization of conduction electrons in a thin ferromagnetic film. Transport measurements on a diode structure detected a spin-dependent interfacial resistance, with Delta R-i/(R) over bar(i)approximate to 1%. In a different configuration, open circuit voltage experiments measure the spin-dependent shifts in the chemical potential of the carriers in the quantum well. Results of the two techniques are compared over the temperature range 50 < T < 296 K, demonstrating both spin injection and detection at the ferromagnet-semiconductor interface. [S0021-8979(00)61408-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hammar, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4665 EP 4669 DI 10.1063/1.373124 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200004 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Lubitz, P AF Cheng, SF Lubitz, P TI Structural and magnetic studies of exchange bias films of Ir(20)Mn(80) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ENHANCED COERCIVITY; THIN-FILMS; IR-MN; BILAYERS; INTERFACES; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPY; LAYERS AB Thin films of IrMn were made by magnetron sputtering, using nominally 20 at. % Ir, and their structural and magnetic properties were evaluated for use as an exchange bias material. The magnetic properties of different combinations of Py and CoFe underlayers were determined by magnetometry and by using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range 4-350 K; x-ray analyses and atomic force microscopy were used to assess the structures. The IrMn films have the AuCu3 structure with strong < 111 > texture. The internal interfaces of the multilayer structures are very smooth. They induce relatively strong exchange bias in Py and CoFe overlayers but can have negligible coercivity. The bias field is strongly dependent on the direction of the moment during cooling, even well below 300 K, and coercivity and FMR linewidth increase with cooling. Isotropic shifts of FMR are small at 300 K but increase rapidly below 150 K. Our data suggest that spin-flop models for exchange bias may not apply to IrMn, and that small spin structures dominate low temperature behavior. [S0021-8979(00)35808-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4927 EP 4929 DI 10.1063/1.373205 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200086 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P AF Lubitz, P TI New substitutions in hexagonal ferrites to reduce anisotropy without using Co SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID MICROWAVE AB Hexagonal ferrites that have a previously unexplored class of substitutions have been made and evaluated by observing their microwave absorption spectra as a function of temperature. The temperature dependences of the uniaxial anisotropy and the magnetic moment were determined. Substitutions were investigated in hexagonal ferrites normally having a small divalent ion in their composition, e.g., Zn-Z(Zn2Ba3Fe24O41), Ni-W, etc. Substitution of a further Zn and Ti for Fe reduced the uniaxial anisotropy field, H-a, of Zn-Z rapidly from similar to 5 kOe to a few kilo-oersteds, while replacing only about one of the 24 Fe atoms in the formula unit. This rapid reduction in anisotropy along with moderate reductions in T-C and moment at 300 K, imply that these substitutions preferentially fill the high anisotropy, up-spin, trigonal bipyramidal sites. The anisotropy field is only weakly temperature dependent near 300 K. This contrasts strongly with the case of Co substitutions often used to obtain H-a in this range. Complications caused by rapid magnetic relaxation and magnetostriction associated with divalent Co are also avoided. [S0021-8979(00)26008-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4978 EP 4980 DI 10.1063/1.373221 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200103 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, M AF Rubinstein, M TI Two-component model of polaronic transport SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID MANGANITES AB A phenomenological two-component polaron model, originally formulated to describe the temperature-dependent transport properties of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3(LCMO), has been applied to treat the resistivity and Hall effect of EuO and ZrTe5. [S0021-8979(00)26208-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rubinstein, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5019 EP 5021 DI 10.1063/1.373234 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200116 ER PT J AU Kodama, RH Edelstein, AS Lubitz, P Sieber, H AF Kodama, RH Edelstein, AS Lubitz, P Sieber, H TI New memory effect in ferro/antiferromagnetic multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID NI81FE19/NIO FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; ANISOTROPY AB Previous magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance measurements showed that when coupling was observed between ferromagnetic layers separated by an antiferromagnetic NiO layer, it was always ferromagnetic. Here we report magnetization measurements that explain this result. We find that the coupling is only strongly ferromagnetic when the sample is cooled with the two ferromagnetic layer magnetizations parallel. Cooling with the magnetizations antiparallel causes the coupling to become nearly zero. Thus, the coupling retains a memory of the relative orientation of the ferromagnetic layer magnetizations during cooling. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)59708-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kodama, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5067 EP 5069 DI 10.1063/1.373250 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200132 ER PT J AU Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA AF Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA TI Magnetic properties of single crystal Co2MnGe Heusler alloy films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; NIMNSB AB Single crystal Co2MnGe Heusler alloy films were epitaxially grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The films have the bulk L2(1) crystal structure as determined by reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns and x-ray diffraction. A high saturation moment of 1006 emu/cm(3) at room temperature has been measured. Ferromagnetic resonance of these ordered alloy films shows narrow linewidths and a small anisotropy. A room temperature resistivity of 115 mu Omega cm and a 0.11% anisotropic magnetoresistance has also been determined. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)65208-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ambrose, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5463 EP 5465 DI 10.1063/1.373373 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200256 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Porezag, DV Kortus, J Khanna, SN AF Pederson, MR Porezag, DV Kortus, J Khanna, SN TI Theoretical calculations of magnetic order and anisotropy energies in molecular magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID QUANTUM; APPROXIMATION; MN-12 AB We present theoretical electronic structure calculations on the nature of electronic states and the magnetic coupling in the Mn12O12 free cluster and the Mn12O12(RCOO)(16)(H2O)(4) molecular magnetic crystal. The calculations have been performed with the all-electron full-potential NRLMOL code. We find that the free Mn12O12 cluster relaxes to an antiferromagnetic cluster with no net moment. However, when coordinated by sixteen HCOO ligands and four H2O groups, as it is in the molecular crystal, we find that the ferrimagnetic ordering and geometrical and magnetic structure observed in the experiments is restored. Local Mn moments for the free and ligandated molecular magnets are presented and compared to experiment. We identify the occupied and unoccupied electronic states that are most responsible for the formation of the large anisotropy barrier and use a recently developed full-space and full-potential method for calculating the spin-orbit coupling interaction and anisotropy energies. Our calculated second-order anisotropy energy is in excellent agreement with experiment. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)65708-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Pederson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5487 EP 5489 DI 10.1063/1.373380 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200263 ER PT J AU Borca, CN Cheng, RH Xu, QL Liou, SH Stadler, S Idzerda, YU Dowben, PA AF Borca, CN Cheng, RH Xu, QL Liou, SH Stadler, S Idzerda, YU Dowben, PA TI Origin of the magnetic moments in La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 epitaxial thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; VALENCE-BAND STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; LA1-XCAXMNO3; PEROVSKITES; LA(0.65)A(0.35)MNO(3); PHOTOEMISSION AB Crystalline films of La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 grown on (100) LaAlO (3) substrates by rf sputtering have been investigated using magnetic circular dichroism and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. We find evidence for strong hybridization between unoccupied levels associated with Mn 3d and O 2p states. The oxygen atoms "pick-up" a small magnetic moment through hybridization with Mn. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)41908-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Borca, CN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5606 EP 5608 DI 10.1063/1.372465 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200302 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE AF Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE TI Temperature and stress dependences of the magnetostriction in ternary and quaternary Terfenol alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID RODS AB The magnetization and magnetostriction of a variety of Laves phase rods of TbxDyyHo1-x-yFe1.95 grown in the form of [112] oriented dendritic platelets were measured as a function of magnetic field H(-2200 < H < 2200 Oe), compressive stress (20, 30, and 40 MPa), and temperature T(-60 < T < 80 degrees C). Compared to Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95), Ho containing alloys can have lower hysteresis with only slightly lower magnetostriction. Sample compositions were chosen both along a line of minimum near room-temperature anisotropy (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95-Tb0.20Dy0.22Ho0.58Fe1.95) and at Ho-0.15 and Ho-0.30 across the line. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)16208-5]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clarke Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 681, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5786 EP 5788 DI 10.1063/1.372522 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200361 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Hathaway, KB AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Hathaway, KB TI Predictions of magnetism in transition metal aluminides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc AB The Stoner Model has been used to investigate the stability of ferromagnetism in FeAl and the analogous series 3d transition metal aluminide compounds. Stoner factors, N(E-F)I, were calculated from augmented plane wave (APW) electronic structure calculations based on local density approximation (LDA), using the Janak formalism. The Stoner criteria [N(E-F)I > 1] predicts ferromagnetism in FeAl for lattice parameters larger than 5.44 a.u., which is less than the experimental lattice constant of 5.50 a.u., but greater than the APW-LDA minimum energy lattice constant. The Stoner factors for ordered transition metal aluminides in the B2 (CsCl) structure agree reasonably well with those calculated using a rigid band approach, starting from FeAl and shifting E-F to simulate the remainder of the series. These Stoner factors predict ferromagnetism for CrAl and MnAl and, assuming the rigid band approximation, for FeAl alloyed with Cr and Mn to the level of Fe0.8Cr0.2Al and Fe0.6Mn0.4Al. [S0021-8979(00)50108-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 5872 EP 5874 DI 10.1063/1.372551 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200390 ER PT J AU Li, SC John, VT O'Connor, C Harris, V Carpenter, E AF Li, SC John, VT O'Connor, C Harris, V Carpenter, E TI Cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles: Structure, cation distributions, and magnetic properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID REVERSE MICELLES; PARTICLES AB Cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized in water-in-oil microemulsions (reversed micelles) with varying cation composition. The microenvironment provides a template effect that controls the size and particle shape. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the particles are nanospheres with particle size ranging from 12 to 18 nm. X-ray diffraction results indicate that at low Co2+:Fe2+ ratio (1:10 and 1:5) in the precursor, the particles retain an essentially ferrite structure (gamma-Fe2O3). However, the cobalt-ferrite phase (CoFe2O4) forms upon further increase of the Co2+ content. The materials are found to exhibit superparamagnetism. The blocking temperatures and coercivities are dependent on the Co2+:Fe2+ ratio in the system. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)77708-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Harris, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; John, Vijay/G-3747-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 10 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 6223 EP 6225 DI 10.1063/1.372661 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TK UT WOS:000086728800107 ER PT J AU Rachford, FJ Levy, M Osgood, RM Kumar, A Bakhru, H AF Rachford, FJ Levy, M Osgood, RM Kumar, A Bakhru, H TI Magnetization and FMR studies of crystal-ion-sliced narrow linewidth gallium-doped yttrium iron garnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID FILMS; GAAS AB Recent interest in employing single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films for miniaturized microwave integrated circuit applications has prompted us to study detaching liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) grown YIG films from their gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates via crystal ion slicing (CIS). We report studies of magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of narrow linewidth gallium-doped YIG (GaYIG) films in various stages of separation from their < 111 > oriented GGG substrates. All samples were diced from the same three-inch wafer of Y3Fe4.6Ga0.4O12 with 4 pi M-eff of 1070 G and 9.45 GHz FMR linewidth of 0.4 +/- 0.1 Oe. The CIS separation process involved (1) implantation with helium ions, (2) flash annealing to remove surface damage, and (3) chemical etching to detach the YIG at the implantation damaged layer. The starting films were 10.8-mu m thick. Separation occurred 7 to 8 mu m from the front surface in the YIG. The implantation (5x10(16) cm(-2) dosage, 3.8 MeV bias) increased the uniaxial anisotropy of these films. A small cubic anisotropy (similar to 5 G 60 degrees in-plane periodicity) persisted in both implanted and unimplanted samples. Upon implantation the FMR linewidth increased from 0.4 to 3 +/- 0.5 Oe. The detached samples have linewidths ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 Oe. The temperature dependence of the linewidths is roughly exponential decreasing as the temperature is lowered for the unprocessed sample, increasing with reduced temperature for all processed samples. Post-detachment annealing restores the FMR linewidth to 0.55 +/- 0.5 Oe. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)76408-5]. C1 USN, Mat Phys Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Microelect Sci Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Rachford, FJ (reprint author), USN, Mat Phys Branch, Res Lab, Code 6343, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 6253 EP 6255 DI 10.1063/1.373422 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TK UT WOS:000086728800117 ER PT J AU Teter, JP Horner, GC Bromberg, L AF Teter, JP Horner, GC Bromberg, L TI Precision cryogenic magnetostrictive actuator using a persistent high TC magnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc AB Cryogenic magnetostrictive materials, such as rare earth zinc crystals, offer high strains and high forces with minimally applied magnetic fields, making the material ideally suited for deformable optics applications. For cryogenic temperature applications, such as Next Generation Space Telescope, the use of superconducting magnets offer the possibility of a persistent mode of operation, i.e., the magnetostrictive material will maintain a strain field without power. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are attractive options if the temperature of operation is higher than 10 degrees Kelvin (K) and below 77 K. However, HTS wires have constraints that limit the minimum radius of winding, and even if good wires can be produced, the technology for joining superconducting wires does not exist. In this article, the design and capabilities of a rare earth zinc magnetostrictive actuator using bulk HTS is described. Bulk superconductors can be fabricated in the sizes required with excellent superconducting properties. Equivalent permanent magnets, made with this inexpensive material, are persistent, do not require a persistent switch as in HTS wires, and can be made very small. These devices are charged using a technique which is similar to the one used for charging permanent magnets, e.g., by driving them into saturation. A small normal conducting coil can be used for charging or discharging. Very fast charging and discharging of HTS tubes, as short as 100 mu s, has been demonstrated. Because of the magnetic field capability of the superconductor material, a very small amount of superconducting magnet material is needed to actuate the rare earth zinc. In this article, several designs of actuators using YBCO and BSCCO 2212 superconducting materials are presented. Designs that include magnetic shielding to prevent interaction between adjacent actuators will also be described. Preliminary experimental results and comparison with theory for BSSCO 2212 with a magnetostrictive element will be discussed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)82208-2]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Teter, JP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 6313 EP 6315 DI 10.1063/1.372690 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TK UT WOS:000086728800137 ER PT J AU Zhu, JG Zheng, YF Prinz, GA AF Zhu, JG Zheng, YF Prinz, GA TI Ultrahigh density vertical magnetoresistive random access memory (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FILM ELEMENTS; MICROMAGNETICS; END AB In this paper, we present the vertical magnetoresistive random access memory (VMRAM) design based on micromagnetic simulation analysis. The design utilizes the vertical giant magnetoresistive effect of the magnetic multilayer. By making the memory element into a ring-shaped magnetic multilayer stack with orthogonal paired word lines, magnetic switching of the memory device becomes very robust. The design also adopts the readback scheme in pseudo spin valve MRAM so that only one transistor is needed for each bit line which can connect hundreds of memory elements, yielding a very high area density. It is estimated that the ultimate area density for the VMRAM is 400 Gbits/in.(2). It is suggested that this memory design has the potential to not only replace the present semiconductor memory devices, such as FLASH, but also the potential to replace DRAM, SRAM, and even disk drives. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)66708-7]. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhu, JG (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 15 TC 471 Z9 479 U1 10 U2 101 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 6668 EP 6673 DI 10.1063/1.372805 PN 3 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TK UT WOS:000086728800255 ER PT J AU Stadler, S Idzerda, YU Chen, Z Ogale, SB Venkatesan, T AF Stadler, S Idzerda, YU Chen, Z Ogale, SB Venkatesan, T TI The effects of YBa2Cu3O7-delta overlayers on the magnetic and electronic properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS; DEVICES AB The effects of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) cap layers on the magnetic and electronic properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) underlayers was determined by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The YBCO caps alter the LSMO in a way that effectively decreases the concentration of La at the LSMO/YBCO interface. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)62908-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stadler, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS Bldg 725A-U4B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 6767 EP 6769 DI 10.1063/1.372835 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TK UT WOS:000086728800285 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Pistek, P Jacobs, GA Perkins, HT AF Teague, WJ Pistek, P Jacobs, GA Perkins, HT TI Evaluation of tides from TOPEX/Poseidon in the Bohai and Yellow Seas SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN TIDES; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; MODEL; MISSION AB TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) can provide accurate tide data in the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The accuracy of T/P as a measurement tool for tides in the coastal seas can be evaluated through comparison to data from in situ pressure gauges and coastal tide stations. The effort here is concentrated on the broad continental shelf region of the Yellow and Bohai Seas. Tide coefficients are derived from five years of T/P data for M2, S2, K1, and O1 constituents. These constituents are responsible for about 80% of the tidal variability in the Yellow Sea. The T/P data are compared with two moored pressure gauges deployed along ground tracks and eight coastal tide gauges near the ground tracks. In addition, for internal consistency, the T/P data are compared at seven crossover points. Comparisons with tidal stations are quite good in the Yellow Sea, but not as good in the Bohai Sea. Comparisons of moored pressure gauges with T/P are better than coastal tide station comparisons in terms of tidal amplitude and phase. Crossover point comparisons are best in the Yellow Sea. The T/P data dropouts degrade the coefficient determination within 20 to 35 km of the coast. C1 USN, Res Lab, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 17 IS 5 BP 679 EP 687 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0679:EOTFTP>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319ET UT WOS:000087329100009 ER PT J AU Anna, AL Chandler, GN Jansen, E Mero, NP AF Anna, AL Chandler, GN Jansen, E Mero, NP TI Women business owners in traditional and non-traditional industries SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING LA English DT Article ID PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT; SELF-EFFICACY; CAREER-DEVELOPMENT; PERFORMANCE; SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; MANAGERS; GENDER AB Small businesses continue to gi ow in importance to the national economy. According to the Small Business Administration, America's 22 million small businesses generate more than half of the nation's Gross Domestic Product and are the principal source of new jobs. The National Formation for Women Business Owners reported that between 1987 and 1994, the number of women-owned businesses grew by 78% and women-owned firms accounted for 36% of all firms. Although the growth in the number of women-owned businesses is encouraging the size of such businesses,remains small in terms of both revenues and number of employees, especially in comparison to male-owned businesses. One explanation for this disparity is that female business ownership is concentrated primarily in the retail and service industries where businesses are relatively smaller in terms of employment and revenue as opposed to high technology: construction, and manufacturing. One of the most fruitful streams of research in women's occupational choice has been based on social learning theory. Specifically self-efficacy has been found to relate to both type and number of occupations considered by college men and women, and with regard to traditional and non-traditional occupations. Entrepreneurship researchers have also used social learning theory to study entrepreneurial intentions. This study build's on that background of women's career development and entrepreneurial intentions to examine differences between traditional and non-traditional women business owners. We examine 170 women business owners in various traditional and non-traditional businesses in Utah and Illinois. Questionnaires were the primary method of collecting data, in addition to II in-depth interviews from a sample of the survey respondents. Using a careers perspective, based on social learning theory we hypothesized that women iir these two different categories of industries would differ on levels of self-efficacy toward entrepreneurship or venture efficacy their career expectations and their perceived social support. A second analysis was also clone that explored the relationship between the same independent variables and success or performance of the business. The results offer support for using this integrative model to understand differences between women in traditional and non-traditional industries. The first analysis revealed that significant differences exist between the two groups or? several of the independent variables. Traditional business owners had higher venture efficacy for opportunity recognition, higher career expectations of life balance and security and they reported that the financial support received from others was more important to them than those in non-traditional businesses. On the other hand the nontraditional owners had higher venture efficacy for planning and higher career expectations for money or wealth than the traditional group. The second analysis explored whether success, as measured by safes, was affected by differences in venture efficacies, career expectations, or perceived support received by women in traditional businesses as compared to those in non-traditional ones. This analysis revealed that traditional women business owners might have different factors that contribute to their success than non-traditional owners. Specifically, for the traditional owners, venture efficacies for opportunity recognition and economic management as well as the career expectation of autonomy and money (or wealth) were positively related to sales. For rite same group efficacy toward planning and rite need for security were negatively related to sales. For the non-traditional women, venture efficacy toward planning and the career expectation of autonomy Mere positively related to sales while the expectation of money or wealth was negatively related. Also for the same group the perceived importance of the emotional and financial support was negatively related to sales. In the past, most of the entrepreneurial research has used predominantly male samples of entrepreneurs. Those that include women entrepreneurs,generally are comparative, between,men find women. This study's comparison of two groups of women entrepreneurs offers a unique contribution to the field. Future research is recommended to further understand how venture efficacy and career expectations affect the decision to start a new business in a particular industry. it would he particularly beneficial to study venture, efficacy and career expectations of prospective women entrepreneurs prior to the start of the business. Similarly, greater attention should be given to understanding how venture efficacy develops in different individuals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF Acad, DFM, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Washington, DC USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Management & Decis Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Anna, AL (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFM, HQ, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H94, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 74 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 17 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0883-9026 J9 J BUS VENTURING JI J. Bus. Ventur. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 279 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00012-3 PG 25 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 267KL UT WOS:000084357100004 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI Lagrange-Galerkin methods on spherical geodesic grids: The shallow water equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite element method; icosahedral grid; Lagrange-Galerkin; Runge-Kutta; shallow water equations; spherical geometry; unstructured grid ID INTEGRATION AB The weak Lagrange-Galerkin finite element method fur the 2D shallow water equations on the sphere is presented. This method offers stable and accurate solutions because the equations are integrated along thr characteristics. The equations are written in 3D Cartesian conservation form and the domains are discretized using linear triangular elements. The use of linear triangular elements permits the construction of accurate (by virtue of the second-order spatial and temporal accuracies of the scheme) and efficient (by virtue of the less stringent CFL condition of Lagrangian methods) schemes on unstructured domains. Using linear triangles in 3D Cartesian space allows for the explicit construction of area coordinate basis functions thereby simplifying the calculation of the finite element integrals. The triangular grids are constructed by a generalization of the icosahedral grids that have been typically used in recent papers. An efficient searching strategy fur the departure points is also presented for these generalized icosahedral grids which involves very few Boating point operations. In addition a high-order scheme for computing the characteristic curves in 3D Cartesian space is presented: a general family of Runge-Kutta schemes. Results for six test cases are reported in order to confirm the accuracy of the scheme. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 160 IS 1 BP 336 EP 368 DI 10.1006/jcph.2000.6469 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 309RF UT WOS:000086782500015 ER PT J AU Grimwood, RE Proffer, LH AF Grimwood, RE Proffer, LH TI Long-term preservation of direct immunofluorescence staining in slides stored at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To determine whether reproducible results from direct immunofluorescent tissue staining could be obtained after storing the slides at room temperature. We examined the original slides of 22 cases noted to be positive for direct immunofluorescence. Diagnoses include pemphigus, pemphigoid, lupus, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, and vasculitis. These specimens, initially evaluated during the period January 1997 to September 1998, were prepared with a standard immunofluorescence staining technique, and then a permanent aqueous mounting medium was added. AU specimens were stored at room temperature in vertical slide holding trays. We focused on the presence and relative intensity of the immunofluorescence staining, as well as the final diagnosis. We then compared our readings to that of the original reports. Twenty of the 22 cases studied (91%) were read as hating the same diagnosis as the initial immunopathology report. Seventeen of the 22 cases (77%) were found to have the identical or slightly less fluorescence intensity. The original reports in 3 of the cases did not comment on the original intensity of fluorescence. Thus, a comparison of fluorescence preservation could not be made. In 2 of the cases, the quality of tissue preservation was poor, and though fluorescent staining was noted, we were unable to render a diagnosis. Our results suggest that direct immunofluorescent studies, using a permanent aqueous mounting medium, can be stored over long periods of time at room temperature without significant degradation of staining. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USN Hosp Corpus Christi, Div Dermatol, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Grimwood, RE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Dermatol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2000.027005224.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 313MA UT WOS:000087002400003 PM 10847546 ER PT J AU Hill, SM Solomon, SC Cleary, DD Broadfoot, AL AF Hill, SM Solomon, SC Cleary, DD Broadfoot, AL TI Temperature dependence of the reaction N-2(A (3)Sigma(+)(u))+O in the terrestrial thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENTS; MIDDLE ULTRAVIOLET DAYGLOW; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; SOLAR EUV FLUX; ATOMIC OXYGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS AB Previous models for dayglow and auroral emissions of the N-2(A (3)Sigma(u)(+) --> X (1)Sigma(g)(+)) Vegard-Kaplan (VK) bands and O(S-1) lines, when based on laboratory rate coefficients, disagree with observations. The problem has two parts: the overall rate of N-2(A)+O and the state-specific yield of O(1S). Resolving these discrepancies should yield more accurate determinations of atomic oxygen density by remote sensing of the 2972 and 5577 Angstrom lines. To solve the problem, the sources and sinks of O(S-1) are considered using dayglow observations from 105 to 315 km and a numerical model. Line and band intensities are extracted from the data using a multiple regression fit to synthetic spectra. A photoelectron and photochemical model is used to analyze the resulting vertical emission profiles. N2 Second Positive (2P) altitude profiles indicate that photoelectron excitation of the Nz triplet system is modeled with an absolute uncertainty of +/-23%. The VK/2P intensity ratio suggests that laboratory rate coefficients for the reaction N-2(A; nu'=0,1,2) + O should be increased by a factor of 1.74 to 2.34. However, the laboratory rates were measured at room temperature. When the effect of high thermospheric temperatures on collision frequency is accounted for, the rate coefficients for nu'=0,1, and 2 are found to be (3.4+/-0.8)x10(-11) (T/298)(1/2), (5.6+/-1.3)x10(-11) (T/298)(1/2), and (4.8+/-1.2)x10(-11) 1(T/298)(1/2) cm(3)s(-1) At 298 K, the nu'=0 and 2 values are within 5% of the laboratory values, but for nu'=1 the value is 40% larger than the laboratory value. The effective quantum yield of O(1S) by N-2(A)+O is found to be 0.47+/-0.17. The observations support a photoelectron cross section for O(S-1) that is consistent with laboratory measurements, but about 2.0 times larger than theoretical calculations. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hill, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034 NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A5 BP 10615 EP 10629 DI 10.1029/1999JA000395 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309AQ UT WOS:000086745400035 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Wong, M Huba, JD Fejer, BG Wagner, LS Goldstein, JA Selcher, CA Frolov, VL Sergeev, EN AF Bernhardt, PA Wong, M Huba, JD Fejer, BG Wagner, LS Goldstein, JA Selcher, CA Frolov, VL Sergeev, EN TI Optical remote sensing of the thermosphere with HF pumped artificial airglow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS; BROAD UPSHIFTED MAXIMUM; POWER RADIO-WAVES; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; F-REGION; ENHANCED AIRGLOW; MODEL; RADIATION; IRREGULARITIES AB Optical emissions excited by high-power radio waves in the ionosphere can be used to measure a wide variety of parameters in the thermosphere. Powerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves produce energetic electrons in the region where: the waves reflect in the F region. These hot or suprathermal electrons collide with atomic oxygen atoms to produce localized regions of metastable O(D-1) and O(S-1) atoms. These metastables subsequently radiate 630.0 and 557.7 nm, respectively, to produce clouds of HF pumped artificial airglow (HPAA). The shapes of the HPAA clouds are determined by the structure of large-scale (approximate to 10 km) plasma irregularities that occur naturally or that develop during ionospheric heating. When the HF wave is operated continuously, the motion of the airglow clouds follows the E x B drift of the plasma. When the HF wave is turned off, the airglow clouds decay by collisional quenching and radiation, expand by neutral diffusion, and drift in response to neutral winds. Images of HPAA clouds, obtained using both continuous and stepped radio wave transmissions, are processed to yield the electric fields, neutral wind vectors, and diffusion coefficients in the upper atmosphere. This technique is illustrated using data that were obtained in March 1993 and 1995 at the ionospheric modification facility near Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Analysis of HPAA clouds yields zonal plasma drifts of 70 m s(-1) eastward at night. On the basis of artificial airglow from energetic electrons generated at 260 km the zonal neutral wind speed was estimated to be 96 m s(-1) and the O(D-1) diffusion coefficient was determined to be between 0.8 and 1.4 x 10(11) cm(2) s(-1). The quenched lifetime of the O(D-1) was determined to be 29.4 s, The diffusion and quenching rates are directly related to the atomic and molecular concentrations in the thermosphere. Improvements in the remote-sensing technique may be obtained if the intensity of the artificial airglow emissions is increased, High-power radio transmissions employing pulse sequences and tuning near electron cyclotron harmonics were attempted to increase the optical emissions. Both of these, however, produced reduced intensity, and consequently, continuous transmission at frequencies away from electron gyro harmonics is the preferred heating regime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A5 BP 10657 EP 10671 DI 10.1029/1999JA000366 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309AQ UT WOS:000086745400038 ER PT J AU Fialho, I Balas, GJ Packard, AK Renfrow, J Mullaney, C AF Fialho, I Balas, GJ Packard, AK Renfrow, J Mullaney, C TI Gain-scheduled lateral control of the F-14 aircraft during powered approach landing SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The design of a linear fractional transformation gain-scheduled controller, scheduled on angle of attack, fur the F-14 aircraft lateral-directional axis is presented. The controller is designed for the powered approach Right phase, during which the angle of attack and corresponding airspeed varies from 2 deg and 182 kn to 14 deg and 126 kn. A linear fractional model of the lateral dynamics Is constructed based on four linearized models that correspond to 2, 6, 10.5, and 14 deg angle of attack. Using parameter-dependent functions, a controller is designed that depends in a linear fractional manner on angle of attack and delivers uniform handling quality over angle-of-attack variations that lie between 2-14 deg. The resulting controller performs well when implemented in a nonlinear simulation model of the F-14 aircraft. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Fialho, I (reprint author), Dynacs Engn, Houston, TX USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.2514/2.4550 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 313DT UT WOS:000086985600010 ER PT J AU Das, AK Kilty, HP Marto, PJ Andeen, GB Kumar, A AF Das, AK Kilty, HP Marto, PJ Andeen, GB Kumar, A TI The use of an organic self-assembled monolayer coating to promote dropwise condensation of steam on horizontal tubes SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE condensation; multiphase flows; organic coatings ID SURFACES; GOLD AB Hydrophobic coatings have been created through self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, copper, and copper-nickel alloy surfaces that enhance stream condensation through dropwise condensation. The monolayer is formed by chemisorption of alkylthiols on these metal surfaces. Due to their negligible thickness (10-15 Angstrom). SAMs have negligible heat transfer resistance, and involve a minuscule amount of the organic material to pose any contamination problem to the system from erosion of the coating. The coating was applied directly to copper and 90/10 copper-nickel tubes, and to previously gold-sputtered aluminum tubes. The quality of the drops on SAMs, based on visual observation, was found to be similar for the three surfaces, with the gold surface showing a slight superiority. When compared to complete filmwise condensation, the SAM coating increased the condensation heat transfer coefficient by factors of 4 for gold-coated aluminum, and by about 5 for copper and copper-nickel tubes, under vacuum operation (10 kPa). The respective enhancements under atmospheric conditions were about 9 and 14. Comparatively, the heat transfer coefficient obtained with a bare gold surface (with no organic coating) was 2.5 times that of the filmwise condensation heat transfer coefficient under vacuum, and 3.4 at atmospheric conditions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Optigon Technol, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. RP Das, AK (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, 3100 Bowers Ave,MS 0225, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 25 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 278 EP 286 DI 10.1115/1.521465 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 430PP UT WOS:000168583600008 ER PT J AU McCarthy, M Estes, MK Hyams, KC AF McCarthy, M Estes, MK Hyams, KC TI Norwalk-like virus infection in military forces: Epidemic potential, sporadic disease, and the future direction of prevention and control efforts SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Caliciviruses CY MAR 29-31, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US EPA, US FDA, Natl Inst Infect Dis Japan, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NIAID, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, USA Med Res & Mat Command, WHO, Merck Res Labs, SmithKline Beecham Biol, Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUS; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; DIARRHEAL-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CRUISE SHIP; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK AB The impact of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) infection on military forces is evaluated in this report. NLVs were a major cause of both outbreaks and sporadic disease among crowded US ground troops in the 1991 war with Iraq, NLVs also have been found to be a cause of acute gastroenteritis in other ground and shipboard deployments. Four large outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were investigated aboard US Navy aircraft carriers between 1992 and 1997, In these outbreaks, NLVs were identified as the probable cause, and crowding was a major risk factor for transmission. An evaluation of a routine shipboard deployment also suggests that NLVs cause sporadic gastroenteritis, These data indicate that NLV infection is a major cause of acute morbidity in military forces. Because of the limitations of available prevention and control methods, development of a vaccine against these viruses may be the best solution in the military environment. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 17, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 SU 2 BP S387 EP S391 DI 10.1086/315582 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 321DH UT WOS:000087439400022 PM 10804153 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Bentley, SJ Shiller, AM Lavoie, DL Van Cappellen, P AF Furukawa, Y Bentley, SJ Shiller, AM Lavoie, DL Van Cappellen, P TI The role of biologically-enhanced pore water transport in early diagenesis: An example from carbonate sediments in the vicinity of North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; ORGANIC-MATTER; SULFATE REDUCTION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MICROBIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB Biologically enhanced pore water irrigation affects the course of early diagenesis in shallow marine sediments, as illustrated here for the carbonate sediments from North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. Whereas macrofaunal activity at the study site extends approximately 15 cm below the water-sediment interface, measured O-2 microprofiles only show O-2 penetration to depths of a few mm. This apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the 3-D O-2 distribution in the burrowed sediments. Calculations based on an idealized tube model for burrow irrigation show that measureable O-2 concentrations are limited to the immediate vicinity of burrows. Given the observed burrow density (705 +/- 15 m(-2)), a randomly positioned O-2 microprofile has a high probability (>90%) to fall outside the reach of radial O-2 diffusion from burrows. Hence, the shallow penetration depths recorded at the site do not exclude a much deeper supply of O-2 in the sediment via the burrows. Other characteristic features observed in the upper 15-20 cm of the sediments, in particular, the absence of SO42- depletion and the presence of subsurface maxims in the profiles of NH4+ and TCO2, are also the result of pore water irrigation. These features are reproduced by the multicomponent reactive transport model STEADYSED1. Results of the model simulations indicate that bacterial SO42- reduction is the dominant pathway of organic carbon degradation, but that consumption of SO42- in the sediments is compensated by its enhanced transport by irrigation. Thus, depth profiles of SO42- may be poor indicators of the importance of SO42- reduction in irrigated sediments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Inst Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, NL-3509 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013; Van Cappellen, Philippe/A-2906-2013; OI Van Cappellen, Philippe/0000-0001-5476-0820; Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3 BP 493 EP 522 DI 10.1357/002224000321511124 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 343LD UT WOS:000088703100006 ER PT J AU Ahmad, Z Paulette, PT Aleem, BJA AF Ahmad, Z Paulette, PT Aleem, BJA TI Mechanism of localized corrosion of aluminum-silicon carbide composites in a chloride containing environment SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In marine environments, more pits develop on SiC reinforced aluminum alloy composites than on their unreinforced counterparts. Although it has been suggested that the SiC plays an active role in composite corrosion by fostering the initiation of pits, this fact has not been conclusively demonstrated. The present paper considers data of two independent investigations concerning the effects of alloy type, and heat treatment on pit initiation in SiC reinforced aluminum composites. For four alloys, it is shown that pit initiation is dependent on the alloy type and heat treatment. Further, microscopic observations show that pit initiation sites are correlated with secondary phase particles. Results suggest that secondary phases, rather than the SiC particles, contribute to the pitting behavior of the composites. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ahmad, Z (reprint author), King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, KFUPM Box 1748, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2573 EP 2579 DI 10.1023/A:1004767113052 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 295GA UT WOS:000085957300028 ER PT J AU Mohamed, FSA Abbassy, MM Darwish, ZEA Tetreault, GE Marzouk, AS Shoukry, MA Fryauff, DJ Beavers, GM AF Mohamed, FSA Abbassy, MM Darwish, ZEA Tetreault, GE Marzouk, AS Shoukry, MA Fryauff, DJ Beavers, GM TI Effects of permethrin on the salivary glands and neuroendocrine organs of unfed female Hyalomma (Hyalomma) dromedarii (Ixodoidea : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hyalomma dromedarii; permethrin; histology; cellular activity ID LONE STAR TICK; PERSONAL PROTECTION; CLOTHING TREATMENT; ACARI; REPELLENT; TROMBICULIDAE; INSECTICIDES; PYRETHROIDS; STIMULATION; ARGASIDAE AB Permethrin-impregnated fabric has been shown to be an effective repellent against various tick species. However, some tick species are not repelled by this chemical. In Hyalomma dromedarii (Koch), permethrin exposure is reported to actually enhance the tick's attachment behavior. This stud; evaluated the histological effects of permethrin exposure on the salivary glands and neuroendocrine organs of unfed, virgin H. dromedarii ticks of uniform age. Three fabric treatments consisting of unwashed-untreated (control), washed after treatment (0.125 mg [AI] / cm(2)) and unwashed-treated were used after 5- and 10-min exposure times for. unfed, unmated females. For all of the organs examined, the cellular structure of treated ticks differed from controls as evidenced by increases in cellular activity, as well as significant increases in the size of the cells of the organs under study (P < 0,05), These data conclusively demonstrate that an unexpected enhanced attachment response observed in this tick species after permethrin exposure is the direct result of increased neurosecretory and salivary gland activity induced by that exposure. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Mohamed, FSA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Branch, Code 101 F,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2000)037[0393:EOPOTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RE UT WOS:000089625200016 PM 15535583 ER PT J AU Hari, P Cheney, C Leupke, G Singh, S Tolk, N Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Hari, P Cheney, C Leupke, G Singh, S Tolk, N Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Wavelength selective materials modification of bulk As2S3 and As2Se3 by free electron laser irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Letter AB In this study we report first measurements of wavelength-selective infrared-induced materials modification of bulk As2S3 and As2Se3. These materials are currently being considered as candidate materials for infrared optical fiber transmission in the range of 1-10 mu m. Our study is aimed at modifying oxygen, hydrogen and carbon impurities bound to chalcogenide constituent elements in the materials to reduce absorption. Tunable infrared radiation from the W.M. Keck Free Electron Laser (FEL) at Vanderbilt was used to excite specific vibrational modes, S-O-H and CHx modes in bulk As2S3 and Se-H, CHx and S-H-2 modes in bulk As2Se3. Changes in vibrational mode amplitudes are monitored by measuring the intensity of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra before and after irradiation at appropriate wavelengths. By tuning wavelengths to hydrogen vibrational modes, we find evidence that hydrogen is released and/or redistributed athermally. In particular, following irradiation at specific resonant wavelengths, vibrational mode amplitudes as monitored by FTIR associated with CHx are significantly reduced in bulk As2S3 and As2Se3 samples. In As2S3, the changes in CHx modes are reversed by heat treatment at 115 degrees C for 35 min in nitrogen atmosphere. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hari, P (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Phys, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY PY 2000 VL 270 IS 1-3 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00072-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 317UA UT WOS:000087244300030 ER PT J AU Amrhein, ES AF Amrhein, ES TI Mycobacterium abscessus infection after facelift surgery: A case report - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Dent Ctr Gulf Coast, Pensacola, FL 32518 USA. USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Amrhein, ES (reprint author), USN, Dent Ctr Gulf Coast, Pensacola, FL 32518 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 58 IS 5 BP 574 EP 575 DI 10.1016/S0278-2391(00)90025-9 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 308WC UT WOS:000086735000025 ER PT J AU Covey, DC Lurate, RB Hatton, CT AF Covey, DC Lurate, RB Hatton, CT TI Field hospital treatment of blast wounds of the musculoskeletal system during the Yugoslav Civil war SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE blast injuries; extremities; war; musculoskeletal injuries; fragments ID SMALL FRAGMENT WOUNDS; ANTIPERSONNEL MINES; OPEN FRACTURES; INJURIES; MANAGEMENT; EXPERIENCE; SURGERY; BOSNIA AB The spectrum of wounding and treatment of forty-one patients with musculoskeletal blast injuries at a U.S. military field hospital in the former Yugoslavia was reviewed. Patients underwent wound exploration, irrigation, debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, early fracture stabilization, and appropriate reconstructive surgery. Four patients developed wound infections. Two patients died as a result of their injuries (overall mortality 5 percent). There were three below-knee amputations and five other amputations (above-knee, ankle, midtarsal, partial forefoot, and finger). Three patients sustained lumbar burst fractures from mines that exploded under their vehicles, resulting in paraplegia in one case. Our patients underwent 112 surgical procedures, an average of 2.1 per patient. Twenty-two patients (54 percent) had other injuries or conditions in addition to their orthopaedic wounds. There were wide variations in the bone and soft tissue injuries caused by detonating ordnance, and the tissue damage was qualitatively different from that caused by gunshot wounds. Early debridement, leaving wounds open, and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics were important factors in wound healing to allow subsequent successful reconstructive surgery in an austere field setting. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Sant Rosa Orthopaed, Milton, FL USA. Hill Country Sports Med, San Marcos, TX USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, HPO1 Boone Rd, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD MAY PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 278 EP 286 DI 10.1097/00005131-200005000-00010 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 326CC UT WOS:000087713500010 PM 10898201 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Winfield Scott: The quest for military glory SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 66 IS 2 BP 410 EP 411 DI 10.2307/2587687 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 312LD UT WOS:000086944000035 ER PT J AU McDaniel, RD Nance, RP Hassan, HA AF McDaniel, RD Nance, RP Hassan, HA TI Transition onset prediction for high-speed flow SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOSURE-MODEL; TUNNEL AB An approach that treats nonturbulent fluctuations in a turbulencelike manner and determines onset and extent of transition as part of a flow calculation is used to study transition at high Mach numbers. Three sets of previously obtained experimental data involving straight and dared cones at zero angle of attack are used to calibrate and validate the model. Two sets, at Mach numbers 3.5 and 6, were carried out in quiet tunnels, and the third set was carried out at a Mach number of 8 in a conventional tunnel. The results suggest that the second mode is not the only mode responsible for transition at high Mach numbers. In general, fair to good agreement with measured recovery factors, adiabatic walt temperatures, and heat-transfer rates is indicated. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Missile Syst Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP McDaniel, RD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.2514/2.3579 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 322YC UT WOS:000087536100002 ER PT J AU Simpson, HJ Houston, BH AF Simpson, HJ Houston, BH TI Synthetic array measurements of acoustical waves propagating into a water-saturated sandy bottom for a smoothed and a roughened interface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT; BEAM AB Measurements of acoustical waves propagating in an unconsolidated water-saturated porous medium that involved the use of a two-dimensional synthetic array technique are presented. From these measurements, wave-front propagation is evaluated using time domain, wave-number frequency and two-dimensional spatial analysis techniques. First, a synthetic array measurement is employed to study sound penetration for a "smoothed" interface condition. This smoothed interface measurement is then compared to an identical synthetic array measurement with a "roughened" interface. A comparison of the smoothed and roughened interface measurements shows enhanced bottom penetration at shallow grazing angles as a result of the roughened interface. At shallow grazing angles, this scattered pressure from the roughened interface has the appearance of a wave front in the water-saturated porous medium that has a virtual wave speed of similar to 1200 m/s. Slower compressional waves in the sandy bottom are not observed. [S0001-4966(00)04604-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpson, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Code 7136, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 107 IS 5 BP 2329 EP 2337 DI 10.1121/1.428618 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 312WX UT WOS:000086967900002 ER PT J AU Orris, GJ Nicholas, W Perkins, JS AF Orris, GJ Nicholas, W Perkins, JS TI The matched-phase coherent multi-frequency matched-field processor SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BAND SOURCE LOCALIZATION; SHALLOW-WATER AB Coherent multi-frequency matched-field processing is investigated using a matched-phase coherent matched-field processor. Its main difference from previous coherent processors is that the relative phases of the Fourier components contained within the recorded signal are not assumed to be known a priori. Rather they are considered free parameters that can be determined using a global functional minimization algorithm. Additionally, this processor uses only the cross-frequency terms, making it less susceptible to the detrimental effects of ambient noise; in one example, this processor shows a five decibel improvement over a similar coherent processor. Along with its increased sensitivity with respect to the broadcast source levels, this coherent processor exhibits superior range resolution as compared with multi-frequency incoherent processors, due to the cross-frequency interference of the vertical eigenmodes. Within this work we explore the efficacy of the algorithms used to determine the relative phases along with the performance of the matched-phase coherent processor itself, performed within the context of data collected during an event from the SWellEx-96 experiment. Performance comparisons between this processor, an incoherent processor, and another coherent processor are demonstrated using this data set. [S0001-4966(00)02705-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orris, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 107 IS 5 BP 2563 EP 2575 DI 10.1121/1.428644 PN 1 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 312WX UT WOS:000086967900028 ER PT J AU Broadhead, MK Pflug, LA Field, RL AF Broadhead, MK Pflug, LA Field, RL TI Use of higher order statistics in source signature estimation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DECONVOLUTION; EXTRACTION; ENTROPY AB Higher order statistical blind deconvolution methods are implemented for use in removing multipath distortion from passively received underwater acoustic transient signals. Using single channel data and simulations, it is demonstrated that a fourth order method based on cumulant maximization can work well if the associated multipath Green's function is sufficiently "sparse." The iterative method is parameterized by filter length, and while there is a range of values at which the best solutions are obtained with conventional convergence criteria, useful solutions exist across a much broader range of filter lengths if the iterations are not always allowed to proceed to convergence. The fourth order objective functional is generalized to arbitrary order, and the method is shown to also produce good results for the third order objective functional. [S0001-4966(90)01603-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Broadhead, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7173, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 107 IS 5 BP 2576 EP 2585 DI 10.1121/1.428645 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 312WX UT WOS:000086967900029 ER PT J AU Matwiyoff, GN McKinlay, JR Miller, CH Graham, BS AF Matwiyoff, GN McKinlay, JR Miller, CH Graham, BS TI Transepidermal migration of external cardiac pacing wire presenting as a cutaneous nodule SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Temporary epicardial pacing wires are used to control postoperative arrhythmias in patients who have undergone open heart surgery. We present an interesting case of a foreign body granuloma resulting from a retained epicardial pacing wire. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Matwiyoff, GN (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 BP 865 EP 866 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90255-X PN 2 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 314QL UT WOS:000087067000003 PM 10767688 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Liu, M Westphal, DL AF Xu, Q Liu, M Westphal, DL TI A theoretical study of mountain barrier jets over sloping valleys SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; COASTAL OROGRAPHY; GAP WINDS; COLD; LAYER; FRONTOGENESIS; CALIFORNIA; FRONTS; ALASKA; STORM AB A shallow-water model is developed to examine the dynamics of mountain-barrier jets over a mesoscale sloping valley between two mountain ridges. In this model, the cold air trapped in the valley is represented by a shallow-water layer that is coupled with the upper-layer flow through a free-slip interface. The pressure gradient exerted from the upper layer plus the pressure gradient generated by the sloping cold layer itself drive the cold air down the valley forming a jet against the surface friction. In the cross-valley direction, the jet-induced Coriolis force is balanced by the pressure gradient force. For a given cross-valley terrain profile, the solution is controlled by eight dimensional environmental parameters. In the nondimensional space, the solution is controlled only by three parameters: the Froude number modified by the ratio between the valley width and the Rossby radius of deformation, the surface drag coefficient normalized by the ratio between the valley depth and the inertial radius, and the upper-layer cross-valley pressure gradient scaled by the lower-layer along-valley pressure gradient. Analytical solutions are obtained for a given cross-valley terrain profile, and the results quantify the dependence of the jet intensity and cross-valley structure on the environmental parameters. The theoretical results are also compared with numerical model simulations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1393 EP 1405 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1393:ATSOMB>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 312NT UT WOS:000086949900013 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Cilento, BG Kaplan, GW Velling, TE Puckett, M Stock, J AF Ward, JF Cilento, BG Kaplan, GW Velling, TE Puckett, M Stock, J TI The ultrasonic description of postpubertal testicles in men who have undergone prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultrasonography; testicular neoplasms; cryptorchidism; calcinosis; testis ID UNDESCENDED TESTIS; HISTOLOGY AB Purpose: We provide a sonographic description of postpubertal testicles in patients who have undergone prepubertal orchiopexy with placement; of a suture through the tunica albuginea, Materials and Methods: Testicular ultrasound was performed in men who had undergone prepubertal testicular fixation for cryptorchidism using a suture passed through the tunica albuginea. Comparison was made to the sonographic appearance of cryptorchid testicles not secured with a fixating suture through the tunica albuginea. The operative report for each patient was reviewed with specific attention to use and type of suture material, and age at orchiopexy, Results: Ultrasonography was performed on 22 men in whom a tunica albuginea fixating suture was placed during orchiopexy for cryptorchidism, Average patient age at orchiopexy was 5.6 years and median time from orchiopexy to this examination was 14.8 years, Right cryptorchidism existed in 64% of-the men, No significant difference was noted in size between the 2 testicles in any patient. Ultrasonography did not identify any parenchymal abnormalities, A tunica albuginea calcification with posterior shadowing on the side of fixation was noted in 32% of patients, of whom 3 had calcified areas evident on physical examination. An area of subtunical hypoechogenicity was noted in 14% of patients. All tunical abnormalities were associated with the use of chromic suture. The remaining 12 patients (54%) had normal sonographic and physical examinations. The control group comprised 6 men who underwent orchiopexy without a fixating suture through the tunica albuginea. These men were examined identically and no sonographic abnormalities were noted in the tunica albuginea or testicular parenchyma. At a median of 16 months no patient had been diagnosed with testicular cancer or had a change in testicular self-examination. Conclusions: Tunics albuginea calcifications and hypoechogenic cysts are common ultrasonic findings in men who have undergone orchiopexy using a suture passed through the tunica albuginea. Parenchymal lesions should not be considered secondary to this procedure and must be treated as de novo abnormalities. These changes seem to be induced by the use of a fixating suture through the tunica albuginea. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Urol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1448 EP 1450 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67640-9 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 303HN UT WOS:000086416600012 PM 10751855 ER PT J AU Katzer, DS Rabinovich, WS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Gilbreath, GC AF Katzer, DS Rabinovich, WS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Gilbreath, GC TI Optimization of buffer layers for InGaAs/AlGaAs PIN optical modulators grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA ID UNIFORMITY AB In this work we compare the effect of the buffer layer on the device quality and surface morphology of strained InGaAs/AlGaAs PIN multiple quantum well (WQW) modulators, We examine GaAs buffer layers and linearly graded InGaAs buffer layers. Our results indicate that for lower indium concentrations in the quantum wells (less than about 23%) better device performance and surface morphology are obtained by growing directly on GaAs. PIN MQWs with indium mole fractions higher than about 24% have better. properties when a lineal-ly graded buffer layer is used. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM katzer@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1609 EP 1613 DI 10.1116/1.591481 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 325AM UT WOS:000087654200097 ER PT J AU Katzer, DS Rabinovich, WS Beadie, G AF Katzer, DS Rabinovich, WS Beadie, G TI InGaAs/AlGaAs intersubband transition structures grown on InAlAs buffer layers on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA ID QUANTUM-WELLS; GRADED BUFFER; MU-M; UNIFORMITY; INXGA1-XAS; LASER AB We report on the use of InAlAs linearly graded buffer layers for improving the performance of InyGa1-yAs (y>0.42)/AlGaAs intersubband transition (ISBT) superlattice structures grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Linearly graded InAlAs buffer layers give better optical confinement in the active superlattice region, similar intersubband transition linewidths, and comparable surface morphology compared to linearly graded InGaAs buffer layers. The best surface morphology for our ISBT superlattices was obtained by growing the linearly graded InAlAs buffer layer at 360 degrees C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM katzer@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1614 EP 1618 DI 10.1116/1.591438 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 325AM UT WOS:000087654200098 ER PT J AU Bennett, BR Bracker, AS Magno, R Boos, JB Bass, R Park, D AF Bennett, BR Bracker, AS Magno, R Boos, JB Bass, R Park, D TI Monolithic integration of resonant interband tunneling diodes and high electron mobility transistors in the InAs/GaSb/AlSb material system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA ID ALSB/INAS HEMTS; LOW-VOLTAGE; HIGH-SPEED; OPERATION AB InAs/AlSb high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and resonant interband tunneling diodes (RTTDs) with AlSb barriers and GaSb wells were grown in a single heterostructure by molecular beam epitaxy. The resulting HEMTs exhibit excellent de and microwave performance at low drain voltages, with an intrinsic unity-current-gain cutoff frequency of 220 GHz. The RITD performance is comparable to RITDs grown directly on InAs substrates, with peak current densities above 10(4) A/cm(2) and peak-to-valley ratios near 11 for 15 Angstrom AlSb barriers. The results represent an important step toward the fabrication of high-speed, low-power logic circuits in this material system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bennett, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1650 EP 1652 DI 10.1116/1.591482 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 325AM UT WOS:000087654200106 ER PT J AU Bosse, A Lim, TW Shelley, S AF Bosse, A Lim, TW Shelley, S TI Modal filters and neural networks for adaptive vibration control SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE modal filters; adaptive control; online system identification; active vibration suppression ID IDENTIFICATION AB An adaptive control algorithm is investigated for the vibration suppression of a space truss structure using modal filters for independent modal space control and a neural network for online system identification The modal filters are computed off-line using measured frequency response functions and estimated pole values for the modes of interest. They are used to conduct transformation of response measurements from physical coordinates to modal coordinates. The time histories in the modal coordinates are then processed in rear time by the neural network to extract estimates of modal parameters, namely, natural frequency. damping ratio, and modal gain. To examine the performance of the adaptive control approach, a controller was; designed using the modal filters and implemented on a laboratory space truss using a single reaction-mass. actuator and 32 accelerometers. The performance of the modal filter-based controller is compared to that of a local rate feedback controller using the same actuator The applicability of the neural network to adaptive control was demonstrated by real-time estimation of the modal parameters of the truss with and without control. Because the modal filter control gain can be adjusted to maintain a desired closed-loop damping ratio, which is tracked by the neural network, adaptive control of individual modes in a time-varying system is possible. Eventually this type of adaptive controller will help develop a control system that can maintain desired closed-loop performance characteristics under significant modal parameter variations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sheet Dynam Ltd, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. RP Bosse, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Code 8221, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-5463 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD MAY PY 2000 VL 6 IS 4 BP 631 EP 648 DI 10.1177/107754630000600408 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 306ZF UT WOS:000086628000008 ER PT J AU Korsunskaya, NE Torchinskaya, TV Khomenkova, LY Dzhumaev, BR Prokes, SM AF Korsunskaya, NE Torchinskaya, TV Khomenkova, LY Dzhumaev, BR Prokes, SM TI Suboxide-related centre as the source of the intense red luminescence of porous Si SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 99) CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY DE porous silicon; photoluminescence; photoluminescence excitation; suboxide-related centre ID SILICON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; OXIDATION; MECHANISM AB The effect of the preparation regime on the oxide composition as well as the photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of porous silicon have been investigated. The influence of the oxidation process during ageing at ambient atmosphere and annealing in dry oxygen of porous silicon has been studied via FL, PLE, infrared (IR) absorption and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate a correlation between the suboxide concentration and the PL intensity. These results give further support to a suboxide-related colour centre as the source of the intense red luminescence. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korsunskaya, NE (reprint author), Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Prospekt Nauki 45, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Korsunska, Nadiia/M-6147-2013; Khomenkova, Larysa/A-2165-2012 OI Khomenkova, Larysa/0000-0002-5267-5945 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 51-2 BP 485 EP 493 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00503-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 320ZY UT WOS:000087431500058 ER PT J AU Gauker, ED Covey, DC Emens-Hesslink, KE Moya, NL Konoske, PJ AF Gauker, ED Covey, DC Emens-Hesslink, KE Moya, NL Konoske, PJ TI A descriptive analysis of patient encounter data from the Fleet Hospital FIVE humanitarian relief mission in Haiti SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Fleet Hospital FIVE personnel treated more than 24,000 patients during a 1997 military operation other than war in Haiti. Sample data were analyzed for 10,215 Haitians who received humanitarian assistance care at field treatment sites and for 353 military, United Nations personnel, and Haitian nationals who were treated at the fleet hospital. Demographic data, type of encounter, diagnoses, and prescriptions were tabulated. Children aged 1 to 10 years accounted for 31%, of humanitarian assistance visits. Females outnumbered males; in adults aged 21 to 30 years, the proportion was almost three to one. Most (97%) were initial encounters. Infectious and parasitic diseases, such as worms or scabies, accounted for 25% of diagnoses. At the fleet hospital, more than 80% of patients were males; these were most often older than 21 years. Injuries and aftercare procedures constituted 51.5% of diagnoses. Of 18,100 prescriptions, 57% were for anti-inflammatories, vitamins, or anti-parasitics. Implications for medical planning are described. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gauker, ED (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700002 PM 10826379 ER PT J AU Lill, JV Broughton, JQ AF Lill, JV Broughton, JQ TI Interfacial free energy calculations via virtual slip SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECTS; SOLIDS AB The computation of a solid-solid interfacial free energy requires the calculation of the work required to form the interface from the perfect crystal along any reversible pathway. The practical difficulty lies in finding a computational path connecting the perfect crystal to the defective crystal that is reversible. We present a method for calculating the interfacial free energy of any solid-solid interface defined geometrically by a slip on a specified crystallographic surface, for example, a stacking fault or an antiphase boundary. A non-physical pathway is defined using a 'virtual slip' of the system in which atoms can exist in two places at once. This avoids any 'hard collisions' between atoms, and assures that the pathway is reversible. This connects the perfect and defective crystals directly, as described by a given interatomic potential, without recourse to any harmonic approximations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20315 USA. RP Lill, JV (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/8/3/314 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323LU UT WOS:000087567500015 ER PT J AU Lill, JV Broughton, JQ AF Lill, JV Broughton, JQ TI Linear and nonlinear elasticity in atomistic simulations SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STATISTICAL ENSEMBLES; ANISOTROPIC SOLIDS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS AB The use of either linear or nonlinear elastic theory in deriving methodologies for atomistic simulations is shown to be based on two very different views of the interaction of the 'system' with the 'reservoir'. These views may be related through the definition of a phenomenological relaxation time, which describes how the reservoir responds to changes in stress of the system. A general procedure for introducing a finite relaxation time of the reservoir into atomistic simulations is described, and numerical results are presented which demonstrate how the linear and nonlinear simulations can be brought into agreement. A discussion of the underlying thermodynamic assumptions is given, and the benefits of using Nose-Hoover chains in simulating structural transformations are demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20315 USA. RP Lill, JV (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 357 EP 375 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/8/3/315 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323LU UT WOS:000087567500016 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Irmer, G Monecke, J Pederson, MR AF Kortus, J Irmer, G Monecke, J Pederson, MR TI Influence of cage structures on the vibrational modes and Raman activity of methane SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITE-Y; SIMULATIONS; CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS; SODIUM AB Melanophlogite is a naturally occurring SiO2-based clathrate structure which has the same structure of type I gas hydrates. Two types of voids are found in melanophlogite. Furthermore, as in the case of the gas hydrates, melanophlogite traps gas molecules within the voids. In this work we present a joint theoretical and experimental investigation of the CH4 Raman spectra associated with the enclathrated CH4 molecules. We find that the Raman intensities of the totally symmetric hydrogen stretch modes are significantly perturbed by the presence of the clathrate cage and show that the calculated Raman spectra may be used to determine the concentration and location of the enclathrated gas molecules. Relative to the gas-phase structure we identify two effects which are responsible for the change in intensity of the enclathrated molecules relative to the gas phase. The polarizibility of the surrounding cage acts to increase the Raman spectra of the stretch mode in the pentagondodecahedra cage. However, in the lower-symmetry tetrakaidecahedra cage, mixing between the hydrogen stretch mode and other optically silent molecular vibrations counteracts this effect and accounts for the different Raman intensities observed for the two types of voids. We suggest that similar calculations and experiments on the gas hydrates may provide an in situ diagnostic tool for determining the amount of natural gas contained within the gas hydrates on the sea floor. C1 Freiberg Univ Min & Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kortus, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/8/3/318 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 323LU UT WOS:000087567500019 ER PT J AU Vogl, O Rehman, AU Zarras, P AF Vogl, O Rehman, AU Zarras, P TI Polycationic salts V. N-15 NMR spectra of amines, ammonium salt monomers, and polymers of styrene based trialkylammonium salts SO MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE N-15 NMR spectroscopy; tertiary amines; quaternary ammonium salts; 2-ionene oligomers; polycationic salts AB N-15 NMR spectroscopy was found to be essential for the detailed characterization of tertiary amines, vinylbenzylammonium salts, and polymers derived from these compounds. it proved important for the characterization of low 2-ionene oligomers and vinylbenzylammonium salts derived thereof as well. The polymers of these novel monomers were also characterized and identified. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Polytech Univ, Metro Tech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Vogl, O (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-9247 J9 MONATSH CHEM JI Mon. Chem. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 131 IS 5 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1007/PL00010313 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 329JJ UT WOS:000087903600003 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, JE McAnelly, RL Cotton, WR AF Nachamkin, JE McAnelly, RL Cotton, WR TI Interactions between a developing mesoscale convective system and its environment. Part I: Observational analysis SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; GENERATED LEE VORTICES; FORCED GRAVITY-WAVES; SQUALL LINES; REAR-INFLOW; TROPICAL CONVECTION; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; COMPLEXES; COLORADO AB This paper is the first in a two part series in which the interactions between a growing mesoscale convective system (MCS) and its surrounding environment lire investigated. The system studied here developed in northeastern Colorado on 19 July 1993 and propagated into Kansas as a long lived nocturnal MCS. High-resolution dual-Doppler and surface mesonet data collected from this system are discussed in Part I, while the results of a numerical simulation are discussed in Part II. The observations show that organized mesoscale surface pressure and Row features appeared very early in the lifetime of this system, long before the development of any trailing stratiform precipitation. Most of the stratiform anvil advected ahead of the convective line in the strong upper-tropospheric westerlies. In accordance with this, most of the mid- and upper-tropospheric storm-relative flow behind the line remained westerly, or rear-re-front. Despite the westerlies. the strongest flow perturbations with respect to the ambient winds developed to the rear of the line. The structure of these perturbations was similar to the upper-tropospheric front-to-rear and midtropospheric rear-to-front hows typically found in more mature leading-line/trailing-stratiform systems. The presence of these perturbations on the upwind side of the convective line indicates that gravity wave propagation was primarily responsible for their development. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nachamkin, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1224 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1205:IBADMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319QC UT WOS:000087351800001 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, JE Cotton, WR AF Nachamkin, JE Cotton, WR TI Interactions between a developing mesoscale convective system and its environment. Part II: Numerical simulation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVES; MICROPHYSICAL EVOLUTION; FLORIDA CUMULONIMBUS; SQUALL LINES; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; CUMULUS CLOUDS; UNITED-STATES; REAR INFLOW; COMPLEXES; CIRCULATIONS AB The 19 July 1993 mesoscale convective system (MCS). discussed in Part I, was simulated using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The model was initialized with variable physiographic and atmospheric data with the goal of reproducing the convective system and its four-dimensional environment. Four telescopically nested, moving grids allowed for horizontal grid spacings down to 1.67 km on the cloud resolving grid. Comparisons with the analysis show that the propagation, evolution, and structure of this MCS were well simulated. The simulation is used to further investigate the interactions between this MCS and its surrounding environment. In Part I, the Doppler-derived winds indicated that upshear (westward) propagating gravity waves left upper tropospheric front-re-rear and midtropospheric rear-to-front flow perturbations in their wake. A similar flow structure developed in the simulated MCS, and unlike the Doppler results, the low-frequency waves that produced it were resolved in the data. In the simulation, much of the convectively generated temperature and momentum perturbations propagated westward with the waves, leaving a warm wake in the clear air trailing the system. Although the gravity waves traveled rearward, the perturbation flow in their wake was not strong enough to reverse the upper-tropospheric storm-relative winds. Thus, most of the anvil condensate advected ahead of the convective line. As the MCS encountered the low-level jet, the midtropospheric upward mass flux increased, but gravity wave motions became less detectable. The upper-tropospheric anvil pushed westward into the strong how as the system expanded into a characteristically oval shape. Temperature and momentum perturbations propagated rearward along with the anvil in a disturbance that resembled an advective outflow. Unlike the gravity waves, this disturbance became almost stationary with respect to the ground, and it retained its continuity through the rest of the simulation. Vertical cross sections indicate that a large slab of convectively processed air had detrained into the upper troposphere. Prior to this event, much of the warm temperature anomalies generated within the convective towers either remained in the updrafts, or propagated outward with the gravity waves. Early on, individual updrafts were relatively erect and although condensate did detrain eastward in the forward anvil. the temperature anomalies did not propagate with it. In contrast, convective updrafts associated with the expanding oval anvil disturbance were more continuous. and they tilted strongly westward with height. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nachamkin, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1244 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1225:IBADMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319QC UT WOS:000087351800002 ER PT J AU Liu, M Westphal, DL Holt, TR Xu, Q AF Liu, M Westphal, DL Holt, TR Xu, Q TI Numerical simulation of a low-level jet over complex terrain in southern Iran SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON CASCADE MOUNTAINS; DOWNSLOPE WINDS; MOMENTUM BALANCE; WESTERN SIDE; GAP; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM; PLAINS; ALASKA; WAVES AB The Lut Desert of iran is an elongated valley oriented north-northwest to south-southeast. The valley descends southward to the Jaz Murian dry lake through a pass. The Navy's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System is used to study a northerly low-level jet in the valley and across the dry lake. The dynamics of the jet are investigated with force balance and Froude numbers to determine the contribution of various mechanisms to the jet formation and maintenance. The jet is initiated as a channeled gap flow in the convergent topography of the Lut valley by the valley-parallel pressure gradients generated by the large-scale processes and by the presence of cold air over the valley's sloping terrain; The pressure gradient is mainly counteracted by the frictional force. The imbalance between them controls the intensity and persistence of the jet in the valley Farther south, the jet evolves into a downslope Row resembling a hydraulic jump on the steep slope of the dry lake. A transition of subcritical situation to supercritical faster flow is Found at the mountain crest between the Lut valley and dry lake. The depth of stably stratified cold layer, the static stability of upstream inversion, and magnitude of upstream winds all determine the jet configuration over the dry lake. The lee troughing over the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, as the large-scale inland flow crosses the coastal mountains, supports this low-level jet through the increased along-jet pressure gradient. The jet is also influenced by diurnal forcing, being strong at night and weak during daytime. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1309:NSOALL>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319QC UT WOS:000087351800006 ER PT J AU Hong, XD Chang, SW Raman, S Shay, LK Hodur, R AF Hong, XD Chang, SW Raman, S Shay, LK Hodur, R TI The interaction between Hurricane Opal (1995) and a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; MODEL; PREDICTION; GILBERT AB Hurricane Opal (1995) experienced a rapid, unexpected intensification in the Gulf of Mexico that coincided with its encounter with a warm core ring (WCR). The relative positions of Opal and the WCR and the timing of the intensification indicate strong air-sea interactions between the tropical cyclone and the ocean. To stud; the mutual response of Opal and the Gulf of Mexico, a coupled model is used consisting of a nonhydrostatic atmospheric component of the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), and the hydrostatic Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Modular Ocean Model version 2 (MOM 2). The coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere components of the model are accomplished by conservation of heat, salt, momentum. as well as the sensible and latent heat fluxes at the air-sea interface. The atmospheric model has two nests with spatial resolutions of 0.6 degrees and 0.2 degrees. The ocean model has a uniform resolution of 0.2 degrees. The oceanic model domain covers the Gulf of Mexico basin and coincides with a fine-mesh atmospheric domain of the COAMPS. The initial condition for the atmospheric component of COAMPS is the archived Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System operational global analysis, enhanced with observations. The initial ocean condition for the oceanic component is obtained from a 2-yr MOM 2 simulation with climatological forcing and fixed mass inflow into the Gulf. The initial state in the Gulf of Mexico consists of a realistic Loop Current and a shed WCR. The 72-h simulation of the coupled system starting from 1200 UTC 2 October 1995 reproduces the observed storm intensity with a minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) of 918 hPa, occurring at 1800 UTC 4 October, a 6-h delay compared to the observation. The rapid intensification to the maximum intensity and the subsequent weakening are not as dramatic as the observed. The simulated track is located slightly to the east of the observed track, placing it directly over the simulated WCR, where the sea surface temperature (SST) cooling is approx -imately 0.5 degrees C, consistent with buoy measurements acquired within the WCR. This cooling is significantly less over the WCR than over the common Gulf water due to the deeper and warmer layers in the WCR. Wind-induced currents of 150 cm s(-1) are similar to those in earlier idealized simulations, and the forced current field in Opal's wake is characterized by near-inertial oscillations superimposed on the anticyclonic circulation around the WCR Several numerical experiments are conducted to isolate the effects of the WCR and the ocean-atmosphere coupling. The major findings of these numerical experiments are summarized as follows. 1) Opal intensifies an additional 17 hPa between the times when Opal's center enters and exits the outer edge of the WCR. Without the WCR, Opal only intensifies another 7 hPa in the same period. 2) The maximum surface sensible and latent heat flux amounts to 2842 W m(-2). This occurs when Opal's surface circulation brings northwesterly flow over the SST gradient in the northwestern quadrant of the WCR. 3) Opal extracts 40% of the available heat capacity (temperature greater than 26 degrees C) from the WCR. 4)While the WCR enhances the tropical cyclone and ocean coupling as indicated by strong interfacial fluxes, it reduces the negative feedback. The negative feedback of the induced SST cooling to Hurricane Opal is 5 hPa. This small feedback is due to the relatively large heat content of the WCR, and the negative feedback is stronger in the absence of the WCR, producing a difference of 8 hPa in the MSLP of Opal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chang, SW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM simon.chang@nrl.navy.mil NR 53 TC 106 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1365 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1347:TIBHOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319QC UT WOS:000087351800008 ER PT J AU Burk, SD Haack, T AF Burk, SD Haack, T TI The dynamics of wave clouds upwind of coastal orography SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE SIMULATION; MORNING-GLORY; MARINE-LAYER; LEE WAVES; MODEL; FLOW; CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERE; MOISTURE; BORES AB The Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is used in conjunction with satellite observations and data from the Coastal Waves 1996 experiment to investigate the dynamics of unusual wave clouds that occur upwind and offshore of orographic features alone the California coast. Results indicate that supercritical Row within the marine boundary layer, interacting with blocking coastal orography, is forced to decelerate and an atmospheric bow shock forms. The: location and orientation of the COAMPS forecast shock matches well with the leading edge of the wave clouds in satellite imagery, and the modeled jump in boundary layer depth across the shock is in good agreement with the aircraft observations. In the parameter space of Froude number and jump strength that develops within the flow (observed and modeled), the shock manifests itself as an undular bore. On the innermost grid (Delta x = 1/3 km), long, lineal variations in the wind, temperature, and moisture fields are forecast to develop on the subcritical side of the shock front and the modeled wavelength of these perturbations is close to the observed similar to 4 km wavelength of the cloud lines. Their cellular structure and the quadrature between the vertical velocity and potential temperature lit lds strongly suggest that these are trapped internal gravity modes. Further, solutions to the Taylor-Goldstein in equation for stationary waves, using a model-computed Scorer parameter profile. provide a comparable estimate of similar to 3 km for a trapped. resonant wavelength, The subkilometer forecasts presented are the highest-resolution real data forecasts with COAMPS to date. Time-dependent outer boundary conditions are supplied to COAMPS by the Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System. The nonhydrostatic nature of the COAMPS model is essential to forecasting these nonhydrostatic, trapped waves. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meterol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meterol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM burk@nrimry.navy.mil NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1438 EP 1455 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1438:TDOWCU>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319QC UT WOS:000087351800013 ER PT J AU Young, GS Sikora, TD Winstead, NS AF Young, GS Sikora, TD Winstead, NS TI Inferring marine atmospheric boundary layer properties from spectral characteristics of satellite-borne SAR imagery SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE-LAYER; SEA-SURFACE; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; EVAPORATION DUCT; WIND STRESS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; SCATTEROMETER; TEMPERATURE; SCALES AB For the commonly observed range of air-sea temperature difference and surface wind speed, the static stability of the atmospheric Surface layer can have a significant effect on the mean surface stress and its turbulence-scale horizontal variability. While traditional satellite-borne scatterometers have insufficient horizontal resolution to map this turbulence-scale horizontal variability, satellite-borne synthetic aperture radars (SAR) can. This paper explores the potential for applying existing boundary layer similarity theories to these SAR-derived maps of turbulence-scale horizontal variability in air-sea stress. Two potential approaches for deriving boundary layer turbulence and stability statistics from SAR backscatter imagery are considered. The first approach employs Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, mixed layer similarity theory, and a SAR-based estimate of the atmospheric boundary layer depth to relate the ratio of the mean and standard deviation of the SAR-derived wind speed field to the stability of the atmospheric surface layer and th convective scale velocity of the atmospheric mixed layer. The second approach addresses these same goals by application of mixed layer similarity theory for the inertial subrange of the SAR-derived wind speed spectra. In both approaches, the resulting quantitative estimates of Monin-Obukhov and mixed layer scaling parameters are then used to make a stability correction to the SAR-derived wind speed and to estimate the surfaces buoyancy flux. The impact of operational and theoretical constraints on the practical utility of these two approaches is considered in depth. Calibration and resolution issues are Found to impose wind speed limits on the approaches applicability. The sensitivity of the two approaches' results to uncertainty in their nondimensional parameters is also discussed. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Young, GS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1506 EP 1520 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1506:IMABLP>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319QC UT WOS:000087351800017 ER PT J AU McWhite, JD AF McWhite, JD TI CVNX - Expanded capability baseline aircraft carrier design study SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Aircraft Carriership design study number 5, entitled "Expanded Capability Baseline," of the CVN X Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) (Part 3) ship design studies, represents the Navy's most capable and cost effective design to meet all of the Operational Requirements Document (ORD) objectives for CVN X This paper describes the overall ship design and provides insight into its key technologies and design innovations. With significant attention being placed on new manning reduction methods and in total life cycle cost (LCC) reduction efforts. It includes descriptions of key technology improvements like: "Pit Stop" aircraft servicing, improved below deck weapons movement, electric aircraft and weapon elevators, modular electronic spaces, centralized food service, and robotic inventory and stowage systems. Also covered are increased crew habitability, and optimized hull form and survivability features. Results address increased Flight Deck performance and construction and cost limitations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 24,Total Ship Syst Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McWhite, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 24,Total Ship Syst Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 112 IS 3 BP 47 EP 57 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 350ZG UT WOS:000089131100005 ER PT J AU Canning, JS AF Canning, JS TI CVNX: An element of the future battle force SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB CVNX 1 is scheduled to Initial Operating Capability (IOC) in 2013. By that time, many of the concepts just now being discussed will be considered Standard Operating Procedures. Just as today, where no carrier truly operates alone, but with supporting forces (some are ashore), the same will he true in the future. What will change will be the view of what we consider to be the battle force. CVNX 1 will likely find itself steaming without escorts on many occasions, but CVNX 1 will still be an element of a future battle force that could include tightly integrated support from Joint, National, and/or Allied assets. The problem we face is peering into the future to try to see what the complex tapestry of these new concepts really means to the operation of CVNX 1. We wish to do this so that we can design the ship to operate as a proper element of that tapestry, not only without ripping it, but to take best advantage of it. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Canning, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 112 IS 3 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 350ZG UT WOS:000089131100006 ER PT J AU Baker, W Brennan, SD Husni, M AF Baker, W Brennan, SD Husni, M TI Flight Deck design of the next generation aircraft carrier SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Navy's next generation aircraft carrier (CVNX) program has developed various new concept designs to improve upon the current Nimitz (CVN 68) class carrier. Significant changes in Flight Deck arrangement, operations processes, and advanced technology systems will provide an increase in aircraft sortie generation rate while decreasing manpower and cost. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Baker, W (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 112 IS 3 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 350ZG UT WOS:000089131100007 ER PT J AU Doyle, M Sulich, G Lebron, L AF Doyle, M Sulich, G Lebron, L TI The benefits of electromagnetically launching aircraft SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is being developed, utilizing electrical and electronic technologies, to replace the existing steam catapult on naval carriers. The EMALS offers significant benefits to the aircraft, ship, personnel, and operational capabilities. These benefits combine to provide enhanced warfighting capabilities at a reduced cost. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakhurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Doyle, M (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakhurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 112 IS 3 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 350ZG UT WOS:000089131100008 ER PT J AU Cavalieri, J Grasso, S Redfern, RC Schiller, TR Sillman, JH AF Cavalieri, J Grasso, S Redfern, RC Schiller, TR Sillman, JH TI Material handling issues for the 21st century SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper focuses on material handling as a "system of systems". U.S. Navy material handling issues are large, global and complex These issues greatly affect ship interoperability and mission now and in the future. Following a discussion of current material handling methods, future Fleet logistic system needs will be addressed. Additionally, the paper will show the requirement for considering material handling early in the ship's design phase and from a global perspective. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Hull & Deck Machinery Dept, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Cavalieri, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Hull & Deck Machinery Dept, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 112 IS 3 BP 83 EP 96 PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 350ZG UT WOS:000089131100009 ER PT J AU Arquilla, J AF Arquilla, J TI Screen saver - Preparing for cyberterrorism-badly. SO NEW REPUBLIC LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RAND, Informat Studies Grp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. RP Arquilla, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW REPUBLIC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 19TH ST NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0028-6583 J9 NEW REPUBLIC JI New Repub. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 222 IS 18 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 307LH UT WOS:000086654400015 ER PT J AU Colson, WB McGinnis, RD AF Colson, WB McGinnis, RD TI The free electron laser with inverse taper SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual International Conference on Free Electron Laser CY AUG 23-26, 1999 CL DESY, HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DEDSY, ACCEL Instruments GmbH, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, USN, Off Res, Lufthansa AG, Hansestadt Hamburg, Elsevier Sci BV, Vaccuumschmelze GmbH, Danfysik AS, Puls Plasmatechn GmbH HO DESY ID 2-COLOR OPERATION; UNDULATOR; FEL AB The undulator design determines the physics of the free electron laser interaction. In the tapered undulator, the resonant electron energy decreases along the undulator length in order to enhance gain and efficiency in strong optical fields. With inverse taper, the resonant electron energy increases along the undulator length. Surprisingly, gain and efficiency are also increased in strong optical fields. In addition, the resultant electron beam energy spread is decreased compared to both the tapered and untapered undulator. A reduction of the final electron beam energy spread is useful when recirculating the beam current as in the Jefferson Lab FEL. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyers Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 445 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00112-1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 319AY UT WOS:000087317900012 ER PT J AU Hartzell, DH Maskeroni, AJ Certosimo, FC AF Hartzell, DH Maskeroni, AJ Certosimo, FC TI Techniques in recording centric relation SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Dent Ctr, Adv Clin Program, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Hartzell, DH (reprint author), USN, Naval Post Grad Dent Sch, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3 BP 234 EP 236 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 312FE UT WOS:000086931900018 PM 11203822 ER PT J AU Qi, HR Snyder, WE Marchette, D AF Qi, HR Snyder, WE Marchette, D TI Efficient approach to segment man-made targets from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE automatic target recognition; Bezier histogram; curvature; mean field annealing; directional diffusion; image segmentation ID EDGE-DETECTION; NONLINEAR DIFFUSION AB A typical target recognition system usually involves three stages: image enhancement, image segmentation, and object identification. We propose an efficient image segmentation approach to segment man-made targets from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery using curvature information derived from image histogram smoothed by Bezier splines. The experimental results show that by enhancing the histogram instead of the original image, similar segmentation results can be obtained in a more efficient way. Algorithm complexity is analyzed. Segmentation results from images enhanced by variants of diffusion methods are also presented for comparison. Real-time automatic target recognition (ATR) is the main objective of the proposed approach. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01905-X]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Adv Comp & Commun, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Qi, HR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 319 Ferris Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1274 DI 10.1117/1.602493 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 313FZ UT WOS:000086990800022 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RB Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Carruthers, TF Duling, IN AF Jenkins, RB Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Carruthers, TF Duling, IN TI Cross-phase modulation and multiwavelength adiabatic solitons SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; SYSTEMS AB In an experimental demonstration of four-channel, wavelength-division-multiplexed repeaterless transmission over 235 km, adiabatic soliton propagation allows for precise spectral characterization of cross-phase modulation effects during initial soliton collisions. Theoretical predictions of the spectral shifts that occur are verified for ultrashort solitons. The relationship between the frequency shift and the initial pulse separation is confirmed by measurement of the bit-error ratio as the pulse spacing is varied at the fiber input. Adiabatic expansion of narrow solitons may help to alleviate the channel restrictions that are required for prevention of soliton collisions at the fiber input. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jenkins, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 9 BP 604 EP 606 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000604 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 307XU UT WOS:000086680100004 PM 18064124 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA TI Thermally activated flux motion under a distribution of activation energies SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euroconference on Vortex Matter in Superconductors at Extreme Scales and Conditions CY SEP 18-24, 1999 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP VORTEX, ESF DE flux motion; activation energy; flux pinning; thermal activation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INVERSION SCHEME; FILMS; CREEP; DEPENDENCE; RELAXATION; BARRIER; PHASE; DECAY AB We show that the model of collective pinning can be reconciled with a model of distribution of activation energies, in modeling thermally activated flux motion, in high-T-c superconductors. If the fluctuations from "average" behavior are small as expected, the form of this distribution can be estimated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2000 VL 332 IS 1-4 BP 292 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00689-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317UK UT WOS:000087245200053 ER PT J AU Forchel, A Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Reinecke, TL Kulakovskii, VD AF Forchel, A Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Reinecke, TL Kulakovskii, VD TI Semiconductor photonic molecules SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS9) CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL FUKUOKA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys DE semiconductors; photonic molecules ID INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; OPTICAL MODES; QUANTUM-WELLS; MICROCAVITIES; CRYSTALS; LASERS AB We have fabricated semiconductor photonic molecules based on microcavities with three-dimensional optical confinement. By connecting two or more microcavities by a semiconductor bridge structure, interaction between the optical modes of the individual microcavities can be observed. In the optical spectra the interaction leads to a splitting of the photonic ground state into an energetically favored and an energetically unfavored branch in analogy to the ground state of simple chemical molecules. By increasing the number of connected cavities, additional optical modes develop in the energy range of the fundamental and higher order modes of the individual structures. For systems with more than 10 connected microcavities, we observe a transition to a one-dimensional photonic crystal-like behavior. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Forchel, A (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Hubland, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 616 EP 624 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00396-3 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 319TH UT WOS:000087358100068 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Kuther, A Forchel, A Reinecke, TL Walck, SN AF Bayer, M Kuther, A Forchel, A Reinecke, TL Walck, SN TI Fine structure of excitons in self-assembled In0.60Ga0.40As quantum dots: Zeeman-interaction and exchange energy enhancement SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS9) CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL FUKUOKA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys ID GAAS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON AB The fine structure of the ground state exciton has been studied by magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy of self-assembled In0.60Ga0.40As single quantum dots. This was realized by using lithography for fabricating mesa structures which contain only a single dot. Due to a dot geometry-induced symmetry breaking we are able to observe the dark exciton states in magnetic field besides the bright excitons. From the spin-splitting data values for the corresponding exciton g-factors are obtained. In addition, the electron-hole exchange energies are determined, which are compared to detailed numerical calculations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97094 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97094 Wurzburg, Germany. EM mbayer@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 EI 1873-1759 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00363-X PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 319TH UT WOS:000087358100037 ER PT J AU Mei, WN Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Ossowski, MM Stokes, HT AF Mei, WN Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Ossowski, MM Stokes, HT TI Calculation of electronic, structural, and vibrational properties in alkali halides using a density-functional method with localized densities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC DEFORMATION MODEL; GAS THEORY; CHARGE-DENSITIES; IONIC-CRYSTALS; POTENTIALS; SOLIDS; POLARIZATION; MOLECULES AB A recently developed density-functional method based on localized densities is applied to calculate electronic, structural, and vibrational properties of 20 alkali halides with elements lithium through cesium and fluorine through iodine. Properties calculated include dissociation energy, lattice parameter, dielectric constant, elastic moduli, and phonon frequencies for the high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. Results are discussed and compared with experiment and other calculations. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RI Mei, Wai-Ning /B-1286-2013; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 17 BP 11425 EP 11431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.11425 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 312HN UT WOS:000086937700051 ER PT J AU Hellberg, CS Manousakis, E AF Hellberg, CS Manousakis, E TI Green's-function Monte Carlo for lattice fermions: Application to the t-J model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC HEISENBERG-MODEL; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SQUARE LATTICE; DIAGRAM; DENSITY; ENERGY AB We develop a general numerical method to study the zero-temperature properties of strongly correlated electron models on large lattices. The technique, which resembles Green's-function Monte Carlo, projects the ground-state component from a trial wave function with no approximations. We use this method to determine the phase diagram of the two-dimensional t-J model, using the Maxwell construction to investigate electronic phase separation. The shell effects of fermions on finite-sized periodic lattices are minimized by keeping the number of electrons fixed at a closed-shell configuration and varying the size of the lattice. Results obtained for various electron numbers corresponding to different closed shells indicate that the finite-size effects in our calculation are small. For any value of interaction strength, we find that there is always a value of the electron density above which the system can lower its energy by forming a two-component phase separated state. Our results are compared with other calculations on the t-J model. We find that the most accurate results are consistent with phase separation at all interaction strengths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20305 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 17 BP 11787 EP 11806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.11787 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 312HN UT WOS:000086937700096 ER PT J AU Fink, KS Johnson, G Carroll, T Mar, D Pecora, L AF Fink, KS Johnson, G Carroll, T Mar, D Pecora, L TI Three coupled oscillators as a universal probe of synchronization stability in coupled oscillator arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; BIFURCATIONS; ORBITS AB We show that the stability surface that governs the synchronization of a large class of arrays of identical oscillators can be probed with a simple array of just three identical oscillators. Experimentally this implies that it may be possible to probe the synchronization conditions of many arrays all at the same time. In the process of developing a theory of the three-oscillator probe, we also show that several regimes of asymptotic coupling can be derived for the array classes, including the case of large imaginary coupling, which apparently has not been explored. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fink, KS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 39 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 BP 5080 EP 5090 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.5080 PN A PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 314RH UT WOS:000087071000052 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Roberson, CW Sprangle, P AF Hafizi, B Roberson, CW Sprangle, P TI Ultrashort free-electron laser pulse SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CHANNELS; OPTICAL PULSES; SUPERRADIANCE; GAIN; PROPAGATION; AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATOR; PROFILE AB Three-dimensional characteristics of short free-electron laser pulses are analyzed. When the optical pulse length is short, the growth rate and optical guiding will vary among the Fourier components comprising the pulse. Matched beam solutions of the wave equation, including diffraction and nonparaxial effects, are discussed. in certain limits a front to back asymmetry develops along the pulse as well as a frequency spread across it. In these limits the asymmetry and the frequency spread are relatively small unless the number of optical cycles in the pulse approaches unity. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 BP 5779 EP 5783 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.5779 PN B PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 314RK UT WOS:000087071200045 ER PT J AU Flatte, ME Byers, JM AF Flatte, ME Byers, JM TI Spin diffusion in semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN; GAAS; HETEROSTRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES; COHERENCE; INJECTION; TRANSPORT AB The behavior of spin diffusion in doped semiconductors is shown to be qualitatively different than in undoped (intrinsic) ones. Whereas a spin packet in an intrinsic semiconductor must be a multiple-band disturbance, involving inhomogeneous distributions or both electrons and holes, in a doped semiconductor a single-band disturbance is possible. For n-doped nonmagnetic semiconductors the enhancement of diffusion due to a degenerate electron sea in the conduction band is much larger for these single-band spin packets than for charge packets-this explains the anomalously large spin diffusion recently observed in n-doped GaAs at 1.6 K. In n-doped ferromagnetic and semimagnetic semiconductors the motion of spin packets polarized antiparallel to the equilibrium carrier spin polarization is predicted to be an order of magnitude faster than for parallel polarized spin packets. These results are reversed for p-doped semiconductors. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flatte, ME (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 23 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 18 BP 4220 EP 4223 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4220 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 309YN UT WOS:000086797300051 ER PT J AU Farouk, B Oran, ES Fusegi, T AF Farouk, B Oran, ES Fusegi, T TI Numerical study of thermoacoustic waves in an enclosure SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION AB The behavior of thermoacoustic waves in a nitrogen-filled two-dimensional cavity is numerically studied in order to investigate how these waves may be used as an effective heat removal mechanism. The compressible, unsteady Navier-Stokes equations were solved for a series of initial conditions by combining a flux-corrected transport algorithm for convection with models for temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conduction. By considering a one-dimensional test problem and comparing the results to existing data, the accuracy of the present numerical method is verified. In the problems considered, the vertical walls of a cavity were heated or cooled to generate the thermoacoustic waves. Both impulsive and gradual changes of the wall temperatures were considered. When the vertical wall was heated impulsively and nonuniformly, the waves induced two-dimensional flows within the enclosure. The observed thermoacoustic waves oscillate and eventually decay due to viscous and heat dissipation. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(00)02505-8]. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nihon ESI KK, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Farouk, B (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2000 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1052 EP 1061 DI 10.1063/1.870360 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 303VT UT WOS:000086446000014 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G TI The compressible plane current-vortex sheet SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES; SHEAR-LAYER INSTABILITY; RESISTIVE TEARING MODE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; FLOWING PLASMA; SOLAR SURGES; VISCOSITY; EVOLUTION; RECONNECTION AB The plane current-vortex sheet is a magnetohydrodynamic configuration in which a vortex sheet lies at the location of an electric current sheet. Most previous research on this structure has focused on the incompressible situation. In this paper some effects of compressibility on the linear stability properties of the plane current-vortex sheet are examined. The relevant compressible equations are derived and then solved by a new magnetohydrodynamic extension of the SPEctral Compressible Linear Stability (SPECLS) algorithm, a Chebyshev collocation code. Of particular interest is an investigation of how the properties of the low sonic Mach number (M) analogs of previously investigated incompressible unstable modes vary as M is increased to supersonic values. It is found that, in general, the growth rates of these modes decrease as M increases. However, new unstable modes are found to appear at high M. These new modes, which have a finite phase velocity, are also found to be weakly evanescent and oscillatory in the cross-stream direction. Further data is presented on the influence of the streamwise and spanwise wave numbers, and also the Alfven number. The morphology of the perturbations is also discussed, with an emphasis on the temperature and mass density structure. A short discussion is also given of the effect of spatial variation of the zeroth-order temperature and mass density fields, a situation that would arise when magnetofluids with different thermodynamic properties are brought into contact with each other. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)00105-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1365 DI 10.1063/1.873952 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XY UT WOS:000086510800005 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Dahlburg, JP Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Phillips, L Cochran, FL Chong, YK Dimonte, G Metzler, N AF Velikovich, AL Dahlburg, JP Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Phillips, L Cochran, FL Chong, YK Dimonte, G Metzler, N TI Richtmyer-Meshkov-like instabilities and early-time perturbation growth in laser targets and Z-pinch loads SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; START-UP PHASE; SHOCK-WAVE; RAREFACTION WAVE; DRIVEN; MODEL; STABILITY; IMPLOSION AB The classical Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability develops when a planar shock wave interacts with a corrugated interface between two different fluids. A larger family of so-called RM-like hydrodynamic interfacial instabilities is discussed. All of these feature a perturbation growth at an interface, which is driven mainly by vorticity, either initially deposited at the interface or supplied by external sources. The inertial confinement fusion relevant physical conditions that give rise to the RM-like instabilities range from the early-time phase of conventional ablative laser acceleration to collisions of plasma shells (like components of nested-wire-arrays, double-gas-puff Z-pinch loads, supernovae ejecta and interstellar gas). In the laser ablation case, numerous additional factors are involved: the mass flow through the front, thermal conduction in the corona, and an external perturbation drive (laser imprint), which leads to a full stabilization of perturbation growth. In contrast with the classical RM case, mass perturbations can exhibit decaying oscillations rather than a linear growth. It is shown how the early-time perturbation behavior could be controlled by tailoring the density profile of a laser target or a Z-pinch load, to diminish the total mass perturbation seed for the Rayleigh-Taylor instability development. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)93305-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 66 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1671 DI 10.1063/1.873986 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XZ UT WOS:000086511000006 ER PT J AU Colombant, DG Bodner, SE Schmitt, AJ Klapisch, M Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Deniz, AV Obenschain, SP Pawley, CJ Serlin, V Weaver, JL AF Colombant, DG Bodner, SE Schmitt, AJ Klapisch, M Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y Deniz, AV Obenschain, SP Pawley, CJ Serlin, V Weaver, JL TI Effects of radiation on direct-drive laser fusion targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PLASMA; MODEL; INCOHERENCE; STABILITY; IGNITION; GROWTH AB The role played by radiation in the radiation-preheated direct-drive laser fusion target design is discussed. The soft x-rays emitted during the foot of the laser pulse-at a few 10(12) W/cm(2)-preheat the low-opacity foam ablator which helps to control the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The foam opacity is, however, thick enough to stop that radiation, keeping the fuel on a low adiabat. Radiation effects are also important in the blow-off corona of the target because they establish a long scale-length plasma. This may help to shield the ablation region from the nonuniformities in the laser absorption. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)92905-7]. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 20145 USA. USN, Lab Computat Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA 22310 USA. USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colombant, DG (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2046 EP 2054 DI 10.1063/1.874026 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XZ UT WOS:000086511000055 ER PT J AU Fisher, GH Fan, Y Longcope, DW Linton, MG Abbett, WP AF Fisher, GH Fan, Y Longcope, DW Linton, MG Abbett, WP TI Magnetic flux tubes inside the sun SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID SOLAR CONVECTION ZONE; ACTIVE REGIONS; EMERGING FLUX; EVOLUTION; ASYMMETRY; ROTATION; RINGS; MODEL; TILTS; LOOPS AB Bipolar magnetic active regions are the largest concentrations of magnetic flux on the Sun. In this paper, the properties of active regions are investigated in terms of the dynamics of magnetic flux tubes which emerge from the base of the solar convection zone, where the solar cycle dynamo is believed to operate, to the photosphere. Flux tube dynamics are computed with the "thin flux tube" approximation, and by using magnetohydrodynamics simulation. Simulations of active region emergence and evolution, when compared with the known observed properties of active regions, have yielded the following results: (1) The magnetic field at the base of the convection zone is confined to an approximately toroidal geometry with a field strength in the range 3-10 x 10(4) G. The latitude distribution of the toroidal field at the base of the convection zone is more or less mirrored by the observed active latitudes; there is not a large poleward drift of active regions as they emerge. The time scale for emergence of an active region from the base of the convection zone to the surface is typically 2-4 months. (2) The tilt of active regions is due primarily to the Coriolis force acting to twist the diverging flows of the rising flux loops. The dispersion in tilts is caused primarily by the buffeting of flux tubes by convective motions as they rise through the interior. (3) Coriolis forces also bend active region flux tube shapes toward the following (i.e., antirotational) direction, resulting in a steeper leg on the following side as compared to the leading side of an active region. When the active region emerges through the photosphere, this results in a more rapid separation of the leading spots away from the magnetic neutral line as compared to the following spots. This bending motion also results in the neutral line being closer to the following magnetic polarity. (4) The properties of the strongly sheared, flare productive delta-spot active regions can be accounted for by the dynamics of highly twisted Omega loops that succumb to the helical kink instability as they emerge through the solar interior. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)97305-1]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, HAO, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fisher, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fisher, George/G-1380-2015 OI Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2173 EP 2179 DI 10.1063/1.874050 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XZ UT WOS:000086511000071 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Danly, BG Garven, M Levush, B AF Calame, JP Danly, BG Garven, M Levush, B TI Studies of electronic noise in gyroklystrons SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID PHASE AB Direct measurements of phase noise in a four-cavity, 35 GHz gyroklystron producing 50 mu s pulses of 175-210 kW output power with 50-53 dB saturated gain are presented. The measurements were performed at a 10.7 MHz frequency offset from the carrier, where the noise is expected to be dominated by shot noise and where the extrinsic noise from the electron gun's pulsed power supply is manageable. At an operating point with 70 kV beam voltage, 9 A beam current, and a beam velocity ratio of 1.3, a phase noise of -149 +/- 1 dBc/Hz was measured during the production of 180 kW output power at 50 dB gain. At a higher beam current of 10 A, the measured phase noise was -146 +/- 1 dBc/Hz during production of a 200 kW output power carrier with 53 dB gain. The directly measured phase noise levels were generally within 2-3 dB of the values expected on the basis of carrier-free noise temperature measurements. Overall, the measured gyroklystron noise levels are similar to those of conventional klystrons. Also presented are analytic calculations of the growth rates expected for electrostatic cyclotron instabilities in the region between the electron gun and the input cavity in a previous three-cavity gyroklystron. Very modest perpendicular velocity spreads (rms greater than 2%) are found to completely suppress such noise growth. This lack of significant noise growth above that of bare shot noise is in agreement with experimental results. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)90405-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2180 EP 2185 DI 10.1063/1.874038 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XZ UT WOS:000086511000072 ER PT J AU Clark, TR Milchberg, HM AF Clark, TR Milchberg, HM TI Time-evolution and guiding regimes of the laser-produced plasma waveguide SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID WAVE-GUIDE; PREFORMED PLASMA; PULSES; CHANNEL; ACCELERATION; WAKEFIELD AB A brief review of experiments investigating the hydrodynamics and linear optical properties of laser-produced plasma fibers is presented. Time- and space-resolved interferometry measurements yield plasma density profiles, expansion speeds and temperature estimates, and the physical mechanisms behind their evolution are discussed. Based on the measured profiles and the results of guiding experiments, two distinct optical guiding and coupling regimes are identified. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)91905-0]. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Clark, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2192 EP 2197 DI 10.1063/1.874040 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 304XZ UT WOS:000086511000074 ER PT J AU Morton, TL Chock, R Long, KJ Bailey, S Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP AF Morton, TL Chock, R Long, KJ Bailey, S Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP TI Use of displacement damage dose in an engineering model of GaAs solar cell radiation damage SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT XVI) CY 1999 CL NASA GLENN RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OHIO HO NASA GLENN RES CTR ID PROTON AB In this study we have combined a method of calculating radiation induced damage to solar cells using Non-Ionizing Energy Loss (NIEL), with models of Ear rh orbiting radiation in arbitrary orbits, to assess the lifetime of solar cells. This paper provides a comparison of the NIEL technique to results from the JPL Radiation Handbook, and to actual space experimental damage results. In addition, we discuss ways of extending the calculation to newel solar cell materials, as well as environments outside of the Earth's orbit. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brook Pk, OH 44142 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Morton, TL (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brook Pk, OH 44142 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1002/1099-159X(200005/06)8:3<339::AID-PIP318>3.0.CO;2-V PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 330KZ UT WOS:000087962400007 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Hoffman, RH Stan, MA AF Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Hoffman, RH Stan, MA TI Effect of stoichometry on the radiation response of InxGa1-xAs solar cells SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT XVI) CY 1999 CL NASA GLENN RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OHIO HO NASA GLENN RES CTR AB The response of InxGa1-xAs solar cells of three different stoichimetries to proton irradiation is presented. In particular, the response of the In0.22Ga0.78As (band gap of 1.1 eV) cell recently developed by Essential Research Inc., which has attained record high efficiencies, is studied. The response of the ERI cell is shown to be Equivalent to that of a standard GaAs cell up to high irradiation levels. Overall, however, adding In to the GaAs lattice is found to generally reduce the cell radiation tolerance. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Essential Res Inc, Cleveland, OH 44122 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1002/1099-159X(200005/06)8:3<345::AID-PIP325>3.0.CO;2-D PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 330KZ UT WOS:000087962400008 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Freundlich, A Monier, C Newman, F AF Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Freundlich, A Monier, C Newman, F TI Radiation hard multi-quantum well InP/InAsP solar cells for space applications SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT XVI) CY 1999 CL NASA GLENN RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OH HO NASA GLENN RES CTR AB The effect of proton irradiation on the photovoltaic response of p-i-n InP solar cells that include an InP/InAsP multi-quantum well (MQW) layer in the intrinsic region is studied. Data from cells with three different quantum well structures are presented along with data fr om a control cell grown without MQW layer. The results show how the addition of the MQW's improves the solar energy conversion efficiency thereby allowing the base to be as thin a 1 mu m while still maintaining a good photocurrent, In addition, the radiation response of the MQW cells is shown to be equal to or better than the InP control cell. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rwalters@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 330KZ UT WOS:000087962400009 ER PT J AU Owings, S Borck, R AF Owings, S Borck, R TI Legislative professionalism and government spending: Do citizen legislators really spend less? SO PUBLIC FINANCE REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STATES AB In this article, the authors consider the effect of legislative professionalism on state government spending. Arguments are examined for why citizen legislatures should have systematically different spending patterns than professional ones. (Ising data from the U.S. states, the authors find that state government expenditure per capita is significantly lower the less professionalized the stare legislature. They conclude that reducing legislative professionalism is one of the instruments citizens may use to contain the growth of government. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany. RP Owings, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0048-5853 J9 PUBLIC FINANC REV JI Public Financ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 210 EP 225 PG 16 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 310YB UT WOS:000086856200004 ER PT J AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR TI Terrain topography measurement using multipass polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC SAR AB A method has been investigated for the measurement of topography using airborne fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Terrain slopes in both the range and azimuthal directions have been estimated using multipass flight geometries. Using these slope values, the Poisson equation was then solved to create a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the terrain topography. The method measures polarimetric orientation angles which are then converted into terrain slopes in the azimuthal direction. The conversion of these orientation angles into terrain slopes requires additional knowledge of the radar look angle and the range direction terrain slopes. The solution for slopes is, therefore, a problem coupled between the range and azimuthal directions. For specialized multipass flight geometries these orthogonal terrain slopes are solved for, and maps of terrain slopes are produced. In particular, the processing of two-pass orthogonal and two-pass antiparallel (headings Theta and Theta+ 180 degrees) NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne SAR data sets has been carried out for an area in central California. When orthogonal slopes are derived using either of these data sets, a digital elevation model may be generated. The L band, polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) DEM created by this solution is compared to a coregistered C band, interferometric SAR (IFSAR) DEM. Similar comparisons are made for terrain slopes in the azimuthal - range directions which are generated by the POLSAR and IFSAR elevation data. The polarimetric SAR, operating from an aircraft, or satellite, in a strip-mapping mode, is capable of measuring terrain topography for large areas provided that phase-preserving fully polarimetric data are taken. Polarimetric SAR data are also widely used for studies of crop classification, surface roughness, biomass density, and soil moisture content. All of these studies are adversely affected by scattering changes attributable to topography. The technique investigated here potentially offers a means to correct for these effects by making simultaneous, coregistered estimates of local orthogonal terrain slopes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 813 EP 832 DI 10.1029/1999RS002266 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 320AB UT WOS:000087377700013 ER PT J AU Talanov, VV Mercaldo, LV Anlage, SM Claassen, JH AF Talanov, VV Mercaldo, LV Anlage, SM Claassen, JH TI Measurement of the absolute penetration depth and surface resistance of superconductors and normal metals with the variable spacing parallel plate resonator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE LOSS MEASUREMENTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC RESONATOR; TRANSMISSION-LINE; IMPEDANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; ANISOTROPY; THICKNESS; FREQUENCY AB The variable spacing parallel plate resonator (VSPPR) is a microwave transmission line resonator with a continuously variable thickness of the dielectric spacer between the superconducting or metallic plates, filled by cryogenic liquid or vacuum. We measure the dielectric spacer thickness dependencies of the resonator frequency and quality factor, and fit them to theoretical forms, in order to extract the absolute values of penetration depth, lambda, and surface resistance, R-s. A cryogenic micropositioning setup is developed to vary the spacer thickness from 0 to 100 mu m with a resolution of 8.5 nm, and to maintain parallelism of the resonator plates. Measurement of ac capacitance between the plates is utilized to directly determine the separation between the resonator plates and to reduce the effect of their tilt and nonflatness on the accuracy of the measured R-s and lambda. Because the operating temperature is fixed (77 K), the result for a superconductor is independent of an a priori model for the penetration depth versus temperature. This technique can also be employed as a surface impedance standard for characterization of high temperature superconducting films for microwave applications. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(00)03605-4]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy. RP Talanov, VV (reprint author), Neocera Inc, 10000 Virginia Manor Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 2136 EP 2146 DI 10.1063/1.1150596 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 309XJ UT WOS:000086794300037 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI The underpublishing of science and technology results SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 9 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 309PC UT WOS:000086775800007 ER PT J AU Guarda, S AF Guarda, S TI Gottfried Benn's metaphysical search for a mother: "Eine Sturzgeburt-nach-innen" SO SEMINAR-A JOURNAL OF GERMANIC STUDIES LA German DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guarda, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0037-1939 J9 SEMINAR-J GER STUD JI Semin.-J. Ger. Stud. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 194 EP 210 DI 10.3138/sem.v36.2.194 PG 17 WC Literature, German, Dutch, Scandinavian SC Literature GA 313GP UT WOS:000086992200003 ER PT J AU Gaberson, HA Pal, D Chapler, RS AF Gaberson, HA Pal, D Chapler, RS TI Classification of violent environments that cause equipment failure SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A series of tests was conducted to evaluate transient motion analysis methods in order to determine which is the best indicator of the capacity of the motion to cause failure of facilities' equipment. Previous work(1,2) has proven that the pseudovelocity shock spectrum should be used to evaluate violent motion severity. This experimental research provides additional evidence. Six blowers were exposed to six different violent loadings, each could be progressively increased until the blower failed. Five blowers did indeed fail. The time histories were recorded and analyzed by four methods - Fourier transform magnitude, pseudovelocity and acceleration shock spectra and peak g levels. The analysis that does the best job is the damped shock spectrum plotted with pseudovelocity as the ordinate on four coordinate paper. It shows the five failure causing environments to be similar and the sixth environment weaker. This article describes the tests, illustrates different ways in which the blowers failed and discusses the data analyses. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. Tech Consulting, Oxnard, CA USA. RP Gaberson, HA (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 0038-1810 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 34 IS 5 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 324GD UT WOS:000087612700005 ER PT J AU Hartford, JM McCullen, GM Harris, R Brown, CC AF Hartford, JM McCullen, GM Harris, R Brown, CC TI The iliolumbar ligament - Three-dimensional volume imaging and computer reformatting by magnetic resonance: A technical note SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE iliolumbar; ligament; MRI ID LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION; STABILITY; ANATOMY AB Study Design. An assessment of magnetic resonance imaging techniques of the iliolumbar ligament. Objectives. To identify a technique to better image the ilioiumbar ligament. Summary of Background Data. The iliolumbar ligament plays an important role in providing lumbosacral stability. Two-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine only provides a fragmented representation of the ligament. Methods. A two-part study was performed. In the first part, three cadaver pelvi were dissected, and the individual bands of the iliolumbar ligament were identified. Computer reformatting of magnetic resonance three-dimensional volume images then were performed, correlating the structural characteristics of the iliolumbar ligament to its magnetic resonance image. In the second part of the study, the lumbosacral region of three groups of patients were evaluated. Group I was studied with routine magnetic resonance imaging techniques of the intervertebral disc regions. Group II was studied with routine contiguous axial magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine. Group III was studied with computer reformatting of three-dimensional volume images of the lumbosacral spine. Results. Accurate imaging of the iliolumbar ligament of cadaver specimens was achieved with three-dimensional volume imaging and computer reformatting. Routine imaging of the intervertebral disc region as well as contiguous axial imaging of the spine depicted only limited segments of the iliolumbar ligament. Three-dimensional volume imaging and computer reformatting allowed precise imaging of the iliolumbar ligament in all patients, demonstrating the ligament orientation as well as length, width, and depth. Conclusion. Only images of the iliolumbar ligament obtained th rough computer reformatting of th ree-dimensional volume averaging from L3 to the sacral ala correlated with the ligament's structural characteristics. C1 Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Orthopaed Surg, Kentucky Clin K401, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, Div Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Sect Orthopaed Surg, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Hartford, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Orthopaed Surg, Kentucky Clin K401, 740 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1098 EP 1103 DI 10.1097/00007632-200005010-00010 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 313BJ UT WOS:000086978200009 PM 10788854 ER PT J AU Kosman, C Steiner, N Pulyaeva, H Mitton, W Slack, R Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK AF Kosman, C Steiner, N Pulyaeva, H Mitton, W Slack, R Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Hurley, CK TI The relationship between HLA-B45 and B*5002 in the five major US population groups SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE HLA-B45; sequence-based typing; subtyping; allele frequency ID HLA-B; ALLELES; HLA-B-ASTERISK-5002; FREQUENCIES; ANTIGENS AB The antigen encoded by B*5002 differs in sequence from that encoded by B*5001 only at amino acid residue 167 (consensus tryptophan vs, serine) which results in B45 serologic reactivity. To search for B*5002, the frequencies of alleles encoding the serologically defined B45 antigen were determined by sequence-based typing in 5 major U.S. populations: Caucasians, African Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans, The percent of serologically defined B45-positive individuals in the 5 populations ranged from 0.7-9.0%. Thirty-two B45-positive individuals were randomly chosen, when available, for sequence-based typing from each ethnic group from a database of 82,979 consecutively typed unrelated individuals. The B*5002 allele was most prevalent in Hispanic (22%) and Caucasian (9%) individuals, while conspicuously absent in African Americans. In addition, a new allele associated with the B45 antigenic specificity, B*4502, has been identified from an African American individual of Middle Eastern descent. In light of the continuing need to reconcile differences between relationships determined by the sequence homologies among alleles and relationships based on the serologic determinants carried by allelic products when determining the level of HLA match for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it is suggested that B*5002 be recognized individually from other B*50 alleles when reporting HLA-B typings for clinical purposes. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA-51008] NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2000 VL 55 IS 5 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550506.x PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 319WJ UT WOS:000087366100006 PM 10885564 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Saygh, AA Shade, JE Rheingold, AL Yap, GPA Lable-Sands, LM AF Bitterwolf, TE Saygh, AA Shade, JE Rheingold, AL Yap, GPA Lable-Sands, LM TI Synthesis and photochemistry of ring-coupled heterobimetallic compounds of ruthenium. The molecular structures of RuM(CO)(5)(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CR2C5H4), where M = Mo, R = CH3; M = W, R = H, [Ru(CO)(2)][Mo(CO)(3)Cl](mu-eta(5),eta(1):eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H3) and [W(CO)(3)][Ru(CO)(2)Cl](mu-eta(5),eta(1):eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H3) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE heterobimettallic compounds; ruthenium complexes; molecular structures; photochemistry ID DINUCLEAR METAL CENTERS; HETERODINUCLEAR COMPLEXES; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; LIGAND AB Reaction of the versatile reagent Ru(CO)(2)(mu-eta(5), eta(1)-C5H4CR2C5H4), where R = H or CH3, with M(CO)(6) or M(CO)(3)(CH3CN)(3), where M = Mo or W, yields bimetallic compounds of the form RuM(CO)(5)(mu-eta(5),eta(5)-C5H4CR2C5H4) in excellent yield, while reaction with Fe(CO)(5) yields RuFe(CO)(2)(mu-CO)(2)[mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4] in excellent yield. Reaction with Ni(CO)(4) yields thermally unstable RuNi(CO)(3)[mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4]. These compounds have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies, and, with the exception of the Ru/Ni compound, elemental analysis. Photolysis of RuMo(CO)(5)[mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4] in the presence of triphenylphosphine yields both of the simple mono-carbonyl substitution products with the phosphine on Ru and Mo. Photolysis of the derivative with phosphine bound to the molybdenum yields [Ru(sigma-C6H5)(CO)][Mo(CO)(2)][mu-P(C6H5)(2)](mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4)[Ru- Mo]. Photolysis of RuFe(CO)(2)(mu-CO)(2)[mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4] with triphenylphosphine yields [Ru(CO)]{Fe[P(C6H5)(3)]}(mu-CO)(2)[mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4][Ru-Fe]. Photolysis of the Ru/Mo and Ru/W heterobimetallic compounds in deuterobenzene established that two metal-hydride species were formed, one whose chemical shift was characteristic of a CpRu(CO)(2)H and the second typical of a CpM(CO)(3)H. Photolysis of the Ru/Mo and Ru/W compounds in 20% chloroform in benzene followed by chromatography of the reaction mixtures permitted isolation of the isomeric photoproducts as their chloride derivatives. IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of these compounds established them to have 'twist' structures in which one cyclopentadienyl ring is eta(1) to one of the metals and eta(5) to the second. The molecular structures of four compounds were determined: RuMo(CO)(5)[mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4C(CH3)(2)C5H4]: monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 9.608(3), b = 12.613(4), c = 14.367(5) Angstrom, beta = 97.59(2)degrees, V = 1738.0(9) Angstrom(3), z = 4, R-F = 3.53. RuW(CO)(5)(mu-eta(5), eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H4): monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 14.232(5), b = 7.833(3), c = 13.771(5) Angstrom, beta = 93.22(3)degrees, V = 1533(1) Angstrom(3), z = 4, R-F = 3.88. [Mo(CO)(3)][Ru(CO)(2)Cl](mu-eta(5), eta(1): eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H3): monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 10.259(9), b = 12.666(5), c = 13.451(5(5) Angstrom, beta = 109.85(4)degrees, V = 1641(1) Angstrom(3), z = 4, R-F = 2.72. [Ru(CO)(2)][W(CO)(3)Cl](mu-eta(5), eta(1):eta(5)-C5H4CH2C5H3): monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 12.793(3), b = 9.485(2), c = 13.450(2) Angstrom, beta = 94.56(1)degrees, V = 1626.8(6) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, R-F = 3.67. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM bitterte@uidaho.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD APR 30 PY 2000 VL 300 BP 800 EP 809 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00588-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 320WA UT WOS:000087422800094 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Robust variational fitting: Gaspar's variational exchange can accurately be treated analytically SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE robust variational fitting; Gaspar's variational exchange; density functional theory ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; X ALPHA METHOD; LINEAR-COMBINATION; TOTAL ENERGY; CONQUER APPROACH; BASIS-SETS; APPROXIMATIONS; MOLECULES; RI-MP2 AB Efficient density-functional calculations require the Kohn-Sham potential be fitted to a linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals form. This approximation is completely consistent with the very high accuracy associated with traditional quantum chemistry provided the approximations are treated variationally, i.e. in a way that is compatible with the variational principle, Robust fits correct the energy through first order in the fitting error, thereby allowing variational determination of the fits as well as the orbitals. Robust variational fitting is reviewed for the Coulomb problem. Robust variational resolution-of-the-identity fitting methods are derived for use in all nondensity-functional ab initio calculations. Robust variational fitting of the interaction between any two charge distributions is derived for density functional calculations. A robust, variational, divide-and-conquer treatment of the Gaspar-Kohn-Sham potential is developed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 28 PY 2000 VL 501 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00433-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 322ZY UT WOS:000087541100027 ER PT J AU Kushto, GP Iizumi, Y Kido, J Kafafi, ZH AF Kushto, GP Iizumi, Y Kido, J Kafafi, ZH TI A matrix-isolation spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) and tris(4-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIATOMIC IRON; SOLID ARGON; FILMS; ALUMINUM; SPECTRA; ALQ(3) AB Infrared and photoluminescence spectra of matrix-isolated and thin-film samples (both at 11 K) of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) (Alq(3)) and tris(4-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Almq(3)) were collected and compared to vibrational spectra generated by B3LYP based density functional calculations. The present infrared spectral results suggest that both Alq(3) and Almq(3) exist primarily in the meridional or C-1 isomeric form with little or no spectral evidence for the presence of the alternate, facial (C-3 symmetry) geometric isomer. In addition, photoluminescence spectra of these molecules isolated in an argon matrix show vibronic structure in the emission band associated with the S-1 --> S-0 transition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Yamagata Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. RP Kushto, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI KIDO, Junji/H-3049-2012 NR 33 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 16 BP 3670 EP 3680 DI 10.1021/jp993883t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 329GZ UT WOS:000087900400029 ER PT J AU Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF AF Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Shlesinger, MF TI Predicting peptide-receptor, peptide-protein, and chaperone-protein binding using patterns in amino acid hydrophobic free energy sequences SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GLOBULAR PROTEINS; MODE MATCHES; EIGENFUNCTIONS; TRANSFORMATION; POLYPEPTIDES; RECOGNITION; MEMBERSHIPS; CHARACTER; DYNAMICS; FAMILIES AB Much of the current study of protein organization is aimed at understanding emergent polymeric structure in three rather than one dimensions. This is largely because the weak bonds between amino acid side chains in one-dimensional peptide heteropolymers that determine their equilibrium tertiary structures involve large loop interactions between sequentially distant sites. For this reason, searches for sequential patterns seem intuitively irrelevant even though the coding for 3D protein structure is present in the 1D peptide chain, On the other hand, we have found that there are particular circumstances in which matches in sequential patterns in amino acid side chain thermodynamic properties postdict signatory modularity in the tertiary structure of protein families and polypeptide-protein interactions, such as peptide-receptor, peptide-membrane transporter, nuclear factor-protein docking, and chaperone-protein binding. Here we describe and justify our computational approach to matching sequential organization, with examples from experimentally demonstrable, polypeptide-protein interactions. Using established values for each amino acid's hydrophobic free energy, "hydrophobicity", in kcal/mol, derived from their normalized free energy of transfer from nonpolar to polar bulk phases of binary solutions,(34) we study the variations in hydrophobicity along primary sequences and seek matching patterns among them. We analyze this discrete data series using the all-poles power spectrum for shorter polypeptides. For longer polypeptides and proteins, including membrane receptors, relevant protein domains, nuclear factors, and chaperones, we first decompose the data using autocovariance matrices into orthogonal eigenvectors, compose these eigenvectors with the original series to generate eigenfunctions, and then compute their power spectra. We show examples of sequential pattern-matched peptides that postdict binding of a non-peptide (estrogen) receptor, protein (calcineurin) binding to its T-cell nuclear factor (NFAT) docking site, and chaperone (GroEL) binding to one of its target enzyme proteins (beta-lactamase). Polypeptide sequences and the associated proteins that bind them share distinguishing spectral features in their all poles power spectrum. This approach achieves practical significance because inversion of these analytic methods are now being used to successfully design de novo peptides which demonstrated their predicted physiological activity. C1 Cielo Inst, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mandell, AJ (reprint author), Cielo Inst, 486 Sunset Dr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 16 BP 3953 EP 3959 DI 10.1021/jp993810+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 329GY UT WOS:000087900200029 ER PT J AU Becker, BN Jacobson, LM Hullett, DA Becker, YT Oberley, TD Kirk, AD AF Becker, BN Jacobson, LM Hullett, DA Becker, YT Oberley, TD Kirk, AD TI Type 2 angiotensin II receptor mRNA expression in human renal allografts is associated with chronic rejection. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Immun Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 1106 BP S400 EP S400 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911801104 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Xu, H Burkly, LC Berning, JD Baumgartner, RE Kampen, RL Patterson, NB Tadaki, DK Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Elster, EA Xu, H Burkly, LC Berning, JD Baumgartner, RE Kampen, RL Patterson, NB Tadaki, DK Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Primary skin allograft acceptance with anti-CD154 in a non-human primate model. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 493 BP S239 EP S239 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800491 ER PT J AU Hausen, B Klupp, J Hook, LE Christians, U Baumgartner, RE Friedrich, S Celnicker, A Morris, RE AF Hausen, B Klupp, J Hook, LE Christians, U Baumgartner, RE Friedrich, S Celnicker, A Morris, RE TI Coadministration of either microemulsion cyclosporine or steroids with humanized monoclonal antibodies against the B7-1 and B7-2 epitopes successfully prolong allograft survival after life supporting renal transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Tech Serv Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 47 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800048 ER PT J AU Kirk, AD Tadaki, DK Xu, H Elster, EA Burkley, LC Celniker, A Batty, DS Baumgartner, RE Berning, JD Fechner, JH Kampen, RL Knechtle, SJ Patterson, NB Swanson, SJ Harlan, DM AF Kirk, AD Tadaki, DK Xu, H Elster, EA Burkley, LC Celniker, A Batty, DS Baumgartner, RE Berning, JD Fechner, JH Kampen, RL Knechtle, SJ Patterson, NB Swanson, SJ Harlan, DM TI Primate allotransplantation using costimulation blockade. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; Fechner, John/C-5962-2016 OI Fechner, John/0000-0002-8220-7237 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 1156 BP S414 EP S414 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911801154 ER PT J AU Xu, H Arnaud, F Tadaki, DK Burkly, LC Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Xu, H Arnaud, F Tadaki, DK Burkly, LC Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Human platelets activate porcine endothelial cells through a CD154 dependent mechanism. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 1045 BP S384 EP S384 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911801043 ER PT J AU Xu, H Tadaki, DK Blair, PJ Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Xu, H Tadaki, DK Blair, PJ Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Porcine endothelium costimulates human T cells in the absence of human antigen presenting cells (APCs). SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 566 BP S258 EP S258 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800564 ER PT J AU Pangilinan, GI Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP AF Pangilinan, GI Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP TI Temperature measurements of a thermal wave at static high pressures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; CONDUCTIVITY; SOLIDS; HEAT AB Experiments probing the dynamics of a thermal wave in a material compressed at static high pressures are presented. The method involves launching a thermal wave in a sample compressed in an anvil cell and monitoring the temporal profile of temperature at a fixed point downstream. A pulsed laser incident on a metal foil provides the thermal wave, while fluorescence from a small ruby sphere yields the time-resolved temperature. Results from compressed NaCl show that temperature rises quickly and decays much more slowly, consistent with the expected heat flow. This temporal profile evaluated with a numerical solution of the heat-conduction equation or an analytical approximation provides values for thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity at pressures to 1.7 GPa. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01517-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pangilinan, GI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 24 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 17 BP 2460 EP 2462 DI 10.1063/1.126376 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 305KJ UT WOS:000086538700046 ER PT J AU Nelson, DH Walters, DL MacKerrow, EP Schmitt, MJ Quick, CR Porch, WM Petrin, RR AF Nelson, DH Walters, DL MacKerrow, EP Schmitt, MJ Quick, CR Porch, WM Petrin, RR TI Wave optics simulation of atmospheric turbulence and reflective speckle effects in CO2 lidar SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PHASE-SCREEN; RANDOM-MEDIA; PROPAGATION; BEAM; SCINTILLATION; STATISTICS; BACKSCATTER; IRRADIANCE AB Laser speckle can influence lidar measurements from a diffuse hard target. Atmospheric optical turbulence will also affect the lidar return signal. We present a numerical simulation that models the propagation of a lidar beam and accounts for both reflective speckle and atmospheric turbulence effects. Our simulation is based on implementing a Huygens-Fresnel approximation to laser propagation. A series of phase screens, with the appropriate atmospheric statistical characteristics, are used to simulate the effect of atmospheric turbulence. A single random phase screen is used to simulate scattering of the entire beam from a rough surface. We compare the output of our numerical model with separate CO2 lidar measurements of atmospheric turbulence and reflective speckle. We also compare the output of our model with separate analytical predictions for atmospheric turbulence and reflective speckle. Good agreement was found between the model and the experimental data. Good agreement was also found with analytical predictions. Finally, we present results of a simulation of the combined effects on a finite-aperture lidar system that are qualitatively consistent with previous experimental observations of increasing rms noise with increasing turbulence level. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nelson, DH (reprint author), Raytheon Co, Bldg 801,MS E6A,POB 11337, Tucson, AZ 85734 USA. EM dnelson1@notes.west.raytheon.com; rrp@lanl.gov NR 54 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1857 EP 1871 DI 10.1364/AO.39.001857 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 306LQ UT WOS:000086598500001 PM 18345082 ER PT J AU Franks, A Durant, P Baumgartner, R Tadaki, D Perrin, P Bartlett, M Lee, K AF Franks, A Durant, P Baumgartner, R Tadaki, D Perrin, P Bartlett, M Lee, K TI In vivo evidence for the requirement of T cell costimulation in the pathogenesis of Pneumocystis carnii pneumonia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Command, Bethesda, MD USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 SU S BP A980 EP A980 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 307FQ UT WOS:000086643100403 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Webb, E Giermakowska, WK Jensen, FC Savary, JR Wallace, MR Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Webb, E Giermakowska, WK Jensen, FC Savary, JR Wallace, MR Carlo, DJ TI HIV-1 specific CD4 helper function in chronic HIV-1 infection on antiviral drug therapy as measured by ELISPOT after treatment with an inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 in incomplete Freund's adjuvant SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 SU S BP A941 EP A941 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 307FQ UT WOS:000086643100170 ER PT J AU Pimtanothai, N Rizzuto, GA Slack, R Steiner, N Kosman, CA Jones, PF Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Pimtanothai, N Rizzuto, GA Slack, R Steiner, N Kosman, CA Jones, PF Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI The diversity of alleles encoding HLA-B40: The relative frequencies in US populations and description of 5 novel alleles SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Microbiol, Washington, DC USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 SU S BP A1197 EP A1197 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 307FQ UT WOS:000086643101680 ER PT J AU Green, JBD Lee, GU AF Green, JBD Lee, GU TI Atomic force microscopy with patterned cantilevers and tip arrays: Force measurements with chemical arrays SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TAPPING-MODE; FILMS; ADHESION; FRICTION; MOLECULES; EVENTS AB Interactions between molecules and at interfaces are vital to many scientific and technological fields. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to measure forces and force gradients associated with interactions between individual molecules as well as interactions between interfaces. A recent alteration of the AFM configuration combined a tipless cantilever with an array of substrate supported tips. Herein, we present a further extension of AFM force measurement capabilities, by chemically patterning both the cantilever and the tip array. In a proof-of-concept experiment a gold-coated cantilever and tip array were patterning with alkylthiolate monolayers, and the interfacial forces were measured for the various combinations. This patterning allows many different interactions to be rapidly measured in situ, under identical conditions, thereby improving reliability and opening the door to combinatorial applications. Future developments are discussed including the means to measure hundreds of different interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Lee, GU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 18 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 8 BP 4009 EP 4015 DI 10.1021/la991533s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 304LA UT WOS:000086484100060 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Mani, SS Agarwal, AK AF Saks, NS Mani, SS Agarwal, AK TI Interface trap profile near the band edges at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The transconductance of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is typically much lower in devices fabricated on the 4H-SiC polytype compared to 6H. It is believed that this behavior is caused by extreme trapping of inversion electrons due to a higher density of traps D-it at the SiC/SiO2 interface in 4H-SiC. Here we present an approach for profiling D-it versus energy in the band gap using a modified capacitance-voltage technique on large-area MOSFETs. We find that D-it increases towards the conduction band edge E-c in both polytypes, and that D-it is much higher in 4H- compared to 6H-SiC for devices fabricated in the same process lot. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00516-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 16 BP 2250 EP 2252 DI 10.1063/1.126311 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 302YG UT WOS:000086393600035 ER PT J AU Dolk, DR AF Dolk, DR TI Integrated model management in the data warehouse era SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE decision support systems; modeling; optimisation; software; systems ID DECISION-SUPPORT; ENVIRONMENTS; SYSTEMS AB Integrated modeling environments have historically been viewed as extensions of database management systems. Now that the WorldWideWeb has commandeered the computing landscape, a distributed perspective is required for model management. Our approach to distributed integrated modeling combines a data warehouse of decision metrics, a model warehouse of decision model structural representations, a conversion process to represent models in object-oriented form using the unified modeling language (UML), and component-based software plug-ins which augment typical cross-tabulations analysis with more sophisticated solvers from optimization, statistics, and other modeling paradigms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dolk, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code Sm-Dk,Room 231,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD APR 16 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 199 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00229-5 PG 20 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 286HD UT WOS:000085436800004 ER PT J AU Feist, DG Aellig, CP Kampfer, N Solomon, PM Barrett, JW Zoonematkermani, S Hartogh, P Jarchow, C Waters, JW AF Feist, DG Aellig, CP Kampfer, N Solomon, PM Barrett, JW Zoonematkermani, S Hartogh, P Jarchow, C Waters, JW TI Validation of stratospheric ClO measurements from the Millimeter-wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; CHLORINE MONOXIDE; ERROR ANALYSIS; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; RESEARCH SATELLITE; OZONE MEASUREMENTS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; ARCTIC WINTER; INSTRUMENT AB During three missions in 1992, 1993, and 1994, the Millimeter-wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS) measured volume mixing ratio profiles of stratospheric chlorine monoxide (ClO) at 204 GHz from the space shuttle. Owing to the space shuttle orbit, measurements were restricted to tropical and midlatitudes. We compared zonal mean profiles to correlative ClO measurements by an airborne 649 GHz radiometer, a groundbased 278 GHz instrument on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and Version 4 ClO profiles by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The agreement between MAS and all the other instruments was well within the combined error bars over a pressure range of 0.4-40 hPa. Further comparisons of MAS and MLS day-night difference profiles produced an agreement of typically better than 0.1 ppbv. A detailed analysis proved that this agreement was independent of the a priori information that was used for the retrieval of the different data sets. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feist, DG (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM dietrich.feist@mw.iap.unibe.ch; aellig.meli@bluewin.ch; niklaus.kaempfer@mw.iap.unibe.ch; philip.solomon@sunysb.edu; james.barrett@sunysb.edu; saeid.zoonematkermani@sunysb.edu; paul@chirp.mpae.gwdg.de; chris@chirp.mpae.gwdg.de; joe@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013 OI Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D7 BP 9053 EP 9062 DI 10.1029/1999JD901175 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306FJ UT WOS:000086586400012 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Coric, V Zimolo, Z Hoyt, G Wang, S Hazlett, G Charney, DS AF Morgan, CA Coric, V Zimolo, Z Hoyt, G Wang, S Hazlett, G Charney, DS TI Neuroendocrine and psychobiological responses to uncontrollable stress SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Natl Ctr PTSD, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Air Stn N Isl, FASOTRAGRUPAC N2, Coronado, CA USA. JFK Special Warfare Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 47 IS 8 SU S MA 231 BP 70S EP 70S DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00495-9 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 304ZW UT WOS:000086515200229 ER PT J AU Brink, KH Beardsley, RC Paduan, J Limeburner, R Caruso, M Sires, JG AF Brink, KH Beardsley, RC Paduan, J Limeburner, R Caruso, M Sires, JG TI A view of the 1993-1994 California Current based on surface drifters, floats, and remotely sensed data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL TRANSITION ZONE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; PACIFIC; WINTER; FLOW AB Near-surface drifters were deployed in the California Current System during the period 1993-1994 in order to study mean and eddy currents. The deployment scheme allowed a 2 year period where data density was high enough to make meaningful estimates of eddy statistics and of seasonal mean currents and variances on a 5 degrees grid. Eddy variability, which tended to be isotropic, was higher near the coast (standard deviations around 0.2 m s(-1)) and decreased offshore (down to similar to 0.1 m s(-1)). Seasonal mean surface flow west of California was southward during all seasons: if a Davidson Current existed during 1993-1995, it was probably either short-lived or only found closer to the coast than our study area, i.e., within 100-150 km of shore. In some cases, drifter populations within a discrete feature were high enough to allow some detailed resolution of its behavior. We note a tendency for individual eddies (which can last for up to 3-5 months) to drift westward at rates of O(5 km day-1). Not all eddies in the region are surface-intensified. There is clear evidence for at least the occasional presence of a thin, meandering southward jet in the region that can be 1000 km or more long. This jet can be identified with that found in the Coastal Transition Zone program in association with cool filaments. The jet appears to become broader and slower south of Point Conception. We hypothesize (on the basis of others' results as well as ours) that the eddies that are strongest at the surface result primarily from instabilities on a southward alongshore mean current and that eddies that are maximal at depth are spawned by the northward undercurrent. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brink, KH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C4 BP 8575 EP 8604 DI 10.1029/1999JC900327 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 305GX UT WOS:000086532000008 ER PT J AU Mied, RP Handler, RA Evans, TE AF Mied, RP Handler, RA Evans, TE TI Longitudinal convergence fronts in homogeneous rotating channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; AXIAL CONVERGENCE; SECONDARY FLOW; BOUNDARY; EXCHANGE; OCEAN AB In situ observation and remote sensing imagery indicate the presence of velocity convergences located over bathymetric channels in the mouths of tidal estuaries. In this paper we present the results of numerical simulations performed to investigate these velocity structures in a rotating channel having a single bathymetric groove. The equations of motion for a homogeneous fluid on a rotating Earth are solved using a fully spectral code in the across-channel (i.e., the vertical or x-z) plane. No along-channel flow variations (in the y direction) are permitted. The bottom bathymetry is formed using a unique virtual surface approach [Goldstein et al., 1993] that generates a no-slip bottom using feedback forcing. A Gaussian-shaped channel is employed to simulate typical estuarine bathymetry. In the along-channel direction a constant pressure gradient is imposed, and the flow evolves until a steady state results. The simulations are performed at high Rossby number (of order unity) based on the width of the groove and a typical surface velocity. Simulations show the development of a localized along-channel jet colocated with an across-channel recirculation cell. This feature results from the generation of streamwise vorticity through the tilting of planetary vorticity by the vertical shear in the along-channel flow. The associated across-channel surface flow above the jet exhibits convergent and divergent regions, which correlate reasonably well with features reported previously in the literature. Their number, position, and strength are seen to vary with the along-channel Reynolds number, Ekman layer thickness, and channel aspect ratio. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mied, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7250,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C4 BP 8647 EP 8658 DI 10.1029/2000JC900014 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 305GX UT WOS:000086532000011 ER PT J AU Feddersen, F Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Feddersen, F Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Velocity moments in alongshore bottom stress parameterizations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR SHEAR INSTABILITIES; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; SURF-ZONE; FIELD DATA; WAVES; TRANSFORMATION; NEARSHORE; BEACHES; MODEL AB The time-averaged alongshore bottom stress is an important component of nearshore circulation models. In a widely accepted formulation the bottom stress is proportional to < \(u) over right arrow\v >, the time average of the product of the instantaneous velocity magnitude \(u) over right arrow\ and the instantaneous alongshore velocity component v. Both mean and fluctuating (owing to random, directionally spread waves) velocities contribute to < \(u) over right arrow\v > Direct estimation of < \(u) over right arrow\v > requires a more detailed specification of the velocity field than is usually available, so the term < \(u) over right arrow\v > is parameterized. Here direct estimates of < \(u) over right arrow\v > based on time series of near-bottom currents observed between the shoreline and 8-m water depth are used to test the accuracy of < \(u) over right arrow\v > parameterizations. Common < \(u) over right arrow\v > parameterizations that are linear in the mean alongshore current significantly underestimate < \(u) over right arrow\v > for moderately strong alongshore currents, resulting in overestimation of a drag coefficient determined by fitting modeled (with a linearized bottom stress) to observed alongshore currents. A parameterization based on a joint-Gaussian velocity field with the observed velocity statistics gives excellent overall agreement with the directly estimated < \(u) over right arrow\v > and allows analytic investigation of the statistical properties of the velocity field that govern < \(u) over right arrow\v > Except for the weakest flows, < \(u) over right arrow\v > depends strongly on the mean alongshore current and the total velocity variance but depends only weakly on the mean wave angle, wave directional spread, and mean cross-shore current. Several other nonlinear parameterizations of < \(u) over right arrow\v > are shown to be more accurate than the linear parameterizations and are adequate for many modeling purposes. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM falk@coast.ucsd.edu; rguza@ucsd.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; her-bers@zee.oc.nps.navy.mil NR 33 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C4 BP 8673 EP 8686 DI 10.1029/2000JC900022 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 305GX UT WOS:000086532000013 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Asper, V McClimans, T Weidemann, A AF Johnson, DR Asper, V McClimans, T Weidemann, A TI Optical properties of the Kara Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TURBIDITY AB This study was motivated by the need to understand dispersion processes which affect the redistribution of nuclear wastes in the Arctic from dump sites in the Kara Sea and in the rivers which flow into the Kara Sea. We focus on vertical profiles of light beam transmission and fluorometry made over the delta region fronting the Ob and Yenisey Rivers and over the East Novaya Zemlya Trough (ENZT). The delta region fronting the Ob River Estuary contains a large repository of particles in a dense bottom nepheloid layer with a maximum centered similar to 100 km in front of the estuary entrance and covering an area of roughly 200 km diameter. This suspended particle mass repository appears to contain both sediments and detritus and lends credence to the Lisitsyn [1995] concept of the marginal filter zone. In the deep water of the ENZT we found a strong increase of beam attenuation with depth, indicating a relatively large increase of particle mass concentration from similar to 50 m to the bottom (depths in excess of 300 m). The strongest concentration was adjacent to the southeast coast of Novaya Zemlya. We suggest that a type of hyperpycnical flow occurs from accumulation of sediments in the bottom waters of Novaya Zemlya fjords which then cascades down the steep slopes adjacent to the island, producing the particle mass distribution as observed by the transmissometer. The accumulation of these repositories of high particle mass concentrations in suspension would suggest that the residence time is high but that storm-driven events could act to disperse the material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Ctr Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C4 BP 8805 EP 8811 DI 10.1029/1999JC900331 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 305GX UT WOS:000086532000021 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Malcuit, MS Butler, JJ AF Rodriguez, MA Malcuit, MS Butler, JJ TI Transmission properties of refractive index-shifted Bragg gratings SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bragg gratings; distributed feedback structures; narrowband optical filters; transfer matrix analysis ID FIBER AB We present an analysis of the transmission properties of index-shifted Bragg gratings. Theoretical predictions of the transmission properties of these gratings are obtained using a generalized transfer matrix method. Our theoretical predictions show that a precise modification of the average refractive index of Bragg gratings can lead to the generation of narrowband transmission windows within a broad low transmission band. The theoretical predictions are compared to experimental results obtained with fiber Bragg gratings. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bldg 16, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 177 IS 1-6 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00584-8 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 306BW UT WOS:000086577200030 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Reintjes, J AF Bashkansky, M Reintjes, J TI Statistics and reduction of speckle in optical coherence tomography SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Studies have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful in imaging microscopic structures through highly scattering media. Because spatially coherent light is used in OCT, speckle in the reconstructed image is unavoidable, resulting in degradation of the quality of the OCT images and impaired ability to differentiate subsurface structures. Therefore speckle reduction is an important issue in OCT imaging. We develop speckle statistics that are appropriate to the OCT measurements and demonstrate a simple and practical speckle-reduction technique. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 170.4500, 110.4500, 030.6140, 120.6150. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5614, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 8 BP 545 EP 547 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000545 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 304UD UT WOS:000086501800011 PM 18064106 ER PT J AU Magri, R Wang, LW Zunger, A Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Magri, R Wang, LW Zunger, A Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Anticrossing semiconducting band gap in nominally semimetallic InAs/GaSb superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GASB SUPER-LATTICES; OPTICAL ANISOTROPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DOTS; LIGHT-HOLE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSITION; INTERFACES; STATES AB While (InAs)(n)/(GaSb)(n) (001) superlattices are semiconducting for nn(c) the InAs electron level e(InAs) is below the GaSb hole level h(GaSb), so the system is converted to a nominal semimetal. At nonzero in-plane wave vectors (k(parallel to)not equal 0), however, the wave functions e(InAs) and h(GaSb) have the same symmetry, so they anticross. This opens up a "hybridization gap'' at some k(parallel to)=k(parallel to)*. Using a pseudopotential plane-wave approach as well as a (pseudopotential fit) eight-band k.p approach, we predict the hybridization gap and its properties such as wave-function localization and out-of-plane dispersion. We find that recent model calculations underestimate this gap severely. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magri, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Magri, Rita/O-5267-2016 OI Magri, Rita/0000-0003-2945-0374 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 15 BP 10235 EP 10241 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.10235 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 306PZ UT WOS:000086606200072 ER PT J AU Chebolu, R Zhang, W Galoppini, E Gilardi, R AF Chebolu, R Zhang, W Galoppini, E Gilardi, R TI Copper(I)-catalyzed intramolecular photocycloadditions of dicyclopentadiene derivatives linked by removable tethers SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE intramolecular photocycloaddition; copper catalyzed; dicyclopentadiene; polycyclic compounds AB Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular [2+2] photocycloadditions of two dicyclopentadiene derivatives linked by an alkyl chain have been studied. These reactions are regio- and stereoselective and proceed considerably faster than the corresponding intermolecular reactions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galoppini, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, 73 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 16 BP 2831 EP 2834 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00273-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 307YF UT WOS:000086681200016 ER PT J AU Burlinghan, WJ O'Connell, PJ Jacobson, LM Becker, BN Kirk, AD Pravica, V Hutchinson, IV AF Burlinghan, WJ O'Connell, PJ Jacobson, LM Becker, BN Kirk, AD Pravica, V Hutchinson, IV TI Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor growth factor-beta 1 genotype: Partial association with intragraft gene expression in two cases of long-term peripheral tolerance to a kidney transplant SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BETA; PROTEIN AB Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples of patients JB and DS each of whom received a kidney transplant at 16 years of age from a serologically HLA-DR matched and HLA-class I -mismatched donor, Both patients discontinued immunosuppression after 1-2 years and retained good renal function for an additional 5 years or more. DNA was analyzed for genetic polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) loci. Biopsy samples obtained during stable function (DS, JB) and during rejection (JB) were analyzed by RT/ PCR for cytokine gene expression. Both patients had a high responder genotype for TGF beta 1. DS had a low, responder TNF alpha genotype, while JB and his donor were both genotypically TNF alpha intermediate responders. DS had a high TGF beta 1: TNF alpha mRNA ratio in two biopsies obtained during tolerance, while JB, who eventually lost his graft, had more TNF alpha than TGF beta 1 mRNA. The results suggest a possible role for cytokine immunogenetics in the stability of peripheral tolerance. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Transplant Div, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53792 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Biol Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Burlinghan, WJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Transplant Div, H4-748 CSC, Madison, WI 53792 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI44077]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K08 DK02420, R01DK50954] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 15 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1527 EP 1530 DI 10.1097/00007890-200004150-00058 PG 4 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 307YM UT WOS:000086681800059 PM 10798787 ER PT J AU Liu, QY Coulombe, M Dumm, J Shaffer, KM Schaffner, AE Barker, JL Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Ma, W AF Liu, QY Coulombe, M Dumm, J Shaffer, KM Schaffner, AE Barker, JL Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Ma, W TI Synaptic connectivity in hippocampal neuronal networks cultured on micropatterned surfaces SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE synaptogenesis; spontaneous synaptic current; evoked synaptic current; autaptic response; neuronal circuit; rat hippocampus ID EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE; EXCITATORY TRANSMITTER; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; GABA; OUTGROWTH; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; CNS AB Embryonic rat hippocampal neurons were grown on patterned silane surface in order to organize synapse formations in a controlled manner. The surface patterns were composed of trimethoxysilylpropyl-diethylenetriamine (DETA) lines separated by tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-1-dimethylchlorosilane (13F) spaces. Pre- and post-synaptic specializations were identified by immunostaining for synapsin I and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2). Functional synaptic connections were examined by recording simultaneously from pairs of neurons using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Spontaneous and evoked synaptic currents were recorded in neurons cultured for 2-14 days. The formation of functional connections was accompanied by the appearance of spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs), which could be detected after similar to 3 days in culture in the absence of evoked synaptic currents (ESCs). ESCs were detected only after similar to 7 days in culture, mostly in the form of unidirectional synaptic connections. Other forms of synaptic connectivity, such as bidirectional and autaptic connections, were also identified. Both transient GABAergic and glutamatergic signals mediated the transmissions between communicating cells. These results demonstrate the combination of various types of synaptic connections forming simple and complex networks in neurons cultured on line (DETA)-space (13F) patterns. Finally, precisely synchronized SSCs were recorded in neuron pairs cultured on pattern indicating the existence of a fast-acting feedback mechanism mediated by pre-synaptic GABAA receptors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD APR 14 PY 2000 VL 120 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(00)00014-6 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 307ZQ UT WOS:000086684400010 ER PT J AU Singh, A Puranik, D Guo, Y Chang, EI AF Singh, A Puranik, D Guo, Y Chang, EI TI Towards achieving selectivity in metal ion binding by fixing ligand-chelator complex geometry in polymers SO REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE polymerizable metal ion chelator; metal ion selective polymer; selective metal ion sponge; metal chelating polymer; macroporous polymers ID MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; RECOGNITION; LECTURE; DESIGN; CU(II) AB The synthesis of polymers with pre-organized metal ion binding sites for optimal binding of selected metal ions is reported. An acyclic N-vinylbenzyl substituted chelator, triethylenetetramine, is complexed with copper(II) ions and crosslinked with matrix monomer TRIM [2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl) propane-1, 3-diol trimethacrylate] to form the polymer. W-visible spectra indicate that the coordination geometry of the monomeric metal-ligand complex is highly conserved in the polymer. Unlike macrocyclic ligands, the acyclic ligating molecules demonstrate flexibility in forming chelation rings that are specific to metal-ion size and geometry. The complexation step is used as a means to optimize the chelator conformation for copper ions. The resulting polymers, after removal of metal ions, show selectivity towards the templated metal ions. The small size of the metal ions facilitated their access to the templated sites embedded in the porous polymers. This scheme has the potential to become a generalized procedure for making metal ion selective polymers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-5148 J9 REACT FUNCT POLYM JI React. Funct. Polym. PD APR 14 PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S1381-5148(99)00082-6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA 304HQ UT WOS:000086478000010 ER PT J AU Van Vechten, D Wood, K Fritz, G Horwitz, J Gyulamiryan, A Kuzanyan, A Vartanyan, V Gulian, A AF Van Vechten, D Wood, K Fritz, G Horwitz, J Gyulamiryan, A Kuzanyan, A Vartanyan, V Gulian, A TI Imaging detectors based on anisotropic thermoelectricity SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Low-Temperature Detectors (LTD-8) CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL DALFSEN, NETHERLANDS SP Technol Fdn, European Space Technol Ctr, Space Res Org Netherlands DE single photon detectors; high-temperature superconductors; light absorption; electron-phonon interactions; Seebeck effect; superconducting thin films AB Transient voltage pulses spontaneously occur in anisotropic films following the absorption of photons. Experiments on normal state YBCO unambiguously confirm that the pulses sensed between the sample ends arise from the thermoelectric response to the heat flux propagating through the film, perpendicular to the voltage measurement axis. Good agreement is found between the measured voltage characteristics and a macroscopic model based on the Set beck tensor of the material. The applicability of such materials to single-photon detectors is discussed. A class of materials with sufficiently large low-temperature Seebeck tensor to construct a high resolution detector has been identified but not yet optimized for this use. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Van Vechten, D (reprint author), US Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2000 VL 444 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01324-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 310JU UT WOS:000086823400011 ER PT J AU Gulian, A Wood, K Fritz, G Gyulamiryan, A Nikogosyan, V Giordano, N Jacobs, T Van Vechten, D AF Gulian, A Wood, K Fritz, G Gyulamiryan, A Nikogosyan, V Giordano, N Jacobs, T Van Vechten, D TI X-ray/UV single photon detectors with isotropic Seebeck sensors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Low-Temperature Detectors (LTD-8) CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL DALFSEN, NETHERLANDS SP Technol Fdn, European Space Technol Ctr, Space Res Org Netherlands AB A novel hot-electron microbolometer concept suitable for hyperspectral imaging at high photon counting rates is described. When each photon is absorbed, its energy is thermalized and homogenized within the normal-metal absorber to provide a highly reproducible temperature gradient across a thin film thermoelectric sensor which separates the absorber from a heat sink. The classical Seebeck effect results in an observable signal voltage, proportional to the time-dependent temperature gradient, without any externally applied bias current or voltage. Highly preliminary results on a single pixel device are presented and the projected performance of the fully developed device is analyzed, emphasizing the spectral resolution, noise sources, and suitability for large arrays of detector pixels. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Gulian, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2000 VL 444 IS 1-2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)01365-0 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 310JU UT WOS:000086823400052 ER PT J AU Maino, VC Suni, MA Wormsley, SB Carlo, DJ Wallace, MR Moss, RB AF Maino, VC Suni, MA Wormsley, SB Carlo, DJ Wallace, MR Moss, RB TI Enhancement of HIV type 1 antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell memory in subjects with chronic HIV type 1 infection receiving an HIV type 1 immunogen SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CYTOKINE SYNTHESIS; RITONAVIR; RESPONSES; DISEASE; HETEROGENEITY; SUPPRESSION; ACTIVATION AB We examined HIV-1 specific memory helper T immune responses in chronically HIV-infected subjects who received an immune-based therapy (HN-I immunogen, Remune), Subjects in this study exhibited significant increases (p < 0.05) in the frequency of helper T memory cells expressing interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in response to HIV-1 antigens in vitro. The frequencies of HIV-specific memory T cells increased after successive immunizations and exhibited a correlation with the standard tritiated thymidine incorporation lymphocyte proliferation assay (r = 0.72, p < 0.0008), These results support the notion that HIV-specific memory immune responses can be stimulated in subjects with chronic HIV infection. Further investigations are warranted to determine whether the induction of such responses is associated,vith virologic control. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Syst, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. Pharmingen, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Response Corp, 5935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 6 BP 539 EP 547 DI 10.1089/088922200308954 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 309QW UT WOS:000086781600004 PM 10777144 ER PT J AU Clinton, TW Johnson, M AF Clinton, TW Johnson, M TI Magnetoquenched superconducting valve with bilayer ferromagnetic film for uniaxial switching SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A bilayer ferromagnetic film, consisting of a soft- and hard-magnetic layer separated by a nonmagnetic layer, has been incorporated into a magnetoquenched superconducting valve, making it possible to control the valve with uniaxial magnetic fields. Device switching is demonstrated with fields as small as 20 Oe. The switch is inherently nonvolatile, has linear output characteristics, and requires a single inductively coupled "write wire" for integrated operation, all of which make it promising for application as a storage cell in a high-density superconducting random-access memory. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04415-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clinton, TW (reprint author), Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 15 BP 2116 EP 2118 DI 10.1063/1.126271 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 301ER UT WOS:000086296200050 ER PT J AU Whiting, AB AF Whiting, AB TI The least-action principle: Theory of cosmological solutions and the radial velocity action SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics methods : numerical ID GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; LOCAL GROUP; ORBITS AB Formulating the equations of motion for cosmological bodies (such as galaxies) in an integral, rather than differential, form has several advantages. Using an integral, the mathematical instability at early times is avoided, and the boundary conditions of the integral correspond closely with available data. Here it is shown that such a least-action calculation for a number of bodies interacting through gravity has a finite number of solutions, possibly only one. Characteristics of the different possible solutions are explored. The results are extended to cover the motion of a continuous fluid. We give a method for generalizing an action so as to use velocities, instead of positions, in boundary conditions, which reduces in particular cases to those given by Giavalisco et al. and Schmoldt & Saha. The velocity boundary condition is shown to have no effect on the number of solutions. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Whiting, AB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 533 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1086/308624 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309VL UT WOS:000086789900004 ER PT J AU Chen, J Santoro, RA Krall, J Howard, RA Duffin, R Moses, JD Brueckner, GE Darnell, JA Burkepile, JT AF Chen, J Santoro, RA Krall, J Howard, RA Duffin, R Moses, JD Brueckner, GE Darnell, JA Burkepile, JT TI Magnetic geometry and dynamics of the fast coronal mass ejection of 1997 September 9 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; stars : magnetic fields; Sun : Corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID FLUX ROPE; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; CURRENT LOOPS; SOLAR-FLARES; CLOUDS; STREAMER; LASCO; TRANSIENTS; TOPOLOGY; FIELDS AB A coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed on 1997 September 9 by the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory Mark III K-coronameter (MK3) and by the LASCO C2/C3 and EIT instruments on board the SOHO spacecraft. Magnetograms and EIT images obtained on days leading up to the eruption show a neutral line that appears to correspond to the site of the eruption. Taken together, the data from these instruments provide a comprehensive, beginning-to-end record of the event within the 32 R. field of view. The motion of several features are tracked through the fields of view of MK3, C2, and C3. The CME exhibits the previously identified morphological features and dynamical properties consistent with those of an erupting magnetic flux rope with its legs connected to the Sun. The LASCO images and magnetograms indicate that the flux rope axis was aligned with the neutral line approximately 2 days behind the west limb. Its apparent orientation provides an oblique view of an erupting flux rope, a view that has not been discussed previously. A theoretical flux rope model is used to understand the forces responsible for the observed CME dynamics. Synthetic coronagraph images based on the model flux rope are constructed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 67 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 533 IS 1 BP 481 EP 500 DI 10.1086/308646 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309VL UT WOS:000086789900041 ER PT J AU Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Hartmann, DH Klose, S AF Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Hartmann, DH Klose, S TI The discovery of an embedded cluster of high-mass stars near SGR 1900+14 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : star clusters; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations ID REPEATER; SGR-1900+14; SGR-1806-20 AB Deep I-band imaging to I approximate to 26.5 of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1900 + 14 region has revealed a compact cluster of massive stars located only a few arcseconds from the fading radio source thought to be the location of the soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR). This cluster was previously hidden in the glare of the pair of M5 supergiant stars (whose light was removed by point-spread function subtraction) proposed by Vrba et al. as likely associated with SGR 1900 + 14. The cluster has at least 13 members within a cluster radius of approximate to 0.6 pc based on an estimated distance of 12-15 kpc. It is remarkably similar to a cluster found associated with SGR 1806-20. That similar clusters have now been found at or near the positions of the two best studied SGRs suggests that young neutron stars, which are thought to be responsible for the SGR phenomenon, have their origins in proximate compact clusters of massive stars. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. RP Vrba, FJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 24 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 533 IS 1 BP L17 EP L20 DI 10.1086/312602 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309VN UT WOS:000086790100005 ER PT J AU Dimas, AA Fialkowski, LT AF Dimas, AA Fialkowski, LT TI Large-wave simulation (LWS) of free-surface flows developing weak spilling breaking waves SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROFOIL; WAKE AB A methodology, called large-wave simulation (LWS), is presented for the numerical simulation of free-surface Hows past the appearance of spilling breakers. LWS is designed to resolve only the large, energy-carrying scales of the How and model the effect of the subgrid, small-wavelength scales of the flow spectrum. This part of the spectrum includes the characteristic frothy whitecaps associated with spilling breakers. Modeling in LWS is based on the consistent application of spatial filtering on both the velocity field and the free-surface elevation. The subgrid scale (SGS) effect is modeled by two sets of stresses. (i) the eddy SGS stresses, which are identical to the ones arising in large-eddy-simulation of Hows without a foe surface, and (ii) the wave SGS stresses, which incorporate the free-surface effect. Both SGS stresses are modeled by eddy-viscosity models with constant coefficient. The methodology is applied on two free-surface flows: (i) the interaction of a plane gravity wave with a surface wake layer, and (ii) the nonlinear evolution of a surface shear layer instability. A priori and a posteriori tests show good agreement between the proposed model and actual SGS stresses, while LWS of both hows successfully continue past the breaking point as opposed to corresponding direct numerical simulations. For the first flow, LWS predicts the postbreaking appearance of a recirculating flow region in the wake of the breaker in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dimas, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 159 IS 2 BP 172 EP 196 DI 10.1006/jcph.2000.6426 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 303BM UT WOS:000086401000003 ER PT J AU Rudakov, LI Velikovich, AL Davis, J Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Deeney, C AF Rudakov, LI Velikovich, AL Davis, J Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Deeney, C TI Buoyant magnetic flux tubes enhance radiation in Z pinches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCH; POWER AB In numerous experiments, magnetic energy coupled to strongly radiating Z-pinch plasmas exceeds the thermalized kinetic energy, sometimes by a factor of 2-3. We demonstrate that the enhanced energy coupling may be due to the buoyancy rise, of toroidal magnetic flux tubes converging to the axis through. the unstable pinch plasma. We derive an explicit formula for the enhanced dissipation rate and apply this formula to reconsider an old problem of power balance in a steady-state Z pinch, and then to analyze a new challenge of producing K-shell 3 to 10 keV radiation in long-pulse Z-pinch implosions. C1 Adv Power Technol Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rudakov, LI (reprint author), Adv Power Technol Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 20 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 15 BP 3326 EP 3329 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3326 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 303DA UT WOS:000086404500028 ER PT J AU Stuart, SJ Tutein, AB Harrison, JA AF Stuart, SJ Tutein, AB Harrison, JA TI A reactive potential for hydrocarbons with intermolecular interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; FORCE-FIELD; DIAMOND SURFACES; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; AB-INITIO; LIQUID AB A potential function is presented that can be used to model both chemical reactions and intermolecular interactions in condensed-phase hydrocarbon systems such as liquids, graphite, and polymers. This potential is derived from a well-known dissociable hydrocarbon force field, the reactive empirical bond-order potential. The extensions include an adaptive treatment of the nonbonded and dihedral-angle interactions, which still allows for covalent bonding interactions. Torsional potentials are introduced via a novel interaction potential that does not require a fixed hybridization state. The resulting model is intended as a first step towards a transferable, empirical potential capable of simulating chemical reactions in a variety of environments. The current implementation has been validated against structural and energetic properties of both gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, and is expected to prove useful in simulations of hydrocarbon liquids, thin films, and other saturated hydrocarbon systems. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)50814-9]. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stuart, SJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012 NR 70 TC 1395 Z9 1428 U1 20 U2 242 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 14 BP 6472 EP 6486 DI 10.1063/1.481208 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 300AX UT WOS:000086231600043 ER PT J AU Shin, KJ Moon, HR George, C Marquez, VE AF Shin, KJ Moon, HR George, C Marquez, VE TI Construction of the bicyclo[3,1.0]hexane template of a conformationally locked carbocyclic adenosine via an olefin keto-carbene cycloaddition SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; NEPLANOCIN-C; SUGAR RING; NUCLEOSIDES; ANALOGS; THYMIDINE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; CRYSTAL AB An intramolecular olefin keto-carbene cycloaddition reaction created the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template 10 that was necessary for the synthesis of carbocyclic amine 15. This amine is a direct precursor to a family of rigid nucleosides that are conformationally locked in the Southern hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle. The synthesis of the conformationally locked adenosine analogue is reported herein as an illustrative example of the methodology. The racemic (South)methanocarba adenosine analogue (+/-)-4 is the first example of a conformationally locked ribonucleoside Version in the Southern hemisphere. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, Div Basic Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Med Chem Lab, Div Basic Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 7 BP 2172 EP 2178 DI 10.1021/jo9917691 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 302CV UT WOS:000086348400036 PM 10774042 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, JP Nanda, H Fitzgerald, P Yee, GT AF Fitzgerald, JP Nanda, H Fitzgerald, P Yee, GT TI Synthesis of substituted 1-methyl-2-cyanopyrroles via unprecedented addition of N,N-dimethylformamide to electron-deficient alkenes in the presence of copper(I) cyanide SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fitzgerald, JP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 7 BP 2222 EP 2224 DI 10.1021/jo991440f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 302CV UT WOS:000086348400044 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, AD TI The geometry and significance of weak energy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; PARTICLE; PHASE; TIME; COMPONENT; EVOLUTION; STATES; SPACE; SPIN AB Thr theory of weal; values for quantum mechanical observables has come to serve as a useful basis for contemporary discussions concerning such varied topics as the tunnelling-time controversy and quantum stochastic processes. An intrinsic complex-valued weak energy has recently been observed experimentally and reported in the literature. In this paper it is shown that: (a) the real and imaginary valued parts of this weak energy have geometric interpretations related to a phase acquired from parallel transport in Hilbert space and the variational dynamics occurring in the associated projective Hilbert space, respectively; (b) the weak energy detines functions which translate correlation amplitudes and probabilities in time: (c) correlation probabilities can be controlled by manipulating the weak energy and there exists a condition of weak stationarity that guarantees their time invariance; and (d) a time-weak energy uncertainty relation of the usual form prevails when a suitable set of dynamical constraints are imposed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD APR 7 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 13 BP 2555 EP 2567 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/33/13/308 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 304CL UT WOS:000086465100011 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Agarwal, AK Mani, SS Hegde, VS AF Saks, NS Agarwal, AK Mani, SS Hegde, VS TI Low-dose nitrogen implants in 6H-silicon carbide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Low-dose n-type nitrogen implants in 6H-SiC have been studied using the Hall effect. Previous studies of doping by implantation in SiC have concentrated on heavily doped layers such as required for transistor sources and drains. Here, we focus on more lightly doped layers, e.g., such as required for the active regions of high-voltage power devices. The low-dose N implants are found to activate more readily than high doses. Almost ideal N-implanted layers with a donor density of similar to 1 x 10(17)/cm(3) and a low residual acceptor density from implant damage of only similar to 1.5 x 10(15)/cm(3) have been obtained after a 1400 degrees C anneal. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03714-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CREE Res Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 14 BP 1896 EP 1898 DI 10.1063/1.126204 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 298JC UT WOS:000086134700035 ER PT J AU Rollwagen, FM Li, YY Pacheco, ND Dick, EJ Kang, YH AF Rollwagen, FM Li, YY Pacheco, ND Dick, EJ Kang, YH TI Microvascular effects of oral interleukin-6 on ischemia/reperfusion in the murine small intestine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN BLOOD; PERMEABILITY; ENDOTOXIN; INJURY; ISCHEMIA; IL-6; ALLEVIATION; MECHANISMS AB Oral administration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to reduce hemorrhage-induced bacterial translocation from the gut in mice and rats. To examine the intestinal microvasculature, mice were given the electron-dense tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after hemorrhage and IL-6 or vehicle administration, In normal mice and in those hemorrhaged and given IL-6, the electron-dense marker, administered intravenously, could be found in intestinal capillaries and between mucosal epithelial cells, suggesting that the microvasculature was patent, In mice given saline after shock, however, no marker was present in the gut, suggesting that the intestinal microvasculature was unable to deliver the marker to the epithelia When mice were given HRP intralumenally (il) the tracer was able to penetrate between intestinal epithelial cells only in mice given vehicle after hemorrhage. This finding suggests that hemorrhaged mice were susceptible to sepsis and endotoxic shock from the leaky gut. In normal and IL-6-treated mice, the tracer was unable to pass from the lumen between mucosal epithelial cells, because the presence of an intact zonula occludens prevented passage. Functional studies supported the electron microscopy findings. Bacteria were cultured from the livers of mice fed vehicle after hemorrhage, but not from those fed IL-6. These data support the conclusions that parts of the intestinal microvasculature remain diminished after hemorrhage and resuscitation and that oral IL-6 restores this circulation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Resuscitat Med Program, Bethesda, MD USA. USAF, Comparat Pathol HEDV, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Pathobiol Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rollwagen, FM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 156 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64987-5 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 303GJ UT WOS:000086413900009 PM 10751342 ER PT J AU Kaufman, KR Brodine, S Shaffer, R AF Kaufman, KR Brodine, S Shaffer, R TI Military training-related injuries - Surveillance, research, and prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military personnel; wounds and injuries; epidemiology; musculoskeletal system; primary prevention ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; STRESS-FRACTURES; PARACHUTING INJURIES; INFANTRY SOLDIERS; RUNNING INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; RISK-FACTORS; RUNNERS; ARMY AB Background: Musculoskeletal physical training-related injuries are a major problem in military populations. Injuries are important in ter ms of loss of time from work and training and decreased military readiness. The implications of these injuries in terms of patient morbidity, attrition rates, and training costs for military personnel are staggering. This article reviews: (1) pertinent epidemiologic literature on musculoskeletal injury rates; (2) injury type and location; and (3) risk factors for military populations. Suggestions for injury surveillance and prevention are also offered. Methods: Existing military and civilian epidemiologic studies were used to estimate and compare the size of the injury problem, identify risk factors, and test preventive measures. Most of the military research data obtained was from Marine and Army recruits, Army Infantry soldiers, and Naval Special Warfare candidates. Additional studies conducted in operational forces provided documentation of the injury problem in these populations as well. Results: Injury rates during military training are high, ranging from 6 to 12 per 100 male recruits per month during basic training to as high as 30 per 100 per month for Naval Special Warfare training. Data collected show a wide variation in injury rates that are dependent largely on the following risk factors: low levels of current physical fitness, low levels of previous occupational and leisure time physical activity, previous injury history, high running mileage, high amount of weekly exercise, smoking, age, and biomechanical factors. (Data are contradictory with respect to age.) Conclusion: Considering the magnitude of training injuries in military populations, there is a substantial amount of work that remains to be performed, especially in the areas of surveillance, prevention, and treatment. Modifiable risk factors have been identified suggesting that over use and other training injuries could be decreased with proper. interventions. Outpatient surveillance systems are available to capture musculoskeletal injury data but need to be refined. Given the size of the problem, a systematic process of prevention should be initiated starting with routine surveillance to identify high-risk populations for the purpose of prioritizing research and prevention. Properly planned interventions should then be implemented with the expectation of dramatically reduced lost work/training time, attrition, and medical costs, while increasing military readiness. (C) 2000 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kaufman, KR (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biomech Lab, 128 Guggenheim 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Kaufman, Kenton/0000-0002-7311-3781 NR 65 TC 139 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 SU S BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00114-8 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 298HL UT WOS:000086133200009 PM 10736541 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF Dewees, RV Nee, TW Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Nee, SMF Dewees, RV Nee, TW Johnson, LF Moran, MB TI Slope distribution of a rough surface measured by transmission scattering and polarization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION; IMAGES AB Transmission scattering from medium to air was used to measure the slope distribution of the rough plane surface of a transparent glass hemisphere. A facet model successfully explained the measured results of refraction, scattering, and polarization: Transmission scattering existed for incident angles greater than the critical angle, all measured curves for the normalized scattered intensity versus the facet slope angle for different detection directions overlapped, and the measured polarization of scattering was approximately constant for >99% of the facets. The slope distribution obtained by transmission scattering agrees with those of the surface profiles in the valid range of the profiler and can represent the slope distribution of the rough surface. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept,Phys Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM neesf@navair.navy.mil NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1561 EP 1569 DI 10.1364/AO.39.001561 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 299RD UT WOS:000086210900016 PM 18345052 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Lacey, CK Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD AF Hyman, SD Lacey, CK Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD TI Discrete radio sources in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : individual (NGC 6946); HII regions; radio continuum; supernova remnants ID H-II REGIONS; SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STAR FORMATION; HII-REGIONS; NGC-6946; EMISSION; CONTINUUM; SAMPLE; M33 AB We analyze the 2 "-resolution, high-sensitivity radio continuum observations of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946 at 6 and 20 cm by Lacey, Duric, & Goss to derive a luminosity function at each wavelength for 43 H II region candidates and for 15 supernova remnant (SNR) candidates. The H II region radio luminosity functions are best fitted by power laws consistent with the shape of the optical luminosity function of Bonnarel, Boulsteix, & Marcelin. The SNR luminosity functions are fitted by considerably steeper power laws than the H II region luminosity functions. Extinctions to the H II regions are estimated from a comparison of radio flux densities with new optical fluxes derived from the Ha observations of Van Dyk. A dependence of extinction on galactocentric radius is investigated, but none is found. C1 Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91129 USA. RP Hyman, SD (reprint author), Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2000 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1711 EP 1719 DI 10.1086/301306 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 304WY UT WOS:000086508100017 ER PT J AU Henden, A Munari, U AF Henden, A Munari, U TI UBV(RI)(C) photometric comparison sequences for symbiotic stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; stars : binaries : symbiotic; techniques : photometric ID CELESTIAL EQUATOR; ONGOING OUTBURST; STANDARD STARS; NOVA; HERCULIS; CATALOG; MIRA; V443 AB We present accurate UBV(RI)(C) photometric sequences around 20 symbiotic stars. The sequences extend over wide brightness and color ranges, and are suited to cover quiescence as well as outburst phases. The sequences are intended to assist both present time photometry as well as measurement; of photographic plates from historical archives. C1 Osservatorio Astron Padova, Sede Asiago, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Munari, U (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Padova, Sede Asiago, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2000 VL 143 IS 2 BP 343 EP 355 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 308EX UT WOS:000086698500011 ER PT J AU Montes, MJ Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Panagia, N Lacey, CK Sramek, RA Park, R AF Montes, MJ Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Panagia, N Lacey, CK Sramek, RA Park, R TI Radio observations of SN1979C: Evidence for rapid presupernova evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : stars; shock waves; stars : evolution; supernovae : individual (SN 1979C) ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SUPERNOVA 1979C; SN 1979C; EMISSION; MODEL; SN-1987A; NEBULAE; KIND; WIND AB We present new radio observations of the supernova SN 1979C made with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 20, 6, 3.6, and 2 cm from 1991 July to 1998 October, which extend our previously published observations (Weiler et al.), which began 8 days after optical maximum in 1979 April and continued through 1990 December. We find that the radio emission from SN 1979C has stopped declining in flux density in the manner described by Weller et al. and has apparently entered a new stage of evolution. The observed "flattening," or possible brightening, of the radio light curves for SN 1979C is interpreted as due to the supernova shock wave entering a denser region of material near the progenitor star and may be indicative of complex structure in the circumstellar medium established by the stellar wind from the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA USA. ESA, Div Astrophys, Dept Space Sci, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Montes, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 532 IS 2 BP 1124 EP 1131 DI 10.1086/308602 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 304DX UT WOS:000086468500030 ER PT J AU Saxton, JL Patterson, FR AF Saxton, JL Patterson, FR TI Comparison of sitting height measurement using three anthropometric measuring techniques SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DAVID; anthropometry; body measurements; aircrew accommodation AB Accurate, reproducible, anthropometric measurements are essential in the aviation community. Three methodologies were evaluated to determine how they compared with respect to variability and accuracy. One of the methods, an anthropometric chair, is currently used to screen naval aviation candidates. Another method, employing anthropometers (calipers), has been widely used for anthropometric surveys. A third method, referred to as the digital anthropometric video imaging device (DAVID), is a computer-based technique that digitizes a video image for the purpose of determining anthropometric measurements. For this comparison study, sitting height was measured by 15 subjects using the 3 cited methods. An evaluation of sitting height was used because of its importance to aviation and because it requires attention to both posture and measurement technique. Statistical analysis showed no statistical difference between the three methodologies. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Saxton, JL (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 4 BP 426 EP 429 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 297BH UT WOS:000086061300010 PM 10766469 ER PT J AU Van Orden, KF Jung, TP Makeig, S AF Van Orden, KF Jung, TP Makeig, S TI Combined eye activity measures accurately estimate changes in sustained visual task performance SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eye activity; fatigue; visual performance; fixations; blink activity; pupil diameter ID EEG SPECTRUM; ALERTNESS; FATIGUE AB Five concurrent eye activity measures were used to model fatigue-related changes in performance during a visual compensatory tracking task. Nine participants demonstrated considerable variations in performance level during two 53-min testing sessions in which continuous video-based eye activity measures were obtained. Using a trackball, participants were required to maneuver a target disk (destabilized by pseudorandom wind forces) within the center of an annulus on a CRT display. Mean tracking performance as a function of time across 18 sessions demonstrated a monotonic increase in error from 0 to 11 min, and a performance plateau thereafter. Individual performance fluctuated widely around this trend - with an average root mean square (RMS) error of 2.3 disk radii. For each participant, moving estimates of blink duration and frequency, fixation dwell time and frequency, and mean pupil diameter were analyzed using non-linear regression and artificial neural network techniques. Individual models were derived using eye and performance data from one session and cross-validated on data from a second session run on a different day. A general regression model (based only on fixation dwell time and frequency) trained on data from both sessions from all participants produced a correlation of estimated to actual tracking performance of R = 0.68 and an RMS error of 1.55 (S.D. = 0.26) disk radii. Individual non-linear regression models containing a general linear model term produced the cross-session correlations of estimated to actual tracking performance or R = 0.67. individualized neural network models derived from the data of both experimental sessions produced the lowest RMS error (mean = 1.23 disk radii. S.D. = 0.13) and highest correlation (R = 0.82) between eye activity-based estimates and actual tracking performance. Results suggest that information from multiple eye measures may be combined to produce accurate individualized real-time estimates of sub-minute scale performance changes during sustained tasks. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Sci & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Computat Neurobiol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Van Orden, KF (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D44209,54325 Patterson Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0511 J9 BIOL PSYCHOL JI Biol. Psychol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 3 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00043-5 PG 20 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 300YM UT WOS:000086281400003 PM 10725565 ER PT J AU Nuss, WA Bane, JM Thompson, WT Holt, T Dorman, CE Ralph, FM Rotunno, R Klemp, JB Skamarock, WC Samelson, RM Rogerson, AM Reason, C Jackson, P AF Nuss, WA Bane, JM Thompson, WT Holt, T Dorman, CE Ralph, FM Rotunno, R Klemp, JB Skamarock, WC Samelson, RM Rogerson, AM Reason, C Jackson, P TI Coastally trapped wind reversals: Progress toward understanding SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STATES WEST-COAST; WARM-SEASON; SYNOPTIC EVOLUTION; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; KELVIN WAVES; MARINE-LAYER; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DISTURBANCES; PROPAGATION AB Coastally trapped wind reversals along the U.S. west coast, which are often accompanied by a northward surge of fog or stratus, are an important warm-season forecast problem due to their impact on coastal maritime activities and airport operations. Previous studies identified several possible dynamic mechanisms that could be responsible for producing these events, yet observational and modeling limitations at the time left these competing interpretations open for debate. In an effort to improve our physical understanding, and ultimately the prediction, of these events, the Office of Naval Research sponsored an Accelerated Research Initiative in Coastal Meteorology during the years 1993-98 to study these and other related coastal meteorological phenomena. This effort included two field programs to study coastally trapped disturbances as well as numerous modeling studies to explore key dynamic mechanisms. This paper describes the various efforts that occurred under this program to provide an advancement in our understanding of these disturbances. While not all issues have been solved, the synoptic and mesoscale aspects of these events are considerably better understood. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Coastal Studies Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Univ No British Columbia, Environm Studies Program, Prince George, BC V2L 5P2, Canada. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 81 IS 4 BP 719 EP 743 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0719:CTWRPT>2.3.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300PY UT WOS:000086262400004 ER PT J AU Jegier, JA McKernan, S Purdy, AP Gladfelter, WL AF Jegier, JA McKernan, S Purdy, AP Gladfelter, WL TI Ammonothermal conversion of cyclotrigallazane to GaN: Synthesis of nanocrystalline and cubic GaN from [H2GaNH2](3) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-III NITRIDES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SUPERCRITICAL AMMONIA; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SOLID-STATE; PRECURSORS; CHEMISTRY; ROUTE; ALN; POLY(IMIDOGALLANE) AB Under ammonothermal conditions, cyclotrigallazane, [H2GaNH2](3), was converted to nanocrystalline GaN. The coherent length of the GaN product could be controlled by manipulating reaction time and temperature. Nanocrystalline GaN powders with average crystallite sizes of 3-17 nm were produced in the temperature range of 150-450 degrees C. Analysis of the powders by XRD and TEM indicated that the nanocrystals possessed a structure composed of a random arrangement of cubic and hexagonal close packed planes. The addition of NH4I to the reaction mixture resulted in the isolation of bulk samples of phase pure, cubic GaN at temperatures as low as 200 degrees C. The synthesis of the cubic phase was found to be temperature dependent, with mixtures of cubic and hexagonal GaN being produced at temperatures greater than 350 degrees C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Interfacial Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Gladfelter, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1021/cm9905592 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 308DY UT WOS:000086696300020 ER PT J AU Semtner, A AF Semtner, A TI Ocean and climate modeling SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Semtner, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD APR PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1145/332051.332077 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 299GK UT WOS:000086190300017 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Donato, TF Sletten, MA Trump, CL AF Marmorino, GO Donato, TF Sletten, MA Trump, CL TI Observations of an inshore front associated with the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ocean front; buoyant discharge; estuary-ocean interaction; Chesapeake Bay ID DELAWARE COASTAL CURRENT; ESTUARINE PLUMES; RIVER AB Preliminary observations are reported of a recurring front located near Cape Henry, Virginia, USA. The front occurs on the right-hand side, looking seaward, of the buoyant plume discharging from the Chesapeake Bay and separates the plume from a band of relatively dense seawater confined against the Virginia coast. The front thus appears to be of a type similar to the inshore plume front reported by Sanders and Garvine for the Delaware Bay. Similar to an estuarine tidal intrusion front, the Cape Henry front evolves to a prominent V-shaped planform during flood tide and subduction of fluid along the front may provide a means for recirculation of near-surface material. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 6 BP 665 EP 684 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00094-1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 301JX UT WOS:000086308000002 ER PT J AU Little, BJ Ray, RI Pope, RK AF Little, BJ Ray, RI Pope, RK TI Relationship between corrosion and the biological sulfur cycle: A review SO CORROSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Corrosion 2000 Meeting CY MAR, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL DE crevice corrosion; pitting corrosion; stress corrosion cracking; sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; sulfate-reducing bacteria ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; UNDERNEATH AEROBIC BIOFILMS; COPPER-NICKEL-ALLOYS; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; MILD-STEEL; ACCELERATED CORROSION; SULFIDE; OXIDATION AB Sulfur and sulfur compounds can produce pitting. crevice corrosion. dealloying. stress corrosion cracking, and stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking of susceptible metals and alloys. Even though the metabolic by-products of the biological sulfur cycle are extremely corrosive, there are no correlations between numbers arid types of sulfur-related organisms and the probability or rate oj'corrosion. Determination of specific mechanisms for corrosion caused by microbiologically mediated oxidation and reduction of sulfur and sulfur compounds is complicated by the variety of potential metabolic/energy sources and by-products: the coexistence of reduced and oxidized sulfur species: competing reactions with inorganic and organic compounds: and the versatility and adaptability of microorganisms in biofilms. The microbial ecology of sulfur-rich environments is poorly understood because of the association of aerobes and anaerobes and the mutualism or succession of heterotrophs to autotrophs. The physical scale over Which the Sulfur cycle influences corrosion varies with the environment. The complete sulfur cycle of oxidation and reduction reactions can take place in macroenvironments. including sewers and polluted harbors, or within the microenvironment of biofilms. In this review, reactions of sulfur and sulfur compounds resulting in corrosion were discussed in the context of environmental processes important to corrosion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 84 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 40 PU NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 EI 1938-159X J9 CORROSION-US JI Corrosion PD APR PY 2000 VL 56 IS 4 BP 433 EP 443 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565DE UT WOS:000176352800012 ER PT J AU Yencha, MW Hodge, JJ AF Yencha, MW Hodge, JJ TI Pleomorphic lipoma: Case report and literature review SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION; WELL-DIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA; TUMOR SIMULATING LIPOSARCOMA; SUBCUTANEOUS FATTY TUMORS; ATYPICAL LIPOMA; SPINDLE-CELL; CYTOLOGY; LESIONS; NECK AB BACKGROUND. Pleomorphic lipoma is a rare, benign, pseudosarcomatous, soft tissue neoplasm typically involving the subcutis of the neck and shoulder in middle-aged to elderly men. It is characterized histologically by atypical, multinucleated giant cells and grossly as a well-circumscribed mass. Since this neoplasm can resemble a sarcoma, histopathologic diagnosis is critical in preventing unnecessary surgery. OBJECTIVE. To describe a case of pleomorphic lipoma in the neck and to review the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of this neoplasm. METHODS. We present a case report and review of the literature. RESULTS. Local excision to completely extirpate this neoplasm has proven curative at 10 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION. Pleomorphic lipoma is superficially located and may be encountered in a dermatologic setting. Thus the dermatologist should become familiar with its clinical presentation and microscopic appearance. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Pensacola, FL USA. USN Hosp, Dept Pathol, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Yencha, MW (reprint author), NH Pensacola, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2000.99244.x PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 301RJ UT WOS:000086323800022 PM 10759828 ER PT J AU Oleinik, II Pettifor, DG Sutton, AP Butler, JE AF Oleinik, II Pettifor, DG Sutton, AP Butler, JE TI Theoretical study of chemical reactions on CVD diamond surfaces SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1999) CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP AIXTRON, Daimler-Chrysler, Elsevier Sci DE beta-scission growth mechanism; CVD diamond surfaces ID VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TIGHT-BINDING; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; GROWTH; SIMULATION; ACETYLENE; SCHEME AB The beta-scission growth mechanism at the diamond (100)(2x1) surface is studied by a combination of nanoscale ab-initio LDA/GGA and semiempirical tight-binding techniques to provide the necessary input into the mesoscale variable rime step Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of CVD diamond growth. The reaction path of the beta-scission reaction is critically examined, and the activation barrier of the reverse etching of the methylene adsorbate is deduced. We also considered the energetics of possible adsorbate configurations and showed that the removal of methylene (CH2) moieties from terrace and step edge sites is not appreciable. This 'preferential etching' of isolated CH2 from the (100) surface by atomic hydrogen effectively creates a barrier to (100) Layer nucleation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oleinik, II (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3-6 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00312-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 320CA UT WOS:000087382400004 ER PT J AU Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Briand, D Butler, JE AF Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Briand, D Butler, JE TI Performance of CVD diamond as a thermoluminescent dosemeter SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 1999) CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP AIXTRON, Daimler-Chrysler, Elsevier Sci DE CVD diamond; dosimetry; ionising radiation; thermoluminescence ID LUMINESCENCE; FILMS AB This work reports the thermoluminescent properties of free standing polycrystalline diamond grown by microwave assisted plasma CVD. A peak at 540 K is shown particularly suitable for ionising radiation dosimetry. Its properties (response to various radiations such as alpha, beta and proton particles or gamma photons, reproducibility, fading, etc.) are studied and compared with those of two common thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD 100 and TLD 500). The observed characteristics make CVD diamond a potential dosemeter. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nice, CRESA, LPES, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benabdesselam, M (reprint author), Univ Nice, CRESA, LPES, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3-6 BP 1013 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00198-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 320CA UT WOS:000087382400157 ER PT J AU Baird, JK AF Baird, JK TI Resurgent malaria at the millennium - Control strategies in crisis SO DRUGS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CENTRAL HIGHLAND PLATEAUS; IRIAN-JAYA; UNITED-STATES; VIVAX MALARIA; BREAST-CANCER; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; WESTERN KENYA; SOUTH-AMERICA; CHLOROQUINE AB Completion of the Panama Canal in 1914 marked the beginning of an era of vector control that achieved conspicuous success against malaria. In 1955 the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the controversial Global Eradication Campaign emphasising DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) spraying in homes. The incidence of malaria fell sharply where the programme was implemented, but the strategy was not applied in holoendemic Africa. This, along with the failure to achieve eradication in larger tropical regions, contributed to disillusionment with the policy. The World Health Assembly abandoned the eradication strategy in 1969. A resurgence of malaria began at about that time and today reaches into areas where eradication or control had been achieved. A global malaria crisis looms. In 1993 the WHO adopted a Global Malaria Control Strategy that placed priority in control of disease rather than infection. This formalises a policy that emphasises diagnosis and treatment in a primary healthcare setting, while de-emphasising spraying of residual insecticides. The new policy explicitly stresses malaria in Africa, but expresses the intent to bring control programmes around the world into line with the strategy. This review raises the argument that a global control strategy conceived to address the extraordinary malaria situation in Africa may not be suitable elsewhere. The basis of argument lies in the accomplishments of the Global Eradication Campaign viewed in an historical and geographical context. Resurgent malaria accompanying declining vector control activities in Asia and the Americas suggests that the abandonment of residual spraying may be premature given the tools now at hand. The inadequacy of vector control as the primary instrument of malaria control in holoendemic Africa does not preclude its utility in Asia and the Americas. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Parasit Dis Program, Amer Embassy, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Parasit Dis Program, Amer Embassy, FPO AP, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 82 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0012-6667 J9 DRUGS JI Drugs PD APR PY 2000 VL 59 IS 4 BP 719 EP 743 DI 10.2165/00003495-200059040-00001 PG 25 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 309LZ UT WOS:000086770400001 PM 10804031 ER PT J AU Siegel, FR Kravitz, JH Galasso, JJ AF Siegel, FR Kravitz, JH Galasso, JJ TI Arsenic in arctic sediment cores: Pathfinder to chemical weapons dump sites? SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Siegel, FR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 705 EP 706 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 314GK UT WOS:000087047900023 ER PT J AU Vieira, MEC AF Vieira, MEC TI The long-term residual circulation in Long Island Sound SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID EAST RIVER; EXCHANGE AB Current meter data were acquired in Long Island Sound over a period of about 6 mo in 1988 at six different transects. The averages of the low-passed residuals represent the contributions from tidal steering and density forcing. It is found that the long-term residual circulation starts out with a classical estuarine pattern at the Race. The flows into and out of the Sound are vertically partitioned by Long Sand Shoal; they gradually revert back to classical vertically layered estuarine circulation as the Central Basin is traversed. Further west, the bottom oceanic water becomes a westward flowing swift jet close to the Connecticut shore, while the East River water is constrained to flow eastward along the Long Island coast. Counterclockwise gyres, identified in the Eastern Narrows and Western Basin, may increase residence times of polluted East River water in the western Long Island Sound. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Vieira, MEC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.2307/1352827 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 324MT UT WOS:000087626500004 ER PT J AU Ma, W Maric, D Li, BS Hu, Q Andreadis, JD Grant, GM Liu, QY Shaffer, KM Chang, YH Zhang, L Pancrazio, JJ Pant, HC Stenger, DA Barker, JL AF Ma, W Maric, D Li, BS Hu, Q Andreadis, JD Grant, GM Liu, QY Shaffer, KM Chang, YH Zhang, L Pancrazio, JJ Pant, HC Stenger, DA Barker, JL TI Acetylcholine stimulates cortical precursor cell proliferation in vitro via muscarinic receptor activation and MAP kinase phosphorylation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ca2+ imaging; neural stem cell; neurogenesis; rat; signal transduction ID STEM-CELLS; OLIGODENDROCYTE PROGENITORS; CHOLINERGIC NEURONS; PROTEIN-KINASE; GROWTH-FACTORS; RAT-BRAIN; EXPRESSION; MITOGEN; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; SUBUNITS AB Increasing evidence has shown that some neurotransmitters act as growth-regulatory signals during brain development. Here we report a role for the classical neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to stimulate proliferation of neural stem cells and stem cell-derived progenitor cells during neural cell lineage progression in vitro. Neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone of the embryonic rat cortex were found to express the m2 subtype of the muscarinic receptor. Neural precursor cells dissociated from the embryonic rat cortical neuroepithelium were expanded in culture with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the presence of m2, m3 and m4 muscarinic receptor subtype transcripts, while immunocytochemistry demonstrated m2 protein. ACh and carbachol induced an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and membrane currents in proliferating (BrdU(+)) cells, both of which were abolished by atropine. Exposure of bFGF-deprived precursor cells to muscarinic agonists not only increased both cell number and DNA synthesis, but also enhanced differentiation of neurons. These effects were blocked by atropine, indicating the involvement of muscarinic ACh receptors. The growth-stimulating effects were also antagonized by a panel of inhibitors of second messengers, including 1,2-bis-(O-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N, N, N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA-AM) to chelate cytosolic Ca2+, EGTA to complex extracellular Ca2+, pertussis toxin, which uncouples certain G-proteins, the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059. Muscarinic agonists activated MARK, which was significantly inhibited by atropine and the same panel of inhibitors. Thus, muscarinic receptors expressed by neural precursors transduce a growth-regulatory signal during neurogenesis via pathways involving pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins, Ca2+ signalling, protein kinase C activation, MAPK phosphorylation and DNA synthesis. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R21AA12237-02] NR 38 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1240 DI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00010.x PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 311UM UT WOS:000086904100008 PM 10762352 ER PT J AU Stinson, JC Lee, KA Heilemann, MS Goss, G Koshar, JH AF Stinson, JC Lee, KA Heilemann, MS Goss, G Koshar, JH TI Comparing factors related to low birth weight in rural Mexico-born and US-born Hispanic women in northern California SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE low birthweight infants; Mexican-American mothers; prenatal care ID MATERNAL RISK-FACTORS; PRENATAL-CARE; PRETERM DELIVERY; AMERICAN WOMEN; PREGNANCY; HEALTH; POPULATION; OUTCOMES AB This study analyzed socio-economic demographic factors and prenatal variables, including antenatal visits, substance use, and nutritional status, in relationship to birthweight of infants of Mexico-born compared to US-born Hispanic women in northern California rural areas. Data were derived from medical records in three rural hospitals consisting of 468 Mexico-born and 315 US-born mothers. Low birthweight (LBW) was more prevalent for US-born (7.75%) mothers than for Mexico-born (4.3%) mothers. Inadequate prenatal visits and pregnancy complications were risks for LBW regardless of nativity. Further research on prenatal visits as a proxy for the biopsychosocial risks of LBW is warranted. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Family Hlth Care Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Alta Bates Med Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. USN Reserve, Nurse Corps, Fresno, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Div Nursing, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA. RP Stinson, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Family Hlth Care Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 301DD UT WOS:000086292200005 ER PT J AU Cash, BD Schoenfeld, PS Butler, JA Kikendall, JW Shad, JA Schindler, W Lieberman, DA AF Cash, BD Schoenfeld, PS Butler, JA Kikendall, JW Shad, JA Schindler, W Lieberman, DA TI Preliminary results of the colorectal neoplasia screening in asymptomatic women at regional navy/army medical centres trial: The concern trial. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 2427 BP A442 EP A442 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783701805 ER PT J AU de Lorimier, AJ Byrd, W Hall, ER Roberts, ZJ McQueen, CE Tang, D Vaughan, W Cassels, FJ AF de Lorimier, AJ Byrd, W Hall, ER Roberts, ZJ McQueen, CE Tang, D Vaughan, W Cassels, FJ TI Murine antibody response to a vaccine for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 1763 BP A323 EP A323 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783701311 ER PT J AU Shad, J Ormseth, EJ Schoenfeld, PS Coyle, WJ Schindler, W Butler, JA Kikendall, JW Cruess, D AF Shad, J Ormseth, EJ Schoenfeld, PS Coyle, WJ Schindler, W Butler, JA Kikendall, JW Cruess, D TI Diagnostic value of diminutive colonic adenomas found on flexible sigmoidoscopy. Interim results of the predict trial. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2000 VL 118 IS 4 SU 2 MA 1531 BP A268 EP A268 PN 1 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 309RU UT WOS:000086783701079 ER PT J AU Coyle, WJ Arluk, G Hoffman, BJ AF Coyle, WJ Arluk, G Hoffman, BJ TI Endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration in the evaluation of superior mediastinal masses. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 7053 BP AB255 EP AB255 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300718 ER PT J AU Ormseth, EJ Shad, J Schoenfeid, PS Furlong, C Coyle, WJ Schindler, R Cruess, D Butler, JA Kikendall, WJ AF Ormseth, EJ Shad, J Schoenfeid, PS Furlong, C Coyle, WJ Schindler, R Cruess, D Butler, JA Kikendall, WJ TI The predict trial: Predictive value of diminutive colonic adenoma trial - Interim results. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 MA 3641 BP AB132 EP AB132 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 313PD UT WOS:000087007300275 ER PT J AU Whitworth, DL Takekawa, JY Carter, HR Newman, SH Keeney, TW Kelly, PR AF Whitworth, DL Takekawa, JY Carter, HR Newman, SH Keeney, TW Kelly, PR TI Distribution of Xantus' Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus at sea in the Southern California Bight, 1995-97 SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; URIA-AALGE; COMMON MURRES; RAZORBILLS; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; LOMVIA AB We radiomarked 153 Xantus' Murrelets Synthliboramphus hypoleucus captured al;sea near Santa Barbara Island (SBI), the largest; murrelet colony in the California Channel Islands, USA. We tracked these radiomarked murrelets in the Southern California Bight (SCB) aff coastal southern California during the 1995-97 breeding seasons. In 1995 during mild El Nino conditions, the murrelets were distributed in non-upwelling areas. In 1996-97, they were distributed in dense patches, aggregating in cool upwelled waters near the northern Channel Islands or south of San Nicolas Island. Murrelets flew longer distances from SBI to foraging areas in 1997 ((x) over bar= 111 +/- 44 km) than in 1996 ((x) over bar= 62 +/- 25 km), but the distances they travelled did not differ between months (Apr and May) within years. Mean foraging distances fi om SBI were similar for 'incubating' murrelets (determined on the basis of repeated visits to SBI) and 'non-incubating' murrelets during the colony attendance period. We attributed the law return rate of radiomarked murrelets to SBI to the capture and marking of a large proportion of birds that were not actively incubating rather than to any adverse effects of radio attachment. We believe changes in murrelet foraging patterns between the 1970s and 1990s are associated with changes in prey resources in the SCB. Flexibility in the foraging strategies of these murrelets may be related to the highly variable marine environment at the southern end of the California Current Upwelling System. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Air Weapons Stn, Environm Div, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Oil Spill Prevent & Response, Sacramento, CA 94244 USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, POB 2012, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD APR PY 2000 VL 142 IS 2 BP 268 EP 279 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04866.x PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 300DG UT WOS:000086237100010 ER PT J AU Stubblebine, SG Meadows, CA AF Stubblebine, SG Meadows, CA TI Formal characterization and automated analysis of known-pair and chosen-text attacks SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chosen plaintext; cipher block chaining; cipher modes; cryptography; formal verification methods; known plaintext; network security; security and privacy; security assessment AB Formal methods have been successfully applied to exceedingly abstract system specifications to verify high level security properties such as authentication, key exchange, and fail-safe revocation, Furthermore, considerable research exists on evaluating particular ciphers and secure hash functions used to implement high level security properties. However, verifying that less abstract system specifications satisfy low level security properties has been largely impractical. This is evidenced by innumerable system vulnerabilities where high level properties are not attained due to failed assumptions of low level properties. This paper presents ongoing work on investigating known pairs and chosen text using the NRL Protocol Analyzer. We give a formal characterization of known and chosen pairs, and translate it to necessary and sufficiency conditions In the NRL Protocol Analyzer model. It is the first work the authors are aware of automatically discovering known-pair and chosen-text attacks, We describe the nse of the analyzer to rediscover attacks, to find new variants of attacks on an early version of the ESP protocol, and to show how our experience in using it has led us to refine our model. This was the first use of the Analyzer to model protocols at such a low level of abstraction. C1 CertCo, New York, NY 10004 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stubblebine, SG (reprint author), CertCo, New York, NY 10004 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 571 EP 581 DI 10.1109/49.839933 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 312BR UT WOS:000086923800004 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Spread-spectrum sequences from unstable periodic orbits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE CDMA; chaos; spread spectrum ID ASYNCHRONOUS DS-CDMA; CHAOTIC SIGNALS; SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION; COMMUNICATION; ATTRACTORS AB I find that it is possible to use the unstable periodic orbits (UPO's) from a chaotic system to approximate a chaotic signal from that system. The UPO's are used to create possible sequences of motion for the chaotic system, and these possible sequences are then compared to a noise-contaminated chaotic signal to determine which possible sequence is the best estimate for the noise-free signal. The comparison process has some similarity to CDMA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 EI 1558-0806 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1109/81.841846 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 314WR UT WOS:000087081000002 ER PT J AU McEachen, JC Nehorai, A Duncan, JS AF McEachen, JC Nehorai, A Duncan, JS TI Multiframe temporal estimation of cardiac nonrigid motion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE harmonic estimation; heart motion; nonrigid motion; recursive least squares (RLS) filtering; spatiotemporal analysis ID DEFORMABLE MODELS; WALL-MOTION; TRACKING; SHAPE; VELOCITY; SURFACE; HEART AB A robust, flexible system for tracking the point to point nonrigid motion of the left ventricular (LV) endocardial mall in image sequences has been developed. This system is unique in its ability to model motion trajectories across multiple frames. The foundation of this system is an adaptive transversal filter based on the recursive least-squares algorithm. This filter facilitates the integration of models for periodicity and proximal smoothness as appropriate using a contour-based description of the object's boundaries. A set of correspondences between contours and an associated set of correspondence quality measures comprise the input to the system. Frame-to-frame relationships from two different frames of reference are derived and analyzed using synthetic and actual images, Two multiframe temporal models, both based on a sum of sinusoids, are derived. Illustrative examples of the system's output are presented for quantitative analysis, Validation of the system is performed by comparing computed trajectory estimates with the trajectories of physical markers implanted in the LV wall, Sample case studies of marker trajectory comparisons are presented, Ensemble statistics from comparisons with 15 marker trajectories are acquired and analyzed, A multiframe temporal model without spatial periodicity constraints was determined to provide excellent performance with the least computational cost. A multiframe spatiotemporal model provided the best performance based on statistical standard deviation, although at significant computational expense. C1 USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Nehorai, Arye/G-1661-2011 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 651 EP 665 DI 10.1109/83.841941 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 304TJ UT WOS:000086500000012 PM 18255437 ER PT J AU Koffman, AD Avramov-Zamurovic, S Waltrip, BC Oldham, NM AF Koffman, AD Avramov-Zamurovic, S Waltrip, BC Oldham, NM TI Uncertainty analysis for four terminal-pair capacitance and dissipation factor characterization at 1 and 10 MHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE capacitance; dissipation factor; four terminal pair; impedance; precision measurements; uncertainty analysis AB The Electricity Division at the Nationals Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS) has developed the capability to characterize capacitance and dissipation factor for four terminal-pair (4TP) air dielectric capacitors at frequencies from 1 kHz to 10 MHz, The method, based on work by Cutkosy and Jones of NBS and recent developments by Hewlett-Packard Japan, involves single-port network analyzer impedance measurements at frequencies from 40 MHz to 200 MHz and capacitance measurements using a precision 1 kHz capacitance meter, A mathematical regression algorithm is used to extrapolate inductance and resistance measurements from the network analyzer down to 1 kHz in order to predict capacitance and dissipation factor from 1 kHz to 10 MHz. A comprehensive uncertainty analysis for the procedure is presented. C1 NIST, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Koffman, AD (reprint author), NIST, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2000 VL 49 IS 2 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.1109/19.843076 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 319EK UT WOS:000087328400026 ER PT J AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Koffman, AD Oldham, NM Waltrip, BC AF Avramov-Zamurovic, S Koffman, AD Oldham, NM Waltrip, BC TI The sensitivity of a method to predict a capacitor's frequency characteristic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE capacitance; dissipation factor; four terminal-pair capacitor; high frequency; impedance; precision measurements; sensitivity analysis AB A joint effort between the U.S. Naval Academy and the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) resulted in the development of a method to characterize the capacitance and dissipation factor of a set of commercial standard four terminal-pair (4TP) capacitors, The method depends on network analyzer impedance measurements at high frequencies (40 MH-200 MHz) and a regression of these measurements down to the frequency range of 10 MHz-1 kHz. This paper provides an analysis of the sensitivity of the regression parameters and the high-frequency impedance measurements. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Dept Commerce, Technol Adm, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol,Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2000 VL 49 IS 2 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1109/19.843085 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 319EK UT WOS:000087328400035 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM AF Manheimer, WM TI Parameter space for collisionless RF sheaths SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasma processing; radio frequency (RF) sheaths ID PLASMA SHEATHS; MODEL AB As plasma processing reactors approach higher density, the sheath models which neglect the radio frequency (RF) response of the ions become invalid. This work show that the nature of the collisionless RF ion sheath can be described in a number of different regimes of parameter space. These regimes can all be visualized on a single two-dimensional (2-D) plot where the horizontal axis is the ion plasma frequency divided by the frequency, and the vertical axis is the electron oscillating velocity divided by the ion sound speed. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 2 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1109/27.848093 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 333KW UT WOS:000088130300002 ER PT J AU Ciezki, JG Ashton, RW AF Ciezki, JG Ashton, RW TI Selection and stability issues associated with a navy shipboard DC zonal electric distribution system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE dc power systems; marine vehicle propulsion; power distribution; stability ID POWER AB The U.S. Navy is currently investigating the implementation of a DC Zonal Electric Distribution System (DC ZEDS) for the next generation of surface combatant. In replacing the current ac radial distribution system, significant gains can be realized in terms of survivability, weight, manning and cost. DC ZEDS is predicated on having starboard and port de busses feeding electrical zones delineated by watertight bulkhead compartments. The main bus de voltage is stepped down within the zone and then converted to three-phase ac and lower voltage de by additional power converters. Due to the large interconnection of tightly-regulated power converters in a stiffly-connected system, negative input impedance effects create the possibility of unwanted resonances. In this paper, the authors describe the rationale for the de zonal system, characterize the stability issues, and discuss fault detection and load shedding problems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ciezki, JG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD APR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1109/61.853002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 337ZL UT WOS:000088393600035 ER PT J AU Narum, DL Haynes, JD Fuhrmann, S Moch, K Liang, H Hoffman, SL Sim, BKL AF Narum, DL Haynes, JD Fuhrmann, S Moch, K Liang, H Hoffman, SL Sim, BKL TI Antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum receptor binding domain of EBA-175 block invasion pathways that do not involve sialic acids SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITES; MEROZOITE INVASION; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; GLYCOPHORIN-B; ANTIGEN; HETEROGENEITY; FAMILY AB The 175-kDa Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding protein (EBA-175) binds to its receptor, sialic acids on glycophorin A. The binding region within EBA-175 is a cysteine-rich region identified as region II. Antibodies against region II block the binding of native EBA-175 to erythrocytes. We identified a P. falciparum strain, FVO, that could not invade erythrocytes devoid of sialic acids due to prior neuraminidase treatment, and in addition, se used a strain, 3D7, that could invade such sialic acid-depleted erythrocytes. We used these two strains to study the capacity of anti-region II antibodies to inhibit FVO and 3D7 parasite development in vitro. Analysis of growth-inhibitory effects of purified FVO anti-region II immunoglobulin G (IgG) with the FVO and 3D7 strains resulted in similar levels of growth inhibition. FVO and 3D7 strains were inhibited between 28 and 56% compared to control IgG. There appeared to be no intracellular grow,th retardation or killing of either isolate, suggesting that invasion was indeed inhibited. Incubation of recombinant region II with anti-region II Ige reversed the growth inhibition. These results suggest that antibodies against region II can also Interfere with merozoite invasion pathways that do not involve sialic acids. The fact that EBA-175 has such a universal and yet susceptible role in erythrocyte invasion clearly supports its inclusion in a multivalent malaria vaccine. C1 Entremed Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Sim, BKL (reprint author), Entremed Inc, 9640 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36758] NR 16 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1964 EP 1966 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.4.1964-1966.2000 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 296EP UT WOS:000086010300030 PM 10722589 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Collins, W Egan, A Yadava, A Garraud, O Blackman, MJ Guevara-Patino, JA Diggs, C Kaslow, DC AF Kumar, S Collins, W Egan, A Yadava, A Garraud, O Blackman, MJ Guevara-Patino, JA Diggs, C Kaslow, DC TI Immunogenicity and efficacy in Aotus monkeys of four recombinant Plasmodium falciparum vaccines in multiple adjuvant formulations based on the 19-kilodalton C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; MALARIA; FRAGMENT; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES; YOELII; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of four versions of recombinant C-terminal 19-kDa epidermal growth factor-like region of the major surface protein 1 (rMSP1(19)) of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in Aotus monkeys. Vaccination with each of the four rMSP1(19) constructs elicited high levels of antibodies to MSP1(19) but only one construct, the 19-kDa fragment expressed as a secreted fusion protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yP30P2MSP1(19)), induced a high degree of protective immunity in Aotus nancymai against lethal P. falciparum challenge. Protective formulation required Freund's adjuvant; vaccination with yP30P2MSP1(19) in six other adjuvants that are suitable for human use induced lower levels of antibody response and no protection. These results emphasize the need to continue the search for an adjuvant that is comparable to Freund's adjuvant in potency and is safe for use in humans. C1 NIH, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. US Agcy Int Dev, Malad Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2215 EP 2223 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.4.2215-2223.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 296EP UT WOS:000086010300063 PM 10722622 ER PT J AU McKenna, KC Tsuji, M Sarzotti, M Sacci, JB Witney, AA Azad, AF AF McKenna, KC Tsuji, M Sarzotti, M Sacci, JB Witney, AA Azad, AF TI gamma delta T cells are a component of early immunity against preerythrocytic malaria parasites SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-YOELII SPOROZOITES; INDUCED FALCIPARUM MALARIA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; DEFICIENT MICE; ALPHA; PROTECTION; BERGHEI; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; LYMPHOCYTES AB We tested the hypothesis that gamma delta T cells are a component of an early immune response directed against preerythrocytic malaria parasites that are required for the induction of an effector alpha beta T-cell immune response generated by irradiated-sporozoite (irr-spz) immunization. gamma delta T-cell-deficient (TCR delta(-/-)) mice on a C57BL/6 background were challenged with Plasmodium yoelii (17XNL strain) sporozoites, and then liver parasite burden was measured at 42 h postchallenge. Liver parasite burden was measured by quantification of parasite-specific 18S rRNA in total liver RNA by quantitative-competitive reverse transcription-PCR and by an automated 5' exonuclease PCR Sporozoite-challenged TCR delta(-/-) mite showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in liver parasite burden compared to similarly challenged immunocompetent mice. In support of this result, TCR delta(-/-) mice were also found to be more susceptible than immunocompetent mice to a sporozoite challenge when blood-stage parasitemia was used as a readout. A greater percentage of TCR delta(-/-) mice than of immunocompetent mice progressed to a blood-stage infection when challenged with five or fewer sporozoites (odds ratio = 2.35, P = 0.06). TCR delta(-/-) mice receiving a single irr-spz immunization showed percent inhibition of liver parasites comparable to that of immunized immunocompetent mice following a sporozoite challenge. These data support the hypothesis that gamma delta T cells are a component of early immunity directed against malaria preerythrocytic parasites and suggest that gamma delta T cells are not required for the induction of an effector alpha beta T-cell immune response generated by irr-spz immunization. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY 10010 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Azad, AF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bressler Res Bldg,Room 13-009,655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RI Tsuji, Moriya/B-1471-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI040656, AI 17828, R37 AI017828, AI 43006, R01 AI043006, K02 AI001682, R01 AI017828] NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2224 EP 2230 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.4.2224-2230.2000 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 296EP UT WOS:000086010300064 PM 10722623 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM Carroll, TL AF Pecora, LM Carroll, TL TI Detecting chaotic drive-response geometry in generalized synchronization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-OSCILLATOR-SYSTEMS; TIME-SERIES; DIMENSION INCREASE; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; ATTRACTORS; SIGNALS AB Dynamical systems which can be decomposed into a drive-response pair sometimes display the phenomenon of generalized synchronization wherein the response state y is a function of the drive state x, y = phi(x). The questions of detecting when this is true in experimental data, and what are the properties of the function phi, require the development of statistics that are based on concepts and definitions from analysis, rather than the standard statistics literature. We show that these statistics can display when such a generalized synchronization situation exists and characterize the nature of the manifold (given by phi) of the response over the drive, including when that manifold is fractal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pecora, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6343, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD APR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 875 EP 889 DI 10.1142/S0218127400000645 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 323TJ UT WOS:000087580800016 ER PT J AU Huang, T Cheng, AG Stupak, H Liu, W Kim, A Staecker, H Lefebvre, PP Malgrange, B Kopke, R Moonen, G Van de Water, TR AF Huang, T Cheng, AG Stupak, H Liu, W Kim, A Staecker, H Lefebvre, PP Malgrange, B Kopke, R Moonen, G Van de Water, TR TI Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cochlear sensory cells: otoprotective strategies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; auditory system; neurons; hair cells; reactive oxygen species; caspases; calpains; cisplatin; trophic factor withdrawal; ischemia/hypoxia ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; CISPLATIN-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INDUCED NEURONAL APOPTOSIS; AUDITORY HAIR-CELLS; INNER-EAR; CALPAIN INHIBITOR; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA AB Apoptosis is an important process, both for normal development of the inner ear and for removal of oxidative-stress damaged sensory cells from the cochlea. Oxidative-stressors of auditory sensory cells include: loss of trophic factor support, ischemia reperfusion, and ototoxins. Loss of trophic factor support and cisplatin ototoxicity, both initiate the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, The interaction of reactive oxygen species and Free radicals with membrane phospholipids of auditory sensory cells creates aldehydic lipid peroxidation products. One of these aldehydes, 4-hydroxynonenal, functions as a mediator of apoptosis for both auditory neurons and hair cells. We present several approaches for the prevention of auditory sensory loss from reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis: 1) preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species; (2) neutralizing the toxic products of membrane lipid peroxidation; and 3) blocking the damaged sensory cells' apoptotic pathway. (C) 2000 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Otolaryngol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Liege, Dept Human Physiol & Pathophysiol, Liege, Belgium. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Army, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Van de Water, TR (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. OI Staecker, Hinrich/0000-0002-0348-3015; Malgrange, Brigitte/0000-0002-8957-2528 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS07098] NR 56 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0736-5748(99)00094-5 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 299KM UT WOS:000086197800017 PM 10715580 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI The fractional Fourier transform and ISAR imaging SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Letter ID DOPPLER RADAR; CHIRP AB We comment on a connection between the fractional Fourier transform and inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging (ISAR). The results help illuminate older constructions due to Bernfeld (Bernfeld M 1984 Chirp Doppler radar Proc. IEEE Lett. 72 540) and Feig and Griinbaum (Feig E and Griinbaum A 1986 Tomographic methods in range-Doppler radar Inverse Problems 2 185-95) and suggest a fast scheme for eliminating the polar data refonnatting step in (ordinary) ISAR imaging. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/16/2/101 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 314AB UT WOS:000087031000002 ER PT J AU Poch, GK Klette, KL Anderson, C AF Poch, GK Klette, KL Anderson, C TI The quantitation of 2-oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD) in human urine specimens, a metabolite of LSD: Comparative analysis using liquid chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-DEMETHYL-LSD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BODY-FLUIDS C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 34425 Farenholt Ave,Suite 40, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 170 EP 179 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 298DG UT WOS:000086123600003 PM 10774536 ER PT J AU Mathieu, JE Heffner, TS Goodwin, GF Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA AF Mathieu, JE Heffner, TS Goodwin, GF Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA TI The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION; MEDIATOR; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of teammates' shared mental models on team processes and performance was tested using 56 undergraduate dyads who "flew" a series of missions on a personal-computer-based flight combat simulation. The authors bath conceptually and empirically distinguished between teammates' task- and team-based mental models and indexed their convergence or "sharedness" using individually completed paired-comparisons matrices analyzed using a network-based algorithm. The results illustrated that both shared-team- and task-based mental models related positively to subsequent team process and performance. Furthermore, ream processes fully mediated the relationship between mental model convergence and team effectiveness. Results are discussed in terms of the role of shared cognitions in team effectiveness and the applicability of different interventions designed to achieve such convergence. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Psychol, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Orlando, FL USA. RP Mathieu, JE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Business Adm, Dept Management, 368 Fairfield Rd,6-41MG, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 56 TC 700 Z9 728 U1 15 U2 176 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 85 IS 2 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1037//0021-9010.85.2.273 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 371JF UT WOS:000165175000010 PM 10783543 ER PT J AU Scheufele, PM AF Scheufele, PM TI Effects of progressive relaxation and classical music on measurements of attention, relaxation, and stress responses SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE attention; relaxation; stress management; progressive relaxation; music; mechanism ID MOOD STATES; ANXIETY; IMAGERY; REDUCTION; PROFILE; THERAPY AB The present experiment examined relaxation using different experimental conditions to test whether the effects of individual elements of relaxation could be measured whether specific effects were revealed or whether relaxation resulted from a generalized "relaxation response." Sixty-seven normal, male volunteers were exposed to a stress manipulation and then to one of two relaxation (Progressive Relaxation, Music) or control (Attention Control, Silence) conditions Measurements of attention, relaxation, and stress responses were obtained during each phase of the experiment. All four groups exhibited similar performance on behavioral measures of attention that suggested a reduction in physiological arousal following their relaxation or control condition, as well as a decreased heart rate. Progressive Relaxation, however, resulted in the greatest effects on behavioral and self-report measures of relaxation, suggesting that cognitive cues provided by stress management techniques contribute to relaxation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Scheufele, PM (reprint author), USN, Dept Psychol, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0160-7715 J9 J BEHAV MED JI J. Behav. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 207 EP 228 DI 10.1023/A:1005542121935 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 315JE UT WOS:000087109700006 PM 10833680 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Ganguli, G AF Penano, JR Ganguli, G TI Generation of ELF electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere by localized transverse dc electric fields: Subcyclotron frequency regime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; AURORAL ARC; VELOCITY SHEAR; ELECTROSTATIC-WAVES; DOUBLE-LAYERS; ULF WAVES; PLASMA; ACCELERATION; ALTITUDE AB It is commonly believed that Alfvenic waves observed in the ionosphere originated at trans ionospheric altitudes. However, recent observations of waves localized over skin depth scales, which are prone to Landau damping, and upward going Poynting flux suggest an ionospheric source. This theoretical study establishes the generation of electromagnetic waves at subcyclotron frequencies by localized static electric fields of the type commonly observed in the auroral ionosphere. The problem is formulated in terms of an eigenvalue system of equations which can describe all cold plasma normal modes, ion acoustic waves, and the various mode couplings induced by nonuniform electric fields. It is found that the velocity shear associated with the background electric field can significantly affect the observable properties of Alfven waves. In particular, Alfven waves can be destabilized when the magnitude of the velocity shear frequency exceeds the ion cyclotron frequency. Velocity shear can also significantly modify the ratio of E/B for these waves. The analysis further reveals electromagnetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, which are non-Alfvenic, with lower velocity shear thresholds. We model conditions encountered by several rockets and satellites, for example, FAST, Freja, AMICIST, AT2, to analyze wave properties and find that for typical ionospheric parameters the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities can generate electromagnetic waves with broadbanded spectra and other physical characteristics similar to observations. It is also shown that these waves are capable of resonant interaction with electrons over localized regions and hence may be important to understanding the generation of suprathermal electron bursts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A4 BP 7441 EP 7457 DI 10.1029/1999JA000303 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300FZ UT WOS:000086222800004 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Cliver, EW Crooker, NU Cyr, OCS Thompson, BJ AF Webb, DF Cliver, EW Crooker, NU Cyr, OCS Thompson, BJ TI Relationship of halo coronal mass ejections, magnetic clouds, and magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTH CONNECTION EVENT; X-RAY EVENTS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; JANUARY 1997; SOLAR ORIGIN; CYCLE; CMES; WIND; TRANSIENTS; DISRUPTION AB Halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) had been rarely reported in coronagraph observations of the Sun before the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission. Since mid-1996, however, the SOHO Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instruments have observed many halo or partial-halo CMEs. A halo CME, especially when associated with solar activity near sun center, is important for space weather concerns because it suggests the launch of a potentially geoeffective disturbance toward Earth. During the post-solar minimum period from December 1996 to June 1997, we found that all six halo CMEs that were likely Earthward-directed were associated with shocks, magnetic clouds, and moderate geomagnetic storms at Earth 3-5 days later. The results imply that magnetic cloud-like structures are a general characteristic of CMEs. Most of the storms were driven by strong, sustained southward fields either in the magnetic clouds, in the post-shock region, or both. We discuss the characteristics of the halo events observed during this period, their associated signatures near the solar surface, and their usefulness as predictors of space weather at Earth. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CPI, USN,Res Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA USA. EM webb@plh.af.mil RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 59 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A4 BP 7491 EP 7508 DI 10.1029/1999JA000275 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300FZ UT WOS:000086222800009 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI The war against Rommel's supply lines, 1942-1943 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2 BP 585 EP 586 DI 10.2307/120303 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 297CD UT WOS:000086063200064 ER PT J AU Goodsell, DS Gaber, BP AF Goodsell, DS Gaber, BP TI The art of molecular graphics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20374 USA. RP Goodsell, DS (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 349RP UT WOS:000089059600010 PM 10994520 ER PT J AU Elayan, IM Axley, MJ Prasad, PV Ahlers, ST Auker, CR AF Elayan, IM Axley, MJ Prasad, PV Ahlers, ST Auker, CR TI Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on nitric oxide and oxygen free radicals in rat brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; SALICYLATE HYDROXYLATION; REVERSIBLE INACTIVATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; SYNTHASE; EXPOSURE; GENERATION; CONVULSIONS; MODULATION; METABOLISM AB Oxygen (O-2) at high pressures acts as a neurotoxic agent leading to convulsions. The mechanism of this neurotoxicity is not known; however, oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide (NO) have been suggested as contributors. This study was designed to follow the formation of oxygen free radicals and NO in the rat brain under hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) conditions using in vivo microdialysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100% O-2 at a pressure of 3 atm absolute for 2 h. The formation of 2;3-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) as a result of perfusing sodium salicylate was followed as an indicator for the formation of hydroxyl radicals. 2,3-DHBA levels in hippocampal and striatal dialysates of animals exposed to HBO conditions were not significantly different from controls. However, rats treated under the same conditions showed a six- and fourfold increase in nitrite/nitrate, break down products of NO decomposition, in hippocampal and striatal dialysates, respectively. This increase was completely blocked by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Using neuronal NOS, we determined the NOS O-2 K-m to be 158 +/- 28 (SD) mmHg, a value which suggests that production of NO by NOS would increase approximately four- to fivefold under hyperbaric O-2 conditions, closely matching the measured increase in vivo. The increase in NO levels may be partially responsible for some of the detrimental effects of HBO conditions. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Elayan, IM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Natl Naval Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 43 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3077 J9 J NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Neurophysiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 4 BP 2022 EP 2029 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 306LV UT WOS:000086598900023 PM 10758112 ER PT J AU Behar, E Doron, R Mandelbaum, P Schwob, JL Jacobs, VL AF Behar, E Doron, R Mandelbaum, P Schwob, JL Jacobs, VL TI Electron density dependence of dielectronic recombination in highly ionized atoms SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID NI-LIKE; SATELLITE SPECTRA; CU-LIKE; CONFIGURATIONS; COEFFICIENTS; IONS AB A model is introduced for investigating the effect of electron-ion inelastic collisions on dielectronic recombination (DR) and predicting its electron-density dependence. A general method for obtaining effective DR rate coefficients for optically thin dense plasmas is described. Level-by-level relativistic calculations are performed for DR of Ne-like iron. The results clearly show that, as the electron density increases, the first density effect is an enhancement of the DR rates through collisional transitions among the doubly excited autoionizing levels. At higher densities, collisional stabilization and collisional ionization play an important role. The former process enhances the DR rate, whereas the latter reduces it. It is found that the total collisional effect, which is a combination of the collisional mixing, collisional stabilization, and collisional ionization effects, is an enhancement of the DR rate coefficients of Ne-like iron by a factor of 2 at an electron density of 10(24) cm(-3) and at an electron temperature of kT(e) = 200 eV. At lower temperatures (kT(e) = 100 eV), the total enhancement can be as much as one order of magnitude. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Behar, E (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00057-6 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 275TR UT WOS:000084836700009 ER PT J AU Elton, RC Cobble, JA Griem, HR Montgomery, DS Mancini, RC Jacobs, VL Behar, E AF Elton, RC Cobble, JA Griem, HR Montgomery, DS Mancini, RC Jacobs, VL Behar, E TI Anomalous satellite-line intensities from a TRIDENT laser-produced plasma SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITES; SPECTRA AB An unusual enhancement of two normally-weak and density-stable satellite spectral lines resulting from 2s(2)-1s2p and 1s2s(2)-1s(2)2p transitions in He- and Li-like ions of silicon has been observed in laser-produced plasma experiments at the TRIDENT facility. Space-resolved intensities compared to other more-intense satellites formed by dielectronic recombination are increased by a factor as high as 8 over code predictions at low density (coronal limit). The data were obtained using temporally- and spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopic measurements, supported by Thomson scattering diagnostics. One explanation considered is that the more-intense satellite lines are opacity limited. This suggests a method of determining radiative transfer on the more intense lines, by comparison measurements. Also coincident with these two enhanced features is a K-alpha blend from low stages of ionization, which suggests some alternate interpretation, A complete understanding of the observed anomalies awaits further experimentation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Elton, RC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00066-7 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 275TR UT WOS:000084836700018 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Behar, E AF Jacobs, VL Behar, E TI Dielectronic recombination satellite transitions in dense plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; URANIUM IONS; RADIATION; AUTOIONIZATION; INTERFERENCE; SCATTERING AB Radiative and dielectronic recombination of multiply charged many-electron ions in high-temperature plasmas are usually treated as independent, non-interfering processes. A projection-operator and resolvent-operator approach has been developed to provide a fundamental, unified quantum-mechanical description of the combined electron-ion photo-recombination process. This ordinary Hilbert-space approach provides a valid description in low-density electron-ion beam interactions or in low-density plasmas. By means of the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC), cross sections for photo-recombination of He-like ions through autoionizing states in Li-like ions have been obtained. For certain transitions, interference effects are predicted in the form of radiatively modified, asymmetric satellite cross-section profiles (or spectral line shapes). A density-matrix formulation has been developed for high-density plasmas, for which collisional and radiative relaxation processes can play an important role. Using Liouville-space projection-operator techniques, collisional and radiative relaxation processes (including cascades) are incorporated on an equal footing and in a self-consistent manner with autoionization and radiative emission. Both time-independent (resolvent-operator) and time-dependent (equation-of-motion) formulations are developed. The density-matrix approach provides a comprehensive description of the broadening of dielectronic satellite spectral lines due to autoionization processes, radiative transitions, electron-ion collisions, and electric and magnetic fields. We plan to adapt HULLAC so that the various elementary electron-ion collisional and radiative transition amplitudes can be used as input data in a generalized collisional-radiative model based on the density-matrix formulation. By means of the density-matrix approach, radiation processes involving resonant and non-resonant transitions in a diverse class of quantized electronic systems can be treated within the context of a single quantum statistical formulation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Condensed Matter & Radiat Sci, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Code 6693, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1-3 BP 317 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00077-1 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 275TR UT WOS:000084836700029 ER PT J AU Wolf, SA AF Wolf, SA TI Spintronics, electronics for the next millenium? SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE spin transport; spin-polarized carriers; spin-enhanced devices; quantum information processing; spintronics AB Spintronics, in which the spin degree of freedom of the electron will play an important role in addition to or in place of the charge degree of freedom in mainstream electronics will be important as we start the new millenium. The prospects for this new electronics will be described in the article below. C1 DARPA, Def Sci Org, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolf, SA (reprint author), DARPA, Def Sci Org, 3701 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 0 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1023/A:1007764131406 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 294NF UT WOS:000085916800002 ER PT J AU Osofsky, M AF Osofsky, M TI Spin-injection SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE spin-injection; spin-polarization; spin-polarized tunneling; spin-polarized transport ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METAL INTERFACE; GOLD-FILMS; FERROMAGNET; GAAS; TRANSPORT; CHARGE; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB During the past decade there has been a growing interest in the properties of electronic systems driven out of equilibrium by the injection of spin-polarized carriers. Since ferromagnetic metals are characterized by majority and minority spin sub-bands, such a state can be realized and studied by current biasing structures consisting of ferromagnetic/non-ferromagnetic layers. This review describes several aspects of this area of research including the concept and measurement of spin polarization, the generic spin injection structure, spin-injection into various materials (noble metals, semiconductors, and superconductors), and magnetic tunneling phenomena. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Osofsky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 90 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1023/A:1007747932314 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 294NF UT WOS:000085916800004 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Norton, MS Riffenburgh, RH AF Johnstone, PAS Norton, MS Riffenburgh, RH TI Survival of patients with untreated breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE breast neoplasms; untreated; actuarial analysis; historical data AB Knowing the clinical prognosis of untreated breast cancer is useful in dealing with patients with neglected disease or in environments with poorly developed healthcare systems. This study analyzes historical survival data in two sets of untreated patients: (1) 250 patients followed until death (up to 12 years) for which autopsy results are available and (2) an amalgam of 1,022 patients from several papers. Data from nine published papers underwent actuarial analysis. Median survival time of the 250 patients followed to death was 2.7 years. Actuarial 5- and 10-year survival rates for these patients with untreated breast cancer was 18.4% and 3.6%, respectively. For the amalgamated 1,022 patients, median survival time was 2.3 years. Actuarial 5- and (partially fitted) 10-year survival rates for these patients with untreated breast cancer was 19.8% and 3.7%, respectively. Historical data of untreated breast cancer patients reveal a potential for long survival in some cases. The spectrum of clinical aggressiveness of breast cancer varies between virulence and chronic disease. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Med Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 73 IS 4 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9098(200004)73:4<273::AID-JSO15>3.0.CO;2-H PG 5 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 308PG UT WOS:000086721600015 PM 10797344 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Dacol, DK AF Collins, MD Dacol, DK TI A mapping approach for handling sloping interfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PARABOLIC-EQUATION METHOD; WAVE-PROPAGATION; OCEAN; SURFACE; MODEL; ROUGH; SCATTERING; ACOUSTICS; BOTTOM AB A mapping approach for handling sloping interfaces in parabolic equation solutions is developed and tested. At each range, the medium is rigidly translated vertically so that a sloping interface becomes horizontal. To simplify the approach, the slope is assumed to be small and the extra terms that arise in the wave equation under the mapping are neglected. The effects of these terms can be approximately accounted for by applying a leading-order correction to the phase. The mapping introduces variations in topography, which are relatively easy to handle for the case of a pressure-release boundary condition. The accuracy of the approach is demonstrated for problems involving fluid sediments. The approach should also be accurate for problems involving elastic sediments and should be useful for solving three-dimensional problems involving variable topography. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00204-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1937 EP 1942 DI 10.1121/1.428476 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 302LR UT WOS:000086367000015 ER PT J AU Mignerey, PC AF Mignerey, PC TI Environmentally adaptive wedge modes SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL OCEAN ENVIRONMENTS; SHALLOW-WATER WEDGE; DOWNSLOPE PROPAGATION; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; PENETRABLE BOTTOM; SOUND-PROPAGATION; WAVE-GUIDES; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; PARABOLIC EQUATION; SLOPING BOTTOM AB The notion of environmentally adaptive, curvilinear, uncoupled normal modes is developed by writing the Helmholtz equation in curvilinear coordinates. The depth-dependent vertical scaling function provides some coordinate freedom missing from the Cartesian formulation, This freedom permits adaptation of the normal mode approach to variable depth and variable sound-speed problems for environments that change slowly in range. A W.K.B, approximation to the eigenfunctions shows modal decoupling can be realized when the vertical scaling function is chosen equal to the reciprocal of the depth-dependent vertical wave number of the lowest mode. Numerical simulations demonstrate that a requirement for constant inter-modal ratios of the vertical wave number is valid throughout several wedges with different bottom boundary conditions. The horizontal refraction of such modes agrees closely with analytic solutions. For a wide-angle wedge, the acoustic field agrees qualitatively well with the benchmark solution of Dean and Buckingham. [S0001-4966(00)02804-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mignerey, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1943 EP 1952 DI 10.1121/1.428477 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 302LR UT WOS:000086367000016 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Schmidt, H Siegmann, WL AF Collins, MD Schmidt, H Siegmann, WL TI An energy-conserving spectral solution SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2-WAY PARABOLIC EQUATION; ELASTIC MEDIA; OCEAN; DEPTH AB An energy-conserving spectral solution is derived and tested. A range-dependent medium is approximated by a sequence of range-independent regions. In each region, the acoustic field is represented in terms of the horizontal wave-number spectrum. A condition corresponding to energy conservation is derived for the vertical interfaces between regions. The accuracy of the approach is demonstrated for problems involving sloping ocean bottoms. The energy-conserving spectral solution is less efficient than the energy-conserving parabolic equation solution, but might be suitable for generalization to problems involving elastic bottoms. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00704-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1964 EP 1966 DI 10.1121/1.428479 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 302LR UT WOS:000086367000018 ER PT J AU DiPerna, DT Feit, D AF DiPerna, DT Feit, D TI A perturbation technique for the prediction of the displacement of a line-drivers plate with discontinuities SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; SOUND AB A novel technique is presented for obtaining approximate analytic expressions for an inhomogeneous line-driven plate. The equation of motion for the inhomogeneous plate is transformed, and the transform of the total displacement is written as a sum of the solution for a homogeneous line-driven plate plus a term due to the inhomogeneity. The result is an integral equation for the transform of the inhomogeneous contribution. This expression may in general be solved numerically. However, by introducing a small parameter into the problem, it may be solved approximately using perturbation techniques. This series may not be convergent, but its convergence may be improved using Padi approximation. Results are presented for the case of a single mass discontinuity, and a distribution of mass discontinuities. [S0001-4966(00)05304-2]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signatures Directorate, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP DiPerna, DT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signatures Directorate, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 4 BP 2004 EP 2010 DI 10.1121/1.428484 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 302LR UT WOS:000086367000023 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Lloyd, IK AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Lloyd, IK TI Physical properties of chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIBERS AB The physical properties of glasses in the Ge30As10Se((60-x))Te(x) system with x = 25, 28, 30, and 35 at.% Te, the Ge(30)As(10)Se(30)Teo((30-y))I(y) system with y = 5, 10, 20, and 30 at.% I, the Ge30As10Se35Te(25-z)Iz system with z = 2, 6, 10, and 20 at. % I, and the [Ge30As10Se30Te30]((100-w))I-w system with w = 0, 5, 10, and 20 at,% I have been investigated. The changes in the glass transition temperature, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, and viscosity are attributed to the delocalized metallic bonding character of Te in the substitution of Te for Se in the Ge-As-Se-Te glass system and the network-terminating role of iodine in the substitution of I for Te in the Ge-As-Se-Te-I glass system, respectively. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Engn, Fiber & Electroopt Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Engn, Fiber & Electroopt Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 4 BP 855 EP 859 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 304WJ UT WOS:000086506800027 ER PT J AU Bush, RA Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA AF Bush, RA Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA TI The association of blisters with musculoskeletal injuries in male marine recruits SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FRICTION BLISTERS; OVERUSE INJURIES; SPORTS; FOOT AB A prospective study examining the epidemiology of blisters and, in particular, the association of blisters with subsequent injuries was conducted involving 2,130 male US Marine Corps recruits participating in initial physical training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego, California. From January 1993 through September 1994, recruits experienced an incidence of 2.05 blisters per 100 recruit-months. Recruits with blisters were 50% more likely to experience an additional training-related injury. Blisters, in combination with other related injuries, resulted in 159 clinic visits, 103 days of assigned light duty, and 177 lost days of training. This loss of time cost a minimum of $29,529. Extrapolating to the annual population of recruits, this represents an approximate annual expense of $690,000. Aggressive blister prevention and management in this setting has the potential to greatly reduce morbidity and fiscal costs. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bush, RA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 USA SN 0003-0538 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 4 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 481KC UT WOS:000171517600004 PM 10800273 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, F Ross, IM TI A spectral patching method for direct trajectory optimization SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Richard H Battin Astrodynamics Symposium CY MAR 19-21, 2000 CL TEXAX A&M UNIV, COLLEGE STN, TX SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Texas Eng Expt Stn, Aerosp Engn Dept HO TEXAX A&M UNIV ID DIFFERENTIAL INCLUSION; COLLOCATION AB A new direct method for trajectory optimization is presented in this paper. This method is based on using global orthogonal polynomials instead of the traditional spline-integration methods to discretize the dynamical constraints. The states and controls are approximated by interpolating polynomials with unknown coefficients as the values of the functions at the collocation points. The collocation points are the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points which provide the smallest error in interpolation in the least-squares sense. They also provide an expression for the Lagrange interpolating polynomials used as trial functions in terms of Legendre polynomials. In order to achieve a greater freedom in the distribution of the collocation points, we present a patching method wherein the time domain may be arbitrarily divided into a few subintervals. The state equations over these subintervals are discretized by the spectral collocation method. Then, the solutions on these subintervals are "patched" by a continuity condition. In this patching method, by judiciously combining the ideas of the traditional collocation methods with global spectral methods, we achieve advantages of both methods while using neither. Results for the simplified Moon-landing problem (selected in honor of Professor Battin) show that the spectral patching method works well for just two subintervals. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-FF, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.navy.mil; imross@nps.navy.mil NR 22 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 2-3 BP 269 EP 286 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 435WW UT WOS:000168906000010 ER PT J AU Powell, CR McAleer, I Alagiri, M Kaplan, GW AF Powell, CR McAleer, I Alagiri, M Kaplan, GW TI Comparison of flaps versus grafts in proximal hypospadias surgery SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; hypospadias; surgical flaps; transplants; urethra ID ONLAY ISLAND FLAP; DISTAL PENILE HYPOSPADIAS; SKIN-GRAFT; REPAIR; EXPERIENCE; RECONSTRUCTION; CHORDEE; HARRIS AB Purpose: We analyzed the complication rate in patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair using preputial skin as a flap or free graft. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 142 patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair. Repairs were subdivided into tubed and onlay repairs within the flap and free graft groups. We analyzed postoperative complications, including fistulas, proximal strictures, diverticula and meatal stenosis. Results: Median patient age at followup was 11.3 months and median followup was 9.4 months. Two-thirds of the repairs were performed with free grafts.. A proximal stricture developed in 8 and 0 patients who underwent free tubed graft and free onlay repair, respectively (p = 0.047). Otherwise there was no significant difference in the complication rate of the various types of repair. Of the 43 patients who had stricture, fistula or meatal stenosis 29 (67%) presented more than 1 year after surgery. Conclusions: In repairs performed with free grafts there is a significantly higher proximal stricture rate when a tube rather than an onlay is used. Otherwise we noted no significant difference in the complication rates of flaps and grafts used to repair proximal hypospadias. A significant number of complications presented more than I year postoperatively and they may even present as late as 4 years. This finding suggests that longer followup may be necessary to assess completely the outcome of proximal hypospadias surgery. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Powell, CR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 163 IS 4 BP 1286 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67762-2 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 295NE UT WOS:000085974000076 PM 10737530 ER PT J AU Dennis, B Otten, MRM AF Dennis, B Otten, MRM TI Joint effects of density dependence and rainfall on abundance of San Joaquin kit fox SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AIC; BIC; bootstrapping; California grassland; carrying capacity density dependence; ecological time series; kangaroo rat; kit fox; logistic model; population viability analysis; stochastic population model; SIC; Vulpes macrotis mutica ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TIME-SERIES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPLEX DYNAMICS; PREY; SIZE; PARAMETERS; GRADIENT; WEATHER; MODELS AB We analyzed time-series abundances of San Joaquin kit fox estimated during 1983-95 on the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPRC). For the analysis, we modified a model of density-dependent, stochastic population growth to include the lagged effects of a weather covariate (vegetation growing season rainfall). Without the covariate in the model, a statistical test failed to detect significant density dependence in fluctuating kit fox abundances. However, when the covariate was added, strong density dependence was detected. According to an information-theoretic model-selection index, the model with both density dependence and rainfall is far superior to the models that result from deleting one or more of these factors. The 2- year time lag in the response of kit fos abundances to changes in rainfall is consistent with biological expectations of how rainfall affects habitat carrying capacity for kit fox. An additional covariate, a coyote abundance index failed to improve the model. A population viability analysis (PVA) performed with the combined density dependence-rainfall model suggests that the San Joaquin kit fox on NPRC could face a risk of up to 52% of falling to low levels within 20 years. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Div Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN, Endangered Species Res Program, Petr Reserves Calif, Tupman, CA 93276 USA. RP Dennis, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM brian@uidaho.edu NR 67 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2 BP 388 EP 400 DI 10.2307/3803237 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 305MD UT WOS:000086543100008 ER PT J AU Babiker, A Darby, S De Angelis, D Kwart, D Porter, K Beral, V Darbyshire, J Day, N Gill, N Coutinho, R Prins, M van Benthem, B Coutinho, R Dabis, F Marimoutou, C Ruiz, I Tusell, J Altisent, C Evatt, B Jaffe, H Kirk, O Pedersen, C Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Biggar, R Melbye, M Brettie, R Downs, A Hamouda, O Touloumi, G Karafoulidou, A Katsarou, O Donfield, S Gomperts, E Hilgartner, M Hoots, K Schoenbaum, E Beral, V Zangerle, R Del Amo, J Pezzotti, P Rezza, G Hutchinson, S Day, N De Angelis, D Gore, S Kingsley, L Schrager, L Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Melnick, S Koblin, B Eskild, A Bruun, J Sannes, M Evans, B Lepri, AC Sabin, C Buchbinder, S Vittinghoff, E Moss, A Osmond, D Winkelstein, W Goldberg, D Boufassa, F Meyer, L Egger, M Francioli, P Rickenbach, M Cooper, D Tindall, B Sharkey, T Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Cunningham, P Vanhems, P Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Learmont, J Farewell, V Berglund, O Mosley, J Operskalski, E van den Berg, M Metzger, D Tobin, D Woody, G Rusnak, J Hendrix, C Garner, R Hawkes, C Renzullo, P Garland, F Darby, S Ewart, D Giangrande, P Lee, C Phillips, A Spooner, R Wilde, J Winter, M Babiker, A Darbyshire, J Evans, B Gill, N Johnson, A Phillips, A Porter, K Lorenzo, JI Schechter, M AF Babiker, A Darby, S De Angelis, D Kwart, D Porter, K Beral, V Darbyshire, J Day, N Gill, N Coutinho, R Prins, M van Benthem, B Coutinho, R Dabis, F Marimoutou, C Ruiz, I Tusell, J Altisent, C Evatt, B Jaffe, H Kirk, O Pedersen, C Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Biggar, R Melbye, M Brettie, R Downs, A Hamouda, O Touloumi, G Karafoulidou, A Katsarou, O Donfield, S Gomperts, E Hilgartner, M Hoots, K Schoenbaum, E Beral, V Zangerle, R Del Amo, J Pezzotti, P Rezza, G Hutchinson, S Day, N De Angelis, D Gore, S Kingsley, L Schrager, L Rosenberg, P Goedert, J Melnick, S Koblin, B Eskild, A Bruun, J Sannes, M Evans, B Lepri, AC Sabin, C Buchbinder, S Vittinghoff, E Moss, A Osmond, D Winkelstein, W Goldberg, D Boufassa, F Meyer, L Egger, M Francioli, P Rickenbach, M Cooper, D Tindall, B Sharkey, T Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Cunningham, P Vanhems, P Vizzard, J Kaldor, J Learmont, J Farewell, V Berglund, O Mosley, J Operskalski, E van den Berg, M Metzger, D Tobin, D Woody, G Rusnak, J Hendrix, C Garner, R Hawkes, C Renzullo, P Garland, F Darby, S Ewart, D Giangrande, P Lee, C Phillips, A Spooner, R Wilde, J Winter, M Babiker, A Darbyshire, J Evans, B Gill, N Johnson, A Phillips, A Porter, K Lorenzo, JI Schechter, M CA Collaborative Grp AIDS Incubation TI Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to AIDS and death before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative re-analysis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HEPATITIS-C; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; AGE; HEMOPHILIA; SURVIVAL AB Background We used data from Europe, North America, and Australia to assess the effect of exposure category on the AIDS incubation period and HIV-1 survival and whether the effect of age at seroconversion varies with exposure category and with time since seroconversion. Methods 38 studies of HIV-1-infected individuals whose dates of seroconversion could be reliably estimated were included in the analysis. Individual data on 13 030 HIV-1-infected individuals from 15 countries were collated, checked, and analysed centrally. We calculated estimates of mortality and AIDS incidence rates and estimated the proportions of individuals surviving and developing AIDS at each year after seroconversion from the numbers of observed deaths or cases of AIDS and the corresponding person-years at risk. Analyses were adjusted for age at seroconversion, time since seroconversion, and other factors as appropriate. Findings Mortality and AIDS incidence increased strongly with time since seroconversion and age at seroconversion. Median survival varied from 12.5 years (95% CI 12.1-12.9) for those aged 15-24 years at seroconversion to 7.9 years (7.4-8.5) for those aged 45-54 years at seroconversion, whereas for development of AIDS the corresponding values were 11.0 years (10.7-11.7) and 7.7 years (7.1-8.6). There was no appreciable effect of exposure category on survival. For AIDS incidence, the exposure category effect that we noted was explained by the high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in those infected through sex between men. We estimated that among people aged 25-29 years at seroconversion 90% (89-91) and 60% (57-62) survived to 5 years and 10 years, respectively, after seroconversion, whereas 13% (12-15) and 46% (44-49), respectively, developed AIDS (excluding Kaposi's sarcoma). Interpretation Before widespread use of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (before 1996), time since seroconversion and age at seroconversion were the major determinants of survival and development of AIDS in Europe, North America, and Australia. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Amsterdam Cohort Study Drug Users, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amsterdam Cohort Study Homosexual Men, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Barcelona Haemophillia Cohort, Barcelona, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Copenhagen Cohort, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aquitaine Cohort, Aquitaine, France. Edinburgh City Hosp Cohort, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. European Ctr Epidemiol Monitoring AIDS, St Maurice, France. HERO Study, Birmingham, AL USA. Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. Innsbruck AIDS Study, Innsbruck, Austria. Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. MRC BIAS, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York Prospect AIDS Study, New York, NY 10021 USA. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England. Royal Free Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. San Francisco City Clin Cohort, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp Cohort, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Mens Hlth Study, San Francisco, CA USA. Scottish Ctr Infect & Environm Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Lausanne, Switzerland. Sydney AIDS Prospect Study, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Primary HIV Infect Cohort, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Primary HIV Infect Working Party, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Sydney Red Cross Cohort, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Toronto Sexual Hlth Study, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Utrecht Hosp, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Penn, Risk Assessment Project, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USAF, HIV Nat Hist Study, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Data Syst Cohort, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USN, HIV Cohort, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Valencia Haemophilia Cohort, Valencia, Spain. Vancouver Lymphadenopathy AIDS Study, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Beral, V (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. RI Sabin, Caroline/C-2464-2008; Phillips, Andrew/B-4427-2008; Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; SHCS, int. coll. B/G-4090-2011; SHCS, all/G-4072-2011; Metzger, David/D-9499-2012; Hendrix, Craig/G-4182-2014; REZZA, GIOVANNI/D-4393-2016; DEL AMO VALERO, JULIA/M-7020-2015 OI Phillips, Andrew/0000-0003-2384-4807; Hendrix, Craig/0000-0002-5696-8665; REZZA, GIOVANNI/0000-0003-0268-6790; DEL AMO VALERO, JULIA/0000-0002-3104-540X NR 26 TC 260 Z9 265 U1 2 U2 16 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9210 BP 1131 EP 1137 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 302TC UT WOS:000086380900010 ER PT J AU Shirk, JS Rosenberg, A AF Shirk, JS Rosenberg, A TI Intensity-dependent transmission protects sensors SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LIMITER AB Nonlinear absorption properties make photonic crystals useful optical limiters where protection is needed from sudden flashes of high-intensity light. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shirk, JS (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 121 EP + PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 302JX UT WOS:000086362900034 ER PT J AU Scribner, D Warren, P Schuler, O AF Scribner, D Warren, P Schuler, O TI Extending color vision methods to bands beyond the visible SO MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE infrared; image fusion; sensor fusion ID CONSTANCY AB There is a rapid growth in sensor technology in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the visible. Also, the parallel growth of powerful, inexpensive computers and digital electronics has made many new imaging applications possible. Although there are many approaches to sensor fusion, this paper provides a discussion of relevant infrared phenomenology and attempts to apply known methods of human color vision to achieve image fusion. Two specific topics of importance are color contrast enhancement and color constancy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5636, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-8092 J9 MACH VISION APPL JI Mach. Vis. Appl. PD APR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 6 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s001380050115 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 321JG UT WOS:000087451900006 ER PT J AU Yates, SW Viera, AJ AF Yates, SW Viera, AJ TI Physostigmine in the treatment of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid overdose SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB The widespread abuse of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid has resulted in several reports of overdose leading to coma. The use of a short-acting anticholinesterase agent such as physostigmine as a potential reversal agent has been proposed previously. We report 2 cases of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid-induced coma that rapidly reversed with intravenous administration of physostigmine. C1 N Texas Med Grp PA, The Colony, TX 75056 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Agana, GU USA. RP Yates, SW (reprint author), N Texas Med Grp PA, 6053 Main St,Suite 210, The Colony, TX 75056 USA. OI Yates, Scott/0000-0002-5197-0686 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 75 IS 4 BP 401 EP 402 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300DQ UT WOS:000086237900016 PM 10761496 ER PT J AU Butler, FK Hagmann, JH Richards, DT AF Butler, FK Hagmann, JH Richards, DT TI Tactical management of urban warfare casualties in special operations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FREE-FALL; INJURIES; HEIGHT C1 Naval Hosp, Naval Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Naval Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 SU S BP 1 EP 48 PG 48 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 306WH UT WOS:000086620400001 PM 10803010 ER PT J AU Wright, DG AF Wright, DG TI Providing quality medical care at a remote, isolated duty station SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. armed forces deploy active duty personnel to virtually every region of the world. Family members accompany the service member at many of these remote, isolated assignments. This discussion highlights the barriers to the provision of medical care to these active duty personnel, their families, and other eligible beneficiaries, such as government service and Department of Defense civilians. To succeed in this endeavor, the isolated military medical treatment facility must first consider the critical resources available that will enable it to overcome known barriers. Next, careful deliberation will identify the necessary components of a health care network suitable for the remote duty station. The facility must then recognize and address its responsibility to conduct ongoing evaluation of the quality of care and of customer satisfaction with its network. This discussion concludes with a description of a successfully implemented health care network at a remote, isolated duty station. C1 USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Wright, DG (reprint author), USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 290 EP 293 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 306BG UT WOS:000086575800014 PM 10803003 ER PT J AU Morris, TJ Davis, TP AF Morris, TJ Davis, TP TI Doxycycline-induced esophageal ulceration in the US military service SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; INJURY; CAPSULES; THERAPY; ULCERS; SOMALIA; PILL AB U.S. military forces are frequently deployed with little warning to regions of the world where chloroquine-resistant malaria Is endemic, Doxycycline is often used for malaria chemoprophylaxis in these environments. The use of doxycycline can be complicated by esophageal injury. Two cases of esophageal ulceration will be discussed, followed by a review of the literature, Doxycycline causes esophageal injury through a combination of drug-specific factors, the circumstances of drug administration, and individual patient conditions. Patients with dysphagia attributable to esophageal ulceration are managed by intravenous fluid support and control of gastric acid reflux until their symptoms resolve over 5 to 7 days. The risk of esophageal injury can be minimized by use of fresh capsules, drug administration in the upright position well before lying down to sleep, and drinking at least 100 ml of water after swallowing the medication. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Morris, TJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 316 EP 319 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 306BG UT WOS:000086575800020 PM 10803009 ER PT J AU Chu, CT Caruso, JL Cummings, TJ Ervin, J Rosenberg, C Hulette, CM AF Chu, CT Caruso, JL Cummings, TJ Ervin, J Rosenberg, C Hulette, CM TI Ubiquitin immunochemistry as a diagnostic aid for community pathologists evaluating patients who have dementia SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; dementia; immunohistochemistry; Parkinson's disease; ubiquitin ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE CERAD; CONSORTIUM; ESTABLISH; REGISTRY AB Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. It is associated with genetic risk factors and at least three autosomal dominant mutations. Community pathologists are frequently asked by families to evaluate autopsy material for Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathologic diagnosis is based on technically difficult silver impregnation stains that may not be readily available to community-based pathologists. Because immunohistochemical techniques are more widely accessible, we evaluated the practical utility of using a single immunohistochemical stain for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. The ubiquitin antigen was selected because of its presence in morphologically distinct deposits characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases. Paraffin blocks were obtained from the Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Brain Bank, a repository of approximately 900 brains. Tissues from 16 individuals who exhibited the entire range of Alzheimer's-type neuropathology were selected. Ubiquitin immunostains, evaluated blindly and independently by four pathologists ranging from first-year resident trainee to experienced neuropathologist, reliably stained both neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles essential for diagnosing and staging Alzheimer's disease. Nondemented controls with early Alzheimer's-type changes were easily distinguished from cases of definitive Alzheimer's disease. The stains also highlighted characteristic inclusions of Parkinson's disease or Lewy body dementia. Ubiquitin immunohistochemistry is a reliable, reproducible, and readily available diagnostic aid for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from other causes of dementia. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Neuropathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USN Hosp, Dept Pathol, Pensacola, FL USA. Bryan Alzheimers Dis Res Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Hulette, CM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RI Chu, Charleen/B-1601-2008 OI Chu, Charleen/0000-0002-5052-8271 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05128] NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1038/modpathol.3880072 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 306BH UT WOS:000086575900009 PM 10786809 ER PT J AU Goerss, JS AF Goerss, JS TI Tropical cyclone track forecasts using an ensemble of dynamical models SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; ATLANTIC; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; IMPACT AB The relative independence of the tropical cyclone track forecasts produced by regional and global numerical weather prediction models suggests that a simple ensemble average or consensus forecast derived from a combination of these models may be more accurate, on average, than the forecasts of the individual models. Forecast errors of a simple ensemble average of three models for the 1995-96 Atlantic hurricane seasons, and either three global models or two regional models for the western North Pacific during 1997, were compared with errors of the individual models. For the Atlantic, the mean errors for the joint ensemble were 120 km at 24 h, 194 km at 48 h, and 266 km at 72 h, which represent improvements of 16%, 20%, and 23% with respect to the best of the individual models. The joint ensemble also resulted in reduction in the standard deviation of the forecast error. The 95th percentile of forecast error for the ensemble was reduced 19%, 14%, and 23% with respect to the best of the individual models. The spread for the ensemble forecast was found to possess some potential for use by forecasters as a measure of confidence in the ensemble forecast. Similar results were found for the western North Pacific. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Goerss, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 93 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2000 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1193 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1187:TCTFUA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302ZG UT WOS:000086395900016 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Dell, RF Olson, MP AF Brown, GG Dell, RF Olson, MP TI Valid integer polytope (VIP) penalties for branch-and-bound enumeration SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE integer-linear programming; branch and bound; penalties AB We introduce new penalties, called valid integer polytope (VIP) penalties, that tighten the bound of an integer-linear program during branch-acid-bound enumeration. Early commercial codes for branch and bound commonly employed penalties developed from the dual simplicial lower bound on the cost of restricting fractional integer variables to proximate integral values. VIP penalties extend and tighten these for ubiquitous k-pack, k-partition, and K-cover constraints. In real-world problems, VIP penalties occasionally tighten the bound by more than an order of magnitude, but they usually offer small bound improvement. Their ease of implementation, speed of execution, and occasional, overwhelming success make them an attractive addition during branch-and-bound enumeration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. INSIGHT Inc, Sudley N Business Ctr, Manassas, VA 20109 USA. RP Dell, RF (reprint author), USN, Dept Operat Res, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0167-6377(99)00072-3 PG 10 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 298FQ UT WOS:000086129000004 ER PT J AU Koplow, JP Kliner, DAV Goldberg, L AF Koplow, JP Kliner, DAV Goldberg, L TI Single-mode operation of a coiled multimode fiber amplifier SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER; ENERGY PULSE AMPLIFICATION; TRANSVERSE-MODE; OPTICAL FIBERS; CURVATURE AB We report a new approach to obtaining single-transverse-mode operation of a multimode fiber amplifier in which the gain fiber is coiled to induce significant bend loss for all but the lowest-order mode. We demonstrated this method by constructing a coiled amplifier using Yb-doped, double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 25 mu m and a numerical aperture of similar to 0.1 (V approximate to 7.4). When the amplifier was operated as an amplified-spontaneous-emission source, the output beam had an M-2 value of 1.09 +/- 0.09; when seeded at 1064 nm, the slope efficiency was similar to that of an uncoiled amplifier. This technique will permit scaling of pulsed fiber lasers and amplifiers to significantly higher pulse energies and peak powers and cw fiber sources to higher average powers while maintaining excellent beam quality. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2320, 140.3510, 140.4480, 140.3570. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Koplow, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 393 Z9 409 U1 3 U2 51 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7 BP 442 EP 444 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000442 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 298TW UT WOS:000086156100004 PM 18064073 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Kirk, MA Rehn, LE AF Daulton, TL Kirk, MA Rehn, LE TI In-situ transmission electron microscopy study of ion-irradiated copper: temperature dependence of defect yield and cascade collapse SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DAMAGE; CLUSTERS; METALS; ENERGY AB High-energy neutrons and ions incident upon a solid can initiate displacement collision cascades of lattice atoms which result in localized volumes within the solid that contain high concentrations of interstitial and vacancy point defects. At sufficiently high point-defect concentrations, cascade regions are unstable; recombination of interstitial and vacancy point defects can occur together with the aggregation of point defects into clusters. These clusters can collapse into various types of dislocation loop and stacking-fault tetrahedra which are large enough to produce lattice strain fields that are visible under diffraction-contrast imaging in a transmission electron microscope. The kinetics which drive cascade formation and subsequent collapse are investigated by analysing the microstructure produced in situ by low-fluence 100 keV Kr-ion irradiations of fee Cu over a wide temperature range (18-873 K). The product microstructures are characterized by quantitative measurements of the yields of collapsed point-defect clusters. In addition, their stabilities, lifetimes and size distributions are also examined. Defect yields are demonstrated unequivocally to be temperature dependent, remaining approximately constant up to lattice temperatures of 573 K and then abruptly decreasing with increasing temperature. This drop in yield is not caused by defect loss during or following ion irradiation. It rather reflects a decrease in the probability of cascade collapse which can be explained by a thermal spike effect. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD APR PY 2000 VL 80 IS 4 BP 809 EP 842 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 303TQ UT WOS:000086441300004 ER PT J AU Gibbons, PC Kelton, KF Ranganathan, S Daulton, TL AF Gibbons, PC Kelton, KF Ranganathan, S Daulton, TL TI Kikuchi bands in quasicrystals and their approximants SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE APPROXIMANTS; QUASI-CRYSTALS; MN; DIFFRACTION; PHASES; ALLOYS AB Kikuchi bands observed in transmission electron microscopy of crystalline approximants to quasicrystals differ from those observed from the quasicrystals only in small details. They reveal the relationship between the two phases and in the past have provided some information about the small distortions of atomic clusters that occur on going from one phase to the other. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Met, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gibbons, PC (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Ranganathan, Srinivasa/F-9187-2013 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD APR PY 2000 VL 80 IS 4 BP 843 EP 852 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 303TQ UT WOS:000086441300005 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Ram-Mohan, LR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Ram-Mohan, LR TI Antimonide interband and intersubband mid-IR and terahertz lasers SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article DE optically pumped interband "W" lasers; antimonide quantum cascade lasers; spin-polarized devices ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; WELLS; GAAS AB Antimonide semiconductor lasers for the mid-infrared and terahertz spectral regions are considered. It is predicted that optically pumped interband type-II lasers will be advantageous at long wavelengths, out to lambda approximate to 100 mu m. In the mid-IR, antimonide intersubband lasers should have higher gains and longer carrier lifetimes than InGaAs/InAlAs quantum cascade lasers. and hence have prospects for roam-temperature cw operation. Spin-polarized antimonide intersubband lasers with applied magnetic fields are projected to display room-temperature cw emission at lambda = 16 mu m. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD APR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00281-7 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 297HL UT WOS:000086076800017 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Rendell, RW AF Ngai, KL Rendell, RW TI Interpreting the real part of the dielectric permittivity contributed by mobile ions in ionically conducting materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; SCALING PROPERTIES; SPECTRA; MELTS; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB Electrical conductivity relaxation experimental data of ionically conducting glasses, crystals, and melts are most often discussed in the context of either the real part of the complex conductivity, Re[sigma*(omega)], the imaginary part of the complex permittivity Im[epsilon*(omega)], or the complex electric modulus M*(omega). In contrast, the real part of the complex permittivity, Re[epsilon*(omega)], and the contribution of mobile ions to it are seldom considered. One reason for the lack of attention to Re[epsilon*(omega)] is the complication caused by a large additional capacitive contribution to Re[epsilon*(w)] from electrode surface polarization, making the task of separating the two contributions difficult. However, there are still many ionic conducting materials in which the electrode polarization effects can be isolated and the contribution from mobile ions, epsilon(ion)'(omega), determined. The frequency dispersions of epsilon(ion)'(omega) in several such ionic conductors are used to examine the different interpretations of the mechanism of ion conductivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 14 BP 9393 EP 9398 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9393 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 303TW UT WOS:000086441800034 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Mazin, II Mandrus, D Sales, BC AF Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Mazin, II Mandrus, D Sales, BC TI Lattice dynamics and reduced thermal conductivity of filled skutterudites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; ANTIMONIDES; TRANSPORT AB The great reduction in thermal conductivity of skutterudites upon filling the "void" sites with rare-earth (RE) ions is key to their favorable thermoelectric properties but remains to be understood. Using lattice dynamic models based on first-principles calculations, we address the most popular microscopic mechanism, reduction via rattling ions. The model withstands inelastic neutron scattering and specific-heat measurements, and refutes hypotheses of an anharmonic RE potential and of two distinct localized RE vibrations of disparate frequencies. It does indicate a strong hybridization between bare La vibrations and certain Sb-like phonon branches, suggesting anharmonic scattering by harmonic RE motions as an important mechanism for suppression of heat conductivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 11 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 14 BP R9209 EP R9212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.R9209 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 303TW UT WOS:000086441800002 ER PT J AU Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB AF Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB TI Quality factor control in a lasing microcavity model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHAOS; CAVITIES; RESONANCES; RAY AB We consider a dynamics model of lasing microcavities, a class of optical resonators (1-10 mu m in diameter) used in microlasers and for optical coupling of optical fibers. Inside such a cavity light circulates around the perimeter and is trapped by internal reflection. This is known as ''whispering gallery" or high-Q modes. The cavity is a deformable cylindrical (or spherical) dielectric and at certain deformations light can escape by refraction. The quality of the resonator or Q factor, is defined as Q = omega tau, where tau is the escape time and omega is the frequency of light. We show that by appropriately deforming the cavity, the Q factor can be controlled by prolonging or shortening the average length of time spent by light trajectories inside the cavity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Triandaf, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 3601 EP 3609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.3601 PN A PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 306LA UT WOS:000086597100044 ER PT J AU Spector, MS Prasad, SK Weslowski, BT Kamien, RD Selinger, JV Ratna, BR Shashidhar, R AF Spector, MS Prasad, SK Weslowski, BT Kamien, RD Selinger, JV Ratna, BR Shashidhar, R TI Chiral twisting of a smectic-A liquid crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ELECTRIC-FIELD AB Chiral twisting of the molecular orientation within the layer of a smectic-il liquid crystal has been investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results indicate that a rotation of the layers away from the alignment direction is induced by the surface electroclinic effect. This leads to an interfacial region where the molecular director twists from the alignment direction until it reaches the layer normal direction. A theory is presented to explain the observed field and temperature dependence of the circular dichroism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Liquid Crystal Res, Bangalore 560013, Karnataka, India. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 3977 EP 3983 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.3977 PN A PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 306LA UT WOS:000086597100085 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR TI Laser pulse modulation instabilities in plasma channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; INVERSE CHERENKOV ACCELERATORS; PARTIALLY STRIPPED PLASMAS; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; WAVE-GUIDE; X-RAYS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; SYNCHROTRON SOURCE; WAKE-FIELD; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION AB In this paper the modulational instability associated with propagation of intense laser pulses in a partially stripped, preformed plasma channel is analyzed. In general, modulation instabilities are caused by the interplay between (anomalous) group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation. The analysis is based on a systematic approach that includes finite-perturbation-length effects, nonlinearities, group velocity dispersion, and transverse effects. To properly include the radial variation of both the laser field and plasma channel, the source-dependent expansion method for analyzing the wave equation is employed. Matched equilibria for a laser beam propagating in a plasma channel are obtained and analyzed. Modulation of a uniform (matched) laser beam equilibrium in a plasma channel leads to a coupled pair of differential equations for the perturbed spot size and laser field amplitude. A general dispersion relation is derived and solved. Surface plots of the spatial growth rate as a function of laser beam power and the modulation wave number are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 111 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 4381 EP 4393 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4381 PN B PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 306LC UT WOS:000086597300048 ER PT J AU Swanson, NL Billard, DB AF Swanson, NL Billard, DB TI Multiple scattering efficiency and optical extinction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WEAK LOCALIZATION; LASER ACTION; MEDIA; LIGHT AB In this investigation, scattering of laser light by polystyrene spheres has been examined. Our results demonstrate that certain multiple scattering data can be explained in terms of single scattering Mie theory. Multiple scattering can be interpreted as a succession of independent, single scattering events. Using this interpretation, we have derived an expression that yields the optimum particle size for maximum attenuation of laser light by particles suspended in a medium. The size is smaller than that predicted by the Mie theory alone. Results of this research have wide general application for all electromagnetic radiation and are particularly useful in determining optimum scattering materials and sizes for applications such as cavityless lasing, coherent back-scatter, and localization of light. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Swanson, NL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 4 BP 4518 EP 4522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4518 PN B PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 306LC UT WOS:000086597300063 ER PT J AU Shishlov, AV Baksht, RB Fedunin, AV Fursov, FI Kovalchuk, BM Kokshenev, VA Kurmaev, NE Labetsky, AY Oreshkin, VI Russkikh, AG Fisher, A Moosman, B Weber, BV AF Shishlov, AV Baksht, RB Fedunin, AV Fursov, FI Kovalchuk, BM Kokshenev, VA Kurmaev, NE Labetsky, AY Oreshkin, VI Russkikh, AG Fisher, A Moosman, B Weber, BV TI Long time implosion experiments with double gas puffs SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; X-RAY POWER; Z-PINCH; ARRAY; ENHANCEMENT AB Long time implosion experiments with argon double gas puffs have been conducted on the GIT-12 [S. P. Bugaev , Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Fiz. 40, 38 (1997)] generator at the current level of 2.2-2.4 MA. A double gas puff was used as one of the alternative ways to improve implosion stability at implosion times from 230 to 340 ns. The results of these experiments were compared with two-dimensional snowplow simulations. The experiments and the simulations show that the final pinch is sufficiently stable when the inner-to-outer shell mass ratio is greater than 1. The maximum argon K-shell yield obtained in the experiments is 740 J/cm with 220 GW/cm radiation power. At the long implosion times, the K-shell yield obtained in the double gas puff implosion is twice the K-shell yield of a 4-cm-radius single gas puff, with more than an order of magnitude increase in radiation power. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)02604-5]. C1 High Current Elect Inst SB RAN, Tomsk 634055, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shishlov, AV (reprint author), High Current Elect Inst SB RAN, Tomsk 634055, Russia. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1252 EP 1262 DI 10.1063/1.873936 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 293MX UT WOS:000085857500026 ER PT J AU Moran, LA AF Moran, LA TI Transpersonal psychiatry at a VA Medical Center SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 4 BP 530 EP 531 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 300XD UT WOS:000086278300021 ER PT J AU Georgelin, M Bougeault, P Black, T Brzovic, N Buzzi, A Calvo, J Casse, V Desgagne, M El-Khatib, R Geleyn, JF Holt, T Hong, SY Kato, T Katzfey, J Kurihara, K Lacroix, B Lalaurette, F Lemaitre, Y Mailhot, J Majewski, D Malguzzi, P Masson, V McGregor, J Minguzzi, E Paccagnella, T Wilson, C AF Georgelin, M Bougeault, P Black, T Brzovic, N Buzzi, A Calvo, J Casse, V Desgagne, M El-Khatib, R Geleyn, JF Holt, T Hong, SY Kato, T Katzfey, J Kurihara, K Lacroix, B Lalaurette, F Lemaitre, Y Mailhot, J Majewski, D Malguzzi, P Masson, V McGregor, J Minguzzi, E Paccagnella, T Wilson, C TI The second COMPARE exercise: A model intercomparison using a case of a typical mesoscale orographic flow, the PYREX IOP3 SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE effective roughness length; envelope orography; local winds; mesoscale; model intercomparison; mountain wave; pressure drag ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MOMENTUM BUDGET; SPECTRAL MODEL; PART-I; SYSTEM; WIND; PRECIPITATION; CYCLOGENESIS; COORDINATE; PREDICTION AB Fifteen models have been evaluated for their ability to simulate the various phenomena of a mesoscale orographic how sampled during the Pyrenees experiment (PYREX). A pure forecast exercise has been conducted and model performances were assessed using numerous observations. Two additional experiments were also performed in order to discriminate between small-scale errors and large-scale induced errors, and to discuss an optimal specification of model terrain height and roughness for use with envelope orography and effective roughness length parametrizations. The comparison results reveal systematic errors for all the models: the local winds are too weak, the mountain-wave amplitude is too large and the lee vortices are poorly represented. Since forcing by analyses did not correct the errors, they can be therefore mainly attributed to the model representation of orography. The blocking created by the model topography at low level is under-represented and the model topography does not sufficiently slow the how. A positive consequence of the effective roughness length parametrization is to reduce the mountain-wave amplitude. Negligible benefit occurs from the use of an envelope orography parametrization. Although it favours the appearance of the lee vortices, the latter appear too early, the local winds remain too weak, and the mountain-wave amplitude is enhanced. The comparison of the computed pressure drag with the observed one is reasonably good for most of the models but the pressure drag is found to be more correlated to the lee vorticity than to the mountain wave. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Aerol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Meteorol & Hydrol Serv, Zagreb, Croatia. USN, Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Freiberg, Germany. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Bougeault, P (reprint author), Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, 42 Ave G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. RI McGregor, John/C-6646-2012; Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012; Calvo-Sanchez, Javier/G-5710-2015; Malguzzi, Piero/O-1723-2015; OI Calvo-Sanchez, Javier/0000-0002-5041-9745; Malguzzi, Piero/0000-0002-9544-0329; paccagnella, tiziana/0000-0001-6422-7341 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 126 IS 564 BP 991 EP 1029 DI 10.1256/smsqj.56409 PN A PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314LT UT WOS:000087057900009 ER PT J AU Baker, NL Daley, R AF Baker, NL Daley, R TI Observation and background adjoint sensitivity in the adaptive observation-targeting problem SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive observations; adjoint applications; data assimilation; targeting ID RANGE FORECAST ERRORS; STATISTICAL STRUCTURE; SINGULAR VECTORS; RADIOSONDE DATA AB Recent observation-targeting field experiments, such as the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track EXperiment (FASTEX) and the NORth Pacific EXperiment (NORPEX), have demonstrated that by using objective adjoint techniques it is possible, in advance, to identify regions of the atmosphere where forecast-error growth in numerical forecast models is maximally sensitive to the error in the initial conditions. Typically such techniques produce a field of the sensitivity of some aspect of the forecast to the analysis field. This analysis sensitivity field is then used to identify promising targets for the deployment of additional observations during the flight-planning phase of field experiments. While FASTEX and, particularly NORPEX had a number of successful 'hits', where the addition of dropsondes reduced the forecast error, there were also failures. None of the objective techniques have involved any consideration of the characteristics of the data-assimilation systems used in the analysis of the targeted observations. In particular, the interaction with the background field, interactions with other observations, and the background- and observation-error characteristics have been ignored. This can lead to potential mis-sampling, conflict with other observations, and inefficient use of aircraft and expendables. In this study, the adjoint of a simplified data-assimilation system is used to determine directly the sensitivity of the forecast aspect to the observations and the background field. The procedure is illustrated by using simplified linear contexts such as the one- and two-dimensional horizontal univariate problem and the one-dimensional direct radiance assimilation problem. Adaptive targeting tools, such as a single-observation sensitivity map and a marginal observation sensitivity vector, are devised and tested. The possibility of determining when the forecast would be sensitive to the background field and/or the observations is demonstrated. Such dependencies are shown to be a function of the specified observation- and background-error variances, the characteristic scales of analysis sensitivity vector and background-error correlations, and the properties of forward (observation) operators. Although the present experiments concerned simplified assimilation systems and observation networks, extension of the technique to real situations is quite feasible. Obtaining the adjoint of a full three-dimensional variational assimilation system is straightforward; moreover, the target areas are small and contain relatively few observations so the computational requirements are modest. Finally, the data-assimilation adjoint theory can be used for a posteriori assessment of those sources of forecast error which are due to errors in the initial analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baker, NL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 119 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 15 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 7LJ SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 126 IS 565 BP 1431 EP 1454 DI 10.1256/smsqj.56510 PN B PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 322TH UT WOS:000087524500010 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Puckett, ML Johnstone, PAS AF Miller, JS Puckett, ML Johnstone, PAS TI Frequency of coexistent disease at CT in patients with prostate carcinoma selected for definitive radiation therapy: Is limited treatment-planning CT adequate? SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abdomen, CT; computed tomography (CT), contrast enhancement; computed tomography (CT), treatment planning; cost-effectiveness; prostate neoplasms, CT ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CANCER; PREDICTOR; ANTIGEN; MEN AB PURPOSE: To document the frequency of clinically important coexistent disease depicted at contrast material-enhanced abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) in patients undergoing definitive radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma, as such lesions might be missed at limited nonenhanced treatment-planning CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 133 consecutive patients with prostate carcinoma who were referred to the radiation oncology division between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1996, 77 underwent definitive radiation therapy that required either contrast-enhanced abdominal and pelvic CT (n = 67) or contrast-enhanced pelvic CT (n = 10). Results of these studies were reviewed and retrospectively categorized. RESULTS: Forty-eight (62%) of the 77 patients had either negative studies or minor abnormalities that did not require further follow-up. Only two patients (30/6) had major abnormalities that required intervention. Five patients (6%) had new findings of clinically important coexistent disease, but no intervention was required. CONCLUSION: The incidence of clinically important coexistent disease in patients with prostate carcinoma who are referred for definitive radiation therapy is low. Therefore, contrast-enhanced abdominal and pelvic CT in addition to treatment-planning CT is of limited value. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Radiat Oncol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 14, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD APR PY 2000 VL 215 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 298UC UT WOS:000086156700007 PM 10751465 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA AF Klimchuk, JA TI Cross-sectional properties of coronal loops SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR CORONA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STELLAR CORONAE; EVOLUTION; YOHKOH; REGIONS; SHEETS; WAVES; LINES AB Careful examination of 43 soft X-ray loops observed by Yohkoh has revealed a number of interesting properties of the loop cross section. First, the loops tend to be only slightly (approximate to 30%) wider at their midpoints than at their footpoints, implying less-than-expected expansion of the magnetic field. Second, the variation of width along each loop tends to be modest, implying that the cross section has an approximately circular shape. And third, cross-axis intensity profiles tend to be singly-peaked and simple, implying that the cross section is approximately uniformly filled on resolvable scales. We conclude that the energy which heats the plasma is either dissipated axially symmetrically on a scale equal to a loop diameter (approximate to 11 000 km) or else is dissipated with any spatial structure, but on a scale much smaller than a loop diameter, and then transported laterally in an axisymmetric fashion (perhaps via conduction along chaotic field lines). In their present form, none of the theoretical ideas concerning the magnetic structure and heating of loops are obviously capable of explaining all of the observed properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 41 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2000 VL 193 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1023/A:1005210127703 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 354XV UT WOS:000089357300004 ER EF