FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Watkins, J Lee, K Hernandez, C Blumenstock, K Schepis, J AF Watkins, J Lee, K Hernandez, C Blumenstock, K Schepis, J GP AACC AACC AACC TI Adaptive auto-balancing control of magnetic bearings for an optical chopper SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB In this paper, we show how adaptive notch filters and magnetic bearings can be utilized for auto-balancing of an optical chopper. This optical chopper is required to operate between 4800 and 5200 RPM (rotations per minute) for five years in space. Life testing of the ball bearings in the optical chopper has indicated potential failure of the bearings after three to four years due to lubrication break down. The goal of this research is to investigate the feasibility of replacing the ball bearings with magnetic bearings. By using magnetic bearings to suspend the optical chopper, friction between the bearings and the rotor, and associated failures, can be eliminated. Initial testing using standard feedback controllers, however, showed excessive wobble in the chopper due to mechanical imbalances. By using adaptive notch filters based on the LMS (least mean squares) algorithm, we show how this wobble can be significantly attenuated. Experimental results are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Watkins, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 1298 EP 1303 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300226 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT AF O'Brien, RT GP AACC AACC AACC TI Modeling highway vehicles with time-varying velocity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB In this paper, a model of the lateral and longitudinal dynamics of a highway vehicle with a time-varying velocity are presented. The model describes the motion of the center of mass, the interaction between the tires and the road, and the relationship between the suspension and the pitch and roll motion. A simplified engine model is included to generate the time-varying velocity. A linear time-varying model is developed by linearizing the nonlinear model for a desired velocity trajectory. Simulation results axe presented to validate the linear, time-varying model. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 2111 EP 2116 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300371 ER PT S AU Kiriakidis, K Gordon, D AF Kiriakidis, K Gordon, D GP AACC AACC AACC TI Supervision of multiple-robot systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB Team of miniature robots (land-based, airborne, or submerged) constitute a new breed of robotic systems where the issue of controlled behavior arises naturally. At the highest level, the dynamics of such systems are event-driven. Herein, we consider multiple-robot systems whose robot units go offline upon the occurrence of certain events. To supervise such event-varying structure, we propose an adaptive supervisory control method. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 2117 EP 2118 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300372 ER PT B AU Bishop, BE Stilwell, DJ AF Bishop, BE Stilwell, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI On the application of redundant manipulator techniques to the control of platoons of autonomous vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA'01) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, European Union Control Assoc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers ID ROBOT MANIPULATORS AB In this paper, we discuss the parallelism between redundant manipulator control and the control of platoon-level functions for systems of autonomous vehicles. We cast the platoon formation problem in an analogous manner to traditional redundancy resolution, and discuss techniques for control of the platoon. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, 118 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu; stilwell@usna.edu NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6733-2 PY 2001 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1109/CCA.2001.973971 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT55V UT WOS:000173316300144 ER PT B AU Stilwell, DJ Wick, CE Bishop, BE AF Stilwell, DJ Wick, CE Bishop, BE GP IEEE IEEE TI Small inertial sensors for a miniature autonomous underwater vehicle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA'01) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, European Union Control Assoc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers ID NAVIGATION AB Testing and algorithm development are addressed for the guidance system of a low-cost (disposable) miniature autonomous underwater vehicle. The requirements for low-cost and small size systems typically necessitate the use of low-performance sensors. In this work, we address the limitations of low-performance inertial sensors. Mechanized calibration routines are developed to compensate for high drift rates in gyro calibration coefficients, and compass/gyro stabilization methods are investigated to address susceptibility of the compass to magnetic interference. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stilwell, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6733-2 PY 2001 BP 841 EP 846 DI 10.1109/CCA.2001.973974 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT55V UT WOS:000173316300147 ER PT S AU Ekstrom, CR Burt, EA Swanson, TB AF Ekstrom, CR Burt, EA Swanson, TB GP IEEE IEEE TI Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY JUN 06-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB We have performed an initial characterization of the stability of the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) cesium fountain atomic clock. This device has a short-term fractional frequency stability of up to 1.5x10(-13)tau(-1/2). This short-term performance enables us to measure hydrogen maser behavior over the short to medium term. We have recently implemented real time steering of a hydrogen maser with the fountain. Over a period of roughly 9 days of continuous operation, we have steered out the drift of a cavity tuned maser. C1 USN, Naval Observat, Washington, DC USA. RP Ekstrom, CR (reprint author), USN, Naval Observat, Washington, DC USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7028-7 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2001 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2001.956159 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU18C UT WOS:000175262100009 ER PT S AU Senior, K Koppang, P Matsakis, D Ray, J AF Senior, K Koppang, P Matsakis, D Ray, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Developing an IGS time scale SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY JUN 06-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB Currently, the International GPS Service (IGS) provides a set of clock products for both satellites and tracking receivers, tabulated at 5-minute intervals. These products provide users with sufficient information to determine consistent coordinates and clock values for an isolated GPS receiver with a precision at roughly the 5-cm level. However, because the underlying time scale for the IGS combined clocks is based on a linear alignment to broadcast GPS time for each day separately, the day-to-day stability of this reference is poor. We show the results of a new filter package written to automate the production of an integrated IGS frequency scale loosely steered to GPS time and to which the IGS clock products will soon be referenced. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Senior, K (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7028-7 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2001 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2001.956188 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU18C UT WOS:000175262100038 ER PT S AU Lee, RRY Verdi, JS Soumekh, M AF Lee, RRY Verdi, JS Soumekh, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Enhancements of NP-3UHF image quality using digital spotlighting technique SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper is concerned with signal processing issues that are associated with FOLiage PENetrating (FOPEN) Navy NP-3 ultra wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar. The digital signal processors that were developed for the NP-3 data commonly use a radar beamwidth angle that was limited to 35 degrees [1], [2]. Provided that the NP-3 radar beamwidth angle was 35 degrees, the NP-3 SAR system would approximately yield alias-free data in the slow-time Doppler domain. In this paper, we show that the NP-3 data possess a 50-degree beamwidth angle within the entire [215,730] MHz band of the NP-3 radar that is imposed by the radar (radial) range swath gate. The 50-degree beamwidth of the NP-3 system results in slow-time Doppler aliasing within the frequency band of [444,730] MHz. We outline a slow-time processing of the NP-3 data, that we refer to as digital spotlighting and PRF upsampling, to minimize the Doppler aliasing. The digital spotlighting is also used for in-scene target calibration. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Lee, RRY (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922941 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200001 ER PT S AU Lin, F Steiner, M AF Lin, F Steiner, M GP IEEE IEEE TI New techniques for radar coherent range ambiguity resolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB A new method of target coherent range ambiguity resolution is presented which is substantially different from previously proposed methods. The new target ranging eliminates the generation of target ghosts associated with most conventional techniques. A range ambiguous radar with a medium to high pulse repetition frequency is assumed. Clutter is assumed to be present in multiple range intervals. The method utilizes constant frequency pulses that change phase pseudo-randomly from pulse to pulse. The phase progression of the received pulses are correlated with a bank of matched filters constructed using phase progressions representative of the different range intervals. Performance degradation of target detection using the pseudo-random phases is also examined. Target detection with strictly pseudo-random phases is found to degrade in comparison to the conventional constant phase methods. A technique that utilizes both constant phase and pseudo-random phases is proposed that performs both detection and target ranging well. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922959 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200019 ER PT S AU Cantrell, B de Graaf, J Leibowitz, L Willwerth, F Meurer, G Parris, C Stapleton, R AF Cantrell, B de Graaf, J Leibowitz, L Willwerth, F Meurer, G Parris, C Stapleton, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Development of a digital array radar (DAR) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Twenty-first century littoral and open-sea missions present U.S. Navy (USN) shipboard-radar systems with the challenge of detecting small targets in severe clutter and against multiple sources of interference. In Fiscal Year 2000 (FY00), the office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored a program to develop an active array radar that includes a digital beamforming (DBF) architecture. The DBF radar system has the potential for improved time-energy management, improved signal-to-clutter (S/C) ratios, improved reliability and reduced life-cycle costs. This paper summarizes the latest developments of the program during FY00. C1 USN, Res Lab, NRL DC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, NRL DC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2001 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922970 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200030 ER PT S AU Gregers-Hansen, V Brockett, SM Cahill, PE AF Gregers-Hansen, V Brockett, SM Cahill, PE GP IEEE IEEE TI A stacked A-to-D converter for increased radar signal processor dynamic range SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID QUADRATURE AB The need for increased dynamic range at the input to the radar digital signal processor has increased steadily over the last decade or so. This has been the result of lower expected radar cross sections, the need for better clutter suppression, and the desire to operate without Sensitivity Time Control (STC) in some radar applications. The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is the most significant bottleneck in achieving this needed dynamic range (DR). In this paper, an approach for improving the effective DR utilizing multiple ADCs is described. The ADCs are arranged in parallel channels with different gains and the approach is referred to as a "Stacked A-to-D Converter", or "Stacked ADC". Detailed results are presented for an experimental brassboard system assembled to demonstrate and evaluate the concept. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gregers-Hansen, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922972 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200032 ER PT S AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Superdirectivity and SNR constraints in wideband array-pattern design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Wilde instantaneous- and tunable-bandwidth arrays pose a challenging design problem. Since the elements are usually spaced close to one-hall wavelength at the highest frequency of operation, at lower frequencies the array may be considerably oversampled spatially. In a conventional time-delay-steered array the result is a beamwidth that is proportional to frequency, With an FIR filter at each element, however, superdirectivity can be achieved at lower frequencies, improving the beam characteristics. Constraints on efficiency, sensitivity, and SMR are derived to limit the undesirable effects of superdirectivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922974 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200034 ER PT S AU Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K AF Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Fast converging robust adaptive arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID GRAM-SCHMIDT; ALGORITHMS AB A pseudo-median canceller is introduced as the canonical processor of a robust adaptive array method which significantly reduces the deleterious effects of non-Gaussian, real-world noise and interference (outliers) on typical array performance metrics such as (normalized) output noise power residue and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). In addition, the proposed structure offers natural protection against signal cancellation, or equivalently, against an increase in the output noise power residue when weight-training data contains desired signal components. The convergence rate is shown to be commensurate with Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) methods for Gaussian noise and interference, and convergence is essentially unaffected when outliers are added to the Gaussian weight-training data, while non-robust SMI methods slow significantly under the same circumstances. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picciolo, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922980 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200040 ER PT S AU Lin, CT Ly, H AF Lin, CT Ly, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Sidelobe reduction through subarray overlapping for wideband arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB For wideband arrays, the contiguous subarray architecture using phase shifters at the element level and true time delays at the subarray level results in higher sidelobes due to subarray dispersion and grating-lobe generation. In this paper, sidelobe reduction using overlapping subarray architecture is discussed The architecture is effectively applied to an experimental AMRF-C (Advanced Multifunction RF Concept program) receive system It is shown that, in addition to aperture weight distribution at different stages, the overlap ratio between subarray aperture size and subarray step size primarily affects the array sidelobe performance. Excellent sidelobe performance is achieved over large bandwidth when the overlap ratio is close to 2 and typical Taylor weight distributions are used at both element and subarray levels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.922982 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200042 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Richard, J Brastrom, P AF Gray, JE Richard, J Brastrom, P GP IEEE IEEE TI The problem of kill assessment: A challenge for radar tracking systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE track filtering; ballistic estimators; kill assessment AB In this overview, both current and future problems of kill assessment are discussed from a surface navy perspective. The basic terminology of kill assessment is discussed in the introduction, which provides the pedestrian background to the common vocabulary Some of the underlying sources of potential kill assessment information and aspects of current decision taking methodology is discussed in We section on endo-atmosphere kill assessment. In the third section, the challenge of era-atmospheric kill assessment is addressed and a discussion of how to deal with the dearth of data by a data collection experiment is detailed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B32 & N92, Dahlgren, VA 22485 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.923001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200061 ER PT S AU Hansen, P Scheff, K Mokole, E Tomas, E AF Hansen, P Scheff, K Mokole, E Tomas, E GP IEEE IEEE TI Dual frequency measurements of ocean forward scatter with an ultrawideband radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper presents an experiment description, dong with data examples, for ultrawideband radar measurements of low grazing angle forward scatter associated with a test target mounted above a wind disturbed sea surface. The measurement radar used sub-nanosecond transmit pulses (0.15 ns and 0.25 ns 3 dB pulse widths) at center frequencies of 9 and 4 GHz to achieve resolutions finer than 3 cm in the range dimension. This resolution was sufficient to fully resolve direct and multipath (both single and double bounce) contributions to the signal reflecting from a tower mounted retro reflector. The geometry produced a nominal 3 degree grazing angle for forward scatter. Dual frequency measurements For a wind disturbed ocean surface highlight changes in the magnitude and the location of the scatter components with time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hansen, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.923008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200068 ER PT S AU Cantrell, B Faust, H Caul, A O'Brien, A AF Cantrell, B Faust, H Caul, A O'Brien, A GP IEEE IEEE TI New ranging algorithm for FM/CW radars SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB A new ranging algorithm for frequency modulated/continuous wave (FM/CW) radars is given. This algorithm is near optimal, very robust, does not depend on the type of modulation, and is fairly easy to compute. An example of an older algorithm based on sinusoidal frequency modulation (FM) used on the MK-95 CW radar is given to illustrate shortcomings in typical older algorithms and for comparison purposes. The characteristics of the new ranging algorithm and test results from the MK-95 radar are provided. The actual target range and the one calculated using the new ranging algorithm differed by less than 1%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cantrell, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.923016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200076 ER PT S AU Chen, VC Lipps, R Bottoms, M AF Chen, VC Lipps, R Bottoms, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Radar imaging of ground moving targets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2001 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Atlanta Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID FREQUENCY AB In this paper, we analyze the effect of target motion on synthetic aperture radar image and discuss how a multi-aperture radar can detect, focus and relocate moving targets in clutter. AN/APY-6 radar data is used for analyzing radar imaging of ground moving targets. Some applications of tire time-frequency transform to detect and focus moving targets are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-6707-3 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2001 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1109/NRC.2001.923017 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS24F UT WOS:000169154200077 ER PT S AU Scribner, D Humayun, M Justus, B Merritt, C Klein, R Howard, JG Peckerar, M Perkins, F Johnson, L Bassett, W Skeath, P Margalit, E Eong, KGA Weiland, J de Juan, E Finch, J Graham, R Trautfield, C Taylor, S AF Scribner, D Humayun, M Justus, B Merritt, C Klein, R Howard, JG Peckerar, M Perkins, F Johnson, L Bassett, W Skeath, P Margalit, E Eong, KGA Weiland, J de Juan, E Finch, J Graham, R Trautfield, C Taylor, S GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Intraocular retinal prosthesis test device SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4: BUILDING NEW BRIDGES AT THE FRONTIERS OF ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP Natl Sci Fdn, TUBITAK, Sci & Tech Res Ctr Turkey, ISIK Univ, COMNET, EREL Techno Grp, GUZEL SANATLAR Printinghouse, JOHNSON&JOHNSON Med, PFIZER, SIEMENS Med, TURKCELL Iletism Hizmetler A S, ALSTOM Elect Ltd Co, GANTEK Technol & SUN Microsyst, TURCOM Co Grp DE retina; prosthesis; channel glass; multiplexer ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; ELECTRODE AB There is a growing interest in the development of a retinal prosthesis device based on a number of recent experiments demonstrating electrical stimulation of retinal tissue with single electrodes. An intraocular retinal prosthesis test device is currently under development at NRL/JHU. The microelectronic device has an image format of 80 x 40 unit cells interfaced to the retinal surface via an array of microwires in a glass matrix. The system architecture and technology development issues are discussed as well as the topic of biocompatibility. This test device will enable acute human experiments in an operating room environment to demonstrate a massively parallel interface between retinal tissue and a microelectronic array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-7211-5 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2001 VL 23 BP 3430 EP 3435 PN 1-4 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BV41G UT WOS:000178871900946 ER PT S AU Kotlyar, R Reinecke, TL Bayer, M Forchel, A AF Kotlyar, R Reinecke, TL Bayer, M Forchel, A BE Miura, N Ando, T TI Enhanced g-factors in semiconductor quantum structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS I AND II SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS25) CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka City ID HEAVY-HOLE; WELLS; DOTS AB Multiband calculations and magnetophotoluminescence results are presented for the exciton spin splittings and g-factors of semiconductor quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. A unified description of the magnetic field dependences as well as the size dependences of these splittings is given. In quantum dots, e.g., exciton g-factors are found to be enhanced by up to a factor of 20 over the quantum well case. These results demonstrate the possibility to control spin splittings over wide ranges by the dimensionality of the structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kotlyar, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-41778-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2001 VL 87 BP 1139 EP 1140 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BS98H UT WOS:000171592800539 ER PT S AU Watkins, J Brown, G Blumenstock, K AF Watkins, J Brown, G Blumenstock, K GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Control of integrated radial and axial magnetic bearings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB The goal of this research is to develop a magnetically suspended momentum wheel capable of actively reducing imbalance vibrations Typically, this would require two radial magnetic bearings with separately energized x and y-axes and one axial bearing. In this system, however, the radial and axial functions were combined into a single design for a more compact and elegant package. One downside of the integrated bearings is increased coupling between the radial and axial degrees of freedom. Closed-form solutions are developed for the bias and control forces acting independently. Implications on feedback control design are discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Watkins, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918480 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400001 ER PT S AU Pieper, R Dellsperger, F AF Pieper, R Dellsperger, F GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Personal computer assisted tutorial for Smith Charts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB A recognized advantage associated with the use a Smith Chart is that it obviates the employment of complex algebra in solving transmission line problems. The main point of the paper is to focus on combining the power of the PC, with its visual aesthetics, speed, and accuracy, for the purpose of familiarizing students in the use of the A. Smith's graphical transmission line calculator. The demo version of the PC Smith Chart program, which was obtained over the internet, is limited to less than 6 data point. Despite the demo version's limitations for purposes of extensive design problems it provides an excellent tool for the purposes of introductory level instruction for the Smith Chart. The collection of topics starts with the basic VSWR interpretation for a mismatched line. Rules covering impedance transformations for various point on the Line are easily tested and visualized. Specifically, this will include quarter wave matching, impedance matching using transformers and stub tuning. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pieper@ece.nps.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2001 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918506 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400027 ER PT S AU Pieper, RJ AF Pieper, RJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Laboratory and computer tests for Carson's FM bandwidth rule SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB The commonly cited significance for Carson's FM bandwidth is that it defines spectral limits which contain 98% or more of the spectrum power. The 98% rule typically requires enough computations to discourage its application for in-situ laboratory type measurements. Furthermore, the 98% rule will only provide an upper bound for Carson's Bandwidth Rule. What is suggested in this paper is a more direct, simpler approach which provides both upper and lower bounds. The sideband reduction method, to be described, is based on taking visual cues for sideband reduction levels measured with respect to the unmodulated carrier. Computations required by the method are not extensive. In addition, the sideband reduction method is confirmable using an FFT test on the computer. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918507 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400028 ER PT S AU Piepmeier, JA AF Piepmeier, JA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Uncalibrated vision-based mobile robot obstacle avoidance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB Obstacle avoidance is an important element of mobile robot navigation. Here the obstacle avoidance problem is solved utilizing visual feedback in an optimization-based control technique. This work is part of a larger investigation of uncalibrated vision-based control of unmodelled robotic systems. Specifically, this paper will discuss the control of a mobile robot utilizing a fixed camera. The mobile robot's workspace is within the field of view of the camera. Control is formalized as the minimization of an image-based objective function related to some desired robotic behavior. This function is minimized utilizing a dynamic quasi-Newton method utilizing dynamic recursive least squares Jacobian estimation. An advantage of using Jacobian estimation is that the system model is estimated on-line. This approach provides a generic control method that can be used to control a variety of robotic systems with little a priori information. In addition, no camera calibration is necessary, allowing system reconfigurations. For obstacle avoidance, a potential field approach is used to set up repulsive functions around obstacles. The design and implementation of an objective Function that will navigate the robot to a goal point while avoiding obstacles is discussed. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21405 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21405 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2001 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918526 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400047 ER PT S AU Pieper, R Michael, S AF Pieper, R Michael, S GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Considerations for predicting freezeout and exhaustion under a variety of nontrivial conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV AB A numerically robust method for evaluating the temperature dependent carrier concentrations and related Fermi levels has been proposed [I]. The method is applicable to simple cases for which analytic solutions are available as well as more complex cases in which numerical methods are required due to nonstandard effects including bandgap widening, compensation and degeneracy induced by high levels of doping. The tests presented in the earlier paper[1] did not focus on the use of the algorithm under conditions of high level doping. A degeneracy correction factor was defined as the essential ingredient in the algorithm that gauges the levels of degeneracy. For the trivial case of nondegenerate conditions the degeneracy factor is approximately one. The critical component is the application of the algorithm for degenerate conditions is to obtain a functional evaluation of the degeneracy factor in terms of normalized acceptor and donor energy level differences. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918533 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400054 ER PT S AU Parks, AD Gray, JE AF Parks, AD Gray, JE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Distributed system control based upon combinatorial and probabilistic characterizations of associated decoupling factors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV DE information flow; self-induced degradation; distributed control system; temporal decoupling; topological decoupling AB This paper examines the propensities of distributed control systems to lapse into temporally and topologically decoupled states and recommends a generally viable control methodology for distributed systems which reduces this propensity. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B10 & B30, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918534 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400055 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Parks, AD AF Gray, JE Parks, AD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Application of the solution to the Rayleigh problem SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 18-20, 2001 CL OHIO UNIV, ATHENS, OH SP Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, IEEE Control Soc, IEEE HO OHIO UNIV DE Rayleigh Problem; sinusoidal transformations of random variables; random number generators; characterization of real time processes ID COMPUTER AB There are three problems that arise from attempts to characterize the Rayleigh problem that are of interest to computer scientists: characterizing noise distributions that occur in real time scheduling of computer resources, distinguishing between pusedo-random and random signals that occur on networks (the internet for example) and testing the goodness of random number generators which both occur by using a change of variables for the random variables so that they are wrapped on the unit circle, We discuss how to determine the noise distributions for sinusoidal transformation and then discuss applications of these characterization. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B30 & B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-6661-1 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2001 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1109/SSST.2001.918554 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS29H UT WOS:000169380400075 ER PT S AU Healey, AJ AF Healey, AJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Application of formation control for multi-vehicle robotic minesweeping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB In an effort to find low cost solutions to Naval minesweeping, a fleet of robot minesweepers equipped with detection sensors and acoustic/magnetic devices is proposed. To ensure maximum sweeping all vehicle movements are coordinated through a supervisor vehicle that determines if vehicles are lost to mine detonation, and re-tasks, as needed, the remaining vehicles to follow tracks left by lost vehicles. A computer program has been developed to evaluate control logic linking supervisor and worker vehicles. The algorithms for track control and vehicle ID reassignment are given and example results shown. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Healey, AJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-7061-9 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2001 BP 1497 EP 1502 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BV26B UT WOS:000178362200268 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Convergence of pseudospectral discretizations of optimal control problems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB A generic nonlinear optimal control problem with a Bolza cost functional is discretized by a Legendre pseudospectral method. According to the covector mapping theorem, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multipliers of the discrete problem map linearly to the spectrally discretized covectors of the Bolza problem. Using this result, it is shown that the nonlinear programming problem converges to the continuous Bolza problem at a spectral rate assuming regularity of appropriate functions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aero Astro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aero Astro, Code AA-Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-7061-9 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2001 BP 3175 EP 3177 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BV26B UT WOS:000178362200579 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM AF O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI A streamlined approach for teaching root locus compensator design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB In this paper, classical root locus compensator design methods are streamlined with the objective of simplifying the computational procedures. The proposed methods place less emphasis on compensator synthesis and allow for more emphasis on compensator selection. The design procedures for four standard compensators are developed from a design procedure for the PD compensator. A numerical example is included. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-7061-9 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2001 BP 3224 EP 3229 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BV26B UT WOS:000178362200589 ER PT B AU Goodridge, CL Carroll, TL Pecora, LM Rachford, FJ AF Goodridge, CL Carroll, TL Pecora, LM Rachford, FJ BE Ding, M Ditto, W Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Spatiotemporal chaos in Yttrium Iron Garnet films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Off Naval Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Phillip Lab, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise ID TRANSIENTS AB We describe results from an experiment designed to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of spin wave states in thin films of Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). The states of interest are produced by aligning the atomic spins with a DC magnetic field while simultaneously exciting the spins with a RF magnetic field at a resonance frequency. Periodic and chaotic modulations of the spin wave oscillations can occur when the driven spin wave modes interact with half-frequency spin waves, We use a pair of probes to detect the magnetic state of the film at two spatially separated positions on the film and then use both linear and nonlinear analysis techniques to investigate the relationship between the magnetic state at those positions. Our results indicate that periodic states (typically lower power states) are more strongly correlated than more complicated higher power states. We have also determined that there are nonlinear as well as linear components to the relationship between the two signals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goodridge, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6345, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4561-0 PY 2001 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1142/9789812811516_0003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics; Physics GA BT21Z UT WOS:000172293200003 ER PT B AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL BE Ding, M Ditto, W Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Using unstable periodic orbits to approximate noisy chaotic time series SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Off Naval Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Phillip Lab, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise ID REDUCTION; SYSTEMS AB Many noise reduction techniques have been proposed for chaotic signals, but most techniques only work when the added noise is small. I show in this work how to approximate a chaotic signal by building sequences based on unstable periodic orbits (UPO's). The UPO approximation may be used to recognize attractors even in the presence of large noise, including noise that is deterministic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6345, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4561-0 PY 2001 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1142/9789812811516_0042 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics; Physics GA BT21Z UT WOS:000172293200042 ER PT S AU Zueck, R Taylor, R Palo, P AF Zueck, R Taylor, R Palo, P BE Chung, JS Sayed, M Saeki, H Setoguchi, T TI Development options for Mobile Offshore Base technology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH (2001) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL I SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers DE semisubmersible; classification guide; hydroelasticity; stability; dynamic positioning; and connectors AB A Mobile Offshore Base (MOB) is a very large floating platform comprised of serially connected modules. Previous ISOPE papers described the MOB research program, identified research spin-offs, and assessed technical feasibility in support of a military logistics mission. This paper highlights the most recent MOB technological advancements and explores applicability to building large floating platforms for other military and commercial missions. The paper also outlines specific technologies where additional research work would further reduce the risk of designing, building, and operating large floating platforms. C1 USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Zueck, R (reprint author), USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-52-4 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2001 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS98K UT WOS:000171593000003 ER PT S AU Kriebel, D Wallendorf, L AF Kriebel, D Wallendorf, L BE Chung, JS Sayed, M Saeki, H Setoguchi, T TI Air gap model tests on a MOB module SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH (2001) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL I SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers DE air gap; nonlinear free surface; Mobile Offshore Base; semisubmersible; wave amplification; platform motions; wave probabilities AB Physical model tests were conducted on a large semi-submersible model, representing a 1-to-70 scale model of a single module of the Mobile Offshore Base (MOB). Tests were conducted in head seas in two random sea states, with the model ballasted to a deep operating draft. This paper discusses the characteristics of the MOB model, the experimental setup and test conditions, the observed platform motions, and the degree, of wave amplification under the hull leading to reductions in the effective air gap. These last measurements are based on nine wave gages located under the model, from which basic statistics, spectra, and probability distributions have been computed. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kriebel, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-52-4 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2001 BP 286 EP 293 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS98K UT WOS:000171593000045 ER PT S AU Huang, ET Chen, HC AF Huang, ET Chen, HC BE Chung, JS Prevosto, M Mizutani, N TI Stability investigation of a pontoon barge in wave basin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH (2001) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL III SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers DE pontoon barge; hydraulic model; green water; capsizing; ship roll motion AB This paper addresses some noteworthy findings relating to particular hydrodynamic and hull features leading to the capsizing of a box-shaped pontoon barge in a wave basin. Experimental evidence suggests that these features may substantially influence the capsizing behavior of a shallow deck barge. Most significant are the influences of viscous damping and green water on deck. Both factors substantially shift the resonance frequency and delay barge motions relative to wave excitations. A shallow barge constantly experiences changes in its wetted hull shape that drastically change its stability characteristics in heavy seas. Whereas these subtle changes in resonance frequency and phase lag may be irrelevant to the stability of a large conventional hull, these same changes may lead to the dramatic loss of a pontoon barge with limited freeboard. Test observations raise concerns about the legitimacy of a stability assessment procedure based on potential theory. A proper means capable of capturing the relevant stability features is a necessary step in setting loadline criteria for pontoon barge. A watertight pontoon barge with reasonable reserve stability rarely capsizes. Yet, mishaps were demonstrated in a model basin for conditions of vessel metacentric height close to zero. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Huang, ET (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-54-0 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2001 BP 334 EP 338 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BS98M UT WOS:000171593200048 ER PT S AU Mouring, SE Reichard, RP AF Mouring, SE Reichard, RP BE Langen, I Yao, T Koo, J Knapp, RH Chung, JS TI Fabrication of a composite superstructure using a new assembly method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH (2001) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL IV SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2001) CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL STAVANGER, NORWAY SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers, Canadian Assoc Petr Producers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Korea Comm Ocean Resources & Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Chinese Soc Ocean Engineers, Chinese Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Russian Acad Sci, Singapore Struct Steel Soc, Norwegian Petr Soc, Inst Engineers Australia, Kansai Soc Naval Architects, IRO, Tech Res Ctr Finland, Soc Mat Sci, Offshore Engn Soc, Ukraine Soc Mech Engineers, IFREMER, Scott Polar Res Inst, Inst Engineers Indones, Brazilian Soc Naval Architects & Marine Engineers, Korean Soc Civil Engineers DE composites; adhesive bonding; FRP; ship structures; superstructure AB A composite superstructure system has been developed recently as part of a MARITECH program. In the fall of 1999, a technology demonstration superstructure was fabricated at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, MS, USA. The superstructure was two stories high with a 20 ft by 30 ft footprint, and was fabricated from flat fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sandwich panels, FRP angles, FRP bonding plates, and FRP frames. A new adhesive bonding technique was chosen as the adhesive assembly method. Results from this project demonstrate that both military and commercial superstructure geometries can be constructed using simple components. This paper will outline the fabrication procedure of the composite superstructure system including a discussion on the ongoing development and evaluation of the new joining technique. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-55-9 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2001 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BS93A UT WOS:000171430500034 ER PT B AU Jourdan, L Leavine, C AF Jourdan, L Leavine, C BE Eversole, AG TI Merging law enforcement operations at a field level SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 13-17, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agcy AB In 1998, over 70% of Florida voters elected to revise the state's Constitution, which, among other things, combined Florida's Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission and Marine Fisheries Commission. In July 1999, the merger went into effect creating the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; the largest conservation agency in the nation. This agency is responsible for-all wild animal life, fresh water and marine life, and boating safety enforcement in the state of Florida. The largest division in the new agency is the Division of Law Enforcement, which is made up of law enforcement officers of the former Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission and the Department of Environmental Protection's Marine Patrol (more than 700 sworn and nearly 200 non-sworn employees). Facilitating the merger of the 2 separate law enforcement entities created many challenges. This paper will discuss some of the challenges facing the field level and how first-line supervisors and officers in I geographical area are addressing those challenges. C1 USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Div Law Enforcement, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Jourdan, L (reprint author), USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Div Law Enforcement, Bldg 432, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2001 BP 588 EP 595 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Forestry SC Fisheries; Forestry GA BX04Q UT WOS:000184053000058 ER PT J AU Song, G Vlattas, J Johnson, SE Agrawal, BN AF Song, G Vlattas, J Johnson, SE Agrawal, BN TI Active vibration control of a space truss using a lead zirconate titanate stack actuator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active vibration control; piezoceramic material; flexible spacecraft; space truss ID PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS; INTELLIGENT STRUCTURES AB This paper presents design, implementation and experimental results of active vibration control of Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) space truss using a piezoelectric ceramic stack actuator. The NPS space truss represents a flexible spacecraft structure that may support interferometer, antenna and other vibration-sensitive instrumentation. To simulate the effects of a spacecraft disturbance on the truss, a proof mass actuator is incorporated on the structure to excite the truss. To reduce the vibrations caused by the proof mass actuator, an active strut member is installed along a diagonal of the base bay of the truss. The active strut element consists of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator stack, a force transducer and mechanical interfaces. An integral plus double-integral force controller is designed to suppress vibration of the truss. Experimental results demonstrate that the active piezoceramic strut actuator can effectively reduce truss vibration. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Song, G (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, 244 Sumner St,ASEC-107D, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2001 VL 215 IS G6 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1243/0954410011533356 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 519YG UT WOS:000173752600004 ER PT S AU Fischer, J AF Fischer, J BE Pilbratt, GL Cernicharo, J Heras, AM Prusti, T Harris, RA TI The promise of first spectroscopy of normal and dwarf galaxies SO PROMISE OF THE HERSCHEL SPACE OBSERVATORY, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Promise of the Herschel-Space-Observatory CY DEC 12-15, 2000 CL TOLEDO, SPAIN SP European Space Agcy DE galaxies : normal; galaxies : low metallicity; spectroscopy : far-infrared; missions : FIRST ID ISO-LWS SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; STAR-FORMATION; LINE EMISSION; 158 MICRON AB ISO spectroscopic studies of galaxies gave us a taste of the diversity of IR spectroscopic signatures of galaxies and their potential to characterize stellar populations and their effects on the local interstellar medium, but also led to ambiguities in interpretation because only the brightest lines were detected in many galaxies. FIRST studies will provide a rich and high signal-to-noise database for understanding the emission line deficit and absorption features in warm, heavily obscured moderate luminosity galaxies like NGC 4418 and in the ultraluminous galaxies. Combined with ground-based, SOFIA and SIRTF studies, FIRST will be able to study starburst evolution in galactic disks, gaseous abundance variations and gradients among Hubble types and the affects of active galactic nuclei on the central regions of those galaxies. Even spectroscopic studies of dusty ellipticals will be possible and will allow us to probe, the signatures of heating by old populations and possibly to discover the starburst phenomenon within some of these early-type galaxies. FIRST spectroscopic and broadband studies of low metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxies will provide important templates for interpreting the spectra of luminous galaxies at high redshift. FIRST broadband studios of galaxies with L-IR similar to L* will probe out to z similar to I while FIR spectroscopy will for the first time be able to fully probe the Hubble sequence of galaxies in the local universe. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-681-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 460 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT34T UT WOS:000172696300020 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD AF Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD TI A hybrid method for wave propagation from a localized source, with application to mountain waves SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE internal gravity waves; ray tracing; wave-action ID GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; INTERNAL WAVES; PART II; SHEAR; MESOSPHERE; MODELS; FLOWS; REACH AB Wave propagation from a localized source into a non-uniform medium is analysed using a hybrid method. This consists of an integral representation in the near-field and a numerical ray tracing in the far-field. The ray tracing includes the calculation of wave-action density and is initialized from the stationary-phase approximation to the near-field integral. The method is tested on the problem of mountain waves in a turning wind, as studied by Shutts. A ray calculation with rotation added to the Shutts model is also presented and is interpreted with a simple analytical model in which the horizontal divergence of rays balances the vertical convergence of rays. In the example presented here, the inclusion of rotation speeds up the approach to wave-breaking amplitudes. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 571 BP 129 EP 146 DI 10.1256/smsqj.57107 PN A PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 400JG UT WOS:000166868000007 ER PT J AU Shapiro, MA Wernli, H Bond, NA Langland, R AF Shapiro, MA Wernli, H Bond, NA Langland, R TI The influence of the 1997-99 El Nino Southern Oscillation on extratropical baroclinic life cycles over the eastern North Pacific SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE baroclinic waves; El Nino; potential vorticity ID CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; FLOW AB The El Ni (n) over tildeo Southern Oscillation (ENSO) strongly influences the interannual and seasonal atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific. The present study shows that the meridional displacement of the time-mean upper-level jet associated with ENSO modulates the time-mean barotropic (meridional) wind shear over the central and eastern North Pacific storm track. Earlier theoretical and observational studies established the influence of barotropic wind shear on the life cycles of extratropical cyclones and their upper-level potential vorticity (PV) waves. The present study suggests that differences in the time-mean flow associated with the 1997-99 ENSO cycle had a similar impact on tropopause PV structure, meridional eddy fluxes of momentum and temperature, and predictability. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Shapiro, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mshapiro@ncar.ucar.edu NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 572 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1002/qj.49712757205 PN B PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 416FV UT WOS:000167770400004 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JF Thomas, JP Renaud, JE AF Rodriguez, JF Thomas, JP Renaud, JE TI Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fused deposition materials. Experimental investigation SO RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE deposition; mechanical properties ID FRACTURE AB An experimental study of the mechanical behavior of fused-deposition (FD) ABS plastic materials is described. Elastic moduli and strength values are determined for the ABS monofilament feedstock and various unidirectional FD-ABS materials. The results show a reduction of 11 to 37 per cent in modulus and 22 to 57 per cent in strength for FD-ABS materials relative to the ABS monofilament. These reductions occur due to the presence of voids and a loss of molecular orientation during the FD extrusion process. The results can be used to benchmark computational models for stiffness and strength as a function of the processing parameters for use in computationally optimizing the mechanical performance of FD-ABS materials in functional applications. C1 Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Mecan, Caracas, Venezuela. USN, Res Lab, NOVA Res Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Rodriguez, JF (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Mecan, Caracas, Venezuela. RI Rodriguez, Jose/H-4589-2011 OI Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0001-7612-266X NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 45 PU MCB U P LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-2546 J9 RAPID PROTOTYPING J JI Rapid Prototyping J. PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 148 EP 158 DI 10.1108/13552540110395547 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 454CU UT WOS:000169955500004 ER PT S AU Kaplan, CR Oran, ES AF Kaplan, CR Oran, ES BE Bartel, TJ Gallis, MA TI Nonlinear filtering for low-velocity gaseous microflows SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Sandia Natl Labs, AFOSR/AOARD, ONR IFO Asia, Far E, DLR, USA Res Off, GAB Consulting Pty Ltd, Telstra ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; FLOWS; HEAT AB Gaseous flows in microfluidic devices are often characterized by relatively high Knudsen numbers. For such flows, the continuum approximation is not valid, and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) is an appropriate solution. However, for low-velocity flows, where the fluid velocity is much smaller than the mean molecular velocity, large statistical fluctuations in the solution mean that the features of the flow may be obscured by noise in the solution. In this paper, we evaluate a method for numerically simulating low velocity microflows, in which we use a high-order, nonlinear monotone convection algorithm as a filter to extract the solution from the noisy DSMC calculation. We test the filtering method on a high-velocity microchannel flow problem, for which we know the correct DSMC solution, and show that the filtered and correct DSMC solutions are qualitatively similar and follow the same trends. We then apply the filter to a low-velocity microchannel flow and compare the results with an analytical continuum solution using slip-wall boundary conditions. Results indicate that the filtering operation successfully removes the large statistical fluctuations, reduces computational time, and makes it feasible to do low-velocity microflow calculations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0025-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 585 BP 472 EP 479 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT38R UT WOS:000172834300064 ER PT S AU Mott, DR Oran, ES Kaplan, CR AF Mott, DR Oran, ES Kaplan, CR BE Bartel, TJ Gallis, MA TI Microfilter simulations and scaling laws SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Sandia Natl Labs, AFOSR/AOARD, ONR IFO Asia, Far E, DLR, USA Res Off, GAB Consulting Pty Ltd, Telstra AB This work presents DSMC simulations used to quantify the effect of Knudsen number on flows through filters with micron-scale holes. The empirical scaling laws currently used to predict pressure drop as a function of flow conditions and filter geometry are based on experiments and calculations within the continuum regime. We illustrate that noncontinuum effects are significant for filters designed to capture biowarfare agents and pathogens of current interest. We also suggest a scaling based on Knudsen number for correcting the classic scaling laws to include these effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0025-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 585 BP 480 EP 485 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT38R UT WOS:000172834300065 ER PT B AU Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE AF Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE BE Peters, DG Schafer, HJ Workentin, MS Yoshida, J TI Electrochemical studies of Diels-Alder reactions in a room-temperature molten salt SO REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES IN ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Reactive Intermediates in Organic and Biological Electrochemistry CY MAR 26, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, Organ & Biol Electrochem Div ID CHLOROALUMINATE IONIC LIQUIDS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The Diels-Aider reactions of maleic anhydride and p-benzoquinone with cyclopentadiene have been carried out in the aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salt system. These systems have been found to produce the endo 1: 1 adduct isomers in the basic and neutral melts, respectively. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-320-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 14 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17Y UT WOS:000181082700030 ER PT B AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, GT BE Peters, DG Schafer, HJ Workentin, MS Yoshida, J TI Electrochemical studies of the fries rearrangement in a room-temperature molten salt SO REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES IN ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Reactive Intermediates in Organic and Biological Electrochemistry CY MAR 26, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, Organ & Biol Electrochem Div ID IONIC LIQUIDS; CHLOROALUMINATE AB The Fries rearrangement of phenyl benzoate has been studied in the aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) molten salt system. Rearrangement occurs in 2 to 3 days in acidic and neutral buffered melts at 75degreesC and was not observed in basic melts. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxybenzophenone were obtained as major and minor products, respectively. Crossover experiments with benzene yielded only minimal amounts of benzophenone. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-320-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 14 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17Y UT WOS:000181082700035 ER PT S AU Curdt, W Landi, E Feldman, U Innes, D Dwivedi, B Wilhelm, K AF Curdt, W Landi, E Feldman, U Innes, D Dwivedi, B Wilhelm, K BE Brekke, P Fleck, B Gurman, JB TI Spectroscopic features in the EUV Emission of a M8 flare observed by SUMER SO RECENT INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYSICS OF THE SUN AND HELIOSPHERE: HIGHLIGHTS FROM SOHO AND OTHER SPACE MISSIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID HELIUM AB A flare of size M8 occurred while SUMER was recording a spectral scan above the active region NOAA 8537 at the west limb. We recorded spectra during the pre-flare phase, at flare onset, and during the decay phase of this main flare in a series of events. More than 60 flare lines were identified during this observation, which include Fe XVIII - Fe XXIII lines that provide evidence of 1(0)7 K plasmas. We also recorded lines from He-like ions, such as Ne IX, Na x, Mg xi, and Si XIII. Accurate wavelength measurements of such lines are of interest in basic atomic physics studies. Using plasma diagnostic techniques, we investigated the temporal evolution of the electron densities and temperatures during the event. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. NRL, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Curdt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-069-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 203 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU43X UT WOS:000175997400053 ER PT S AU Dere, KP Subramanian, P AF Dere, KP Subramanian, P BE Brekke, P Fleck, B Gurman, JB TI Source regions of coronal mass ejections SO RECENT INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYSICS OF THE SUN AND HELIOSPHERE: HIGHLIGHTS FROM SOHO AND OTHER SPACE MISSIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FLUX AB Observations of the solar corona with the LASCO and EIT instruments on SOHO provide an unprecedented opportunity to study coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from their initiation through their evolution out to 30 R-circle dot. The objective of this study is to gain an understanding of the source regions from which the CMEs emanate. To this end, we have developed a list of 32 CMEs whose source regions are located on the solar disk and are well observed in EIT 195 Angstrom data during the solar minimum phase of January 1996-May 1998. We compare the EIT source regions with photospheric magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on SOHO and the NSO/Kitt Peak Observatory and also with Hoe data from various sources. The overall results of our study show that 59% of the CME related transients observed in EIT 195 Angstrom images are associated with active regions without prominences, 22% are associated with eruptions of prominences embedded in active regions and 19% are associated with eruptions of quiescent prominences. We describe 3 especially well observed events, one from each of these 3 categories. These case studies suggest that active region CMEs are associated with active regions with lifetimes between 11-80 days. They are also often associated with small scale emerging or cancelling flux over timescales of 6-7 hours. CMEs associated with active region prominence eruptions, on the other hand, are typically associated with old active regions with lifetimes similar to 6-7 months. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7660, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-069-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 203 BP 362 EP 373 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU43X UT WOS:000175997400083 ER PT J AU Tritt, TM Browning, VM AF Tritt, TM Browning, VM TI Overview of measurement and characterization techniques for thermoelectric materials SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH I SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SKUTTERUDITES; THERMOPOWER; PLACEMENT C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tritt, TM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 2001 VL 69 BP 25 EP 49 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR34J UT WOS:000166169700002 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, AC Wolf, SA AF Ehrlich, AC Wolf, SA TI Military applications of enhanced thermoelectrics SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH II SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Washington, DC USA. RP Ehrlich, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 2001 VL 70 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR32M UT WOS:000166106300005 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ TI Theoretical and computational approaches for identifying and optimizing novel thermoelectric materials SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH II SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SKUTTERUDITE-TYPE STRUCTURE; BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; COSB3 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; P-TYPE COSB3; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RARE-EARTH; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 104 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 2001 VL 70 BP 125 EP 177 PG 53 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR32M UT WOS:000166106300006 ER PT S AU Broido, DA Reinecke, TL AF Broido, DA Reinecke, TL BE Tritt, TM TI Thermoelectric transport in quantum well and quantum wire superlattices SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH III SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHONON-SCATTERING; HIGH FIGURE; MERIT C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broido, DA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 0-12-752180-1 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 2001 VL 71 BP 123 EP 155 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR42Q UT WOS:000166371200003 ER PT J AU Dominguez, E AF Dominguez, E TI Distressing upper extremity phantom limb sensation during intravenous regional anesthesia SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE phantom limb pain; phantom sensations; intravenous regional anesthesia; IVRA ID SPINAL-ANESTHESIA; PAIN AB Background and Objectives: The objective of this article is to describe a case of distressing upper extremity phantom limb sensation during intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA). Case Report: A 33-year-old American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I female with an uncomplicated intrauterine gestation presented for endoscopic carpal tunnel release. Following gravity-assisted exsanguination of the vertically positioned left upper extremity, she underwent an IVRA. Within minutes of her arm being repositioned for surgery she remarked that the arm felt as if it was still in the vertical position. This sensory disturbance was described as fatiguing and exhausting. Despite reassurance and medication with intravenous narcotics her symptoms became intolerable. Her phantom sensation disappeared upon dissipation of the IVRA. Conclusions: There are no previous reports regarding the development of phantom phenomena during an IVRA. The occurrence of distressing phantom sensations during an otherwise adequate IVRA may be interpreted as block failure and may lead to conversion to general anesthesia. Practitioners are encouraged to consider these phenomena when performing IVRA. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Dominguez, E (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM edominguez821@pol.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-7339 EI 1532-8651 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1053/rapm.2001.9854 PG 3 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 394ZL UT WOS:000166554200016 PM 11172516 ER PT S AU Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM AF Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM BE Wheeler, JC Martel, H TI Quantum singularity of spacetimes with dislocations and disclinations SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics CY DEC 10-15, 2000 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, US DOE, Univ Texas Austin, Off Vice President Res, Univ Texas Austin, Coll Natl Sci, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astronom, Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ ID SPINNING STRINGS AB A class of spacetimes with the mildest true classical singularities is shown to be quantum mechanically singular as well. These static quasiregular spacetimes with dislocations and disclinations are quantum-mechanically singular since the spatial portion of the wave operator is not essentially self-adjoint and thus the evolution of a test quantum wave packet is not uniquely determined by the initial wave function. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Konkowski, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0026-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 586 BP 879 EP 881 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT35V UT WOS:000172735600153 ER PT B AU Batra, NK AF Batra, NK BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of bond quality in adhesively bonded structural materials using Doppler sampling SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV ID SONOELASTICITY AB Adhesively bonded components are being used extensively in naval and aerospace structures. Such components consist of homogeneous or heterogeneous adherends (e.g., metals, composites etc.) bonded together by a suitable adhesive. The strength of the component depends upon the bond quality. In this paper, we describe the application of Doppler effect to evaluate the bond quality. The bondline region is excited by means of a low frequency, large amplitude harmonic force. The vibrating surface is then interrogated with a high frequency ultrasonic wave. The modulation of backscatterd wave depends upon the bond quality. The debond regions show more harmonies in the spectra than the bonded regions. This observation can be used to characterize bonded and debond regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batra, NK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6353, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1090 EP 1095 PN A&B PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800141 ER PT J AU Weaver, JL Holland, G Feldman, U Seely, JF Brown, CM Serlin, V Deniz, AV Klapisch, M AF Weaver, JL Holland, G Feldman, U Seely, JF Brown, CM Serlin, V Deniz, AV Klapisch, M TI The determination of absolutely calibrated spectra from laser produced plasmas using a transmission grating spectrometer at the Nike laser facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AB A transmission grating spectrometer has been developed that is capable of recording time-resolved spectra from laser-irradiated target foils in the wavelength range from 10 to 150 Angstrom. Since the primary goal is to quantify the radiation flux from the resulting plasma, a detailed investigation has been conducted to evaluate the estimation of the absolute radiation intensity. Time-integrated spectra were observed on photographic film using a 5000 l/mm grating and clearly show the superposition of four diffraction orders. The deconvolution of the observed spectrum is based on a quantitative description of the spectrometer's performance using the calibrated transmission efficiencies of the grating's diffraction orders. This deconvolution procedure can provide an estimate of the absolute spectral intensity with a residual error of similar to 20%. Results from a high spectral resolution grazing-incidence spectrometer have been used in the development of this method. A streak camera (not absolutely calibrated) was also used with the transmission grating spectrometer to record the time-resolved spectra. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Weaver, JL (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1063/1.1332113 PN 1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387RR UT WOS:000166136100014 ER PT J AU Miller, MC Celeste, JR Stoyer, MA Suter, LJ Tobin, MT Grun, J Davis, JF Barnes, CW Wilson, DC AF Miller, MC Celeste, JR Stoyer, MA Suter, LJ Tobin, MT Grun, J Davis, JF Barnes, CW Wilson, DC TI Debris characterization diagnostic for the NIF SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB Generation of debris from targets and by x-ray ablation of surrounding materials will be a matter of concern for experimenters and National Ignition Facility (NIF) operations. Target chamber and final optics protection, for example debris shield damage, drive the interest for NIF operations. Experimenters are primarily concerned with diagnostic survivability, separation of mechanical versus radiation induced test object response in the case of effects tests, and radiation transport through the debris field when the net radiation output is used to benchmark computer codes. In addition, radiochemical analysis of activated capsule debris during ignition shots can provide a measure of the ablator [rhor]. Conceptual design of the Debris Monitor and Rad-Chem Station, one of the NIF core diagnostics, is presented. Methods of debris collection, particle size and mass analysis, impulse measurement, and radiochemical analysis are given. A description of recent experiments involving debris collection and impulse measurement on the OMEGA and Pharos lasers is also provided. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1063/1.1310587 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600060 ER PT J AU Failor, BH Coleman, PA Levine, JS Song, Y Sze, HM Chong, YK Apruzese, JP AF Failor, BH Coleman, PA Levine, JS Song, Y Sze, HM Chong, YK Apruzese, JP TI Axially resolved z-pinch density, electron temperature, and K-shell emitting mass estimates from charge-coupled device based diagnostics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID ARGON; NEON AB Timely estimates of z-pinch plasma conditions can aid in the optimization of plasma radiation source K-shell emission. For example, a shell-on-shell argon gas puff has many parameters, such as the axial gas density profile, inner to outer shell mass ratio, total mass, and pinch load length, which can be varied on a shot by shot basis. At the Double-EAGLE facility at Maxwell Physics International, digital cameras have been implemented to routinely record pinhole images, x-ray spectra, and axially resolved streak images. A computer algorithm has been implemented to take as input the data (pinch diameter, Ar Ly(alpha) to He-alpha line ratio, and K-shell power) and output the plasma parameters (density, electron temperature, and K-shell-emitting mass) as a function of z-pinch axial location. We describe the algorithm and present results for three different z-pinch loads. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Berkeley Res Associates, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Failor, BH (reprint author), Maxwell Phys Int, 2700 Merced St, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1232 EP 1235 DI 10.1063/1.1324751 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600211 ER PT J AU El Ridi, R Ragab, S Lewis, S Afifi, A AF El Ridi, R Ragab, S Lewis, S Afifi, A TI Role of IgE in primary murine Schistosomiasis mansoni SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATED CERCARIAE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ADULT-WORM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; DEFICIENT MICE; TH2 RESPONSES; ELEVATED IGE; EGG ANTIGENS; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES AB Schistosoma mansoni infection proceeds in normal mice in the absence of detectable levels of polyclonal or specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E until worms mature and deposit eggs, Hence, the course of a primary S, mansoni infection is not expected to vary appreciably in mice with defects in the IgE production. Experimental increase of IgE production early after infection may, however, influence worm development. In the first approach towards this goal, BALB/c mice were injected with interleukin(IL)-4 to raise the level of endogenously synthesized IgE, A significant increase in serum polyclonal IgE and antischistosome IgG1 during the prepatent period was not associated with significant changes in worm and egg burden or liver pathology. During the second approach, mice were injected with IgE which was affinity purified from serum of BALB/c mice infected for 16 weeks with S. mansoni. The purified IgE bound to carbohydrate-independent epitopes of soluble antigens from 3 h larvae, adult worms and eggs and recognized the schistosomular surface membrane, No differences in worm and egg load or granuloma number and size were noted between untreated and exogenous IgE-injected mice. Together, the data demonstrate that by itself IgE does not influence the outcome of infection in primary murine S, mansoni. C1 Cairo Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Cairo 12613, Egypt. Egyptian Org Biol Prod & Vaccines, Biomed Res Ctr Infect Dis, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Cairo Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Cairo 12613, Egypt. EM Rashika@FRCU.EUN.Eg RI Elhadad, Sahar/I-8486-2012 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-9475 EI 1365-3083 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 53 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00835.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 399CT UT WOS:000166794100004 PM 11169203 ER PT J AU Wallace, MR Persing, DH McCutchan, JA Magara, J Nelson, JA Heaton, RK Tasker, SA Grant, I AF Wallace, MR Persing, DH McCutchan, JA Magara, J Nelson, JA Heaton, RK Tasker, SA Grant, I CA HNRC Group TI Bartonella henselae serostatus is not correlated with neurocognitive decline in HIV infection SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; ROCHALIMAEA ANTIBODIES; ENCEPHALOPATHY; PATIENT AB Bartonella henselae has been implicated as a significant cause of HIV-associated dementia. We attempted to confirm this association by utilizing the database of the San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, which collects longitudinal neurocognitive and laboratory data on over 500 HIV-infected participants. Utilizing an immunofluorescent assay we found that 11% of 177 subjects, half of whom had documented neurocognitive decline, were seropositive for B. hensalae. There was no correlation between B. hensalae seropositivity and neurocognitive decline. The role of B. hensalae in HIV-associated dementia remains ambiguous. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MI USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. VA Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wallace, MR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 45294] NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 593 EP 595 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 464LG UT WOS:000170533600007 PM 11525353 ER PT J AU Metzbower, EA DeLoach, JJ Lalam, SH Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Metzbower, EA DeLoach, JJ Lalam, SH Bhadeshia, HKDH TI Neural network analysis of strength and ductility of welding alloys for high strength low alloy shipbuilding steels SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB There are considerable demands for the development of weld metals for high strength low alloy steels. To assist in meeting such demands, a neural network tvas trained and tested on set of data obtained on weld metals for steels of the type used for shipbuilding. The input variables for the network were the chemical elements crud the weld cooling rate. The outputs consisted of the yield and ultimate tensile strengths, elongation, and reduction of area. Many models here created using different network configurations and initial conditions. An appropriate committee of models was then assembled by testing the ability of the models to generalise on unseen data. The neural network technique used is due to MacKay, with a Bayesian framework, and hence allows the estimation of error bars, which warn the user when data are sparse or locally noisy. The method revealed significant trends describing the dependence of mechanical properties on weld composition and cooling rate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Welding & Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 2 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1179/136217101101538622 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 462KA UT WOS:000170418200009 ER PT J AU Metzbower, EA DeLoach, JJ Lalam, SH Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Metzbower, EA DeLoach, JJ Lalam, SH Bhadeshia, HKDH TI Analysis of toughness of welding alloys for high strength low alloy shipbuilding steels SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS AB In precious stork by the present authors a model seas developed for the estimation of the tensile properties (strength and ductility) of;ferrous allots intended for the welding of high strength low allot steels used in the construction of ships. The method used to model the properties as a function of a large number of variables was based on a neural network within a Bayesian framework. This method is particularly useful when attempting to understand complex non-linear phenomena where the distribution of data within the input space is not obvious. In the present stork, a similar approach is used to model the toughness (characterised by Charpy and dynamic tear tests) of the same allots. The level of noise in the experimental data is perceived to he high, but it has nevertheless been possible to recognise reasonable trends and uncertainties when making predictions. For example, the toughness shorts a nonlinear deterioration as the oxygen concentration is increased: this behaviour is expected but can now be expressed quantitatively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Aberdeen, MD USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 6 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 517ZF UT WOS:000173640200007 ER PT J AU West, RD AF West, RD TI Operational oceanography in 2000 SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP West, RD (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 398TG UT WOS:000166772000010 ER PT J AU Cohen, JM AF Cohen, JM TI Ocean science & technology at Office of Naval Research SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Cohen, JM (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 398TG UT WOS:000166772000014 ER PT J AU Wilkens, RH AF Wilkens, RH TI Why go to sea? SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Wilkens, RH (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 398TG UT WOS:000166772000027 ER PT B AU Spector, MS Price, RR Schnur, JM AF Spector, MS Price, RR Schnur, JM BE Aggeli, A Boden, N Zhang, S TI Chiral lipid tubules SO SELF-ASSEMBLING PEPTIDE SYSTEMS IN BIOLOGY, MEDICINE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Self-Assembling Peptide Systems in Biology, Medicine and Engineering CY JUL 01-06, 1999 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID HELICAL RIBBONS; MICROSTRUCTURES; MEMBRANES; LENGTH C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-7090-2 PY 2001 BP 311 EP 321 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BT58E UT WOS:000173417800022 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M Twigg, ME Thompson, PE Kuan, TS Inoki, CK AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M Twigg, ME Thompson, PE Kuan, TS Inoki, CK BE Hunt, CE Baumgart, H Gosele, U Abe, T TI Relaxation mechanisms of strained SiGe films bonded to high and low viscosity oxides SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS V, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Internation Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc ID SILICON; SUBSTRATE; GLASSES; GROWTH; LAYERS AB A new type of compliant substrate based on a low viscosity multicomponent glass is investigated. Relaxation behavior of compressively strained heteroepitaxial Si0.7Ge0.3 films bonded to this low viscosity glass as well as high viscosity thermal SiO2 is compared. Film relaxation, achieved by thermal annealing, is substantially different for the two compliant media. Strained films bonded to high viscosity SiO2 partially relax at temperatures below the glass transition temperature, T-G, whereas for low viscosity borophosphorosilicate glass, films relax well above T-G. Relaxation on the low T-G glass is characterized by film buckling and on the high T-G glass films remain planar. This difference in behavior points to different relaxation mechanisms: for the low T-G glass film relaxation is facilitated by viscous flow of the glass whereas on thermal SiO2, relaxation is possible through plastic flow at the oxide/semiconductor interface. Finally, for the low T-G glass, film buckling is successfully avoided by patterning the strained films into small areas prior to annealing, and indicates that film expansion must be considered for elastic strain relaxation on compliant media. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-258-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 99 IS 35 BP 85 EP 91 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BS34G UT WOS:000169551200009 ER PT B AU Hicks, JD Stoyen, AD Zhu, QM AF Hicks, JD Stoyen, AD Zhu, QM BE Andler, SF Hinchey, MG Offutt, J TI Intelligent agent-based software architecture for combat performance under overwhelming information inflow and uncertainty SO SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING OF COMPLEX COMPUTER SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems-ICECCS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems CY JUN 11-13, 2001 CL SKOVDE, SWEDEN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Complexity Comp, Univ Skovde, Municipal Skovde, ARTES ID ENVIRONMENTS AB In the highly dynamic and information rich environment of military submarine operations. the Commanding Officer must make split second decisions that could ultimately result in the destruction or survival of Ownship or the accomplishment of its designated mission. Despite extensive training and expertise, the fog of war often shadows real world encounters. Pieces of the tactical puzzle may be scattered, broken, and/or even missing. It is the Commanding Officer's job to meld the fog into a clear tactical picture and intuitively decide upon the optimal course of action to obtain his mission goals and objectives. A mathematically derived optimal solution could be used as a decision making aid for the Commanding Officer to enhance Ownship's performance. A highly innovative hybrid Bayesian/differential game modeling approach is being developed to tackle this problem. The resulting theory and technology will facilitate tactical operations by addressing such practical problems as tradeoff evaluation for course of action and maintaining tactical advantage while avoiding counter detection. C1 Univ Nebraska, USN, USSTRATCOM, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Hicks, JD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USN, USSTRATCOM, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM jeffre5659@aol.com; astoyen@unomaha.edu; zhuq@unomaha.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1159-7 J9 IEEE INT C ENG COMP PY 2001 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1109/ICECCS.2001.930179 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS39P UT WOS:000169737800022 ER PT J AU Chambers, G Sandusky, H Zerilli, F Rye, K Tussing, R Forbes, J AF Chambers, G Sandusky, H Zerilli, F Rye, K Tussing, R Forbes, J TI Pressure measurements on a deforming surface in response to an underwater explosion in a water-filled aluminum tube SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE DYSMAS; shock validation; wall deformation; underwater detonation; computer modeling; streak photography; tourmaline gage AB Experiments have been conducted to benchmark DYSMAS computer code calculations for the dynamic interaction of water with cylindrical structures. Small explosive charges were suspended using hypodermic needle tubing inside Al tubes filed with distilled water. Pressures were measured during shock loading by tourmaline crystal, carbon resistor and ytterbium foil ages bonded to the tube using a variety of adhesives. Comparable calculated and measured pressures were obtained for the explosive charges used, with some gages surviving long enough tl, record results after cavitation with the tube wall. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chambers, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 455BT UT WOS:000170008200001 ER PT S AU Gray, JE McCabe, DH AF Gray, JE McCabe, DH BE Drummond, OE TI Tracking with asynchronous multiple sensors SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2001 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID FUSION AB Sensor data fusion has long been recognized as a means to improve target tracking. Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous (i.e., perform the, same operation at the identical time), take measurements at the same time and have no communication delays between sensor platforms and the central processing center. Such assumptions are not valid in practice. This paper removes these assumptions when dealing with multisensor target tracking. In particular, it assumes that the sensors used can have different data rates and communication delays between local and central platforms. A new tracking algorithm using asynchronous sensors is proposed and derived in this paper. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM grayjel@nswe.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4187-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4473 BP 350 EP 360 DI 10.1117/12.492748 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU37U UT WOS:000175830200032 ER PT S AU Streit, RL Graham, ML Walsh, MJ AF Streit, RL Graham, ML Walsh, MJ BE Kadar, I TI Multi-target tracking on intensity-modulated sensor data SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multi-target tracking; probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking; resampled prior; distributed target signal; thresholding loss; azimuth tracking ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MIXTURE-MODELS; TRUNCATED DATA; EM ALGORITHM AB Tracking energy on an intensity-modulated sensor output typically requires windowing, thresholding, and/or interpolation to arrive at "point measurements" to feed the tracking algorithm. Conventional trackers are point trackers, and point measurement estimation procedures pose problems for tracking signal energy that is distributed across many sensor cells. Such signals are sometimes termed "over-resolved." Large arrays provide greater resolution with the potential for improved detection and classification performance, but higher resolution is in direct conflict with tracking over-resolved signals. The Histogram-Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (H-PMHT) algorithm addresses these issues and provides a means for modeling and tracking signals that are spread across several contiguous sensor cells. H-PMHT models the cell responses as a received energy histogram, and the probability density underlying this histogram is modeled by a mixture density. Elements of the H-PMHT signal model, theory; and algorithm are presented for linear Gauss-Markov targets. Tracking examples using simulated azimuth beam data are presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Streit, RL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4075-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4380 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.436985 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT21R UT WOS:000172292300004 ER PT S AU Bamber, D Goodman, IR Torrez, WC Nguyen, HT AF Bamber, D Goodman, IR Torrez, WC Nguyen, HT BE Kadar, I TI Complexity reducing algorithm for near optimal fusion (CRANOF) with application to tracking and information fusion SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE second order probability logic; underconstrained probabilities; bayesian technique; complexity reduction; tracking and correlation; entailment; commonsense reasoning; rule-based systems; conditional probabilities; conditional events; conditional event algebra ID PROBABILITY AB Conditional probability logics (CPL's), such as Adams', while producing many satisfactory results, do not agree with commonsense reasoning for a number of key entailment schemes, including transitivity and contraposition. Also, CPL's and bayesian techniques, often: (1) use restrictive independence/simplification assumptions; (2) lack a rationale behind choice of prior distribution; (3) require highly complex implementation calculations; (4) introduce ad hoc techniques. To address the above difficulties, a new CPL is being developed: CRANOF - Complexity Reducing Algorithm for Near Optimal Fusion-based upon three factors: (i) second order probability logic (SOPL), i.e., "probability of probabilities" within a bayesian framework; (ii) justified use of Dirichlet family priors, based on an extension of Lukacs' characterization theorem; and (iii) replacement of the theoretical optimal solution by a near optimal one where the complexity of computations is reduced significantly. A fundamental application of CRANOF to correlation and tracking is provided here through a generic example in a form similar to transitivity: two track histories are to be merged or left alone, based upon observed kinematic and nonkinematic attribute information and conditional probabilities connecting the observed data to the degrees of matching of attributes, as well as relating the matching of prescribed groups of attributes from each track history to the correlation level between the histories. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, SSC SD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, SSC SD, Code D44215, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM bamber@spawar.navy.mil; goodman@spawar.navy.mil; torrez@nwc.navy.mil; hunguyen@nmsu.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4075-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4380 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1117/12.436955 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT21R UT WOS:000172292300025 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Kadar, I TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: tree structure and optimization SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems; distributed AI algorithms ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM AB Modern naval battleforces generally include many different platforms each with onboard sensors such as, radar, ESM, and communications. The sharing of information measured by local sensors via communication links across the battlegroup should allow for optimal or near optimal decisions. A fuzzy logic expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager is made up of four trees, the isolated platform tree, the multi-platform tree, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. The isolated platform tree provides a fuzzy decision tree that allows an individual platform to respond to a threat. The multi-platform tree allows a group of platforms to respond to a threat in a collaborative fashion. The fizzy parameter selection tree is designed to make optimal selections of root concept parameters. The strategy tree is a fuzzy tree that an agent uses to try to predict the behavior of an enemy. Finally, an example is provided that shows how the resource manager uses its subtrees to deliver high quality responses for many demanding scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4075-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4380 BP 312 EP 323 DI 10.1117/12.436959 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT21R UT WOS:000172292300029 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK BE Kadar, I TI Utilizing a class labeling feature in an adaptive Bayesian classifier SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition X CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE discrete observations; multinomial; dirichlet; feature selection; Mean-Field theory ID PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, the Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is developed that adaptively trains on data containing missing values. In the basic data model for this algorithm each feature vector of a given class contains a class-labeling feature. Thus, the methods developed here are used to demonstrate performance for problems in which it is desired to adapt the existing training data with data containing missing values, such as the class-labeling feature. Given that, the Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm labels the adapted data, while simultaneously determining those features that provide best classification performance. That is, performance is improved by reducing the data to mitigate the effects of the curse of dimensionality. Further, to demonstrate performance, the algorithm is compared to the classifier that does not adapt and bases its decisions on only the prior training data, and also the optimal clairvoyant classifier. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4075-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4380 BP 488 EP 496 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT21R UT WOS:000172292300047 ER PT S AU Saddow, SE Mynbaeva, M Choyke, WJ Devaty, RP Bai, S Melnychuck, G Koshka, Y Dmitriev V Wood, CEC AF Saddow, SE Mynbaeva, M Choyke, WJ Devaty, RP Bai, S Melnychuck, G Koshka, Y Dmitriev, V Wood, CEC BE Pensl, G Stephani, D Hundhausen, M TI SiC defect density reduction by epitaxy on porous surfaces SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, ECSCRM2000 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2000 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forschung Gemeinschaft, European Commiss, High Level Sci Conf, US ARL European Res Off, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Cree, Axitron, DaimlerChrysler, Emcore, Epigress, H C Starck, Infineon Technologies, Leybold, NovaSiC, Omicron, Phys Tech, Saes Getters, SiCrystal, Siemens, Specs, Steag RTP Syst, Sterling Semicond, TDI, Triple O Microscopy, II VI Inc, Varian, Wacker Siltron DE buffer layers; epitaxial growth; photoluminescence; porous SIC AB The presence of micropipes and dislocations in SiC wafers used as substrates for SIC epitaxial growth may cause formation of lattice defects in the epi-layers. In this research a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process on porous SiC (PSC) buffer layers was developed to reduce structural defect concentrations in SiC epi-layers. One possible mechanism for defect reduction is nano-scale lateral epitaxial overgrowth whereby the pores serve as regions to relieve stress at the growth surface. Previous X-ray diffraction, RHEED, SEM and AFM characterization has demonstrated good surface quality of these films gown on PSC substrates compared with conventional (control) substrates. For this study, the porous substrate surface was fabricated by surface anodization on half of a commercial 4H-SiC (0001) Si-face off-axis wafer. The other half of each wafer was protected by wax during this process and served as a control substrate. 4H-SiC epitaxial layers of thickness ranging from 4 to 10 mum were then grown on the processed substrates by atmospheric pressure CVD. LTPL data taken at 2K shows virtually no evidence of the L(1) line for the film grown on PSC while the line is clearly evident in the spectra from films grown on the control substrate. The LI line appears in rapid CVD growth and is related to intrinsic defects in films grown too quickly. It appears from this preliminary work that epitaxial films gown on porous SiC buffer lavers have a lower density of defects than identical epitaxial firms grown on commercially available SiC substrates. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, RU-194021 St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. TDI Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Saddow, SE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 9571, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Mynbaeva, Marina/C-1121-2014 OI Mynbaeva, Marina/0000-0002-6321-1724 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-873-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 353-356 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BS06N UT WOS:000168535200028 ER PT B AU Lewis, H Henderson, S Danko, T AF Lewis, H Henderson, S Danko, T BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Separation composition evaluation in model rechargeable silver-zinc cells SO SIXTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 09-12, 2001 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Los Angeles City, Dept Water & Power, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Int Cadmium Assoc (N Amer), Int Battery Technol Inc, SO Calif Edison Co, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Calif State, Dept Elect Engn HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB In previous reports, the evaluation of Viskase sausage casings (SC 's) in a variety of configurations for silver/zinc rechargeable cells has been reported. The conclusions have been that several layers of SC, while providing improved resistance to silver migration and zinc dendrite growth compared to standard cellophane film, also impart increased internal impedance which leads to faster capacity loss in comparison to standard cellophane film. The principal direction for further work appeared to be to incorporate a thin film layer of polyvinyl alcohol to serve as an additional barrier to silver migration. This would allow a reduction in the number of layers of SC, resulting in a decrease in impedance and an increase in capacity performance. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Power Source Dept, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Lewis, H (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Power Source Dept, Code 609,Bldg 3287,300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6545-3 PY 2001 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2001.905092 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BR58U UT WOS:000166855600001 ER PT B AU Govar, CJ Squires, TL AF Govar, CJ Squires, TL BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Safety tests of lithium 9-volt batteries for navy applications - The 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances Long Beach, January 2001 SO SIXTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 09-12, 2001 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Los Angeles City, Dept Water & Power, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Int Cadmium Assoc (N Amer), Int Battery Technol Inc, SO Calif Edison Co, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Calif State, Dept Elect Engn HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) batteries are relatively inexpensive, readily accessible, and extremely versatile. These attributes allow the military to save lime and money during the research and development stages. Of these COTS batteries, a 9-Volt (9V) lithium/manganese dioxide battery is the subject of this paper. This 9V battery has the ability to provide a low magnetic signature, which is very important to the Navy for many applications. Also, it is Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed at the unit level; however, these UL tests can not be directly related to the safety of these 9V batteries when they are combined in various series and parallel configurations Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Carderock was tasked to rate the safety of several such specialized battery packs. Tt was found that packs consisting of two 9V batteries in parallel were relatively safe, experiencing no violent behavior. Battery packs with six 9Vs in parallel vented and deformed the 9V batteries, but no smoke or names were noticed. A battery pack with thirty 9V batteries, 2 in series with 15 legs, experienced venting smoke, and names under certain circumstances. After testing, the six and thirty 9V packs were required to include the addition of various safety devices. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Caderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Govar, CJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Caderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6545-3 PY 2001 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2001.905150 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BR58U UT WOS:000166855600059 ER PT S AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Cullen, JB Lograsso, TA AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Cullen, JB Lograsso, TA BE Lynch, CS TI Magnetostrictive and piezomagnetic properties of Tb1-XDyxZn at low temperatures SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab ID 77 K C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 645, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4019-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4333 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.432752 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BT02A UT WOS:000171643800020 ER PT S AU Thorp, O Ruzzene, M Baz, A AF Thorp, O Ruzzene, M Baz, A BE Inman, DJ TI Attenuation and localization of wave propagation in rods with periodic shunted piezoelectric patches SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: DAMPING AND ISOLATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab ID VIBRATION; NETWORKS; PLATES; BEAMS AB Shunted piezoelectric patches are periodically placed along rods to control the longitudinal wave propagation in these rods. The resulting periodic structure is capable of filtering the propagation of waves over specified frequency bands called stop bands. The location and width of the stop bands can be tuned, using the shunting capabilities of the piezoelectric materials, in response to external excitations and to compensate for any structural uncertainty. A mathematical model is developed to predict the response of a rod with periodic shunted piezoelectric patches and to identify its stop band characteristics. The model accounts for the aperiodicity, introduced by proper tuning of the shunted electrical impedance distribution along the rod. Disorder in the periodicity typically extends the stop-bands into adjacent propagation zones and more importantly, produces the localization of the vibration energy near the excitation source. The conditions for achieving localized vibration are established and the localization factors are evaluated for different levels of disorder on the shunting parameters. The numerical predictions demonstrate the effectiveness and potentials of the proposed treatment that requires no control energy and combines the damping characteristics of shunted piezoelectric films, the attenuation potentials of periodic structures, and the localization capabilities of aperiodic structures. The theoretical investigations presented in this work provide the guidelines for designing tunable periodic structures with high control flexibility where propagating waves can be attenuated and localized. C1 USN Acad, Engn & Weapons Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Thorp, O (reprint author), USN Acad, Engn & Weapons Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4017-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4331 BP 218 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.432706 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BS89R UT WOS:000171335100021 ER PT S AU Ratna, BR Thomsen, DL Keller, P AF Ratna, BR Thomsen, DL Keller, P BE BarCohen, Y TI Liquid crystal elastomers as artificial muscles: Role of side-chain-backbone coupling SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab ID NEMATIC ELASTOMERS; ACTUATORS AB Ordered liquid crystal elastomer films exhibit anisotropic deformations on macroscopic length scales on changing the orientational order of the liquid crystal group by external stimuli such as temperature and electric field. We have developed laterally attached side-chain nematic elastomers with mechanical properties approaching stress, strain and time scale of skeletal muscle activation. The mechanical and structural characterization has led to the ability to improve desired physical properties such as backbone extension and coupling between the backbone and liquid crystal side chain. We have studied the effect of the coupling length on the change in the conformational entropy of the backbone and the viscoelastic behavior. In this paper we discuss the results of our stress relaxation tests. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio & Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio & Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6903,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ratna@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4015-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4329 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1117/12.432651 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Composites; Robotics; Optics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics; Optics; Polymer Science GA BT16G UT WOS:000172146700028 ER PT S AU Corsaro, RD AF Corsaro, RD BE McGowan, AMR TI Light weight low frequency woofer for active sound control in payload fairings SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE loudspeaker; woofer; aerospace AB A low-mass sound generator with particularly good performance at low audio frequencies (i.e. 30 to 300 Hz) has been developed. The actuation component is a "Thunder" actuator (Face Int. Corp.). This actuator is coupled to a resonant compliant diaphragm to increase output in the low frequency band. The modal response of various 28 cm diameter prototypes was monitored using laser doppler vibrometry and nearfield acoustic holography. The first mode appears near 40 Hz, with a maximum displacement of 3.4 microns per volt. Sound pressure levels measured in the farfield using 200 volts peak drive found nominal levels of 74 +/- 6 dB (at 25 cm) over the band from 38 to 330 Hz. Near 45 and 100 Hz the SPL reaches 80 dB. (Above 330 Hz the output is higher, but remains well behaved to at least 2 kHz.) Higher outputs can be obtained by using a higher drive voltage and multiple devices. Because of its low mass, this device is particularly interesting for aerospace applications. This work was developed in the NRL/ONR Smart Blanket program, which is exploring the use of active controlled surface covers for reducing sound levels in payload fairing regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Corsaro, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7135, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4018-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4332 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1117/12.429664 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT01Z UT WOS:000171643700027 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TD Carpenter, BF Hall, J AF Nguyen, TD Carpenter, BF Hall, J BE McGowan, AMR TI Flexible Tab Assisted Control concept - FlexTAC SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE shape memory alloys; torque reduction; trailing edge tab; tab assisted control; actuator AB In late 1997 under ONR and DARPA funding members of the SAMPSON Marine Team (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Lockheed Martin and General Dynamics Electric Boat) began investigating the benefits of the tab assisted control (TAC) concept for underwater control surfaces. Results of water tunnel tests conducted in 1998 indicated that the addition of a small trailing-edge tab, typically 10% of the mean chord of the entire control surface structure, vastly enhances the versatility of the control surface system. Depending on the orientation of the tab with respect to the primary control surface (flap) this tab may be used to significantly modify lift, reduce torque, and increase maneuvering capabilities. In 1999 a plan was established to actuate the tab with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators as a first step towards development of a continuously compliant or flexible control surface similar to that demonstrated in the DARPA Smart Vortex Leveraging Tab (SVLT) program. Testing of a SMA-actuated TAC device occurred late summer 2000. This paper presents a summary of these activities as well as current plans to test and evaluate the FlexTAC (Flexible Tab Assisted Control) concept, which replaces the tab with a continuously compliant trailing edge. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4018-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4332 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1117/12.429676 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT01Z UT WOS:000171643700038 ER PT S AU Perez, I Cui, HL Udd, E AF Perez, I Cui, HL Udd, E BE Udd, E Inaudi, D TI Acoustic emission detection using fiber Bragg gratings SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: SENSORY PHENOMENA AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE acoustic emission detection; fiber Bragg gratings sensors AB A systematic study of acoustic emission detection using fiber Bragg grating sensors is presented. In this, we attempt to use the fiber Bragg grating to sense the dynamic strain created by a passing ultrasonic wave signal. Our goal is to see if such a sensor is possible, and if so, what the detection sensitivity and limitations will be. To answer these questions, we carried out several experiments involving the detection of simulated acoustic emission events. In the first experiment, we attach a fiber Bragg grating to the surface of a piezoceramic resonator, which is driven by a signal generator. We were able to detect the resulting surface vibration of the resonator up to 2.1 MHz. In the second experiment, we attach a fiber Bragg grating to the surface of an aluminum plate. We excite an acoustic wave using an ultrasonic transducer located at various positions of the aluminum plate. In this way, we demonstrated that the fiber Bragg Grating sensor is capable of picking up the signal coming from a distance (up to 30 cm) for up to 2.5 MHz. In a third experiment, we use the same fiber Bragg grating on aluminum plate set up, but set up an acoustic signal by either a gentle knock on the plate by a pin, or by breaking a pencil lead on the plate. We were able to detect acoustic emission set up by pencil lead breaking up to a frequency of 30 kHz. Higher frequency components were not detected mainly due to the limitation of available electronic equipment at this time (higher frequency band-pass filters and amplifiers). In all the above-mentioned experiments we use a match Bragg grating to demodulate the detected optical signal and use a dual channel scheme for electronic data acquisition and processing (a signal channel and a reference channel). C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4014-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4328 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1117/12.435542 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33W UT WOS:000172674900024 ER PT S AU Kolar, R Whittinghill, C Agrawal, B AF Kolar, R Whittinghill, C Agrawal, B BE Davis, LP TI Numerical simulation of inflatable membrane structures SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab AB Inflatable structures are effective in space applications, as they are weight, volume and cost competitive. For certain space applications, higher gains are obtained for the antennas by increasing their size. Higher gains often result in increased data throughput. These and other advantages lead to inflatable structures being considered increasingly for building large space structures. However, large inflatable structures are prone to surface errors arising from environmental factors, among others. The degradation in the performance may be reduced by active and passive control of the shape of the antennas by using appropriate sensors. In this context, piezoelectric films are used for the active and passive control. In this paper, we discuss both experimental and numerical approaches exploring piezoelectric film. In order to explore the applications of piezoelectric films, a circular diaphragm is subjected to varying pressures and displacements are measured using laser instrumentation. The effects of applying voltage on the shape of the piezoelectric film subjected to pressurization are studied. The piezoelectric film is modeled as a large displacement/large rotation geometrically nonlinear membrane undergoing small strains. This paper presents experience gained in modeling the piezoelectric film subjected to both thermal and pressure loads. The numerical results are presented in the form of graphs. The response is studied for applied steady-state temperatures for various pressurization levels. Certain thermo-structural instabilities were encountered in the modeling and the paper presents procedures used in circumventing such instabilities for the piezoelectric type of thin inflatable membranes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kolar, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4013-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4327 BP 481 EP 496 DI 10.1117/12.436561 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BT26D UT WOS:000172441200047 ER PT B AU Tolles, WM AF Tolles, WM BE Roco, MC Bainbridge, WS TI National security aspects of nanotechnology SO SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY SEP 28-29, 2000 CL NATL SCI FDN, ARLINGTON, VA HO NATL SCI FDN AB Nanotechnology represents a wide spectrum of disciplinary and interdisciplinary research frontiers that will have a positive technological impact influencing our social and economic well being. National security, both economic and military, represents one vital aspect of governmental concerns that will be impacted by the anticipated discoveries and developments in this field. Competition for economic security represents an important aspect of nanotechnology while augmenting military security and defense capabilities. The development of nanotechnology offers much enhanced capabilities to the Department of Defense (DOD) in the performance of its mission. On the other hand, even though nanotechnology is at an embryonic stage in its development, "visionaries" have imagined powerful and, in some cases, frightening capabilities emerging from this technology. Many of these imagined capabilities are irrational, generated from hypotheses far removed from experiments and the laws of nature as we understand them today. Without any scientific bases, dire predictions of self-replicating species cause fear in the society that is already facing a threat from biological agents similar to that from other hypothetical self-replicating entities. Such fears are generated for a technology whose ultimate capabilities are not well understood at present. Many irrational fictional predictions represent a potential barrier to progress by raising imagined and very unlikely scenarios. A series of experiments and/or observations is proposed that should serve to alert the scientific community, and society in general, to take action when progress approaches the possibility that it poses a threat to society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Alexandria, VA 22309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-7178-X PY 2001 BP 218 EP 237 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Social Issues SC Engineering; Materials Science; Social Issues GA BV19G UT WOS:000178107000029 ER PT B AU Higgins, RF Herndon, CC AF Higgins, RF Herndon, CC BE DelRe, E TI JCIT, a production-ready field tested non-proprietary software definable radio SO SOFTWARE RADIO: TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications CY 2000 CL ITALY SP CNIT, Marconi, Omnitel, WIND AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a multi-channel, multi-mode, multi-band, modular communications terminal called the Joint Combat Information Terminal (JCIT). The JCIT is the heart of the communications system for the Army Airborne Command and Control System (A2C2S). The production-ready JCIT has been field tested by the US Marine Corps (USMC) in command and control variants of the Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) and Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV). The functionality, expandability, and modularity of JCIT provide state-of-the-art communications for military and civil agencies. Interoperability with SMCGARS, HAVE QUICK, HF, National Satellite Intelligence Broadcasts, military precision GPS, IEEE-802.11, Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS/GBS), Air Traffic Control, Police, Fire, and Civil Maritime has been demonstrated in the field and in the laboratory. The JCIT architecture was designed to meet current and future military command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) requirements. It provides a total communications system solution from the antenna to the user. The modules developed for the JCIT are not proprietary. The architecture is built from a common set of hardware and software modules. Software allows the hardware to interoperate with other legacy or future radio systems on operator command. Hardware and software insertion to meet future requirements is supported by the architecture. The architecture is readily adaptable to new platforms, utilizing unchanged hardware and software modules. Although the architecture is not considered "open" by the industry standards, full Government owned Interface Control Documents exist that allow any third party to build hardware or software components for the system. Eight-channel vehicular/airborne units and two-channel vehicular/manpack units have been built. These units share hardware modules and software applications without modification. C1 USN, Ctr Space Technol, Res Lab, Space Syst Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Higgins, RF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Space Technol, Res Lab, Space Syst Dev Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 1-85233-346-4 PY 2001 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BS24J UT WOS:000169154500016 ER PT S AU Laming, JM AF Laming, JM BE WimmerSchweingruber, RF TI The electron temperature and Ti-44 decay rate in Cassiopeia A SO SOLAR AND GALACTIC COMPOSITION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint SOHO/ACE Workshop on Solar and Galactic Composition CY MAR 06-09, 2001 CL BERN, SWITZERLAND SP European Space Agcy, Schweizer Natl Fonds Forder Wissensch, Oerlikon Contraves Space SA, Univ Bern, Physikal Inst ID A SUPERNOVA REMNANT; X-RAY-EMISSION; CAS-A; IONIZATION BALANCE; EJECTA; EXPANSION; EXPLOSION; EVOLUTION; PLASMAS; SHOCKS AB The effects of plasma elemental composition and ionization state on the effective decay rate of Ti-44 are investigated. We essentially follow the methods of the first authors to treat this topic, Mochizuki et at., but use more realistic plasma models, including radiative cooling, to compute the evolution of the charge state distribution behind the reverse shock. For uniform density ejecta (i.e. no clumps or bubbles) we find a negligible change to the decay rate of Ti-44. We discuss the effects of non-uniform ejecta. We also briefly consider the effects on these calculations of collisionless electron heating associated with weak secondary shocks propagating throughout the Cas A shell as a result of foward or reverse shock encounters with density inhomogeneities, recently suggested as an explanation for the hard X-ray tail seen in BeppoSAX and RXTE/OSSE spectra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0042-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 598 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BT59T UT WOS:000173445900060 ER PT J AU Engvold, O Jakobsson, H Tandberg-Hanssen, E Gurman, JB Moses, D AF Engvold, O Jakobsson, H Tandberg-Hanssen, E Gurman, JB Moses, D TI On the nature of prominence absorption and emission in highly ionized iron and in neutral hydrogen SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TELESCOPE; EUV AB We have studied the behavior of the emission in the highly ionized EUV lines Fe IX/X, 171 Angstrom, Fe XII, 195 Angstrom, and Fe XV, 284 Angstrom observed in quiescent prominences. Kucera, Andretta, and Poland (1998) have explained the absorption of other highly ionized metallic EUV lines as due to absorption in the hydrogen continuum. However, since the authors noticed deviations from the expected lambda (3) dependence of the absorption strengths, we have explored the possibility that emission in EUV iron lines can influence the observations. We propose the existence of a hot, i.e., million-degree plasma component of the prominence-corona transition region (PCTR), where the EUV iron lines originate. We find that (i) neither of the two scenarios alone reproduces observations; (ii) both emission and absorption increase prior to eruption; (iii) the measurements of Kucera, Andretta, and Poland's 14 May event are strongly affected by hot PCTR emission. C1 Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway. Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engvold, O (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, POB 1029, Oslo, Norway. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PY 2001 VL 202 IS 2 BP 293 EP 308 DI 10.1023/A:1012285218862 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486KG UT WOS:000171816500007 ER PT J AU Chen, G Gammon, D Sham, LJ Steel, DG AF Chen, G Gammon, D Sham, LJ Steel, DG TI Zeeman coherence in single quantum dots SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Spin Effects in Mesoscopic Systems CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2000 CL CORTONA, ITALY SP Scuola Normale Superiore, Ist Nazl Fis Mat DE nanostructures; electronic states; quantum coherence ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SHARP-LINE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FINE-STRUCTURE; EXCITONS; BEATS; WELL; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; BIEXCITONS; INVERSION AB Using coherent nonlinear laser spectroscopy, we show spectral features that indicate contributions from an optically induced nonradiative quantum coherence between the two excitonic states of the Zeeman doublet in a single gallium arsenide quantum dot. The decay rate of this coherence is comparable to the radiative coherence decay rate of the individual excitonic states. The experiments are explained using a theory based on a simple model taking into consideration the exciton-exciton Coulomb interaction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, HM Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 119 IS 4-5 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00114-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457QB UT WOS:000170147300004 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Ab-initio Hartree-Fock study of Mg+2 as a substitutional impurity in CaF2 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE insulators; crystal growth; optical properties ID 157 NM LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CAF2(111) SURFACES; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; IONIC-CRYSTALS; BAND-STRUCTURE; BULK MGO; ISSUES AB The energetics and electronic structure of Mg+2 as a substitutional impurity in CaF2 have been computed using ab-initio Hartree-Fock theory and the supercell approach. After correcting for electron correlation, a substitution energy (referenced to free Mg and Ca atoms) of +3.30 eV is found. At a Mg+2 site, the F- nearest-neighbor shell contracts by about 0.093 Angstrom, relative to the ideal CaF2 shell radius; however, the Mg+2-F- distance remains about 0.32 Angstrom greater than in pure MgF2. No new valence states occur outside the CaF2 valence band, but Mg+2 s-like states are found at the very bottom of the conduction band, lying just below the lowest empty Ca+2 states. The position of these states is sensitive to the extent of lattice relaxation around the impurity cation. It is also found that displacement of the Mg+2 from the ideal Ca+2 lattice site can occur easily. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 118 IS 11 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00194-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 441EL UT WOS:000169218000005 ER PT J AU Niu, GF Juraver, JB Borgarino, M Jin, ZR Cressler, JD Plana, R Llopis, O Mathew, S Zhang, SM Clark, S Joseph, AJ AF Niu, GF Juraver, JB Borgarino, M Jin, ZR Cressler, JD Plana, R Llopis, O Mathew, S Zhang, SM Clark, S Joseph, AJ TI Impact of gamma irradiation on the RF phase noise capability of UHV/CVD SiGeHBTs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB This work investigates the effects of gamma irradiation on the residual phase noise performance of Sice HBTs. The excellent phase noise capability of SiGe HBTs is retained after 1 Mrad(Si) irradiation. The observed radiation hardness is attributed to the minor changes in the low frequency noise and device nonlinearities after irradiations, as well as the nonlinearity cancellation mechanism. The radiation-induced defects do not significantly add to the low frequency noise in these SiGe HBTs, even though they produce a large space-charge-region recombination component in the base current. The inherent excellent linearity of these SiGe HBTs makes the up-conversion from device low frequency noise to phase noise inefficient. and helps to retain the low phase noise after irradiations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. CNRS, LAAS, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. IBM Microelect, Essex Junction, VT 05401 USA. RP Niu, GF (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 200 Broun Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Borgarino, Mattia/N-3540-2015 OI Borgarino, Mattia/0000-0001-9678-592X NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(00)00233-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 400VP UT WOS:000166892600016 ER PT J AU Shad, JA Lee, YR AF Shad, JA Lee, YR TI Pancreatitis due to Ascaris lumbricoides: Second occurrence after 2 years SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BILIARY ASCARIASIS AB Pancreatitis is a common disease in the United States, with the most likely etiologies being biliary tract disease and alcohol use. Infections with parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides comprise a small percentage of pancreatitis cases in the United States, but they are a common etiology in developing countries, In the United States, the incidence of pancreatic and biliary ascariasis has been increasing because of the migration of people from endemic countries, as well as increased travel by Americans to such countries. Patients treated for this roundworm can have reinvasion for the same reasons. We report the case of a patient with two episodes of pancreatitis due to A lumbricoides 2 years apart. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shad, JA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 94 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 400CJ UT WOS:000166850800017 PM 11213951 ER PT J AU Andrews, MD Howard, RA AF Andrews, MD Howard, RA TI A two-type classification of LASCO coronal mass ejection SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; TRANSIENTS AB The causes and origins of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) remain among the outstanding questions in Space Physics. The observations of CMEs by the LASCO coronagraphs on SOHO suggest that there are two distinct types of CMEs. The two types of events can be most easily distinguished by examining height-time plots. The Type A (Acceleration) events produce curved plots that often indicate a constant acceleration. These events are usually associated with pre-existing helmet-streamers, and are often associated with prominence eruptions or filament disappearance. The Type C (Constant speed) events show a constant speed. These events are usually brighter, larger, and faster than Type A events and may be associated with X-ray flares. While the two types of events can be distinguished in other ways, the height-time plots are a simple and unambiguous way to make this identification. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. EM andrews@louis14.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 163 DI 10.1023/A:1005284316619 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391PU UT WOS:000166365000014 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, J TI Physics of coronal mass ejections: A new paradigm of solar eruptions SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUDS; FLUX ROPE; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; LOOP TRANSIENTS; FIELD CHANGES; JANUARY 1997; 1 AU; FLARES; PROMINENCES AB The prevailing framework of understanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and, indeed, solar eruptions in general is the hypothesis that the quasi-static changes in the photospheric magnetic field increases the magnetic energy in the corona and causes sudden release of the stored energy. However, this hypothesis, which may be called the 'storage-release' paradigm, has yet to produce a quantitative model of CMEs and their heliospheric consequences. Recently, a new theory has been proposed to explain the physics of CMEs. This theory posits that the initial structure is a magnetic flux rope that is ultimately connected to the solar dynamo in the convection zone and that magnetic energy propagating from the source along the submerged magnetic structure enters the corona and drives the eruption. Specifically, the theory describes CMEs as the dynamical response of coronal flux ropes to the 'injected' poloidal flux and predicts that CMEs evolve into interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs). In a recent series of studies, the physics-based theory was shown to correctly describe the observed dynamics of a class of CMEs and the properties of MCs, providing the first unified description of the CME-MC dynamics. The apparent success of the theory suggests a new paradigm in which CMEs are viewed as a relaxation process in response to the increased magnetic energy propagating from the dynamo. The motion of a flux rope and its magnetic energy is everywhere given by <()over tilde>less than or similar to1, where <()over tilde> = v/V-M and V-M is the local characteristic speed. It is predicted that the injected poloidal flux can cause a subtle but distinct signature in the tangential field at the base of the corona. The tangential field, which is difficult to observe, and the poloidal magnetic energy have been neglected in previous theories. This paper reviews the current CME research, compares the physics of the two competing paradigms, and suggests new observable magnetic field signatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 114 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 190 DI 10.1023/A:1005266918803 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391PU UT WOS:000166365000015 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Andrews, MD Plunkett, SP AF Wu, ST Andrews, MD Plunkett, SP TI Numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EULERIAN FICE SCHEME; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; PROJECTED CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSIENTS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; FILAMENT ERUPTION; MERIDIONAL PLANE; SMM OBSERVATIONS AB The Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is arguably the most important discovery of solar eruptive phenomena in the 20th century. It is now also recognized that CMEs have great impact on the Earth's environment by inducing geomagnetic storms. Thus, development of simulation models to understand the physical mechanisms of CME initiation and propagation has become a challenge in the solar MHD community. In this paper we shall summarize chronologically the development of the theoretical analyses, and the successes and failures of the numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the past two decades. The chronological development of numerical simulation models and the evolution of the numerical methods to treat this class of problems are presented. The most appropriate way to model CMEs is to have (i) a realistic pre-event coronal atmosphere, and (ii) realistic driving mechanisms. Details of the progress and assessment of the theoretical and modeling efforts for the understanding of the physics of the CME initiation and propagation will be presented, and the numerical methods to construct these simulation models will be discussed. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Computat Phys Inc, USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, USN, Naval Res Lab 7667, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 100 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 213 DI 10.1023/A:1005284600631 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391PU UT WOS:000166365000016 ER PT S AU Weaver, BD Magno, R Jackson, EM Wilkins, R Shojah-Ardalan, S Seabaugh, AC Brar, B Manasreh, MO Berhane, Y AF Weaver, BD Magno, R Jackson, EM Wilkins, R Shojah-Ardalan, S Seabaugh, AC Brar, B Manasreh, MO Berhane, Y BE ElGenk, MS TI Disorder-effects in reduced dimensional and quantum electronics SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program ID RESONANT-TUNNELING DIODES; PROTON IRRADIATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; FILMS AB We present data and review results on displacement damage effects in reduced-dimensional and quantum-electronic systems such as resonant tunneling diodes, resonant interband tunneling diodes, low-temperature and high-temperature superconductors, high electron mobility transistors, and multiquantum well infrared detectors. Quantum mechanics and/or reduced dimension give these systems unique responses to radiation damage, including special sensitivities and immunities. Radiation damage mechanisms are discussed, and radiation-tolerance is compared to conventional, devicess. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 1210 EP 1216 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300179 ER PT S AU Klimchuk, JA AF Klimchuk, James A. BE Song, P Singer, HJ Siscoe, GL TI Theory of Coronal Mass Ejections SO SPACE WEATHER SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chapman Conference on Space Weather CY MAR 20-JUN 24, 2001 CL Clearwater, FL ID CROSS-FIELD CURRENTS; FREE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FLUX-ROPE; SOLAR-FLARES; ERUPTIVE FLARES; EVOLUTION; ENERGY; PROMINENCES; STREAMER; MODEL AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are extremely important phenomena, both for understanding the evolution of the global corona and for understanding and predicting space weather. Despite this importance, the physical explanation of CMEs remains largely confused. A variety of theoretical models have been proposed, and we here attempt to organize them according to a classification scheme that identifies and differentiates their essential physical attributes. We propose five distinct classes of models, which we present with the aid of simple analogues involving springs, ropes, and weights. We also indicate how some of the models appear to be inconsistent with certain observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7675JAK, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klim-chuk@bandit.nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 66 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-984-4 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2001 VL 125 BP 143 EP 157 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOP22 UT WOS:000277201400015 ER PT S AU Bernhardt, PA Huba, JD Selcher, CA Dymond, KF Carruthers, GR Bust, G Rocken, C Beach, TL AF Bernhardt, P. A. Huba, J. D. Selcher, C. A. Dymond, K. F. Carruthers, G. R. Bust, G. Rocken, C. Beach, T. L. BE Song, P Singer, HJ Siscoe, GL TI New Systems for Space Based Monitoring of Ionospheric Irregularities and Radio Wave Scintillations SO SPACE WEATHER SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chapman Conference on Space Weather CY MAR 20-JUN 24, 2001 CL Clearwater, FL ID COSMIC CONSTELLATION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; TOMOGRAPHY; INSTRUMENT; DENSITY AB The ionosphere has long been known to be the primary source of amplitude and phase fluctuations for VHF, UHF, and L-Band radio waves. Monitoring ionospheric irregularities that affect radio propagation is currently being implemented using in situ, radio and optical sensors on satellites in low-earth orbit (LEO). The remote sensing instruments provide observations of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions or total electron content (TEC) to reconstruct images of electron densities. The GPS MET satellite has provided a global description of the ionosphere using GPS occultation from space. The ARGOS satellite launched in February 1999 has produced new images of the ionosphere using both EUV limb scanning and computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) techniques. Recent measurements from the ARGOS satellite have provided data for improved modeling of both global scale and small-scale structures in the ionosphere. Future satellite sensors will be launched with EUV limb scanners, GPS occultation receivers, radio beacons for CIT, and beacon receivers for global mapping of ionospheric scintillations. These satellites will be placed in a variety of orbit inclinations to cover the equatorial, mid-latitude, and polar ionospheres. C1 [Bernhardt, P. A.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-984-4 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2001 VL 125 BP 431 EP 440 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOP22 UT WOS:000277201400049 ER PT S AU Strizzi, JD Kutrieb, JM Damphousse, PE Carrico, JP AF Strizzi, JD Kutrieb, JM Damphousse, PE Carrico, JP BE DAmario, LA Sackett, LL Scheeres, DJ Williams, BG TI Sun-mars libration points and mars mission simulations SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2001, VOL 108, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 11th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The equilibrium points of the Sun-Mars system bring some unique characteristics to the discussion of future inner solar system exploration missions, particularly an expedition to Mars itself. Existing research has identified potential utility and data for Sun-Mars libration point missions, particularly for satellites orbiting the L-1 and L-2 points serving as Earth-Mars communication relays. Regarding these Lissajous orbits, we address questions of "Why go there?" "How to get there?" and "How to stay there?" Namely, we address utility and usefulness, transfer and injection, and stationkeeping. The restricted 3-body problem involving a spacecraft in that system is reviewed; and past and present research and proposals involving the use of these orbits are summarized and discussed. Baseline historical stationkeeping concepts (ISEE-3, SOHO, ACE) are reviewed and applied to the Sun-Mars system. We use Satellite Tool Kit (STK)/Astrogator for simulation and analysis of Earth-Mars transfers, Lissajous orbit insertions, and station-keeping. The resulting data provides confirmation and insight for existing research and proposals, as well as new information on Mars transfer and Lissajous orbit insertion strategies to save DeltaV, mission orbit amplitude dependencies on insertion method, and stationkeeping sensitivities, These data should prove useful to mission planners and concept developers for future Mars investigations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Strizzi, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-487-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 108 BP 807 EP 822 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BU35L UT WOS:000175747700053 ER PT S AU Soyka, MT Davis, MA AF Soyka, MT Davis, MA BE DAmario, LA Sackett, LL Scheeres, DJ Williams, BG TI Estimation of periodic accelerations to improve orbit ephemeris accuracy SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2001, VOL 108, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 11th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID MODEL AB Limitations in the modeling of solar pressure, drag, thermal radiation and other dynamical forces, as a function of the satellite attitude, surface properties and space environment, will usually result in unmodeled accelerations which tend to be periodic. The use of periodic accelerations, with a period near once per re-volution of the satellite orbit, have been used within precision orbit determination programs to improve the accuracy of the derived ephemeris. A general review of the acceleration, their period, estimation interval and estimation frame has been described. These accelerations have been implemented and tested in the OCEAN orbit determination software. Improvement in ephemeris accuracy was demonstrated when appropriate accelerations are estimated. General guidelines for using these accelerations as tools are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soyka, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-487-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 108 BP 1123 EP 1140 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BU35L UT WOS:000175747700072 ER PT B AU Fischer, J Allen, R Dudley, CC Satyapal, S Luhman, ML Wolfire, MG Smith, HA AF Fischer, J Allen, R Dudley, CC Satyapal, S Luhman, ML Wolfire, MG Smith, HA BE Ferland, G Savin, DW TI Photoionization Modeling of infrared fine-structure lines in luminous galaxies with central dust-bounded nebulae SO SPECTROSCOPIC CHALLENGES OF PHOTOIONIZED PLASMAS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Photoionized Plasmas 2000 Conference CY NOV 15-18, 2001 CL UNIV KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY SP NASA Appl Informat Syst Res Program HO UNIV KENTUCKY ID SPECTRA; NUCLEI AB Far-infrared spectroscopy of a small sample of IR-bright galaxies taken with the Infrared Space Observatory Long Wavelength Spectrometer has revealed a dramatic progression extending from strong fine-structure line emission from photoionized and photo dissociated gas in the starburst galaxy Arp 299 to faint [C II] 158 mum line emission and absorption in lines of OH, H2O, CH, and [O I] in the ultraluminous galaxy Arp 220. The progression to weaker emission lines is accompanied by lower excitation and does not appear to be due to far-infrared extinction or density effects. Although aging of short duration starbursts with a relatively small range in age might explain much of the sequence, the spectra of Arp 220 and other ultraluminous galaxies may be more reasonably explained by high ionization parameter, dust-bounded nebulae. To test this hypothesis, we ran photoionization models of mid- and far-infrared lines for power law (index -1.5) and starburst cases with moderate (500 cm(-3)) and high (10(5) cm(-3)) densities. Indeed, we find that for dust-bounded nebulae and photoionization by a power law source, the relative emission line strengths and the high-to-low ionization infrared line ratios decrease with ionization parameter. For starburst ionization sources and dust-bounded nebulae, the [N III]57 mum/[N II]122 mum line ratio is found to drop with ionization parameter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-085-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 247 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU54X UT WOS:000176291800045 ER PT B AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E BE Baer, DR Clayton, CR Davis, GD Halada, GP TI Oxide networks, surface analysis, and the passivity of chromium binary alloys SO STATE-OF-THE ART APPLICATION OF SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS METHODS TO ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS INTERACTIONS: IN HONOR OF JAMES E. CASTLE'S 65TH YEAR, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Application of Surface and Interface Analysis Methods to Environmental Material Interaction held in Honor of James F Castle CY MAR 26-27, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, ASTM Com E-42 Surface Analysis ID CR-MO ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; GRAPH-THEORY; HCL SOLUTION; FILMS AB The passivity of a binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of -M-O-M- bridges in the oxide film, where M is the component of the binary alloy which produces passivity. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide, given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the -M-O-M- network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film, which is then related to the concentration of alloying element in the metal alloy by means of experimental surface analysis data. The results of this analysis for Cr-Mo Cr-Zr binary alloys are in good agreement with experimental observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-311-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Spectroscopy GA BX89S UT WOS:000186759900004 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Hodgens, DW Ott, K Goetsch, SJ AF Johnstone, PAS Hodgens, DW Ott, K Goetsch, SJ TI Risk management in a community gamma knife unit SO STEREOTACTIC AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE total quality management; risk management; radiosurgery; quality control; complications; gamma knife ID QUALITY ASSURANCE AB Objective: The records of the San Diego Gamma Knife Center were retrospectively reviewed for unprogrammed events as part of a risk management assessment. Materials and Methods: Review was made of the physicist notes of the first 1,000 patients successfully treated at the center. This encompassed 1,020 stereotactic frame placement procedures, accompanied by Gamma Knife radiosurgery in 98.0% of intended cases. A total of 7,145 Gamma Knife shots were delivered to 1,509 lesions. Results: Of the 43 unprogrammed events documented, 8 were patient related and 14 were related to lesion growth or location; these were considered unavoidable. Further, one event was related to dose administration, 5 to diagnosis, 15 to technique; these were considered potentially avoidable. This yielded an avoidable error rate of 2.1% per patient, 1.4% per lesion treated, and 0.29% per shot. It was clear that more avoidable errors occurred early in the center's operation, consistent with a learning curve. Review of individual physiclan's cases revealed none appeared more likely to have an avoidable event. Conclusions: Consistently high quality maybe achieved at a community-based Gamma Knife center if sufficient multidisciplinary involvement is achieved. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. San Diego Gamma Knife Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-6125 J9 STEREOT FUNCT NEUROS JI Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. PY 2001 VL 76 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1159/000056499 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 555TL UT WOS:000175809300005 PM 12007272 ER PT J AU Kosek, W McCarthy, DD Luzum, BJ AF Kosek, W McCarthy, DD Luzum, BJ TI El Nino impact on polar motion prediction errors SO STUDIA GEOPHYSICA ET GEODAETICA LA English DT Article DE earth rotation; forecast; sea surface temperature ID UNIVERSAL TIME; CHANDLER; OSCILLATIONS; VARIABILITY; LENGTH AB The polar motion prediction is computed as a least-squares extrapolation of the polar motion data, The least-squares model consists of a Chandler circle with constant or variable amplitude, annual and semiannual ellipses, and a bias. The model with constant amplitude of the Chandler oscillation is fit to the last three years of polar motion data and the model with variable amplitude of the Chandler oscillation is fit to the whole time series ranging from 1973.0 to 2001.1. The variable amplitude of the Chandler oscillation is modeled from the envelope of the Chandler oscillation filtered by the Fourier transform band pass filter from the long-term IERS EOPC01 polar motion series. The accuracy of the polar motion prediction depends mostly on the phase Variation of the annual oscillation, which is treated as a constant in the least-squares adjustment, There were two significant changes of the annual oscillation phase of the order of 30degrees before the two El Nino events in 1982/83 and 1997/98. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-01237 Warsaw, Poland. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Kosek, W (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-01237 Warsaw, Poland. RI Kosek, Wieslaw/E-1962-2017 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0039-3169 J9 STUD GEOPHYS GEOD JI Stud. Geophys. Geod. PY 2001 VL 45 IS 4 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1023/A:1022073503034 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 510JU UT WOS:000173205600002 ER PT S AU Linton, MG Fisher, GH Dahlburg, RB Fan, Y Longcope, DW AF Linton, MG Fisher, GH Dahlburg, RB Fan, Y Longcope, DW BE Culhane, JL Doyle, G Bentley, RD Wilkes, RJ TI Multi-mode kink instability as a mechanism for delta-spot formation SO SUN AND SIMILAR STARS/COSMIC RAY SPECTRA AND COMPOSITION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 4 and E1 5 Symposia of COSPAR-Scientific-Commission-E held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP COSPAR AB We investigate the current driven kink instability of twisted magnetic flux tubes in the solar convection zone. The possibility that kinking flux tubes are responsible for the formation of some delta -spot active regions provides the motivation for this work. We simulate the evolution of a twisted flux tube with a highly parallelized three dimensional MHD spectral code run on a 128 cubed grid. We find that highly twisted flux tubes, when perturbed with a single wavenumber mode, develop large kinks which lead to delta -spot tilt angles as large as 60 degrees. We find that when tubes axe perturbed with multiple wavenumber modes, the modes can interact to create a localized kink tilted by as much as 80 degrees with respect to the unkinked portion of the tube. We show that this kind of kinked flux tube can create a delta -spot configuration with opposite polarity spots emerging and remaining in close proximity to each other, with shear developing along the neutral line as the region develops, and with the opposite polarity regions rapidly rotating about each other. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, LCP, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, LCP, Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1781 EP 1784 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS67K UT WOS:000170800600011 ER PT B AU Weiler, KW Panagia, N Sramek, RA Van Dyk, SD Montes, MJ Lacey, CK AF Weiler, KW Panagia, N Sramek, RA Van Dyk, SD Montes, MJ Lacey, CK BE Livio, M Panagia, N Sahu, K TI Radio supernovae and GRB 980425 SO SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: THE GREATEST EXPLOSIONS SINCE THE BIG BANG SE SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space-Telescope-Science-Institute Symposium on the Greatest Explosions Since the Big Bang CY MAY 03-06, 1999 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; PRESUPERNOVA MASS-LOSS; 25 APRIL 1998; MAGELLANIC CLOUD; SN 1993J; EMISSION; PROGENITOR; MODEL; STAR; SUPERGIANT AB Study of radio supernovae (RSNe) over the past 20 years includes two dozen detected objects and more than 100 upper limits. From this work we are able to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the stellar system, and to show clumpiness of the circumstellar material. More speculatively, it may be possible to provide distance estimates to radio supernovae. The interesting and unusual radio supernova, SN 1998bw, which is thought to be related to the gamma -ray burst GRB 980425, is discussed in particular detail. Its radio properties are compared and contrasted with those of other known RSNe. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-521-79141-3 J9 SPACE TEL S PY 2001 VL 13 BP 198 EP 217 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT43Z UT WOS:000173024800016 ER PT B AU Khokhlov, AM AF Khokhlov, AM BE Livio, M Panagia, N Sahu, K TI Deflagration to detonation SO SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: THE GREATEST EXPLOSIONS SINCE THE BIG BANG SE SPACE TELESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space-Telescope-Science-Institute Symposium on the Greatest Explosions Since the Big Bang CY MAY 03-06, 1999 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Space Telescope Sci Inst ID IA SUPERNOVAE; WHITE-DWARFS; LIGHT CURVES; EXPLOSION; MODELS; STARS; BRIGHTNESS; BINARIES; FLAMES AB Thermonuclear explosions of Type la supernovae (SNIa) involve turbulent deflagrations, detonations, and possibly a deflagration-to-detonation transition. The physics of these processes is discussed. A phenomenological delayed detonation model of SNIa successfully explains many observational properties of SNIa including monochromatic light curves, spectra, brightness-decline and color-decline relations. Observed variations among SnIa are explained as a result of varying nickel mass synthesized in an explosion of a Chandrasekhar mass C/O white dwarf. Based on theoretical models of SNIa, the value of the Hubble constant H-o similar or equal to 67 km s(-1) Mpc(-1) was determined without the use of secondary distance indicators. The cause for the nickel mass variations is still debated. It may be a variation of the initial C/O ratio in a supernova. progenitor, rotation, or other effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khokhlov, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-521-79141-3 J9 SPACE TEL S PY 2001 VL 13 BP 239 EP 249 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT43Z UT WOS:000173024800018 ER PT S AU Perez-Prado, MT McNelley, TR Gonzalez-Doncel, G Ruano, OA AF Perez-Prado, MT McNelley, TR Gonzalez-Doncel, G Ruano, OA BE Chandra, N TI Texture, grain boundaries and deformation of superplastic aluminum alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY IN ADVANCED MATERIALS, ICSAM-2000 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials (ICSAM-2000) CY AUG 01-04, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Florida State Univ, Adv Mech & Mat Lab, Dept Mech Engn, FAMU FSU Coll Engn, MSC Software, Oakridge Natl Lab DE aluminum alloys; deformation banding; grain boundaries; texture ID EVOLUTION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROTEXTURE; ZN AB Two distinct microstructural transformation processes have been observed to enable superplastic response in aluminum alloys, depending of composition and thermomechanical processing (TMP). Texture: observations, including microtexture data acquired by newly developed electron backcsatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis methods, and mechanical property results are summarized in this work. These data reveal a clear dependence of superplastic response on the mechanism of microstructural transformation that leads to a superplastically enabled condition. Transformation by continuous recrystallization involves recovery-dominated changes that occur gradually and homogeneously throughout the deformation microstructure in the absence of high angle boundary formation and migration. Important features of microstructural evolution include deformation banding leading to grain boundaries that are interfaces between symmetric variants of the main texture component, and the presence of a fine, cellular structure within the bands. Both grain boundary sliding and dislocation creep operate in the superplastic regime and alloys such as Al-5%Ca-5%Zn and Supral 2004 respond in this manner. Alternatively transformation via primary recrystallization processes involves the heterogeneous formation and growth of grains by the migration of high-angle grain boundaries from the deformation zones surrounding coarse precipitate particles. This leads to essentially random grain orientations and a predominance of high-angle boundaries in the microstructure. The mechanical behavior of these materials is governed by grain boundary sliding in the superplastic range and alloys such as 5083 and 7475 behave in this way. The implications of these results for aluminum alloy development and the design of deformation processing procedures for grain refinement and superplasticity will be discussed. Finally, we present a table describing the superplastic behavior of a number of aluminum alloys according to the two patterns mentioned above. C1 CSIC, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Perez-Prado, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Perez-Prado, Maria Teresa/M-2050-2014; Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Perez-Prado, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-0758-2851; Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-874-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 357-3 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BS10P UT WOS:000168667100039 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF DeSandre, LF Bifano, T Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Nee, SMF DeSandre, LF Bifano, T Johnson, LF Moran, MB BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Optical characterization of MEMS deformable mirror array structures SO SURFACE SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION FOR ADVANCED METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Scattering and Diffraction for Advanced Metrology CY AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE diffraction; scattering; MEMS; mirror array; adaptive optics; surface profiles ID POLARIZATION; SCATTERING AB Surface properties and optical properties of several deformable mirror arrays (DMA) without actuators were characterized. The mirror arrays are micro-electronic-mechanical system (MEMS) devices which were fabricated by Boston University for wavefront correction in adaptive optics. The surface properties measured for the samples agree with the properties specified for the BU-MEMS-DMA structures. Scattering and diffraction by the mirror arrays were measured at a wavelength of 632.8 rim. The DMA with the etching pattern generates a diffraction pattern full of special structures. The broadening is serious for a rough sample while it is negligible for a smooth continuous membrane DMA. The diffraction pattern demonstrates that the DMA with an rms roughness of 300 nm is not suitable for the adaptive optics to correct for; wavefront error. The continuous membrane DMA with roughness less than 10 nm are useful for adaptive optics. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Bifano, Thomas/E-6412-2013 OI Bifano, Thomas/0000-0003-4952-2515 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4161-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4447 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.446720 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BT41R UT WOS:000172924500008 ER PT B AU Nuss, WA Miller, DK AF Nuss, WA Miller, DK GP AMS AMS TI Predictability of mesoscale quantitative precipitation SO SYMPOSIUM ON PRECIPITATION EXTREMES: PREDICTION, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Precipitation Extremes - Prediction, Impacts and Responses CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Nu,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV03A UT WOS:000177651600012 ER PT B AU Turk, J Liou, CS Qiu, S Scofield, R Ba, MB Gruber, A AF Turk, J Liou, CS Qiu, S Scofield, R Ba, MB Gruber, A GP AMS AMS TI Capabilities and characteristics of rainfall estimates from geostationary- and geostationary plus microwave-based satellite techniques SO SYMPOSIUM ON PRECIPITATION EXTREMES: PREDICTION, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Precipitation Extremes - Prediction, Impacts and Responses CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Turk, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV03A UT WOS:000177651600050 ER PT B AU Harr, PA Elsberry, RL AF Harr, PA Elsberry, RL GP AMS AMS TI An overview of the development of heavy precipitation associated with the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones SO SYMPOSIUM ON PRECIPITATION EXTREMES: PREDICTION, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Precipitation Extremes - Prediction, Impacts and Responses CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; STORM AGNES; TRANSFORMATION C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 288 EP 292 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV03A UT WOS:000177651600076 ER PT B AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, RL GP AMS AMS TI Hurricane-related precipitation cannot be predicted on useful time intervals - Only quantitative precipitation estimation makes sense SO SYMPOSIUM ON PRECIPITATION EXTREMES: PREDICTION, IMPACTS, AND RESPONSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Precipitation Extremes - Prediction, Impacts and Responses CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MREs,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 381 EP 385 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV03A UT WOS:000177651600103 ER PT S AU Kelf, MA AF Kelf, MA BE Murrer, RL TI Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for undersea vehicle applications SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VI CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE torpedoes; unmanned undersea vehicles; undersea warfare; hardware-in-the-loop; simulation/stimulation; test and evaluation AB Torpedoes and other Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (UUV) are employed by submarines and surface combatants, as well as aircraft, for undersea warfare. These vehicles are autonomous devices whose guidance systems rival the complexity of the most sophisticated air combat missiles. The tactical environment for undersea warfare is a difficult one in terms of target detection, classification, and pursuit because of the physics of underwater sound. Both Hardware-In-the-Loop (HWIL) and all-digital simulations have become vital tools in developing and evaluating undersea weapon and vehicle guidance performance in the undersea environment. Accurate modeling of the underwater acoustic environment, including the ocean medium and targets, presents the major challenge to the development of HWIL simulations. This paper discusses general torpedo operational theory and describes that undersea warfare environment relative to the development of viable simulations. The Undersea Weapon Evaluation Facility (UWEF), one of two HWIL simulators within the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, has been developed for land-based captive testing of torpedoes and other UUV operating under their own power in a water-filled test chamber while dynamic and acoustic simulations provide closed-loop stimulation to the Unit Under Test (UUT). Development challenges and operational attributes of UWEF are discussed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Integrated Mine & Undersea Warfare Syst Grp, Keyport, WA 98345 USA. RP Kelf, MA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Integrated Mine & Undersea Warfare Syst Grp, Keyport, WA 98345 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4061-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4366 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.438059 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT64Z UT WOS:000173641700001 ER PT S AU Shaw, LB Cole, B Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Kung, FH Bayya, S Mossadegh, R Thielen, PA Kircher, JR Murrer, RL AF Shaw, LB Cole, B Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Kung, FH Bayya, S Mossadegh, R Thielen, PA Kircher, JR Murrer, RL BE Murrer, RL TI Development of IR emitting infrared fibers at the Naval Research Laboratory SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VI CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared fiber source; rare-earth doped chalcogenide fiber; HWIL AB Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been developing high brightness IR emitting fibers for HWIL testing. These fibers, based upon rare-earth doped chalcogenide glass, emit from 3.5-5 mum and are capable of simulating very high temperatures in this band. To date, temperatures of 2400 K have been simulated. The fiber sources operate at room temperature, are environmentally tolerant, and can be formed into fiber bundles with high fill factors and low pixel to pixel cross- talk for IR scene generation. In this paper, we will present the spectral output, temporal response, temperature simulation and output uniformity of the mid-wave IR (MWIR) emitting fibers. The potential for long-wave IR (LWIR) emitting fiber sources will also be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4061-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4366 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.438060 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT64Z UT WOS:000173641700011 ER PT S AU Agrawal, BN Rasmussen, RE AF Agrawal, BN Rasmussen, RE BE Murrer, RL TI Air bearing based satellite attitude dynamics simulator for control software research and development SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VI CY APR 16-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Air bearing; Flight dynamics; simulator; Attitude control; Hardware-in-the-loop; testing; Real-time; 3 degree-of-freedom; spacecraft motion; modeling AB A Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator (SADS) has been developed to facilitate the research and development of spacecraft flight attitude control software at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. The simulator provides a real-time 3 degree of freedom (3DOF) synthetic spacecraft hardware-in-the-loop environment, that includes realistic angular motions, sensor-effector delays, and control torque profiles. Control software, entered into a notebook PC mounted on the equipment platform, is input as high level object oriented code, allowing rapid code development and thorough post-test analysis. Three flight-like reaction wheels and eight cold-gas thrusters that are mounted to the SADS equipment platform provide motion simulation torque. The equipment platform is suspended in air by a spherical segment air bearing. This virtually frictionless suspension allows free rotation of the equipment platform about any rotation axis. Three separate sets of sensors, three single-axis rate gyros, a three-axis magnetometer, and a two-axis sun sensor monitor SADS platform motion. This paper discusses the SADS design, and the practical uses of this simulator for satellite attitude control system software research and development. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4061-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4366 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1117/12.438072 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT64Z UT WOS:000173641700023 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Pershyn-Kisor, MA Honner, WK Smith, TC Reed, RJ Gray, GC AF Ryan, MAK Pershyn-Kisor, MA Honner, WK Smith, TC Reed, RJ Gray, GC TI The Department of Defense Birth Defects Registry: Overview of a new surveillance system SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; VIETNAM VETERANS; RISK; INFANTS; SERVICE; WOMEN; BORN AB Background: The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is challenged with monitoring and protecting the health and wellbeing of its service members. The growing number of women on active duty and the diverse hazardous exposures associated with military service make reproductive health issues a special concern of DoD. To address this concern, the DoD Birth Defects Registry was established at the DoD Center for Deployment Health Research located at the Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California. Methods: The registry captures comprehensive data on healthcare utilization to calculate the prevalence of birth defects in the children of military beneficiaries. Population-based electronic surveillance is supplemented by active case validation efforts. Results: Since its establishment in 1998, the registry has captured data on more than 90,000 births that occur in military families each year, Detailed analyses, to include linking registry data with military occupational exposure data (e.g., anthrax vaccination), are underway. Conclusions: The DoD Birth Defects Registry provides important reproductive health information on the geographically dispersed military population. This program is expected to complement civilian public health programs and be especially valuable to military members and their families. Teratology 64:S26-S29, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Birth Defects Registry,Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Birth Defects Registry,Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PY 2001 VL 64 SU 1 BP S26 EP S29 DI 10.1002/tera.1081 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 490GJ UT WOS:000172041800006 PM 11745841 ER PT J AU Tucker, D AF Tucker, David TI What is New about the New Terrorism and How Dangerous is It? SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article AB The 'new terrorism' is said to be more networked, ad hoc, lethal and dangerous than the old. This assessment of these claims concludes that terrorism currently differs little from its previous manifestations, except for the somewhat increased likelihood that a chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological weapon might be used by terrorists. This does not necessarily mean that terrorism is more dangerous than it was. The critical factor in assessing the threat posed by terrorism is whether it is used strategically. RP Tucker, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Special Operat Acad Grp, Monterey, CA USA. NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1080/09546550109609688 PG 14 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA V22TN UT WOS:000208297600001 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ BE Nolas, GS Johnson, DC Mandrus, DG TI Theoretical considerations for finding new thermoelectric materials SO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS 2001-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermoelectric Materials 2001 - Research and Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SKUTTERUDITE ANTIMONIDES; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES AB This paper reviews the connections between the transport properties underlying the thermoelectric performance of a material and microscopic quantities, particularly as they may be obtained from first principles calculations. These are illustrated using examples from work on skutterudites. The results are used to suggest yet to be explored avenues for achieving higher thermoelectric performance within this class of materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-627-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 691 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU84C UT WOS:000177163500002 ER PT S AU Michael, JB Ong, VL Rowe, NC AF Michael, JB Ong, VL Rowe, NC BE Li, QY Riehle, R Pour, G Meyer, B TI Natural-language processing support for developing policy-governed software systems SO TOOLS 39: TECHNOLOGY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS: SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE AGE OF THE INTERNET SE TOOLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS 39) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA ID REGULATORY TEXTS; KNOWLEDGE AB Organizations are policy-driven entities. Policy, bases can be very large and the relationships between policies can be complex. In addition, policy can change on a frequent basis. Checking for gaps in policy or analyzing the ramifications of changing policy is necessary, to both identify and rectify gaps or unintended policy prior to the policy base being refined into requirements for a system. A policy, workbench is an integrated set of computer-based tools for developing, reasoning about, and maintaining policy. A workbench takes as input a computationally equivalent form of policy statements. We have developed a prototype of a tool that maps natural-language policy statements to an equivalent computational form. In this paper we describe the architecture of a natural-language input-processing tool (NLIPT). It has an extractor, which generates a meaning list representative of the natural-language input; an index-term generator, which identifies the key terms used to index relevant policy schema in the policy base; a structural modeler, which structures a schema for input; and a logic Modeler, which maps the schema to an equivalent logical form. We experimented with a prototype of the extractor which successfully parsed a sample of ninety-nine Naval Postgraduate School security policy statements with ninety-six percent accuracy. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2067 BN 0-7695-1251-8 J9 TOOLS PY 2001 VL 39 BP 263 EP 274 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS92N UT WOS:000171392200025 ER PT S AU Wu, CT AF Wu, CT BE Li, QY Riehle, R Pour, G Meyer, B TI Building Web applications using Java 2 enterprise edition SO TOOLS 39: TECHNOLOGY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS: SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE AGE OF THE INTERNET SE TOOLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS 39) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wu, CT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2067 BN 0-7695-1251-8 J9 TOOLS PY 2001 VL 39 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS92N UT WOS:000171392200039 ER PT B AU Meryman, HT AF Meryman, HT BE Sibinga, CTS Cash, JD TI Freezing and vitrification of red cells, recollections and predictions SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE: QUO VADIS? WHAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED, WHAT IS TO BE EXPECTED SE DEVELOPMENTS IN HEMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Blood Transfusion CY 2000 CL GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Sanquin Div Blood Bank Noord Nederland ID BLOOD-CELLS; GLYCEROL C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Cryopreservat & Transfus Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Meryman, HT (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Cryopreservat & Transfus Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0079-0 J9 DEV HEMATOL PY 2001 VL 36 BP 69 EP 85 PG 17 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA BU94J UT WOS:000177438800008 ER PT J AU Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA TI Periodicities in the properties associated with the friction of model self-assembled monolayers SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE friction; molecular dynamics; alkane monolayers; self-assembled; monolayers; energy dissipation; atomic force microscopy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ORDERED ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CH3-TERMINATED FILMS; WEARLESS FRICTION; SURFACE; DIAMOND; GOLD; SIMULATIONS AB The classical molecular dynamics simulations presented here examine the periodicities associated with the sliding of a diamond counterface across a monolayer of hydrocarbon chains that are covalently bound to a diamond substrate. Periodicities observed in a number of system quantities are a result of the tight packing of the monolayer and the commensurate structure of the diamond counterface. The packing and commensurability of the system force synchronized motion of the chains during sliding contact. This implies that the size of the simulations for this special case can be reduced so that the simulations can be conducted with sliding speeds and time durations that may bridge the gap between theory and experiment. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1023/A:1009066026845 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 434ZT UT WOS:000168846300005 ER PT S AU Park, JS Kang, MH Froscher, JN AF Park, JS Kang, MH Froscher, JN BE Dupuy, M Paradinas, P TI A secure workflow system for dynamic collaboration SO TRUSTED INFORMATION: THE NEW DECADE CHALLENGE SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Information Security (Sec 01) CY JUN 11-13, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Federat Informat Processing DE dynamic collaboration; information security; Role-Based Access Control (RBAC); workflow AB The emergence of the Internet has broken down geographic and organizational boundaries, providing a virtual common workplace regardless of the heterogeneity of participating organizations. Enterprise projects that used to be done autonomously now span multiple organizations. While an inter-organizational workflow, as one of several technologies supporting inter-organizational collaboration, provides an easy-to-use collaborative work environment for users, it also increases the complexity of security maintenance and brings about security problems that were not considered before. Unconventional collaborations among businesses and organizations are formed to advance common goals. In this paper, we address the security services to support inter-organizational collaborative enterprises, which may span multiple organizations, and describe how we develop a secure workflow system to satisfy the requirements by integrating with existing, well-known technologies. Although we apply our ideas to particular technologies, such as workflows and RBAC, in this paper, we believe it is always possible to apply our approaches to other systems, which support many users from different organizations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP Park, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7389-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2001 VL 65 BP 167 EP 181 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BS52H UT WOS:000170202800012 ER PT S AU Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Melinger, JS AF Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Melinger, JS BE Elsaesser, T Mukamel, S Murnane, MM Scherer, NF TI Dynamics and coherent control of condensed phase vibrational coherences SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XII SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 09-13, 2000 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Opt Soc Amer ID EXCITATION; PULSES AB The dynamics and control of condensed phase vibrational coherences are studied using electronically resonant transient birefringence and dichroism. The chirp direction and mode of detection yield qualitatively different responses in the birefringence and dichroism signals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kleiman, VD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6820, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-41211-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2001 VL 66 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BR76M UT WOS:000167460300008 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Gursky, H Rife, JC Yentis, DJ Cruddace, RG Barbee, TW Goldstein, WH Kordas, JF Heidemann, KF Fritz, GG Hunter, WR Barstow, MA Fraser, GW Bannister, NP Lapington, JS Tandy, JA Sanderson, B AF Kowalski, MP Gursky, H Rife, JC Yentis, DJ Cruddace, RG Barbee, TW Goldstein, WH Kordas, JF Heidemann, KF Fritz, GG Hunter, WR Barstow, MA Fraser, GW Bannister, NP Lapington, JS Tandy, JA Sanderson, B BE Siegmund, OHW Fineschi, S Gummin, MA TI Efficiency calibration of the four multilayer-coated holographic ion-etched flight gratings for a sounding rocket high-resolution spectrometer SO UV/EUV AND VISIBLE SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY AND SOLAR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/EUV and Visible Space Instrumentation for Astronomy and Solar Physics CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE spectrometers; diffraction gratings; multilayer coatings; surface measurements; extreme ultraviolet ID WAVELENGTH REGION; CRYSTAL MONOCHROMATOR; PERFORMANCE; RANGE AB We have fabricated the four flight gratings for a sounding rocket high-resolution spectrometer using a holographic ion-etching technique. The gratings are spherical (4000-mm radius of curvature), large (160 nun x 90 mm), and have a laminar groove profile of high density (3600 grooves/mm). They have been coated with a high-reflectance multilayer of Mo5C/Si/Mo2Si. Using an atomic force microscope, we examined the surface characteristics before and after multilayer coating. The average roughness is approximately 2-3 A rms after coating, somewhat smoothened by the multilayer. Using synchrotron radiation, we completed an efficiency calibration map of each grating over the wavelength range 225-245 A. At an angle of incidence of 5degrees and a wavelength of 234 A, the average efficiency peaks in the first inside order at 10.3 +/- 0.6% for Grating 1, 7.3 +/- 0.9% for Grating 6, 7.2 +/- 1.2% for Grating 3, and 9.0 +/- 1.5% for Grating 4. These values exceed all previously published results for a high density grating. The first order groove efficiency for Grating 1 is 34.4 +/- 1.9%, in good agreement with the best value obtained from similar test gratings and close to the theoretical limit of 40.5%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7620, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lapington, Jon/A-7669-2012 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4212-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4498 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.450065 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BT90U UT WOS:000174396500030 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Cui, HL Woolard, D Buot, F AF Zhao, P Cui, HL Woolard, D Buot, F TI Operation principle of resonant tunneling THz oscillator at fixed bias voltages SO VLSI DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE-7) CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL UNIV GLASGOW, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP NASA Ames, Off Naval Res, Scotland Enterprise, Dept Electr & Elect Engn, IEEE, Electron Device Soc HO UNIV GLASGOW DE resonant tunneling; THz current oscillation; simulation; Wigner function ID SIMULATION AB Based on time-dependent numerical simulation of an double barrier quantum well structure, a time-dependent energy coupling model is presented to account for the operational principle of a new kind of resonant tunneling THz oscillators. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1065-514X J9 VLSI DES JI VLSI Des. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1155/2001/12624 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA 511YU UT WOS:000173295000064 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC BE Szu, HH Donoho, DL Lohmann, AW Campbell, WJ Buss, JR TI Radar signatures of rotor blades SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE radar signature; rotor blades; time-frequency signature AB Rotation of rotor blades in a helicopter modulates the phase function of radar backscattering, induces frequency modulation on returned signals, and generates side-bands about the center frequency of the helicopter's body Doppler frequency. The modulation induced by rotations can be regarded as a signature of the interaction between the rotor blades and the body of the helicopter, and provides additional information for target recognition complementary to existing recognition methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4086-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4391 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.421231 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS47F UT WOS:000169942000007 ER PT S AU Szu, H Ren, H AF Szu, H Ren, H BE Szu, HH Donoho, DL Lohmann, AW Campbell, WJ Buss, JR TI Unified Lagrangian Neural Network method for subpixel classification in hyperspectral imagery SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID SUBSPACE PROJECTION APPROACH AB Because of the foot print of a pixel is relative large, one pixel usually contains more than one material. The spectrum of each pixel vector can be considered as spectral mixture of all materials present in that pixel. How to unmix the spectra while dealing with constraint at the same time is a challenging problem in spectral mixture analysis. One approach is supervised constrained least squares approach, which has full knowledge about the spectrum signatures of endmembers resident in the image scene, The other is unsupervised unmixing method using Lagrangian Artificial Neural Network (LANN) with no knowledge about the image scene. The concept of unit-sum constraint is identical in both cases, the difference is whether one uses the known spectral characteristics for the supervised training or not. In practice, we need both methodologies for efficiency reasons, since there is "curse of dimensionality" (too large degree of freedom in hyperspectral). The supervised one can reduce the search and ID size and the unsupervised one can discover the unknown interferences and thus in constrained least squares algorithms help ID. The constrained least squares method was been discussed in digital signal processing and applied to hyperspectral imagery while LANN to multispectral imagery. In this paper, we expend LANN to hyperspectral image classification and also discuss the relationship between the constrained least squares method and LANN. These two methods alleviate this problem by adopting the Lagrange multiplier in neural network to relax the sum-to-one constraint. To evaluate this designed algorithm a series of experiments using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) images are conducted to show its potential usefulness in hyperspectral image classification. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 313,800 N Quincy, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4086-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4391 BP 314 EP 329 DI 10.1117/12.421228 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS47F UT WOS:000169942000033 ER PT S AU Jump, A Sherlock, B AF Jump, A Sherlock, B BE Szu, HH Donoho, DL Lohmann, AW Campbell, WJ Buss, JR TI Simplified equations to generate wavelets of arbitrary order of regularity SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Wavelet Applications CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Orthonormal wavelets; regularity; perfect reconstruction; computational complexity ID ORTHONORMAL WAVELETS; PARAMETRIZATION AB This research deals with finite length, perfect reconstruction two-channel orthonormal wavelet filters. We have previously derived equations that allow the user to set the regularity of these filters to any value between one and the maximum possible. These equations were extremely involved and intricate. We derive identities that greatly simplify the equations and reduced computational complexity. We indicate how the equations may be used to find the optimum filter for a particular application over a pool of filters of regularity set by the user. We advance conjectures as to the theoretical significance of the structure of these equations and discuss numerical solutions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Jump, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4086-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4391 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1117/12.421220 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS47F UT WOS:000169942000041 ER PT J AU Friedman, KS Sikora, TD Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Hufford, G AF Friedman, KS Sikora, TD Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Hufford, G TI Using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar to improve marine surface analyses SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CYCLONE ACTIVITY; POLAR LOW; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; ANTARCTICA; IMAGERY; ALASKA; SEA AB The ever-changing weather and lack of in situ data in the Bering Sea warrants experimentation with new meteorological observing systems for this region. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is well suited for observing the sea surface footprints of marine meteorological phenomena because its radiation is sensitive to centimeter-scale sea surface roughness, regardless of the time of day or cloud conditions. The near-surface wind field generates this sea surface roughness. Therefore, the sea surface footprints of meteorological phenomena are often revealed by SAR imagery when the main modulator of sea surface roughness is the wind. These attributes, in addition to the relatively high resolution of SAR products, make this instrument an excellent candidate for filling the meteorological observing needs over the Bering Sea. This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of SAR for observing Bering Sea meteorology by focusing on its ability to image the sea surface footprints of polar mesoscale cyclones (PMCs). These storms can form unexpectedly and are threatening to maritime interests. In this demonstration, a veteran meteorologist at the Anchorage National Weather Service Forecast Office is asked to produce a surface reanalysis for three separate archived cases when SAR imaged a PMC but the original analysis, produced without the aid of SAR data, did not display it. The results show that in these three cases the inclusion of SAR data in the analysis procedure leads to large differences between the original surface analysis and the reanalysis. Of particular interest is that, in each case, the PMC is added into the reanalysis. It is argued that the reanalyses more accurately portray the near-surface meteorology for each case. C1 Caelum Res Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Friedman, KS (reprint author), NOAA, WWBG, E RA3, Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0270:USSART>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 425GY UT WOS:000168283900006 ER PT J AU Carr, LE Elsberry, RL Peak, JE AF Carr, LE Elsberry, RL Peak, JE TI Beta test of the systematic approach expert system prototype as a tropical cyclone track forecasting aid SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM AB The authors have developed error mechanism conceptual models with characteristic track departures and anomalous wind or sea level pressure patterns for dynamical tropical cyclone track predictions primarily occurring in tropical regions or those associated with midlatitude circulation patterns. These conceptual models were based on a retrospective study in which it was known that the 72-h track error exceeded 300 n mi (555 km). A knowledge-based expert system module named the Systematic Approach Forecast Aid (SAFA) has been developed to assist the forecaster in the information management, visualization, and proactive investigation of the frequently occurring error mechanisms. A beta test of the SAFA module was carried out for all available track forecasts for the western North Pacific cyclones 19W-30W during 1999. The objective was to determine if the SAFA module could guide the team to apply the conceptual models in a real-time scenario to detect dynamical model tracks likely to have 72-h errors greater than 300 n mi. The metric was a selective consensus from the remaining model tracks that had smaller errors than the nonselective consensus track of all dynamical model tracks. This beta test demonstrated that the prototype SAFA module with the large-error mechanism conceptual models could be effectively applied in real-time conditions. The beta-test team recognized 14 cases in which elimination of one or more dynamical model forecasts before calculating the consensus track resulted in a 10% improvement over the nonselective consensus track. A number of lessons learned from the beta test are described, including that rejecting a specific model track is not normally successful if the tracks are tightly clustered, that the availability of the model-predicted fields is critical to the error detection, and that at least three of the five model tracks need to be available. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Carr, LE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Cr,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 3 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0355:BTOTSA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 440DE UT WOS:000169160000006 ER PT J AU Wetzel, MA Thompson, WT Valli, G Chai, SK Haack, T Szumowski, MJ Kelly, R AF Wetzel, MA Thompson, WT Valli, G Chai, SK Haack, T Szumowski, MJ Kelly, R TI Evaluation of COAMPS forecasts of coastal stratus using satellite microphysical retrievals and aircraft measurements SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; LIQUID WATER; MODEL; FOG; VALIDATION; MESOSCALE; DRIZZLE; BREAKUP; ASTEX AB A field project was carried out offshore of central Oregon during August 1999 to evaluate mesoscale model simulations of coastal stratiform cloud layers. Procedures for mapping cloud physical parameters such as cloud optical depth, droplet effective radius, and liquid water path retrieved from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager multichannel data were developed and implemented. Aircraft measurements by the University of Wyoming provided in situ verification for the satellite retrieval parameters and for the forecast model simulations of the U.S. Navy's nonhydrostatic mesoscale prediction system, the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Case studies show that the satellite retrieval methods are valid within the range of uncertainty associated with aircraft measurements of the microphysical parameters and demonstrate how the gridded cloud parameters retrieved from satellite data can be utilized for mesoscale model verification. Satellite-derived products with applications to forecasting, such as temporal trends and composites of droplet size and liquid water path, are also discussed. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wetzel, MA (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 5 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0588:EOCFOC>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478ME UT WOS:000171349300005 ER PT S AU Hayes, CG AF Hayes, CG BE White, DJ Morse, DL TI West Nile virus: Uganda, 1937, to New York city, 1999 SO WEST NILE VIRUS: DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND CONTROL SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on West Nile Virus CY APR 05-07, 2001 CL WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK SP NY Acad Sci, NY State Dept Hlth, NY City Dept Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mushett Family Fdn Inc DE West Nile virus; review; epidemic; vectors; hosts; disease; epidemiology ID SINDBIS VIRUSES; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; ROMANIA; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC; FEVER; BIRDS AB West Nile virus, first isolated in 1937, is among the earliest arthropod-borne viruses discovered by humans. Its broad geographical distribution, not uncommon infection of humans, transmission by mosquitoes, and association with wild birds as enzootic hosts were well documented by the mid-1960s. However, West Nile virus was not considered to be a significant human pathogen because most infections appeared to result in asymptomatic or only mild febrile disease. Several epidemics had been documented prior to 1996, some involving hundreds to thousands of cases in mostly rural populations, but only a few cases of severe neurological disease had been reported. The occurrence between 1996 and 1999 of three major epidemics, in southern Romania, the Volga delta in southern Russia, and the northeastern United States, involving hundreds of cases of severe neurological disease and fatal infections was totally unexpected. These were the first epidemics reported in large urban populations. A significant factor that appeared in common to all three outbreaks was the apparent involvement of the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, as a vector. This species had not previously been implicated as important in the transmission of West Nile virus. In addition the epidemic in the northeastern United States was unusual in the association of West Nile virus infection with fatal disease of birds, suggesting a change in the virulence of the virus toward this host. Understanding the risk factors that contributed to these three urban epidemics is important for minimizing the potential for future occurrences. This review will attempt to compare observations on the biology of West Nile virus made over about 60 years prior to the recent epidemics to observations made in association with these urban epidemics. C1 USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hayes, CG (reprint author), USN, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 65 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 17 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-374-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 951 BP 25 EP 37 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Virology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Virology GA BT69H UT WOS:000173778000003 PM 11797781 ER PT S AU McClure, DR Cayse, R Black, D Goodrich, S Lagerlof, P Harris, DC McCullum, D Platus, DH Patty, CE Polvani, R AF McClure, DR Cayse, R Black, D Goodrich, S Lagerlof, P Harris, DC McCullum, D Platus, DH Patty, CE Polvani, R BE Tustison, RW TI Sapphire statistical characterization and risk reduction program SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; mechanical strength; nondestructive evaluation ID GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS AB The Sapphire Statistical Characterization and Risk Reduction Program tested 1400 4-point flexure bars with different crystal orientations at different temperatures to establish a mechanical strength database for engineering design. Sapphire coupons were selected to represent surfaces on two different missile windows and a missile dome. Sapphire was obtained from the same suppliers used for the windows or dome and, as much as possible, coupons were fabricated in the same manner as the corresponding part of the window or dome. For one missile window, sapphire from one fabricator was 50% stronger than sapphire made to the same specifications from the same blanks by another fabricator. In laser thermal shock tests, sapphire performed better than predicted from flexure tests. Of several nondestructive methods evaluated for their ability to identify mechanically weak specimens, only x-ray topography was correlated with strength for a limited set of specimens. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Technol Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.439184 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200003 ER PT S AU Bayya, SS Wojcik, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Askinazi, J AF Bayya, SS Wojcik, JA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Askinazi, J BE Tustison, RW TI VIS-IR transmitting BGG glass and glass-ceramics SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE germanate; glass; IR windows; glass-ceramic; crystallization; strength; fracture toughness; reconnaissance ID BARIUM GALLOGERMANATE GLASSES; BAO-GA2O3-GEO2 GLASSES AB BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 (BGG) glasses have the desired properties for window applications in the 0.5-5 gm wavelength region. These glasses are low cost alternatives to the currently used window materials and are being scaled-up to large sizes for various Department of Defense (DoD) applications. Fabrication of a high optical quality 6.5" x 8.5" x 0.5" rectangular BGG glass window has already been demonstrated. A transmitted wave front error of about lambda/15 at 632 rim has been achieved in polished BGG glasses. Recently a 20" round glass window blank has been cast. Although the mechanical properties of BGG glass are acceptable for various window applications, it is demonstrated here that they can be further improved significantly either by the glass-ceramization process or by forming a composite. Neither process adds any significant cost to the final window material. The glass composite transmits in the 0.5-5 gm region while the crystallite size in the glass-ceramic currently limits its transmission to the 2-5 gm region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.439194 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200007 ER PT S AU Johnson, LF Moran, MB AF Johnson, LF Moran, MB BE Tustison, RW TI Infrared transparent conductive oxides SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A novel class of complex metal oxides that have potential as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding on IR-seeker windows and missile domes has been identified. These complex metal oxides exhibit the rhombohedral (R3m) crystalline structure of naturally occurring delafossite, CuFeO2. The general chemical formula is ABO(2) where A is a monovalent metal (Me+1) such as Cu, Ag, Au, Pt or Pd, and B is a trivalent metal (Me 3) such as Al, Ti, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, Cs, Rh, Ga, Sri, In, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm or Eu. By adjusting the oxygen content, the conductivity can be varied over a wide range so that the delafossites behave as insulators, semiconductors or metals. This paper presents results for films of p-type CuxAlyOz, and n-type Cu,CuxCryOz. deposited by reactive magnetron co-sputtering from high-purity-metal targets. Films have been deposited using conventional RF- and DC-power supplies, and a new asymmetric-bipolar-pulsed-DC-power supply. Similar to the high-temperature-copper-oxide superconductors, the presence of Cu-O bonds is critical for the unique properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) are used to understand the relationship between the optoelectronic properties and the molecular structure of the films. For example, FTIR absorption bands at 1470 and 1395cm(-1) are present only in CuxAlyOz films that exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity. When these bands are absent, the CuxAlyOz films have high values of resistivity. In addition to the 1470 and 1395cm-1 bands observed in CuxAlyOz films, another pair of bands at 1040 and 970cm(-1) is present in CuxCryOz films. C1 USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Johnson, LF (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1117/12.439187 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200031 ER PT S AU Moran, MB Johnson, LF AF Moran, MB Johnson, LF BE Tustison, RW TI Aluminum nitride coatings by reactive pulsed dc magnetron sputtering SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials VII CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Aluminum nitride (AlN) has the potential to meet the requirements of hypersonic-seeker windows that operate in the visible to mid-wave infrared and rf frequencies. With dielectric properties and thermal-shock resistance similar to those of hot-isostatic-pressed silicon nitride, but with a thermal conductivity eight times higher, AIN is a primary candidate for high-power-microwave windows and for high-speed radomes. The true potential of AIN has yet to be demonstrated because single crystals of AIN with purities high enough to be considered intrinsic have never been fabricated, Carbon and oxygen are the two most significant impurities and are the most difficult to eliminate. Impurities and voids present in AIN fabricated from nanocrystalline powders degrade the thermal-mechanical properties and produce optical scatter that limits the useful wavelength range. A large amount of scatter could be removed by eliminating the carbon and oxygen impurities and by reducing the crystallite size in polycrystalline AIN to sub-micron and nanometer sizes. Oxygen incorporation has yet to be avoided using conventional powder processing techniques because the newly formed AIN powders react spontaneously with trace amounts of oxygen. Over the past 50 years, the solid-state-chemistry approach has been used by several research groups and has produced useful material for electronic heat-sink applications but never the high-optical-quality material needed for 2-mm-thick missile domes and windows. This suggests that research aimed at producing high-quality-microcrystalline-AlN coatings and freestanding films would be productive. This paper will present results for films of AIN deposited using reactive asymmetric-bipolar-pulsed-dc-magnetron sputtering. C1 USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Moran, MB (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM MoranMB@navair.navy.mil; JohnsonLF@navair.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4070-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4375 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.439188 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BT73Q UT WOS:000173899200032 ER PT J AU Graybill, L AF Graybill, L TI The contribution of the truth and reconciliation commission toward the promotion of women's rights in South Africa SO WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM LA English DT Article AB South Africa has been in the forefront of countries that articulate gender rights as vital human rights. Therefore, it came as no surprise to many observers that when the Truth and Reconciliation Commission began hearings in 1996 to investigate human rights abuses during the apartheid era, women's stories were being neglected, and the country was getting a distorted view of the past. In response to pressure from women's organizations, the TRC held three all-women hearings in which women were encouraged to tell their own stories of human rights violations. This article highlights women's oppression during the period of review (1960-1964), the TRC's handling of gender issues, and an assignment of the TRC's contribution toward the promotion of gender rights. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Ctr Study Profess Mil Eth, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Graybill, L (reprint author), USN Acad, Ctr Study Profess Mil Eth, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5395 J9 WOMEN STUD INT FORUM JI Women Stud. Int. Forum PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0277-5395(00)00160-6 PG 10 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 432MJ UT WOS:000168695400001 PM 17615659 ER PT B AU Salvino, LW AF Salvino, LW BE Callaos, N Long, S Loutfi, M TI Evaluation of structural response and damping using empirical mode analysis and HHT SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XVII, PROCEEDINGS: CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS (PT II) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI2001)/7th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2001) CY JUL 22-25, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, IEEE Latin Amer, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Tunisian Sci Soc DE structural response; damping; underwater shock; empirical mode decomposition; Hilbert-Huang spectrum; time-frequency dependent loss factor AB The newly developed Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT) technique is used to analyze structural response behavior of a complex space frame structure subjected to underwater shock loading. The baseline frame structure is composed of many steel structural tube members welded together. A lightweight granular material was used as a damping filler of the baseline structure. The analysis results of EMD and HHT are compared to those of conventional methods such as wavelet analysis and shock response spectrum. The empirical mode analysis method is also being further developed to obtain the damping loss factor (or critical damping ratio) directly from measured structural response time series data. In this approach, the damping loss factor is expressed as a joint function of time and instantaneous frequency and called the Hilbert Damping Spectrum. Using this technique, damping loss factors of the baseline and damped structure are extracted and calculated from underwater shock measurements of acceleration time series data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-7557-9 PY 2001 BP 84 EP 89 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BU41L UT WOS:000175939300015 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM AF Sanchez, SM BE Peters, BA Smith, JS Medeiros, DJ Rohrer, MW TI Abc's of output analysis SO WSC'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 01) CY 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Comp Simulat Int ID SIMULATION AB We present a brief overview of several of the basic output analysis techniques for evaluating stochastic dynamic simulations. This tutorial is intended for those with little previous exposure to the topic, for those in need of a refresher course, and especially for those who have never heard of output analysis. We discuss the reasons why simulation output analysis differs from that taught in basic statistics courses and point out how to avoid common pitfalls that may lead to erroneous results and faulty conclusions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7307-3 PY 2001 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1109/WSC.2001.977243 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BV20W UT WOS:000178162700004 ER PT B AU Hamber, B AF Hamber, B BE Peters, BA Smith, JS Medeiros, DJ Rohrer, MW TI T.LoaDS abbreviated systems architecture SO WSC'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 01) CY 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The Tactical Logistics Distribution System (T.LoaDS or TLoaDS) is a powerful and flexible simulation application for assessing current or future tactical or sea-based distribution systems. In its current state of development, it is an analytical model for assessing the pros and cons of new doctrine, distribution techniques, organizational structures, and equipment concepts. It can also be used to find out how to best use available resources to sustain a military force in a wide variety of scenarios. The "System" in TLoaDS refers to its modular architecture and that it is more that just a simulation. It is a suite of analytical study tools. This paper introduces TLoaDS features by an examination of its current software module architecture. It also covers a few of the modules under development to expand TLoaDS scope, depth and range of use, and further improve its case of use. C1 USN, FAcilit Engn Serv Ctr, Expedit Syst Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. RP Hamber, B (reprint author), USN, FAcilit Engn Serv Ctr, Expedit Syst Div, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7307-3 PY 2001 BP 749 EP 757 DI 10.1109/WSC.2001.977363 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BV20W UT WOS:000178162700097 ER PT B AU Gue, KR Kang, K AF Gue, KR Kang, K BE Peters, BA Smith, JS Medeiros, DJ Rohrer, MW TI Staging queues in material handling and transportation systems SO WSC'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 01) CY 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB In most physical queueing applications, customers join a queue and move forward after each service, leaving room for others to join behind them. Some queues found in material handling and transportation systems do not operate like this because the queued entities (pallets or unoccupied cars, for example) are incapable of moving forward autonomously. We develop a model for the resulting staging queue, and give simulation results for several configurations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gue, KR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7307-3 PY 2001 BP 1104 EP 1108 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BV20W UT WOS:000178162700148 ER PT S AU Ray, PS Wood, KS Fritz, G Hertz, P Kowalski, M Johnson, WN Lovellette, MN Wolff, MT Yentis, D Bandyopadhyay, RM Bloom, ED Giebels, B Godfrey, G Reilly, K Parkinson, PS Shabad, G Michelson, P Roberts, M Leahy, DA Cominsky, L Scargle, J Beall, J Chakrabarty, D Kim, Y AF Ray, PS Wood, KS Fritz, G Hertz, P Kowalski, M Johnson, WN Lovellette, MN Wolff, MT Yentis, D Bandyopadhyay, RM Bloom, ED Giebels, B Godfrey, G Reilly, K Parkinson, PS Shabad, G Michelson, P Roberts, M Leahy, DA Cominsky, L Scargle, J Beall, J Chakrabarty, D Kim, Y BE White, NE Malaguti, G Palumbo, GGC TI The USA X-ray timing experiment SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY: STELLAR ENDPOINTS, AGN, AND THE DIFFUSE X-RAY BACKGROUND SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Astronomy CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP ITESRE CNR, NASA GSFC, ASI AB The USA Experiment is a new X-ray timing experiment with large collecting area and microsecond time resolution capable of conducting a broad program of studies of galactic X-ray binaries. USA is one of nine experiments aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite which was launched February 23, 1999. USA is a collimated proportional counter X-ray telescope with about 1000 cm(2) of effective area per detector with two detectors sensitive to photons in the energy range 1-15 keV. A unique feature of USA is that photon events are time tagged by reference to an onboard GPS receiver allowing precise absolute time and location determination. We will present an overview of the USA instrument, capabilities, and scientific observing plan as well as the current status of the instrument. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0043-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 599 BP 336 EP 345 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU03M UT WOS:000174772600033 ER PT B AU Makarov, VV Urban, S AF Makarov, VV Urban, S BE Jayawardhana, R Greeme, TP TI Kinematic patterns of young nearby associations SO YOUNG STARS NEAR EARTH: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Young Stars Near Earth CY MAR 28-30, 2001 CL NASA AMES RES CTR, MT VIEW, CA SP NASA Off Space Sci HO NASA AMES RES CTR ID STARS; SEARCH AB A modified global convergence mapping method is applied to some 7000 RASSBSC/Tycho-2 stars, detected in X-rays by ROSAT with count rates above 0.05 counts s(-1) (Voges et al. 1999) and having accurate proper motions in the Tycho-2 catalogue, in order to discover loose associations of these predominantly young stars with highly coherent motion. The method reveals more than 20 convergent features, some corresponding to already known clusters and associations, such as the Hyades, the Lower Centaurus Crux, and the association around TW Hya. Other convergent features do not correspond to any known co-moving associations. The possibility of strong internal expansion inside young stellar associations is discussed. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massaschusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-082-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 244 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34B UT WOS:000175724200011 ER PT S AU Weiler, KW Panagia, N Montes, MJ Van Dyk, SD Sramek, RA Lacey, CK AF Weiler, KW Panagia, N Montes, MJ Van Dyk, SD Sramek, RA Lacey, CK BE Holt, SS Hwang, U TI Radio emission from SNe and young SNRs SO YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Astrophysics Conference CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL COLLEGE PK, MD ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; MASS-LOSS; SUPERNOVAE; PROGENITOR; 1979C AB Study of radio supernovae (RSNe), the earliest stages of supernova remnant (SNR) formation, over the past 20 years includes two dozen detected objects and more than 100 upper limits. From this work we are able to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the stellar system, and to show clumpiness of the circumstellar material. More speculatively, it may be possible to provide distance estimates to RSNe. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0001-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 565 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS29B UT WOS:000169367800033 ER PT J AU Froimowitz, M Wu, KM Moussa, A Haidar, RM Jurayj, J George, C Gardner, EL AF Froimowitz, M Wu, KM Moussa, A Haidar, RM Jurayj, J George, C Gardner, EL TI Slow-onset, long-duration 3-(3 ',4 '-dichlorophenyl)-1-indanamine monoamine reuptake blockers as potential medications to treat cocaine abuse SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY; DIFFERENTIAL BINDING; RECOGNITION SITES; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ANALOGS; METHYLPHENIDATE; TRANSPORTER AB A series of 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1-indanamine monoamine reuptake blockers have been synthesized in an effort to develop a compound that could be used as a maintenance therapy to treat cocaine abuse. Since the effects of cocaine on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) transporters are important components of its pharmacological activity; the focus was;on nonselective inhibitors of monoamine transport. To reduce or eliminate the abuse potential of a DA reuptake blocker, the compounds were designed to,be slow-onset, long-duration prodrugs whose N-demethylated metabolites would have increased-activity over the parent compound with the ideal being a parent compound that has little or no activity.;To achieve this, pairs of compounds with different groups on the amine nitrogen and with and without an additional N-methyl group were synthesized. All of the synthesized compounds were screened for binding and reuptake at the cloned human DA, 5HT, and norepinephrine (NE) transporters. As previously found, trans isomers are nonselective blockers of DA, 5HT, and NE reuptake, cis isomers with small N-alkyl groups are selective blockers of 5HT reuptake, and tertiary amines of the trans compounds are less potent than the corresponding N-demethylated secondary amines as blockers of,DA reuptake. Larger N-alkyl groups in both the trans and cis series were found to reduce activity for the 5HT and NE transporters-with less effect at DA transporters. Selected trans compounds were also screened for locomotor activity in mice and generalization to a cocaine-like profile in rats. With intraperitoneal administration, all of the trans isomers showed a slow onset of at least 20 min and an extremely long duration of action in the locomotor assays. Several of the trans compounds also fully generalized to a cocaine-like pharmacological profile. An initial lead compound, the N,N-dimethyl analogue trans-1b was resolved into chirally pure enantiomers. Surprisingly, both enantiomers were found to have significant affinity for the DA transporter and to cause locomotor activation This is in contrast to the N-methyl compound in which only the (+)-enantiomer had significant activity. The absolute configuration of the more active enantiomer was determined by X-ray crystallography to be 3R,1S. C1 Pharm Eco Labs, Devens, MA 01432 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDA, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Froimowitz, M (reprint author), Pharm Eco Labs, 25 Patton Rd, Devens, MA 01432 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [N01DA-4-8313, DA 09045, N01DA-3-8303] NR 58 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 26 BP 4981 EP 4992 DI 10.1021/jm000201d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 386DW UT WOS:000166045700008 PM 11150168 ER PT J AU Chen, MW Dutta, I AF Chen, MW Dutta, I TI Atomic force microscopy study of plastic deformation and interfacial sliding in Al thin film: Si substrate systems due to thermal cycling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYERED MATERIALS; CREEP AB A method is proposed to measure the plastic deformation of thin metallic films on Si substrates induced by thermal cycling. The cross-sectional profiles of pattern-grown square Al films with a thickness of similar to 250 nm and a size of similar to6 mu mx6 mum were measured before and after thermal cycling by employing an atomic force microscope. With the assistance of statistical analysis, the change in the size and shape of the thin films were determined. Based on theoretical considerations, the thermal cycling deformation of thin films is attributed to creep and plasticity effects, accommodated by diffusion-controlled interfacial sliding. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04250-9]. C1 USN, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 26 BP 4298 EP 4300 DI 10.1063/1.1332098 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JY UT WOS:000166120500018 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE AF Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE TI Effect of the co-deposition of Sb and Si on surface morphology SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE scanning tunneling microscopy; surfactant assisted growth; Si homoepitaxy; Si (100); Sb doping; molecular beam epitaxy ID EPITAXY AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to observe changes in the surface morphology of a Si (100) surface during the co-deposition of Sb and Si at 500 degreesC. The initial deposition of only 0.01 monolayers of Sb is shown to modify the Si growth mechanism. The roughness of the surface is found to increase during the deposition of Si under a constant Sb flux where the Sb surface coverage is also increasing due to surface segregation. By holding the Sb surface coverage constant and varying the Si deposition, we find that the presence of Sb on the surface inhibits Si attachment at step edges producing three-dimensional stacked island formations. We show that heating the sample for 60 s at 800 degreesC to desorb the surface Sb can return a planar morphology to the Si surface. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2000 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01482-6 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 392CU UT WOS:000166393700030 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Twigg, ME Rommel, SL Jin, N Berger, PR Lake, R Seabaugh, AC Chi, P AF Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Twigg, ME Rommel, SL Jin, N Berger, PR Lake, R Seabaugh, AC Chi, P TI Epitaxial Si-based tunnel diodes SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE tunnel diodes; epitaxy; delta doping; silicon; silicon-germanium ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE SEGREGATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; SI(100); GROWTH; SILICON; SB AB Tunneling devices in combination with transistors offer a way to extend the performance of existing technologies by increasing circuit speed and decreasing static power dissipation. We have investigated Si-based tunnel diodes grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The basic structure is a p(+) layer formed by B delta doping, an undoped spacer layer, and an n(+) layer formed by Sb delta doping. In the n-on-p configuration, low temperature epitaxy (300-370 degreesC) was used to minimize the effect of dopant segregation and diffusion. In the p-on-n configuration, a combination of growth temperatures from 320 to 550 degreesC was used to exploit the Sb segregation to obtain a low Sb concentration in the B-doped layer. Post-growth rapid thermal anneals for 1 min in the temperature interval between 600 and 825 degreesC were required to optimize the device characteristics. J(p), the peak current density, and the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR), were measured at room temperature. An n-on-p diode having a spacer layer composed of 4 nm Si0.6Ge0.4 bounded on either side by 1 nm Si, had a J(p)= 2.3 kA/cm(2) and PVCR = 2.05. A p-on-n tunnel diode with an 8 nm Si spacer (5 nm grown at 320 degreesC, 3 nm grown at 550 degreesC) had a J(p)= 2.6 kA/cm(2) and PVCR = 1.7. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Raytheon Syst Co, Appl Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012; Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129; Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2000 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01490-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 392CU UT WOS:000166393700039 ER PT J AU Fox, DW Lewin, WHG Fabian, A Iwasawa, K Terlevich, R Zimmermann, HU Aschenbach, B Weiler, K Van Dyk, S Chevalier, R Rutledge, R Inoue, H Uno, S AF Fox, DW Lewin, WHG Fabian, A Iwasawa, K Terlevich, R Zimmermann, HU Aschenbach, B Weiler, K Van Dyk, S Chevalier, R Rutledge, R Inoue, H Uno, S TI The X-ray spectrum and light curve of Supernova 1995N SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; supernovae : individual : SN1995N; X-rays : stars ID EMISSION; SN-1978K; NGC-1313; GALAXY; RADIO; ROSAT; WIND AB We report on multi-epoch X-ray observations of the Type IIn (narrow emission line) Supernova (SN) 1995N with the ROSAT and ASCA satellites. The 1998 January ASCA X-ray spectrum is well fitted by a thermal bremsstrahlung (kT similar to 10 keV, N-H similar to 6 x 10(20) cm(-2)) or power-law (alpha similar to 1.7, N-H similar to 10(21) cm(-2)) model. The X-ray light curve shows evidence for significant flux evolution between 1996 August and 1998 January: the count rate from the source decreased by 30 per cent between our 1996 August and 1997 August ROSAT observations, and the X-ray luminosity most likely increased by a factor of similar to2 between our 1997 August ROSAT and 1998 January ASCA observations, although evolution of the spectral shape over this interval is not ruled out. The high X-ray luminosity, L-X similar to 10(41) erg s(-1), places SN 1995N in a small group of Type IIn supernovae with strong circumstellar interaction, and the evolving X-ray luminosity suggests that the circumstellar medium is distributed inhomogeneously. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Royal Greenwich Observ, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, England. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, IPAC 10022, Pasadena, CA 91115 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. RP Fox, DW (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Space Res, 77 Mass Ave 37-627, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2000 VL 319 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1158 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03941.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392EX UT WOS:000166398900017 ER PT J AU Imanishi, M Dudley, CC AF Imanishi, M Dudley, CC TI Energy diagnoses of nine infrared luminous galaxies based on 3-4 micron spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (IC 694, Arp 220, NGC 6240, Markarian 273, Markarian 231, IRAS 05189-2524, IRAS 08572+3915, IRAS 23060+0505, IRAS 20460+1925, NGC 253; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION; COMPACT RADIO-EMISSION; MU-M FEATURE; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ARP 299; ACTIVE GALAXIES; PEAKER GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; IRAS GALAXIES AB The energy sources of nine infrared luminous galaxies (IRLGs) are diagnosed based on their ground-based 3-4 mum spectra. Both the equivalent width of the 3.3 mum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission feature and the 3.3 mum PAH to far-infrared luminosity ratio (L-3.3/L-FIR) are analyzed. Assuming that nuclear compact starburst in these sources produces the 3.3 mum PAH emission as strongly as that in starburst galaxies with lower far-infrared luminosities, the following results are found. For six IRLGs, both the observed equivalent widths and the L-3.3/L-FIR ratios are too small to explain the bulk of their far-infrared luminosities by compact starburst activity, indicating that active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity is a dominant energy source. For the other three IRLGs, while the 3.3 mum PAH equivalent widths are within the range of starburst galaxies, the L-3.3/L-FIR ratios after correction for screen dust extinction are a factor of similar to3 smaller. The uncertainty in the dust extinction correction factor and in the scatter of the intrinsic L-3.3/L-FIR ratios for starburst galaxies does not allow a determination of the ultimate energy sources for these three IRLGs. C1 Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 68 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 545 IS 2 BP 701 EP 711 DI 10.1086/317863 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 385UW UT WOS:000166023400013 ER PT J AU Drake, JJ Peres, G Orlando, S Laming, JM Maggio, A AF Drake, JJ Peres, G Orlando, S Laming, JM Maggio, A TI On stellar coronae and solar active regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : coronae; stars : individual (epsilon Eridani, xi Bootis); Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; X-rays : stars ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; DWARF EPSILON-ERIDANI; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; K-TYPE STARS; LINE EMISSION; COOL STARS; BOOTIS-A; F-TYPE; ABUNDANCES AB Based on Yohkoh Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) observations of the Sun near peak activity level obtained on 1992 January 6, we search for coronal structures that have emission measure distributions EM(T) that match the observed stellar coronal emission measure distributions derived for the intermediate-activity stars epsilon Eri (K2 V) and xi Boo A (G8 V) from Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer spectroscopic observations. We find that the temperatures of the peaks of the observed stellar distributions EM(T), as well as their slopes in the temperature range are very similar to those 6.0 less than or similar to log T less than or similar to 6.5, obtained for the brightest of the solar active regions in the 1992 January 6 SXT images. The observed slopes correspond approximately to EM proportional to T-beta with beta similar to 4, which is much steeper than predicted by static, uniformly heated loop models. Plasma densities in the coronae of epsilon Eri and xi Boo A are also observed to be essentially the same as the plasma densities typical of solar active regions. These data provide the best observational support yet obtained for the hypothesis that solar-like stars up to the activity levels of epsilon Eri (K2 V) and xi Boo A are dominated by active regions similar to, though possibly considerably larger than, those observed on the Sun. The surface filling factor of bright active regions needed to explain the observed stellar emission measures is approximately unity. We speculate on the scenario in which small-scale "nanoflares" II dominate the heating of active regions up to activity levels similar to those of epsilon Eri (K2 V) and xi Boo A. At higher activity levels still, the interactions of the active regions themselves may lead to increasing flaring on larger scales that is responsible for heating plasma to the observed coronal temperatures of T greater than or similar to 10(7) K on very active stars. Observations of X-ray and EUV light curves using more sensitive instruments than are currently available, together with determinations of plasma densities over the full range of coronal temperatures (10(6)-10(7) K and higher), will be important to confirm flare heating hypotheses and to elicit further details concerning coronal structures at solar-like active region temperatures (T less than or similar to 5 x 10(6) K)and the temperatures that characterize the most active stars (T greater than or similar to 10(7) K). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche & Astron, Sez Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, ESTEC SO, Solar Syst Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Osservatorio Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-70,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Maggio, Antonio/P-5700-2015; OI Maggio, Antonio/0000-0001-5154-6108; Orlando, Salvatore/0000-0003-2836-540X NR 59 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 545 IS 2 BP 1074 EP 1083 DI 10.1086/317820 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 385UW UT WOS:000166023400048 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Wang, AH Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ AF Wu, ST Wang, AH Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ TI Evolution of global-scale coronal magnetic field due to magnetic reconnection: The formation of the observed blob motion in the coronal streamer belt SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID EULERIAN FICE SCHEME; MHD FLOWS; MODEL AB Recent SOHO/LASCO/EIT observations showed that the global corona at the minimum phase of cycle 22 is an organized, simple, and persistent dipolar configuration streamer belt (Michels). But the low-lying, closed-loop, multipolar magnetic structure of the inner corona at low- to mid-latitudes revealed in EIT and LASCO images is not static. It stretches continuously outward, feeding plasma into higher coronal structures and eventually into the solar wind, including plasma blobs (Sheeley et al.; Wang et al.). To understand the physics of this slow dynamic evolution process, we use a two-dimensional, planar, resistive MHD model and observed pre-event characteristics for the model input to simulate the formation and propagation of these observed plasma blobs. It seems that reconnection processes among the low-lying multipolar coronal loops and their overlying streamers cause the slow time evolution. The motion of plasma blobs frequently observed by LASCO C2/C3 is indeed reproduced by this model through reconnection in the multipolar loops. Results presented in this paper are the global field evolution, mass, momentum, and energy transport from the inner corona to the outer corona and up into the streamer belt region where slow solar wind forms. We conclude that these plasma blobs may be the origin of the lumps in the solar wind observed in interplanetary space. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 545 IS 2 BP 1101 EP 1115 DI 10.1086/317826 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 385UW UT WOS:000166023400051 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Marvel, KB AF Boboltz, DA Marvel, KB TI Rotation in the envelope of an evolved star: Observations of the SiO masers toward NML Cygni SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : individual (NML Cygni) ID WATER-VAPOR MASERS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE; MERLIN OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION; OUTFLOW; BIPOLAR AB We have discovered a new peak of emission in the v = 1, J = 1-0, SiO maser spectrum of the supergiant NML Cygni. This new peak of emission is blueshifted by similar to 18 km s(-1) from the previously detected SiO masers around V-LSR approximate to 0 km s(-1). A double-peaked SiO maser profile makes NML Cyg unique among evolved stars. We present the first images of the SiO masers toward NML Cyg observed using the Very Long Baseline Array. These images span the entire spectrum of NML Cyg, including the new blueshifted peak. We find that the masers form an elliptical ring of emission approximately 33 x 27 mas with the major axis oriented at a position angle of similar to 141 degrees. The orientation of the ring is consistent with the northwest-southeast elongation previously observed in both the OH and H2O maser shells. The elongation axis of the SiO maser shell also provides an axis of symmetry for the velocity structure of the masers. The observed velocity structure is interpreted as rotation of the SiO maser shell with a velocity V-m sin i approximate to 11 km s(-1) relative to a systemic velocity of -6.6 km s(-1). C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 545 IS 2 BP L149 EP L152 DI 10.1086/317895 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393EL UT WOS:000166456200018 ER PT J AU Eikenberry, SS Bandyopadhyay, RM AF Eikenberry, SS Bandyopadhyay, RM TI On the mass-donating star in GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; black hole physics; infrared : stars; stars : individual (GRS 1915+105); X-rays : stars ID SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE GRS-1915+105; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present an analysis of constraints on the companion mass for the Galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105. Using the known inclination angle and stability of the jet axis, we can rule out massive (M-s greater than or similar to 3 M-.) companions with orbital axes not aligned with the jet axis. For an aligned orbital axis, we constrain the ratio of the stellar radius to the binary semimajor axis to be R-s/a < 0.342, based on the lack of X-ray eclipses. We then show that these constraints together with the X-ray luminosity, approximate black hole mass, and observations of the X-ray absorbing column density toward GRS 1915+105 rule out accretion via stellar wind from a massive companion, implying that accretion occurs via Roche lobe overflow. In that case, the constraint on R-s/a rules out any companion with M-s > 19.4 M-. for a black hole mass of M-BH similar or equal to 30 M-.. The lack of significant X-ray reprocessing in the infrared from GRS 1915+105 also provides constraints on the mass and temperature range of a Roche lobe-filling mass donor. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eikenberry, SS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 512 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 545 IS 2 BP L131 EP L134 DI 10.1086/317892 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393EL UT WOS:000166456200014 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Kink, I Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, EH Schnopper, HW Bandler, SR Brickhouse, NS Murray, SS Barbera, M Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE AF Laming, JM Kink, I Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, EH Schnopper, HW Bandler, SR Brickhouse, NS Murray, SS Barbera, M Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE TI Emission-line intensity ratios in Fe XVII observed with a microcalorimeter on an electron beam ion trap SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; methods : laboratory; stars : individual (Capella); Sun : corona; techniques : spectroscopic; X-rays : general ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; SOLAR-FLARE; ACTIVE-REGION; POLARIZATION; PLASMAS; DENSITY AB We report new observations of emission line intensity ratios of Fe XVII under controlled experimental conditions, using the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap (EBIT) with a microcalorimeter detector. We compare our observations with collisional-radiative models using atomic data computed in distorted wave and R-matrix approximations, which follow the transfer of the polarization of level populations through radiative cascades. Our results for the intensity ratio of the 2p(6) S-1(0)-2p(5)3d P-1(1) 15.014 Angstrom line to the 2p(6) S-1(0)- 2p(5) 3d D-3(1) 15.265 Angstrom line are 2.94 +/- 0.18 and 2.50 +/- 0.13 at beam energies of 900 and 1250 eV, respectively. These results are not consistent with collisional-radiative models and support conclusions from earlier EBIT work at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that the degree of resonance scattering in the solar 15.014 Angstrom line has been overestimated in previous analyses. Further observations assess the intensity ratio of the three lines between the 2p(6)-2p(5)3s configurations to the three lines between the 2p(6)-2p(5)3d configurations. Both R-matrix and distorted wave approximations agree with each other and our experimental results much better than most solar and stellar observations, suggesting that other processes not present in our experiment must play a role in forming the Fe XVII spectrum in solar and astrophysical plasmas. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Debrecen, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osservatorio Astron GS Vaiana, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 31 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2000 VL 545 IS 2 BP L161 EP L164 DI 10.1086/317876 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393EL UT WOS:000166456200021 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Hawksworth, AW Knoke, JD AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Hawksworth, AW Knoke, JD TI Re: "Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: Does it identify a Gulf War syndrome?" - Four of the authors reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID US VETERANS; ILLNESS C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 12 BP 1205 EP 1206 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 382YD UT WOS:000165854200016 ER PT J AU Holt, DB Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS AF Holt, DB Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS TI Continuous flow displacement immunosensors: A computational study SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE computational modeling; biosensor; displacement immunoassay ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES; ORDER KINETIC-BEHAVIOR; IASYS BIOSENSOR DATA; BINDING CONSTANTS; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPLOSIVES; TECHNOLOGY AB Numerical modeling has been used to investigate the disparity in performance and sensitivity that has been reported for flow displacement immunosensors based on bead-packed columns, membranes, and capillary tubes. The simulations strongly suggest that the high surface areas in the porous media systems may actually be detrimental to sensor performance because of large numbers of free antibody binding sites. Since the free antibody sites are created during the wash step in which the baseline is established, wash protocols are critical in optimizing the sensitivity for a given displacement sensor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holt, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1006/abio.2000.4856 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 387YY UT WOS:000166151700007 PM 11112269 ER PT J AU Lee, GU Metzger, S Natesan, M Yanavich, C Dufrene, YF AF Lee, GU Metzger, S Natesan, M Yanavich, C Dufrene, YF TI Implementation of force differentiation in the immunoassay SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ADSORBED POLYMERS; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; MICA SURFACES; DNA-MOLECULES; MICROSCOPY; POLYETHYLENE; SOLVENT; ARRAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; RECOGNITION AB A technique has been developed to apply force to the antibody-antigen complex in a solid-phase immunoassay. Force was applied to the immunochemical complex by labeling the secondary antibody with a magnetically susceptible, micrometer-size particle and placing the assay chamber in a magnetic field of defined magnitude and orientation. The force was strong enough to displace weakly bound particles but was not strong enough to rupture the immunochemical complex. The number of particles bound to the surface after applying the differentiation force was related to the analyte concentration, thus an optical detection scheme was developed for counting the number of particles on the surface. The sensitivity of the force differentiation assay was demonstrated to be one to two orders of magnitude higher than conventional solid-phase immunoassay techniques for model protein, virus, and bacterial analytes, with 99% specificity. The enhanced sensitivity of this assay appears to result from lowering the assay background through the identification of weakly adhesive, nonspecific interactions. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Lee, GU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1006/abio.2000.4844 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 387YY UT WOS:000166151700010 PM 11112272 ER PT J AU Chrisey, DB Pique, A Modi, R Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Young, HD AF Chrisey, DB Pique, A Modi, R Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Young, HD TI Direct writing of conformal mesoscopic electronic devices by MAPLE DW SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE thin films; electronic devices; laser deposition; direct writing; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW) ID METAL-DEPOSITION; LASER; FILMS AB We demonstrate a novel pulsed UV laser direct writing technique called MAPLE DW for the fabrication of conformal electronic devices. MAPLE DW (matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write) is a soft laser forward transfer technique that takes place in air and at room temperature. Specific experimental results for the deposition of Ag metal and BaTiO3 composite dielectrics with electrical quality comparable to conventional thick film deposition techniques will be given as well as a discussion of the relevant issues for further electronic device improvement. The mechanism of the MAPLE DW process that makes it applicable to a broad class of electronic materials and even biomaterials is also described. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00824-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 388MH UT WOS:000166184400081 ER PT J AU Takeshita, S Takeshita, F Haddad, DE Ishii, KJ Klinman, DM AF Takeshita, S Takeshita, F Haddad, DE Ishii, KJ Klinman, DM TI CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce murine macrophages to up-regulate chemokine mRNA expression SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CpG; oligodeoxynucleotide; macrophage; chemokine; innate immunity; inflammation ID IMMUNOSTIMULATORY DNA-SEQUENCES; BACTERIAL-DNA; CC-CHEMOKINES; CUTTING EDGE; IN-VIVO; MOTIFS; INFLAMMATION; ACTIVATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; LYMPHOCYTES AB Intramuscular injection of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing unmethylated CpG motifs trigger the rapid development of a local inflammatory response. In vitro studies demonstrate that macrophages exposed to CpG ODN up-regulate expression of mRNA encoding the chemokines MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, MIP-2, RANTES, JE/MCP-1, and IP-10, Within 6 h of in vivo administration, CpG: ODN induce a significant increase in chemokine mRNA levels at the site of injection and draining lymph nodes. These chemokines may contribute to the migration and stimulation of inflammatory cells that contribute to the development of CpG ODN-induced immune responses, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Takeshita, S (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Ishii, Ken/B-1685-2012 OI Ishii, Ken/0000-0002-6728-3872 NR 34 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 206 IS 2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1006/cimm.2000.1735 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 399XY UT WOS:000166840600003 PM 11161441 ER PT J AU Huang, L Seward, KJ Sullivan, BP Jones, WE Mecholsky, JJ Dressick, WJ AF Huang, L Seward, KJ Sullivan, BP Jones, WE Mecholsky, JJ Dressick, WJ TI Luminescent alpha-diimine complexes of ruthenium(II) containing scorpionate ligands SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE scorpionate; pyrazolyl; bridges; MLCT; luminescence; ruthenium ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; EMISSION SPECTRAL PROFILES; MLCT EXCITED-STATES; ENERGY-GAP LAW; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; ZERO-PHONON; RU(II) AB We describe the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of several Ru(II) complexes of the type cis-L2Ru(Z)(n+), where L is an alpha -diimine [e.g. 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)] ligand and Z is a bis-coordinated scorpionate ligand such as tris-(1-pyrazolyl)methane (HC(pz)(3), pz=1-pyrazolyl; n=2) or letrakis-(1-pyrazolyl)borate anion (B(pz)(4)(-); n=1). The complexes each exhibit strong visible absorption assigned as a pi*(L)<-- d(Ru) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transition characteristic of the cis-L2Ru2+ kernel. A corresponding MLCT excited state emission is observed in room temperature CH3CN solution, although emission energies, lifetimes, and quantum yields are reduced relative to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+). Electronic spectra and cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that the relative pi -acceptor abilities of the coordinated Z are: Z = (1H-pyrazolyl)(2) similar to (pz)(2)B(pz)(2) < (pyridine)(2) < (pz)(2)CH(pz). Uncoordinated pz groups of cis-(bpy)(2)Ru(pz)(2)B(pz)(2)(+) can be reacted to form a sterically hindered, localized-valence (K-com similar to 33 1 mol(-1)) cis,cis-(bpy)(2)Ru-II(pz)(2)B(pz)(2)Ru-II(bpy)(2)(3+) dimer. The dimer properties are interpreted by comparison to the known cis-(bpy)(2)Ru-II(pz)(2)Ru-II(bpy)(2)(2+) analog. The dimer is photoreactive and undergoes an asymmetrical photocleavage in CH3CN (yielding cis-(bpy)(2)Ru-III(pz)(2)B(pz)(2)(2+) and cis-(bpy)(2)R-II(CH3CN)(2)(2+)), similar to the corresponding thermal reaction observed for the mixed-valence cis-(bpy)(2)Ru-II(pz)(2)Ru-III(bpy)(2)(3+) system. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sullivan, BP (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 310 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)00301-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 389RE UT WOS:000166250900016 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Bartolo, RE Felix, CL Jurkovic, MJ Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Bartolo, RE Felix, CL Jurkovic, MJ Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI Far-field characteristics of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed feedback lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AREA SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; BOND HEAT SINKING; CW; FILAMENTATION; AMPLIFIER AB The far-field emission characteristics of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback (alpha -DFB) lasers with W active regions are calculated using a self-consistent beam-propagation formalism that is more general than previous analyses. The theoretical projections are compared with the results of an experimental study of optically pumped alpha -DFB devices. Near-diffraction-limited beam quality is obtained both theoretically and experimentally for pump stripes less than or equal to 50 mum wide. While simulations employing the theoretical linewidth enhancement factor of 1.7 for the homogeneously-broadened W-laser gain spectrum predict that the good beam quality should be retained for stripes as wide as approximate to 200 mum, the data indicate a much more rapid degradation. That finding can be reproduced only by assuming that inhomogeneous broadening increases the structure's linewidth enhancement factor to approximate to5. The experiments and theory also yield a steering of the output beam to off-normal angles as large as 6 degrees when temperature tuning shifts the gain peak away from the grating resonance. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04401-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 12 BP 6997 EP 7005 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)04401-2] DI 10.1063/1.1326858 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 377UD UT WOS:000165543900005 ER PT J AU Riedlinger, SK Jacobs, GA AF Riedlinger, SK Jacobs, GA TI Study of the dynamics of wind-driven transports into the Yellow Sea during winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EAST CHINA SEAS; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; CURRENTS; OCEAN; FRONTS AB Synoptic wind stresses and surface heat flux force a three-dimensional numerical ocean model of the Yellow Sea/East China Sea dynamics. The basin response to winter winds is examined through the model output fields. Northerly wind bursts are a frequent winter occurrence in this region. The wind bursts develop a southward flowing current along the Chinese coast as the wind stress forces fluid out of the Bohai Sea. A north-south pressure gradient develops as surface water travels from the Bohai Sea southward, decreasing the elevation in the north relative to the elevation in the south. Also, a westward pressure gradient across the Yellow Sea basin develops in response to the wind forcing. The southward pressure gradient forces a bottom flow in the direction opposite to the wind stress. This return flow is concentrated in a deep trough located on the eastern side of the basin. After the northerly wind ceases the northward transport increases pressure in the north with the result of slowing or stopping the flow northward. At times, pressure increases in the north sufficiently to force a southward flow in the trough. Following strong northerly wind events, northward transport into the Yellow Sea occupies the entire trough and may extend into the northern Yellow Sea/Bohai Sea. During periods of calm winds, northward flow usually does not penetrate beyond 34 degreesN in the Yellow Sea. This flow is northward on the western side of the island of Cheju. The flow turns eastward north of Cheju and then southward, passing through the Cheju-Korea Strait. The wind stress along the Korean coast often deviates from the northerly wind stress over the rest of the Yellow Sea. Thus the flow along the Korean coast is not as closely related to the northerly wind bursts as the flow along the Chinese coast. The winter circulation in the Yellow Sea is predominately a barotropic response to winds with fluctuations due to Ekman flow. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Riedlinger, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM horton@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C12 BP 28695 EP 28708 DI 10.1029/2000JC900127 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 388XR UT WOS:000166208800012 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Trump, CL AF Marmorino, GO Trump, CL TI Gravity current structure of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TIDAL INTRUSION FRONT; RIVER PLUME; RADAR; EXCHANGE; SHELF; MODEL AB Measurements made across the edge of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume in September 1996 are examined for evidence of the frontal head structure expected for a buoyant gravity current. Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler and hydrographic data from two distinct, 2-hour-long sets of frontal transects are analyzed. One set of observations was acquired just south of the bay mouth (near Cape Henry, Virginia) during late flood tide in water depth of 8 m. These measurements show a nearly steady frontal structure and a frontal head that is approximately 5-m deep and 20-m wide. The second data set was acquired about 20-km southeast of the bay mouth, where the plume bulges horizontally outward over the continental shelf. These measurements show a 9-m-deep frontal head tin water depth of 18 m) that ultimately dissipates during early flood tide. In both sets of observations, relative inflow of plume water into the frontal head is confined to a shallow surface layer estimated to be no more than about 2-m deep. Referenced to this layer, frontal propagation is supercritical (Froude number greater than 1). Also measured was an expected sinking motion (of the order of 3 cm/s) along the front. Overall, the results are consistent with previous measurements made across smaller buoyant plumes and in the laboratory, and they are compatible with the use of fixed values of Froude number and entrainment parameter in two-layer plume models. Additional study of the plume front during ebb tide is recommended. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250,4550 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 2-B,Room 108, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C12 BP 28847 EP 28861 DI 10.1029/2000JC000225 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 388XR UT WOS:000166208800022 ER PT J AU Broeren, CPM Gray, GS Carreno, BM June, CH AF Broeren, CPM Gray, GS Carreno, BM June, CH TI Costimulation light: Activation of CD4(+) T cells with CD80 or CD86 rather than anti-CD28 leads to a Th2 cytokine profile SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SUBSET DIFFERENTIATION; CLONAL EXPANSION; CO-STIMULATION; B7-2 CD86; IN-VIVO; CD28; CTLA-4; INTERLEUKIN-2; PROLIFERATION AB To examine the role of CD28 and CTLA-4 in Th cell differentiation, we used a novel microsphere-based system to compare the effects of CD28 ligation by Ab or CD80/CD86. One set of beads was prepared by coating,vith anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Ab, Another set of beads was prepared by immobilizing anti-CD3 and murine CD80-Ig fusion protein or murine CD86-Ig fusion protein on the beads. The three sets of beads were compared in their effects on the ability to activate and differentiate splenic CD4 T cells. When purified naive CD4(+) cells were stimulated in vitro, robust proliferation of similar magnitude was induced by all three sets of beads. When cytokine secretion was examined, all bead preparations induced an equivalent accumulation of IL-2, In contrast, there was a marked difference in the cytokine secretion pattern of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, The B7-Ig-stimulated cultures had high concentrations of Th2 cytokines, whereas there were low or undetectable concentrations in the anti-CD28-stimulated cultures. Addition of anti-CTLA-4 Fab augmented B7-mediated IL-4 secretion, These studies demonstrate that B7 is a critical and potent stimulator of Th2 differentiation, and that anti-CD28 prevents this effect. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mol & Cellular Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP June, CH (reprint author), Biomed Res Bldg 2-3,Room 554,421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 6908 EP 6914 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 381XZ UT WOS:000165790500034 PM 11120816 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Mochena, M AF Rajagopal, AK Mochena, M TI Broken-symmetry-adapted Green function theory of condensed matter systems: Towards a vector spin-density-functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUP THEORETICAL CLASSIFICATION; FOCK-BOGOLIUBOV EQUATION; SPATIAL POINT SYMMETRY; MAGNETISM; CLUSTERS; FIELDS AB The group-theory framework developed by Fukutome for a systematic analysis of the various broken-symmetry types of Hartree-Fock solution exhibiting spin structures is here extended to the general many-body context using spinor Green function formalism for describing magnetic systems. Consequences of this theory are discussed for examining the magnetism of itinerant electrons in nanometric systems of current interest as well as bulk systems where a vector spin-density form is required, by specializing our work to spin-density-functional formalism. We also formulate the linear-response theory for such a system and compare and contrast our results with the recent results obtained for localized electron systems. The various phenomenological treatments of itinerant magnetic systems are here unified in this group-theoretical description. We apply this theory to the one-band Hubbard model to illustrate the usefulness of this approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 23 BP 15461 EP 15470 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15461 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 385GK UT WOS:000165995100047 ER PT J AU Kurmaev, EZ Galakhov, VR Shimada, S Otsuka, T Endo, K Stadler, S Ederer, DL Moewes, A Schuerman, H Neumann, M Tomiyoshi, S Azuma, N Iwami, M AF Kurmaev, EZ Galakhov, VR Shimada, S Otsuka, T Endo, K Stadler, S Ederer, DL Moewes, A Schuerman, H Neumann, M Tomiyoshi, S Azuma, N Iwami, M TI Soft-x-ray fluorescence study of the quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet tetraphenylverdazyl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VERDAZYL FREE-RADICALS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; EXCITATION; BEHAVIOR; ENERGY; MODEL AB Soft-x-ray fluorescence measurements have been performed on a single crystal of the organic antiferromagnet 2,4,6-triphenylverdazyl. Resonant and nonresonant C K alpha and N K alpha (2p-->1s transition) x-ray emission spectra (XES) were measured and compared with x-ray photoelectron valence band spectra and deMon density-functional theory calculations. It is shown that intramolecular interactions are much stronger than intermolecular ones and give the main contribution to the formation of C 2p density of states. We present evidence of a delocalization of unpaired N 2p electrons over the verdazyl ring. The excitation energy dependence of C K alpha and N K alpha XES observed below the C Is and N Is thresholds, respectively, is discussed in terms of symmetry selective resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Kanazawa Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Louisiana State Univ, CAMD, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Ehime Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. Ehime Univ, Dept Chem, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. Okayama Univ, Surface Sci Res Lab, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RP Kurmaev, EZ (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, GSP-170, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013; Galakhov, Vadim/J-6030-2013 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930; Galakhov, Vadim/0000-0002-1642-7362 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 23 BP 15660 EP 15665 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.15660 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 385GK UT WOS:000165995100070 ER PT J AU Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR Kortus, J AF Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR Kortus, J TI Al7CX (X = Li-Cs) clusters: Stability and the prospect for cluster materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; SOLIDS AB Al7C clusters, recently found to have a high-electron affinity and exceptional stability, are shown to form ionic molecules when combined with alkali-metal atoms. Our studies, based on an ab initio gradient-corrected density-functional scheme, show that Al7CX (X=Li-Cs) clusters have a very low-electron affinity and a high-ionization potential. When combined, the two- and four-atom composite clusters of Al7CLi units leave the Al7C clusters almost intact. Preliminary studies indicate that Al7CLi may be suitable to form cluster-based materials. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 24 BP 16956 EP 16961 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.16956 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 390QL UT WOS:000166307800117 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Yu, H Jacobson, AE Rothman, RB Dersch, CM George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Rice, KC AF Gu, XH Yu, H Jacobson, AE Rothman, RB Dersch, CM George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Rice, KC TI Design, synthesis, and monoamine transporter binding site affinities of methoxy derivatives of indatraline SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; DOPAMINE; SEROTONIN; METHAMPHETAMINE; ACIDS; NOREPINEPHRINE; INHIBITION; GBR-12909; GBR12909; REMOVAL AB A series of methoxy-containing derivatives of indatraline 13a-f and 17 were synthesized, and their binding affinities for the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporter binding sites were determined. Introduction of a methoxy group to indatraline affected its affinity and selectivity greatly. Except for the 4-methoxy derivative 13a,which had the same high affinity at the dopamine transporter binding site as indatraline, the other methoxy-containing analogues (13b-f and 17) exhibited lower affinity than indatraline for the three transporter binding sites. However, some of the analogues were more selective than indatraline, and the B-methoxy derivative 13c displayed the highest affinity for both the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. This compound retained reasonable affinity for the dopamine transporter and is a promising template for the development of a long-acting inhibitor of monoamine transporters. Such inhibitors have potential as medications for treatment, as a substitution medication, or for prevention of the abuse of methamphetamine-like stimulants. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDA, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 25 BP 4868 EP 4876 DI 10.1021/jm000329v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 383CT UT WOS:000165866100016 PM 11123996 ER PT J AU Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Sundar, VC Mikulec, FV Bawendi, MG AF Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Sundar, VC Mikulec, FV Bawendi, MG TI Self-assembly of CdSe-ZnS quantum dot bioconjugates using an engineered recombinant protein SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CADMIUM SELENIDE NANOCRYSTALS; POLY(PHENYLENE VINYLENE); SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; BINDING; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MULTILAYERS; DISPERSIONS; COMPOSITES AB A novel and direct method is described for conjugating protein molecules to luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell nanocrystals (Quantum Dots) for use as bioactive fluorescent probes in sensing, imaging, immunoassay, and other diagnostics applications. The approach makes use of a chimeric fusion protein designed to electrostatically bind to the oppositely charged surface of capped colloidal quantum dots (QDs). Preparation of protein-modified QD dispersions with high quantum yield, little or no particle aggregation, and retention of biological activity was achieved. Combining the advantages of lipoic acid capped CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (photochemical stability, a wide range of size-dependent emission wavelengths, and aqueous compatibility) with facile electrostatic conjugation of bioactive proteins, this type of hybrid bioinorganic conjugate represents a powerful fluorescent tracking tool for diverse applications. The design and preparation of a model QD/ protein conjugate based on E. coli Maltose Binding Protein is described, together with functional characterization of this new type of nanoassembly using Luminescence, laser scanning microscopy, and bioassay. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 5611,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 52 TC 1345 Z9 1398 U1 53 U2 503 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 13 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 49 BP 12142 EP 12150 DI 10.1021/ja002535y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 383CW UT WOS:000165866400009 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ Schull, TL AF Martin, BD Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ Schull, TL TI Fabrication and application of hydrogel stampers for physisorptive microcontact printing SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FILMS; LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; BINDING C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 12 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 25 BP 9944 EP 9946 DI 10.1021/la001053x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 380VM UT WOS:000165724200041 ER PT J AU Park, YD Jonker, BT Bennett, BR Itskos, G Furis, M Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A AF Park, YD Jonker, BT Bennett, BR Itskos, G Furis, M Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A TI Electrical spin injection across air-exposed epitaxially regrown semiconductor interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; BEHAVIOR AB We have fabricated spin-polarized light-emitting diode structures via epitaxial regrowth of Zn1-xMnxSe on air-exposed surfaces of AlyGa1-yAs/GaAs quantum wells. No passivation procedures were used to protect or prepare the III-V surface. The electroluminescence is strongly circularly polarized due to the electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from the ZnMnSe contact into the GaAs quantum well. An analysis of the optical polarization yields a lower bound of 65% for the spin injection efficiency. These results demonstrate the robustness of the spin injection process in the diffusive transport regime, and attest to the practicality of manufacturing semiconductor-based spin injection devices. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02851-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Park, Yun/A-9559-2008; Furis, Madalina/F-8090-2015; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432; Furis, Madalina/0000-0001-9007-5492; Itskos, Grigorios/0000-0003-3971-3801 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 24 BP 3989 EP 3991 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)02851-5] DI 10.1063/1.1332826 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 380FW UT WOS:000165690400037 ER PT J AU Collins, CA Guzzo, L Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Chincarini, G Cruddace, R De Grandi, S MacGillivray, HT Neumann, DM Schindler, S Shaver, P Voges, W AF Collins, CA Guzzo, L Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Chincarini, G Cruddace, R De Grandi, S MacGillivray, HT Neumann, DM Schindler, S Shaver, P Voges, W TI The ROSAT-ESO flux-limited X-ray (REFLEX) galaxy cluster survey - II. The spatial correlation function SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of Universe; X-rays : galaxies ID RICH CLUSTERS; ABELL CLUSTERS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; CATALOG; SAMPLE; SKY; UNIVERSE; VELOCITY; OMEGA; APM AB We report the results of the spatial two-point correlation function xi (cc)(r) for the new X-ray galaxy cluster survey ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-ray (REFLEX), which comprises 452 X-ray selected clusters (449 with redshifts) detected by the ROSAT satellite during the ROSAT All-Sky-Survey (RASS), The REFLEX cluster sample is flux limited to 3 x 10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the ROSAT energy band (0.1-2.4 keV) and spans three decades in X-ray luminosity (10(42)-10(45) h(-2) erg s(-1)), containing galaxy groups and rich clusters out to a redshift z less than or equal to 0.3. Covering a contiguous area of 4.24 sr REFLEX is the largest X-ray cluster sample to date for which spatial clustering has been analysed. Correlation studies using clusters selected on the basis of their X-ray emission are particularly interesting as they are largely free from the projection biases inherent to optical studies. For the entire flux-limited sample we find that the correlation length (the scale at which the correlation amplitude passes through unity) r(0) similar or equal to 20 h(-1) Mpc. For example, if a power-law fit is made to xi (r) over the range 4-40 h(-1) Mpc then r(0) similar or equal to 18.8 +/- 0.9. An indication of the robustness of this result comes from the high degree of isotropy seen in the clustering pattern on scales close to the correlation length. On larger scales xi (cc)(r) deviates from a power-law, crossing zero at similar or equal to 45 h(-1) Mpc. From an examination of five volume-limited cluster subsamples we find no significant trend of r(0) with limiting X-ray luminosity, A comparison with recent model predictions for the clustering properties of X-ray flux-limited samples indicates that cold dark matter models with the matter density Omega (m) = 1 fail to produce sufficient clustering to account for the data, while Omega (m) similar or equal to 0.3 models provide an excellent fit. C1 Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Osserv Astron Brera, I-22055 Merate, LC, Italy. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. CNR, Ist Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC USA. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Midlothian, Scotland. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 12 Quays House,Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. EM cac@astro.livjm.ac.uk OI GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 60 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2000 VL 319 IS 3 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03918.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 387FT UT WOS:000166112800026 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Ting, A Zigler, A Antonsen, TM AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Ting, A Zigler, A Antonsen, TM TI Stable laser-pulse propagation in plasma channels for GeV electron acceleration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PARTIALLY STRIPPED PLASMAS; WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; GROUP-VELOCITY; STABILITY; RAMAN; SCATTERING AB To achieve multi-GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in plasma without disruption. A 3D envelope equation for a laser pulse in a tapered plasma channel is derived, which includes wakefields and relativistic and nonparaxial effects, such as finite pulse length and group velocity dispersion. It is shown that electron energies of similar to GeV in a plasma-channel LWFA can be achieved by using short pulses where the forward Raman and modulation nonlinearities tend to cancel. Further energy gain can be achieved by tapering the plasma density to reduce electron dephasing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 37 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 24 BP 5110 EP 5113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5110 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 382CC UT WOS:000165800000024 ER PT J AU Strohkendl, FP Larsen, RJ Dalton, LR Kafafi, ZK AF Strohkendl, FP Larsen, RJ Dalton, LR Kafafi, ZK TI Femtosecond nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in C-60 films between 0.55 and 0.70 mu m SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; C-70 AB We used femtosecond nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (nDFWM) to measure the instantaneous third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility function chi (1111)[-(omega - delta tau), omega, omega, -(omega + delta omega)] near the absorption edge of C-60 films with absorption reaching up to 2.0 x 10(4) cm(-1). The frequency shift was set to h delta omega = 0.07 +/- 0.01 eV, smaller than the width of the spectral feature studied but large enough to suppress non-instantaneous signal contributions. Our data are orders of magnitude below previous DFWM results but connect smoothly to data at longer wavelengths where absorption is low (<100 cm(-1)). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strohkendl, FP (reprint author), 2117 Dewey St, Santa Monica, CA 90405 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2000 VL 331 IS 5-6 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01212-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 382YC UT WOS:000165854100002 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Rates of convergence of non-extensive statistical distributions to Levy distributions in full and half-spaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; RANDOM-WALKS; THERMODYNAMICS; FOUNDATION; FORMALISM; EQUATIONS; FLIGHTS AB The Levy-type distributions are derived using the principle of maximum Tsallis non-extensive entropy both in the full and half-spaces. The rates of convergence to the exact Levy stable distributions are determined by taking the N-fold convolutions of these distributions. The marked difference between the problems in the full and half-spaces is elucidated analytically. It is found that the rates of convergence depend on the ranges of the Levy indices. An important result emerging from the present analysis is deduced if interpreted in terms of random walks, implying the dependence of the asymptotic long-time behaviours of the walks on the ranges of the Levy indices if N is identified with the total time of the walks. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD DEC 8 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 48 BP 8723 EP 8732 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/33/48/310 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 385HQ UT WOS:000165998400015 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Microcanonical foundation for systems with power-law distributions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article AB Starting from a microcanonical basis with the principle of equal a priori probability, it is shown using the method of steepest descents that besides ordinary Boltzmann-Gibbs theory with the exponential distribution a theory describing systems with power-law distributions can also be derived. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD DEC 8 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 48 BP 8733 EP 8738 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/33/48/311 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 385HQ UT WOS:000165998400016 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ AF Chen, MS Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ TI Additive channel-constrained metallization of high-resolution features SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE metallization; monolayer; semiconductor; microlithography ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; SELF-ASSEMBLED FILMS; MONOLAYER FILMS; NI DEPOSITION; PHOTORESIST; LAYER; VLSI; INTERCONNECTION; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION AB The patterned, selective electroless deposition of submicron metal features has been achieved on Si by using a channel-constrained technique. Chemically-amplified negative tone photoresists, exposed with UV or e-beam sources, were developed to create patterned channels for constrained, additive, metal growth on an underlying ligating self-assembled monolayer film. The process is attractive for the production of plasma etch-resistant high resolution metal features for VLSI applications, as well as for the fabrication of high aspect ratio metal lines useful as electrical interconnects. The adhesion of the photoresist to the underlying monolayer plays a critical role in the process, permitting the removal of photoresist residues from patterned channels during development to allow metallization without the loss of feature critical dimension control or photoresist delamination. Patterned, etched metal features with linewidths to similar to 0.1 mum have been demonstrated. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 8 PY 2000 VL 379 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01567-4 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 389XX UT WOS:000166264900032 ER PT J AU Roberts, N AF Roberts, N TI Charting Chicago school reform: Democratic localism as a lever for change. SO ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Roberts, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ADMINISTRATIVE, SCI QUARTERLY PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, JOHNSON SCHOOL, 20 THORNWOOD DR, STE 100, ITHACA, NY 14850-1265 USA SN 0001-8392 J9 ADMIN SCI QUART JI Adm. Sci. Q. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 45 IS 4 BP 843 EP 846 DI 10.2307/2667023 PG 4 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 400JM UT WOS:000166868500009 ER PT J AU Barrett, PQ Lu, HK Colbran, R Czernik, A Pancrazio, JJ AF Barrett, PQ Lu, HK Colbran, R Czernik, A Pancrazio, JJ TI Stimulation of unitary T-type Ca2+ channel currents by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glomerulosa cells; low voltage-activated channels ID ADRENAL GLOMERULOSA CELLS; PIG VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; CALCIUM CHANNELS; SENSORY NEURONS; GUINEA-PIG; ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION; ANGIOTENSIN-II; NR2B SUBUNIT; VOLTAGE AB The effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) stimulation on unitary low voltage-activated (LVA) T-type Ca2+ channel currents in isolated bovine adrenal glomerulosa (AG) cells was measured using the patch-clamp technique. In cell-attached and inside-out patches, LVA channel activity was identified by voltage-dependent inactivation and a single-channel conductance of similar to9 pS in 110 mM BaCl2 or CaCl2. In the cell-attached patch, elevation of bath Ca2+ from 150 nM to 1 muM raised intracellular Ca2+ in K+-depolarized (140 mM) cells and evoked an increase in the LVA Ca2+ channel probability of opening (NPo) by two-to sixfold. This augmentation was associated with an increase in the number of nonblank sweeps, a rise in the frequency of channel opening in nonblank sweeps, and a 30% reduction in first latency. No apparent changes in the single-channel open-time distribution, burst lengths, or openings/burst were apparent. Preincubation of AG cells with lipophilic or peptide inhibitors of CaMKII in the cell-attached or excised (inside-out) configurations prevented the rise in NPo elicited by elevated Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, administration of a mutant recombinant CaMKII alpha exhibiting cofactor-independent activity in the absence of elevated Ca2+ produced a threefold elevation in LVA channel NPo. These data indicate that CaMKII activity is both necessary and sufficient for LVA channel activation by Ca2+. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrett, PQ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 1300 Jefferson Pk Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-36977] NR 50 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 279 IS 6 BP C1694 EP C1703 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 373HJ UT WOS:000165283000004 PM 11078683 ER PT J AU Miller, DL AF Miller, DL TI Angiography in polyarteritis nodosa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1747 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 376JN UT WOS:000165454600051 PM 11090415 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Bandyopadhyay, PR TI Maneuvering hydrodynamics of fish and small underwater vehicles SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 40 IS 6 BP 935 EP 935 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 422RA UT WOS:000168132000041 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR Mungan, CE AF Bowman, SR Mungan, CE TI New materials for optical cooling SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER APPLICATIONS; APATITE CRYSTALS; INFRARED-LASER; YB; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Well-characterized solid-state laser materials are evaluated for performance in optical refrigeration as well as radiation-balanced laser systems. New figures-of-merit are developed and applied to ytterbium-doped materials. Superior performance is predicted for high-cross-section tungstate materials. Photothermal deflection experiments on samples of Yb3+-doped KGd(WO4)(2) confirm anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling. This is the first observation of optical cooling in a crystal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 71 IS 6 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 379WR UT WOS:000165666600005 ER PT J AU Grys, EL Schade, SZ Cohen, ME Geivelis, M Robinson, PJ Simonson, LG AF Grys, EL Schade, SZ Cohen, ME Geivelis, M Robinson, PJ Simonson, LG TI Measurement of proteases in human subgingival dental plaque by fluorescence polarization SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protease; fluorescence polarization; periodontal disease; subgingival plaque; treatment ID PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; BACTEROIDES-GINGIVALIS; ADULT PERIODONTITIS; TREPONEMA-DENTICOLA; DISEASE AB Fluorescence polarization (FP) was examined as a rapid quantitative method to assay the proteases in subgingival plaque. Protease activity was measured by a decrease in FP at 0.5-min intervals over 5 min: using BODIPY(R)-alpha -casein, a protein substrate. To quantitate activity, the least absolute deviation (LAD) slope for each assay was determined. Protease activity increased with the quantity of plaque (r = 0.416, P < 0.001). Of the 208 subgingival plaque samples, 87 contained detectable protease activity, with a mean of about 4 g trypsin equivalents above a general background of 1 mug per site. The mean plaque protease activity of 89 paired samples from 15 individuals had decreased by 1.1 mug trypsin equivalents per site when measured at 8 months after tooth scaling and root planing (P < 0.01). Most isolates of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella intermedia implicated in the pathogenesis of adult periodontitis exhibited high activity in the FP assay. The assay is rapid, quantitative and requires only one-tenth of the plaque sampled using a single pass with a Gracey curette at a single tooth site. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Periodont, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Dent Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Schade, SZ (reprint author), USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1101 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/S0003-9969(00)00073-X PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 371NF UT WOS:000165184500011 PM 11084150 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI Confederates in the attic: Dispatches from the unfinished Civil War. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1177/0095327X0002600209 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418EU UT WOS:000167878600008 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI The broken crescent: The "threat" of militant Islamic fundamentalism. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 340 EP 342 DI 10.1177/0095327X0002600210 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418EU UT WOS:000167878600009 ER PT J AU Williams, RE Baum, S Bergeron, LE Bernstein, N Blacker, BS Boyle, BJ Brown, TM Carollo, CM Casertano, S Covarrubias, R de Mello, DF Dickinson, ME Espey, BR Ferguson, HC Fruchter, A Gardner, JP Gonnella, A Hayes, J Hewett, PC Heyer, I Hook, R Irwin, M Jones, D Kaiser, ME Levay, Z Lubenow, A Lucas, RA Mack, J MacKenty, JW Madau, P Makidon, RB Martin, CL Mazzuca, L Mutchler, M Norris, RP Perriello, B Phillips, MM Postman, M Royle, P Sahu, K Savaglio, S Sherwin, A Smith, TE Stiavelli, M Suntzeff, NB Teplitz, HI van der Marel, RP Walker, AR Weymann, RJ Wiggs, MS Williger, GM Wilson, J Zacharias, N AF Williams, RE Baum, S Bergeron, LE Bernstein, N Blacker, BS Boyle, BJ Brown, TM Carollo, CM Casertano, S Covarrubias, R de Mello, DF Dickinson, ME Espey, BR Ferguson, HC Fruchter, A Gardner, JP Gonnella, A Hayes, J Hewett, PC Heyer, I Hook, R Irwin, M Jones, D Kaiser, ME Levay, Z Lubenow, A Lucas, RA Mack, J MacKenty, JW Madau, P Makidon, RB Martin, CL Mazzuca, L Mutchler, M Norris, RP Perriello, B Phillips, MM Postman, M Royle, P Sahu, K Savaglio, S Sherwin, A Smith, TE Stiavelli, M Suntzeff, NB Teplitz, HI van der Marel, RP Walker, AR Weymann, RJ Wiggs, MS Williger, GM Wilson, J Zacharias, N TI The Hubble Deep Field south: Formulation of the observing campaign SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : photometry; surveys ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; GALAXY PHOTOMETRY; SOURCE EXTRACTION; FORMING GALAXIES; RADIO-EMISSION; STANDARD STARS; DATA REDUCTION; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFTS; CALIBRATION AB Deep, multiband observations of high Galactic latitude fields are an essential tool for studying topics ranging from Galactic structure to extragalactic background radiation. The Hubble Deep Field (HDF-N) observations obtained in 1995 December established a standard for such narrow, deep surveys. The held has been extensively analyzed by a variety of groups and has been widely studied with imaging and spectroscopy over wavelengths ranging from 10(-3) to 2 x 10(5) mum. We describe here a second deep field campaign (HDF-S), this time in the southern hemisphere, undertaken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1998 October in a program very similar to the northern Hubble Deep Field. Imaging and spectroscopy of three adjacent fields in the southern continuous viewing zone were obtained simultaneously for 150 orbits, and a mosaic of flanking fields was imaged for 27 additional orbits. Two important features of the HDF-S distinguish it from the HDF-N: the campaign included parallel observations by the three main HST instruments-WFPC2, STIS, and NICMOS-and the HDF-S location was selected to place a bright z = 2.24 quasar in the STIS field of view. The HDF-S observations consist of WVFPC2 images in filters close to U, B, y, and I, a deep STIS image of the held surrounding the quasar, spectroscopy of the quasar with STIS from 1150 to 3560 Angstrom and deep imaging of an adjacent field with NICMOS camera 3 at 1.1, 1.6, and 2.2 mum. All of the HDF-S data were fully reduced and made publicly available within 2 months of the observations, and we describe here the selection of the fields and the observing strategy that was employed. Detailed descriptions of the data and the reduction techniques for each field, together with the corresponding source catalogs, appear in separate papers. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Williams, RE (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Norris, Ray/A-1316-2008; OI Norris, Ray/0000-0002-4597-1906; Espey, Brian/0000-0002-2457-1380 NR 48 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 120 IS 6 BP 2735 EP 2746 DI 10.1086/316854 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 383EU UT WOS:000165870800001 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Wycoff, GL Urban, SE Hartkopf, WI Holdenried, ER Makarov, VV AF Mason, BD Wycoff, GL Urban, SE Hartkopf, WI Holdenried, ER Makarov, VV TI Double stars in the Tycho-2 Catalogue SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general AB The Tycho-2 Catalogue provides astrometric and photometric information for 2.5 million stars. Within the Tycho-2 Catalogue, while there is no separate listing of double-star parameters, there is a wealth of double-star data. For all measured double-star systems, each component has its own entry in Tycho-2 (this corresponds to the Hipparcos "double-entry systems"), and the classical double-star parameters of separation, position angle, and magnitude difference can be calculated for these systems. Most double stars in the Tycho-2 Catalogue are identified by a code indicating a double, failed double, or photocentric solution. Stars flagged in this manner include 6251 known double stars and 1234 new double-star systems (designated in the Washington Double Star Catalog [WDS] with a "TDS" discovery code). Also, 4726 systems solved via Tycho-2 "single-star treatment" not only matched one component of a WDS pair but also had a nearby star that closely approximated the position and magnitude of the other WDS component. Finally, 1133 WDS systems were seen as single in Tycho-2 whose historical double-star parameters would indicate that Tycho-2 should have measured them. The observational statistics of these various classes of objects are presented together with catalog statistics for those with single-star solutions. A quantitative assessment of Tycho-2 double-star measures is provided via a comparison of Tycho-2 O-C residuals to known orbits. Finally, a subset of systems measured by Tycho-2 have been verified via speckle interferometry using the 82 inch (2 m) telescope of McDonald Observatory. These results are presented here. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3460 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 120 IS 6 BP 3244 EP 3249 DI 10.1086/316870 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 383EU UT WOS:000165870800034 ER PT J AU Hjellming, RM Rupen, MP Hunstead, RW Campbell-Wilson, D Mioduszewski, AJ Gaensler, BM Smith, DA Sault, RJ Fender, RP Spencer, RE de la Force, CJ Richards, AMS Garrington, ST Trushkin, SA Ghigo, FD Waltman, EB McCollough, M AF Hjellming, RM Rupen, MP Hunstead, RW Campbell-Wilson, D Mioduszewski, AJ Gaensler, BM Smith, DA Sault, RJ Fender, RP Spencer, RE de la Force, CJ Richards, AMS Garrington, ST Trushkin, SA Ghigo, FD Waltman, EB McCollough, M TI Light curves and radio structure of the 1999 September transient event in V4641 sagittarii (=XTE J1819-254=SAX J1819.3-2525) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; gamma rays : bursts; radio continuum : stars; X-rays : bursts; X-rays : stars ID GRO J1655-40; CAMELOPARDALIS; EJECTIONS; OUTBURST; GALAXY; JETS AB We report on radio observations of the 1999 September event of the X-ray transient V4641 Sgr (=XTE J1819-254 = SAX J1819.3-2525). This event was extremely rapid in its rise and decay across radio, optical, and X-ray wavelengths; the X-rays rose to 12 crab within 8 hr and faded to below 0.1 crab in less than 2 hr. Radio observations were made with seven telescopes during the first day following the onset of the strong X-ray event, revealing a strong radio source that was detected for 3 further weeks by the more sensitive telescopes. The radio source was resolved even in the first Very Large Array (VLA) images (September 16.027 UT), being similar to0 " .25 long with an axis ratio of at least 10:1. The total flux density decayed by a factor of similar to4 over the first day, and by September 17.94 UT the radio emission was confined to a slowly decaying, marginally resolved remnant located at one side of the early elongated emission. The H I absorption spectrum gives a minimum kinematic distance of about 400 pc; various other arguments suggest that the true distance is not much greater than this. The inferred proper motions for the early extended emission (0 " .4-1 " .1 day(-1)) correspond to vie similar to 1.0-3.2 (d/0.5 kpc), and this together with the radio morphology argues that this is a relativistic jet source like GRS 1915 + 105 and GRO J1655-40. The proper motion of the late-time remnant is at least 100 times smaller. One simple interpretation posits the ejection of a single short-lived jet segment, followed by a more slowly decaying, optically thin jet segment ejection. These two components can explain both the multifrequency radio light curves and the radio images. The most likely parameters for the fast-jet system with net-averaged proper motion of similar to0 " .14 day(-1), assuming n = 0.5 kpc, are v similar to 0.85c and i similar to 63 degrees, where i is the inclination to the line of sight. The corresponding apparent velocities are 1.4c and 0.6c for the approaching and receding jets, making V4641 Sgr the closest superluminal jet source known. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RAS, Special Astrophys Observ, Karachaevo Cherkassia 369167, Russia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hjellming, RM (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Assoc Univ Inc, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Richards, Anita/0000-0002-3880-2450; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 38 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 544 IS 2 BP 977 EP 992 DI 10.1086/317255 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 384FA UT WOS:000165931100034 ER PT J AU Rowe-Taitt, CA Hazzard, JW Hoffman, KE Cras, JJ Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Rowe-Taitt, CA Hazzard, JW Hoffman, KE Cras, JJ Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI Simultaneous detection of six biohazardous agents using a planar waveguide array biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE array biosensor; multi-analyte sensing; environmental monitoring ID MULTIANALYTE; IMMOBILIZATION; BIOMOLECULES; IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; SURFACES; ANALYTES; GLASS AB Recently, we demonstrated that an array biosensor could be used with cocktails of fluorescent antibodies to perform three assays simultaneously on a single substrate, and that multiple samples could be analyzed in parallel. We extend this technology to demonstrate the simultaneous analysis of six samples for six different hazardous analytes, including both bacteria and protein toxins. The level of antibody cross-reactivity is explored, revealing a possible common epitope in two of the toxins. A panel of environmental interferents was added to the samples; these interferents neither prevented the detection of the analytes nor caused false-positive responses. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 11-12 BP 579 EP 589 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(00)00122-6 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 393EQ UT WOS:000166456600002 PM 11213218 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DW Shakir, KMM Drake, AJ AF Armstrong, DW Shakir, KMM Drake, AJ TI Dual X-ray absorptiometry total body bone mineral content and bone mineral density in 18-to 22-year-old Caucasian men SO BONE LA English DT Article DE DXA; BMD; TBMC; men; military; bone; osteoporosis ID DELAYED PUBERTY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; ADOLESCENT BOYS; MASS; OSTEOPOROSIS; EXERCISE AB Eighty-six healthy, young Caucasian 18-year-old men with no known disease or bone injury were recruited to this study at the United States Naval Academy, Change in bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine, and distal tibia, and total body bone mineral content (TBMC) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), BMD and TBMC of these men were measured within 2 months (67 +/- 3 days) of entering the Academy, and, at the end of their first, second, and fourth years, Hip BMD was unchanged during the study period (p > 0.05), Lumbar spine BMD increased 3% (p < 0.001) and distal tibia BMD increased 5% (p < 0.001), TBMC showed a 7.5% increase over the study period, In this group of young men, gain in BMD and TBMC is greatest to age 21 years, with minimal further increase after age 21, The significance of this rise in bone mass during early adulthood on risk for osteoporotic fractures in later life or its impact on exercise-related bone injuries is unknown and warrants further examination. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Drake, AJ (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Bldg 9,Rm 2381,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD DEC PY 2000 VL 27 IS 6 BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00390-2 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 383XA UT WOS:000165908900011 PM 11113395 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Jiang, BH Ensign, WY Vogt, PK Han, JH AF Li, YQ Jiang, BH Ensign, WY Vogt, PK Han, JH TI Myogenic differentiation requires signalling through both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p38 MAP kinase SO CELLULAR SIGNALLING LA English DT Article DE p38; PI3K; muscle differentiation ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; INDUCED ERYTHROID-DIFFERENTIATION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATION; 3T3-L1 ADIPOGENESIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BINDING PROTEIN AB Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or of Akt induces myoblast differentiation. Activation of p38 MAP kinase also triggers myogenic differentiation. The current paper shows that PI 3-kinase and p38 MAP kinase signalling are activated by two separate pathways during myogenic differentiation; both are required for muscle differentiation. p38-induced myogenic differentiation can be inhibited by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 without affecting p38 activity. Similarly, a constitutively active form of Akt, myristylated c-Akt (Myr-Akt), induces myogenic differentiation that is inhibited by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. An analysis of the two forms of p38, p38 and p38 beta, shows that the activity of both is required for myogenic differentiation. These data suggest that PI 3-kinase and p38 signalling are essential and parallel pathways for myogenic differentiation. They may either affect different downstream targets required for myogenesis or they may converge on shared targets that require input from both signalling pathways. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. Ail lights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Han, JH (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, IMM-9,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Han, J/G-4671-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42564, CA78230]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41637] NR 53 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0898-6568 J9 CELL SIGNAL JI Cell. Signal. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 11-12 BP 751 EP 757 DI 10.1016/S0898-6568(00)00120-0 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 386EZ UT WOS:000166048900007 PM 11152961 ER PT J AU Castro, R Mascarenhas, AS Durazo, R Collins, CA AF Castro, R Mascarenhas, AS Durazo, R Collins, CA TI Seasonal variation of the temperature and salinity at the entrance to the Gulf of California, Mexico SO CIENCIAS MARINAS LA Spanish DT Article DE Gulf of California; seasonal variation; thermohaline properties; El Nino ID OF-CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY AB Seasonal variability at the entrance to the Gulf of California is described using high resolution CTD data from a section across the entrance to the gulf that was occupied eight times between 1992 and 1998. Variability decreased rapidly below 100 dbar, so that standard deviations exceeding 0.5 degreesC and 0.05 for temperature and salinity, respectively, were confined to the upper 150 dbar. The mean salinity field was asymmetric, with fresher waters (S < 34.6) between 25 and 75 dbar next to Sinaloa and saltier waters (S >A seasonal thermocline developed in the upper 50 dbar, increasing from 21 degreesC in February surface temperatures to 31 degreesC in August. Below 100 dbar, temperature at a given pressure was typically colder in the center of the section, indicating cyclonic flow (flow into the gulf next to Sinaloa and out of the gulf next to Baja California). The subsurface mid-gulf cooling (cyclonic flow) was strongest during winter and spring when the exchange of heat between the gulf and the Pacific Ocean is large. Subsurface mid-gulf heating (corresponding to anticyclonic flow) was not observed. Temporal and spatial distribution of saline water masses suggests that heat exchanges take place by alternating the inflow and outflow of warm (surface) and cord (subsurface) water masses. The 1997-1998 El Nino resulted in a 50 dbar deepening of the thermocline in November 1997, as well as a freshening of 0.1 to 0.2 of waters above the thermocline. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Castro, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Inst Invest Oceanol, Apartado Postal 453, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM rubenc@faro.ens.uabc.mx NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST INVESTIGACIONES OCEANOLOGICAS, U A B C PI BAJA CALIFORNIA PA APARTADO POSTAL 423, ENSENADA, BAJA CALIFORNIA 22800, MEXICO SN 0185-3880 J9 CIENC MAR JI Ceinc. Mar. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 561 EP 583 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 385YT UT WOS:000166033300002 ER PT J AU Fetrow, FM AF Fetrow, FM TI Reading the man: Robert Hayden and the legacy of Frederick Douglass SO CLA JOURNAL-COLLEGE LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fetrow, FM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE LANGUAGE ASSN PI ATLANTA PA CLA JOURNAL MOREHOUSE COLLEGE, ATLANTA, GA 30314 USA SN 0007-8549 J9 CLA J JI CLA J.-Coll. Lang. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 2 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Literature SC Literature GA 428EF UT WOS:000168447900002 ER PT J AU Pullen, JD Allen, JS AF Pullen, JD Allen, JS TI Modeling studies of the coastal circulation off Northern California: shelf response to a major Eel river flood event SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal circulation; northern California; plume dynamics; numerical modeling ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DISCHARGE; BUOYANCY AB The region surrounding Cape Mendocino is the subject of a high-resolution multiply nested modeling study. The highest resolution model (1 km) is used for a 40-day simulation containing the major Eel River flood event of December 30, 1996-January 3, 1997. The complex forcing due to rapidly shifting storm-driven winds, flood-induced river discharge and rugged bathymetry and coastline generate energetic coastal circulation off northern California during this time. The Eel River plume mixes significantly in the down-stream direction and influences the velocity structure of the shelf flow. Coastline irregularities are important in generating an eddy over the Eel River margin through the establishment of an alongshore pressure gradient. Time series and statistics of the modeled alongshore velocity held show good agreement with observed values at the S60 and G65 ADCP sites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pullen, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 20 IS 16 BP 2213 EP 2238 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00068-6 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 374UH UT WOS:000165362400008 ER PT J AU Davis, BW Moran, PJ Natishan, PM AF Davis, BW Moran, PJ Natishan, PM TI Metastable pitting behavior of aluminum single crystals SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; CORROSION; NUCLEATION; GROWTH AB The metastable pitting behavior of aluminum single crystals (99.999% pure) with orientations of (100), (110) and (111) was followed as a function of potential at potentials below the pitting potential in a deoxygenated 0.6 M NaCl solution. The (111) crystal face exhibited the highest number of metastable events at a given potential. The (100) face showed the second highest number of events, while the (110) had the least number of events. The peak pit currents for the three surfaces were not statistically different in the potential region -0.785 to -0.745 V vs. SCE indicating that the amount of electrochemical charge passed in a breakdown event is independent of orientation. These results are discussed in relation to the nature of the oxide film and the atomic planar densities of the three orientations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20365 USA. RP Davis, BW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2187 EP 2192 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00032-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 374MN UT WOS:000165349100010 ER PT J AU Crucian, GP Hughes, JD Barrett, AM Williamson, DJG Bauer, RM Bowers, D Heilman, KM AF Crucian, GP Hughes, JD Barrett, AM Williamson, DJG Bauer, RM Bowers, D Heilman, KM TI Emotional and physiological responses to false feedback SO CORTEX LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the International-Neuropsychological-Society CY FEB, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Int Neuropsychol Soc DE emotion; visceral feedback; arousal; hemispheric asymmetries; stroke; auditory neglect ID HEMISPHERE-DAMAGED PATIENTS; FACES; NEGLECT; RECOGNITION; ASYMMETRIES; EXPRESSIONS; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION; COMPREHENSION AB The relationship between autonomic-visceral arousal and emotional experience is unclear. The attribution or cognitive-arousal theory of emotional experience posits that emotional experience is dependent on both visceral-autonomic nervous system feedback and the cognitive interpretation of the stimulus that induced this visceral activation. The finding that false cardiac feedback can alter emotional experience suggests that it may be the conscious perception that one is aroused, together with the cognitive interpretation of the stimulus that are important in developing emotional experience. Because the right hemisphere appears to play a special role in modulating arousal and interpreting emotional stimuli, it is possible that right hemisphere damage may interfere with developing the computations needed for emotional experience. To test this hypothesis we exposed men, both neurologically intact and those with right and left hemisphere lesions, to emotionally provocative pictures that were paired with false cardiac feedback, and examined the effects of this false feedback on their ratings of attractiveness of these pictures and their cardiac reactivity to this information. Subjects with left hemisphere damage, but not right hemisphere damage, showed significant changes in their emotional rating whereas control subjects showed marginal reactivity in their emotional ratings. Subjects with left hemisphere damage also showed significant changes in their cardiac reactivity. This finding is consistent with prior reports that indicate, when compared to right hemisphere damaged patients and normal controls, patients with left hemisphere lesions have an increased visceral-autonomic response to stimuli. These findings further provide support for the postulate that it is the cognitive interpretation of perceived physiological arousal together with the cognitive interpretation of the stimulus that is important in the development of emotional judgment and experience. These results do not support the approach-left hemisphere/avoidance-right hemisphere dichotomy, but instead suggest that left hemisphere damage increases reactivity to false feedback, and that the intact right hemisphere function integrates the cognitive interpretation of the emotional information and perceived arousal that lead to that emotional judgment. That these subjects showed no consistent relationship between their measures of cardiac reactivity and their ratings of attractiveness detracts from the James-Lange and attribution theories. These subjects also showed no consistent relationship between their knowledge of affective physiological reactivity and their ratings of attractiveness, or between their knowledge of physiological reactivity and actual measures of cardiac reactivity, suggesting that other neuropsychological factors are involved in making an emotional judgment. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Neurol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Clin & Hlth Psychol Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Serv Neurol, Gainesville, FL USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Crucian, GP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Neurol, POB 100236, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. OI Barrett, A.M./0000-0002-0789-2887 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH48861]; NINDS NIH HHS [K08 NS002085] NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU MASSON DIVISIONE PERIODICI PI MILAN PA VIA FRATELLI BRESSAN 2, 20126 MILAN, ITALY SN 0010-9452 J9 CORTEX JI Cortex PD DEC PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 623 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70542-2 PG 25 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 390DT UT WOS:000166281000002 PM 11195911 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TD AF O'Brien, TD TI Oppositions in 'In Country' SO CRITIQUE-STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY FICTION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0011-1619 J9 CRITIQUE-ST CONTEMP JI Crit.-Stud. Contemp. Fiction PD WIN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Literature SC Literature GA 264YA UT WOS:000084210300005 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Justification of power law canonical distributions based on the generalized central-limit theorem SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A self-consistent thermodynamic framework is presented for power law canonical distributions of the Zipf-Mandelbrot type based on the generalized central-limit theorem by extending the discussion given bg Khinchin for deriving Gibbsian canonical ensemble theory. The thermodynamic Legendre transform structure is invoked in establishing its connection to nonextensive statistical mechanics. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 52 IS 6 BP 610 EP 614 DI 10.1209/epl/i2000-00481-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 386JA UT WOS:000166056500002 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Szeri, AJ Foulks, GP AF Saylor, JR Szeri, AJ Foulks, GP TI Measurement of surfactant properties using a circular capillary wave field SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY-FIELD; MONOLAYER; FILMS AB Measurements of the decay coefficient are presented for three different surfactants as a function of surface concentration. These measurements were obtained using a circular field of capillary waves. Data was purposely obtained close to the center of the tank, where the wave amplitude is large, and meniscus effects are expected to be small. The theory for linear, standing waves in a circular geometry is developed, without the usual assumption \ kr \ >> 1. The surfactants investigated were: stearic acid, oleyl alcohol and hemicyanine. Measurements of the decay coefficient for hemicyanine have not been obtained heretofore. Several intrinsic benefits of the circular geometry are noted. The potential for improved accuracy in the measurement of surfactant properties using this geometry is suggested. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Langley High Sch, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. OI Szeri, Andrew/0000-0003-0407-2645 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD DEC PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 509 EP 518 DI 10.1007/s003480000119 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 383PF UT WOS:000165890800001 ER PT J AU Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Offermann, D AF Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Offermann, D TI Comparison of global distributions of zonal-mean gravity wave variance inferred from different satellite instruments SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; TELESCOPES AB Gravity wave temperature fluctuations acquired by the CRISTA instrument are compared to previous estimates of zonal-mean gravity wave temperature variance inferred from the LIMS, MLS and GPS/MET satellite instruments during northern winter. Careful attention is paid to the range of vertical wavelengths resolved by each instrument. Good agreement between CRISTA data and previously published results from LIMS, MLS and GPS/MET are found. Key latitudinal features in these variances are consistent with previous findings from ground-based measurements and some simple models. We conclude that all four satellite instruments provide reliable global data on zonal-mean gravity wave temperature fluctuations throughout the middle atmosphere. C1 Wuppertal Univ, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Preusse, P (reprint author), Wuppertal Univ, Dept Phys, Gauss Str 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RI Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 23 BP 3877 EP 3880 DI 10.1029/2000GL011916 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 379MQ UT WOS:000165646700030 ER PT J AU Abels, R AF Abels, R TI The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Abels, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD WIN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 2 BP 442 EP 443 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 285FM UT WOS:000085379100060 ER PT J AU Still, KR Briggs, GB Knechtges, P Alexander, WK Wilson, CL AF Still, KR Briggs, GB Knechtges, P Alexander, WK Wilson, CL TI Risk assessment in Navy deployment toxicology SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE deployment toxicology; risk assessment; risk management; master plan; strategies to protect deployed forces AB The risk assessment process is a critical function for deployment toxicology research. It is essential to the decision making process related to establishing risk reduction procedures and for formulating appropriate exposure levels to protect naval personnel from potentially hazardous chemicals in the military that could result in a reduction in readiness operations. These decisions must be based on quality data from well-planned laboratory animal studies that guide the judgements, which result in effective risk characterization and risk management. The process of risk assessment in, deployment toxicology essentially uses the same principles as civilian risk assessment, but adds activities essential to the military mission, including intended and unintended exposure to chemicals and chemical mixtures. Risk assessment and Navy deployment toxicology data are integrated into a systematic and well-planned approach to the organization of scientific information. The purpose of this paper is to outline the analytical framework used to develop strategies to protect the health of deployed Navy forces. C1 USN, Geocenters Inc, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NAMRU2, APO, AP 96520 USA. RP Briggs, GB (reprint author), USN, Geocenters Inc, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1136 DI 10.1080/10807030091124329 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392FF UT WOS:000166399800015 ER PT J AU Chute, JP Saini, A Wells, M Clark, W Wu, A St Louis, D Blair, P Harlan, D Kaushal, S AF Chute, JP Saini, A Wells, M Clark, W Wu, A St Louis, D Blair, P Harlan, D Kaushal, S TI Preincubation with endothelial cell monolayers increases gene transfer efficiency into human bone marrow CD34(+) CD38(-) progenitor cells SO HUMAN GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; EX-VIVO EXPANSION; AMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUS RECEPTOR; IMMUNE-DEFICIENT MICE; CORD BLOOD-CELLS; IN-VITRO; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; GROWTH-FACTORS; MESSENGER-RNA; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS AB Retroviral gene transfer studies targeting bone marrow CD34(+) CD38(-) stem cells have been disappointing because of the rarity of these cells, their G(0) cell cycle status, and their low or absent expression of surface retroviral receptors. In this study, we examined whether preincubation of bone marrow CD34(+) CD38(-) stem cells with a hematopoietically supportive porcine microvascular endothelial cell line (PMVECs) could impact the cell cycle status and expression of retroviral receptors in pluripotent CD34(+) CD38(-) cells and the efficiency of gene transfer into these primitive target cells. PMVEC coculture supplemented with GM-CSF + IL-3 + IL-6 + SCF + Flt-3 ligand induced >93% of the CD34(+) CD38(-) population to enter the G(1) or G(2)/S/M phase while increasing this population from 1.4% on day 0 to 6.5% of the total population by day 5. Liquid cultures supplemented with the identical cytokines induced 73% of the CD34(+) CD38(-) population into cell cycle but did not maintain cells with the CD34(+) CD38(-) phenotype over time. We found no significant increase in the levels of AmphoR or GaLVR mRNA in PMVEC-expanded CD34(+) CD38(-) cells after coculture. Despite this, the efficiency of gene transfer using either amphotropic vector (PA317) or GaLV vector (PG13) was significantly greater in PMVEC-expanded CD34(+) CD38(-) cells (11.4 +/- 5.6 and 10.9 +/- 5.2%, respectively) than in either steady state bone marrow CD34(+) CD38(-) cells (0.6 +/- 1.7 and 0.2 +/- 0.6%, respectively; p<0.01 and p<0.01) or liquid culture-expanded CD34(+) CD38(-) cells (1.4 +/- 3.5 and 0.0%, respectively; p<0.01 and p<0.01). Since PMVEC coculture induces a high level of cell cycling in human bone marrow CD34(+) CD38(-) cells and expands hematopoietic cells capable of in vivo repopulation, this system offers potential advantages for application in clinical gene therapy protocols. C1 USN, NIDDK Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Stem Cell Biol Lab, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Chute, JP (reprint author), USN, NIDDK Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Stem Cell Biol Lab, Med Res Inst, Bldg 46,Room 2417A,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1043-0342 J9 HUM GENE THER JI Hum. Gene Ther. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 18 BP 2515 EP 2528 DI 10.1089/10430340050207993 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 383BU UT WOS:000165863900007 PM 11119422 ER PT J AU Elliot, JL Person, MJ McDonald, SW Buie, MW Dunham, EW Millis, RL Nye, RA Olkin, CB Wasserman, LH Young, LA Hubbard, WB Hill, R Reitsema, HJ Pasachoff, JM McConnochie, TH Babcock, BA Stone, RC Francis, P AF Elliot, JL Person, MJ McDonald, SW Buie, MW Dunham, EW Millis, RL Nye, RA Olkin, CB Wasserman, LH Young, LA Hubbard, WB Hill, R Reitsema, HJ Pasachoff, JM McConnochie, TH Babcock, BA Stone, RC Francis, P TI The prediction and observation of the 1997 July 18 stellar occultation by Triton: More evidence for distortion and increasing pressure in Triton's atmosphere SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Triton; occultations; atmospheres; structure ID MODEL; CANDIDATES; MIGRATION; TELESCOPE; NEPTUNE; CHARON; PLUMES; PLUTO AB A variety of CCD astrometric data was used to predict the location of the path for the occultation of the star we have denoted "Tr176" by Triton, which occurred on 1997 July 18, and was visible from locations in northern Australia and southern North America. A network of fixed and portable telescopes equipped with highspeed photometric equipment was set up to observe the event, with the following observational goals: (i) mapping the central flash (to establish the global shape of Triton's atmosphere at about 20-km altitude by modeling the detailed shape of the central hash), (ii) obtaining one or more Light curves of high signal-to-noise ratio from a large telescope (to accurately determine the thermal structure of Triton's atmosphere), and (iii) obtaining light curves distributed across Triton's disk (to probe the thermal structure of Triton's atmosphere above different areas and to establish the shape of the atmosphere at about 100-km altitude by modeling the half-light surface). Although the large, fixed telescopes proved to be outside of the occultation shadow and observations with some of the portable telescopes were foiled by clouds, light curves were successfully recorded from Brownsville, Texas, and Chillagoe, Queensland. These were combined with data from another group to determine the radius and shape of the half-light surface in Triton's atmosphere and the equivalent-isothermal temperatures at the sub-occultation latitudes on Triton. A circular solution for the half-light surface (projected into Triton's shadow) yielded a radius of 1439 +/- 10 km. However, the data are indicative of a global shape more complex than a sphere. Such. a figure is most likely caused by strong winds. Light-curve models corresponding to the best fitting circular and elliptical atmospheres were fit to the data. The mean pressure at 1400-km radius (48-km altitude) derived from all of the data was 2.23 +/- 0.28 mu bar for the circular model and 2.45 +/- 0.32 mu bar for the elliptical model. These values suggest a global pressure increase at this level since a previous Triton occultation in 1995 August. The mean equivalent-isothermal temperature at 1400 km was 43.6 +/- 3.7 K for the circular model and 42.0 +/- 3.6 K for the elliptical model. Within their (sometimes large) uncertainties, the equivalent-isothermal temperatures agree for all Triton latitudes probed. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ball Aerosp Syst Grp, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Astron, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. USN, Naval Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Elliot, JL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2000 VL 148 IS 2 BP 347 EP 369 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6508 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391EA UT WOS:000166340100003 ER PT J AU Bonifant, WW Richards, MA McClellan, JH AF Bonifant, WW Richards, MA McClellan, JH TI Interferometric height estimation of the seafloor via synthetic aperture sonar in the presence of motion errors SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID PHASE-STABILITY; RADAR; SAR; OCEAN AB An end-to-end simulated processing chain related to an existing synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) system is developed and described, including motion compensation, efficient image formation and autofocus procedures. The processing is extended to include interferometric height estimation capability. It is the goal of the paper to study the application of interferometry to SAS systems in the presence of motion errors. The system is analysed with respect to motion errors and the subsequent damaging effects to both imaging and height estimation. Results using both measured and simulated data are presented. The problem is addressed with respect to both one-pass and two-pass imaging geometries, and it is hypothesised that for slowly varying target height, one-pass SAS interferometry may be a more robust imaging tool than conventional SAS alone. The simulated results suggest that height information is recoverable even in some situations in which the conventional SAS reflectivity image is completely ruined by phase error induced blur. High-resolution SAS imaging coupled with interferometric height estimation for seafloor imaging has military applicability in mine detection or classification and in topographic mapping in preparation for an amphibious assault. Civilian uses would include surveying of objects such as oil pipelines and seabed mapping. C1 Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Appl Lab, Radar Syst Div, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Signal & Image Proc, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bonifant, WW (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 147 IS 6 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20000618 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 395EN UT WOS:000166567100008 ER PT J AU Heckman, DW Baretela, M AF Heckman, DW Baretela, M TI Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyro technology (IFOG) SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Life cycle cost containment of the Strategic Weapons System (SWS), without loss of ultra high performance, is a very important goal of the entire Navy Strategic Systems Program community. Boeing is responding by guiding large advances in the state-of-the-art of fiber optic gyro technology and developing a new associated navigation system. All of the very stringent Strategic Weapons System (SWS) performance, reliability, and maintainability requirements continue to be exceeded by the Electrostatically Supported Gyro Navigator (ESGN). The Electrostatically Supported Gyro (ESG), in production for over 25 years, is the most critical and costly component of the current inertial navigation system. ESGs, however, are extremely expensive to manufacture and repair. Furthermore, the system-level electronic components are difficult to replace because they are rapidly becoming obsolete. The current initiative is focused on containing total ownership costs, especially maintenance costs, without any relaxation of performance, reliability, or maintainability requirements. The key element of this initiative is new gyro technology based on rapidly improving precision Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyro IFOG performance, along with cost reduction of fiber and manufacturing processes. This paper discusses the challenges and the approach currently being taken to further the development of high precision IFOG technology and its associated inertial navigation system for application to the SSBN. C1 Boeing, Elect Syst & Missile Syst, Anaheim, CA USA. USN, Strateg Syst Programs, Washington, DC USA. RP Heckman, DW (reprint author), Boeing, Elect Syst & Missile Syst, Anaheim, CA USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 12 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 384XA UT WOS:000165971000007 ER PT J AU Stilwell, DJ Bishop, BE AF Stilwell, DJ Bishop, BE TI Platoons of underwater vehicles - Communciation, feedback, and decentralized control SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MOBILE-ROBOT C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stilwell, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 118 Maryland Ave,Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 148 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0272-1708 J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 20 IS 6 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 380EL UT WOS:000165686100007 ER PT J AU Currie, M Clark, TR Matthews, PJ AF Currie, M Clark, TR Matthews, PJ TI Photonic analog-to-digital conversion by distributed phase modulation SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analog-digital conversion; optical data processing; photonic sampling; wavelength-division multiplexing ID CONVERTER; PERFORMANCE; AMPLIFIERS; NOISE; LASER AB A photonic analog-to-digital converter with a binary optical output was constructed. The architecture scheme is a pipeline analog-to-digital converter, employing phase modulators and polarization-based optics. The result is a photonic analog signal processor that maps an input analog waveform into a binary output, The operational speed of the conversion is primarily limited by the maximum slew rate of the phase modulators. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1689 EP 1691 DI 10.1109/68.896350 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 397AK UT WOS:000166670600033 ER PT J AU Lou, JW Jepsen, KS Nolan, DA Tarcza, SH Bouton, WJ Evans, AF Islam, MN AF Lou, JW Jepsen, KS Nolan, DA Tarcza, SH Bouton, WJ Evans, AF Islam, MN TI 80 Gb/s to 10 Gb/s polarization-insensitive demultiplexing with circularly polarized spun fiber in a two-wavelength nonlineas optical loop mirror SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE demultiplexing; optical data processing; optical fiber communications; optical fiber devices; optical fibers; optical receivers ID TWISTED FIBER AB We demonstrate the first polarization insensitive demultiplexing of 10-Gb/s channels from 80-Gb/s pseudorandom bit streams using a two-wavelength nonlinear optical loop mirror with circularly polarized spun fiber The polarization sensitivity of the device is reduced to <1 dB for >90% transmission, and bit-error-rate measurements show that the remaining polarization sensitivity leads to a power penalty difference of 1.5 dB. The nonlinear transmission is 91% for a switching energy of 4 pJ/pulse, and the full-width at half-maximum timing window is 9.6 ps, The circularly polarized spun fiber has a lambda (0) of 1541 nm, a length of similar to1 km, and similar to4.1 times higher nonlinearity than that of conventional dispersion-shifted fiber. The spin rate is 16 turns/m and the birefringence is Deltan similar to 1 x 10(-6), corresponding to 25 turns/beat length. C1 Corning Inc, Div Sci & Technol, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Code 5651, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1701 EP 1703 DI 10.1109/68.896354 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 397AK UT WOS:000166670600037 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Yu, Z Dutton, RW Vande Voorde, PJ Cao, M Vook, D AF Ancona, MG Yu, Z Dutton, RW Vande Voorde, PJ Cao, M Vook, D TI Density-gradient analysis of MOS tunneling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE density-gradient theory; gate current; MOS; tunneling ID EQUATION; STATE AB The density-gradient description of quantum transport is applied to the analysis of tunneling phenomena in ultrathin (<25 ) oxide MOS capacitors. Both electron and hole tunneling are included in the one-dimensional (1-D) analysis and two new refinements to density-gradient theory are introduced, one relating to the treatment of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and the other a modification of the tunneling boundary conditions to account for the semiconductor bandgap, Detailed comparisons are made with experimental current-voltage (I-V) data for samples with both n(+) and p(+) polysilicon gates and all of the features of the data are found to be understandable within the density-gradient framework, Besides providing new understanding of these experiments, these results show that the density-gradient approach can be of great value for engineering-oriented device analysis in quantum regimes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Agilent, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. PDF Solut, San Jose, CA USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2310 EP 2319 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 378BN UT WOS:000165561900012 ER PT J AU Pond, JM AF Pond, JM TI Mobius dual-mode resonators and bandpass filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP IEEE, MTT S DE bandpass filters; cavity resonator filters; filters; microwave filters; resonators; topology AB It is shown that a topological surface known as the Mobius strip has applications to electromagnetic resonators and filters. Using identical rectangles to construct a cylindrical loop and a Mobius strip results in the path length of the edge of the Mobius strip being twice the path length of an edge of the cylindrical loop. This path-length advantage is consistent with the electromagnetic analog of a Mobius strip resonating at half the resonant frequency of the electromagnetic analog of the cylindrical loop even though they have the same mean diameter. Dual-mode Mobius resonators have been demonstrated in planar format and as wire-loaded cavities, Two-pole bandpass filters have been constructed using these resonators, It is shown that these bandpass filters possess intrinsic transmission zeros that can be adjusted to enhance filter response. An equivalent circuit, which demonstrates excellent agreement with measured data, is presented and discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2465 EP 2471 DI 10.1109/22.898999 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 397RN UT WOS:000166709500035 ER PT J AU Jagadish, U Britton, CL Ericson, MN Bryan, WL Schwarz, WG Read, ME Kroeger, RA AF Jagadish, U Britton, CL Ericson, MN Bryan, WL Schwarz, WG Read, ME Kroeger, RA TI A preamplifier-shaper-stretcher Integrated Circuit system for use with gernanium strip detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID CMOS PEAK DETECT; HOLD CIRCUIT; SPECTROSCOPY; CHIP AB A 16-channel integrated Circuit readout electronics chip is being developed for use with a germanium strip detector. Such a system will provide superior energy resolution with 2-dimensional imaging in a single instrument that can be used for X-ray imaging and nuclear line gamma-ray spectroscopy. As part of the total ASIC development, prototype ICs of a typical channel have been designed, fabricated and tested. These integrated circuits include a low-noise, variable gain, preamplifier circuit that can detect both positive and negative going input charges, a 4-pole pulse shaper with variable peaking times and a stretcher circuit that can do a peak detect and hold for the different peaking times. The integrated circuits are fabricated in a 1.2 micron n-well CMOS process. The noise performance for this system was measured to be 185erms +14e/pF for a 2 mus peaking time and gain at similar to 200mV/fC. Linearity measurements in both inverting and non-inverting modes of operation were approximately +/-1%. Peaking times from 0.5 microseconds to 8 microseconds and gain adjustments to get up to 400mV/fC per channel were done through digital switching. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Phys Sci Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jagadish, U (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1868 EP 1871 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MG UT WOS:000166991500022 ER PT J AU Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ Lawrence, RK Ma, DI Isaacson, IP Walker, RA AF Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ Lawrence, RK Ma, DI Isaacson, IP Walker, RA TI Hole and electron trapping in ion implanted thermal oxides and SIMOX SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID 100 SILICON; DEVICES; LAYERS; BULK AB Optically assisted methods of injecting either electrons or holes into SiO2 layers were used to determine the effect of ion implantation on charge trapping in oxides, Dry-grown thermal oxides and the buried oxides of material grown by the SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) process were studied, Al, Si, and P ions were implanted into the oxides at doses of 1 x 10(13) to 1 x 10(16) and the oxides were annealed at 700, 900, or 1050 degreesC after implantation. High dose implantations were found to create electron traps having high capture cross sections, the density of which depends on the implant species, suggesting that electron trapping is related to chemical aspects of the implanted ion, This was supported by measurements on an oxide implanted with a large dose of Ar, which showed no increase in electron trapping, It was found that the shift in the flatband voltage resulting from hole trapping Could be reduced by high dose implantations, and that this effect is only weakly dependent on implant species. The hole trapping results are explained in terms of the effect of implantation on the oxide structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Mrstik, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2189 EP 2195 DI 10.1109/23.903752 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300006 ER PT J AU Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Pelloie, JL Buchner, S McMorrow, D Campbell, AB AF Musseau, O Ferlet-Cavrois, V Pelloie, JL Buchner, S McMorrow, D Campbell, AB TI Laser probing of bipolar amplification in 0.25-mu m MOS/SOI transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID SINGLE; TECHNOLOGIES; DEVICES AB The parasitic bipolar amplification in MOS/SOI transistors determines the SEU sensitivity of actual devices. This response is experimentally measured in a set of single transistors using a focused picosecond laser with submicrometer spatial resolution. This technique, validated by comparing the SEU behavior of registers irradiated with both laser and heavy ions, is relevant for both device physics and hardness assurance applications. C1 CEA, DIF, DAM, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CEA, LETI, DTA, Grenoble, France. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Musseau, O (reprint author), CEA, DIF, DAM, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2196 EP 2203 DI 10.1109/23.903753 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300007 ER PT J AU Jenkins, WC Liu, ST AF Jenkins, WC Liu, ST TI Total dose performance at 77K of a radiation hard 0.35 mu m CMOS SOI technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID IONIZING-RADIATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MOSFETS; TRANSISTORS; GENERATION AB This paper is the first demonstration that a 0.35 mum CMOS technology designed to be radiation hard at room temperature is total ionizing dose radiation hard at 77K to 1 Mrd(SiO2). We compare radiation results from 0.35 mum n-FET's irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays at both 77K and 300K. We have demonstrated that interface traps play no appreciable role in the radiation performance of this technology at cryogenic temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Honeywell Solid State Elect Ctr, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. RP Jenkins, WC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2204 EP 2207 DI 10.1109/23.903754 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300008 ER PT J AU Xapsos, MA Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Burke, EA AF Xapsos, MA Barth, JL Stassinopoulos, EG Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Burke, EA TI Characterizing solar proton energy spectra for radiation effects applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID ACCELERATION; SPACE; PARTICLES; EVENTS; SHOCK; MODEL AB The Weibull distribution for smallest values is shown to be a useful description for solar proton event energy spectra. One advantage is its compact analytic expression, which allows easy conversion between differential and integral spectra. Another is its versatility, which is necessary for describing the highly variable spectra of concern. Furthermore, the Weibull distribution appears to be appropriate for use over broad energy ranges extending out to GeV; Examples are shown and comparisons to previously used distributions are made. An especially useful consequence of this approach for radiation effects applications is that it allows both predictive model spectra and observed spectra to be described by the same distribution. This allows spectra to be systematically ranked by severity of radiation damage caused in microelectronics. It further allows observed spectra to be related to predictive model parameters such as confidence levels. These points are demonstrated by evaluating the ionization dose deposited by various spectra in silicon behind aluminun shielding appropriate for spacecraft. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Xapsos, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2218 EP 2223 DI 10.1109/23.903756 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300010 ER PT J AU Buchner, SP Meehan, TJ Campbell, AB Clark, KA McMorrow, D AF Buchner, SP Meehan, TJ Campbell, AB Clark, KA McMorrow, D TI Characterization of single-event upsets in a flash analog-to-digital converter (AD9058) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE AB Single-event upsets were observed in a flash analog-to-digital converter (AD9058) included as part of II radiation effects experiment on board a satellite. The origins of the upsets mere identified using a pulsed laser and confirmed by exposing the AD9058 to both heavy ions and protons at accelerator facilities, The salient result of this work is that the single-event-upset cross-section depends on the value of the analog input but does not appear to depend on clock frequency. Therefore, using a single value for the analog input during ground testing may give an incorrect estimate of the error rate expected during operation in space where the input can vary over the full voltage range. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buchner, SP (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2358 EP 2364 DI 10.1109/23.903777 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300031 ER PT J AU Makihara, A Shindou, H Nemoto, N Kuboyama, S Matsuda, S Oshima, T Hirao, T Itoh, H Buchner, S Campbell, AB AF Makihara, A Shindou, H Nemoto, N Kuboyama, S Matsuda, S Oshima, T Hirao, T Itoh, H Buchner, S Campbell, AB TI Analysis of single-ion multiple-bit upset in high-density DRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID RADIATION AB New types of multiple-bit upset (MBU) modes have been identified in high-density DRAMs (16 Mbit and 64 Mbit). The identification of the mechanisms responsible for the new modes is based on detailed physical bit-map analysis. C1 Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makihara, A (reprint author), Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2400 EP 2404 DI 10.1109/23.903783 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300037 ER PT J AU Zhang, SM Niu, GF Cressler, JD Mathew, SJ Gogineni, U Clark, SD Zampardi, P Pierson, RL AF Zhang, SM Niu, GF Cressler, JD Mathew, SJ Gogineni, U Clark, SD Zampardi, P Pierson, RL TI A comparison of the effects of gamma irradiation on SiGe HBT and GaAsHBT technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP IEEE ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; RADIATION TOLERANCE; PERFORMANCE; LOCATION; TRAPS; RF AB A comparison of the effects of gamma irradiation on Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) and Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) HBT technologies is reported. DC and Radio Frequency (RF) performance as well as the low frequency noise are; investigated for gamma doses up to 1 Mrad(Si). The results indicate that both SiGe and GaAs HBT technologies are tolerant to gamma irradiation. C1 Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Auburn Univ, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2521 EP 2527 DI 10.1109/23.903802 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300056 ER PT J AU Baze, MP Buchner, SP McMorrow, D AF Baze, MP Buchner, SP McMorrow, D TI A digital CMOS design technique for SEU hardening SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE AB A new cell design technique is described which may be used to create SEU hardened circuits. The technique uses actively biased, isolated well transistors to prevent transients in combinational logic from reaching the output node. C1 Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20785 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baze, MP (reprint author), Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 12 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2603 EP 2608 DI 10.1109/23.903815 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300069 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Boos, JB Knudson, AR Buchner, S Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, D Boos, JB Knudson, AR Buchner, S Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Melinger, JS TI Charge-collection characteristics of low-power ultrahigh speed, metamorphic AlSb/InAs high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP IEEE ID GAAS-MESFETS; LOW-VOLTAGE; ALSB; MECHANISMS; INAS; GAP; INP AB Time-resolved charge-collection measurements are performed on AlSb/InAs HEMTs with pulsed laser excitation as a function of device bias conditions and the incident laser pulse energy. The results provide clear evidence for the presence of charge-enhancement processes that, in many ways, are analogous to those observed previously for GaAs FET technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6823, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2662 EP 2668 DI 10.1109/23.903823 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300077 ER PT J AU Marshall, PW Carts, MA Campbell, A McMorrow, D Buchner, S Stewart, R Randall, B Gilbert, B Reed, RA AF Marshall, PW Carts, MA Campbell, A McMorrow, D Buchner, S Stewart, R Randall, B Gilbert, B Reed, RA TI Single event effects in circuit-hardened SiGe HBT logic at Gigabit per second data rates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP IEEE ID BUFFER-LAYER; PULSED-LASER; RADIATION TOLERANCE; PROTON IRRADIATION; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; UHV/CVD; UPSET AB This attempt at circuit level single event effects (SEE) hardening of SiGe HBT logic provides the first reported indication of the level of sensitivity in this important technology. Characterization over data rate up to 3 Gbps and over a broad range of heavy ion LET's provides important clues to upset mechanisms and implications for upset rate predictions. We augment ion test data,vith pulsed laser SEE testing to indicate the sensitive targets within the circuit and to provide insights into the upset mechanism(s). C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM pwmarshall@aol.com NR 22 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2669 EP 2674 DI 10.1109/23.903824 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402MN UT WOS:000166992300078 ER PT J AU Plunkett, SP Wu, ST AF Plunkett, SP Wu, ST TI Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their geoeffectiveness SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coronal ejection; MHD modeling; solar activity; sun-earth connection ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; JANUARY 1997; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; SMM OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR CORONA; FLUX ROPE; EVOLUTION; ENERGY; STORMS; LASCO AB The Sun's activity drives the variability of geospace (i.e., near-earth environment). Observations show that the ejection of plasma from the sun, called coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are the major cause of geomagnetic storms. This global-scale solar dynamical feature of coronal mass ejection was discovered almost three decades ago by the use of space-borne coronagraphs (OSO-7, Skylab/ATM and P78-1). Significant progress has been made in understanding the physical nature of the CMEs. Observations show that these global-scale CMEs have size in the order of a solar radius (similar to6.7 x 10(5) km) near the sun, and each el ent involves a mass of about 10(15) g and an energy comparable to that of a large flare on the order of 10(32) ergs, The radial propagation speeds of CMEs have a wide range from tens to thousands of kilometers per second. Thus, the transit time to near earth's environment [i.e., 1 AU (astronomical unit)] can be as fast as 40 hours to 100 hours. The typical transit time for geoeffective events is similar to 60-80 h [1], This paper consists of two parts. 1) A summary of the observed CMEs from Skylab to the present SOHO will be presented. Special attention will be made to SOHO/LASCO/EIT observations and their characteristics lending to a geoeffective CME. 2) The chronological development of theory and models to interpret the physical nature of this fascinating phenomenon will be reviewed. Finally, an example will be presented to illustrate the geoeffectiveness of the CMEs by using both observation and model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Plunkett, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Code 7667, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1807 EP 1817 DI 10.1109/27.902210 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 403VP UT WOS:000167063400004 ER PT J AU Hickey, TE McVeigh, AL Scott, DA Michielutti, RE Bixby, A Carroll, SA Bourgeois, AL Guerry, P AF Hickey, TE McVeigh, AL Scott, DA Michielutti, RE Bixby, A Carroll, SA Bourgeois, AL Guerry, P TI Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin mediates release of interleukin-8 from intestinal epithelial cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CYCLE ARREST; T-CELLS; PROTEIN; GENES; CLONING; PHASE AB Live cells of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli can induce release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from INT407 cells. Additionally, membrane fractions of C. jejuni 81-176, but not membrane fractions of C, coli strains, can also induce release of IL-8, Membrane preparations from 81-176 mutants defective in any of the three membrane-associated protein subunits of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) were unable to induce IL-8, The presence of the three cdf genes on a shuttle plasmid in trans restored both CDT activity and the ability to release IL-8 to membrane fractions. However, CDT mutations did not affect the ability of 81-176 to induce IL-8 during adherence to or invasion of INT407 cells, When C. jejuni cdt genes were transferred on a shuttle plasmid into a C, coli strain lacking CDT, membrane preparations became positive in both CDT and IL-8 assays. Growth of C,jejuni in physiological levels of sodium deoxycholate released all three CDT proteins, as well as CDT activity and IL-8 activity, from membranes into supernatants. Antibodies against recombinant forms of each of the three CDT subunit proteins neutralized both CDT activity and the activity responsible far IL-8 release, The data suggest that C. jejuni can induce IL-8 release from INT407 cells by two independent mechanisms, one of which requires adherence and/or invasion and the second of which requires CDT. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Walter Reed Forest Glen Anne, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 43 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6535 EP 6541 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.12.6535-6541.2000 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403AH UT WOS:000167020000004 PM 11083762 ER PT J AU Guerry, P Ewing, CP Hickey, TE Prendergast, MM Moran, AP AF Guerry, P Ewing, CP Hickey, TE Prendergast, MM Moran, AP TI Sialylation of lipooligosaccharide cores affects immunogenicity and serum resistance of Campylobacter jejuni SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID; B NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; HEAT-STABLE ANTIGENS; SEROGROUP-B; SIALIC-ACID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE-PRODUCT; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; COLI AB Three genes involved in biosynthesis of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) core of Campylobacter jejuni MSC57360, the type strain of the HS:1 seretype, whose structure mimics GM(2) ganglioside, have been cloned and characterized. Mutation of genes encoding proteins with homology to a sialyl transferase (cstII) and a putative N-acetylmannosamine synthetase (neuC1), part of the biosynthetic pathway of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc), have identical phenotypes. The LOS cores of these mutants display identical changes in electrophoretic mobility, loss of reactivity with cholera toxin (CT), and enhanced immunoreactivity with a hyperimmune polyclonal antiserum generated against whole cells of C. jejuni MSC57360. Loss of sialic acid in the core of the neuC1 mutant was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Mutation of a gene encoding a putative beta -1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (Cgt) resulted in LOS cores intermediate in electrophoretic mobility between that of wild type and the mutants lacking NeuNAc, loss of reactivity with CT, and a reduced immunoreactivity with hyperimmune antiserum, Chemical analyses confirmed the loss of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and the presence of NeuNAc in the cgt mutant. These data suggest that the Cgt enzyme is capable of transferring GalNAc to an acceptor with or without NeuNAc and that the Cst enzyme is capable of transferring NeuNAc to an acceptor with or without GalNAc, A mutant with a nonsialylated LOS core is more sensitive to the bactericidal effects of human sera than the wild type or the mutant lacking GalNAc. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, NMRC, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, NMRC, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU PHS HHS [1 RO1 A143559] NR 53 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6656 EP 6662 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.12.6656-6662.2000 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403AH UT WOS:000167020000020 PM 11083778 ER PT J AU Bordetsky, A Mark, G AF Bordetsky, A Mark, G TI Memory-based feedback controls to support groupware coordination SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groupware; awareness; conventions; feedback control; coordination; intelligent agents; case-based reasoning; organizational memory; collaborative technology ID INFORMATION SEEKING; VOCABULARY PROBLEM; SYSTEM AB In this paper we first present an empirical study of groupware use illustrating problems that users faced with restricted feedback about others' activities. Awareness can aid users in learning interdependencies, and in forming conventions to regulate system use and information-sharing. As a solution to providing awareness, we integrate the framework of organizational memory with intelligent agent technology to provide a coordination mechanism that enables the structuring of awareness events and gives information about the users' feedback control. In the proposed model, feedback control relationships are captured into a multilayered model of organizational memory and transferred to users by agents-facilitators. The approach is based on a system dynamics approach to organizational learning. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Bordetsky, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 18 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 1047-7047 J9 INFORM SYST RES JI Inf. Syst. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 366 EP 385 DI 10.1287/isre.11.4.366.11871 PG 20 WC Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 392AK UT WOS:000166388300003 ER PT J AU Reed, AH Pandey, RB Lavoie, DL AF Reed, AH Pandey, RB Lavoie, DL TI Fractal dimensionality of pore and grain volume of a siliciclastic marine sand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE siliciclastic sand; fractal dimensionality; linear extrapolation ID SIZE AB Three-dimensional (3D) spatial distributions of pore and grain volumes were determined from high-resolution computer tomography (CT) images of resin-impregnated marine sands. Using a linear gradient extrapolation method, cubic three-dimensional samples were constructed from two-dimensional CT images. Image porosity (0.37) was found to be consistent with the estimate of porosity by water weight loss technique (0.36). Scaling of the pore volume (V-p) with the linear size (L), V similar to L-D provides the fractal dimensionalities of the pore volume (D = 2.74 +/- 0.02) and grain volume (D = 2.90 +/- 0.02) typical for sedimentary materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Reed, AH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1555 EP 1559 DI 10.1142/S0129183100001358 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 424QH UT WOS:000168242600007 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T TI Resistance in unsteady flow: Search for an in-line force model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Morison's equation; unsteady flow; wave forces; hydrodynamics ID OSCILLATORY FLOW; NUMBERS AB This paper offers an improvement to the Morison, O'Brien, Johnson and Schaaf (MOJS, 1950) representation of the inline force for a sinusoidally oscillating flow. The modification proposed here consists of the addition of a third term, without the introduction of additional empirical coefficients. The 3-term model is expected to offer greater universality and higher engineering reliability, particularly in the inertia-drag regime where the original MOJS equation fails. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1053-5381 J9 INT J OFFSHORE POLAR JI Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 384AC UT WOS:000165916000002 ER PT J AU Harrison, BF AF Harrison, BF TI An inverse problem in underwater acoustic source localization: robust matched-field processing SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY SOURCE LOCALIZATION; OCEAN ENVIRONMENT AB The model-based technique known as matched-field processing (MFP) has been shown to be effective for underwater source localization. It is well known that MFP can be sensitive to model mismatch and, in particular, environmental parameter mismatch. Therefore, robust MFP methods are required for practical application. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator has been described as such a technique; however, it is computationally intensive and impractical to implement. In this paper, the L-infinity-norm estimator is derived as an efficient approximation to MAP. We demonstrate with simulated data that the performance of the L-infinity-norm estimator is superior to that of MAP as implemented in a manner required for practical application. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Harrison, BF (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Code 2121,Bldg 1320, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1641 EP 1654 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/16/6/303 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 387VN UT WOS:000166142700004 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YZ AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YZ TI Identification, by the intersecting canonical domain method, of the size, shape and depth of a soft body of revolution located within an acoustic waveguide SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID CORRUGATED SURFACE; INVERSE PROBLEMS; SHALLOW-WATER; SCATTERING; REFLECTION; OCEAN AB The Rayleigh hypothesis is employed to solve the forward problem of scattering of a known, arbitrary acoustic wave from a body of revolution immersed in a shallow body of water. The acoustic wavefields obtained in this way are then employed as simulated data for the inverse problem of the determination of the (unknown) size, shape and depth of the immersed body, which is known to be acoustically soft, axisymmetric in shape and located on the vertical axis of a Cartesian reference system within the shallow-water waveguide. This fully 3D inverse problem is solved by the intersecting canonical domain, using multifrequency scattered field data, for two types of body: a non-convex (indented) spindle rind a conical seamount. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Lab Mecan & Acoust, UPR 7051 CNRS, F-13402 Marseille, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1709 EP 1726 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/16/6/308 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 387VN UT WOS:000166142700009 ER PT J AU Weir, GE AF Weir, GE TI Under ice: Waldo Lyon and the development of the Arctic submarine. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Weir, GE (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 2000 VL 91 IS 4 BP 812 EP 814 DI 10.1086/385003 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 414HX UT WOS:000167661700061 ER PT J AU Barlow, JG AF Barlow, JG TI Destined for glory: Dive bombing midway, and the evolution of carrier air power. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Barlow, JG (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD DEC PY 2000 VL 91 IS 4 BP 814 EP 815 DI 10.1086/385004 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 414HX UT WOS:000167661700062 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Kim, H Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB AF Qadri, SB Kim, H Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB TI Transparent conducting films of ZnO-ZrO2: Structure and properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS AB Transparent conducting films comprised of ZnO and ZrO2, with ZrO2 content varying between 0 and 10 wt%, have been deposited using pulsed-laser deposition. These films have resistivities ranging between 5.4x10(-4) and 5.6x10(-2) Omega cm with an optical transparency of more than 85% for the 250-900-nm-wavelength range. For films with ZrO2 content of less than 5 wt %, the hexagonal ZnO structure is observed with Zr substituting at the Zn site. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of these films make them suitable for high-temperature electronic applications. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)05723-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 11 BP 6564 EP 6566 DI 10.1063/1.1320032 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 377TW UT WOS:000165543200065 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Chen, YH AF Viehland, D Chen, YH TI Random-field model for ferroelectric domain dynamics and polarization reversal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; ISING-MODEL; THEORETICAL CONCEPTS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; CERAMICS; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; WALL AB A new concept of polarization reversal and domain dynamics in modified ferroelectrics is presented. Accordingly, clusters with a reversed polarization within ferroelectric domains are nucleated under applied field in the vicinity of random fields around quenched defects. The random fields significantly lower the activation barrier required for nucleation, thus controlling the kinetics of polarization reversal and domain dynamics. In this model, polarization switching occurs by the breakdown of ferroelectric long-range order, through a polar cluster state. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(01)00601-6]. C1 USN, Seasyst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. RP USN, Seasyst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM viehlandD@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 70 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 11 BP 6696 EP 6707 DI 10.1063/1.1325001 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 377TW UT WOS:000165543200088 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Jackson, EM Summers, GP Seabaugh, AC AF Weaver, BD Jackson, EM Summers, GP Seabaugh, AC TI Disorder effects in reduced dimension: Indium-phosphide-based resonant tunneling diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE ROUGHNESS SCATTERING AB Disorder alters the current-voltage characteristics of low-dimensional devices such as resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) differently than conventional electronic devices, because of the increasing importance of quantum effects. There are now enough experimental data, including new measurements presented here, for the basis of a detailed model of radiation effects in RTDs to be developed. A model is presented in which the reduced dimensionality in the density of states of RTDs renders scattering of charge carriers from atomic defects highly effective in removing the carriers from resonance. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)06724-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20875 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Raytheon Syst, Appl Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 11 BP 6951 EP 6953 DI 10.1063/1.1324680 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 377TW UT WOS:000165543200128 ER PT J AU Lillo, RS Parker, EC AF Lillo, RS Parker, EC TI Mixed-gas model for predicting decompression sickness in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diving; hyperbaric; inert gases; mathematical modeling ID INERT-GASES; BUBBLES; RISK; SIMULATION; NITROGEN; KINETICS; DEPTH; DIVES AB A mixed-gas model for rats was developed to further explore the role of different gases in decompression and to provide a global model for possible future evaluation of its usefulness for human prediction. A Hill-equation dose-response model was fitted to over 5,000 rat dives by using the technique of maximum likelihood. These dives used various mixtures of He, N-2, Ar, and O-2 and had times at depth up to 2 h and varied decompression profiles. Results supported past findings, including 1) differences among the gases in decompression risk (He < N-2 < Ar) and exchange rate (He > Ar approximate to N-2), 2) significant decompression risk. of O-2, and 3) increased risk of decompression sickness with heavier animals. New findings included asymmetrical gas exchange with gas washout often unexpectedly faster than uptake. Model success was demonstrated by the relatively small errors land their random scatter) between model predictions and actual incidences. This mixed-gas model for prediction of decompression sickness in rats is the first such model for any animal species that covers such a broad range of gas mixtures and dive profiles. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Biomed Res Dept, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Lillo, RS (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, Biomed Res Dept, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 89 IS 6 BP 2107 EP 2116 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 380YZ UT WOS:000165736400002 PM 11090556 ER PT J AU Rothchild, R Sapse, AM Balkova, A Lown, JW AF Rothchild, R Sapse, AM Balkova, A Lown, JW TI Ab initio calculations on (-)-calicheamicinone and some of its reactions involved in its activation and interaction with DNA SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID POTENT ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS; CALICHEAMICIN; NEOCARZINOSTATIN; ESPERAMICINS; DYNEMICIN; CHEMISTRY AB Ab initio calculations were performed on (-)-calicheamicinone, and on the product (Z or E) of the Michael addition via a reaction with methanethiol. It is found that the sulfur moiety position versus the rest of the molecule is quite flexible. The Michael adduct featuring the carbamate group E to the sulfur moiety is more stable than the Z isomer. The Bergman reaction of the diradical formation is strongly exothermic. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. CUNY, John Jay Coll & Grad Sch, New York, NY 10019 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lown, JW (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADENINE PRESS INC PI GUILDERLAND PA PO BOX 355/340, GUILDERLAND, NY 12084 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 386NR UT WOS:000166068900009 PM 11149517 ER PT J AU Lee, D Pierce, AD Shang, EC AF Lee, D Pierce, AD Shang, EC TI Parabolic equation development in the twentieth century SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Review ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE TREATMENT; ROUGH-SURFACE SCATTERING; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; DEPENDENT BENCHMARK PROBLEMS; LINEARLY ELASTIC SOLIDS; TIME-DOMAIN SOLUTION; WEDGE-SHAPED OCEAN; WAVE-EQUATION; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; SOUND-PROPAGATION AB In the 20th century, an important contribution to the modeling of wave propagation prediction is the Parabolic Equation (PE) approximation method. This did not happen until the last quarter of the century. During that time period, a number of contributions were made in the first 15 years, then, contributions were made continuously until the end of the 20th century. Contributions to the PE method are still going on. During the second half of the 1970 when the PE was introduced to the field of underwater acoustics, its main purpose was to predict long-range, low-frequency acoustic propagations under range-dependent environments in fluid medium; thus, there were a number of limitations. As time progresses these limitations were somewhat relaxed a great deal gradually due to many useful contributions. Up to this date, all contributions are aimed at the enhancement of the capability of the PE method. A few review papers of the PE have been presented in open archived literatures. This paper gives a complete survey of what has been done from the start until the end of 1999. Contributions up to the year 1994 were already reported in some detail in archived literatures; those contributions will be outlined. Surveying the contributions from 1995 to 1999 is a new addition to the already published survey papers. In recent years, the PE method has been used for many real applications; some results are included in this paper. A discussion will be given at the end of this paper on looking ahead how much more the PE can do in order to stimulate future research, development, and applications. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, D (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 2158, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 283 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X EI 1793-6489 J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 8 IS 4 BP 527 EP 637 DI 10.1016/S0218-396X(00)00038-8 PG 111 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 391NK UT WOS:000166361900001 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Culbertson, JC Moore, WJ AF Bracker, AS Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Culbertson, JC Moore, WJ TI Surface reconstruction phase diagrams for InAs, AlSb, and GaSb SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; gallium antimonide; aluminum antimonide; indium arsenide; surface reconstruction ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ARSENIC INCORPORATION KINETICS; 100 GAAS SURFACES; GROWTH; GAAS(001); AS4; HOMOEPITAXY; TRANSITION; ADSORPTION; DEPENDENCE AB We present experimental flux-temperature phase diagrams for surface reconstruction transitions on the 6.1 Angstrom compound semiconductors. The phase transitions occur within or near typical substrate temperature ranges for growth of these materials by molecular beam epitaxy and therefore provide a convenient temperature standard for optimizing growth conditions. Phase boundaries for InAs (001) [(2 x 4) --> (4 x 2)], AlSb (001) [c(4 x 4) --> (1 x 3)], and GaSb (001) [(2 x 5) --> (1 x 3)] are presented as a function of substrate temperature and Group V-limited growth rate (proportional to flux), for both cracked and uncracked Group V species. We discuss differences between materials in the slopes and offsets of the phase boundaries for both types of Group V species. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6876,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 39 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2000 VL 220 IS 4 BP 384 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00871-X PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 384QZ UT WOS:000165957500007 ER PT J AU Doud, CW Phillips, TW AF Doud, CW Phillips, TW TI Activity of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in and around flour mills SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indian meal moth; stored-products; fumigation; methyl bromide ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; SEX PHEROMONE; ALMOND MOTH AB Studies were conducted at two hem mills where male Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), were captured using pheromone-baited traps. Objectives were to determine the distribution of male P. interpunctella at different locations in and around the mills throughout the season, and to monitor moth activity before and after one of the mills was fumigated with methyl bromide to assess efficacy of treatment. Commercially available sticky traps baited with the P. interpunctella sex pheromone were placed at various locations outside and within the larger of the two mills (mill I). Moths were captured inside mill 1 after methyl bromide fumigations. The highest numbers of P. interpunctella were caught outside the facility and at ground floor locations near outside openings. Additional traps placed in the rooms above the concrete stored-wheat silos at mill 1 during the second year captured more moths than did traps within the mill's production and warehouse areas. In another study, moths were trapped at various distances hem a smaller flour mill (mill 2) to determine the distribution of moths outdoors relative to the mill. There was a negative correlation between moth capture and distance from the facility, which suggested that moth activity was concentrated at or near the flour mill. The effectiveness of the methyl bromide fumigations in suppressing moth populations could not be assessed with certainty because moths captured after fumigation may have immigrated from outside through opened lending bay warehouse doors. This study documents high levels of P. interpunctella outdoors relative to those recorded inside a food processing facility. Potential for immigration of P. interpunctella into flour mills and other stored product facilities from other sources may be greater than previously recognized. Moth entry into a food processing facility after fumigation is a problem that should be addressed by pest managers. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Phillips, TW (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, POB 43, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 14 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1842 EP 1847 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 386FD UT WOS:000166049400040 PM 11142321 ER PT J AU Friedman, PD Katz, J AF Friedman, PD Katz, J TI Rise height for negatively buoyant fountains and depth of penetration for negatively buoyant jets impinging an interface SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT AB A vertical jet or fountain, whose velocity is opposite to the direction of its buoyant force, reverses direction Lifter reaching a maximum penetration depth. This penetration depth is measured from the jet exit or, if present, the location of the the undisturbed interface. This paper shows that the penetration depth is only a function of a Richardson number divided by a jet spreading factor If no interface is present, the spreading factor is one; otherwise the spreading factor is only a function of distance bent een the jet exit and the interface, As long as the jet is fully turbulent, the penetration depth is independent of Reynolds and Weber numbers. These trends are applicable to a broad range of fluid systems including air jets impacting liquids as well as miscible and immiscible liquid-liquid systems with only slight density differences. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Friedman, PD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 779 EP 782 DI 10.1115/1.1311786 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NG UT WOS:000167106200021 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Lepping, RP Burlaga, LF DeForest, CE Larson, DE Martin, SF Plunkett, SP Rust, DM AF Webb, DF Lepping, RP Burlaga, LF DeForest, CE Larson, DE Martin, SF Plunkett, SP Rust, DM TI The origin and development of the May 1997 magnetic cloud SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; WIND SPACECRAFT; JANUARY 1997; FIELDS; PLASMA; LASCO; LOOP AB A complete halo coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed by the SOHO Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) coronagraphs on May 12, 1997. It was associated with activity near Sun center, implying that it was aimed earthward. Three days later on May 15 an interplanetary shock and magnetic cloud/flux rope transient was detected at the Wind spacecraft 190 R-E upstream of Earth. The long enduring southward magnetic fields associated with these structures triggered a geomagnetic storm. The CME was associated with a small coronal arcade that formed over a filament eruption with expanding double ribbons in Ha emission. The flare was accompanied by a circular EUV wave, and the arcade was flanked by adjacent dimming regions. We surmise that these latter regions marked the feet of a flux rope that expanded earthward into the solar wind and was observed as the magnetic cloud at Wind. To test this hypothesis we determined key parameters of the solar structures on May 12 and compared them with the modeled flux rope parameters at Wind on May 15. The measurements are consistent with the flux rope originating in a large coronal structure linked to the erupting filament, with the opposite-polarity feet of: the rope terminating in the depleted regions. However, bidirectional electron streaming was not observed within the cloud itself, suggesting that there is not always a good correspondence between such flows and ejecta. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Helio Res Inc, La Crescenta, CA 91214 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. AFRL, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 28 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A12 BP 27251 EP 27259 DI 10.1029/2000JA000021 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386BL UT WOS:000166040200014 ER PT J AU Dao, KD Shin, AY Berger, RA AF Dao, KD Shin, AY Berger, RA TI T incision for exposure of the distal radius and wrist SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-BRITISH AND EUROPEAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID SURGERY; BREAST AB A retrospective review of 66 T-shaped incisions for exposure of the dorsal distal radius and wrist was performed. The incision provided excellent exposure in all cases and no additional incisions were required. Cosmesis was considered acceptable by all patients. Complications occurred in 6% and were more likely in patients undergoing fixation of acute distal radius fractures using Kirschner wires which protruded through the skin flaps. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Dao, KD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0266-7681 J9 J HAND SURG-BRIT EUR JI J. Hand Surg.-Br. Eur. Vol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 25B IS 6 BP 544 EP 547 DI 10.1054/jhsb.2000.0449 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 384GG UT WOS:000165934000004 PM 11106515 ER PT J AU King, ML Dracup, KA Fonarow, GC Woo, MA AF King, ML Dracup, KA Fonarow, GC Woo, MA TI The hemodynamic effects of isotonic exercise using hand-held weights in patients with heart failure SO JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE RESPONSE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; ISOMETRIC-EXERCISE; CARDIAC PATIENTS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; STRENGTH; TRANSPLANTATION; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION AB Background: Controversy surrounds the use of resistance exercise in patients with heart failure because of concerns that increases in rate-pressure product and systemic vascular resistance might lead to increased afterload and decreased cardiac output. Methods: Following pharmacologic left ventricular unloading therapy using a pulmonary artery catheter, 34 patients with advanced heart failure performed isotonic weightlifting exercise at 50%, 65%, and 80% of the calculated one repetition maximum. Measurements were made of hemodynamics, ST segment, rate-pressure product, serum norepinephrine, rating of perceived exertion, and dysrhythmias following each exercise set. Results: Repeated analysis of variance showed significant increases in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0005), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01), rate-pressure product (p = 0.005); serum norepinephrine (p = 0.004), and rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.0005). However, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, the incidence of dysrhythmias, and ST segments did not significantly differ from baseline. No patients experienced angina or dyspnea during the study. Conclusions: Isotonic exercise using hand-held weights was well tolerated hemodynamically and clinically, and no patients experienced adverse outcomes during exercise. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cardiomyopathy Ctr, Sch Nursing & Med & Ahmanson, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP King, ML (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1053-2498 J9 J HEART LUNG TRANSPL JI J. Heart Lung Transplant. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1209 EP 1218 DI 10.1016/S1053-2498(00)00208-4 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery; Transplantation SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery; Transplantation GA 384FE UT WOS:000165931500008 PM 11124492 ER PT J AU Rabbany, SY Lane, WJ Marganski, WA Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS AF Rabbany, SY Lane, WJ Marganski, WA Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS TI Trace detection of explosives using a membrane-based displacement immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; explosives; RDX; TNT; flow immunosensor; immobilized IgG ID FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; TNT; RDX AB A compact membrane-based displacement immunoassay has been designed for rapid detection of explosive compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) at high femtomole levels. The system consists of activated porous membranes, onto which either TNT or RDX antibodies are immobilized, that are inserted into microreactor columns, incorporated into a flow system. The assay is prepared by saturating the immobilized antibody binding sites with labeled antigen. Target analyte is introduced upstream of the microreactor, while the displacement of labeled antigen is monitored downstream using a fluorometer. The concentration of displaced labeled antigen detected is proportional to the concentration of the target analyte introduced into the system. This system provides a reusable and reagentless sensor, suitable for continuous monitoring of explosives, with an operating lifetime of over 50 positive samples. Multiple assays were performed in approximately 5 min at different flow rates, using membranes saturated with varying antibody concentrations. The membrane-based format exhibited a detection limit of approximately 450 fmol for TNT and RDX (100 mul of 1 ng/ml solution) in laboratory samples. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hofstra Univ, Bioengn Program, New York, NY 11549 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabbany, SY (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, Bioengn Program, 104 Weed Hall, New York, NY 11549 USA. RI Lane, William/C-3438-2009 NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00301-X PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 380JW UT WOS:000165699300007 PM 11121548 ER PT J AU Anderson, WT Jackel, J Chang, GK Dai, HX Xin, W Goodman, M Allyn, C Alvarez, M Clarke, O Gottlieb, A Kleytman, F Morreale, J Nichols, V Tzathas, A Vora, R Mercer, L Dardy, H Renaud, E Williard, L Perreault, J McFarland, R Gibbons, T AF Anderson, WT Jackel, J Chang, GK Dai, HX Xin, W Goodman, M Allyn, C Alvarez, M Clarke, O Gottlieb, A Kleytman, F Morreale, J Nichols, V Tzathas, A Vora, R Mercer, L Dardy, H Renaud, E Williard, L Perreault, J McFarland, R Gibbons, T TI The MONET project - A final report SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE optical communication; reconfigurable networks; transparent networks; wavelength division multiplexing AB The MONET project ended in November 1999, Over the five year duration of this project, many significant advances were made in optical networking architectures, components, subsystems, systems, and network demonstrations, In this paper, we report on the major accomplishment of the last year of the MONET project, which was the completion and operation of a transparent, reconfigurable optical network in Washington, DC, This paper describes the network and summarizes experimental results achieved in the first months of operation. C1 Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Natl Secur Agcy Lab Telecommun Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USC, Informat Sci Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Anderson, WT (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1988 EP 2009 DI 10.1109/50.908813 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 410JZ UT WOS:000167438000036 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME AF Nissen, ME TI An experiment to assess the performance of a redesign knowledge system SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE business process reengineering; expert systems; knowledge systems; process redesign ID EXPERT-SYSTEM; BUSINESS; AUTOMATION AB Today, a second generation of computer-based reengineering tools employs knowledge systems technology to automate and support key intellectual activities required for effective process redesign. But a central question remains as to the effectiveness of redesign through such knowledge systems. The research described in this paper is focused on testing the effectiveness of knowledge-based, process-redesign systems. We employ one such system, called "KOPeR-lite," as a platform for experimentation to assess the relative efficacy of redesigns generated by computer versus those developed by people. In this sense, we conduct a modified Turing Test to compare redesign performance of reengineering analysts with that of the knowledge system. KOPeR-lite performs comparatively well in certain respects, but human subjects outperform the machine in others. The results provide evidence to support claims of redesign efficacy through knowledge systems, and they offer insight into the relative strengths and weaknesses of people and software applications in the reengineering domain. This study further opens up new lines of research and highlights implications for process redesign and practice, including issues associated with leading adoption of knowledge system technology and extension of redesign automation systems such as KOPeR-lite. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RI Fettke, Peter/E-9691-2010 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 6 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0742-1222 J9 J MANAGE INFORM SYST JI J. Manage. Inform. Syst. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 3 BP 25 EP 43 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 400FU UT WOS:000166862200003 ER PT J AU Harvey, DP Bonenberger, RJ AF Harvey, DP Bonenberger, RJ TI Influence of flow stress on damage accumulation in 1100 aluminum subjected to cyclic straining SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE; STEEL C1 USN, Multifunct Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Harvey, DP (reprint author), USN, Multifunct Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 24 BP 2189 EP 2192 DI 10.1023/A:1006731615027 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 391MJ UT WOS:000166359500007 ER PT J AU Stamm, H Holzwarth, U Lakestani, F Valiev, R Provenzano, V Volcan, A AF Stamm, H Holzwarth, U Lakestani, F Valiev, R Provenzano, V Volcan, A TI Thermomechanical characteristics of the low activation materials chromium and Cr center dot 5Fe center dot 1Y(2)O(3) alloy SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-9) CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, Argoone Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Amer Nucl Soc, Min Met & Mat Soc AB Recent results of studies of basic physical and mechanical properties of sintered high purity chromium and a sintered Cr . 5Fe . 1Y(2)O(3) ahoy are presented. The materials were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 900 degreesC and characterized by tensile testing, measurements of thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, and heat capacity, complemented by metallography and fractography. The results are discussed with regard to transient thermal loading faced by first wall structures. In order to overcome the problem of brittleness and lack of ductility at low temperatures, preliminary results on the effect of microstructure refinement by severe plastic deformation are presented. These results indicate that the strength of pure chromium can be appreciably increased, and the brittleness may be reduced, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stamm, H (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Via Fermi 1,Ed 20i,TP-202, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 283 BP 597 EP 601 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00110-0 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 383HT UT WOS:000165877600110 ER PT J AU Hourani, L Hilton, S AF Hourani, L Hilton, S TI Occupational and environmental exposure correlates of adverse live-birth outcomes among 1032 US navy women SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; PREVALENCE RATE RATIOS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; LEAD-EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PRETERM DELIVERY; WEIGHT; RISK AB The integration of women into non-traditional military occupations raises questions concerning the impact of such jobs on women's reproductive health. This study examines the extent to which US Navy women in - their reproductive years report exposures to potential occupational and environmental hazards, and the degree to which such expos(res are associated with self-reported adverse live-birth outcomes. Data from a survey of pregnant Navy women provided both maternal and paternal exposure information on more than 1000 active-duty women. Self-reported exposures to heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products, and other chemicals were associated with adverse live-bit-th outcomes at the bivariate level. Only a father's exposure to pesticides at work predicted an adverse live-birth outcome (preterm delivery) in multivariate models. Maternal occupational exposures nay exert their influence through maternal health and/or pregnancy complications and may act as mediators of health-reproductive outcome relationships. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, L (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1156 EP 1165 DI 10.1097/00043764-200012000-00006 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 383HC UT WOS:000165876200006 PM 11125678 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Kurur, S Kunwar, AC Sarma, AVS Vairamani, M Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Kurur, S Kunwar, AC Sarma, AVS Vairamani, M Karle, IL TI Channel-forming, self-assembling, bishelical amphiphilic peptides: design, synthesis and crystal structure of Py(Aib(n))(2), n=2, 3, 4 SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amyl acetate encapsulation; ethyl acetate encapsulation; hydrophobic channels; tetrameric assembly; pyridine scaffold; 3(10)-helices ID SOLID-STATE; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; ION CHANNELS; NANOTUBES; COMPLEX AB The design, synthesis, characterization and self-assembling properties of a new class of amphiphilic peptides, constructed from a bifunctional polar core attached to totally hydrophobic arms, are presented. The first series of this class, represented by the general structure Py(Aib(n))(2) (Py=2,6-pyridine dicarbonyl unit; Aib=alpha, alpha'-dimethyl glycine; n=1-4), is prepared in a single step by the condensation of commercially available 2,6-pyridine dicarbonyl dichloride with the methyl ester of homo oligoAib peptide (Aib(n)-OMe) in the presence of triethyl amine. H-1 NMR VT and ROESY studies indicated the presence of a common structural feature of 2-fold symmetry and an NH...N hydrogen bond for all the members. Whereas the Aib3 segment in Py(Aib3)(2) showed only the onset of a 3(10)-helical structure, the presence of a well-formed 3(10)-helix in both Aib4 arms of Py(Aib4)(2) was evident in the H-1 NMR of the bispeptide. X-ray crystallographic studies have shown that in the solid state, whereas Py(Aib2)(2) molecules organize into a sheet-like structure and Py(Aib3)(2) molecules form a double-stranded string assembly, the tetra Aib bispeptide, Py(Aib4)(2), is organized to form a tetrameric assembly which in turn extends into a continuous channel-like structure. The channel is totally hydrophobic in the interior and can selectively encapsulate lipophilic ester (CH3COOR, R=C2H5. C5H11) molecules, as shown by the crystal structures of the encapsulating channel. The crystal structure parameters are: Ib, Py(Aib2)2, C25H37N5O8 sp Sr. P2(1)2(1)2(1), a=9.170(1) Angstrom b=16.215(2) Angstrom c=20.091(3) Angstrom, R=4.80; 1c, Py(Aib3)(2), C33H51N7O10.H2O, sp Sr. P (1) over bar, a=11.040(1) Angstrom, b=12.367(1) Angstrom, c=16.959(1) Angstrom, alpha =102.41 degrees, beta =97.29 degrees, gamma =110.83 degrees, R-1=6.94; 1 da, Py(Aib4)(2).et ac, C41H65N9O12.1.5H(2)O .C4H8O2, sp. gr. P (1) over bar, a=16.064(4) Angstrom, b=16.156 Angstrom, c=21.655(5) Angstrom, alpha =90.14(1)degrees, beta =101.38(2)degrees, gamma =97.07(1)degrees, Z=4, R-1=9.03; 1db, Py(Aib4)(2) amylac, C41H65N9O12.H2O .C7H14O2, P2(1)/c, a=16.890(1) Angstrom, b=17.523(1) Angstrom, c=20.411(1) Angstrom, beta =98.18 degrees. Z=4, R=11.1 (with disorder). C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6 BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2000.00784.x PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 384GK UT WOS:000165934300011 PM 11152301 ER PT J AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Williams, EG AF Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Williams, EG TI On a novel application of the Helmholtz integral in the development of a virtual sonar SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A novel application of the Helmholtz integral is presented in the development of a virtual sonar. Given total pressure and normal velocity information over the surface of a structure which has been excited both by incident fields as well as interior noise sources, when the Helmholtz integral is evaluated at field points located within the surface of the structure (using the free-space Green's function characteristic of the exterior medium), only the incident field remains. Therefore, it is possible to remove the effects of both scattering (due to incident excitation) and radiation (due to interior noise sources) throughout a ''virtual'' volumetric sonar array projected within the structure. This approach will be discussed and demonstrated using numerical results based on finite element simulations. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00112-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20785 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 108 IS 6 BP 2823 EP 2828 DI 10.1121/1.1320470 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 381TV UT WOS:000165780300014 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Skelton, H AF Smith, KJ Skelton, H TI Histopathologic features seen in Gianotti-Crosti syndrome secondary to Epstein-Barr virus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; DISEASE AB Background: Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) or infantile papular acrodermatitis presents as a symmetric erythematous lichenoid papular and papulovesicular eruption of the face, extremities, and buttocks, usually occurring in young children. GCS has been associated with hepatitis B and enteroviruses, as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and, rarely, cytomegalovirus. Objective: The purpose of this study was to use immunohistochemical studies to determine the pattern of the lymphoid infiltrate and evidence for viral antigens in cases of EBV-associated GCS. Methods: Routine histologic and immunohistochemical stains were evaluated in 3 patients with typical GCS. All 3 patients showed serologic evidence of an acute EBV infection. The immunohistochemical studies included monoclonal antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, TIA, S-100 protein, KP-1, EBV latent membrane antigen-1, and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-2. Results: All biopsy specimens showed minimal epidermal spongiosis with marked papillary dermal edema. The associated inflammatory infiltrate showed a mixed mononuclear cell infiltrate with rare eosinophils. Immunohistochemical stains for latent membrane antigen-1 and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-2 were negative for EBV The majority of mononuclear cells showed membrane staining for CD3, 30% to 40% of the CD3 mononuclear cells showed positive staining for CD4, and 50% to 60% showed positive staining with CD8. TIA(+) cells appeared to correspond to the CD8(+) cells. Conclusion: Although papillary dermal edema has been reported within the spectrum of histologic findings in GCS, it was marked and a consistent finding in the 3 cases in which EBV was the mast likely etiologic agent. The presence of large numbers of cytotoxic T cells in the inflammatory infiltrate may have accentuated this histologic finding and may be a relatively distinctive histologic finding with; GCS associated with EBV. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1079 DI 10.1067/mjd.2000.109289 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 380KB UT WOS:000165700000014 PM 11100026 ER PT J AU Jessen, TL Bender, BA Greenhut, VA AF Jessen, TL Bender, BA Greenhut, VA TI Effect of bridged boron nitride coatings on the flexure behavior of a unidirectional ceramic-fiber ceramic-matrix composite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A series of 50 vol/% unidirectional Nicalon (TM) fiber/zirconiun titanate matrix composites were fabricated by alkoxide infiltration of the fiber tows, The fibers had a thin, amorphous boron nitride coating that was either heavily or lightly bridged. The bridged coatings were a result of localized excess boron nitride deposits and had the effect of binding adjacent fibers at boron nitride nodules during the immersion process. The resultant composites contained matrix-rich ribbons, which exhibited laminate-like mechanical behavior reported previously. Highest strength was obtained when the composites were loaded parallel to the ribbon orientation, and highest toughness (WOF) was obtained when the composites were loaded perpendicular to the ribbons. The ribbon orientation had a more pronounced effect on composite behavior than the presence or lack of bridging boron nitride nodules, However, the bridging nodules altered the relative orientation of the matrix-rich ribbons during fabrication and, thus, the direction of optimal strength or toughness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08895 USA. RP Jessen, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 83 IS 12 BP 3231 EP 3233 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 381DD UT WOS:000165746300058 ER PT J AU Smith, CV Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seay, T Kane, C Foley, J Thrasher, JB Kusuda, L Moul, JW AF Smith, CV Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seay, T Kane, C Foley, J Thrasher, JB Kusuda, L Moul, JW TI Prostate cancer in men age 50 years or younger: A review of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research multicenter prostate cancer database SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE prostatic neoplasms; therapeutics; prostatectomy; age factors ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; RECURRENCE; ANTIGEN; STAGE; LESS; OLD; PROGNOSIS; THERAPY AB Purpose: Prostate cancer in men age 50 years or younger traditionally has accounted for approximately 1% of those diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prior studies of prostate cancer in men of this age led many clinicians to believe that they have a less favorable outcome than older men. Most of these studies were conducted before the advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening programs. We evaluated a surgically treated cohort of men age 50 years or younger to determine whether disease recurred more frequently among them than in those 51 to 69 years old in the PSA era. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 477 men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 1997. Age, ethnicity, preoperative PSA, clinical and pathological stage, margin and seminal vesicle involvement, and recurrence were compared between 79 men age 50 years or younger (study group) and 398, 51 to 69 years old (comparison group). Disease-free survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression techniques. Results: There were 6 (7.6%) recurrences in the study group (79) and 107 (26.9%) in the comparison group (398), The disease-free survival curves were significantly different (log-rank p = 0.010). Age remained a significant prognostic factor (Wald p = 0.033) in multivariate Cox regression analyses that controlled for race, clinical and pathological stage, and pretreatment PSA. Similar results were found when the comparison group was limited to 116 patients 51 to 59 years old (log-rank p = 0.034, Wald p = 0.069). Conclusions: These data suggest that patients in the PSA era who underwent radical prostatectomy and were age 50 years or younger have a more favorable disease-free outcome compared to older men. C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Lackland, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1964 EP 1967 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66929-7 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 372KJ UT WOS:000165232600028 PM 11061892 ER PT J AU Gagne, PJ Martinez, J DeMassi, R Gregory, R Parent, FN Gayle, R Meier, GH Philput, C AF Gagne, PJ Martinez, J DeMassi, R Gregory, R Parent, FN Gayle, R Meier, GH Philput, C TI The effect of a venous anastomosis Tyrell vein collar on the primary patency of arteriovenous grafts in patients undergoing hemodialysis SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Southern-Association-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JAN 27-30, 1999 CL NAPLES, FLORIDA SP So Assoc Vasc Surg ID POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE GRAFTS; INTIMAL HYPERPLASIA; MISMATCH; ISCHEMIA AB Purpose: Vein collars and patches are used at the distal anastomoses of infrainguinal prosthetic grafts to improve graft patency. We initiated a randomized, prospective study to determine whether a Tyrell vein collar at the venous anastomosis of forearm loop arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) would improve patency. Methods: Patients who required new forearm AVGs were randomized to (1) a standard end-to-side graft-vein anastomosis (control group) or (2) a Tyrell vein collar between the graft and the vein (study group). End points were (1) graft thrombosis, (2) graft removal and ligation, or (3) inadequate graft function. Randomization of 75 subjects was planned. The study was terminated early for ethical reasons. Results: Seventeen patients (eight men, nine women) with a mean age of 52.8 years (range, 31-79 years) had 17 grafts placed (control group, n = 10; study group, n = 7). Comorbidities were not different between the groups (P > .05). Six (86%) of seven study grafts failed by 9 months (mean, 4.6months). Four (66%) failed study grafts had venous outflow tract stenosis from intimal hyperplasia. This was confirmed at surgery in three and by angiography in one. The 9-month primary patency was 80% for the control group versus 17% for the study group (P = .015). Smaller outflow vein diameter in the study group (P = .048) did not account for this inferior graft patency. Conclusion: A Tyrell vein collar at the venous anastomosis of a forearm AVG resulted in premature graft failure. The use of a Tyrell vein collar may accelerate venous anastomosis intimal hyperplasia. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Norfolk Surg Grp, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Gagne, PJ (reprint author), NYU, Med Ctr, 530 1st Ave,Suite 6F, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1154 DI 10.1067/mva.2000.109204 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 382VE UT WOS:000165847400022 PM 11107087 ER PT J AU Achee, NL Korves, CT Bangs, MJ Rejmankova, E Lege, M Curtin, D Lenares, H Alonzo, Y Andre, RG Roberts, DR AF Achee, NL Korves, CT Bangs, MJ Rejmankova, E Lege, M Curtin, D Lenares, H Alonzo, Y Andre, RG Roberts, DR TI Plasmodium vivax polymorphs and Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in Anopheles (Diptera : Culicidae) from Belize, Central America SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; Plasmodium falciparum; Anopheles mosquitoes; circumsporozoite protein ELISA; Belize ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; RESTING BEHAVIOR; FIELD-EVALUATION; SOUTHERN MEXICO; ALBIMANUS; CHIAPAS; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; VECTOR AB Eight species of Anopheles mosquitoes from indoor/outdoor human landing collections in Belize, Central America, were examined for human Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 14 of 9,104 females tested were positive from general surveys throughout Belize and three of 11.966 were positive from a longitudinal study in Caledonia, northern Belize. ELISA results, using pooled head-thorax preparations and species-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium falciparum and two Plasmodium vivax polymorphs (210 and VK247), found four species reactive: Anopheles vestitipennis (3 pools), Anopheles darlingi (2 pools), Anopheles albimanus (10 pools), and Anopheles gabaldoni (2 pools). The minimum field infection rates (MFIR) for combined Plasmodium species from the general survey were 0.282% for An. vestitipennis, 0.271% for An. darlingi, 0.126% for An. albimanus, and 0.395% for An. gabaldoni. MFIRs for combined Plasmodium species from the longitudinal study in the village of Caledonia were 0.018% for both An. vestitipennis and An. albimanus and 1.66% for An. gabaldoni. Positive CSP pools were collected from the Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, and Toledo political districts. No CSP positive pools were detected from collections in the Belize District. The study provides valuable information on the spatial distribution and species type of Plasmodium positive mosquitoes. This information, in combination with other vector data, suggest that An. vestitipennis and An. darlingi are commonly involved in malaria transmission. Additionally, these species appear to be much more efficient vectors than An. albimanus in Belize. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Minist Hlth, Vector Control Programme, Belize, Belize. RP Achee, NL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 398KD UT WOS:000166754900008 PM 11217218 ER PT J AU Olsen, EA AF Olsen, EA TI US naval strategy toward Northeast Asia: Past, present, and futures SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB The history of the United States' role in Asian affairs bears a distinct maritime and naval legacy. In turn, that history contributed significantly to the emergence of a US naval tradition. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th countries these two facets interacted in momentous ways, transforming the United States into a Pacific power. US strategy toward the region throughout the Second World War, the Cold War, and today's post-Cold War era has been markedly maritime in nature, despite the prominence of two major land wars in Korea and Vietnam. Although the post-Cold War era has broadened US security policy in sometimes policy in sometimes controversial ways, and the US Navy has adapted to these changes, the Asia-Pacific region has not shed its maritime character. While part of larger global shifts, US policies toward its two Northeast Asian allies in Japan and South Korea- with China looming in the background-have retained echoes of the former Cold War and harbored hints of a potential new Cold War. There are heightened prospects for US-ROK, US-Japan, and ROK-Japan naval cooperation. However, those prospects are influenced by the chances for ROK-DPRK tension reduction (perhaps leading to unification) and by shifting priorities within the evolving defense policies of the US, Japan, the ROK, and the PKC. If the three Asian states pursue relatively bold and innovative security policies, it could have serious consequences for the conventional wisdom regarding US policy in Asia. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Olsen, EA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 183 EP 206 PG 24 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 411CY UT WOS:000167481600009 ER PT J AU Hawkens, ER AF Hawkens, ER TI The exhaustion component of the Mindes justiciability test is not laid to rest by Darby v. Cisneros SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 US Dept Justice, Civil Div, Apellate Staff, Washington, DC 20530 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hawkens, ER (reprint author), US Dept Justice, Civil Div, Apellate Staff, Washington, DC 20530 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 67 EP 92 PG 26 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700003 ER PT J AU Borch, FL AF Borch, FL TI Embracing defeat: Japan in the wake of World War II SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Borch, FL (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700011 ER PT J AU Conrad, RA AF Conrad, RA TI Rattling the cage: Toward legal rights for animals SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Conrad, RA (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 226 EP 233 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700014 ER PT J AU Yost, KA Washburn, AR AF Yost, KA Washburn, AR TI The LP/POMDP marriage: Optimization with imperfect information SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE linear program; Markov decision process; information ID MARKOV AB A new technique for solving large-scale allocation problems with partially observable states and constrained action and observation resources is introduced. The technique uses a master linear program (LP) to determine allocations among a set of control policies, and uses partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) to determine improving policies using dual prices from the master LP. An application is made to a military problem where aircraft attack targets in a sequence of stages, with information acquired in one stage being used to plan attacks in the next. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Washburn, AR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 47 IS 8 BP 607 EP 619 DI 10.1002/1520-6750(200012)47:8<607::AID-NAV1>3.3.CO;2-6 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 370EG UT WOS:000165110000001 ER PT J AU Carr, TW Billings, L Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I AF Carr, TW Billings, L Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I TI Bi-instability and the global role of unstable resonant orbits in a driven laser SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article DE resonance; chaos; heteroclinic; saddle-bifurcations; bi-instability ID SUBHARMONIC BIFURCATION; INDUCED INTERMITTENCY; MODULATED PARAMETERS; INJECTED SIGNAL; CHAOS; CO2-LASER; SYSTEM; FIELD; PERTURBATION; ATTRACTORS AB Driven class-B lasers are devices which possess quadratic nonlinearities and are known to exhibit chaotic behavior. We describe the onset of global heteroclinic connections which give rise to chaotic saddles. These form the precursor topology which creates both localized homoclinic chaos, as well as global mixed-mode heteroclinic chaos. To locate the relevant periodic orbits creating the precursor topology, approximate maps are derived using matched asymptotic expansions and subharmonic Melnikov theory. Locating the relevant unstable fixed points of the maps provides an organizing framework to understand the global dynamics and chaos exhibited by the laser. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carr, TW (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00164-0 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 370HR UT WOS:000165117900004 ER PT J AU Nucker, N Merz, M Kuntscher, CA Gerhold, S Schuppler, S Neudert, R Golden, MS Fink, J Schild, D Stadler, S Chakarian, V Freeland, J Idzerda, YU Conder, K Uehara, M Nagata, T Goto, J Akimitsu, J Motoyama, N Eisaki, H Uchida, S Ammerahl, U Revcolevschi, A AF Nucker, N Merz, M Kuntscher, CA Gerhold, S Schuppler, S Neudert, R Golden, MS Fink, J Schild, D Stadler, S Chakarian, V Freeland, J Idzerda, YU Conder, K Uehara, M Nagata, T Goto, J Akimitsu, J Motoyama, N Eisaki, H Uchida, S Ammerahl, U Revcolevschi, A TI Hole distribution in (Sr,Ca,Y,La)(14)Cu24O41 ladder compounds studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPIN GAP; MATERIAL SR14CU24O41; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; HIGH-PRESSURE; CU-NMR; SYSTEM AB The unoccupied electronic structure for the Sr14Cu24O41 family of two-leg ladder compounds was investigated for different partial substitutions of Sr2+ by Ca2+, leaving the nominal hole count constant, and by Y3+ or La3+, reducing the nominal hole count from its full value of 6 per formula unit. Using polarization-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy on single crystals, hole states on both the chain and ladder sites could be studied. While for intermediate hole counts all holes reside on O sites of the chains, a partial hole occupation on the ladder sites in orbitals oriented along the legs is observed for the fully doped compound Sr14Cu24O41. On Substitution of Ca for Sr orbitals within the ladder planes but perpendicular to the legs receive some hole occupation as well. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Inst Festkorper& Werkstofforsch Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INE, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ETH Zurich, Festkorperphys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Supercond, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Paris Sud, Lab Physicochim Solides, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Nucker, N (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IFP, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Golden, Mark/D-3469-2011; Fink, Joerg/A-6003-2012; Uehara, Masatomo/M-4785-2014; Schild, Dieter/B-3936-2016 OI Uehara, Masatomo/0000-0001-5221-4463; Schild, Dieter/0000-0001-6034-8146 NR 48 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 21 BP 14384 EP 14392 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.14384 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 380RL UT WOS:000165717200091 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Meyer, MR Puri, A AF Jordan, PM Meyer, MR Puri, A TI Causal implications of viscous damping in compressible fluid flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB Classically, a compressible, isothermal, viscous fluid is regarded as a mathematical continuum and its motion is governed by the linearized continuity, Navier-Stokes, and state equations. Unfortunately, solutions of this system are of a diffusive nature and hence do not satisfy causality. However, in the case of a half-space of fluid set to motion by a harmonically vibrating plate the classical equation of motion can, under suitable conditions, be approximated by the damped wave equation. Since this equation is hyperbolic, the resulting solutions satisfy causal requirements. In this work the Laplace transform and other analytical and numerical tools are used to investigate this apparent contradiction. To this end the exact solutions, as well as their special and limiting cases, are found and compared for the two models. The effects of the physical parameters on the solutions and associated quantities are also studied. It is shown that propagating wave fronts are only possible under the hyperbolic model and that the concept of phase speed has different meanings in the two formulations. In addition, discontinuities and shook waves an noted and a physical system is modeled under both formulations. Overall, it is shown that the hyperbolic form gives a more realistic description of the physical problem than does The classical theory. Lastly, a simple mechanical analog is given and connections to viscoelastic fluids an noted. In particular, the research presented hen supports the notion that linear compressible, isothermal, viscous fluids can, at least in terms of causality, be better characterized as a type of viscoelastic fluid. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Puri, A (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 7918 EP 7926 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.7918 PN A PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 383JM UT WOS:000165879400061 ER PT J AU Shenoy, D Filipov, S Aliev, F Keller, P Thomsen, D Ratna, B AF Shenoy, D Filipov, S Aliev, F Keller, P Thomsen, D Ratna, B TI Vogel-Fulcher dependence of relaxation rates in a nematic monomer and elastomer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ISOTROPIC PHASES; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR; CHAIN; POLYACRYLATES; DYNAMICS; LENGTH AB Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy is used to study the relaxation processes in a nematic monomer and the corresponding cross-linked polymer nematic liquid crystal (elastomer). In the frequency window 10 mHz to 2 GHz the monomer liquid crystal shows a single relaxation whereas the polymer exhibits three relaxation processes, two of which are quantitatively analyzed. The temperature dependence of relaxation times in both the monomer and polymer follows a Vogel-Fulcher behavior. The relaxation processes are identified with specific molecular motions and activation energies are calculated in a linear approximation for comparison with literature data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mat Res Ctr, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. Inst Curie, CNRS, UMR 168, Lab PhysicoChem Curie,Sect Rech, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Filippov, Sergey/B-8438-2009 OI Filippov, Sergey/0000-0002-4253-5076 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 8100 EP 8105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.8100 PN A PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 383JM UT WOS:000165879400081 ER PT J AU Freund, HP Zaidman, EG AF Freund, HP Zaidman, EG TI Time-dependent simulation of helix traveling wave tubes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-THEORY AB A time-dependent nonlinear analysis of a helix traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented for a configuration where an electron beam propagates through a three-dimensional tape helix surrounded by a conducting wall. The effects of dielectric- and vane-loading are included as is efficiency enhancement by tapering the helix pitch and external focusing by means of either a uniform solenoidal magnetic field or a periodic field produced by a periodic permanent magnet stack. Dielectric-loading is described under the assumption that the gap between the helix and the wall is uniformly filled by a dielectric material. Vane-loading describes the insertion of an arbitrary number of vanes running the length of the helix. The electromagnetic field is represented as a superposition of waves in a vacuum tape helix. The propagation of each wave as well as the interaction of each wave with the electron beam is included by allowing the amplitudes of the waves to vary in z and t. The field equations are solved in conjunction with the three-dimensional Lorentz force equations for an ensemble of electrons. Collective effects are included by both a finite-difference grid formulation of Poisson's equation and an analysis based upon a modal superposition of solutions of the Helmholtz equation. The time-dependent simulation is compared with a steady-state simulation for a model corresponding to a TWT built at Northrop-Grumman Corporation. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)02312-0]. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FM Technol, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2000 VL 7 IS 12 BP 5182 EP 5194 DI 10.1063/1.1319338 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378YH UT WOS:000165612900043 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Swanekamp, SB Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW TI Particle-in-cell simulations of high-power cylindrical electron beam diodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-OPENING SWITCH; RELATIVISTIC DIODES; FLOW AB Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are presented that characterize the electrical properties and charged-particle flows of cylindrical pinched-beam diodes. It is shown that there are three basic regimes of operation: A low-voltage, low-current regime characterized by space-charge-limited (SCL) flow, a high-voltage, high-current regime characterized by a strongly pinched magnetically limited (ML) flow, and an intermediate regime characterized by weakly pinched (WP) flow. The flow pattern in the SCL regime is mainly radial with a uniform current density on the anode. In the ML regime, electrons are strongly pinched by the self-magnetic field of the diode current resulting in a high-current-density pinch at the end of the anode rod. It is shown that the diode must first draw enough SCL current to reach the magnetic limit. The voltage at which this condition occurs depends strongly on the diode geometry and whether ions are produced at the anode. Analytic expressions are developed for the SCL and ML regimes and compared to simulations performed over a wide range of voltages and diode geometries. In the SCL regime, it is shown that many of the results front planar diodes provide reasonably good estimates for cylindrical diodes. In the ML regime, it is found that the critical current formula provides a better fit to the simulations than the parapotential and focused flow models. An empirical fit to the I-V characteristic was developed from the simulations that smoothly transitions from the SCL regime, through the WP regime, and into the ML regime. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)03112-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2000 VL 7 IS 12 BP 5214 EP 5222 DI 10.1063/1.1320468 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 378YH UT WOS:000165612900046 ER PT J AU Lee, JH AF Lee, JH TI The five "P"s of management SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article AB Do you find yourself buried in daily details? Are you turned off by management literature that is written more for Wall Street than for you? If you answered "yes" (like most of the working world), you might find some consolation in this article, which emphasizes priorities, profit, process, people and persuasion. From the author's experience in the aerospace industry and manufacturing (and even business school), building a management tool kit is very important, but is overlooked all too often. One of his suggestions for building a tool kit is to add the Five Ps of Management-priorities, profit, process, people and persuasion. It is not a complete manager's guide to success, but a guide to help managers think about some of the critical issues and challenges faced in their jobs. How well these challenges are handled may determine success or failure in today's rapidly changing business environment. C1 Houston Fearless 76 Inc, Compton, CA 90220 USA. USN, Reserve, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Houston Fearless 76 Inc, 203 W Artesia Blvd, Compton, CA 90220 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 87 IS 12 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 381JP UT WOS:000165759500004 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Aronson, CA AF Roland, CM Aronson, CA TI Crystallization of polydimethylsiloxane end-linked networks SO POLYMER BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DYNAMICS; CHAINS; MODEL; POLY(VINYLETHYLENE); TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; RUBBER AB End-linked polydimethylsiloxane networks were synthesized, and used to quantify the reduction due to crosslinking of both the extent and thermodynamic stability of the crystalline phase. Networks of varying crosslink density were isothermally crystallized at various temperatures. The consequent melting points were found to be a linear function of the crystallization temperature, enabling equilibrium melting temperatures to be determined by extrapolation. From the dependence of the equilibrium melting point on crosslink density, it was determined that a network junction precludes roughly 8 adjoining chain units from incorporating into the crystal phase. This result is consistent with the measured degree of crystallinity suppression in the networks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0170-0839 J9 POLYM BULL JI Polym. Bull. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 45 IS 4-5 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s002890070019 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 385JP UT WOS:000166000900019 ER PT J AU Storms, RL Zyda, MJ AF Storms, RL Zyda, MJ TI Interactions in perceived quality of auditory-visual displays SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-MODAL SIMILARITY; INFORMATION; BRIGHTNESS; LOUDNESS; PITCH AB The quality of realism in virtual environments (VEs) is typically considered to be a function of visual and audio fidelity mutually exclusive of each other However,the VE participant being human, is multimodal by nature. Therefore, in order to validate more accurately the levels of auditory and visual fidelity that are required in a virtual environment, a better understanding is needed of the intersensory or crossmodal effects between the auditory and visual sense modalities. To identify whether any pertinent auditory-visual cross-modal perception phenomena exist, 108 subjects participated in three experiments which were completely automated using HTML, Java, and JavaScript programming languages. Visual and auditory display quality perceptions were measured intra- and intermodally by manipulating the pixel resolution of the visual display and Gaussian white noise level, and by manipulating the sampling frequency of the auditory display and Gaussian white noise level. Statistically significant results indicate that high-quality auditory displays coupled with high-quality visual displays increase the quality perception of the visual displays relative to the evaluation of the visual display alone, and that low-quality auditory displays coupled with high-quality visual displays decrease the quality perception of the auditory displays relative to the evaluation of the auditory display alone. These findings strongly suggest that the quality of realism in VEs must be a function of both auditory and visual display fidelities inclusive of each other. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Army Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Storms, RL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Army Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 6 BP 557 EP 580 DI 10.1162/105474600300040385 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 415RL UT WOS:000167736400003 ER PT J AU Durlach, N Allen, G Darken, R Garnett, RL Loomis, J Templeman, J von Wiegand, TE AF Durlach, N Allen, G Darken, R Garnett, RL Loomis, J Templeman, J von Wiegand, TE TI Virtual environments and the enhancement of spatial behavior: Towards a comprehensive research agenda SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Review ID COMPUTER-SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT; SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; PATH-INTEGRATION; MENTAL ROTATION; META-ANALYSIS; KNOWLEDGE; REAL; ORIENTATION AB There is currently much research activity involving virtual environments (VEs) and spatial behavior (spatial perception, cognition. and performance). After some initial remarks describing and categorizing the different types of research being conducted on VEs and spatial behavior, discussion in this Forum paper focuses on one specific type, namely. research concerned with the use of VE technology for training spatial behavior in the real world. We initially present an overview of issues and problems relevant to conducting research in this area and then. in the latter portion of the paper, present an overview of the research that we believe needs to be done in this area. We have written this paper for the forum section of Presence because, despite its length. it is essentially an opinion piece. Our aim here is not to report the results of research in our own laboratory nor to review the literature, as other available papers already serve these goals. Rather, the primary purpose of this paper is to stimulate open discussion about needed future research. In general, we believe that such a discussion can serve the research establishment as much as reports of completed work. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Durlach, N (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM durlach@mit.edu NR 102 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 6 BP 593 EP 615 DI 10.1162/105474600300040402 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 415RL UT WOS:000167736400005 ER PT J AU Sammons, MT Gorny, SW Zinner, ES Allen, RP AF Sammons, MT Gorny, SW Zinner, ES Allen, RP TI Prescriptive authority for psychologists: A consensus of support SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIBING PRIVILEGES AB Prescriptive authority for psychologists became a preeminent practice issue for the psychological community during the 1990s. Scope of practice, relationships with other health care providers, and perhaps even a change in identity of the profession are subsidiary issues bound up in the prescription privileges debate. The authors surveyed Maryland psychologists on this topic and examined 2 decades of opinion surveys regarding prescription privileges. A consistently high level of endorsement of prescription privileges for psychologists has been found over the past decade. At this point, the profession of psychology strongly favors the acquisition of prescription privileges by appropriately trained professional psychologists. C1 USN, Med Clin, Annapolis, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sammons, MT (reprint author), 7840 Oracle Pl, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6 BP 604 EP 609 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.31.6.604 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 383LE UT WOS:000165883400003 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Koch, C Fallow, GO Huwe, JM AF Johnson, WB Koch, C Fallow, GO Huwe, JM TI Prevalence of mentoring in clinical versus experimental doctoral programs: Survey findings, implications, and recommendations SO PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 108th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 04-08, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID PROTEGE RELATIONSHIPS; GRADUATE-EDUCATION; PSYCHOLOGY; PERCEPTIONS; SPONSORSHIP; STUDENTS; CAREERS; SCHOOLS AB Previous research suggests that mentorships are quite important in the development of junior professionals in a range of fields, including psychology. Yet some evidence suggests that clinical doctoral students may be less frequently mentored by graduate faculty than other psychology doctoral students. Results of a survey of clinical and experimental psychology doctorates who earned the degree in four distinct time frames from 1945 to the present indicated that clinical PhDs (53%) were indeed less likely than experimental PhDs (69%) to be mentored. Potential explanations for this discrepancy include the nature of clinical training, diffusion in clinical training, and the advent of professional training models. The implications of less frequent mentoring for clinical doctorates are discussed, and several recommendations for addressing this phenomenon are offered. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Fox Univ, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Koch, Christopher/0000-0002-2754-3385 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, DIV PSYCHOTHERAPY PI CORAL GABLES PA 1390 SOUTH DIXIE HIGHWAY, STE 2222, CORAL GABLES, FL 33146-2946 USA SN 0033-3204 J9 PSYCHOTHERAPY JI Psychotherapy PD WIN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 411UP UT WOS:000167517900005 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Li, RR AF Gao, BC Li, RR TI Quantitative improvement in the estimates of NDVI values from remotely sensed data by correcting thin cirrus scattering effects SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MODIS; CLOUD; CHANNEL AB The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been used extensively for remote sensing of vegetation for many years. This index uses radiances or reflectances from a red channel at 0.66 mum and near-infrared channel at 0.86 mum. Thin cirrus clouds frequently contaminate remotely sensed data acquired from aircraft and satellite platforms. They introduce additional scattered radiances to the 0.66-mum and 0.86-mum channels. To obtain unbiased estimates of NDVI values from remotely sensed data, the cirrus scattering effects must be removed. We recently have developed an empirical technique for removing thin cirrus scattering effects using the sensitive 1.375-mum cirrus-detecting channel. In this article, we demonstrate that the estimates of NDVI values van be improved quantitatively after the removal of thin cirrus effects. Pairs of spectral imaging data, with and nearly without thin cirrus contamination, acquired with the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) are used in this study. Because a special channel centered at 1.375 mum has been implemented on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) for detecting thin cirrus clouds from space, it is possible to remove thin cirrus scattering effects from MODIS channels below 1 mum and to yield improved global estimates of NDVI values from MODIS data. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7212 NRL ,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00141-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 387UL UT WOS:000166140200015 ER PT J AU Schexnayder, KR Pettway, WC Sharp, KM Lammons, G AF Schexnayder, KR Pettway, WC Sharp, KM Lammons, G TI New generation AUVs enter navy operations arena SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Environm Collect Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schexnayder, KR (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Projects Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 41 IS 12 BP 35 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 386KF UT WOS:000166059900005 ER PT J AU LaRoche, JR Ren, F Temple, D Pearton, SJ Kuo, JM Baca, AG Cheng, P Park, YD Hudspeth, Q Hebard, AF Arnason, SB AF LaRoche, JR Ren, F Temple, D Pearton, SJ Kuo, JM Baca, AG Cheng, P Park, YD Hudspeth, Q Hebard, AF Arnason, SB TI Processing techniques for InGaAs/InAlAs/InGaAs spin field effect transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID INJECTION AB Wet etch processing techniques For InGaAs/Inal/As/InGaAs transistors are used to Fabricate an N-channel HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) with Fe contacts. These processing techniques can easily be extended for dilute magnetic semiconductor regrowth and for testing of various spin injection geometries. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved, C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. MCNC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2117 EP 2122 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(00)00143-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 396YP UT WOS:000166666000004 ER PT J AU Kelley, B Dodrill, B Lindemuth, J Du, G Meyer, JR AF Kelley, B Dodrill, B Lindemuth, J Du, G Meyer, JR TI Electronic transport characterization of HEMT structures SO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB HEMTs are not a new invention, but they are now coming to the forefront of the semiconductor industry because of their use in communication applications. Improved electronic techniques are needed to continue the development of HEMTs and to improve production processes. C1 Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Westerville, OH 43082 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kelley, B (reprint author), Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Westerville, OH 43082 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY OFFICE PI NASHUA PA TEN TARA BLVD 5TH FLOOR, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0038-111X J9 SOLID STATE TECHNOL JI Solid State Technol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 43 IS 12 BP 130 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 378GQ UT WOS:000165577000019 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, DS TI The NATO capabilities gap and the European Union SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Transformation of NATO and the Question of European Unity CY MAY 05-06, 2000 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON HO UNIV WASHINGTON AB The defence-capabilities gap that divides the United States from its European allies is real, and it matters. The gap can most usefully be viewed as the aggregate of multiple gaps relating to the organisation and conduct of large-scale expeditionary operations. Transatlantic disparities in the ability to mount such operations became painfully obvious during NATO's Kosovo intervention in March-June 1999, and spurred commitments on both sides of the Atlantic to narrow the gap. However, a close examination of the European Union's post-Kosovo efforts to develop an autonomous military capability reveals serious obstacles to improving European forces. Chief among them is a deep reluctance to increase defence spending, in view of the low level of threat perceptions in NATO Europe and high social priorities in Europe. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD WIN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 4 BP 97 EP + DI 10.1093/survival/42.4.97 PG 33 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 379QT UT WOS:000165654500007 ER PT J AU Mahnken, TG AF Mahnken, TG TI Modern strategy SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Mahnken, TG (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD WIN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 4 BP 168 EP 169 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 379QT UT WOS:000165654500015 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Kim, H Khan, HR Pique, A Horwitz, JS Chrisey, D Kim, WJ Skelton, EF AF Qadri, SB Kim, H Khan, HR Pique, A Horwitz, JS Chrisey, D Kim, WJ Skelton, EF TI Transparent conducting films of In2O3-ZrO2, SnO2-ZrO2 and ZnO-ZrO2 SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE transparent conducting oxide; structure; opto-electronic properties ID SN-DOPED IN2O3; THIN-FILMS AB The optical transparencies and electrical conductivities of thin films of In2O3, SnO2 and ZnO mixed with ZrO2 have been investigated. These films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature using pulsed-laser deposition. Indium-zirconium oxide films with a ZrO2 content up to 15 wt.% were conducting and more than 80% transparent from 450-700 nm. As the ZrO2 content increased from 0 to 15 wt.%, the electrical resistivities increased from 1.28 x 10(-3) to 6.48 x 10(-2) Ohm cm; the carrier densities decreased from 2.14 x 10(20) to 1.0 x 10(18) cm(-3): and the Hall mobilities decreased from 21 to 5 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), all monotonically. The electrical resistivities of tin-zirconium oxide increased from 1.65 x 10(-2) to 7.33 x 10(-2) Ohm cm as the ZrO2 content varied between 0 and 5 wt.%, whereas the resistivities of the zinc-zirconium oldde varied from 3 x 10(-2) to 3.5 x 10(-1) Ohm cm for ZrO, contents between 0 and 10 wt.%. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. FEM, D-73525 Schwabisch Gmund, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 377 BP 750 EP 754 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01328-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 385VD UT WOS:000166024600127 ER PT J AU Kim, H Pique, A Horwitz, JS Murata, H Kafafi, ZH Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Pique, A Horwitz, JS Murata, H Kafafi, ZH Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB TI Effect of aluminum doping on zinc oxide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition for organic light-emitting devices SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO); transparent conducting oxide (TCO); pulsed laser deposition (PLD); organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) ID SPRAY PYROLYSIS AB Transparent conducting aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structural, electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of Al-doping amount (0-4 wt.%) in the target. Films were deposited at a substrate temperature of 200 degreesC in 0.67 Pa of oxygen pressure. It was observed that 0.8-wt.% of Al is the optimum doping amount in the target to achieve the minimum film resistivity and the maximum film transmission. For the 300-nm thick AZO film deposited using a ZnO target with an Al content of 0.8 wt.%, the electrical resistivity was 3.7 x 10(-4) Ohm -cm and the average transmission in the visible range (400-700 nm) was 90%. The AZO films grown by PLD were used as transparent anodes to fabricate organic light-emitting diodes. The device performance was measured and an external quantum efficiency of 0.3% was measured at a current density of 100 A/m(2). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 725 23rd St NW, Washington, DC USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 26 TC 235 Z9 252 U1 3 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 377 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01290-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 385VD UT WOS:000166024600136 ER PT J AU Pique, A Auyeung, RCY Qadri, SB Kim, H Justus, BL Huston, AL AF Pique, A Auyeung, RCY Qadri, SB Kim, H Justus, BL Huston, AL TI Growth of epitaxial doped strontium sulfide thin films by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE strontium sulfide thin films; epitaxial; pulsed laser deposition; SrS : Eu,Sm; SrS : Ce,Sm; SrS : Cu,Ge ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DISPLAYS; SRS-CU AB Epitaxial luminescent thin films of doped strontium sulfide (SrS) have been grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). SrS films double doped with Eu and Sm, Ce and Sm and Cu and Ge were deposited with thicknesses ranging from 0.05 to 2 mum on MgO(001) substrates. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis were used to study the films' surface morphology. The PLD-grown films were highly oriented as determined by their X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra and showed signs of little or no strain, and very low lattice mismatch when deposited on MgO. The best results were obtained for films deposited between 750 and 800 degreesC and under H2S background pressures ranging from 10 to 20 mtorr. The thermally-stimulated luminescence properties of these films were evaluated as well. The data indicate that these films would be well-suited for display applications. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 377 BP 803 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01294-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 385VD UT WOS:000166024600137 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Edson, SM Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Edson, SM Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Seven novel HLA-A alleles carry previously observed polymorphisms SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE HLA-A; DNA sequence AB This paper describes seven novel HLA-A locus alleles which carry previously observed polymorphisms. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, E404 Res bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6 BP 551 EP 552 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560610.x PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 388WK UT WOS:000166205900010 PM 11169246 ER PT J AU Belanger, KJ Kelly, DJ Mettille, FC Hanson, CV Lippert, LE AF Belanger, KJ Kelly, DJ Mettille, FC Hanson, CV Lippert, LE TI Psoralen photochemical inactivation of Orientia tsutsugamushi in platelet concentrates SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; SCRUB TYPHUS; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; SUSPENSIONS AB BACKGROUND: The risk of transfusion transmission of disease has been reduced by the combination of predonation questions and improved transfusion-transmitted disease assays, but the risk is still present. This study was conducted to determine if psoralen photochemistry could inactivate an obligate intracellular bacterium, with documented potential for transfusion, in PCs to further improve safety. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs were inoculated with MNCs infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. The concentrates were treated with amounts ranging from 0.86 to 138 mu mol per L of 4'-(aminomethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen hydrochloride (AMT) combined with a constant long-wave UVA light (320-400 nm) exposure of 5 J per cm(2). The effects of photochemical treatment were analyzed by using a mouse infectivity assay along with in vitro testing by PCR, indirect fluorescence antibody, direct fluorescence antibody, and Giemsa staining. RESULTS: AMT, at 0.86 mu mol per L or more, combined with UVA light of 5 J per cm2, inactivated O. tsutsugamushi that contaminated PCs. The PCs that did not receive the combined treatment caused infection. CONCLUSIONS: The psoralen AMT, in conjunction with UVA light exposure, effectively abolished the infectivity of PCs deliberately contaminated with the scrub typhus organism O. tsutsugamushi, as tested in a mouse infectivity assay. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Cerus Corp, Concord, CA USA. RP Lippert, LE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2000 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1507 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40121503.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389DW UT WOS:000166224200014 PM 11134571 ER PT J AU Tarman, GJ Kane, CJ Moul, JW Thrasher, JB Foley, JP Wilhite, D Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL AF Tarman, GJ Kane, CJ Moul, JW Thrasher, JB Foley, JP Wilhite, D Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL TI Impact of socioeconomic status and race on clinical parameters of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in an equal access health care system SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER; SURVIVAL; WHITE AB Objectives. To analyze the relationships among socioeconomic status (SES), race, and the clinical parameters of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) in an equal access health care system. Methods. The Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research longitudinal prostate cancer database from multiple military institutions was used to analyze the clinical, pathologic, and outcome data of 1058 patients with localized (Stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer and a preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 20 ng/mL or less who underwent RP between January 1987 and December 1997. Military rank (officer versus enlisted) was used as a surrogate measure of SES. Results. The percentage of patients with pathologic Gleason grade 7 or greater prostate cancer was higher in enlisted (45%) than in officer (37%) patients (P = 0.021). However, no difference was found between these groups with respect to pathologic stage or biochemical recurrence rates, African Americans presented at a younger age (P = 0.003), with a higher pretreatment PSA level (P = 0.001), and demonstrated higher biochemical recurrence rates than other ethnic groups (P = 0.037). The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that a lower SES (P = 0.010) but not African American race (P = 0.696) was an independent predictor of a higher grade (Gleason grade 7 or higher) cancer. However, biochemical progression was more common in African American men (P = 0.035) and was not related to SES (P = 0.883). Conclusions. In an equal access health care system, patients of lower SES presented with higher grade prostate cancer at the time of RP. However, only African American race predicted biochemical progression after RP. UROLOGY 56: 1016-1020, 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tarman, GJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00808-6 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 383QQ UT WOS:000165894200025 PM 11113750 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML Kolsch, EJ Hooper, KL AF Campbell, ML Kolsch, EJ Hooper, KL TI Kinetic study of the reactions of gas-phase V(a(4)F(3/2)), Cr(a(7)S(3)), Co(a(4)F(9/2)), Ni(a(3)F(4), a(3)D(3)) and Zn(4s(2) S-1(0)) atoms with nitrous oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; DEPLETION KINETICS; OXIDATION REACTIONS; CHROMIUM ATOMS; N2O; NO; O-2; CO2; CH4; SO2 AB The reactivity of gas-phase V(a(4)F(3/2)), Cr(a(7)S(3)), Co(a(4)F(9/2)), Ni(a(3)F(4). a(3)D(3)), and Zn(4s(2) S-1(0)) with N2O as a function of temperature and pressure is reported. The transition metal atoms were produced by the photodissociation of an appropriate precursor molecule and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The vanadium, chromium, and cobalt rate constants are independent of total pressure indicating bimolecular abstraction reactions. The bimolecular rate constants (in molecule(-1) cm(3) s-(1)) are described in Arrhenius form by k[V(a(4)F(3/2))] = (4.7 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11) exp(-10.8 +/- 0.5 kJ mol(-1)/RT), Cr(a(7)S(3)), (5.0 +/- 1.0) x 10(-11) exp-(-21.1 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1)/RT), and Co(a(4)F(9/2)), (1.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) exp(-48.8 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT) where the uncertainties represent +/-2 sigma. The reactions of nickel with N2O are pressure dependent indicating adduct formation; however, the reaction also has a bimolecular component. The room-temperature-limiting low-pressure third-order and limiting high-pressure second-order rate constants are (8.2 +/- 2.4) x 10(-32) molecule(-2) cm(6) s(-1) and (1.3 +/- 1.2) x 10(-12) molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1) in N-2 buffer, respectively. The second-order rate constant for the abstraction channel for the reaction of nickel with N2O at 298 K is (9.3 +/- 1.3) x 10(-14) molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1). The reaction of zinc with N2O is very slow; at 623 K an upper limit of 1 x 10(-16) molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1) is set for this reaction. An assessment of the semiempirical configuration interaction model used by Fontijn and co-workers to estimate barrier heights in these reactions is made. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 47 BP 11147 EP 11153 DI 10.1021/jp002702g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 378TN UT WOS:000165600500020 ER PT J AU Peiris, SM Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP AF Peiris, SM Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP TI Structural properties of ammonium perchlorate compressed to 5.6 GPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; NACL; CELL; KBAR AB The effect of pressure to 5.6 GPa on the structure of ammonium perchlorate (AP, NH4ClO4) was investigated at room temperature using X-ray diffraction studies and IR and Raman spectroscopy. Two phase transitions were observed. Under hydrostatic conditions, the first transition starts at about 0.9 GPa with the appearance of a few new diffraction peaks and a discontinuity in the pressure-induced shifts of certain Raman frequencies. This transition is most likely a molecular change in AP due to "freezing" of freely rotating NILI units, similar to effects at low temperature. The second transition starts at 2.9 GPa with a drop in diffraction intensity followed by a new pattern of diffraction peaks by 3.0 GPa. This transition is also characterized by another discontinuity in the Raman shifts and the emergence of two new Raman modes. The phase above 3.0 GPa is stable to 5.6 GPa. The P-V data to 0.9 GPa obtained from X-ray diffraction measurements were used to calculate a bulk modulus of 15.2 +/- 0.3 GPa for the ambient-pressure phase. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, High Energy Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Peiris, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, High Energy Mat Sect, Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 47 BP 11188 EP 11193 DI 10.1021/jp002168c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 378TN UT WOS:000165600500025 ER PT J AU Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ AF Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ TI Alternating kernel and mixture density estimates SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE mixture model; kernel estimator; semiparametric ID BORROWED STRENGTH; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; TISSUE AB We describe and investigate a data-driven procedure for obtaining parsimonious mixture model estimates or, conversely, kernel estimates with data-driven local smoothing properties. The main idea is to obtain a semiparametric estimate by alternating between the parametric and nonparametric viewpoints. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD NOV 28 PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 43 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(00)00003-7 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 377YM UT WOS:000165554000003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL AF Hoffman, SL TI Infectious disease - Research (genomics) is crucial to attacking malaria SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 24 PY 2000 VL 290 IS 5496 BP 1509 EP 1509 DI 10.1126/science.290.5496.1509 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 376EX UT WOS:000165446200023 PM 11185508 ER PT J AU Xu, YP Qian, XB Karunasiri, G AF Xu, YP Qian, XB Karunasiri, G TI Circuit for microbolometer bias-heating cancellation SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new circuit for microbolometer bias-heating cancellation is described. The circuit is based on the equivalence between the electrical and thermal capacitance. A replica of the bias-heating effect is generated on the electrical capacitance and is used to effectively cancel the bias heating of the microbolometer. The cancellation is tunable. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, YP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 24 BP 1993 EP 1994 DI 10.1049/el:20001414 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 386WQ UT WOS:000166087400008 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Klaehn, J Hendel, RA Qadriq, SB Golledge, SL Castner, DG Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Klaehn, J Hendel, RA Qadriq, SB Golledge, SL Castner, DG Gaber, BP TI Direct synthesis of metal-chelating mesoporous silica: Effects of added organosilanes on silicate formation and adsorption properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article AB SBA-15 mesoporous silicates with surface functional groups were synthesized by cohydrolysis of tetraethoxyorthosilicate and ethyl-, carboxylate-, and ethylenediaminetriacetic acid-functionalized organosilanes (ETES, CTES, EDATAS, respectively) using the nonionic surfactant poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO20PPO70PEO20, Pluronic P123). X-ray diffraction revealed that silicates synthesized with up to 5% (wt/wt total silica) of added functionalized silane yielded ordered mesoporous materials with P-6mm hexagonal symmetry. Further increasing the amount of added functionalized silanes to 20% resulted in a significant decrease in the structural ordering of the resulting silicate. Surface areas, pore volumes, and pore diameters were determined from nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption isotherms. Pore size contraction was observed as the wt % of added ETES was increased but not for the silicates formed with added CTES or EDATAS, with the exception of the silicate formed using 20% added EDATAS. Inclusion of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) during synthesis resulted in silicates with larger pore sizes but a loss of structural order. Appreciable adsorption of copper ions from solution was observed only for the EDATAS-functionalized silicates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Cu2+-bound EDATAS-functionalized silicates revealed an Cu/N ratio of 0.15, smaller than expected for 1:1 stoichiometry of copper ions and etylenediaminetriacetic acid groups. Adsorption isotherms for Cu2+ binding to EDATAS-functionalized silicates were fit to a double-component Langmuir equation. Binding constants, but not capacity, were dependent on the amount of added EDATAS used in the synthesis and were several orders of magnitude smaller than that reported for structurally similar nonimmobilized HEDTA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 23 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 46 BP 10820 EP 10826 DI 10.1021/jp0008389 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 379MV UT WOS:000165647300013 ER PT J AU Ingel, RP Dyka, CT Flippen, LD AF Ingel, RP Dyka, CT Flippen, LD TI Model reduction and frequency windowing for acoustic FEM analysis SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION AB Model degrees-of-freedom reduction and frequency windowing via interpolation are combined for application to acoustic finite element analysis problems. Projection operators are employed for the model reduction or condensation process. Interpolation is then introduced over a user defined frequency window, which can have real and imaginary boundaries and be quite large, Hermitian interpolation functions (which require derivative information) as well as standard Lagrangian functions, which can be linear, quadratic or cubic, have been used to construct the windows. For one-dimensional windows, the location of interior evaluation points can be varied to increase accuracy. Results are excellent for example problems, even for large d.o.f. reduction and large frequency windows containing numerous resonances (eigenvalues). The reduced models within the windows appear to indicate accurately the location of the resonances. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, SW Washington, DC 20375 USA. NAVSEA, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Ingel, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6354,4555 Overlook Ave, SW Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD NOV 23 PY 2000 VL 238 IS 2 BP 327 EP 350 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2000.3207 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 375MT UT WOS:000165404100008 ER PT J AU Bryan, JP Henry, CH Hoffman, AG South-Paul, JE Smith, JA Cruess, D Spieker, JMR de Medina, M AF Bryan, JP Henry, CH Hoffman, AG South-Paul, JE Smith, JA Cruess, D Spieker, JMR de Medina, M TI Randomized, cross-over, controlled comparison of two inactivated hepatitis A vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A vaccine; hepatitis A; prevention; randomized trial ID A VIRUS-VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOGENICITY; OUTBREAK; SAFETY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; PREVENTION; DISEASE; TRIAL AB The immunogenicity, tolerability and interchangeability of two hepatitis A vaccines, Vaqta (Merck and Co.) and Havrix (SmithKline) were studied in a randomized, crossover, controlled clinical trial. Vaccine was administered to 201 volunteers at 0 and 26 weeks in one of four vaccine regimens: Havrix-Havrix; Havrix-Vaqta; Vaqta-Havrix or Vaqta-Vaqta. Seroconversion rates (greater than or equal to 10 mIU/ml) for those whose first dose was Vaqta or Havrix, respectively, were: 41/96 (43%) versus 30/95 (32%) (P = 0.15) at 2 weeks and 91/98 (93%,) versus 84/97 (87%) (P = 0.43) at 4 weeks, and 100% at 26 weeks. Geometric mean concentrations (CMC) of total antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) for Vaqta and Havrix were 189 and 114 mIU/ml (P = 0.011) at 4 weeks and 234 and 136 mIU/ml (P < 0.001) at 26 weeks. At 30 weeks, the GMC after two doses of Havrix was 2612 mIU/ml compared with 5497 after two doses of Vaqta (P < 0.001). The GMC in the Kavrix-Vaqta group was 5672 mIU/ml compared with 3077 mIU/ml in the Vaqta-Havrix group (P < 0.001). Less than half of vaccine recipients reported tenderness or pain. In this study, seroconversion rates of the two vaccines were similar. Vaqta produces significantly higher anti-HAV antibody than Havrix. Crossover immunization is well tolerated and results in high antibody concentrations, especially when Vaqta is the booster dose. The significance of higher anti-HAV antibody concentrations in terms of long-term protection is unknown. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN Clin, Annapolis, MD USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Ctr Liver Dis, Miami, FL USA. RP Bryan, JP (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00301-7 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 380PA UT WOS:000165709200008 PM 11115695 ER PT J AU Wang, L Menting, JGT Black, CG Stowers, A Kaslow, DC Hoffman, SL Coppel, RL AF Wang, L Menting, JGT Black, CG Stowers, A Kaslow, DC Hoffman, SL Coppel, RL TI Differences in epitope recognition, isotype and titer of antisera to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 4 raised by different modes of DNA or protein immunization SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE MSP4; DNA vaccination; antibody response ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; FACTOR-LIKE DOMAIN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HUMAN MALARIA; MICE; VACCINATION; VACCINES; PLASMID; ANTIGEN AB Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) is being developed as a component of a subunit vaccine against asexual stages of malaria. Three DNA constructs were produced that induced expression of MSP4 either in the cytoplasm of transfected cells or secreted from cells under the control of the human tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) signal or the native P. falciparum MSP4 signal. Only the construct containing the TPA signal induced detectable antibodies in mice, although gene expression was demonstrated in all constructs and MSP4 was shown to be secreted using either signal by in vitro transient transfection of COS cells. Two recombinant MSP4 proteins that encoded the same sequence as the plasmid DNA were produced in E. coli (EcMSP4-His) and S. cerevisiae (yMSP4-His) and used to raise antibodies in mice. Comparison of the antibodies elicited by these various antigen formulations showed differences in titer, isotype and epitope recognition. The titer of antibodies induced by DNA:vaccination was lower than that induced by yMSP4-His, which in turn was lower than that induced by EcMSP3-His. The isotype profiles of the antibodies were also different, the plasmid DNA induced predominantly IgG, responses whereas the two proteins induced predominantly IgG(1) responses. The antibodies induced by DNA and yMSP4-His recognized predominantly the C-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain of the protein, whereas EcMSP3-His induced antibodies recognizing all domains of the protein equally. The antibodies induced by DNA vaccination were directed almost extensively to conformational epitopes so that reactivity with native MSP4 was abolished after disulfide bonds in the protein were disrupted. Antibodies induced by recombinant proteins recognized linear epitopes as well and reactivity to native MSP4 was preserved after reduction and alkylation of parasite proteins. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria PRogram, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Black, Casilda/B-1519-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Black, Casilda/0000-0002-0424-4593 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094] NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 816 EP 824 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00245-0 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 380PA UT WOS:000165709200017 PM 11115704 ER PT J AU Leathers, RA Downes, TV Davis, CO AF Leathers, RA Downes, TV Davis, CO TI Analysis of a point-source integrating-cavity absorption meter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We evaluate the theoretical performance of a point-source integrating-cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) with Monte Carlo simulations and a sensitivity analysis. We quantify the scattering errors, verifying that they are negligible for most ocean optics applications. Although the PSICAM detector response is highly sensitive to the value of the wall reflectivity, the absorption of an unknown fluid can be accurately determined with a PSICAM if appropriate reference solution(s) are chosen. We also quantify the error that results if the source is not perfectly isotropic, finding that; moderate amounts of source anisotropy can be tolerated provided that the detector is properly located with respect to the source. OCIS codes: 010.4450, 030.5260, 030.5620, 120.4640, 300.1030. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leathers, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leathers@rsd.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 33 BP 6118 EP 6127 DI 10.1364/AO.39.006118 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 372WT UT WOS:000165257600008 PM 18354617 ER PT J AU Koo, MS Kim, TJ Lee, MS Oh, MS Kim, YD Yoo, SD Aspnes, DE Jonker, BT AF Koo, MS Kim, TJ Lee, MS Oh, MS Kim, YD Yoo, SD Aspnes, DE Jonker, BT TI Dielectric function of epitaxial ZnSe films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAAS; SI; GE AB We examine various ZnSe spectra to obtain that which best represents the dielectric response epsilon of ZnSe. The measured evolution of pseudodielectric function [epsilon] data with chemical etching shows that the natural overlayer on ZnSe can be modeled accurately only if we assume that it contains amorphous Se. Hence previous assumptions made in correcting [epsilon] mathematically are not correct, and data obtained on stripped samples yield the best representation of epsilon. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)05147-0]. C1 Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koo, MS (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 21 BP 3364 EP 3366 DI 10.1063/1.1328098 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 375JN UT WOS:000165395900016 ER PT J AU Nordgren, TE Chengalur, JN Salpeter, EE Terzian, Y AF Nordgren, TE Chengalur, JN Salpeter, EE Terzian, Y TI The 1.0 megaparsec galaxy pair sample in low-density regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : interactions ID DARK-MATTER HALOS; BINARY GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; SOUTHERN SKY; TIDAL TAILS; BOUND POPULATIONS; REDSHIFT CATALOGS; CD GALAXIES; DYNAMICS; SATELLITES AB Using complete redshift catalogs, we have compiled a list of galaxy pairs based solely on a pair's projected separation, r(p),, and velocity difference, DeltaV. We have made high-velocity precision H I observations of each galaxy in the sample and have reported these in the literature. Due to the nature of the redshift catalogs, we are able to quantitatively evaluate the effects of isolation and number density of surrounding galaxies on each pair in the sample. For the close galaxy pairs (r(p) < 100 kpc), the degree of isolation (a measure of the number of near neighbors) has little effect on the median DeltaV. This median is about 55 km s(-1) for the 25 close pairs (if medium-density close pairs are omitted DeltaV is even smaller, but the difference is not statistically significant). The effect of isolation is strong for the entire sample of galaxy pairs with separations as large as 1.0 Mpc. For these larger separation pairs, relaxation of strict isolation requirements introduces small groups into the sample, which dramatically increases the median DeltaV. We find little evidence of an increase in the median DeltaV with decreasing r(p), nor with increasing total luminosity. For our isolated pairs in low-density regions, the overall median DeltaV is only 30 km s(-1). For similar separations and isolation criteria, galaxy satellites with larger luminosity ratios (i.e., less dynamical friction) in higher density regions have DeltaV approximately twice as large. We conjecture that our orbits are highly eccentric, so that the indirect effect of dynamical friction leads to predominantly small DeltaV. However, the halos of our galaxies may also be of low density (although highly extended). C1 USN Observ, NPOI, Astrometry Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. TIFR, NCRA, Poona 411007, Maharashtra, India. Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nordgren, TE (reprint author), USN Observ, NPOI, Astrometry Dept, POB 447,Rural Route 14, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 544 IS 1 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1086/317166 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 381FH UT WOS:000165751300016 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Curdt, W Landi, E Wilhelm, K AF Feldman, U Curdt, W Landi, E Wilhelm, K TI Identification of spectral lines in the 500-1600 angstrom wavelength range of highly ionized Ne, Na, Mg, Ar, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni emitted by flares (T-e >= 3 x 10(6) K) and their potential use in plasma diagnostics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : identification; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; ATOMIC DATA; EMISSION-LINES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS AB On 1999 May 9 the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded spectra from a high-temperature region located in the solar corona above the west limb. These spectra contain lines from rather less-abundant elements in solar plasmas. In this paper we present identifications of the high-temperature (T-e greater than or equal to 3 x 10(6) K) Ne, Na, Mg, Ar, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni lines that were detected in the 500-1600 Angstrom spectral range of SUMER. In addition, accurate wavelength measurements have been obtained with uncertainties varying between 0.015 and 0.040 Angstrom (1 sigma). Making use of the newly measured wavelengths, we derive energy levels in the ground configuration of a number of highly charged ions. We present intensity ratio calculations of lines in the SUMER range that could be used to measure electron densities in high-temperature solar plasmas. We also provide emissivities for Ca xIII-Ca xv and Fe xvIII-Fe xxIII lines that could be used to determine emission measures and electron temperatures of high-temperature plasmas. We discuss a method for measuring elemental abundance variations in high-temperature solar plasmas using lines presented in the paper. A list of spectral lines spanning the 300-30000 Angstrom wavelength range and their branching ratios that are suitable for efficiency calibration of space-borne spectrographs is provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 63 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 544 IS 1 BP 508 EP 521 DI 10.1086/317203 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 381FH UT WOS:000165751300044 ER PT J AU Wood, KS Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM Wolff, MT Fritz, G Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Yentis, D Bloom, ED Giebels, B Godfrey, G Reilly, K Parkinson, PS Shabad, G Scargle, J AF Wood, KS Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM Wolff, MT Fritz, G Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Yentis, D Bloom, ED Giebels, B Godfrey, G Reilly, K Parkinson, PS Shabad, G Scargle, J TI USA experiment and RXTE observations of a variable low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in XTE J1118+480 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : individual (XTE J1118+480) ID RAY TIMING EXPLORER AB Using the USA Experiment on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite and the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, we have extensively observed the X-ray transient XTE J1118+480 during its recent outburst in 2000 April-June. We present detailed monitoring of the evolution of a low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) that drifts from 0.07 to 0.15 Hz during the outburst. We examine possible correlations of the QPO frequency with the flux and spectral characteristics of the source, and we compare this QPO with low-frequency QPOs observed in other black hole candidates. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 544 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/317287 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 381GB UT WOS:000165753000010 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Singh, A Deschamps, JR Chang, EL AF Lu, Q Singh, A Deschamps, JR Chang, EL TI Cu(II)-containing cross-linked polymers for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE N-alkylation; crystal structures; stability constants; cross-linked polymers; catalytic hydrolysis ID REACTIVITY; ESTERS AB The protonation constants of N-(4-vinyl)benzyl ethylenediamine (L1), 1-(4-vinyl)benzyl dielhylenetriamine (L2), 4-(4-vinyl)benzyl diethylenetriamine (L3), and the stability constants of their Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been potentiometrically determined. The crystal structures of [Cu(L1)(2)][ClO4](2) and [CuL2(NO3)(2)]. CH3CO2C2H5 are reported. [Cu(L1)(2)][ClO4](2) crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c, having lattice parameters a = 12.48(2), b = 12.062(16), c = 9.188(15) Angstrom, beta = 97.46(7)degrees, and Z = 2. [CuL2(NO3)(2)]. CH3CO2C2H5 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/n, having lattice parameters a = 10.239(2), b = 9.177(1), c = 24.096(4) Angstrom, beta = 95.99(1)degrees, and Z = 2. Kinetic studies show that the Cu(II)-containing cross-linked polymers made from incorporating [Cu(L1)(2)]X-2 and [CuL3]X-2 (X = ClO4-, NO3-) catalyze the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate with first-order rate constants 1.33 x 10(-5) and 1.04 x 10(-6) s(-1), respectively, at 55 degreesC and pH 8.5. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 309 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)00241-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 380NQ UT WOS:000165708300012 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, ML TI Kinetic study of gas-phase Lu(D-2(3/2)) with O-2, N2O and CO2 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT RATE CONSTANTS; LANTHANIDES; NO AB The second-order rate constants of gas-phase Lu(D-2(3/2)) with O-2, N2O and CO2 from 348 to 573 K are reported. In all cases, the reactions are relatively fast with small barriers. The disappearance rates are independent of total pressure indicating bimolecular abstraction processes. The bimolecular rate constants (in molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1)) are described in Arrhenius form by k(O-2) = (2.3+/-0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-3.1 +/- 0.7 kJ mol(-1)/RT), k(N2O) = (2.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) exp(-7.1 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT), k(CO2) = (2.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-10) exp(-7.6 +/- 1.3 kJ mol(-1)/RT), where the uncertainties are +/-2 sigma. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2000 VL 330 IS 5-6 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01132-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 378PJ UT WOS:000165592500010 ER PT J AU Earhart, KC Power, MH AF Earhart, KC Power, MH TI Bartonella neuroretinitis. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Earhart, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 20 BP 1459 EP 1459 DI 10.1056/NEJM200011163432005 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373CR UT WOS:000165271300005 PM 11078771 ER PT J AU Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Vo-Dinh, T TI Three-dimensional optical random access memory materials for use as radiation dosimeters SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON MEMORY; DEVICES AB This article describes the development of the first three-dimensional optical random access memory (3D-ORAM) material and readout system for monitoring energetic neutrons. Two different photochromic dyes, 5'-chloro-6-nitro-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indoline] (spirobenzopyran) and anthracene, have been investigated for use in these 3-D GRAM dosimeter materials. These dyes were immobilized in a poly(methyl methacrylate) support, and the resulting dosimeter materials were irradiated with neutrons from a Cf-252 source. Fluorescence measurements from the dosimeter show a dramatic decrease in the overall fluorescence intensity of the 3D-ORAM dosimeter exposed to the Cf-252, relative to a nonirradiated dosimeter. In addition, a two-photon excitation readout system has been developed for determining characteristics of the radiation that are necessary for estimating dose. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd MS-6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 72 IS 22 BP 5612 EP 5617 DI 10.1021/ac000638t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 374LN UT WOS:000165346800014 PM 11101239 ER PT J AU Rosler, ES Brandt, JE Chute, J Hoffman, R AF Rosler, ES Brandt, JE Chute, J Hoffman, R TI An in vivo competitive repopulation assay for various sources of human hematopoietic stem cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; IMMUNE-DEFICIENT MICE; MURINE MARROW-CELLS; HUMAN BONE-MARROW; LONG-TERM; FETAL LIVER; UNRELATED DONORS; IN-VIVO AB The marrow repopulating potential (MRP) of different sources of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was directly compared using an in vivo assay in which severe combined immunodeficient disease (SCID) mice were implanted with human fetal bones. HSCs from 2 human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donors were injected individually or simultaneously into the fetal bones of a 3rd distinct HLA type and donor and recipient myeloid and lymphoid cells were identified after 8 to 10 weeks. The study compared the MRP of umbilical cord blood (CB) and adult bone marrow (ABM) CD34(+) cells as well as grafts of each type expanded ex vivo. Equal numbers of CB and ABM CD34(+) cells injected individually demonstrated similar abilities to establish multilineage hematopoiesis. However, when CB and ABM cells were transplanted simultaneously, the engraftment of CB cells was markedly superior to ABM. CB and ABM CD34(+) cells were expanded ex vivo using either a porcine microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC)based coculture system or a stroma-free expansion system. Primary CB CD34(+) cells or CD34(+) cells expanded in either culture system demonstrated a similar ability to engraft. However, the MRP of expanded grafts simultaneously injected with primary CB cells was uniformly inferior to primary CB cells. CD34(+) cell grafts expanded in the stroma-free system, furthermore, outcompeted CD34(+) cells expanded using the PMVEC coculture system. The triple HLA-mismatched SCID-hu model represents a novel in vivo stem cell assay system that permits the direct demonstration of the functional consequences of ex vivo HSC expansion and ontogeny-related differences in HSCs. (C) 2000 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, NIDDK, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hoffman, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, 900 S Ashland Ave,M-C 734, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 10 BP 3414 EP 3421 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372HA UT WOS:000165227200017 PM 11071636 ER PT J AU Maslowski, W Newton, B Schlosser, P Semtner, A Martinson, D AF Maslowski, W Newton, B Schlosser, P Semtner, A Martinson, D TI Modeling recent climate variability in the Arctic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN BASIN; SEA-ICE; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB Dramatic changes in the circulation of sea ice and the upper layers of the Arctic Ocean have been reported during the last decade. Similar variability is modeled using a regional, coupled ice-ocean model. Realistic atmospheric forcing fields for 1979-93 are the only interannual signal prescribed in the model. Our results show large-scale changes in sea, ice and oceanic conditions when comparing results for the late 1970s / early 1980s and the 1990s. We hypothesize that these changes are in response to even larger scale atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that can be defined as either the Arctic Oscillation or the North Atlantic Oscillation. Agreement between the direction and scale of change in the model and observations, in the absence of interannual forcing from the global ocean thermohaline circulation, suggests that the atmospheric variability by itself is sufficient to produce basin-scale changes in the Arctic Ocean and sea ice system. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203 NR 16 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 22 BP 3743 EP 3746 DI 10.1029/1999GL011227 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 375TW UT WOS:000165418200035 ER PT J AU Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Jones, KA Derenge, MA Papanicolaou, N AF Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Jones, KA Derenge, MA Papanicolaou, N TI Variable-dose (10(17)-10(20) cm(-3)) phosphorus ion implantation into 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BORON; JUNCTION; ALUMINUM; DONORS AB Multiple-energy box profile elevated-temperature (700 degreesC) phosphorus ion implantations were performed into 4H-SiC in the doping range of 1x10(17)-1x10(20) cm(-3). The implanted material was annealed at 1500, 1600, or 1650 degreesC with an AIN encapsulant to prevent degradation of the SiC surface. Within this temperature range the sheet resistance does not change significantly for a given dose. The percentage of electrical activation of the P donors initially decreased with increasing implant dose for P-implant concentration up to 3x10(19) cm(-3) and then increased again at higher doses. For 1x10(20) cm(-3) P implant, a carrier concentration of 4x10(19) cm(-3) was measured at room temperature. In the 10(17) cm(-3) P doping concentration range substitutional activation greater than 85% was measured. Despite performing the implants at 700 degreesC, a significant amount of as-implanted damage was observed in the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectrum, even for 10(18) cm(-3) range P implantations. The RBS yield after annealing is near the virgin level for P concentrations up to 1x10(19) cm(-3), but above this concentration the RBS yield is above the virgin level, indicating a significant amount of residual lattice damage in the crystal. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)00123-7]. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handy, EM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 10 BP 5630 EP 5634 DI 10.1063/1.1319161 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MA UT WOS:000165068700017 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Loschialpo, P Forester, D Schelleng, J AF Keskinen, MJ Loschialpo, P Forester, D Schelleng, J TI Photonic band gap structure and transmissivity of frequency-dependent metallic-dielectric systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS AB The complex photonic band gap (PBG) structure of frequency-dependent metallic-dielectric systems, using actual measured values for index of refraction, has been computed using nonlinear numerical techniques. Transmissivity and reflectivity were also computed and compared with the PBG structure. For application to PBG systems consisting of alternate layers of Ag and MgF2 over a range of frequencies from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared, we find that features of the PBG structure, transmissivity, and reflectivity are distinctly different from those computed using the Drude model. These features include plasma resonant structure not included in the Drude model. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)00419-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20774 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 10 BP 5785 EP 5790 DI 10.1063/1.1289045 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MA UT WOS:000165068700043 ER PT J AU Magno, R Bennett, BR Glaser, ER AF Magno, R Bennett, BR Glaser, ER TI Deep level transient capacitance measurements of GaSb self-assembled quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; INSB; ALSB; HETEROSTRUCTURES; LASERS; TRAPS AB Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been made on GaAs n(+)p diodes containing GaSb self-assembled quantum dots and control junctions without dots. The self-assembled dots were formed by molecular beam epitaxy using the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. The dots are located in the depletion region on the p side of the junction where they act as a potential well that may capture and emit holes. Spectra recorded for temperatures between 77 and 440 K reveal several peaks in diodes containing dots. A control sample with a GaSb wetting layer was found to contain a single broad high temperature peak that is similar to a line found in the GaSb quantum dot samples. No lines were found in the spectra of a control sample prepared without GaSb. DLTS profiling procedures indicate that one of the peaks is due to a quantum-confined energy level associated with the GaSb dots while the others are due to defects in the GaAs around the dots. The peak identified as a quantum-confined energy level shifts to higher temperatures and its intensity decreases on increasing the reverse bias. The activation energy for the quantum-confined level increases from 400 meV when measured at a low reverse bias to 550 meV for a large reverse bias. Lines with activation energies of 400, 640, and 840 meV are associated with defects in the GaAs based on the bias dependence of their peak positions and amplitudes. [S0021-8979(00)09622-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 10 BP 5843 EP 5849 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)09622-5] DI 10.1063/1.1318391 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MA UT WOS:000165068700052 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kushto, G Pique, A Kafafi, ZH Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kushto, G Pique, A Kafafi, ZH Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB TI Effect of film thickness on the properties of indium tin oxide thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETRON; DIODES AB Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films (40-870 nm) were grown by pulsed laser deposition on amorphous substrates and the structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films were investigated. Films were deposited using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm, 30 ns FWHM) at a fluence of 2 J/cm(2), at substrate temperature of 300 degreesC and 10 mTorr of oxygen pressure. For ITO films (30-400 nm thickness) deposited at 300 degreesC in 10 mTorr of oxygen, a resistivity of 1.8-2.5x10(-4) Omega cm was observed and the average transmission in the visible range (400-700 nm) was about 85%-90%. The Hall mobility and carrier density for ITO films (40-870 nm thickness) were observed to be in the range of 24-27 cm(2)/V s and 8-13x10(20) cm(-3), respectively. The ITO films have been used as the anode contact in organic light emitting diodes and the effect of ITO film thickness on the device performance has been studied. The optimum thickness of the ITO anode for the maximum device efficiency was observed to be about 60-100 nm. The device with the optimum thickness of ITO anode showed an external quantum efficiency of about 0.85% at 100 A/m(2). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08622-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 188 Z9 195 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 10 BP 6021 EP 6025 DI 10.1063/1.1318368 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MA UT WOS:000165068700080 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Allen, SE AF Keen, TR Allen, SE TI The generation of internal waves on the continental shelf by Hurricane Andrew SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INERTIAL OSCILLATIONS; TEXAS-LOUISIANA SHELF; NORTH-WEST SHELF; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TRAPPED WAVES; MODEL; CANYON; CURRENTS; SIMULATION; FIELD AB Observed currents, temperature, and salinity from moored instruments on the Louisiana continental slope and shelf reveal multiple baroclinic oscillations during Hurricane Andrew in August 1992. These measurements are supplemented by numerical models in order to identify possible internal wave generation mechanisms. The Princeton Ocean Model is run with realistic topography, stratification, and wind forcing to extend the observations to Mississippi Canyon and other areas on the shelf. A two-layer isopycnal model is used with idealized topography and spatially uniform winds to isolate internal waves generated in and around the canyon. The combination of the observations and the results from the numerical models indicates several possible mechanisms for generating long internal waves: (1) near-inertial internal waves were generated across the slope and shelf by dislocation of the thermocline by the wind stress; (2) interaction of inertial flow with topography generated internal waves along the shelf break, which bifurcated into landward and seaward propagating phases; (3) downwelling along the coast depressed the thermocline; after downwelling relaxes, an internal wave front propagates as a Kelvin wave; and (4) Poincare waves generated within Mississippi Canyon propagate seaward while being advected westward over the continental slope. These processes interact to produce a three-dimensional internal wave field, which was only partly captured by the observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C11 BP 26203 EP 26224 DI 10.1029/2000JC900137 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 374NU UT WOS:000165351900011 ER PT J AU Marzari, N Singh, DJ AF Marzari, N Singh, DJ TI Dielectric response of oxides in the weighted density approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; AUGMENTED-PLANE-WAVE; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; NONLOCAL EXCHANGE; LOCAL-DENSITY; ABINITIO CALCULATION; CORRELATION-ENERGY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Calculations of the static dielectric response epsilon (infinity) of some simple oxide and mixed transition-metal oxide insulators using the weighted density approximation are reported, including in particular the perovskites KNbO3, KTaO3, and BaTiO3. The results show that even though the weighted density approximation makes only small changes to the local density band gaps, the values of epsilon (infinity) are consistently lowered, improving agreement with experiment. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marzari, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Marzari, Nicola/D-6681-2016 OI Marzari, Nicola/0000-0002-9764-0199 NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 19 BP 12724 EP 12729 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.12724 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 374XJ UT WOS:000165369700037 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Grober, RD Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Wu, Q Grober, RD Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Excitons, biexcitons, and electron-hole plasma in a narrow 2.8-nm GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP RENORMALIZATION; SHARP-LINE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NONLINEAR OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; BINDING AB We report the use of imaging spectroscopy to study the transition from a biexciton to a low-density electron-hole plasma inside single quantum dots in a 2.8-nm GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum well. Using a 250-nm resolution solid immersion microscope to reduce the spatial components of inhomogeneous broadening, we not only enable studies of single excitons and biexcitons confined in quantum dots, but also probe electron-hole plasmas bound in the dots at carrier densities about an order of magnitude lower than what was previously reported. The transition from exciton to plasma is found to be a direct result of random capture of excitons in dots, and the observed band-gap renormalization of the plasma agrees with existing theory. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 19 BP 13022 EP 13027 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13022 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 374XJ UT WOS:000165369700075 ER PT J AU Uilk, J Bullock, S Johnston, E Myers, SA Merwin, L Wynne, KJ AF Uilk, J Bullock, S Johnston, E Myers, SA Merwin, L Wynne, KJ TI Surface science of elastomeric coatings prepared from alpha,omega-dihydroxypoly(dimethylsiloxane) and the ethoxysiloxane mixture "ES40" SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SILICATES; NETWORKS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); POLYETHYLENE; COPOLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; ADHESION; ENERGY; WATER; AFM AB Hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks have been prepared with the ethoxysiloxane mixture "ES40" that acts as a cross-linker and siliceous domain (SD) precursor through sol-gel chemistry. ES40, with an approximate formula (SiO(OEt)(2))(n),, is a mixture of oligo-ethoxysiloxanes that is much less volatile than tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and provides hybrid elastomeric coatings of reproducible composition. With SiOEt from ES40 and SiOH from HO(Me2SiO)(n)H, compositions with SiOEt/SiOH ratios from 5 to 35 (ES40-5x-ES40-35x) were prepared. Solid-state Si-29 NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the relative amounts of PDMS and SD in the hybrid elastomers. The relative amounts of Q(2), (=SiO)(2)Si(OH)(2); Q(3), (=SiO)(3)Si(OH); and Q(4), (=SiO)(4)Si, in the SD were estimated by deconvolution of the Si-29 NMR peaks. Both light microscopy and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) show that PDMS-SD compositions "5x" and higher slowly develop "island-like" surface features while stored at ambient conditions. After I month cure, PDMS-SD surface features are less than or equal to1 mum, while after 6 months feature size is broadly distributed up to similar to 10 mum. In contrast, surface features developed quickly (24 h) with previously reported PDMS-FSD hybrids, where FSD is fluorinated siliceous domain, from (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)triethoxysilane. AFM experience demonstrates that PDMS-SD surface features are often poorly adherent and easily moved compared to the robust phase-separated surface structure of PDMS-FSD materials. Differing dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis protocols with water as the interrogating fluid show that water contamination affects force vs distance curve (fdc) data for PDMS-SD hybrids. Intrinsic wetting behavior for PDMS-SD hybrids is reproduced only with a protocol where clean water is used for each DCA cycle. The stability in water of PDMS-SD materials is strongly compositionally dependent. Over a period of 70 days, the ES40-14x composition showed the greatest resistance to mass loss with a mass loss rate of 0.08 wt %/month. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Wynne, KJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 14 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 23 BP 8791 EP 8801 DI 10.1021/ma000023y PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 374WG UT WOS:000165366900036 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Agarwal, AK AF Saks, NS Agarwal, AK TI Hall mobility and free electron density at the SiC/SiO2 interface in 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MOSFET AB The electron mobility and free electron density have been measured in 4H- and 6H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor inversion layers using the Hall effect. The 4H-SiC inversion layers are found to have very poor conductance which is caused by severe trapping of electrons at the Si/SiO2 interface. The trapping causes reduced conductance through a reduction in the number of free electrons in the inversion layer, and also because of a drop in the mobility due to increased Coulombic scattering. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04246-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CREE Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 20 BP 3281 EP 3283 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)04246-7] DI 10.1063/1.1326046 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 371FJ UT WOS:000165167600051 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Linehan, JC Shade, JE AF Bitterwolf, TE Linehan, JC Shade, JE TI Dihydrogen as a reactant in the photochemistry of bimetallic cyclopentadienyl carbonyl compounds SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID TRIBUTYLTIN HYDRIDE; COMPLEXES; PHOTOLYSIS; MATRICES; M=CR; MO AB Dihydrogen has been found to react photochemically with bimetallic compounds oft he form [(eta (5)-C5H5)M(CO)(n)](2), where M = Mo or W, n. = 3, M = Fe or Ru, n = 2, to give the corresponding metal hydrides, (eta (5)-C5H5)M(CO)(n)H. Hydride formation is only significant when the photolysis wavelengths are in the high-energy regions known to trigger CO boss from these compounds, and hydride formation is suppressed by added CO, making if likely that the reaction involves oxidative addition of H-2 to an electron-deficient, GO-Loss intermediate. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD NOV 13 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 23 BP 4915 EP 4917 DI 10.1021/om000292c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 375KG UT WOS:000165397800038 ER PT J AU Yuan, GC Yorke, JA Carroll, TL Ott, E Pecora, LM AF Yuan, GC Yorke, JA Carroll, TL Ott, E Pecora, LM TI Testing whether two chaotic one dimensional processes are dynamically identical SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Consider the situation where two individuals observe the same chaotic physical process bur through time series of different measured variables (e.g., one individual measures a temperature and the other measures a voltage). If the two individuals now use their data to reconstruct (e.g., via delay coordinates) a map, the maps they obtain may appear quite different. In the case where the resulting maps appear one dimensional, we introduce a method to test consistency with the hypothesis that they represent the same physical process. We illustrate this method using experimental data from an electric circuit. C1 Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI O, E/F-1630-2015; OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 20 BP 4265 EP 4268 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4265 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 372RK UT WOS:000165247700018 ER PT J AU Gavrishchaka, VV Ganguli, GI Scales, WA Slinker, SP Chaston, CC McFadden, JP Ergun, RE Carlson, CW AF Gavrishchaka, VV Ganguli, GI Scales, WA Slinker, SP Chaston, CC McFadden, JP Ergun, RE Carlson, CW TI Multiscale coherent structures and broadband waves due to parallel inhomogeneous flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; MECHANISMS; PLASMA AB Linear theory analysis and particle-in-cell simulations show that a spatial transverse gradient in the ion drift parallel to the magnetic field, dV(di)/dx less than or equal to Omega (i), where Omega (i) is the ion cyclotron frequency, can generate a broadband multimode spectrum extending from omega much less than Omega (i) to omega much greater than Omega (i). Nonlinearly, these waves lead to multiscale spatially coherent structures, substantial cross-field transport, ion energization, and phase-space diffusion. Large spikes are formed in the parallel electric field time series. These signatures are similar to the Fast Auroral Snapshot satellite observations in the upward current region. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gavrishchaka, VV (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 20 BP 4285 EP 4288 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4285 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 372RK UT WOS:000165247700023 ER PT J AU Mason, J Lindner, JF Neff, J Ditto, WL Bulsara, AR Spano, ML AF Mason, J Lindner, JF Neff, J Ditto, WL Bulsara, AR Spano, ML TI Pulse-enhanced stochastic resonance SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID NOISE AB By adding constant-amplitude pulses to a noisy bistable system, we enhance its response to monochromatic signals, significantly magnifying its unpulsed stochastic resonance. We observe the enhancement in both numerical simulations and in analog electronic experiments, This simple noninvasive control technique should be especially useful in noisy bistable systems that are difficult or impossible to modify internally. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Coll Wooster, Dept Phys, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Emory Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bulsara, AR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; OI Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 13 PY 2000 VL 277 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00665-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 404CY UT WOS:000167080900003 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Wallace, MR Savary, JR Jensen, FC Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Wallace, MR Savary, JR Jensen, FC Carlo, DJ TI Cell-mediated immune responses to autologous virus in HIV-1-seropositive individuals after treatment with an HIV-1 immunogen SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE CD4; chemokines; interferon-gamma; HIV-1; lymphocyte proliferative assay; T helper cell ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE; INFECTION; SUPPRESSION; DECLINE; VIREMIA AB Objective: We hypothesized that cell mediated immune responses to an HIV-1 immunogen (whole-killed, gp120-depleted HIV-1 in IFA, REMUNE) would include those to autologous virus. Methods: Five chronically HIV-1 infected individuals were examined for HIV-specific immune responses to their own virus tautologous viral antigen) after treatment with an HIV-1 immunogen. Results: Subjects had low proliferative responses to HIV and p24 antigens prior to immunization and mounted strong lymphocyte proliferative responses to the immunizing HIV-1 virus, native p24, and autologous viral antigen post immunization. Similarly, subjects produced low amounts of interferon-gamma in response to HIV and p24 antigens prior to immunization and increased their interferon-gamma production in response to HIV-1, native p24, and to autologous antigen post-immunization. Furthermore, beta -chemokine responses measured as migratory inhibitory protein-1 beta production were low at baseline in response to HIV-1 and native p24 antigens and were enhanced post immunization to HIV-1, native p24, and autologous antigen. Conclusions: In this study HIV-specific immune responses to autologous virus were observed after treatment with an HIV-specific immunogen. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Corp, 5935 Darwin Dr, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 10 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 16 BP 2475 EP 2478 DI 10.1097/00002030-200011100-00008 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 373ZW UT WOS:000165320800008 PM 11101057 ER PT J AU Owen, FN Eilek, JA Kassim, NE AF Owen, FN Eilek, JA Kassim, NE TI M87 at 90 centimeters: A different picture SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : individual (Virgo); galaxies : individual (M87); galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID X-RAY HALO; COOLING FLOWS; FARADAY-ROTATION; VIRGO CLUSTER; RADIO-SOURCES; JET; GALAXIES; SCALE; MASS; RESOLUTION AB We report new radio imaging of the large-scale radio structure of M87 with the VLA at 90 cm. These new images show the complex structure of the radio emission more clearly than previous attempts, some of which date back to the 1940s. The images suggest that the outward how from the M87 nucleus extends well beyond the 2 kpc jet. Two "bubbles" of synchrotron emission appear to be inflated by this flow. A simple model of the emission, combined with our knowledge of the inner jet, suggest that the energy input into this region from the M87 nucleus exceeds the energy being radiated away as X-rays. This argues that the region within 40 kpc of the center of M87 is currently dominated by energy input from the M87 nucleus. The gas in the region is expanding, not flowing inward as is envisioned in the cooling flow model. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Tech, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owen, FN (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O,1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 44 TC 244 Z9 245 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2000 VL 543 IS 2 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1086/317151 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 378TD UT WOS:000165599300010 ER PT J AU Nordgren, TE Armstrong, JT Germain, ME Hindsley, RB Hajian, AR Sudol, JJ Hummel, CA AF Nordgren, TE Armstrong, JT Germain, ME Hindsley, RB Hajian, AR Sudol, JJ Hummel, CA TI Astrophysical quantities of Cepheid variables measured with the navy prototype optical interferometer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (delta Cephei, eta Aquilae, Polaris, zeta Geminorum); techniques : interferometric ID PERIOD-RADIUS RELATION; VISUAL SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; POLARIS; CONFIRMATION; AMPLITUDE; MASSES AB We present mean angular diameters for two Cepheid variables, alpha UMi and zeta Gem, determined with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). We present linear radii for these Cepheids and two additional Cepheids, delta Cep and eta Aql, previously observed at the NPOI. We find the limb-darkened angular diameters of UMi and of zeta Gem to be 3.28 +/- 0.02 and 1.55 +/- 0.09 mas, respectively. Using trigonometric parallaxes, we find the linear radii of alpha UMi, zeta Gem, delta Cep, and eta Aql to be 46 =/- 3, 60(-14)(+25), 45(-6)(+28), and 69(-15)(+28) R., respectively. We compare the pulsation periods and linear radii of this sample of Cepheids, which range in period from 3 to 11 days, to theoretical and empirical period-radius and period-radius-mass relations found in the literature. Ne find that the observed diameter of a UMi is in excellent agreement with the predicted diameter as determined from both surface brightness techniques and theory only if a UMi is a first-overtone pulsator. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Nordgren, TE (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, NPOI, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2000 VL 543 IS 2 BP 972 EP 978 DI 10.1086/317144 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 378TD UT WOS:000165599300039 ER PT J AU Wedding, JB Wang, GC AF Wedding, JB Wang, GC TI A new 30 degrees-rotated (7x7) superstructure formed by codeposition of Cu and Si on Si(111)(7x7) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; copper; low energy electron diffraction (LEED); molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicon; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; SI(111)7X7; SILICON; DIFFRACTION; FILMS; LEED; AES AB An unusual (7 x 7)R30 degrees reconstruction caused by copper and silicon codeposition on Si(lll) (7 x 7) at between 240 and 300 degreesC was observed with high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction (HRLEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and Anger electron spectroscopy (AES). The HRLEED measurements of the deposited film showed six widened first-order superlattice beams with a separation consistent with that of the Si (7 x 7) reconstruction, and clearly inconsistent with the well-documented incommensurate "5 x 5" structure. The (7 x 7) reconstruction of the initial Si(lll) surface, though, was completely absent from the HRLEED pattern of the deposited surface. STM measurements of the deposited film showed a structure with about five to ten exposed layers, terraces on the order of 50 to 100 nm across, and pits at least 2 nm deep and on the order of la nm across. The pits likely resulted from Cu decoration of the film defects. The atomic-resolution images showed a loose hexagonal array of superstructures, with observable rotations (17 degrees) with respect to one another and with some clustering of atoms within the superstructure. AES measurements indicated that the surface chemical composition was largely Si, with 9+/-4% Cu. The wide range of observed in-plane domain orientations was likely the result of thermally activated nucleation within the terraces. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Wedding, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 10 PY 2000 VL 467 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00727-5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 377PB UT WOS:000165521000013 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, II TI Robust half metalicity in FexCo1-xS2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IRON AB The FexCo1-xS2 system is predicted, on the basis of density functional calculations, to be a half metal for a wide concentration range. Unlike most known half metals, the half metalicity in this system is expected to be very stable with respect to crystallographic disorder and other types of defects. [S0003-6951(00)04445-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 17 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 19 BP 3000 EP 3002 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)04445-4] DI 10.1063/1.1324720 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MG UT WOS:000165069500020 ER PT J AU Macfarlane, PJ Stahlbush, RE AF Macfarlane, PJ Stahlbush, RE TI Near interface H(+) trapping and its influence on H(+) transport in hydrogenated Unibond buried oxides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIO2 THIN-FILMS; MOBILE PROTONS; RADIATION; DEVICES; BUILDUP; STATES AB The effects of applied oxide field and H(+) concentration on the transport of mobile protons across a buried oxide layer are examined in hydrogenated Unibond material. The H+ travel slower when moving from the substrate Si/SiO(2) to the top Si/SiO(2) interfaces than in the opposite direction. The effect of the self-field due to H(+) in the oxide is insignificant even when that field is larger than the applied field. These results suggest that detrapping from defects near the Si/SiO(2) interfaces plays a critical role in the H(+) transport. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03445-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Macfarlane, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6816,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pmacfarl@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 19 BP 3081 EP 3083 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)03445-8] DI 10.1063/1.1323994 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MG UT WOS:000165069500047 ER PT J AU Jishi, RA White, CT Mintmire, JW AF Jishi, RA White, CT Mintmire, JW TI Endohedral selenium chains in carbon, boron nitride, and BC2N nanotubes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Congress of the International Society for Theoretical Chemical Physics (ISTCP) CY NOV 08-13, 1999 CL UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Quim, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest & Mat, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Coordinac Invest Cientif, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Technol, Inst Mexicano Petroleo, Silicon Graph, SA CV HO UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO DE nanotube; endohedral; selenium; theory ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TUBULES; CAPILLARITY AB A theoretical analysis of the process of filling C, BN, and BC2N nanotubes with selenium is presented within the context of local density functional theory. It is shown that the process is energetically favorable for the three types of nanotubes, being more so for BN and BC2N nanotubes than for carbon nanotubes. It is thus predicted that selenium chains would be readily incorporated from a selenium melt into BN and BC2N nanotubes in a fashion similar to the filling of carbon nanotubes, which has been experimentally demonstrated. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Mintmire, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 2000 VL 80 IS 3 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1002/1097-461X(2000)80:3<480::AID-QUA18>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 361EZ UT WOS:000089711100018 ER PT J AU Xie, CP Lahti, PM George, C AF Xie, CP Lahti, PM George, C TI Modulating spin delocalization in phenoxyl radicals conjugated with heterocycles SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [GRAPHICS] Phenoxyl radicals were synthesized having heterocyclic substituents in the 4-position. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy shows spin density can be modulated by delocalization onto the heterocycle structure, to the extent that some of the largest spin density bearing sites in 3 and 4 lies in the heterocycle, not in the phenoxyl ring. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lahti, PM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2000 VL 2 IS 22 BP 3417 EP 3420 DI 10.1021/ol0063407 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 370EQ UT WOS:000165110900002 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Bessel, CA AF Rolison, DR Bessel, CA TI Electrocatalysis and charge-transfer reactions at redox-modified zeolites SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID EXTRAZEOLITE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENCAPSULATED CO(SALEN); MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SURFACE; CHEMISTRY; ULTRAMICROELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CONDUCTIVITY; DISPERSIONS; NANOSCALE AB When aluminosilicate zeolites, which are microporous crystalline scaffolds, intersect with electrochemistry, new opportunities arise for control of ion- and electron-transfer reactions. In this Account, we describe how zeolites modified with either redox solutes or nanocrystalline particles (which when electrified behave as nanoelectrodes) give rise to new reaction products for old catalytic schemes, improve catalytic turnovers relative to the zeolite-free electrocatalyst, and generate practical amounts of electrosynthesized product at nanoelectrode-modified zeolites. The electrochemical reactions driven at redox-modified zeolites demonstrate the ability of the truncated topography of the zeolite boundary to affect charge-transfer reactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil; bessel@chem.vill.edu NR 56 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 33 IS 11 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1021/ar9701272 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 378UV UT WOS:000165603800001 PM 11087310 ER PT J AU Liang, LY Korte, N Gu, BH Puls, R Reeter, C AF Liang, LY Korte, N Gu, BH Puls, R Reeter, C TI Geochemical and microbial reactions affecting the long-term performance of in situ 'iron barriers' SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE in situ barriers; dechlorination; water treatment; geochemical reactions; microbial reactions; long-term performance; precipitation; clogging ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; REMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; METALS; DEGRADATION; CORROSION; KINETICS; WATER AB The in situ application of granular iron (Fe-0) has become popular for the destruction of halogenated organic compounds and for the immobilization of specific metals in groundwater. However, a knowledge gap exists concerning the long-term performance of the Fe-0-barriers. The corrosion of Fe-0 may produce mineral precipitates that alter the system's hydraulic integrity. For example, data from existing barriers show varying trends in pH, alkalinity, mineral precipitation, and microbial activity. Although the chemical behaviors are site-specific, this paper discusses the concepts involved in developing a generic approach for predicting the trend of aqueous and surface speciation, and the resulting effects on Fe-0 treatment systems. Observations from existing Fe barriers are summarized, and the chemical and microbial processes that influence chemical speciation, both in water and on surfaces, are reviewed. A conceptual geochemical model is presented, which illustrates the factors that must be considered in developing a quantitative model that can be used to design monitoring plans for timely detection of clogging in Fe-0 reactive barriers. In order to develop quantitative predictive models, field and laboratory research should: (1) assess the extent and rates of media deterioration by analyzing coupled chemical and microbial reactions; and (2) identify the controlling mechanisms for hydraulic alteration within and around Fe-0 barriers. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junct Off, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Ada, OK 74821 USA. USN, NFESC, Port Hueneme, CA 93403 USA. RP Korte, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junct Off, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 58 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00026-5 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 383WC UT WOS:000165906500001 ER PT J AU Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Watabe, JT AF Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Watabe, JT TI Role of the interventional radiologist in treating obstetric-gynecologic pathology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION; PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME; OVARIAN VEIN EMBOLIZATION; ABSCESSES; DRAINAGE C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Clin Invest, Dept Clin Invest,KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Velling, TE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Clin Invest, Dept Clin Invest,KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 175 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1278 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 366MZ UT WOS:000090010300013 PM 11044021 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Sjogren, MH Callahan, JD Watts, DM Lucas, C Abdel-Hamid, M Constantine, NT Hyams, KC Hinostroza, S Figueroa-Barrios, R Cuthie, JC AF Sanchez, JL Sjogren, MH Callahan, JD Watts, DM Lucas, C Abdel-Hamid, M Constantine, NT Hyams, KC Hinostroza, S Figueroa-Barrios, R Cuthie, JC TI Hepatitis C in Peru: Risk factors for infection, potential iatrogenic transmission and genotype distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NON-B HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; NON-A; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A large seroepidemiologic and genotyping study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was conducted in Lima, Peru, during the periods of 1986 to 1993 (cohort A) and 1994 (cohort B). Anti-HCV seroprevalence rates were 15.6% (216 of 1,389) and 11.7% (168 of 1,438), respectively. Low rates were seen among volunteer blood donors (1.1% and 0.86). Anti-HCV rates were much higher among patients undergoing hemodialysis (43.7% and 59.3%), hemophiliacs (60.0% and 83.3%), in those more than 39 years old (18.2% and 26.0%), in females (25.0% and 27.4%), and in less-educated persons (16.9%). Age- and gender-adjusted risk factors in cohort B included blood transfusion history (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 29.8), prior organ transplantation (AOR = 9.1) or a history of hepatitis (AOR = 4.9), previous hospitalization (AOR = 3.7), a history of intravenous drug use (AOR = 3.5), prior major surgery (AOR = 2.6), a history of acupuncture (AOR = 2.1), previous dental procedures (AOR = 1.2), and prior medical injections (AOR = 1.04). The most prevalent HCV genotype was type 1 (86%), followed by type 3 (10%) and type 2 (2%). Transmission through unsafe injection-related and medical/dental procedures appears to play an important role in HCV infection among Peruvians. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Serv Hepatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Minia Univ, Dept Microbiol, Minia, Egypt. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Clin Santa Isabel, Lima, Peru. Hosp Nacl Edgardo Rebagliatti Martins, Inst Peruano Seguro Social, Lima, Peru. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 242 EP 248 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 441VM UT WOS:000169250300005 PM 11421371 ER PT J AU Freilich, D Ferris, S Wallace, M Leach, L Kallen, A Frincke, J Ahlem, C Hacker, M Nelson, D Hebert, J AF Freilich, D Ferris, S Wallace, M Leach, L Kallen, A Frincke, J Ahlem, C Hacker, M Nelson, D Hebert, J TI 16 alpha-bromoepiandrosterone, a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) analogue, inhibits Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei growth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; SERUM DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; MALARIA; SULFATE; PROTECTION; INFECTIONS; CELLS AB Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its analogue, 16 alpha -bromoepiandrosterone (alpha -epi-Br), may have activity against viral and parasitic infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Cryptosporidium parvum. Therefore, we evaluated its antimalarial effects on Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. In vitro, chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum parasitized red blood cells were incubated with escalating doses of alpha -epi-Br or CQ. In vivo, 62 rats were infected with P. berghei and treated with CQ or alpha -epi-Br. At the highest doses tested against a CQ-sensitive strain, parasitemias decreased from 25.4% in the saline control group to 4.3% and 4.8% in the alpha -epi-Br and CQ groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Against two CQ-resistant strains, parasitemias decreased from 22.3-28.8% and 24.8-30% in the CQ and saline groups, respectively, to 2.5-2.7% in the -epi-Br groups (P = 0.003). In vivo, on Day 4, parasitemias decreased from 23% in the saline group to 9-12% and 12% in the in alpha -epi-Br and CQ groups, respectively (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that -epi-Br shows activity against CQ-sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum in vitro. At the doses tested against P. berghei in vivo in rats, alpha -epi-Br is comparable to CQ. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Surg, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Hollis Eden Pharmaceut, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Freilich, D (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 280 EP 283 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 441VM UT WOS:000169250300012 PM 11421378 ER PT J AU Arnaud, FG Khirabadi, BS Fahy, GM AF Arnaud, FG Khirabadi, BS Fahy, GM TI Normothermic blood perfusion of isolated rabbit kidneys - II. In vitro evaluation of renal function followed by orthotopic transplantation SO ASAIO JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VIABILITY ASSAYS; PRESERVATION; ACTIVATION; PULSATILE; HEPARIN; INJURY AB This study describes the use of a blood perfusion apparatus to assess the renal function of isolated kidneys. Eight fresh kidneys were obtained from healthy rabbits and perfused with blood at 36 degreesC for 2 hours. Rabbit blood was drawn and diluted to a hematocrit of 25%. The kidneys were evaluated for their capacity to support life in an autograft model. Blood and urine samples were taken at regular time intervals during kidney perfusion. Serum creatinine was measured in surviving rabbits after transplantation. Over the course of the perfusion, arterial pressure was maintained at 87.2 +/- 5.5 mm Hg. The renal blood flow (3.7 /-+ 1.0 ml/min per g) and urine output (0.11 +/- 0.04 ml/min per g) were continuously monitored. Glomerular filtration rate (0.29 +/- 0.02 ml/min per g) and fractional reabsorption (FR) of sodium and glucose indicated appreciable tubular function (FRNa = 67.9 +/- 8.5%, FRGlu = 91.2 +/- 5.8%). Protein was excluded from urine at 99.8% +/- 0.1%. After transplantation, the peak creatinine was 6.8 +/- 3.2 mg/dl at 1.90 +/- 0.92 days for the seven surviving rabbits and was above 16 mg/dl for the only rabbit that died 4 days after operation. The level of free hemoglobin generated at the end of the perfusion (2.6% +/- 2.8%) was correlated with the postoperative peak creatinine (r(2) = 0.84). Perfusion of seven additional kidneys by using the roller pump lead to a final hemolysis of only 0.34 +/- 0.14%. Kidneys transplanted after 2 hours of blood perfusion were able to resume normal function and support life. Hemolysis was a measurable stress factor causing delayed function of the kidney after transplantation. Introduction of a roller pump significantly reduced the hemolysis. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Transfus & Cryopreservat Res PRogram, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Arnaud, FG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Transfus & Cryopreservat Res PRogram, Bldg 503,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1058-2916 J9 ASAIO J JI Asaio J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 46 IS 6 BP 707 EP 718 DI 10.1097/00002480-200011000-00011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA 374LU UT WOS:000165347300010 PM 11110268 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Fan, XH Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Richards, GT Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Saxe, DH Anderson, JE Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Nichol, RC Pier, JR York, DG AF Schneider, DP Fan, XH Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Richards, GT Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Saxe, DH Anderson, JE Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Nichol, RC Pier, JR York, DG TI Discovery of a pair of z=4.25 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; quasars : individual ID HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; TRANSIT GRISM SURVEY; SERENDIPITOUS DISCOVERY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EMISSION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM AB We report the discovery of a pair of z = 4.25 quasars with a separation of 33 ". The brighter of the two objects was identified as a high-redshift quasar candidate from Sloan Digital Sky Survey multicolor imaging data, and the redshift was measured from a spectrum obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The slit orientation of this observation by chance included another quasar, approximately 1 mag fainter and having the same redshift as the target. This is the third serendipitous discovery of a z > 4 quasar. The differences in the relative strengths and profiles of the emission lines suggest that this is a quasar pair and not a gravitational lens. The two objects are likely to be physically associated; the projected physical separation is approximately 210 h(50)(-1) kpc and the redshifts are identical to approximate to0.01, implying a radial physical separation of 950 h(50)(-1) kpc or less. The existence of this pair is strong circumstantial evidence that z similar to 4 quasars are clustered. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888588, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dps@astro.psu.edu; fan@astro.princeton.edu; strauss@astro.princeton.edu RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2183 EP 2189 DI 10.1086/316834 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YK UT WOS:000165095200001 ER PT J AU Finlator, K Ivezic, Z Fan, XH Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Rockosi, CM Anderson, JE Csabai, I Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB McKay, TA Nichol, RC Schneider, DP Smith, JA York, DG AF Finlator, K Ivezic, Z Fan, XH Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Rockosi, CM Anderson, JE Csabai, I Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB McKay, TA Nichol, RC Schneider, DP Smith, JA York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Optical and infrared colors of stars observed by the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : stellar content ID SYSTEM; DWARFS; FIELDS; MODEL AB We discuss optical and infrared photometric properties of stars matched in the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data for similar to 50 deg(2) of sky along the celestial equator centered at l = 150 degrees, b = -60 degrees. About 98% (similar to 63,000) of objects listed in the 2MASS Point Source Catalog in the analyzed area are matched within 2 " to an SDSS source. The matched sources represent 8% of the similar to 800,000 SDSS sources in this area. They are predominantly red sources, as expected, and 15% of them are resolved in SDSS imaging data although they are detected as point sources in 2MASS data. The distribution of positional discrepancies for the matched sources and the astrometric statistics for the multiply observed SDSS sources imply that the astrometric accuracy of both surveys is about 0."1 per coordinate (rms). For about 14,000 stars with the smallest photometric errors (less than or similar to 10%) in both surveys, we present optical and infrared color-magnitude and color-color diagrams. We use optical (SDSS) colors to identify the stellar spectral sequence and show that stars of different spectral types can have similar infrared colors, thus making the classification of stars based on only 2MASS data very difficult. However, a broad separation into "early" and "late" spectral types (relative to type KO) is possible with a reliability of similar to 95% even with 2MASS colors alone. The distributions of matched sources in color-magnitude and color-color diagrams are compared with the predictions of a stellar population synthesis code. We find that the models are in fair overall agreement with the data. In particular, the total number counts agree to better than 10%, and the morphologies of the color-magnitude and color-color diagrams appear similar. The most significant discrepancies are found for the number ratio of "early" to "late" type stars (by about a factor of 2) and in the colors of M stars (up to 0.2 mag). The first disagreement indicates that some parameters of the standard Galactic structure model and/or initial mass function can be improved, and the second disagreement emphasizes known difficulties with the modeling of stellar atmospheres for cool stars. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Physr Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Finlator, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Finlator, Kristian/M-4809-2014; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Finlator, Kristian/0000-0002-0496-1656; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 29 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2615 EP 2626 DI 10.1086/316824 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YK UT WOS:000165095200030 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI Accurate FASTT positions and magnitudes of asteroids: 1997-1999 observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; minor planets, asteroids ID EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE FRAME; PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; CELESTIAL EQUATOR; ASTROMETRY; REFRACTION; CATALOG; MASS AB This paper presents 56,256 positions of 1940 asteroids determined in 1997-1999. The CCD observations were taken with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT) and were reduced differentially to ICRF equatorial positions using reference stars taken from the ACT star catalog. Accuracies of +/-0 " .06 were achieved in each coordinate for well-exposed images which degrade to about +/-0 " .20 for the faintest asteroids observed (V similar to 17.5). Similarly, magnitudes were determined with accuracies ranging from +/-0.03 to +/-0.11 mag. These observations provide a large database of accurate and homogeneously determined positions and magnitudes for most of the first 2000 numbered asteroids and other specially selected objects which can be used to calculate dynamical masses for asteroids, support spacecraft missions such as Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous and Deep Space 1, significantly improve the accuracies of occultation predictions, and by using the photometry, investigate the shapes, binary statuses, precessions, and opposition effects for a large number of asteroids. This is an ongoing observational project, and some early results are reported. In particular, asteroids with diameters smaller than 75 km appear to be more irregular in shape than their larger counterparts. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2708 EP 2720 DI 10.1086/316813 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YK UT WOS:000165095200039 ER PT J AU Aulanier, G Srivastava, N Martin, SF AF Aulanier, G Srivastava, N Martin, SF TI Model prediction for an observed filament SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CONFIGURATIONS SUPPORTING PROMINENCES; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; TWISTED FLUX-TUBE; FORCE-FREE FIELD; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; MHD SIMULATION; CURRENT SHEET; LATERAL FEET; EVOLUTION AB This paper presents the results of a "blind test" for modeling the structure of an observed filament using the three-dimensional magnetohydrostatic model recently developed by Aulanier et al. in 1999. The model uses a constant shear a, and it takes into account the effects of pressure and gravity. The test consisted of predicting the structure of a filament (observed in the southern hemisphere) with a minimum observational input: only a line-of-sight magnetogram, with a straight line drawn on it to show the location of the filament, was provided. The filament was chosen by the observers (N. S. and S. F. M.) because it had a definite overall left-handed structural pattern known as sinistral but the direction of component of the magnetic field along the filament axis was uncertain from the combination of Ha data and magnetograms. The modeler (G. A.) evaluated and fixed the values of some of the free parameters of the model while some others were varied in reasonable ranges. The Ha image of the filament was revealed only after the modeling. For alpha > 0, the three-dimensional distribution of magnetic dips computed by the model fairly well reproduces the structure of the filament and its barbs. Moreover, the models for which alpha < 0 do not match well the observations. This study then shows the first successful theoretical prediction for the magnetic field of an observed filament. It shows that the method based on the Aulanier et al. model is a powerful tool, not only for purposes of modeling, but also for prediction of the chirality, helicity, and morphology of observed filaments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Helio Res, La Crescenta, CA 91214 USA. RP Aulanier, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7675A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aulanier@godzilla.ntl.navy.mil NR 62 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 543 IS 1 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1086/317095 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 374XB UT WOS:000165368800045 ER PT J AU Hollis, JM Pedelty, JA Forster, JR White, SM Boboltz, DA Alcolea, J AF Hollis, JM Pedelty, JA Forster, JR White, SM Boboltz, DA Alcolea, J TI R Aquarii: Constraints on the rotational period of the long-period variable SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : individual (R Aquarii); stars : rotation; stars : variables : other; techniques : interferometric ID MASER EMISSION; RESOLUTION; STARS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report Very Large Array (VLA) observations taken in 1996 November and 1998 May of the nu = 1, J = 1-0, SiO maser line and BIMA array observations taken in 1999 December and 2000 February of the nu = 1, J = 2-1, SiO maser line associated with the long-period variable (LPV) in the R Aquarii binary system that suggest rotation of the maser shell. From these interferometric data cubes, we determine that the maser shell rotation axis is approximately northeast-southwest, thus aligning approximately with the direction of the R Aqr jet; the sense of the maser shell rotation is such that northwest is approaching and southeast is receding; the period of rotation is similar to 17 yr. Alternatively, co-adding 72 time series spectra of the nu = 1, J = 1-0, SiO maser line obtained during the period 1984 July-1990 May with a single-dish antenna, we constructed a composite spectral emission envelope that shows the LSR velocity limits of maser emission over this epoch. From this composite spectral emission envelope and Very Long Baseline Array observations in 1996 February of the 1, J = 1-0, SiO maser line, which show the maximal spatial extent of the maser shell, we obtain a shell rotation period of similar to 18 yr, which is in excellent agreement with the VLA and BIMA array results and represents the maximum rotation period of the LPV if corotating with the maser shell. On the other hand, we obtain a minimum rotation period for the LPV of similar to5 yr if the LPV supplies material to the maser shell under the constraint of conservation of angular momentum. The similar to5-18 yr range for the rotational period of the LPV determined here and the similar to 18 yr rotational period for the hot companion determined by previous investigators suggest that tidal effects at successive periastron passages in the R Aqr binary system are tending to synchronize these stellar rotational periods to the orbital period of similar to 44 yr. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Hat Creek Radio Observ, Hat Creek, CA 96040 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Astron Nacl, E-2880 Alcala De Henares, Spain. RP Hollis, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 543 IS 1 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/318164 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 374XD UT WOS:000165369000019 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, YM TI EIT waves and fast-mode propagation in the solar corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; waves ID SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; FIELD; FLARE; TRANSIENT; ORIGIN; BURSTS AB During the onset of coronal mass ejections, a front of enhanced EUV emission is sometimes seen to propagate away from a-flaring active region across the solar disk. We present model simulations to test the hypothesis that these transients (called "EIT waves") represent fast-mode MHD waves. The distribution of the magnetosonic velocity nu (f) in the corona is determined using a current-free extrapolation of the measured photospheric field and a density scaling law for coronal loops. In agreement with observations, the waves are deflected away from active regions and coronal holes, where nu (f) is large; they are also refracted upward as they propagate away from their initiation point, since nu (f) falls off rapidly above active regions. The average surface-projected expansion speeds are only of order 200 km s(-1), comparable to or somewhat smaller than those of EIT waves observed during 1997-1998. The model is unable to account for the velocities in excess of 600 km s(-1) associated with Moreton waves and type II radio bursts unless it is assumed that the initial disturbance has the form of a strong, super-Alfvenic shock. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 138 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 543 IS 1 BP L89 EP L93 DI 10.1086/318178 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 374XD UT WOS:000165369000021 ER PT J AU Droegemeier, KK Smith, JD Businger, S Doswell, C Doyle, J Duffy, C Foufoula-Georgiou, E Graziano, T James, LD Krajewski, V LeMone, M Lettenmaier, D Mass, C Pielke, R Ray, P Rutledge, S Schaake, J Zipser, E AF Droegemeier, KK Smith, JD Businger, S Doswell, C Doyle, J Duffy, C Foufoula-Georgiou, E Graziano, T James, LD Krajewski, V LeMone, M Lettenmaier, D Mass, C Pielke, R Ray, P Rutledge, S Schaake, J Zipser, E TI Hydrological aspects of weather prediction and flood warnings: Report of the Ninth Prospectus Development Team of the US Weather Research Program SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLASH-FLOOD; RADAR; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Among the many natural disasters that disrupt human and industrial activity in the United States each year, including tornadoes, hurricanes, extreme temperatures, and lightning, floods are among the most devastating and rank second in the loss of life. Indeed, the societal impact of floods has increased during the past few years and shows no sign of abating. Although the scientific questions associated with flooding and its accurate prediction are many and complex, an unprecedented opportunity now exists-in light of new observational and computing systems and infrastructures, a much improved understanding of small-scale meteorological and hydrological processes, and the availability of sophisticated numerical models and data assimilation systems-to attack the flood forecasting problem in a comprehensive manner that will yield significant new scientific insights and corresponding practical benefits. The authors present herein a set of recommendations for advancing our understanding of floods via the creation of natural laboratories situated in a variety of local meteorological and hydrological settings. Emphasis is given to floods caused by convection and cold season events, fronts and extratropical cyclones, orographic forcing, and hurricanes and tropical cyclones following landfall. Although the particular research strategies applied within each laboratory setting will necessarily vary, all will share the following principal elements: (a) exploitation of those couplings important to flooding that exist between meteorological and hydrological processes and models; (b) innovative use of operational radars, research radars, satellites, and rain gauges to provide detailed spatial characterizations of precipitation fields and rates, along with the use of this information in hydrological models and for improving and validating microphysical algorithms in meteorological models; (c) comparisons of quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms from both research (especially multiparameter) and operational radars against gauge data as well as output produced by meso- and storm-scale models; (d) use of data from dense, temporary river gauge networks to trace the fate of rain from its starting location in small basins to the entire stream and river network; and (e) sensitivity testing in the design and implementation of separate as well as coupled meteorological and hydrologic models, the latter designed to better represent those nonlinear feedbacks between the atmosphere and land that are known to play an important role in runoff prediction. Vital to this effort will be the creation of effective and sustained linkages between the historically separate though scientifically related disciplines of meteorology and hydrology, as well as their observational infrastructures and research methodologies. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN USA. Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Droegemeier, KK (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Sakeys Energy Ctr Suite 1310,100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2665 EP 2680 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2665:HAOWPA>2.3.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 370BB UT WOS:000165101300007 ER PT J AU Naciri, J Fang, JY Moore, M Shenoy, D Dulcey, CS Shashidhar, R AF Naciri, J Fang, JY Moore, M Shenoy, D Dulcey, CS Shashidhar, R TI Photosensitive triethoxysilane derivatives for alignment of liquid crystals SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLAR ANCHORING STRENGTH; SILICA-GEL; CROSS-POLARIZATION; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; PRETILT ANGLE; SURFACE; SI-29; (GAMMA-AMINOPROPYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE; 3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE AB Synthesis of a new class of triethoxysilane materials for photoinduced orientation of liquid crystals is reported. A feature of these silanes is the incorporation of a photosensitive chromophore in the chemical structure. This leads to the formation of a complete monolayer with smooth surface morphology. The effect of varying the chemical structure on the kinetics of monolayer formation as well as on the alignment of liquid crystals is discussed. Short hydrocarbon chains at the far end of the silane molecule lead to a uniform planar alignment while longer chains induce a perpendicular alignment of liquid crystal molecules. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3288 EP 3295 DI 10.1021/cm000606m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 376NC UT WOS:000165462800012 ER PT J AU Boos, SC AF Boos, SC TI Constrictive asphyxia: A recognizable form of fatal child abuse SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child abuse; rib fracture; asphyxiation; homicide; confession ID SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH; TRAUMATIC ASPHYXIA; VENTILATORY RESPONSE; HYPOXIA C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Ctr Child Protect, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Boos, SC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Armed Forces Ctr Child Protect, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1507 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00196-4 PG 5 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 375FG UT WOS:000165388400011 PM 11128181 ER PT J AU Frenck, RW Nakhla, I Sultan, Y Bassily, SB Girgis, YF David, J Butler, TC Girgis, NI Morsy, M AF Frenck, RW Nakhla, I Sultan, Y Bassily, SB Girgis, YF David, J Butler, TC Girgis, NI Morsy, M TI Azithromycin versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT SALMONELLA-TYPHI; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; INVITRO ACTIVITY; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; CIPROFLOXACIN; CHLORAMPHENICOL; EFFICACY; INFECTION; OFLOXACIN AB A total of 108 children aged 4-17 years were randomized to receive 7 days of azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day; maximum, 500 mg/day) or ceftriaxone (75 mg/kg/day; maximum, 2.5 g/day), to assess the efficacy of the agents for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever. Salmonella typhi was isolated from the initial cultures of blood samples from 64 patients. A total of 31 (91%) of the 34 patients treated with azithromycin and 29 (97%) of the 30 patients treated with ceftriaxone were cured (P >.05). All 64 isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and ceftriaxone, Of the patients treated with ceftriaxone, 4 subsequently had relapse of their infection. No serious side effects occurred in any study subject. Oral azithromycin administered once daily appears to be effective for the treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in children. If these results are confirmed, the agent could be a convenient alternative far the treatment of typhoid fever, especially in individuals in developing countries where medical resources are scarce. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Branch, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Pfizer Pharmaceut, Cairo, Egypt. Texas Tech Univ, Sch Med, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Frenck, RW (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Branch, PSC 452,Box 121,Attent Code 101C, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 25 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.1086/317450 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 380LY UT WOS:000165704400006 PM 11073741 ER PT J AU Hallock, ZR Small, J George, J Field, RL Scott, JC AF Hallock, ZR Small, J George, J Field, RL Scott, JC TI Shoreward propagation of internal waves at the Malin Shelf edge SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shoreward propagation; internal waves; Malin Shelf edge ID NORTH-WEST SHELF; GENERATION; MODEL; OCEAN AB A novel analysis method, suitable for first-mode internal waves, is employed to examine moored temperature and current data at the Malin Shelf edge. Current velocity and temperature profile time series data from two moorings at the Malin Shelf edge for a five day period in August 1996 exhibit-high frequency (0.2-3.5 h(-1)) variability which is attributed to bursts of internal wave activity. Analysis shows that the predominant direction of propagation direction is shoreward, perpendicular to depth contours. Explicit temporal variability of propagation direction and wave intensity are examined. Internal wave parameters estimated in the analysis are consistent with linear normal mode theory with respect to vertical structure. An independent estimate of phase propagation speed is also consistent with linear theory. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Def & Evaluat Res Lab, Winfrith, Dorset, England. RP Hallock, ZR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 20 IS 15 BP 2045 EP 2057 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00058-3 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 372JC UT WOS:000165229700006 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Graph theory and the passivity of binary alloys SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alloy; stainless steel; modelling studies; passive films; passivity ID FE-CR ALLOYS; PERCOLATION MODEL; FILMS; IRON; CORROSION; PASSIVATION; CHLORIDE; WATER AB The passivity of a binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of -M-O-M- bridges in the oxide film, where M is the component of the binary alloy having the oxide of the lower free energy of formation. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide, given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the -M-O-M- network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film, which is then related to the concentration of alloying element in the metal alloy by means of experimental surface analysis data. The results of this analysis for Fe-Cr, Ni-Cr, Cu-Ni, and Fe-Si are each in good agreement with experimental observations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1993 EP 2011 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00038-X PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 359XP UT WOS:000089637600009 ER PT J AU Tucker, JB Rao, MV Holland, OW Chi, PH Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Papanicolaou, N AF Tucker, JB Rao, MV Holland, OW Chi, PH Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Papanicolaou, N TI Material and n-p junction characteristics of As- and Sb-implanted SiC SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SiC; ion-implantation; arsenic; antimony ID HIGH-POWER DEVICES; SILICON-CARBIDE; ION-IMPLANTATION; NITROGEN IMPLANTS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; ACTIVATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; DEFECTS AB Single and multiple energy As and Sb implantations were performed into p-type 6H-SiC epitaxial layers at room temperature (RT) and 800 degreesC. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements showed severe implant loss for annealing temperatures > 1500 degreesC. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/channeling (RBS/C) measurements indicated a high degree of residual lattice damage for RT implantations even after 1600 degreesC annealing while less damage was detected in 800 degreesC implanted samples. Electrical activations (ratios of sheet carrier concentrations to implant doses) of 11 and 20% were measured for 800 degreesC As and Sb implantations annealed at 1500 degreesC, respectively. The Schottky capacitance-voltage profiling measurements indicated substitutional concentrations in the low 10(18) cm(-3) range for both As and Sb. Based on the experimental data, carrier ionization energies of 130 and 88 meV were estimated for As and Sb donors, respectively. Vertical n-p junction diodes were made by using multiple energy As and Sb implanted epitaxial layers Elevated temperature As implanted diodes exhibited a room temperature reverse leakage current of approximate to 8 x 10 A/cm(2) with no passivation at - 100 V bias and a forward series resistance of 460 Ohm. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1887 EP 1896 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00340-X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 371RC UT WOS:000165191100009 ER PT J AU Hawes, A Adams, T AF Hawes, A Adams, T TI Causes and effects of corrosion in plastic IC packages SO ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB As package sizes are reduced the barrier to the ingress of materials that can cause corrosion are also reduced. This feature offers a unique perspective on the problems of corrosion when the special requirements of the military (US Navy) systems are part of the long term reliability equation. The physical view of the problem is provided by means of acoustic imaging, As packages continue to shrink, with boards and packages converging the potential for the effects of corrosion remain an important consideration for designers at all levels. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN USA. RP Hawes, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN TECHNICAL LTD PI LONDON PA 30 CALDERWOOD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND SE18 6QH SN 0013-4902 J9 ELECTRON ENG JI Electron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 72 IS 886 BP S97 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 377FT UT WOS:000165503200016 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Gauger, PR Patterson, CH Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, PT Gauger, PR Patterson, CH Kusterbeck, AW TI On-site immunoanalysis of nitrate and nitroaromatic compounds in groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISPLACEMENT FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPLOSIVES TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; SAMPLES; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; IMMUNOASSAY; BIOSENSORS AB A miniaturized field-portable immunosensor (FAST 2000) was field tested at former military munitions sites for the detection and quantitation of TNT and RDX in groundwater. Developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and engineered by Research International, Inc. (Woodinville, WA), the immunosensor performed on-site analysis of contaminated groundwater at three military bases identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as priority Superfund cleanup sites. The locations were Naval Submarine Base, SUBASE Banger, Banger, WA; Umatilla Army Depot Activity, Umatilla, OR; and Naval Surface Weapons Center, Crane, IN. The immunosensor uses an antibody as the recognition element for the explosive molecule in a displacement assay format. Detection of the explosive molecule contained in groundwater is confirmed by an increase in fluorescence over background from the displaced cyanine-labeled explosive analogue. At each site, groundwater samples containing unknown concentrations of explosives were collected from monitoring wells and analyzed on-site by the portable immunosensor with no sample pretreatment or concentration. Groundwater samples were split and shipped to an independent certified U.S. EPA laboratory for analysis using SW-846 Method 8330 (HPLC). Statistical analysis based on linear regression curves comparing the immunosensor and the HPLC method showed good correlation, although site-dependent problems were encountered with some samples. The immunosensor required small sample volumes (150 muL/test) and less than 3 min to analyze samples with a method detection limit of 10 mug/L in the laboratory-spiked samples. The results from this field demonstration show the viability of the immunosensor for on-site analysis of explosives to assist in environmental remediation and monitoring efforts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Kusterbeck, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 21 BP 4641 EP 4650 DI 10.1021/es001099c PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370JV UT WOS:000165120800048 ER PT J AU O'Boyle, JD Coleman, RL Bernstein, SG Lifshitz, S Muller, CY Miller, DS AF O'Boyle, JD Coleman, RL Bernstein, SG Lifshitz, S Muller, CY Miller, DS TI Intraoperative lymphatic mapping in cervix cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy: A pilot study SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Western-Association-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY JUN 02-05, 1999 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Western Assoc Gynecol Oncologists DE cervical cancer; lymphatic mapping; isosulfan blue; sentinel node ID BREAST-CANCER; SENTINEL NODE; ISOSULFAN BLUE; VULVAR CANCER; LYMPHADENECTOMY; CARCINOMA; MELANOMA; IDENTIFICATION; LYMPHAZURIN; WOMEN AB Objective. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node identification (SLN) have been increasingly evaluated in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer and melanoma. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of these procedures in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for treatment of early cervical cancer. Methods. Twenty patients with normal-appearing lymph nodes underwent intracervical injection of isosulfan blue dye (lymphazurin 1%) at the time of planned radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic/low paraortic lymphadenectomy (40 nodal basins). Regional lymphatic tissue was inspected for dye uptake into lymphatic channels and lymph nodes. Tumor characteristics, surgical findings, and specific locations of lymphatic dye uptake were recorded and correlated with final pathology results. Results. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 12 of 20 (60%) patients. A total of 23 sentinel nodes were identified in 17 of 40 (43%) nodal basins dissected (range: 0-2 per basin). Successful SLN identification was less likely in patients with tumors >4 cm compared with those with tumors less than or equal to4 cm (P = 0.035). Of 4 patients with metastatic nodal disease, 3 had tumor involving a SLN; the fourth had no identifiable SLN (inadequate study). In all, 3 of 8 lymph nodes with confirmed metastatic disease were identified using this technique. Conclusion. SLN identification and intraoperative lymphatic mapping are feasible and safe. Lymphatic dye uptake appears to be less reliable in patients with larger tumors. Although sentinel node pathology was representative of the lymphatic basin sampled in all cases, the rate of SLN identification was low with this technique. Lymphatic mapping procedures should be further investigated in the treatment of early cervix cancer. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Presbyterian Hosp, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. RP Coleman, RL (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,Suite J7-124, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RI Miller, David/H-4604-2011 OI Miller, David/0000-0002-8215-5887 NR 22 TC 96 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 79 IS 2 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5930 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 372PD UT WOS:000165241500018 PM 11063651 ER PT J AU Kopke, RD Weisskopf, PA Boone, JL Jackson, RL Wester, DC Hoffer, ME Lambert, DC Charon, CC Ding, DL McBride, D AF Kopke, RD Weisskopf, PA Boone, JL Jackson, RL Wester, DC Hoffer, ME Lambert, DC Charon, CC Ding, DL McBride, D TI Reduction of noise-induced hearing loss using L-NAC and salicylate in the chinchilla SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; loud noise; evoked potential; hair cell; chinchilla ID ACOUSTIC OVERSTIMULATION; GUINEA-PIG; INNER-EAR; KAPPA-B; DAMAGE; EXPOSURE; ORGAN; ASPIRIN; CORTI; MODES AB The effects of a combination of two antioxidant compounds were studied in a chinchilla model of noise-induced hearing loss. After obtaining baseline threshold using inferior colliculus evoked potentials, chinchillas were exposed for 6 h to octave band noise centered at 4 kHz (105 dB SPL). Post-noise thresholds were obtained h after the noise exposure, and then animals received either saline or salicylate and N-L-acetylcysteine combination. Another group received antioxidant treatment 1 h prior to noise. Rearing was tested at 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-noise. Subsequently, the cochleae were harvested, and cytocochleograms were prepared. There was a 20-40 dB SPL threshold shift at 3 weeks for tested controls. Permanent threshold shifts (PTS) were significantly reduced similar to the pre-treatment group at 1 and 2 kHz (0-10 dB) but was intermediate between the control and pre-treatment groups at 4 and 8 kHz (23 dB). Animals pre-treated with antioxidant had a significant reduction in hair cell loss but those post-treated with antioxidant had no protection from hair cell loss. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of reduction of noise-induced hearing loss using clinically available antioxidant compounds. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Hearing & Deafness, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Kopke, RD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, Suite 200,34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 39 TC 108 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 149 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(00)00176-3 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 365DP UT WOS:000089933400012 PM 11033253 ER PT J AU Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Burns, WK Carruthers, TF Duling, IN AF Dennis, ML Kaechele, WI Burns, WK Carruthers, TF Duling, IN TI Photonic serial-parallel conversion of high-speed OTDM data SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE demultiplexing; optical communication; optical time-division multiplexing; photonic switching systems AB We demonstrate full demultiplexing of a single 100-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed data stream into eight parallel 12.5-Gb/s streams, This is performed using a photonic serial-to-parallel converter based on lithium niobate intensity modulators, and requires no nonlinear optical elements. Error-free operation is obtained for each of the eight output channels. RP Dennis, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1561 EP 1563 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 380DU UT WOS:000165684100043 ER PT J AU Kragalott, M Pickles, WR Kluskens, MS AF Kragalott, M Pickles, WR Kluskens, MS TI Design of a 5 : 1 bandwidth stripline notch array from FDTD analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE element coupling; FDTD; phased arrays; stripline antenna; wide-band arrays ID TAPERED SLOT ANTENNA AB A 5:1 bandwidth stripline notch array antenna is designed from parametric investigations of flare and feed dimensions. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to perform the parametric studies. Both linear and planar single-polarization arrays are considered with half-wavelength element spacing at the highest frequency. The linear-array elements depend upon E-plane element mutual coupling to achieve wideband behavior. Edge elements, which cannot benefit from full E-plane coupling, are shown to maintain good transmit performance with the application of amplitude tapering. The planar array is shown to have a scannability (active VSWR <2) averaging 51 off broadside in the E-plane and exceeding 60 degrees in the H-plane, As an infinite planar array, the antenna is predicted to have a bandwidth exceeding 7:1 on broadside. Measurements are in good agreement with the computations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kragalott, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1733 EP 1741 DI 10.1109/8.900231 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 399QT UT WOS:000166824400005 ER PT J AU Butler, JT Dueck, GW Shmerko, VP Yanuskevich, S AF Butler, JT Dueck, GW Shmerko, VP Yanuskevich, S TI Comments on "Sympathy: Fast exact minimization of fixed polarity Reed-Muller expansion for symmetric functions" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE FPRM (fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions); two-level AND/EXOR forms; symmetric functions; logic synthesis; minimization AB The above paper(1) finds an optimal fixed-polarity Reed-Muller expansion of an n-variable totally symmetric function using an OFDD-based algorithm that requires O(n(7)) time and O(n(6)) storage space. However, an algorithm based on Suprun's transeunt triangles [1], [3], [4] requires only O(n(3)) time and O(n(2)) storage space. An implementation of this algorithm yields computation times lower by several orders of magnitude. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Comp Sci, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Tech Univ Szczecin, Inst Comp Sci & Informat Sci, PL-71210 Szczecin, Poland. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0070 EI 1937-4151 J9 IEEE T COMPUT AID D JI IEEE Trans. Comput-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1386 EP 1388 DI 10.1109/43.892862 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 393KN UT WOS:000166467900015 ER PT J AU Brockmeyer, M Jahanian, F Heitmeyer, C Winner, E AF Brockmeyer, M Jahanian, F Heitmeyer, C Winner, E TI A flexible, extensible simulation environment for testing real-time specifications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE simulation; specification; symbolic execution; monitoring and assertion checking; formal methods ID SYSTEMS AB This paper describes MTSim, an extensible, customizable simulation platform for the Modechart toolset (MT). MTSim provides support for "plugging in" user-defined viewers useful in simulating system behavior in different ways, including application-specific ways. MTSim also supports full user participation in the generation of simulations by allowing users to inject events into the execution trace. Moreover. MTSim provides monitoring and assertion checking of execution traces and the invocation of user-specified handlers upon assertion violation. This paper also introduces an MTSim component called WebSim, a suite of simulation tools for MT. and an application-specific component of MTSim which displays the cockpit of an F-18 aircraft and which responds to user inputs to model a bomb release function. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Wayne State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM mab@cs.wayne.edu; farnam@eecs.umich.edu; heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil; elly@cs.cmu.edu RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1184 EP 1201 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 374PG UT WOS:000165353100004 ER PT J AU Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W AF Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W TI Comparison of mutual coupling of blade antennas with predictions based on minimum-scattering antenna theory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE antennas; electromagnetic coupling; electromagnetic scattering; mutual coupling AB The utility of the minimum-scattering antenna model in describing the mutual coupling between two L-band aircraft blade antennas is examined, The communication and sensor requirements of many aircraft, particularly those used by the military, frequently necessitate antennas being placed in close proximity to one another. For such cases, the relatively simple minimum-scattering antenna model provides a very goad approximation of the measured mutual coupling of blade antennas and eliminates the need for solving coupled integral equations. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Allen, OE (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 42 IS 4 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1109/15.902301 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 401TB UT WOS:000166943400002 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Binari, SC Ancona, MG AF Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Binari, SC Ancona, MG TI AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor model including thermal effects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; heterojunction field effect transistors; semiconductor device modeling ID OPERATION; HEMTS; GAN AB A new AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET) model, in the framework of the gradual channel approximation and based on Monte Carlo simulations of the electron transport properties, is presented, The effects on the de HFET output characteristics arising from contact resistances, from the ungated access channels between the gate and the source and between the gate and the drain, and from self-heating are analyzed. By examining the channel potential, the ungated regions are shown to have nonlinear characteristics. The solution method uses implicit analytical relationships for the current in the gated and ungated segments of the channel that are connected hy matching boundary conditions. Thermal effects on the transport parameters associated with self-heating are included self-consistently. The model results are In very good agreement with experimental data from AlGaN/GaN HFETs fabricated on sapphire substrates. The model also identifies several device design parameters that need to be adjusted to obtain optimized performance in terms of output current and transconductance. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2000 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2031 EP 2036 DI 10.1109/16.877163 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 368UJ UT WOS:000090135700004 ER PT J AU Sletten, MA AF Sletten, MA TI Ultrawideband radar images of the surface disturbance produced by a submerged, mine-like object SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE mines; ultra-wideband radar AB This paper describes an ultrawideband, imaging radar designed to image the fine structure of the surface disturbances caused by submerged objects and presents images of the surface wake generated by a sphere immersed in a current. The system was deployed on a research pier on the Outer Banks of North Carolina as part of the Mine Surface Effects (MISE) program, a program designed to investigate the feasibility of using microwave radar to detect submerged mines. The radar achieves extremely high range resolution, approximately 4 cm, through the use of a short pulse with a 3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz and a center frequency of 9 GHz, Azimuthal imaging is achieved through the use of a linear array of receive antennas and a time-domain beam-forming technique. Radar images from the MISE program are presented which show the surface disturbance generated by a 91 cm-diameter sphere immersed in a 40-60 cm/s current. A surface wake is clearly visible in the imagery, both during the low phase of the tide, when the sphere broached the surface, and during high tide, when the sphere was completely submerged. Closer examination of the imagery reveals that when the target was fully submerged, the backscatter from the wake was primarily composed of long-lived (> 1.5 s), isolated echoes that translated downstream at a velocity close to that of the measured surface current. Photographs of the wake suggest that these echoes are generated by sharp-crested surface features that form where the slow moving water of the turbulent, subsurface wake impinges the surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2506 EP 2514 DI 10.1109/36.885198 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 377AQ UT WOS:000165490100006 ER PT J AU Barker, NS Rebeiz, GM AF Barker, NS Rebeiz, GM TI Optimization of distributed MEMS transmission-line phase shifters - U-band and W-band designs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE MEMS; microwave; millimeter-wave; phase shifter; true-time delay ID LOW INSERTION LOSS; CIRCUIT; DIODES AB The design and optimization of distributed micromechanical system (MEMS) transmission-line phase shifters at both U- and W-band is presented in this paper. The phase shifters are fabricated on 500-mum quartz with a center conductor thickness of 8000 Angstrom of gold. The U-band design results in 70 degrees /dB at 40 GHz and 90 degrees /dB at 60 GHz with a 17% change in the MEMS bridge capacitance. The W-band design results in 70 degrees /dB from 75 to 110 GHz with a 15% change in the MEMS bridge capacitance. The W-band phase-shifter performance is limited by the series resistance of the MEMS bridge, which is estimated to be 0.15 Ohm. Calculations demonstrate that the performance of the distributed MEMS phase shifter can be greatly increased if the change in the MEMS bridge capacitance can be increased to 30% or 50%, To our knowledge, these results present the best published performance at 60 and 75-110 GHz of any nonwaveguide-based phase shifter. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Barker, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1957 EP 1966 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 375GC UT WOS:000165390300023 ER PT J AU Mason, PA Hurt, WD Walters, TJ D'Andrea, JA Gajsek, P Ryan, KL Nelson, DA Smith, KI Ziriax, JM AF Mason, PA Hurt, WD Walters, TJ D'Andrea, JA Gajsek, P Ryan, KL Nelson, DA Smith, KI Ziriax, JM TI Effects of frequency, permittivity, and voxel size on predicted specific absorption rate values in biological tissue during electromagnetic-field exposure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE computer modeling; conductivity; dielectric values; dosimetry; finite difference time domain; radio-frequency radiation ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; HUMAN-MODEL; RESOLUTION; SKIN; GHZ; SAR; HZ AB Current electromagnetic-held (EMF) exposure limits have been based, in part, on the amount of energy absorbed by the whole body, However, it is known that energy is absorbed nonuniformly during EMF exposure, The development and widespread use of sophisticated three-dimensional anatomical models to calculate specific-absorption-rate (SAR) values in biological material has resulted in the need to understand how model parameters affect predicted SAR values. This paper demonstrate the effects of manipulating frequency, permittivity values, and voxel size on SAR values calculated by a finite-difference time-domain program in digital homogenous sphere models and heterogeneous models of rat and man. The predicted SAR values are compared to empirical data from infrared thermography and implanted temperature probes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Inst Publ Hlth Republ Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 48 IS 11 BP 2050 EP 2058 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 375GE UT WOS:000165390500010 ER PT J AU Szatmari, I Schultz, A Rekeczky, C Kozek, T Roska, T Chua, LO AF Szatmari, I Schultz, A Rekeczky, C Kozek, T Roska, T Chua, LO TI Morphology and autowave metric on CNN applied to bubble-debris classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE autowave metric; cellular neural networks (CNNs); Hamming and Hausdorff distances; model-based classification ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; SIMULATING NONLINEAR-WAVES; PARADIGM; ARRAY AB In this study, me present the initial results of cellular neural network (CNN)-based autowave metric to high-speed pattern recognition of gray-scale images. the application is to a problem involving separation of metallic wear deris particles from air bubbles. This problem arises in an optical-based system for determination of mechanical wear. This paper focuses on distinguishing debris particles suspended in the oil flow from air bubbles and aims to employ CNN technology to create an online fault monitoring system, For the class of engines of interest bubbles occur much more often than debris particles and the goal is to develop a classification system with an extremely low false alarm rate for missclassififed bubbles, The designed analogic CNN algorithm detects and classifies single ubbles and bubble groups using inary morphology and autowave metric, The debris particles are separated based on autowave distances computed between bubble models and the unknown objects, Initial experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm is robust and noise tolerant and when implemented on a CNN universal chip it provides a solution in real time. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Nonlinear Elect Lab, Elect Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Comp & Automat, Analogical & Neural Comp Lab, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Elect Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Szatmari, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Nonlinear Elect Lab, Elect Res Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1393 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 373AH UT WOS:000165265900016 PM 18249862 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZY Bharti, V Mai, T Xu, TB Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T Wright, KA Ting, R AF Cheng, ZY Bharti, V Mai, T Xu, TB Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T Wright, KA Ting, R TI Effect of high energy electron irradiation on the electromechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene) 50/50 and 65/35 copolymers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) COPOLYMER; POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER; ELECTROSTRICTION; RESPONSES; DILATOMETER; BEHAVIOR; FILMS AB High energy electron irradiation with a broad range dosage was carried out on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene) copolymer 65/35 mol% and 50/50 mol% films at different temperatures from room temperature to a temperature close to the melt temperature. The effect of irradiation on the properties of the Alms, such as electric field-induced strain, dielectric and polarisation behaviors, and mechanical modulus, is presented. The irradiated films can exhibit a very large electric field-induced strain, more than 4.5% longitudinal strain, and 3% transverse strain. The transverse strain of the stretched film can compare with the longitudinal strain; that of the unstretched film is much smaller than the longitudinal strain. With regard to the dielectric and polarization behaviors, we found that irradiation changes the copolymer from a typical ferroelectric to a relaxer ferroelectric in which the behavior of microregions under the electric field plays the key role. Between the two copolymers studied, we found that 65/35 copolymer is preferred for both longitudinal and transverse strain generation. A model is proposed to explain the experimental results that the amplitude of the charge electrostrictive coefficient (Q) increases with decreasing crystallinity. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. MIT, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Cheng, ZY (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008 OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1296 EP 1307 DI 10.1109/58.883518 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 371HE UT WOS:000165172200005 PM 18238675 ER PT J AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Ehman, RL Shirron, JJ AF Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Ehman, RL Shirron, JJ TI Evaluation of a material parameter extraction algorithm using MRI-based displacement measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY; ACOUSTIC STRAIN WAVES AB The performance of an inversion algorithm is investigated when applied to measured displacement data for a determination of the material parameters lambda +2 mu/rho (longitudinal wave velocity squared) and mu/rho (shear wave velocity squared) throughout an inhomogeneous test phantom. The vector displacement components throughout a test phantom subject to monochromatic shear excitation measured in time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were temporally Fourier transformed to extract the component of monochromatic excitation, and the data was delivered to the inversion algorithm. A series of inversions is presented demonstrating the effects of subsequent wavenumber filtering, polarization selection, and variation in the size of the incremental volume elements. The resulting performance is assessed, and recommendations for future efforts are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 2000 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1581 DI 10.1109/58.883546 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 371HE UT WOS:000165172200033 PM 18238703 ER PT J AU Felli, JC Kochevar, RE Gritton, BR AF Felli, JC Kochevar, RE Gritton, BR TI Rethinking project selection at the Monterey Bay Aquarium SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; applications decision analysis; multiple criteria AB In 1995, the Monterey Bay Aquarium started an experimental business unit called Electronic Outreach. Electronic Outreach's mission was to employ emerging technologies to deliver the aquarium's messages of ocean stewardship to diverse and scattered audiences. Faced with many projects from which to choose, the Electronic Outreach team wanted to determine which projects were most likely to succeed before they actually had to dedicate resources to development. We constructed two models to help them accomplish this: a multiattribute-value model to quantify a project's alignment with the aquarium's mission and a discounted-cash-flow model to quantify a project's viability as a business venture. We then combined the outputs of these two models into a two-dimensional framework to allow the Electronic Outreach team members to focus on monetary-nonmonetary trade-offs when evaluating potential projects. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Felli, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 30 IS 6 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1287/inte.30.6.49.11628 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 396JC UT WOS:000166631700004 ER PT J AU Gibson, JD Beale, GO AF Gibson, JD Beale, GO TI A geometric solution to the simultaneous bounded domain stabilization problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ROBUST STABILITY; PARAMETER SPACE; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB This paper presents an algorithmic method for solving the two-plant simultaneous bounded domain stabilization problem for SISO LTI systems. This problem has no closed form solution. The solution provides robust performance in the presence of sensor or actuator failure, or other major parameter changes. Vidyasagar (1987) studied a similar problem involving partially bounded stability domains. However, stability with respect to partially bounded domains only partially bound performance characteristics, such as control energy and transient response. The current investigation gives necessary conditions for simultaneous bounded domain stability and demonstrates a geometry-based solution algorithm which can be automated. The possible solutions to the problem and the admissible solutions are represented as sets of points in Euclidean space. The solution to the problem is found by using computational geometric techniques to detect points in the intersection of these two sets, if there is one, and deducing the simultaneous stabilizing compensator design from the points found in the intersection. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Gibson, JD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM gibsonjg@nswccd.navy.mil NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD NOV PY 2000 VL 73 IS 17 BP 1536 EP 1547 DI 10.1080/00207170050197669 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 376DD UT WOS:000165442200002 ER PT J AU Trafton, JG Kirschenbaum, SS Tsuji, TL Miyamoto, RT Ballas, JA Raymond, PD AF Trafton, JG Kirschenbaum, SS Tsuji, TL Miyamoto, RT Ballas, JA Raymond, PD TI Turning pictures into numbers: extracting and generating information from complex visualizations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL MENTAL MODELS; GRAPHICAL PERCEPTION AB We present a study of complex visualization usage by expert meteorological forecasters. We performed a protocol analysis and examined the types of visualizations they examined. We present evidence for how experts are able to make use of complex visualizations. Our findings suggest that users of complex visualizations create qualitative mental models from which they can then generate quantitative information. In order to build their qualitative mental models, forecasters integrated information across multiple visualizations and extracted primarily qualitative information from visualizations in a goal-directed manner. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications of this study. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, HCI Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Ctr Appl Res, Great Falls, VA USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, HCI Lab, Code 5513,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 827 EP 850 DI 10.1006/ijhc.2000.0419 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 376ZZ UT WOS:000165488600010 ER PT J AU Keffer, DJ Mintmire, JW AF Keffer, DJ Mintmire, JW TI Efficient parallel algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations using variable charge transfer electrostatic potentials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 2000 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP IBM Corp, HyperCube Inc, Univ Florida DE molecular dynamics; simulation; parallel algorithm; alumina; electrostatic potential ID CELL MULTIPOLE METHOD; INTERFACES; SURFACES; SYSTEMS; COULOMB AB We present an algorithm developed for the efficient computation on parallel computers of molecular dynamics simulations of materials with electrostatic potentials that allow for dynamic charge evolution. This algorithm combines a hierarchical cell multipole method for the fast evaluation of the electrostatic potential with a Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno scheme for approximate solutions to arbitrary precision of the electronegativity equalization condition, which defines charge transfer in the material. We apply this algorithm to Me simulation of a model alpha -alumina slab at equilibrium. First, we demonstrate that simple fixed-charge models yield different bulk energies than do dynamic-charge models. Second, we compare our algorithm with two previously published techniques for the simulation of dynamic charges in electrostatic materials, discussing both computational speed and numerical accuracy. We show the relative computational speed-up of this scheme over a direct evaluation of the linear equations, and show that intrinsic flaws in other approximate dynamic-charge schemes can be avoided with this approach. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mintmire, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014; OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286; Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 80 IS 4-5 BP 733 EP 742 DI 10.1002/1097-461X(2000)80:4/5<733::AID-QUA23>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 370DP UT WOS:000165108300022 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI Raw egg allergy - A potential issue in vaccine allergy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID WHITE C1 USN, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 106 IS 5 BP 990 EP 990 DI 10.1067/mai.2000.110800 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 417ZK UT WOS:000167865200030 PM 11080728 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, AD Hsu, DS Qadri, SB Cross, JO Kennedy, TA Gray, HF Ratna, BR AF Dinsmore, AD Hsu, DS Qadri, SB Cross, JO Kennedy, TA Gray, HF Ratna, BR TI Structure and luminescence of annealed nanoparticles of ZnS : Mn SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BICONTINUOUS CUBIC PHASE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE-DEPENDENCE; MELTING TEMPERATURE; DOPED NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC STATES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PRECIPITATION; MICROEMULSION; CRYSTALLITES AB Structural and light-emitting properties of nanoparticles of ZnS:Mn annealed in vacuum at temperatures up to 525 degrees C are presented. Annealing the 3.5 nm particles at temperatures up to 350 degrees C caused growth of some particles without substantial change in the luminescence or ZnS lattice. After annealing at 400-525 degrees C, the high-temperature wurtzite phase of ZnS appeared, accompanied by an increase of the average particle diameter to approximately 100 nm and a rearrangement of the Mn ions. Dramatic increase in cathodoluminescence emission was also observed and is compared to the structural information obtained from electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption fine structure, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)06421-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dinsmore, AD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, 9 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 49 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9 BP 4985 EP 4993 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)06421-5] DI 10.1063/1.1314326 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 363BL UT WOS:000089813800009 ER PT J AU Cheng, KA Yang, CH Yang, MJ AF Cheng, KA Yang, CH Yang, MJ TI Nanometer-size InAs/AlSb quantum wires: Fabrication and characterization of Aharonov-Bohm quantum rings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; TRANSPORT; OSCILLATIONS; INAS; NANOSTRUCTURES; FLUCTUATIONS; WELLS AB We report a fabrication method for laterally confining the two-dimensional electrons in InAs/AlSb single quantum wells into artificially patterned conducting wires. The minimum wire width is demonstrated to be similar to 30 nm, among the smallest reported to date. The confining potential is approximately square and abrupt, and that makes the electron's spatial distribution in the transverse direction the same as the physical width of the wire. The conducting electrons have close proximity to the surface charges, thus there is always a reduction in the elastic mean free path when the wire width decreases. Despite the reduction in mean free path, we find that the phase coherence length is approximately 1 mu m at 2.2 K, a factor of 30 larger than the minimum feature size. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)05822-9]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yang@eng.umd.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9 BP 5272 EP 5276 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)05822-9] DI 10.1063/1.1316053 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 363BL UT WOS:000089813800053 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Wu, HD Chang, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS AF Kim, WJ Wu, HD Chang, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS TI Microwave dielectric properties of strained (Ba0.4Sr0.6)TiO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BATIO3; CAPACITORS; SRTIO3; GROWTH AB Ferroelectric Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (BST) thin films grown on (001) MgO by pulsed laser deposition show a strong correlation between their structure and their microwave dielectric properties. Epitaxially grown BST films are observed by x-ray diffraction to be tetragonally distorted. The oxygen deposition pressure affects the magnitude of the tetragonal distortion (the ratio of in-plane and surface normal lattice parameters, D=a/c) of the deposited BST films. D varied from 0.996 to 1.004 at oxygen deposition pressure of 10-800 mTorr. The dielectric properties of BST films measured at microwave frequencies (1-20 GHz) exhibit an oxygen deposition pressure dependent dielectric constant (epsilon=100-600), and quality factor Q (1/tan delta=10-60). The BST film grown at the oxygen deposition pressure of 200 mTorr exhibits the highest figure of merit [% tuning in epsilon xQ(0V), where % tuning is 100x(epsilon(0)-epsilon(b))/epsilon(0), and epsilon(0) and epsilon(b) are dielectric constant at 0 and 80 kV/cm]. This corresponds to the film with the lowest distortion (D=1.001). The observed microwave properties of the films are explained by a phenomenological thermodynamic theory based on the strain along in-plane direction of the films. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01022-7]. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Horwitz, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9 BP 5448 EP 5451 DI 10.1063/1.1314619 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 363BL UT WOS:000089813800083 ER PT J AU Holt, WH Mock, W Santiago, F AF Holt, WH Mock, W Santiago, F TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indication of decomposition species in the residue of shocked polytetrafluoroethylene powder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Forty-eight percent porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder placed inside a steel closed container has been impact shock loaded with a gas gun and soft recovered. The initial stress in the powder is calculated to be 7.2 kbar. The residue in the container showed dark regions where the originally white powder had decomposed to form black soot. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze in situ a portion of a dark region. The resulting spectrum showed a large amorphous carbon peak that was not observed in the unshocked powder spectrum. In addition, the shocked material showed several peaks containing hydrogen and/or oxygen, suggesting reactions of dissociation products with ambient air and/or water vapor in the polymer pores or possibly with residual water in the polymer. (The residual gas analyzer in the XPS system detected water vapor in the unshocked specimen.) Both spectra showed peaks corresponding to the PTFE linear polymer chain F-C-F. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01222-6]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Holt, WH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9 BP 5485 EP 5486 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)01222-6] DI 10.1063/1.1314870 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 363BL UT WOS:000089813800089 ER PT J AU van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Manoharan, PK Demoulin, P Aulanier, G Mandrini, CH Lopez-Fuentes, M Schmieder, B Orlando, S Thompson, B Plunkett, S AF van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Manoharan, PK Demoulin, P Aulanier, G Mandrini, CH Lopez-Fuentes, M Schmieder, B Orlando, S Thompson, B Plunkett, S TI Initiation of CMEs: the role of magnetic twist SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUGG/IAGA General Assembly CY JUL, 1999 CL UNIV BIRMINGHAM, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP IUGG, IAGA, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys HO UNIV BIRMINGHAM DE coronal mass ejections; magnetic twist ID CONFIGURATIONS SUPPORTING PROMINENCES; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX-ROPE MODELS; SOLAR-A MISSION; ERUPTIVE FLARES; MAXIMUM ENERGY; LATERAL FEET; FIELD; RECONNECTION; RADIO AB Recent multiwavelength observations, modelling results and theoretical developments indicate the importance of twisted magnetic configurations in solar active regions (ARs) in the initiation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Through multiwavelength analysis of a few representative events we make an attempt to provide constraints for CME models. The two events presented here in detail start with the expansion of sigmoids (S- or inverse S-shaped loops) observed in soft X-rays. Both events (on 25 October 1994 and 14 October 1995) occurred before the launch of the SOHO spacecraft, but indirect evidences (i.,e. signatures of an outward propagation traced up to approximate to 20 solar radii and an associated magnetic cloud) suggest that both of them were related to CMEs. We show evidence that sigmoids are the coronal manifestations of twisted magnetic flux tubes, which start expanding presumably due to a loss of equilibrium, It is noteworthy that the analysed CMEs occurred in a complex (not simply bipolar) magnetic environment and in all cases we found evidences of the interaction (magnetic reconnection) with the surrounding fields. We propose a scenario for sigmoid expansion related CME events and suggest that twisted magnetic configurations are good candidates for being source regions of CMEs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Observ Paris, DASOP, F-92195 Meudon, France. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Radio Astron Ctr, NCRA, Udhagamandalam, Ooty, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, CSI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. CONICET, IAFE, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Osservatorio Astron Palermo GS Vaiana, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP van Driel-Gesztelyi, L (reprint author), Observ Paris, DASOP, F-92195 Meudon, France. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; OI Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532; Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022; Orlando, Salvatore/0000-0003-2836-540X NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 16 BP 1437 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00087-0 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 377PK UT WOS:000165521900004 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Guo, WP Plunkett, SP Schmieder, B Simnett, GM AF Wu, ST Guo, WP Plunkett, SP Schmieder, B Simnett, GM TI Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) initiation: models and observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUGG/IAGA General Assembly CY JUL, 1999 CL UNIV BIRMINGHAM, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP IUGG, IAGA, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys HO UNIV BIRMINGHAM ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; SOLAR CORONA; FLUX ROPE; STREAMER; MHD; FLARES; LASCO AB We use three observed coronal mass ejection (CME) events and numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulation models to illustrate three distinct CME initiation processes: (1) streamer destabilization due to increase of currents, via increase of axial fields, of the flux-rope, (2) photospheric shear and (3) plasma flow induced CME. The 3 January 1998 event is used to illustrate the streamer destabilization process to initiate a CME because the observed height-time curve indicates that the prominence eruption proceeds the CME initiation. We interpret this CME as being initiated because of destabilization of the streamer due to the upward motion of the flux-rope by the additional Lorentz (J x B) force. On the other hand, the 22 June 1998 event shows that the CME was launched prior to the prominence eruption. This case is modeled by shear-induced loss-of-equilibrium The last case is entirely different from the previous two. The morphology of the 5 October 1996 event does not show any relation with the filament/flux-rope. We modeled this event by introducing a plasma flow. Using the observations and MHD models, we conclude that the first two categories are flux-rope driven, because the energy source, which propels the CME, is stored in the flux-rope, and the third category is driven by an assumed plasma flow with the effects of fast solar wind, because this CME appears at the boundary region of a streamer and coronal hole. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, DASOP, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 16 BP 1489 EP 1498 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00125-5 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 377PK UT WOS:000165521900009 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Reynolds, MA Liemohn, MW AF Ganguli, G Reynolds, MA Liemohn, MW TI The plasmasphere and advances in plasmaspheric research SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE plasmasphere; inner magnetosphere ID EARTHS MAGNETIC EQUATOR; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ELF HISS EMISSIONS; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; RADIO-INTERFEROMETER; SUPERTHERMAL ELECTRONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE AB A review is made of recent major advances in plasmaspheric research; important results have emerged from those concerning a variety of plasmasphere features. Both experiments and modeling efforts have progressed. A number of unknowns still persist, however, but research is underway toward their clarification. These clarifications are essential for obtaining a predictive capability of the near-Earth space weather in the plasmasphere region. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631 NR 110 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 62 IS 17-18 BP 1647 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00117-6 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394XX UT WOS:000166550600008 ER PT J AU Mott, DR Oran, ES van Leer, B AF Mott, DR Oran, ES van Leer, B TI A quasi-steady-state solver for the stiff ordinary differential equations of reaction kinetics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quasi-steady-state; reacting flow; stiff ODE; operator-split methods ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; STRONG IGNITION; INTEGRATION; DETONATION; WEAK AB A quasi-steady-state method is presented that integrates stiff differential equations arising from reaction kinetics. This predictor-corrector method is A-stable for linear equations and second-order accurate. The method is used for all species regardless of the time scales of the individual equations, and it works well for problems typical of hydrocarbon combustion. Start-up costs are low, making the method ideal for use in process-split reacting-flow simulations which require the solution of an initial-value problem in every computational cell for every global time step. The algorithm is described, and error analysis and linear stability analysis are included. The algorithm is also applied to several test problems, and the results are compared to those of the stiff integrator CHEMEQ. The method, which we call alpha -QSS, is more stable, more accurate, and less costly than CHEMEQ. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mott, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 38 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 164 IS 2 BP 407 EP 428 DI 10.1006/jcph.2000.6605 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 371WX UT WOS:000165203200007 ER PT J AU Ryu, YR Kim, WJ White, HW AF Ryu, YR Kim, WJ White, HW TI Fabrication of homostructural ZnO p-n junctions SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE homostructural ZnO p-n junctions; arsenic dopant; aluminum dopant ID DEPOSITION; GROWTH; FILMS AB For the first time homostructural zinc-oxide (ZnO)-based p-n juctions are successfully fabricated. As-doped ZnO films are used for the p-type sides and Al-doped ZnO films for the n-type sides of p-n junctions. ZnO films have been deposited on p-type GaAs substrates by pulsed laser ablation in an ambient gas of oxygen to reduce oxygen vacancies. The ambient gas pressure was 40mTorr and the substrate temperature was 350-450 degreesC. The current-to-voltage (I-V) curves of the ZnO films very clearly show the characteristics of p-n junctions. This is the first demonstration of a p-n junction fabricated entirely with ZnO. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ryu, YR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 9 TC 141 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2000 VL 219 IS 4 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00731-4 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 369XD UT WOS:000165092300015 ER PT J AU Baugh, W Quigley, MM Barrett, TL AF Baugh, W Quigley, MM Barrett, TL TI Palisaded angioleiomyoma SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHWANNOMA AB Background: We report a case of a palisaded angioleiomyoma, a histopathologic variant of angioleiomyoma with prominent Verocay body formation. Results: A healthy 31-year-old male requested removal of a subcutaneous nodule on the back of his head. The striking Verocay-like body formation of this tumor led to an initial frozen section diagnosis of neurilemoma. On hematoxylin and eosin staining, areas consistent with an angioleiomyoma were found as well. Immunohistochemistry gave positive reactions for actin and desmin, but was negative for S-100. Conclusions: To our knowledge this morphologic pattern in an angioleiomyoma has not been previously described. Palisaded angioleiomyoma should be added to the ever-expanding list of tumors that demonstrate nuclear palisades. (C) Munksgaard 2000. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Baugh, W (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2000.027010526.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 371MB UT WOS:000165181800006 PM 11100812 ER PT J AU Lee, DC Greene, T Dougherty, T Pearigen, P AF Lee, DC Greene, T Dougherty, T Pearigen, P TI Fatal nifedipine ingestions in children SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Academy-of-Clinical-Toxicology CY SEP, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP N Amer Acad Clin Toxicol DE nifedipine; mortality; poisoning; pediatrics; concentrations ID OVERDOSE; TOXICITY AB Nifedipine is a prototypical dihydropyridine calcium channel "blocker" that can cause hypotension and cardiac conduction abnormalities. When compared to other calcium channel antagonists, overdoses have been reported to be relatively benign with treatment consisting mainly of supportive care. We report two pediatric cases of death secondary to accidental ingestion of long acting nifedipine (Adalat), Both cases did not respond to aggressive supportive care that included calcium, atropine, epinephrine, glucagon, sodium bicarbonate, and transthoracic pacing. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 N Shore Univ Hosp, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lee, DC (reprint author), N Shore Univ Hosp, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 359 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(00)00266-3 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 372VX UT WOS:000165255700011 PM 11074331 ER PT J AU Jayakody, C Myers, D Sorathia, U Nelson, GL AF Jayakody, C Myers, D Sorathia, U Nelson, GL TI Fire-retardant characteristics of water-blown molded flexible polyurethane foam materials SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polyurethane flexible foams; flame retardancy; flame retardant additives; cone calorimeter; peak heat release rate (PHRR); average heat release rate (Ave. HRR); total heat release (THR); time to sustained ignition (TTI); average specific extinction area (Ave. SEA); vertical Bunsen burner tests; oil burner test AB Polyurethane flexible foam materials have a wide range of industrial applications. These applications include flexible foams for packaging, polyurethane-based foam materials for seat cushions in buses, railways, the airline industry, prisons, and domestic bedding. There is a substantial need for the development of flexible molded foam materials with low heat release rates and smoke release rates. In this study, an extensive series of flexible, molded polyurethane seat cushion materials based on polymeric MDI and polyether polyols were prepared and further modified with commercially available flame retardant additives. The flame retardant behavior of these foam materials was evaluated using Cone Calorimeter (ASTM-E 1354), vertical Bunsen burner test for cabin and cargo component materials [FAR 25.853 (a), Appendix F, Part I, (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii)], and oil burner test for seat cushions [FAR 25.853 (c), Appendix F, Part IT]. Several formulations that passed the 12-second vertical Bunsen burner test were identified. These include the formulations modified with Firemaster(R) HP-36, Decabromodiphenyl oxide/antimony oxide/Firemaster(R) HP-36, Fyrol(R) FR-2, and Fyrol(R) FR-2/graphite powder. A formulation modified with Antiblaze(R)-230 and a cross-linking agent passed both 12-second and 60-second vertical Bunsen burner tests. But, all of these materials did not pass the oil burner tests for seat cushions. Using the cone calorimeter, materials with a reduction in peak heat release rate of up to 57% were prepared and with up to a fourfold increase in char residue in the cone. However, most FR formulations showed an increase in carbon monoxide and smoke generation. Lowest peak HRR data were obtained with Firemaster(R) HP-36/Sb2O3 and Dow Silicones(R) 1-9641 at 25 kW/m(2) and with Fyrol(R) FR2/cross-linker at 35 kW/m(2) exposure. It appears that there is no correlation between cone calorimeter results and vertical Bunsen burner test results. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Chestnut Ridge Foam Inc, Latrobe, PA 15650 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Nelson, GL (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 430 EP 455 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 385AL UT WOS:000165979400003 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Socker, DG Howard, RA Rich, NB AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Socker, DG Howard, RA Rich, NB TI The dynamical nature of coronal streamers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PLASMA SHEET; OUTER CORONA; ULYSSES; SPEED; HOLES; EXPANSION AB Recent high-sensitivity imaging of the Sun's white-light corona from space has revealed a variety of unexpected small-scale phenomena, including plasma blobs that are ejected continually from the cusplike bases of streamers, fine raylike structures pervading the outer streamer belt, and inflows that occur mainly during times of high solar activity. These phenomena can be interpreted as different manifestations of magnetic field line reconnection, in which plasma and magnetic flux are exchanged between closed and open field regions of the corona. The observations provide new insights into a number of longstanding questions, including the origin of the streamer material in the outer corona, the sources of the slow solar wind, and the mechanisms that regulate the interplanetary magnetic field strength. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A11 BP 25133 EP 25142 DI 10.1029/2000JA000149 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YX UT WOS:000165096300019 ER PT J AU Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR Carruthers, TF Duling, IN AF Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR Carruthers, TF Duling, IN TI Theoretical and experimental study of harmonically modelocked fiber lasers for optical communication systems SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modelocked lasers; nonlinear optics; optical fiber lasers; pulsed lasers; solitons ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; SOLITONS; NOISE; TRANSMISSION; AMPLIFIERS; PROPAGATION; EQUATION; GBIT/S AB We study theoretically and experimentally actively modelocked fiber lasers that are used in high repetition rate optical communication systems. Using an innovative numerical technique and a reduced model, we have found that the laser can operate in four different operating regimes when the laser intensity was changed; three of the regimes were experimentally observed in a Laser with a sigma configuration. An excellent quantitative agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results was obtained. The use of dispersion management in the sigma laser was found to significantly improve the laser performance. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Lab Telecommun Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Horowitz, M (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 32 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1565 EP 1574 DI 10.1109/50.896218 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 395HK UT WOS:000166574800012 ER PT J AU Jenkins, NW Mirov, SB Fedorov, VV AF Jenkins, NW Mirov, SB Fedorov, VV TI Temperature-dependent spectroscopic analysis of F-2(+)** and F-2(+)**-like color centers in LiF SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE tunable lasers; LiF : F-2(+)**; color center lasers; spectroscopic data ID CENTER LASER AB A temperature-dependent spectroscopic analysis of the color center laser medium, LIF:F-2(+)** is shown. Special attention is devoted to the well-known F-2(+)**color center as well as a new F-2(+)**-like color center, conclusively discovered in this work, which is found to have a peak absorption near lambda(abs)(0) = 80Snm and peak emission near lambda(ems)(0) = 1080 nm. Justification for the association of this new center with F-2(+)**-like color centers is explained in the text. Standard F-2(+)** color centers have kinetics of fluorescence lifetime of tau(13) (K) = 32 ns, tau(300) (K) = 21 ns, for a quantum efficiency of fluorescence, n = 66%. Concerning the new F-2(+)**-like color center, the 13 K lifetime was found to be tau approximate to 5 ns. We show that Alexandrite laser radiation can simultaneously excite the absorption bands of both F-2(+)**-like centers in their region of spectral overlap. The resulting emission from both centers is the mechanism responsible for the ultrabroadband range of tunability, similar to 800-1300 nm, from this laser medium at RT. This crystal is the heart of a potential ultrabroadband, near-IR laser; frequency doubling this fundamental output will realize a truly white-light laser, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Laser & Photon Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Laser Mat & Technol, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 117942, Russia. RP Jenkins, NW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(00)00228-3 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 362WZ UT WOS:000089802400004 ER PT J AU Zabetakis, D AF Zabetakis, D TI Hollow metal cylinders produced from diacetylenic lipid SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; TUBULES; MICROSTRUCTURES AB A method was presented for the formation and metallization of cylindrical tubules from a diacetylenic lipid. This improved technique allowed fur the production of metal microcylinders without the need for preliminary lipid purification and in large quantities. The physical and electrical properties of the material were investigated, and composites were used to form parallel plate capacitors. A comparison of the conductivity of the bulk material with the derived conductivity of a composite showings electromagnetic percolation showed the proportionality of the specific packings density and the critical volume fraction characteristic of percolating systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zabetakis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2368 EP 2374 DI 10.1557/JMR.2000.0341 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 373EL UT WOS:000165275400018 ER PT J AU Wallace, WP Malone, CP Swiergosz, MJ Amberg, MD AF Wallace, WP Malone, CP Swiergosz, MJ Amberg, MD TI On the generality of false recognition reversal SO JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE LA English DT Article DE false-recognition reversal; recognition memory ID OLDER ADULTS; MEMORY; ACTIVATION; ROBUST; WORDS; LISTS AB Recognition memory tests normally include targets from a study list and comparable new test items (lures). False recognitions occur when participants incorrectly claim that lures had been studied, and they are higher for lures that are phonetically or semantically related to studied words. Brainerd, Reyna, and Kneer (1995) reported that priming a critical lure by testing its related studied word in the preceding position reduced false recognition to a level well below the control rate (false-recognition reversal). Three experiments are reported that failed to replicate false-recognition reversal at the impressive levels reported by Brainerd et al. For some critical contrasts, false recognition to primed lures was significantly higher than to new control lures. For some experimental comparisons there was evidence that priming led to false-recognition "suppression," but none of the critical contrasts showed that false recognition was significantly higher to new control lures than to primed experimental lures. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USN, Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wallace, WP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0749-596X J9 J MEM LANG JI J. Mem. Lang. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 561 EP 575 DI 10.1006/jmla.2000.2712 PG 15 WC Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 370AZ UT WOS:000165101100001 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Pazirandeh, MP Mauro, JM King, KD Frey, JC Anderson, GP AF Goldman, ER Pazirandeh, MP Mauro, JM King, KD Frey, JC Anderson, GP TI Phage-displayed peptides as biosensor reagents SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE phage display; biosensors; staphylococcal enterotoxin B ID BINDING-PROTEIN; LIBRARIES; LIGANDS AB This study investigated the potential to utilize phage-displayed peptides as reagents in sensor applications. A library of random 12-mers displayed on phage was panned against staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a causative agent of food poisoning. Nine SEE binding phage clones were isolated, all of which share the consensus sequence Trp His Lys at their amino terminus. Binding of several of these phage was shown to be inhibited when they were assayed in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format with synthesized peptide corresponding to the peptide-encoding region of one of the clones, Whole phage were labeled with the dye Cy5, and incorporated into fluoroimmunoassays, Labeled phage were able to detect SEE down to a concentration of 1.4 ng/well in a fluorescence-based immunoassay, When incorporated into an automated fluorescence-based sensing assay, Cy5-labeled phage bound to probes: coated with SEE generated a robust signal of about 10,000 pA, vs a signal of 1000 pA using a control fiber coated with streptavidin, These results demonstrate the potential for development of phage-based sensor reagents, Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. GeoCtr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 18 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 13 IS 6 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1002/1099-1352(200011/12)13:6<382::AID-JMR511>3.3.CO;2-N PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 377CF UT WOS:000165493800005 PM 11114071 ER PT J AU Shearman, RK Barth, JA Allen, JS AF Shearman, RK Barth, JA Allen, JS TI Diagnosis of the three-dimensional circulation in mesoscale features with large Rossby number SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS; INTERMEDIATE MODELS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; AGEOSTROPHIC MOTION; VERTICAL VELOCITY; PERIODIC DOMAINS; OMEGA-EQUATION; FIELDS; OCEAN; ASSIMILATION AB Several diagnoses of three-dimensional circulation, using density and velocity data from a high-resolution, upper-ocean SeaSoar and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) survey of a cyclonic jet meander and adjacent cyclonic eddy containing high Rossby number flow, are compared. The Q-vector form of the quasigeostrophic omega equation, two omega equations derived from iterated geostrophic intermediate models, an omega equation derived from the balance equations, and a vertical velocity diagnostic using a primitive equation model in conjunction with digital filtering are used to diagnose vertical and horizontal velocity fields. The results demonstrate the importance of the gradient wind balance in flow with strong curvature thigh Rossby number). Horizontal velocities diagnosed from the intermediate models (the iterated geostrophic models and the balance equations), which include dynamics between those of quasigeostrophy and the primitive equations, are significantly reduced (enhanced) in comparison with the,geostrophic velocities in regions of strong cyclonic anti-cyclonic) curvature, consistent with gradient wind balance. The intermediate model relative vorticity fields are functionally related to the geostrophic relative vorticity field; anticyclonic vorticity is enhanced and cyclonic vorticity is reduced. The iterated geostrophic, balance equation and quasigeostrophic vertical velocity fields are similar in spatial pattern and scale, but the iterated geostrophic land, to a lesser degree, the balance equation) vertical velocity is reduced in amplitude compared with the quasigeostrophic vertical velocity. This reduction is consistent with gradient wind balance, and is due to a reduction in the forcing of the omega equation through the geostrophic advection of ageostrophic relative vorticity. The vertical velocity diagnosed using a primitive equation model and a digital filtering technique also exhibits reduced magnitude in comparison with the qua sigeostrophic field. A method to diagnose the gradient wind from a given dynamic height field has been developed. This technique is useful for the analysis of horizontal velocity in the presence of strong flow curvature. Observations of the nondivergent ageostrophic velocity field measured by the ADCP compare closely with the diagnosed gradient wind ageostrophic velocity. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shearman, RK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2687 EP 2709 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2687:DOTTDC>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 378MQ UT WOS:000165588500004 ER PT J AU Herbers, THC Russnogle, NR Elgar, S AF Herbers, THC Russnogle, NR Elgar, S TI Spectral energy balance of breaking waves within the surf zone SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVES; NATURAL BEACH; EVOLUTION; WATER AB The spectral energy balance of ocean surface waves breaking on a natural beach is examined with field observations from a cross-shore array of pressure sensors deployed between the shoreline and the outer edge of the surf zone near Duck, North Carolina. Cross-shore gradients in wave energy flux were estimated from spectral changes observed between closely spaced sensors. Direct, empirical estimates of. nonlinear energy exchanges between different frequency components of the wave spectrum were obtained from observed bispectra using Boussinesq theory for near-resonant triad wave-wave interactions. The large decrease in energy flux observed across the surf zone in the energetic part of the wave spectrum is balanced closely by the estimated nonlinear energy transfers from the spectral peak to higher frequencies. In the high-frequency tail of the spectrum, observed energy flux gradients are small and do not balance the nonlinear energy transfers. This analysis indicates that the observed decay of wave spectra in the surf zone is primarily the result of nonlinear energy transfers to higher frequencies, and that dissipation occurs in the high-frequency tail of the spectrum where energy levels are relatively low. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Herbers, THC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-He, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2723 EP 2737 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2723:SEBOBW>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 378MQ UT WOS:000165588500006 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Wang, DW Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Swift, RN AF Hwang, PA Wang, DW Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Swift, RN TI Airborne measurements of the wavenumber spectra of ocean surface waves. Part I: Spectral slope and dimensionless spectral coefficient SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SHORT WATER-WAVES; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRUM; LASER ALTIMETRY; CLOVERLEAF BUOY; NUMBER SPECTRA; WIND-WAVES; FETCH; EVOLUTION; JONSWAP AB An airborne scanning lidar system acquires 3D spatial topography of ocean surface waves. From the spatial data, wavenumber spectra are computed directly. The spectral analyses of two distinctively different wave fields are presented. The first one is a quasi-steady wave field under active wind generation, and the second one is a decaying wave field following a slackening of the wind field. Subtle differences in different representations of the one-dimensional spectrum (omnidirectional, marginal, and traverse) are illustrated. The spectral properties in terms of the dimensionless spectral coefficient and spectral slope in the equilibrium range are investigated using the wavenumber spectra directly computed from the 3D topography of the ocean surface. The results are in excellent agreement with existing data. The rapid data acquisition afforded by an airborne system provides an enhanced capability for studying the spatial variation of a wave field with minimal temporal changes in the environmental forcing conditions. The data of the 3D surface topography are also ideal for the quantitative investigation of the directional properties of a random wave field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, WFF, Wallops Island, VA 23337 USA. EG&G, WFF, Wallops Island, VA USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 37 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2753 EP 2767 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2753:AMOTWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 378MQ UT WOS:000165588500008 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Wang, DW Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Swift, RN AF Hwang, PA Wang, DW Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Swift, RN TI Airborne measurements of the wavenumber spectra of ocean surface waves. Part II: Directional distribution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; WIND-WAVES; LASER ALTIMETRY; FETCH; EVOLUTION AB An airborne scanning lidar system acquires three-dimensional (3D) spatial topography of ocean surface waves. From the spatial data, wavenumber spectra are computed directly. The spectral properties in terms bf the spectral slope and dimensionless spectral coefficient have been verified to be in very good agreement with existing data. One of the unique features of the 3D spatial data is its exceptional directional resolution. Directional properties such as the wavenumber dependence of the directional spreading function and the evolution of bimodal development are investigated with these high-resolution, phase-resolving spatial measurements. Equations for the spreading parameters, the lobe angle, and the lobe ratio are established from the airborne scanning lidar datasets. Fourier decomposition of the measured directional distribution is presented. The directional parameters can be represented by a small number (4) of the Fourier components. The measured directional distributions are compared with numerical experiments of nonlinear wave simulations to explore the functional form of the dissipation source term. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, WFF, Wallops Island, VA 23337 USA. EG&G, WFF, Wallops Island, VA USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2768 EP 2787 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2768:AMOTWS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 378MQ UT WOS:000165588500009 ER PT J AU Moore, FG McInville, RM Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG McInville, RM Hymer, TC TI Evaluation and improvements to the aeroprediction code based on recent test data SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The 1998 (AP98) and prior versions of the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division Aeroprediction Code are based primarily on slender body and perturbation theories at low angle of attack and empirical constants that represent the nonlinear aerodynamics as a function of angle of attack, Mach number, aspect and taper ratio, and other missile geometric parameters. The primary database on which these empirical nonlinear constants were derived was based on the NASA/Tri Service component database taken in the 1970s. This database was limited in body radius to wing semispan plus body radius ratios of 0.5. A more recent database taken by NASA and the former McDonnell Douglas Corporation investigated other values of the parameter: body radius to wing semispan plus body radius ratio of 0.25, 0.33, and 0.5. As a result of this new database, the empirical constants in the AP98 that represent many of the aerodynamic nonlinearities were fine tuned. This fine tuning, along with other minor improvements, has shown the average normal force coefficient errors to be reduced by anywhere from 10 to over 40% on various missile configurations. The largest reductions in error were for configurations where the AP98 average accuracy was the worst. These new improved empirical constants will be a part of the next planned release of the aeroprediction code in 2002 (AP02). The AP98 average error on normal force coefficient of +/-10% will, therefore, be somewhat better for the AP02. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div,Weapons Integrat Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div,Aeromech Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Syst Dept, Dahlgren Div,Weapons Integrat Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.2514/2.3643 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 382PZ UT WOS:000165832600002 ER PT J AU Chia, CS Makris, NC Fialkowski, LT AF Chia, CS Makris, NC Fialkowski, LT TI A comparison of bistatic scattering from two geologically distinct abyssal hills SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; REVERBERATION; BACKSCATTER AB The bistatic scattering characteristics of two geologically distinct abyssal hills located on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, known as B' and C', are experimentally compared using data acquired with low-frequency towed-array systems at 1/2 convergence zone (similar to 33 km) stand-off. The comparison is significant because the abyssal hills span the two classes of elevated seafloor crust that cover the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highly lineated B' feature is representative of abyssal hills composed of outside corner crust, the most commonly occurring category, whereas the domed C' promontory is representative of the rougher, low-aspect-ratio abyssal hills composed of inside corner crust. The latter are less common and usually restricted to segment valley margins. The mean biazimuthal scattering distributions of the two abyssal hills each exhibit Lambertian behavior with comparable albedos, suggesting that the distinction between abyssal hills composed of differing crust is not significant in modeling long-range reverberation. The adverse effect of using bathymetry that undersamples seafloor projected area in scattering strength analysis is also quantified with data from the B' ridge. Specifically, the use of undersampled bathymetry can lead to significant overestimates in the strength of seafloor scattering. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chia, CS (reprint author), DSO Natl Labs, 20 Sci Pk Dr, Singapore 18230, Singapore. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 108 IS 5 BP 2053 EP 2070 PN 1 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 372GR UT WOS:000165226400008 ER PT J AU Nuttall, AH Wilson, JH AF Nuttall, AH Wilson, JH TI Adaptive beamforming at very low frequencies in spatially coherent, cluttered noise environments with low signal-to-noise ratio and finite-averaging times SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-SERIES METHOD; ARRAYS AB Realistic simulations with spatially coherent noise have been run in order to compare the performance of adaptive beamforming (ABF), inverse beamforming (IBF), and conventional beamforming (CBF) for the case of finite-averaging times, where the actual spatial coherence of the acoustic field, or covariance matrix, is not known a priori, but must be estimated. These estimation errors cause large errors in the ABF estimate of the directionality of the acoustic field, partly because ABF is a highly nonlinear algorithm. In addition, it is shown that ABF is fundamentally limited in its suppression capability at very low frequency (VLF), based on the sidelobe level of the conventional beampattern in the direction of the noise interferer [G. L. Mohnkern, "Effects of Errors and Limitations on Interference Suppression," NOSC Tecnical Document 1478, Naval Ocean Systems Center (1989)]. The simulations include a low-level plane wave signal of interest, a stronger noise plane wave interferer, and spatially random background noise. Both IBF and ABF performed significantly better than CBF, and IBF's performance was slightly better than ABF's performance. The performances of IBF and the ABF algorithm, the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) [A. H. Nuttall and D. W. Hyde, "Unified Approach to Optimum and Suboptimum Processing for Arrays,'' USL Report Number. 992, Naval Underwater Systems Center, New London, CT (22 April 1969)] were recently compared independently [J. S. D. Solomon, A. J. Knight, and M. V. Greening, "Sonar Array Signal Processing for Sparse Linear Arrays," Defense Science and Technology Organization (DSTO) Technical Report (June 1999)] using measured data, with the result that IBF outperformed MVDR.This result is significant because MVDR requires orders of magnitude mon processing power than IBF or CBF. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society) of America. [S0001-4966(00)04811-6]. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Neptune Sci Inc, San Clemente, CA 92672 USA. RP Nuttall, AH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 108 IS 5 BP 2256 EP 2265 DI 10.1121/1.1317556 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 372GR UT WOS:000165226400031 ER PT J AU Revesz, AG Stahlbush, RE Hughes, HL AF Revesz, AG Stahlbush, RE Hughes, HL TI Hydrogen in buried SiO2 layers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INTERFACE STATES; VITREOUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS; DEFECTS; TEMPERATURE; GENERATION; RAMAN AB Mobile protons are generated at the buried oxide (BOX)/top-Si interface in Si/SiO2/Si structures by H atoms which permeate the top Si layer during heat-treatment in H-2. About 1/1000 of the arriving protons form hydroxonium-like configurations with O atoms having a sufficient effective negative charge, which are associated with "strained" Si-O bonds, and by transferring an electron from the H atom to the silicon. The strained bonds are generated thermally during the high temperature processing as the relaxation of the confined BOX is hindered and by compressive mechanical stress on the BOX, especially at the edges of the top Si layer. The interaction between protons and Si/SiO2 interfaces is limited or even nil from the standpoint of generating interface states. The probable reason is that the Si/SiO2 interfaces of structures with a confined oxide layer (BOX) are different from those of conventional structures with unconfined oxide. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)03-092-5. All rights reserved. C1 Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Revesz, AG (reprint author), Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 147 IS 11 BP 4279 EP 4281 DI 10.1149/1.1394053 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 367GQ UT WOS:000090053700048 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, SMF TI Depolarization and retardation of a birefringent slab SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT-REFLECTION MODEL; NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETRY AB Mueller matrices for normal transmission of light through a birefringent slab are formulated to analyze retardation and depolarization. A finite wave band, wedge slab, and microroughness may cause a spread in retardance, which in turn produces depolarization. The spectra of depolarization, cross-polarized transmittance, and retardance by rotating-analyzer ellipsometry are simulated for the quasi-monochromatic effect with a finite bandwidth. These spectra agree excellently with the measured spectra for a sapphire slab. The depolarization spectrum simulated for the wedge effect fits the measured spectrum in the long-wave region but is too small in the short-wave region. The depolarization simulated for incoherent multiple reflections demonstrates the oscillating structure, which is small compared with the measured depolarization. The finite bandwidth effect contributes more than the other effects to the measured depolarization of a sapphire slab. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)02110-4]. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res,Phys Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res,Phys Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2067 EP 2073 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.17.002067 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 367NK UT WOS:000090068200020 PM 11059604 ER PT J AU Feldman, M Lee, GS Noel, D Malek, CK Bass, R AF Feldman, M Lee, GS Noel, D Malek, CK Bass, R TI Generation of arbitrary three dimensional surfaces by x-ray lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TEFLON; FILM AB High aspect ratio microstructure systems with nearly vertical walls are routinely produced by conventional deep x-ray lithography. More complex structures, in which the height is an arbitrary function of position, have many practical applications, for example, as molds for arrays of microscopic optical elements. We have demonstrated a very accurate technique by which such structures may be fabricated by an entirely dry process, using the x-ray ablation of heated Teflon [poly(tetrafluoroethylene)] in an x-ray lithography beamline at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices at Louisiana State University. We observed that the total amount of material ablated is directly proportional to the incident dose. By using a half tone mask, the dose, and hence the amount of material removed, may be accurately controlled at every point on the sample. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(00)11006-6]. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Spect Atom & Ion, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 2976 EP 2980 DI 10.1116/1.1321272 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 384HB UT WOS:000165935800069 ER PT J AU Peckerar, M Bass, R Rhee, KW AF Peckerar, M Bass, R Rhee, KW TI Sub-0.1 mu electron-beam lithography for nanostructure development SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID PROXIMITY EFFECT CORRECTION AB This article discusses those factors that lead to resolvability in e-beam lithography. The primary tool of study is the simplex method of linear optimization theory. Resist exposure characteristics can effectively be accounted fur using a "minimum contrast" approach. The simplex exposure technique does not require exposure in the normally unexposed field. Feature linearity comparison experiments and boundary placement studies show measurable improvement with simplex when compared to dose scaling or feature boundary resizing. While computational tractability is a significant issue, the technique will rapidly assess whether small groups of features are resolvable. In addition, simplex points to general rules for applying dose modulation to different classes of features. [S0734-211X(00)12106-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Peckerar, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 3143 EP 3149 DI 10.1116/1.1321278 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 384HB UT WOS:000165935800100 ER PT J AU Chang, TH Chen, KA Yang, CH Yang, MJ Park, D AF Chang, TH Chen, KA Yang, CH Yang, MJ Park, D TI Fabrication technique for nanometer-scale InAs quantum devices: Observation of quantum interference in Aharonov-Bohm rings and Coulomb blockade in quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; ETCH INDUCED DAMAGE; CONDUCTANCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATIONS; SYSTEMS; CHANNEL AB We report an approach to the lateral confinement of electrons in InAs/AlSb single quantum wells. Using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching, we have fabricated conducting wires, rings, and dots with lateral dimensions greater than or equal to 50 nm. Characterization on narrow wires and rings indicates that the electron transport is in the quasiballistic regime at 4.2 K. The current-voltage characteristics of 70-nm-diam dots in single-electron transistor structures show the Coulomb gap and the Coulomb staircase features. These artificially patterned devices have an ultimate lateral dimension of a few nanometers, limited by the resolution of electron-beam lithography. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(00)11706-8]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 3493 EP 3496 DI 10.1116/1.1321285 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 384HB UT WOS:000165935800168 ER PT J AU Rhee, KW Shirey, LM Isaacson, PI Komegay, CF Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Brandow, SL AF Rhee, KW Shirey, LM Isaacson, PI Komegay, CF Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Brandow, SL TI Electron-beam fabrication of nonplanar templates for contact printing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; FILMS AB Templates for contact printing applications have been fabricated on convex and concave surfaces using electron-beam lithography. Curved quartz lens blanks, coated with a chrome layer to suppress charging, were spincoated with a layer of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Features were patterned into the PMMA followed by development, pattern transfer into the chrome by wet etch, and reactive-ion etching (RIE) of the chrome masked quartz. Features to 0.3 mum have been patterned and transferred similar to 600 nm into the underlying quartz substrate by RIE, with less than a 10% etch depth variation across the sample. The patterned substrate was then used as a template to cast polymer stamps from poly(dimethylsiloxane). This approach provides a convenient method of fabricating curved templates for contact printing. [S0734-211X(00)05206-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Nanoelect Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Brandow, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 3569 EP 3571 DI 10.1116/1.1319704 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 384HB UT WOS:000165935800185 ER PT J AU Deng, G Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Gaber, BP AF Deng, G Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Gaber, BP TI Control of surface expression of functional groups on silica particles SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE surface expression; functional groups; silica particles ID SOL-GEL; FLUORESCENT; REAGENT; ACIDS AB The effect of the time of addition of organosilanes to silica particle formation reaction mixtures on the resulting surface availability of the added functional groups was investigated. Base catalyzed particle formation was initiated by the addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to a water-in-oil microemulsion. Subsequently, amine, mono-carboxylate, ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, or dihydroimidazoleterminated organosilanes were added to the microemulsion. Continuous growth in size of monodispersed spherical particles over time was monitored by transmission electron microscopy and light-scattering measurements. Surface primary amine and carboxylate groups on the resulting particles were labeled with fluorescamine and 1-pyrenyldiazomethane (PDAM), respectively, and the effect of varying the time of organosilane addition to the microemulsion was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of the time of organosilane addition on surface expression of dihydroimidazole groups was determined using a direct titration method. The results demonstrate that the degree of surface functionalization of the silica particles varied with the time of organosilane addition. For each type of amine terminated organosilane used, the highest surface availability of organo-functional groups was obtained when the organosilane was added 30 min after particle growth was initialized. A progressive decrease in the surface availability of primary amine groups was observed when 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was added later than 30 min after particle formation was initiated. For each type of carboxylate-terminated organosilane used, the highest surface availability of organo-functional groups was obtained when the organosilane was added 5.5 h after particle growth was initialized. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bio Resource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mam@ccsalpha4.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(00)00203-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 381RY UT WOS:000165778300011 ER PT J AU Williams, CM Petrelli, J Murphy, M AF Williams, CM Petrelli, J Murphy, M TI Development and implementation of a geriatric care/case management program in a military community-based family medicine residency SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Society-on-Aging CY DEC 10-13, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Aging ID CARE; OFFICE AB This article discusses how the development of a longitudinal geriatric assessment form facilitated a case management program in identifying high-risk frail elders within a military family practice clinic. A careful review of geriatric assessment tools was performed. From this review, a model geriatric assessment form was developed. A "SWOT" (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of the family medicine department was completed to determine if the environment was ready for case management. Analysis of the SWOT data revealed that the environment was favorable for a population-based approach to case management. Results of this initial study are encouraging. The new longitudinal geriatric assessment form has assisted family practice residents in organizing problems and data while seeing elderly patients. As a direct result, higher-risk frail elders have been identified for closer evaluation and follow-up. Future goals are to measure outcomes-based data and to refine the geriatric assessment process. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Williams, CM (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Box 555191, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 BP 809 EP 815 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373GF UT WOS:000165279900005 PM 11143424 ER PT J AU Konoske, PJ Galarneau, MR Pang, G Emens-Hesslink, KE Gauker, ED Tropeano, A AF Konoske, PJ Galarneau, MR Pang, G Emens-Hesslink, KE Gauker, ED Tropeano, A TI Estimating supply requirements for forward medical treatment facilities SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Naval Health Research Center designed, developed, and used a systematic process to review Marine Corps medical supply requirements, This approach consisted of identifying the medical tasks required to treat patients with specific injuries and illnesses and determining the supplies and equipment required to perform each task, Subject matter experts reviewed treatment briefs, tasks, supplies, and equipment and examined their Value to Marine Corps medical providers in forward areas of care. By establishing the clinical requirement for each item pushed forward, the Naval Health Research Center model was able to reduce the logistical burden carried by Marine Corps units and enhance far-forward clinical capability. The result of this effort is a model to estimate supplies and equipment based on a given casualty stream distribution. This approach produces an audit trail for each item and allows current authorized medical allowance list configurations to be revised using information such as type of conflict anticipated, expected duration, and changes in medical doctrine. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Konoske, PJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 BP 829 EP 834 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373GF UT WOS:000165279900009 PM 11143428 ER PT J AU Lau, AOT Sacci, JB Azad, AF AF Lau, AOT Sacci, JB Azad, AF TI Retrieving parasite specific liver stage gene products in Plasmodium yoelii infected livers using differential display SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE differential display; Plasmodium yoelii; liver stage; malaria; gene expression ID FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; SEQUENCE AB Differential display (DD) has been routinely used to identify genes whose expression pattern is altered by changes in the cellular environment and/or at different stages of development. Most reports utilizing DD contain conventional DD primers that have high guanine and cytosine content and would not be expected to be optimal for Plasmodium which has approximately 30-40% G + C. In an attempt to accommodate the high adenine and thymidine rich genome of Plasmodium yoelii, we utilized PCR primers containing 40, 50 and 60% G + C and modified the existing DD technique. Thus 40% G + C appeared to be the most suitable to amplify Plasmodium genome. Gene specific primers were generated from the sequences of selected DD bands amplified using the 40% G + C primers and were used to verify that the DD clones were of parasite origin by PCR and sequence alignment. Additional data on five of the selected DD clones, designated P2T1L5, P2T1L6, P2T6L11, P2T7L12 and P2T7L13, suggested that all are expressed during the P. yoelii liver stage infection. Interestingly, P2T1L5 is also expressed during the sporozoite stage of the life cycle and both P2T1L6 and P2T6L11 are present as blood stage antigens. The results of this study suggest that DD incorporating primers with low G + C content allows the identification of P. yoelii messages from infected mouse livers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lau, AOT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, 1602 Mol Sci Bldg,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI17828, T32 AI075] NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 111 IS 1 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00311-X PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 380KY UT WOS:000165702100013 PM 11087924 ER PT J AU Gelaro, R Reynolds, CA Langland, RH Rohaly, GD AF Gelaro, R Reynolds, CA Langland, RH Rohaly, GD TI A predictability study using geostationary satellite wind observations during NORPEX SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR VECTORS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; FORECAST ERRORS; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT; NOGAPS; MODEL AB High-density geostationary satellite wind observations have become an important new contributor to the observing network over oceanic regions. During the 1998 North Pacific Experiment (NORPEX), assimilation of these data in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) provided substantial improvements in 48-h forecast skill over the northeast Pacific and western North America. The current study shows that the large positive impact of the geostationary satellite winds results mainly from the reduction of analysis errors that project onto the leading singular vectors derived from the linearized forecast model. These errors account for only a small fraction of the total analysis error and, during NORPEX, were confined mostly to the middle and lower troposphere with maxima over the central Pacific. These errors do not necessarily coincide with the locations of the largest analysis errors. Experiments in which the satellite information is retained only at prescribed vertical levels in the analysis confirm that the increments in the middle and lower troposphere account for most of the forecast impact. Implications for the design of future observing systems, including strategies for targeted observing, are discussed. It is argued that the results support the key underlying principles of targeted observing, namely, that the early stages of error growth in most numerical weather forecasts are dominated by a relatively small number of unstable structures, and that preferentially reducing analysis errors that project onto these structures can produce significant improvements in forecast skill. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gelaro, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Bldg 702, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 128 IS 11 BP 3789 EP 3807 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3789:APSUGS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 370UT UT WOS:000165141300005 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL AF Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL TI Malaria vaccines-targeting infected hepatocytes SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IMMUNIZATION; INDUCTION C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 17 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1218 EP 1219 DI 10.1038/81315 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 370GH UT WOS:000165114800022 PM 11062530 ER PT J AU Morris, J Sander, K MacDonald, J AF Morris, J Sander, K MacDonald, J TI A blueprint for solid state automatic bus transfer switches SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Solid State Automatic Bus Transfer Switches (SSABT) also known as Static Transfer Switches (STS) or Electronic Bus Transfer Switches (EBT) are poised to replace conventional Electro-mechanical Automatic Bus Transfer Switches (ABT) in many applications in the near future. SSABTs offer faster transfer times, superior shock resistance, greater reliability and improved control when compared to conventional ABTs. The faster transfer times of SSABTs makes them ideally suited for mission critical equipment associated with the combat weapons system. As with all mission critical equipment, an application specific design should be selected to insure the effectiveness, reliability and serviceability in a shipboard environment. C1 Lockheed Martin Technol Serv, Port Hueneme, CA USA. USN, Suface Warfare Ctr, Aegis Support Syst Branch, Surface Combatants Dept, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Morris, J (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Technol Serv, Port Hueneme, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 112 IS 6 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 626JQ UT WOS:000179868400007 ER PT J AU Stitely, ML Browning, J Fowler, M Gendron, RT Gherman, RB AF Stitely, ML Browning, J Fowler, M Gendron, RT Gherman, RB TI Outpatient cervical ripening with intravaginal misoprostol SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTDATE PREGNANCIES; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2 GEL; INDUCTION; LABOR; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To determine if outpatient cervical ripening using misoprostol can initiate labor within 48 hours of medication administration and to determine if time from medication administration to time of delivery is decreased using outpatient cervical ripening. Methods: Uncomplicated singleton, vertex pregnancies at 41 weeks' gestation or later with Bishop score of 4 or less were eligible for enrollment. Other inclusion criteria included intact membranes, less than eight uterine contractions per hour, a reactive nonstress test, and amniotic fluid index (AFI) over 5 cm. After randomization, 25 mu cg of misoprostol or placebo was placed within the posterior vaginal fornix. Patients were continuously monitored for 4 hours, then discharged if not in active labor. Patients returned in 24 hours for a repeat administration of the respective medication. Patients not delivered within 48 hours were admitted for inpatient induction of labor. Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher, Student t, chi (2) and Mann-Whitney U tests, with P < .05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 60 patients enrolled, 27 (45%) received misoprostol and 33 (55%) received placebo. The majority (24 of 27, 88.9%) of study group patients entered active labor within 48 hours after dosing, compared with 16.7% (five of 33) of placebo group patients (P < .001). The time from initial dose to delivery was significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (36.9 +/- 3.8 compared with 61.3 +/- 3.8 hours, P < .001). Conclusion: Intravaginal misoprostol is effective for outpatient cervical ripening. No adverse effects were encountered, although further study is required to determine the safety of this treatment regimen. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96: 684-8). C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Stitely, ML (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 96 IS 5 BP 684 EP 688 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01034-6 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 367WK UT WOS:000090084300009 PM 11042301 ER PT J AU Farley, J O'Boyle, JD Heaton, J Remmenga, S AF Farley, J O'Boyle, JD Heaton, J Remmenga, S TI Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the vagina SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS AB Background: Ewing sarcoma is a highly malignant childhood bone neoplasm. Extraosseous presentations of Ewing sarcomas include the trunk, extremities, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Case: A 35-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, presented with a painless vaginal mass. After surgical excision, pathology results diagnosed an extraosseous Ewing sarcoma. Chemotherapy was given, followed by external beam and vaginal intracavitary brachytherapy, then more chemotherapy. After 48 months post-treatment, there is no clinical evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: Although rare, Ewing sarcoma can present as a vaginal mass. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:832-4.). C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Farley, J (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 96 IS 5 SU S BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01033-4 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 368QX UT WOS:000090130000016 PM 11094227 ER PT J AU Earle, MD Steele, KE Wang, DWC AF Earle, MD Steele, KE Wang, DWC TI Comments and discussion on 'Wave direction analysis from data buoys' by Min-Chih Huang and Jia-Yuan Chen SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PITCH C1 NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Neptune Sci Inc, Slidell, LA USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Steele, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1265 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(99)00038-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 311VZ UT WOS:000086907700007 ER PT J AU Bartholdi, JJ Gue, KR AF Bartholdi, JJ Gue, KR TI Reducing labor costs in an LTL crossdocking terminal SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-CARRIER INDUSTRY; SYSTEM AB Handling freight in a crossdocking terminal is labor intensive and therefore costly because workers must unload sort, and transfer a wide variety of freight from incoming to outgoing trailers. The efficiency of workers depends in large part on how trailers are assigned to doors around the dock; that is, on its layout. A good layout reduces travel distances without creating congestion, but until now no tools have been available to construct such layouts. We describe models of travel cost and three types of congestion typically experienced in crossdocking terminals, and we use them to construct layouts that minimize the labor cost of transferring freight. We report on the use of our models in the less-than-truckload trucking industry, including an implementation at a terminal in Stockton, California that improved productivity by more than 11%. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bartholdi, JJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 16 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 17 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 823 EP 832 DI 10.1287/opre.48.6.823.12397 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 386YK UT WOS:000166093100001 ER PT J AU Wagner, DK AF Wagner, DK TI Shortest paths in almost acyclic graphs SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents an algorithm for the shortest-path problem on a directed graph having arbitrary are weights. One feature of the algorithm is its ability to exploit a certain type of structure. Two examples of this feature are highlighted. The first example is when the given graph is "almost" acyclic in the sense that there exists a small subset T of nodes, the deletion of which yields an acyclic graph. In this case, a version of the algorithm solves the shortest-path problem in O(\T\m) time; this bound is at least as good as the O(mn) time bound of Bellman (Quart. Appl. Math. 16 (1958) 87-90). The second example is when the weight vector is "almost" nonnegative in the sense that only a small subset F of arcs of the given graph have negative weight. In this case, the algorithm runs in O(min{\F\,n}(m + nlogn)) time. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Math Comp & Informat Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Wagner, DK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Math Comp & Informat Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0167-6377(00)00054-7 PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 387AW UT WOS:000166098800001 ER PT J AU Im, YS Paek, EG Tang, X Choe, JY Oh, TK AF Im, YS Paek, EG Tang, X Choe, JY Oh, TK TI Experimental nonmechanical image rotation to 20 angles using an acousto-optic dove prism SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical information processing; image rotation; parallel processing; pattern recognition; acousto-optic beam deflector AB An experimental demonstration of nonmechanical optical image rotation to 20 different angles is described. The optical system consists of a polygon mirror with 20 facets in a half cylinder and a 2-D acousto-optic beam deflector. Experimental details including the requirements of components are described. Various issues such as number of rotation angles, resolution, aberration, and noise are analyzed. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)00411-6]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Im, YS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2909 EP 2914 DI 10.1117/1.1314592 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 376WH UT WOS:000165479400010 ER PT J AU DiNicola, AF Mahabadi, V Afridi, B Gelyana, D AF DiNicola, AF Mahabadi, V Afridi, B Gelyana, D TI Lipid profile changes in young children treated for hypothyroidism SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP DiNicola, AF (reprint author), USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 29 IS 11 BP 667 EP 667 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 373JR UT WOS:000165286300001 PM 11098514 ER PT J AU Lenzi, EK Mendes, RS Rajagopal, AK AF Lenzi, EK Mendes, RS Rajagopal, AK TI Green functions based on Tsallis nonextensive statistical mechanics: normalized q-expectation value formulation SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY CONDITIONS; RENYI ENTROPIES; FORM INVARIANCE; QUANTUM; OPTIMIZATION; RADIATION AB In this paper, the Green function theory of quantum many-particle systems recently presented is reworked within the framework of nonextensive statistical mechanics with a new normalized q-expectation values. This reformulation introduces a renormalization of temperature of the earlier theory and a self-consistency condition. The importance of these two features is nontrivial and to emphasize this, we explicitly contrast the maximum entropy density matrices derived for an exactly solvable model based on the two types of the constraints. The linear response theory is also presented, along with its two-particle Green function version. In order to emphasize the importance of the new formalism, we collect here the results where both the formalisms have been used to examine the same set of problems. This reveals clearly that the new formalism is the method of choice because the numerical results are much more physically meaningful than those found in the old version, even though the general features or the answers retain the same characteristics in certain cases. In the case where thermodynamic entities are to be examined as in the case of the q-dependence of Bose-Einstein condensation, the self-consistent requirement in the new formalism is numerically much more subtle, and thus the earlier results are modified as shown in Fig. 1. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Fis, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lenzi, EK (reprint author), Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 286 IS 3-4 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00364-2 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 364XV UT WOS:000089920100008 ER PT J AU Kresin, V Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S AF Kresin, V Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S TI Intrinsic inhomogeneity and the origin of the pseudogap SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS ID T-C; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTORS; STATE; GAP AB Phenomenon of the pseudogap is caused by an intrinsic inhomogeneity and the dependence T-c(r). Set of superconducting islands (at T>T-c(res)) manifests itself in peculiar magnetic properties as well as in spectroscopy (pseudogap). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 11733V, Russia. CNRS, F-38042 Grenoble, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kresin, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00406-8 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YT UT WOS:000165855500023 ER PT J AU Miyakawa, N Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Guptasarma, P Kendziora, C Hinks, DG Kaneko, T Gray, KE AF Miyakawa, N Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Guptasarma, P Kendziora, C Hinks, DG Kaneko, T Gray, KE TI Superconducting gap and pseudogap from tunneling conductance on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with various oxygen concentration SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE AB The evolution of tunneling spectra on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta measured by SIN point contacts, SIS break junctions and STM/STS has been studied as a function of doping and temperature. The detailed examinations of the spectra show that the energy gap measured at low temperature appear to be due to superconducting pairing. The doping dependence of the superconducting gap at low temperature suggests a strong connection to the pseudogap temperature, T*, and this indicates that the pseudogap region is at least partly a consequence of some form of precursor superconductivity. In addition, dip/hump structures observed at high bias scale approximately with not only Delta but also superexchange interaction J over the entire doping range examined, indicating these features are linked to the underlying interaction responsible for superconductivity. We suggest that the hump structure may originate from short-range magnetic correlations. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35230 Izmir, Turkey. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miyakawa, N (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 835 EP 838 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00707-3 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YV UT WOS:000165855700054 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Miyakawa, N Kendziora, C Sha, J Hinks, DG Gray, KE AF Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Miyakawa, N Kendziora, C Sha, J Hinks, DG Gray, KE TI Tunneling spectroscopy of heavily underdoped crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS AB Crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta With optimal T-c=95 K have been underdoped using two different methods and the superconducting gaps have been obtained by tunneling. In some cases, three different tunneling geometries have been utilized: point contact, STM and break junctions. The first doping method involves control of the oxygen content by annealing in various partial pressures of oxygen. These crystals exhibit a narrow spread of gap values over a wide doping range from overdoped (T-c=56 K) to underdoped with T-c=70 K. However, for underdoped crystals with T-c midpoints in the range 25 K - 63 K, there is a dramatic increase in the spread of gap values which may signal the development of static phase separation of either chemical or electronic origin. To avoid possible chemical phase separation, we have explored another doping procedure which incorporates Dy substitution on the Ca site. These crystals exhibit a relatively narrow superconducting transition width and some preliminary tunneling spectra will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35230 Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 927 EP 928 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00739-5 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YV UT WOS:000165855700086 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Cullen, JR AF Agassi, D Cullen, JR TI Superconductor strip geometrical barrier in the presence of a normally incident weak field SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS AB The superconductor strip weak-field geometrical barrier is calculated employing the pertaining exact response and vortex structure. The barrier shape entails two near-strip-edge minima. The commonly-employed single-minimum barrier (E. Zeldov et.al., Ref. (1)) is qualitatively recovered for a stronger applied field. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 1257 EP 1258 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)01159-X PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YV UT WOS:000165855700228 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Nadgorny, B Soulen, RJ Trotter, G Broussard, P Desisto, W Laprade, G Mukovskii, YM Arsenov, A AF Osofsky, MS Nadgorny, B Soulen, RJ Trotter, G Broussard, P Desisto, W Laprade, G Mukovskii, YM Arsenov, A TI Measurement of the transport spin-polarization of oxides using Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS AB A new method for determining the transport spin-polarization, point contact tunneling from a low temperature superconductor into a ferromagnet, is used to determine the spin polarization of various ferromagnetic thin films and crystals. The Andreev reflection process and its utility in measurements of spin-polarization are described. Preliminary results for the spin polarization of several oxide materials are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. INSA, Toulouse, France. Moscow State Steel & Alloys Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 1527 EP 1530 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)01323-X PN 3 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YX UT WOS:000165855900046 ER PT J AU Gubser, DU AF Gubser, DU TI Naval applications of SC magnet systems SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS AB The US Navy continues to develop advanced systems that utilize superconducting (SC) magnets. Recent impetus toward the "all" electric ship is accelerating the desire to produce "engineering" prototypes that can be field tested to ascertain the overall innpact of these new technologies toward meeting Navy mission requirements. SC magnets for motors, energy storage, mine sweeping, and RF amplifiers are all being built and tested. This article provides a brief description of these projects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gubser, DU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 2525 EP 2528 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)01303-4 PN 4 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YY UT WOS:000165856000183 ER PT J AU Yuan, DW Francavilla, TL AF Yuan, DW Francavilla, TL TI Development of laminated Bi-2212 powder-in-tube conductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS ID AG AB In this study, a modified powder-in-tube approach to make silver-sheathed multifilamentary tapes is reported. The conductor consists of laminated Bi-2212 monocore tapes and is rolled using a turkshead. The resultant fully-treated multifilamentary tapes exhibit satisfactory integrity without any structural defects. For short conductors, optimum critical current density (J(c)) at 4.2 K is determined to be 90,000 A/cm(2) in a 7-filament tape (5T and B perpendicular to tape surface) where the average filament thickness is about 19 mum. C1 Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yuan, DW (reprint author), Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 2595 EP 2596 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)01367-8 PN 4 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YY UT WOS:000165856000207 ER PT J AU Kendziora, C Pelloquin, D Daignere, A Fournier, P Li, ZY Greene, RL Goncharov, AF Struzhkin, VV Hemley, RJ Mao, HK AF Kendziora, C Pelloquin, D Daignere, A Fournier, P Li, ZY Greene, RL Goncharov, AF Struzhkin, VV Hemley, RJ Mao, HK TI Polarized electronic Raman scattering in high-T-c superconductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity High Temperature Superconductors VI CY FEB 20-25, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TX ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GAP; ANISOTROPY; DEPENDENCE; PSEUDOGAP; PROBE AB We study the polarized Electronic Raman Scattering (ERS) of several classes of high-T-c cuprates as functions of temperature, doping, and pressure with an emphasis on the effect of superconductivity. The doping dependence of the single-layer HgBa2CuO4+delta (Hg1201) confirms our earlier observations from two-layer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) that the superconducting energy gap is highly anisotropic at optimal doping, but that 2 Delta peaks associated with superconductivity are not present in underdoped crystals. Low temperature ERS measurements of the n-type (T') Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 at optimal doping (T-c=20K) show negligible gap anisotropy, consistent with other spectroscopic results which suggested an isotropic s-wave order parameter. Normal state Raman scattering measurements of underdoped Bi2212 at pressures up to 7.6 GPa reveal anomalies in the lattice dynamics which offer insight into local oxygen ordering and may influence the observed large hysteresis in T-c(P). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ISMRA Univ Caen, Lab CRISMAT, Caen, France. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2000 VL 341 BP 2189 EP 2192 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00967-9 PN 4 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 382YY UT WOS:000165856000047 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Effects of dissipation and mode broadening in emission spectra of optical cavities and semiconductor microcavities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-THEORY; VACUUM; POLARITONS; EXCITONS; ATOMS; DOTS AB Line-broadening effects in the coupled mode spectrum of optical cavities and microcavities are included explicitly by (i) the interaction of the electromagnetic mode with a continuum of electromagnetic modes and (ii) the coupling of the electronic excitations to a dissipative source. The effects of interaction with an electromagnetic continuum are treated within a Fano model, and the electronic excitations are represented by harmonic oscillators. The coupled mode frequencies and their emission spectra are given explicitly in terms of the parameters of these line-broadening mechanisms, with particular attention given to expressions for semiconductor microcavities. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP art. no. EP 053806 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 371VW UT WOS:000165200800110 ER PT J AU Gaskill, DK Holm, RT Glembocki, OJ AF Gaskill, DK Holm, RT Glembocki, OJ TI GaN light emitting diode as a photoreflectance pump source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB A GaN light emitting diode is used as a photoreflectance pump source to acquire optical impedance spectroscopy data. Such a pump source has the advantage of having a controllable pump wave form (intensity, modulation depth, and shape) over a broad frequency range. Given the ready availability of light emitting diodes, many different wavelengths are potentially available. [S0034-6748(00)03311-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 71 IS 11 BP 4341 EP 4343 AR PII [S0034-6748(00)03311-6] DI 10.1063/1.1318912 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 369TY UT WOS:000165084100059 ER PT J AU Meggitt, DJ Roderick, DK Cooke, KP AF Meggitt, DJ Roderick, DK Cooke, KP TI Sea sentinel undersea surveillance system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Lockheed Martin NE&SS Undersea Syst, Int Surveillance Programs, Manassas, VA 22110 USA. Sound & Sea Technol, Edmonds, WA 98020 USA. USN, Civil Engn Lab, Ocean Syst Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. RP Meggitt, DJ (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93041 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 41 IS 11 BP 19 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 377CA UT WOS:000165493300003 ER PT J AU Ruffa, AA Bard, J AF Ruffa, AA Bard, J TI Tow cable for temperature measurement SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, LBVDS Program, Instrumented Tow Cable Project, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Ruffa, AA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, LBVDS Program, Instrumented Tow Cable Project, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 41 IS 11 BP 38 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 377CA UT WOS:000165493300006 ER PT J AU Wintersgill, MC Fontanella, JJ Stallworth, PE Newman, SA Chung, SH Greenbaum, SG AF Wintersgill, MC Fontanella, JJ Stallworth, PE Newman, SA Chung, SH Greenbaum, SG TI Electrical conductivity, DSC and NMR studies of PEG and PPG containing lithium salts SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUN 06-12, 1999 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP Minist Cultural Affairs, Minist Educ, Minist Macedonia & Thrace, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Univ Patras, Res Comm, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Univ Thessaly, Patras Sci Pk, Chem Process Engn Res Inst, Natl Bank Greece, Commercial Bank Greece, Agr Bank Greece, Athenian Brewry SA, Patras Plant, LPC Hellas, Leader Books SA, GlaxoWellcome, George P Vasilopoulos SA, Hlthcon Ltd, Energizer, ONR, Elefctrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat Div DE electrical conductivity; lithium electrolytes; activation volume; high pressure ID HIGH-PRESSURE; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; RELAXATION; DEPENDENCE; VISCOSITY; LIQUIDS; LAW AB Complex impedance, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies have been carried out on poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 4000 and poly(ethylene glycol) mono-methyl-ether with an average molecular weight of 350 (PEG) containing lithium salts. The impedance studies were made over a range of frequencies, temperatures and pressures and were used to obtain values of electrical conductivity. The DSC, conductivity and NMR data are used to characterize the PPG-based material which is a glass-forming liquid. The PEG-based material exhibits the expected tendency to crystallize. The first new result is that the effect of pressure on thr electrical conductivity (and hence activation volume) for the PEG-based electrolyte above the melting point is about half that for the PPG-based electrolyte. The same trend has been reported previously for the pressure variation of the glass transition temperature for related host polymers. The second new result is that the curvature in the effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity is opposite for the two electrolytes. It is pointed out that the curvature for PPG:LiCF3SO3 has the same sign as the effect of pressure on the relaxation time of the cu relaxation in PPG. These results provide further evidence that ionic conductivity is controlled by large-scale segmental motions of the polymer chain. Further explanation of the data is given in terms of free volume. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jjf@nadn.navy.mil NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 EI 1872-7689 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 135 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00295-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 382ZG UT WOS:000165856800021 ER PT J AU Edmondson, CA Stallworth, PE Chapman, ME Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Chung, SH Greenbaum, SG AF Edmondson, CA Stallworth, PE Chapman, ME Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Chung, SH Greenbaum, SG TI Complex impedance studies of proton-conducting membranes SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUN 06-12, 1999 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP Minist Cultural Affairs, Minist Educ, Minist Macedonia & Thrace, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Univ Patras, Res Comm, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Univ Thessaly, Patras Sci Pk, Chem Process Engn Res Inst, Natl Bank Greece, Commercial Bank Greece, Agr Bank Greece, Athenian Brewry SA, Patras Plant, LPC Hellas, Leader Books SA, GlaxoWellcome, George P Vasilopoulos SA, Hlthcon Ltd, Energizer, ONR, Elefctrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat Div DE electrical conductivity; polymer electrolytes; proton-conducting membranes; activation volume; high pressure ID PRESSURE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WEIGHT NAFION MEMBRANES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; WATER; NMR; TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION; DEUTERON AB Complex impedance studies have been carried out on Dow 800, Dow 1000 and Nafron 117 membranes at various water contents and a variety of temperatures and hydrostatic pressures. At room temperature and pressure the usual gradual decrease in electrical conductivity with decreasing water content is observed. For very low water content materials the variation of the conductivity with pressure from 0 to 0.2 GPa (2 kbar) is large and gives rise to apparent activation volumes, DeltaV as large as 54 cm(3)/mol. in addition, for low water content materials, there is a tendency for smaller equivalent weights (same side chains) or larger side chains to have larger activation volumes. At high water content, DeltaV is relatively independent of the host polymer and negative values are observed at the highest water contents. These results provide support for the model where proton transport in high water content sulfonated fluorocarbons is similar to that for liquid water. All results are explained qualitatively via free volume. Ambient-pressure, variable-temperature H-2 T-1 and linewidth measurements imply a heterogeneous environment of the water molecules. Proton pulsed field gradient NMR studies in saturated Dow membranes verify the expectation that ionic conductivity is determined primarily by diffusion of water molecules. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 135 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00520-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 382ZG UT WOS:000165856800057 ER PT J AU Lean, JL AF Lean, JL TI Short term, direct indices of solar variability SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID IRRADIANCE; CYCLE; ULTRAVIOLET; LUMINOSITY; RADIATION AB Indices of solar activity relevant for understanding and modelling solar irradiance variability are identified, and their temporal characteristics compared. Reproducing observed solar irradiance variability requires a minimum of two different types of indices - an index for irradiance depletion by sunspots and an index for global irradiance enhancement by faculae and network. When combined with appropriate wavelength-dependent parameterizations of sunspot and facular contrasts and center-to-limb functions, these indices permit the construction of empirical models of daily, monthly and annual solar total and spectral irradiances. The models are compared with observations at selected wavelengths and for the total irradiance. While the models replicate much of the rotational and 11-year cycle variance in contemporary irradiance databases, differences exist because of either the presence of variability mechanisms additional to solar magnetism, or of unresolved instrumental effects in the databases. The reconstruction of solar irradiance in the past requires speculation about the extent of intercycle fluctuations in the global facular index, or in other, as yet unspecified, variability mechanisms. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1023/A:1026726029831 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 379FM UT WOS:000165631400004 ER PT J AU McGrath, KJ Roland, CM Antonietti, M AF McGrath, KJ Roland, CM Antonietti, M TI NMR study of the morphology of polystyrene linear/microgel blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; CROSS-LINKED STATE; POLYMER BLENDS; C-13 NMR; POLY(2,6-DIMETHYL-1,4-PHENYLENE OXIDE); SWELLING EQUILIBRIUM; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; MAGIC-ANGLE; XE-129 NMR AB The morphology of blends of polystyrene (PS) microgels with linear PS were studied using NMR spectroscopy. Three techniques were employed to assess the intimacy of mirdng: isothermal;cross-polarization/magic angle-spinning (CP/MAS) dipolar dephasing C-13 NMR, temperature-dependent 13C CP/ MAS NMR, and one-pulse H-1 MAS NMR. The experimental data reveal that linear PS can penetrate: the core of soft microgels, whose network strands are substantially larger than the linear chains. However when the microgel is highly cross-linked, such penetration is prevented. These results are in accord with Flory-Huggins swelling theory. Blends of linear PS with highly cross-linked microgels yield thermodynamically stable morphologies, in which the components are molecularly dispersed, yet segmental contacts are virtually absent. Such a phase morphology is novel and cannot be obtained with-conventional polymer blends. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, D-14513 Teltow, Germany. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 31 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 22 BP 8354 EP 8360 DI 10.1021/ma000951x PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 370UL UT WOS:000165140700036 ER PT J AU Cheng, KA Yang, CH Yang, MJ AF Cheng, KA Yang, CH Yang, MJ TI Nanometer-scale quantum channels defined by reactive ion etching in InAs/AlSb heterojunctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ELECTRON-BEAM; INAS; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE; SCATTERING; RESIST AB An approach to the lateral confinement of electrons in an InAs quantum well has been developed. Conducting quantum wires, rings, and dots with lateral dimension greater than or equal to 50 nm have been fabricated by using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Due to the Fermi level pinning at InAs surface, the lateral confinement is abrupt and approximately square. Magnetotransport characterization on a series of fabricated hallbars demonstrate that, despite damage by energetic ions, the electron transport in these quantum wires is in the quasiballistic regime at 4.2 K. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02044-1]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yang@eng.umd.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 18 BP 2861 EP 2863 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)02044-1] DI 10.1063/1.1320867 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 366QV UT WOS:000090016800027 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SM Stenger, DA Shaffer, KM Maric, D Barker, JL Ma, W AF O'Connor, SM Stenger, DA Shaffer, KM Maric, D Barker, JL Ma, W TI Primary neural precursor cell expansion, differentiation and cytosolic Ca2+ response in three-dimensional collagen gel SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE three-dimensional matrix; collagen; neural precursor cell; proliferation; differentiation; rat cerebral cortex; Ca2+ imaging; immunocytochemistry ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; STEM-CELLS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CULTURES; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; PROGENITOR CELLS; IN-VITRO; REPAIR; REGENERATION; EXPRESSION AB To investigate the ability to culture neural precursor cells in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel, neuroepithelial cells were isolated from embryonic day 13 rat cortex, dispersed within type I collagen and maintained for up to 30 days in vitro. Cultured in Neuorobasal medium supplemented with B27 containing basic fibroblast growth factor, the collagen-entrapped precursor cells actively expanded and formed clone-like clusters. Many cells in the center of the cluster were proliferating as revealed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake. Some cells began to migrate away from the center at 5 days and were labeled by either neuronal marker neuron-specific beta -tubulin (TuJ1) or astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. The differentiated neurons (TuJ1(+)) exhibited characteristic cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in response to excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. These findings suggest the suitability of the 3D culture system for the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0165-0270(00)00303-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 369YF UT WOS:000165094800011 PM 11040415 ER PT J AU Mostovych, AN Chan, Y Lehecha, T Schmitt, A Sethian, JD AF Mostovych, AN Chan, Y Lehecha, T Schmitt, A Sethian, JD TI Reflected shock experiments on the equation-of-state properties of liquid deuterium at 100-600 GPa (1-6 Mbar) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSE HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATION; COMPRESSION; TARGETS; PLANETS; FUSION; MATTER; HOT AB New laser-driven shock experiments have been used to study the equation-of-state (EOS) properties of liquid deuterium. Reflected shocks are utilized to increase the shock pressure and to enhance the sensitivity ro differences in compressibility. The results of these experiments differ substantially from the predictions of the Sesame EOS. EOS models showing large dissociation effects with much greater compressibility (up to a factor of 2) agree with the data. By use of independent techniques, this experiment offers the first confirmation of an earlier observation of enhanced compressibility in liquid deuterium. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Mostovych, AN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 18 BP 3870 EP 3873 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3870 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 368ZA UT WOS:000090146300032 ER PT J AU DiLella, D Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ Kenny, TW Kaiser, WJ Vote, EC Podosek, JA Miller, LM AF DiLella, D Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ Kenny, TW Kaiser, WJ Vote, EC Podosek, JA Miller, LM TI A micromachined magnetic-field sensor based on an electron tunneling displacement transducer SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic-field sensor; tunnel sensor; MEMS ID SURFACE-DIFFUSION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; MAGNETOMETER; DETECTOR; PROPOSAL; AU(111); VACUUM; SCALE; GOLD AB We describe a micromachined magnetic-field sensor that is based on an electron tunneling transducer. This tunnel sensor is small, very sensitive, operates at ambient temperature and requires very little power. The measured resolution of the sensor is 0.3 nT/root Hz at 1 Hz, The limiting resolution, calculated based on fundamental noise sources, is 0.002 nT/root Hz at 1 Hz. The dominant source of the observed noise in the present device is low frequency air pressure fluctuations. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP DiLella, D (reprint author), Shepherd Coll, Dept Chem, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(00)00303-4 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 368PY UT WOS:000090127700002 ER PT J AU Rife, JC Bell, MI Horwitz, JS Kabler, MN Auyeung, RCY Kim, WJ AF Rife, JC Bell, MI Horwitz, JS Kabler, MN Auyeung, RCY Kim, WJ TI Miniature valveless ultrasonic pumps and mixers SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE ultrasonic; piezoelectric; acoustic streaming; microfluidics; pumps; mixers ID FLOW AB Miniature acousto-fluidic devices are described that operate as pumps without valves in channel widths of millimeters and below. These devices can also be configured to produce mixing in low-Reynolds-number flows. The prototypes are based on radio-frequency, ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers that exert a directed body force on the fluid via acoustic attenuation. The process is a type of acoustic streaming termed quartz wind. In microfluidics applications, this mechanism has the advantages of insensitivity to the chemical state of the fluid or walls and greatly reduced crosstalk in a multichannel system. The observed pump flow velocities are on the order of 1 mm/s in 1.6 x 1.6 mm(2) channels and with a calculated maximum backpressure that can be pumped against of 0.13 Pa. Due to the low backpressure, quartz wind devices are not competitive pumps for open-loop and high-impedance microfluidics systems but could find application in pumping in low-impedance planar and closed-loop systems and for mixing in reservoirs and channels. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Rife, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT 30 PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(00)00433-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 368PY UT WOS:000090127700020 ER PT J AU Dennis, ML Duling, IN AF Dennis, ML Duling, IN TI Polarisation-independent intensity modulator based on lithium niobate SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS; POLARIZATION SENSITIVITY AB Broadband, polarisation-independent intensity modulation-based on a lithium niobate phase modulator in a fibre Sagnac interferometer configuration is demonstrated. Residual polarisation dependence is found to be as low as < 0.25dB for low frequency operation, and < 2dB to frequencies of > 20GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dennis, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Lightwave Applicat Sect, Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 22 BP 1857 EP 1858 DI 10.1049/el:20001295 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 373CE UT WOS:000165270200020 ER PT J AU Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Yang, MJ AF Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Yang, MJ TI Low-frequency noise in AlSb/InAs HEMTs SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Measurements of the low-frequency noise in several types of AlSb/InAs HEMTs are reported. The slope of the noise level with frequency is close to ideal 1/f for some types, while others have significant generation-recombination components. The Hooge parameter, alpha (H), for all the devices is in the range between 10(-3) and 10(-2) based on floating-gate measurements at low drain voltage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 22 BP 1888 EP 1889 DI 10.1049/el:20001322 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 373CE UT WOS:000165270200040 ER PT J AU Long, JW Stroud, RM Swider-Lyons, KE Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Stroud, RM Swider-Lyons, KE Rolison, DR TI How to make electrocatalysts more active for direct methanol oxidation - Avoid PtRu bimetallic alloys! SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID CELL ANODE ELECTROCATALYSTS; HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE; FUEL-CELL; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RU ADATOMS; ELECTROOXIDATION; PLATINUM; ELECTRODES AB Contrary to the current understanding of Pt-Ru electrocatalyzed oxidation of methanol, the bimetallic alloy is not the most desired form of the catalyst. In the nanoscale Pt-Ru blacks used to electrooxidize methanol in direct methanol fuel cells, (PtRu0)-Ru-0 has orders of magnitude less activity for methanol oxidation than does a mixed-phase electrocatalyst containing Pt metal and hydrous ruthenium oxides (RuOxHy). Bulk, rather than near-surface, quantities of electron-proton conducting RuOxHy are required to achieve high activity for methanol oxidation. The active catalyst forms a nanoscopic, phase-separated hydrons oxide-on-metal structure that retains the Pt metal-RuOxHy boundaries required to oxidize methanol fully to carbon dioxide and water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 52 TC 280 Z9 284 U1 3 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 26 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 42 BP 9772 EP 9776 DI 10.1021/jp001954e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 369QC UT WOS:000165077600002 ER PT J AU Rose-Pehrsson, SL Shaffer, RE Hart, SJ Frederick, FW Gottuk, DT Strehlen, BD Hill, SA AF Rose-Pehrsson, SL Shaffer, RE Hart, SJ Frederick, FW Gottuk, DT Strehlen, BD Hill, SA TI Multi-criteria fire detection systems using a probabilistic neural network SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electronic Noses (ISOEN 99) CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL TUBINGEN, GERMANY DE fire detection; multi-signature; multi-sensor; smoke detector; sensors; multivariate analysis; probabilistic neural network ID ARRAY PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB The Navy program, Damage Control Automation for Reduced Manning (DC-ARM), is focused on enhancing automation of ship functions and damage control systems. A key element to this objective is the improvement of current fire detection systems. As in many applications, it is desired to increase detection sensitivity and, more importantly, increase the reliability of the detection system through improved nuisance alarm immunity. Improved reliability is needed such that fire detection systems can automatically control fire suppression systems. The use of multi-criteria-based detection technology continues to offer the most promising means to achieve both improved sensitivity to real fires and reduced susceptibility to nuisance alarm sources. A multi-signature early warning fire detection system is being developed to provide reliable warning of actual fire conditions in less time with fewer nuisance alarms than can be achieved with commercially available smoke detection systems. In this study, a large database consisting of the responses of 20 sensors to several different types of fires and nuisance sources was generated and analyzed using a variety of multivariate methods. Three data matrices were developed at discrete times corresponding to the different alarm levels of a conventional photoelectric smoke detector. The alarm times represent 0.82%, 1.63% and 11% obscurations per meter. The datasets were organized into three classes representing the sensor responses for baseline (nonfire), fires and nuisance sources. A robust data analysis strategy for use with a sensor array consisting of four to five sensors for early fin detection and nuisance source rejection was developed using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) that was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory for chemical sensor arrays. The analysis algorithms described in this paper evaluate discrete samples and develop classification models that examine individual chemical signatures at discrete points. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hughes Associates Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD OCT 25 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 3 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00481-0 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 367CE UT WOS:000090043400020 ER PT J AU Gordon, J Dykes, D Pausina, F AF Gordon, J Dykes, D Pausina, F TI MMS investigations provide insights into GOM accidents SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Minerals Management Serv, New Orleans, LA USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Gordon, J (reprint author), Minerals Management Serv, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD OCT 23 PY 2000 VL 98 IS 43 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 367WF UT WOS:000090083900014 ER PT J AU Zdziarski, AA Poutanen, J Johnson, WN AF Zdziarski, AA Poutanen, J Johnson, WN TI Observations of Seyfert galaxies by OSSE and parameters of their X-ray/gamma-ray sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : Seyfert; gamma rays : observations ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; THERMAL COMPTONIZATION; PAIR PRODUCTION; COMPACT SOURCES; BLACK-HOLES; ACCRETION; EMISSION; ADVECTION; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB We present a summary of spectra of Seyfert galaxies observed by the OSSE detector aboard Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. We obtain average spectra of Seyfert galaxies of types 1 and 2 and find they are well fitted by thermal Comptonization. We present detailed parameter ranges for the plasma temperature and the Compton parameter in the cases of spherical and slab geometries. We find both the average and individual OSSE spectra of Seyfert 2s are significantly harder than those of Seyfert Is, which difference can be due to anisotropy of Compton reflection and/or Thomson-thick absorption. C1 N Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Stockholm Observ, SE-13336 Saltsjobaden, Sweden. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zdziarski, AA (reprint author), N Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Poutanen, Juri/H-6651-2016 OI Poutanen, Juri/0000-0002-0983-0049 NR 47 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2000 VL 542 IS 2 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1086/317046 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YN UT WOS:000165095500017 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK DeLuca, EE Golub, L McMullen, RA AF Antiochos, SK DeLuca, EE Golub, L McMullen, RA TI Determination of flare heating and cooling using the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : flares; sun : transition region; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID PLASMA AB We describe how the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer 171 Angstrom observations can be used to determine the properties of flare-loop heating. The key point is that the evolution of a loop transition region (TR) is much easier to measure quantitatively than the bulk flare plasma because the TR emission originates from an unobscured source with simple geometry. We derive general analytic expressions for the evolution of a flare-loop TR that, in principle, permit a determination of the heating function from the observations. These results are compared with observations of the 1998 September 20 flare. We find that the observed evolution of the flare ribbons is in good agreement with our model for the evaporative cooling of flare loops and that the heating in these loops is incompatible with the assumption of spatial uniformity. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Antiochos, SK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2000 VL 542 IS 2 BP L151 EP L154 DI 10.1086/312927 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YQ UT WOS:000165095700019 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Osherovich, V AF Titarchuk, L Osherovich, V TI The global normal disk oscillations and the persistent low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in X-ray binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; diffusion; stars : individual (EXO 0748-676, GRO J1655-40, Hercules X-1, LMC X-1, XTE J1118+480, 4U 1323-62, 4U 1746-31); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; BLACK-HOLES; GRO J1655-40; MASS; SPECTRA; LMC-X-1; X-1 AB We suggest that persistent low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) detected in the black hole (BH) sources XTE J1118+480, GRO J1655-40, and LMC X-l at similar to0.1 Hz, in HZ Her/Her X-l at similar to0.05 Hz, and in neutron star (NS) binaries 4U 1323-62, 4U 1746-31, and EXO 0748--76 at similar to1 Hz are caused by the global disk oscillations in the direction normal to the disk (normal mode). We argue that these disk oscillations are a result of the gravitational interaction between the central compact object and the disk. A small displacement of the disk from the equatorial plane results in a linear gravitational restoring force opposite to this displacement. Our analysis shows chat the frequency of this mode is a function of the mass of the central object and that it also depends on the inner and outer radii of the disk, which in turn are related to the orbital period of the binary system. We derive an analytical formula for the frequency of the normal disk mode and show that these frequencies can be related to the persistent lower QPO frequencies observed in the NS and BH sources. We offer a new independent approach to the BH mass determination by interpreting this low QPO frequency as the global disk oscillation frequency. The implementation of this method combined with the independent method recently developed by Shrader & Titarchuk that uses the X-ray energy spectra results in stringent constraints for the BH masses. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon Informat Technol & Sci Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon Informat Technol & Sci Serv, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2000 VL 542 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/312935 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 369YQ UT WOS:000165095700009 ER PT J AU Nosho, BZ Barvosa-Carter, W Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ AF Nosho, BZ Barvosa-Carter, W Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ TI Interpreting interfacial structure in cross-sectional STM images of III-V semiconductor heterostructures SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gallium antimonide; indium arsenide; molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; single crystal epitaxy; superlattices; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICES; ROUGHNESS; DEPENDENCE; ANISOTROPY; ASYMMETRY AB Using model GaSb-InAs heterostructures, we have systematically examined how cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM) can be used for the study of III-V heterostructure interfaces. The interpretation of interfacial structure in XSTM images is impeded by the fact that only every other III or V plane as grown on the (001) substrate is seen in each image. We show how this structural artifact affects spectral analyses of interfacial roughness, preventing an accurate analysis when interfaces are just a few layers wide. Additional complications arise due to the inequivalence of the (110) and (110) cleavage surfaces and the dependence of interfacial bond orientation on growth order. By taking advantage of the different bond orientations on the two cleavage surfaces, we demonstrate that the contrast observed at the interfacial layers in this system is caused primarily by the geometry of the interfacial bonds, not electronic structure differences. Finally, we illustrate how careful design of model heterostructures can be used to circumvent many limitations of XSTM, and thereby allow one to obtain detailed atomic-scale information about all the growth layers in the structure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 2000 VL 465 IS 3 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00732-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 370CZ UT WOS:000165106500022 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J TI Ultrashallow junctions in silicon formed by molecular-beam epitaxy using boron delta doping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI; SI(100); GROWTH AB Low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy was used to form highly conductive, ultrashallow layers in silicon using boron delta doping. Junction depths, determined with secondary ion mass spectrometry, ranged from 7 to 18 nm. A minimum resistivity of 3x10(-4) Omega cm was obtained when the delta-doped layers were spaced 2.5 nm apart. The sheet resistances of the epitaxial layers, plotted as a function of junction depth, followed the theoretical curve for a box-doped layer having a boron doping concentration equal to the solid solubility limit, 6x10(20)/cm(3). At a specific thickness, the minimum sheet resistance obtained by B delta doping was more than a factor of 5 less than that achieved by ion implantation. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)05342-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 16 BP 2569 EP 2571 DI 10.1063/1.1319189 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 362HK UT WOS:000089772400045 ER PT J AU Inchiosa, ME Robinson, JWC Bulsara, AR AF Inchiosa, ME Robinson, JWC Bulsara, AR TI Information-theoretic stochastic resonance in noise-floor limited systems: The case for adding noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-DETECTION AB We show that in systems whose output must compete with a noise source, stochastic resonance (maximization of output signal-noise separation as a nonmonotonic function of input noise strength) exists even when measured in terms of fundamental statistical measures and optimal detector performance. This is in contrast to the commonly considered scenario where, without the competing noise, the system (e.g., a driven, overdamped particle moving in a double well potential) is essentially invertible and optimal detector performance monotonically deteriorates with increasing input noise strength. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Def Res Estab, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Inchiosa, ME (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D364, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3369 EP 3372 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3369 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 363YU UT WOS:000089865900009 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM Stanford, T Lai, YC Zyczkowski, K AF Bollt, EM Stanford, T Lai, YC Zyczkowski, K TI Validity of threshold-crossing analysis of symbolic dynamics from chaotic time series SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAP AB A practical and popular technique to extract the symbolic dynamics from experimentally measured chaotic time series is the threshold-crossing method, by which an arbitrary partition is utilized fur determining the symbols. We address to what extent the symbolic dynamics so obtained can faithfully represent the phase-space dynamics. Our principal result is that such a practice can lead to a severe misrepresentation of the dynamical system. The measured topological entropy is a Devil's staircase-like, but surprisingly nonmonotone, function of a parameter characterizing the amount of misplacement of the partition. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fizyki Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Fizyki Teoretycznej, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Zyczkowski, Karol/G-4390-2011 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3524 EP 3527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3524 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 363YU UT WOS:000089865900048 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Evaluating productivity SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LABX MEDIA GROUP PI MIDLAND PA PO BOX 216, 478 BAY ST, MIDLAND, ONTARIO L4R 1K9, CANADA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD OCT 16 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 20 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 364FN UT WOS:000089881500005 ER PT J AU Stephen, P Brown, AE Dolan, MJ Michael, NL Zhou, S Perfetto, HC Robb, M Lane, J Mayers, D McNeil, JG Malone, JD Garner, R Birx, DL AF Stephen, P Brown, AE Dolan, MJ Michael, NL Zhou, S Perfetto, HC Robb, M Lane, J Mayers, D McNeil, JG Malone, JD Garner, R Birx, DL TI Clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage HIV disease: Contribution of HIV-1 RNA and T-lymphocyte subset quantitation and expression SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. SRA Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, OSB, DBS, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 MA 32 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 366DG UT WOS:000089989100040 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Ensign, W Roberts, D AF Redelman, D Ensign, W Roberts, D TI Quantitative immunophenotype (QuIP) is characteristic of individuals SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry & UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 MA 36 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 366DG UT WOS:000089989100044 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Donato, TF AF Bachmann, CM Donato, TF TI An information theoretic comparison of projection pursuit and principal component features for classification of Landsat TM imagery of central Colorado SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER AB Projection pursuit (PP) and principal component analysis(PCA) projections derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of central Colorado were compared. While PCA is a simple subset of the general class of PP algorithms, it cannot distinguish Gaussian from non-Gaussian distributions, since it maximizes projected variance. PP algorithms, which maximize higher-order statistics, can be used to find skew or multi-modal projections in order to reveal underlying class structure. These data projections have greater fidelity to underlying land-cover distributions. On sequestered test data, PP projections improved separation of individual categories from a few percent to as much as 24%. PP performance exceeded that of PCA for all but one of the 14 land-cover categories. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7255, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 21 IS 15 BP 2927 EP 2935 DI 10.1080/01431160050121339 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 352BB UT WOS:000089193700012 ER PT J AU Viehland, D AF Viehland, D TI Symmetry-adaptive ferroelectric mesostates in oriented Pb(BI1/3BII2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; DOMAIN STATES; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORMATIONS; PRECURSORS AB An intermediate orthorhombic ferroelectric phase has been found in oriented crystals of (0.92)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.08PbTiO(3) (PZN-PT 92/8). Investigations have been performed by electrically induced polarization and strain methods, and reciprocal phase space mapping. The lattice parameters of this intermediate ferroelectric state have been shown to be equal to those predicted by the adaptive martensite theory. A hierarchy of symmetries is believed to exist on the mesoscale which are due to symmetry reductions by domain averaging. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)07219-4]. C1 USN, Naval Seacommand, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Naval Seacommand, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 51 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 8 BP 4794 EP 4806 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)07219-4] DI 10.1063/1.1289789 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 358HP UT WOS:000089552800055 ER PT J AU Li, T Hogan, TF Chang, CP AF Li, T Hogan, TF Chang, CP TI Dynamic and thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; COUPLED GCM; THERMOSTAT; CLIMATE; POOL AB The relative roles of clouds, surface evaporation, and ocean heat transport in limiting maximum sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Pacific warm pool are investigated by means of simple and intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere models. The authors first take an analytical approach by constructing a conceptual two-box model that contains dynamic coupling among the Walker circulation, SST, and ocean thermocline and thermodynamic coupling, which includes shortwave and longwave cloud forcing and latent and sensible heat fluxes at the ocean surface. In a realistic parameter regime, the three mechanisms mentioned above are all essential in limiting the SSTs within the observed range. The lack of any one mechanism would lead to an equilibrium SST that is too high, although unstable warming due to the super greenhouse effect would not occur. The analysis of the surface heat balance from the simple box model indicates that in the western Pacific warm pool, cloud reflection has a dominant effect, followed by evaporation and ocean dynamics. The simple model results are further evaluated numerically by using an intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model. With the forcing of the annual-mean solar radiation, this model is capable of simulating a realistic annual mean climate in the tropical Pacific. The authors then introduce an initial SST perturbation and examine how the perturbation evolves with time in the presence of clouds, surface evaporation, and ocean dynamic processes. Four experiments have been designed. In the first three experiments, each of the three processes is studied separately; in the last experiment, they are combined. The intermediate model results indicate that in the western Pacific warm pool, the largest negative feedback comes from the cloud shortwave radiation forcing, followed by the surface evaporation and ocean heat transport. The sensitivity of the model to various initial SST perturbation patterns is also investigated. C1 Univ Hawaii, SOEST, IPRC, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, SOEST, IPRC, Dept Meteorol, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 213, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 20 BP 3353 EP 3365 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3353:DATROO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369FC UT WOS:000165054500001 ER PT J AU Teisseyre, H Suski, T Perlin, P Grzegory, I Leszczynski, M Bockowski, M Porowski, S Freitas, JA Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD AF Teisseyre, H Suski, T Perlin, P Grzegory, I Leszczynski, M Bockowski, M Porowski, S Freitas, JA Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD TI Different character of the donor-acceptor pair-related 3.27 eV band and blue photoluminescence in Mg-doped GaN. Hydrostatic pressure studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; DEPENDENCE AB High-pressure measurements were employed to study mechanisms of (i) the 3.27 eV emission band (and phonon replicas) and (ii) 2.9-3.1 eV blue photoluminescence in different types of GaN:Mg samples. GaN layers with low Mg doping, grown on bulk GaN crystals and on sapphire substrates, were used to study the 3.27 eV uv band. This band results from donor-acceptor pair (DAP) recombination (with both impurities of shallow character). For high Mg doping resulting in blue light emission at about 3 eV, a bulk GaN crystal and a layer grown on sapphire were employed. For the all samples the pressure coefficient of the corresponding luminescence bands was measured at 77 K by means of the diamond anvil technique. The energy shift of the 3.27 eV band under hydrostatic pressure is used to determine the linear pressure coefficient characteristic for (shallow) DAP recombination. It has a value of about 35 meV/GPa, close to the pressure shift of the GaN band gap (about 40 meV/GPa). The 2.9-3.1 eV blue luminescence band exhibits much lower pressure coefficients of about 23 meV/GPa. It shows that the initial state of the blue emission has localized character in both types of GaN material and supplies a strong argument against models of radiative recombination in highly-Mg-doped/compensated GaN material that postulate an involvement of delocalized (shallow) electronic states as the initial states. C1 Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Res Ctr, UNIPRESS, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Teisseyre, H (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Res Ctr, UNIPRESS, Sokolowska 29, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. RI Teisseyre, Henryk/A-1394-2017 OI Teisseyre, Henryk/0000-0001-8640-1283 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 15 BP 10151 EP 10157 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10151 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 365YB UT WOS:000089977100055 ER PT J AU Findlay, PC Wells, JPR Bradley, IV Crowder, JG Pidgeon, CR Murdin, BN Yang, MJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Findlay, PC Wells, JPR Bradley, IV Crowder, JG Pidgeon, CR Murdin, BN Yang, MJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Suppression of Auger recombination in long-wavelength quantum well W-structure lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; AUGER-RECOMBINATION; MU-M; INFRARED-LASERS; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS; CASCADE; GROWTH AB Using picosecond pulses from a free-electron laser, we have carried out a pump-probe determination of Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) and Auger free-carrier recombination lifetimes in two long-wave (6-7 mum) W-structure laser with InAs/Ga1-xInxSb/InAs/AlSb active regions. The SRH coefficient is nearly constant (A approximate to4.0X10(8) s(-1)), while the Auger coefficient has an upper limit of C=4.0x10(-27) to 2.2X10(-27) cm(6)/s in the temperature range 40-230 K. This represents an order of magnitude Auger suppression compared to type-I III-V semiconductors with the same energy gap. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Pidgeon, CR (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM c.r.pidgeon@hw.ac.uk OI Pidgeon, Carl/0000-0001-8554-3669; Murdin, Ben/0000-0001-9219-652X NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 15 BP 10297 EP 10300 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10297 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 365YB UT WOS:000089977100072 ER PT J AU Patrick, HJ AF Patrick, HJ TI Self-aligning, bipolar bend transducer based on long period grating written in eccentric core fibre SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER GRATINGS AB A long period grating-based bend sensor featuring direct bend sensitivity along with linear, bipolar curvature response is demonstrated. The sensor can be aligned for optimum sensitivity using the slight intrinsic curvature of the eccentric core fibre. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Tech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Tech Branch, Code 5675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 21 BP 1763 EP 1764 DI 10.1049/el:20001270 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 368RM UT WOS:000090131400008 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK Norton, D AF Klimchuk, JA Antiochos, SK Norton, D TI Twisted coronal magnetic loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; MHD; methods : numerical; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID FLUX TUBES; ENERGY BUILDUP; FIELDS; EVOLUTION; EQUILIBRIUM; STABILITY; SHEAR AB Observed coronal loops have a surprisingly uniform thickness that cannot be easily understood in terms of standard coronal magnetic field models. We investigate the possibility that the uniform thickness can be explained by locally enhanced twist in the field, so that observed loops correspond to twisted coronal flux tubes. Our approach is to construct numerical models of fully three-dimensional force-free magnetic fields. To resolve the internal structure of an individual loop embedded within a much larger dipole configuration, we use a nonuniform numerical grid of size 609 x 513 x 593, the largest ever applied to a solar problem to our knowledge. Our models show that twist promotes circular cross sections in loops. Such cross sections are typically assumed, and have recently been verified from observations, but their physical cause has been heretofore unexplained. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. High Performance Fortran Associates, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2000 VL 542 IS 1 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1086/309527 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 365ME UT WOS:000089954400049 ER PT J AU Gopinath, A AF Gopinath, A TI Thermoacoustic streaming on a sphere SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENGINES AB The fundamental problem of thermoacoustic streaming on a rigid sphere in a strong standing acoustic field has been treated analytically. The sphere radius (a) is taken to be large compared with the displacement amplitude (A) of fluid oscillations, and yet small on the scale of the radian wavelength (lambda/2 pi) of the sound field. Only the high frequency limit is considered here, for which the Stokes oscillatory boundary layer thickness (delta(nu)) is much smaller than the sphere radius (a), and the streaming effects in the boundary layer are most pronounced. It is found that the phased interaction of the first-order harmonic quantities in the boundary layer is capable of introducing a second-order time-averaged temperature distribution, in addition to the well-known second-order time-averaged fluid motion. The associated steady temperature gradients cause localized heating and cooling variations over the surface of the sphere, whose net result is always a mean heating of the sphere. The role of little-known second-order thermodynamic moduli is pointed out, which, however, do not contribute to this phenomenon for the case of an ideal gas host fluid. Results for this time-averaged thermal effect are presented and discussed with reference to a possible novel application to the acoustic heating of small particles using ultrasonic frequencies for which heat fluxes of O(1) kW m(-2) can be achieved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gopinath, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Code ME-Gk, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gopinath@nps.navy.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 8 PY 2000 VL 456 IS 2002 BP 2419 EP 2439 DI 10.1098/rspa.2000.0619 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 361KF UT WOS:000089721700006 ER PT J AU McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Groeneveld, JA van Stralen, JNP Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC AF McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Groeneveld, JA van Stralen, JNP Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC TI Molecular knife throwing: aiming for dissociation at specific surface sites through state-selection SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; ASSOCIATIVE DESORPTION; CU(111) SURFACE; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; H-2 DISSOCIATION; METAL-SURFACES; ADSORPTION; CU(100); HYDROGEN AB We perform a quantum study of the dissociative adsorption of H-2 molecules on the Cu(100) surface. By calculating the reaction probability at specific surface sites, we find that, even at low collision energies, reaction is not necessarily dominated by the site with the lowest potential barrier to reaction. By controlling the vibration and collision energy of the molecules one could, in principle, selectively induce reaction at different specific surface sites, probing them individually. We also suggest an experiment that could provide additional evidence for our predictions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Leiden Univ, Gorlaeus Labs, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kroes, GJ (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Gorlaeus Labs, Leiden Inst Chem, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2000 VL 328 IS 4-6 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00939-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 363LE UT WOS:000089836500001 ER PT J AU Peiris, SM Mowrey, RC Thompson, CA Russell, TP AF Peiris, SM Mowrey, RC Thompson, CA Russell, TP TI Computational and experimental infrared spectra of 1,4-dinitropiperazine and vibrational mode assignment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; THERMOLYSIS; APPROXIMATION; NITRAMINES; EXCHANGE AB The IR spectra of both solid and matrix-isolated 1,4-dinitropiperazine (p-DNP) were obtained. The results indicate that 1,4-dinitropiperazine at 11 K is a mixture of three chair conformer structures and a single twisted-boat conformer. Vibrational modes of each conformer were computed using the B3LYP and BP86 density functional methods. The computed frequencies are used to assign vibrational mode symmetries to the spectra obtained experimentally. The conformer populations obtained by fitting experimental data with a weighted-sum spectrum generated from individual calculated conformer spectra were compared with calculated thermodynamic conformer populations at the experimental temperature. The energies of transition states between conformers were also calculated to clarify that the energy barriers to transformation between the three chair conformers are small enough to allow interconversion at the experimental temperature. Finally, calculated bond lengths and angles are compared to structural parameters obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction of p-DNP. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Russell, TP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 5 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 39 BP 8898 EP 8907 DI 10.1021/jp002020t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 361EY UT WOS:000089711000008 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, ES Haber, M Chang, A Shope, T Teo, S Ginsberg, M Waecker, N Cox, NJ AF Hurwitz, ES Haber, M Chang, A Shope, T Teo, S Ginsberg, M Waecker, N Cox, NJ TI Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of day care children in reducing influenza-related morbidity among household contacts SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; OTITIS-MEDIA; INFECTIONS; ATTENDANCE AB Context A growing proportion of young children in the United States participate in day care, and these children are considered to be at high risk for influenza infection. Whether vaccinating day care children reduces household transmission of influenza is not known. Objective To evaluate the effect of vaccinating day care children on reducing influenza-related morbidity among their household contacts. Design Single-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted during the 1996-1997 influenza season. Setting Ten day care centers for children of US Navy personnel in San Diego, Calif. Participants A total of 149 day care attendees (aged 24-60 months) and their families were randomized; 127 children and their 328 household contacts received 2 vaccine doses and were included in the analysis. Interventions Inactivated influenza vaccine was administered to 60 children with 162 household contacts, and hepatitis A vaccine as a control was administered to 67 age-matched children with 166 household contacts. Main Outcome Measures Information regarding febrile respiratory illnesses and related morbidity for household contacts of influenza-vaccinated vs control children (subgrouped by influenza-vaccinated and unvaccinated contacts), obtained by telephone interviews with parents every 2 weeks from November 1996 through April 1997, Results Influenza-unvaccinated household contacts (n=120) of influenza-vaccinated day care children had 42% fewer febrile respiratory illnesses (P=.04) compared with unvaccinated household contacts of control children. Among school-aged household contacts (aged 5-17 years), there was an 80% reduction among contacts of vaccinated children (n=28) vs contacts of unvaccinated children (n=31) in febrile respiratory illnesses (P=.01), as well as reductions of more than 70% in school days missed (P=.02), reported earaches (P=.02), physician visits (P=.007), physician-prescribed antibiotics (P=.02), and adults who missed work to take care of ill children (P=.04), Conclusions These results indicate that vaccinating day care children against influenza helps reduce influenza-related morbidity among their household contacts, particularly among school-aged contacts. Future studies should be conducted in civilian populations to assess the full effect of vaccinating day care children against influenza. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. USN, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. San Diego Cty Hlth Dept, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hurwitz, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 195 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 13 BP 1677 EP 1682 DI 10.1001/jama.284.13.1677 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 357KY UT WOS:000089501900028 PM 11015798 ER PT J AU Colla, EV Chao, LK Weissman, MB Viehland, DD AF Colla, EV Chao, LK Weissman, MB Viehland, DD TI Aging in a relaxor ferroelectric: Scaling and memory effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; SPIN-GLASSES; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; DYNAMICS; FIELD; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; MAGNONIOBATE; RELAXATION; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB A crossover as a function of temperature is found in the zero-field aging properties of the relaxer ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 Below a temperature near which nonlinear susceptibility has indicated a suspected phase transition, the time-frequency dependence shows simple scale-independent behavior resembling that for spin glasses. As in spin glasses, high temperature aging is stable as further aging occurs at lower temperature, but not vice versa, indicating hierarchical state arrangement. A more general interpretation of such effects is briefly discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Seacommand Div, Off Naval Res, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Colla, EV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 31 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 14 BP 3033 EP 3036 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3033 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 358XA UT WOS:000089581400047 PM 11005996 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, JA Flower, HM AF Christodoulou, JA Flower, HM TI The role of borides in near-gamma titanium aluminides SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY AB This paper reviews how boride additions affect the microstructure, strength and creep properties of alpha (2) + gamma titanium aluminides. Important titanium boride structures in near-gamma alloys include TiB2 and TiB; their structures and stability ranges are discussed first. Then, influences on matrix microstructure-grain refinement, enhanced microstructural conversion kinetics, and the stabilization of fine lamellar structure-are elaborated upon, for matrix microstructure plays the most important role in determining mechanical properties. The combined effects of reinforcement and microstructure on mechanical behavior are then explored, illustrating how the incorporation of grain refiners, such as titanium borides, facilitates thermomechanical processing and enables the tailoring of microstructure to optimize specific mechanical properties. C1 NSWC, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Christodoulou, JA (reprint author), NSWC, Carderock Div, Code 681,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 2 IS 10 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1002/1527-2648(200010)2:10<631::AID-ADEM631>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 370NJ UT WOS:000165128900014 ER PT J AU Cenko, A Lutton, M AF Cenko, A Lutton, M TI ACFD applications to store separation - status report SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Congress of the International-Council-of-the-Aeronautical-Sciences CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2000 CL HARROGATE, ENGLAND SP Int Council Aeronaut Sci C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cenko, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1V OBQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 104 IS 1040 BP 459 EP 466 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 386VN UT WOS:000166082400004 ER PT J AU Momiyama, TS AF Momiyama, TS TI Aviation at a crossroads SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Momiyama, TS (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 362TD UT WOS:000089793600001 ER PT J AU Cipolla, K Keith, W AF Cipolla, K Keith, W TI Effects of pressure gradients on turbulent boundary layer wave number frequency spectra SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WALL-PRESSURE; FLUCTUATIONS; FLOW AB We extend the work of Schloemer concerning the fluctuating wall pressure field for turbulent boundary layers with mild favorable and adverse pressure gradients (Schloemer, H. H,, "Effects of Pressure Gradients on Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Wall-Pressure Fluctuations," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 42, No. 1, 1967, pp, 93-113). The use of delta as an outer length scale is shown to produce distinct trends in the convection velocities. The autospectra for the respective cases are scaled on inner and outer variables, with outer variables collapsing the data over a narrow frequency range, The effects of spatial averaging due to the finite transducer size are taken into account, Estimations of the wave number frequency spectra are obtained by spatially transforming the cross spectra, and taking into account the variation of convection velocity with spatial separation, A distinct trend in these spectra are displayed, with an asymmetric convective ridge that broadens as the pressure gradient changes from favorable to adverse. Uncertainties in the estimation of the spectra are discussed. The results are applicable to the how-induced radiated noise of undersea vehicles and the self-noise of sonar systems. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cipolla, K (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Code 2141,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1832 EP 1836 DI 10.2514/2.864 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 358LP UT WOS:000089559800006 ER PT J AU Yu, MC AF Yu, MC TI Secret war in Shanghai. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yu, MC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1275 EP 1276 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 367PP UT WOS:000090070900019 ER PT J AU McCarley, JS Krebs, WK AF McCarley, JS Krebs, WK TI Visibility of road hazards in thermal, visible, and sensor-fused night-time imagery SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE night vision; sensor fusion ID CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; FUSION; LUMINANCE; VISION; PERFORMANCE; PILOTAGE; ALCOHOL; ACUITY; GLARE AB Sensor fusion combines the output of multiple imaging sensors within a single composite display. Ideally, a fused image will retain important spatial information provided by individual input images, and will convey useful spatial or chromatic emergent information derived from the contrast between input images. The present experiment assessed the potential benefits of sensor fusion as a method of enhancing drivers' night-time detection of road hazards. Observers were asked to detect a pedestrian within thermal and visible images of a night-time scene, and within chromatic and achromatic renderings created by sensor fusion of grayscale thermal and visible images. Results indicated that fusion can both improve spatial image content, and can effectively embellish spatial content with emergent chromatic information. The benefits of both sensor fusion and of color rendering, however, were inconsistent, varying substantially with quality of input images submitted for fusion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP McCarley, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mccarley@uiuc.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 EI 1872-9126 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0003-6870(00)00010-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 354CQ UT WOS:000089312600009 PM 11059466 ER PT J AU Baker, JG Tarantino, DA Miller, ML AF Baker, JG Tarantino, DA Miller, ML TI Lime disease? SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID FOOTBALL PLAYERS C1 USN Hosp, FPO, AE 09622 USA. RP Baker, JG (reprint author), USN Hosp, PSC 817,Box 32, FPO, AE 09622 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 136 IS 10 BP 1277 EP 1278 DI 10.1001/archderm.136.10.1277 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 363GL UT WOS:000089826800027 PM 11030790 ER PT J AU Ross, G Grabill, J McDevitt, E AF Ross, G Grabill, J McDevitt, E TI Chondral injury after meniscal repair with bioabsorbable arrows SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Meniscus Arrow; meniscal repair; bioabsorbable arrows; articular cartilage injury AB Meniscal repair is a frequently performed procedure. Repair may be accomplished using several different techniques including inside-out, outside-in, and all-inside instrumentation. The Meniscus Arrow (Bionx, Blue Bell, PA) is an all-inside technique that has gained considerable popularity in the past 3 years. We report and illustrate a potential complication with this implant. Arrow fracture with condyle grooving should be considered in patients who have undergone repair with the Meniscus Arrow and complain of late postoperative symptoms. C1 New England Baptist Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, ProSports Orthoped, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. USN Acad, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Sports Med, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ross, G (reprint author), New England Baptist Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, ProSports Orthoped, 840 Winter St, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. NR 5 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD OCT PY 2000 VL 16 IS 7 BP 754 EP 756 DI 10.1053/jars.2000.4629 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 360XB UT WOS:000089691700015 PM 11027762 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Tsvetanov, ZI Schneider, DP Fan, XH Becker, RH Davis, M White, RL Strauss, MA Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Davidsen, AF Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Peng, E Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Yanny, B York, DG AF Zheng, W Tsvetanov, ZI Schneider, DP Fan, XH Becker, RH Davis, M White, RL Strauss, MA Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Davidsen, AF Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Peng, E Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Yanny, B York, DG TI Five high-redshift quasars discovered in commissioning imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : general; surveys ID FIELD MULTICOLOR SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SPECTRUM; EMISSION; SYSTEM AB We report the discovery of five quasars with redshifts of 4.67-5.27 and z'-band magnitudes of 19.5-20.7 (M(B) similar to -27). All were originally selected as distant quasar candidates in optical/near-infrared photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and most were confirmed as probable high-redshift quasars by supplementing the SDSS data with J and K measurements. The quasars possess strong, broad Ly alpha emission lines, with the characteristic sharp cutoff on the blue side produced by Ly alpha forest absorption. Three quasars contain strong, broad absorption features, and one of them exhibits very strong N v emission. The amount of absorption produced by the Lya forest increases toward higher redshift, and that in the z = 5.27 object (D(A) approximate to 0.7) is consistent with a smooth extrapolation of the absorption seen in lower redshift quasars. The high luminosity of these objects relative to most other known objects at z greater than or similar to 5 makes them potentially valuable as probes of early quasar properties and of the intervening intergalactic medium. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 120 IS 4 BP 1607 EP 1611 DI 10.1086/301570 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364GQ UT WOS:000089884400001 ER PT J AU Stewart, SG Walter, F AF Stewart, SG Walter, F TI Ultraviolet observations of the powering source of the supergiant shell in IC 2574 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (IC 2574); galaxies : ISM; ISM : bubbles; ISM : structure; ultraviolet emission ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; H-II REGIONS; GROUP DWARF GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HOLMBERG-II; X-RAYS; HOLES; SUPERBUBBLES; EVOLUTION; BUBBLES AB A multiband analysis of the region containing the supergiant H I shell in the nearby dwarf irregular galaxy IC 2574 presents evidence of a causal relationship between a central star cluster, the surrounding expanding H I shell, and secondary star formation sites on the rim of the H I shell. Comparisons of the far-UV (FUV, 1521 Angstrom), optical broad band, H alpha, X-ray, and H I morphologies suggest that the region is in an auspicious moment of star formation triggered by the central stellar cluster. The derived properties of the H I shell, the central stellar cluster, and the star-forming regions on the rim support this scenario: The kinematic age of the H I shell is <14 Myr and in agreement with the age of the central stellar cluster derived from the FUV observations (similar to 11 Myr). An estimate for the mechanical energy input from supernovae and stellar winds of the central stellar cluster, made from FUV photometry and the derived cluster age, is 4.1 x 10(52) ergs, roughly a few times higher than the kinetic energy of the H I shell. The requisite energy input needed to create the H I shell, derived in the "standard" fashion from the H I observations (using the numerical models of Chevalier), is 2.6 x 10(53) ergs, which is almost 1 order of magnitude higher than the estimated energy input as derived from the FUV data. Given the overwhelming observational evidence that the central cluster is responsible for the expanding H I shell, this discrepancy suggests that the required energy input is overestimated using the "standard" method. This may explain why some other searches for remnant stellar clusters in giant H I holes have been unsuccessful so far. Our observations also show that stellar clusters are indeed able to create supergiant H I shells, even at large galactocentric radii; a scenario that has recently been questioned by a number of authors. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CALTECH, Astron Dept 105 24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Stewart, SG (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 120 IS 4 BP 1794 EP 1800 DI 10.1086/301584 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364GQ UT WOS:000089884400017 ER PT J AU Stone, RC AF Stone, RC TI Positions for the outer planets and many of their satellites. IV. FASTT observations taken in 1999-2000 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; planets and satellites : general ID EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE FRAME AB This paper presents 1201 new equatorial positions taken in 1999-2000 for the outer planets Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, as well as for 17 satellites of Jupiter-Neptune. Additional positions for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune can be derived from the planetocentric orbits of their satellites given in this paper. All the positions were determined in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) from CCD observations taken with the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT) using differential reductions. Accuracies of +/-0." 08 to +/-0." 28 were achieved, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio observed for each object. When new and older FASTT positions are compared with modern Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ephemerides, there is usually good agreement (+/-0." 1 and often much better) between theory and observation. In particular, the agreement with DE405 for the planets Jupiter-Pluto is always better than +/-0 ".05, when results are averaged over several years. Exceptions include the outer satellites of Jupiter (Elara and Pasiphae) and two satellites of Uranus (Titania and Oberon), whose ephemerides probably need improvement. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2124 EP 2130 DI 10.1086/301577 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364GQ UT WOS:000089884400044 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Urban, SE Zacharias, MI Hall, DM Wycoff, GL Rafferty, TJ Germain, ME Holdenried, ER Pohlman, JW Gauss, FS Monet, DG Winter, L AF Zacharias, N Urban, SE Zacharias, MI Hall, DM Wycoff, GL Rafferty, TJ Germain, ME Holdenried, ER Pohlman, JW Gauss, FS Monet, DG Winter, L TI The first US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; surveys ID REFERENCE-FRAME; UCAC-S AB The USNO CCD Astrograph (UCA) started an astrometric survey in 1998 February at Cerro Tololo, Chile. This first, preliminary catalog (UCAC1) includes data taken up to 1999 November with about 80% of the Southern Hemisphere covered. Observing continues, and full sky coverage is expected by mid-2003 after moving the instrument to a Northern Hemisphere site in early 2001. The survey is performed in a single bandpass (579-642 nm), a twofold overlap pattern of fields, and with a long and a short exposure on each held. Stars in the magnitude range 10-14 have positional precisions of 120 mas. At the limiting magnitude of R approximate to 16 mag, the positional precision is 70 mas. The UCAC aims at a density (stars per square degree) larger than that of the Guide Star Catalog (GSC) with a positional accuracy similar to Tycho. The UCAC program is a major step toward a high-precision densification of the optical reference frame in the post-Hipparcos era, and the first stage, the UCAC1 contains over 27 million stars. Preliminary proper motions are included, which were derived from Tycho-2, Hipparcos, and ground-based transit circle and photographic surveys for the bright stars (V less than or equal to 12.5 mag) and the USNO A2.0 for the fainter stars. The accuracy of the proper motions varies widely, from 1 to over 15 mas yr(-1). The UCAC1 is available on CD-ROM from the US Naval Observatory. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 38 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2131 EP 2147 DI 10.1086/301563 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364GQ UT WOS:000089884400045 ER PT J AU Najita, JR Tiede, GP Carr, JS AF Najita, JR Tiede, GP Carr, JS TI From stars to superplanets: The low-mass initial mass function in the young cluster IC 348 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : luminosity function, mass function; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; SPECTRAL SEQUENCE; PROPER MOTION; TAURUS-AURIGA; IC-348 AB We investigate the low-mass population of the young cluster IC 348 down to the deuterium-burning limit, a fiducial boundary between brown dwarf and planetary mass objects, using a new and innovative method for the spectral classification of late-type objects. Using photometric indices, constructed from HST/NICMOS narrowband imaging, that measure the strength of the 1.9 mu m water band, we determine the spectral type and reddening for every M-type star in the field, thereby separating cluster members from the interloper population. Due to the efficiency of our spectral classification technique, our study is complete from similar to 0.7 to 0.015 M.. The mass function derived for the cluster in this interval, dN/d log M proportional to M-0.5, is Similar to that obtained for the Pleiades, but appears significantly more abundant in brown dwarfs than the mass function for companions to nearby Sunlike stars. This provides compelling observational evidence for different formation and evolutionary histories for substellar objects formed in isolation versus as companions. Because our determination of the IMF is complete to very low masses, we can place interesting constraints on the role of physical processes such as fragmentation in the star and planet formation process and the fraction of dark matter in the Galactic halo that resides in substellar objects. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Najita, JR (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 74 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 541 IS 2 BP 977 EP 1003 DI 10.1086/309477 PN 1 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 363FT UT WOS:000089825000043 ER PT J AU Chaput, C Bloom, E Cominsky, L Godfrey, G Hertz, P Scargle, J Shabad, G Wen, H Wood, K Yentis, D AF Chaput, C Bloom, E Cominsky, L Godfrey, G Hertz, P Scargle, J Shabad, G Wen, H Wood, K Yentis, D TI A search for aperiodic millisecond variability in Cygnus X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (Cygnus X-1); stars : oscillations; X-rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; RELATIVISTIC DISKOSEISMOLOGY; DRIPPING HANDRAIL; TRANSIENT CHAOS; POWER SPECTRA; BLACK-HOLES; RAY; MODEL AB We have conducted a search for aperiodic millisecond variability in the integrated 1-25 keV X-ray region of Cyg X-l. We have examined HEAO A-1 archival data and Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) guest observer data for evidence of excess power above the Poisson noise floor using the relative integral power analysis and the Fourier transform method. Our results are in disagreement with the results of Meekins and coworkers. We attribute the discrepancy to an instrumental effect for which Meekins and coworkers did not apply a correction. With the correction we see no evidence for excess power above 25 Hz in the HEAO A-1 data. Our analysis of RXTE data is in agreement with previously published results of different data sets and shows no indication of excess power above 30 Hz. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chaput, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 541 IS 2 BP 1026 EP 1032 DI 10.1086/309444 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 363FT UT WOS:000089825000046 ER PT J AU Tanzer, DJ Schallhorn, SC Brown, MC AF Tanzer, DJ Schallhorn, SC Brown, MC TI Ejection from an aircraft following photorefractive keratectomy: A case report SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE photorefractive keratectomy; refractive surgery; aviation; ejection ID SURGERY AB A 32-yr-old active duty United States Navy Lieutenant Naval Flight Officer (NFO), 6 mo status post photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in both eyes performed as part of the first protocol to evaluate laser refractive surgery in aviators, ejected from a Navy S-3B Viking aircraft while performing field carrier landing practice. Neither the pilot nor the NFO suffered physical consequences as a result of the ejection. Coincidentally, the NFO had been examined just 1 wk before the mishap and was noted to have uncorrected visual acuity of 20/16 in each eye. Examination 1 wk following the mishap could not detect a change in vision. The NFO's vision status and his post-PRK status was not listed as a causal factor in the mishap. While this case report will not settle the debate regarding the appropriateness of refractive surgery in aviators, it does provide anecdotal evidence to support the safety of PRK in the aviation community. C1 USN, Dept Ophthalmol, Refract Surg Serv, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tanzer, DJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Ophthalmol, Refract Surg Serv, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1057 EP 1059 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 356ZA UT WOS:000089473000011 PM 11051314 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Kurur, S Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Kurur, S Karle, IL TI Design, synthesis, and crystal structure of self-assembling norbornene (NBE)-supported two-helix bundles: A unique example of Janus helicity in the solid-state structure of NBE(Aib(5))(2) SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE helix-water interactions; helix sense; ladder assembly; mixed helicity; scaffold ID PROTEIN DESIGN; ION CHANNELS; PEPTIDES; CONFORMATION; TRIPEPTIDE; ANALOGS; UNIT; OME AB Norbornene-supported bis-helical peptides with the general structure NBE(Aibn)(2) (NBE: 2,3-trans-norbornene dicarbonyl unit; Aib: alpha,alpha'-dimethyl glycine unit; n = 4,5) have been synthesized and examined for self-assembly preferences in the solid state. An x-ray study has revealed a phenomenon of Janus helicity in the solid state structure of NBE(Aib(5))(2). The lower homologue NBE(Aib(4))(2), however, shows an identical screw sense for both the helical arms. The difference in the handedness of left and right arms is reflected in the self-assembly patterns. Thus, while the NBE(Aib(4))(2) molecule self-assemblies to form an infinite hydrogen-bonded superhelical ladder, the Janus molecular NBE(Aib(5))(2) crystallizes as individual units surrounded by water molecules. The structures of Z-Aib(4)-OMe and Z-Aib(5)-OMe are also presented to compare their conformations with the helical arms of the title compound and also to the already known structures of other X-Aib(n)-Y compounds. The helices in all the molecules are the 3(10)-type. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.dagger C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD OCT PY 2000 VL 54 IS 4 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1002/1097-0282(20001005)54:4<249::AID-BIP20>3.0.CO;2-N PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 343PE UT WOS:000088710100003 PM 10867633 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Kurur, S Gilardi, R Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Kurur, S Gilardi, R Karle, IL TI Design and synthesis of AB(3)-type (A = 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl unit; B = Glu diOMe or Glu(7) octa OMe) peptide dendrimers: Crystal structure of the first generation SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE peptide dendrimer; 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl core; glutamic acid; pi-pi stacks; globular protein mimics ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; UNPROTECTED PEPTIDES; AMINO-ACIDS; T-CELL; VACCINE; ENHANCEMENT; RECEPTOR; EPITOPES; PHASE AB The first generation molecule of glutamic acid-based dendrons on a 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl core leads to a cylindrical assembly as demonstrated by single crystal x-ray diffraction. The benzene pi-pi stack (A) is stabilized by vertical NH ... O=C hydrogen bonding with each subunit participating in three intermolecular hydrogen bonds related by three-fold rotation symmetry. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.dagger C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD OCT PY 2000 VL 54 IS 4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1002/1097-0282(20001005)54:4<289::AID-BIP60>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 343PE UT WOS:000088710100007 PM 10867637 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JS Watkins, AN Racz, D Ligler, FS AF Lundgren, JS Watkins, AN Racz, D Ligler, FS TI A liquid crystal pixel array for signal discrimination in array biosensors SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; liquid crystal array; multi-analyte sensing ID FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSOR; TNT AB A new optical design uses a liquid crystal pixel array (LCPA) to discriminate multiple fluorescence signals on a two-dimensional biosensor array. The LCPA can selectively control the transmission of fluorescence generated from multiple biosensing elements on a planar waveguide. This device sequentially acquires the fluorescence data from the substrate by making multiple individual measurements of the sensing elements on the waveguide. The biosensing elements are patterned according to the pixel layout of the LCPA and optically aligned so that each electronically driven pixel can either transmit or filter out the fluorescence signal as specified by the user. The primary advantage of this system is that a single detection channel (i.e. photomultiplier tube (PMT)) can be used to measure multiple fluorescence signals from a two-dimensional substrate while the LCPA provides for spatial resolution. We evaluate the performance of the LCPA by testing the optical homogeneity of the liquid crystal pixels and linear dynamic range for transmitting light. The LCPA is also used with well-developed biosensing chemistry modified for this optical format. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 7-8 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(00)00098-1 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 369QV UT WOS:000165079200012 PM 11219756 ER PT J AU Marino, L Rilling, JK Lin, SK Ridgway, SH AF Marino, L Rilling, JK Lin, SK Ridgway, SH TI Relative volume of the cerebellum in dolphins and comparison with anthropoid primates SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; Tursiops truncatus; Delphinus delphis; brain; odontoceti; comparative neuroanatomy ID BRAIN EVOLUTION; ACTIVATION; NEURONS; MEMORY; BAT AB According to the 'developmental constraint hypothesis' of comparative mammalian neuroanatomy, brain growth follows predictable allometric trends. Therefore, brain structures should scale to the entire brain in the same way across mammals. Evidence for a departure from this pattern for cerebellum volume has recently been reported among the anthropoid primates. One of the mammalian groups that has been neglected in tests of the 'developmental constraint hypothesis' is the cetaceans (dolphins, whales, and porpoises). Because many cetaceans possess relative brain sizes in the range of primates comparative tests of the 'developmental constraint hypothesis' across these two groups could help to delineate the parameters of this hypothesis. In this paper, we compare relative cerebellum volumes in two cetacean species, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) with published data from anthropoid primates. We found that relative cerebellum size is significantly greater in the two dolphin species than in any of the primates, including humans. These results suggest that there is possibly expansion of brain structures independent of strictly allometric processes. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Neurosci & Behav Biol Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP Marino, L (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Neurosci & Behav Biol Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; PHS HHS [P51-01691] NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-8977 J9 BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT JI Brain Behav. Evol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 56 IS 4 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1159/000047205 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA 387ZC UT WOS:000166152100004 PM 11154999 ER PT J AU Gwara, JJ Wright, D AF Gwara, JJ Wright, D TI A new manuscript of Juan de Flores' 'Grisel y Mirabella': Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. Lat. MS-6966, ff. 68r-76v SO BULLETIN OF HISPANIC STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. RP Gwara, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIVERPOOL UNIV PRESS PI LIVERPOOL PA 4 CAMBRIDGE ST, LIVERPOOL L69 7ZU, ENGLAND SN 1475-3839 J9 B HISPANIC STUD JI Bull. Hisp. Stud. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 77 IS 4 BP 503 EP 526 PG 24 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 395ZB UT WOS:000166610900002 ER PT J AU Washington, WM Weatherly, JW Meehl, GA Semtner, AJ Bettge, TW Craig, AP Strand, WG Arblaster, J Wayland, VB James, R Zhang, Y AF Washington, WM Weatherly, JW Meehl, GA Semtner, AJ Bettge, TW Craig, AP Strand, WG Arblaster, J Wayland, VB James, R Zhang, Y TI Parallel climate model (PCM) control and transient simulations SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE DYNAMICS; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SYSTEM-MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CCM3; SENSITIVITY; DESIGN AB The Department of Energy (DOE) supported Parallel Climate Model (PCM) makes use of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3) and Land Surface Model (LSM) for the atmospheric and land surface components, respectively, the DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program (POP) for the ocean component, and the Naval Postgraduate School sea-ice model. The PCM executes on several distributed and shared memory computer systems. The coupling method is similar to that used in the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) in that a flux coupler ties the components together, with interpolations between the different grids of the component models. Flute adjustments are not used in the PCM. The ocean component has 2/3 degrees average horizontal grid spacing with 32 vertical levels and a free surface that allows calculation of sea level changes. Near the equator, the grid spacing is approximately 1/2 degrees in latitude to better capture the ocean equatorial dynamics. The North Pole is rotated over northern North America thus producing resolution smaller than 3/3 degrees in the North Atlantic where the sinking part of the world conveyor circulation largely takes place. Because this ocean model component does not have a computational Feint at the North pole, the Arctic Ocean circulation systems are more realistic and similar to the observed. The elastic viscous plastic sea ice model has a grid spacing of 27 km to represent small-scale features such as ice transport through the Canadian Archipelago and the East Greenland current region. Results from a 300 year present-day coupled climate control simulation are presented, as well as for a transient 1% per year compound CO2 increase experiment which shows a global warming of 1.27 degreesC for a 10 year average at the doubling point of CO2 and 2.89 degreesC at the quadrupling point. There is a gradual warming beyond the doubling and quadrupling points with CO2 held constant. Globally averaged sea level rise at the time of CO2 control simulation are 1% per year transient 1% doubling is approximately 7 cm and at the time of quadrupling it is 23 cm. Some of the regional sea level changes are larger and reflect the adjustments in the temperature, salinity, internal ocean dynamics, surface heat flux, and wind stress on the ocean. A 0.5% per year CO2 increase experiment also was performed showing a global warming of 1.5 degreesC around the time of CO2 doubling and a similar warming pattern to the 1% CO2 per year increase experiment. El Nino and La Nina events in the tropical Pacific show approximately the observed frequency distribution and amplitude, which leads to near observed levels of variability on interannual time scales. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC USA. RP Washington, WM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010 OI Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363 NR 52 TC 460 Z9 471 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 16 IS 10-11 BP 755 EP 774 DI 10.1007/s003820000079 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 368LD UT WOS:000090117700003 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Westerfield, M Townsend, J Courchesne, E Sejnowski, TJ TI Removal of eye activity artifacts from visual event-related potentials in normal and clinical subjects SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artifact removal; electrooculographic; independent component analysis; single-trial event-related potentials; event-related potential ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SPATIAL ATTENTION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC RECORDINGS; BLIND SEPARATION; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; EEG; RESPONSES; AUTISM AB Objectives: Electrical potentials produced by blinks and eye movements present serious problems for electroencephalographic (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) data interpretation and analysis, particularly for analysis of data from some clinical populations. Often, all epochs contaminated by large eye artifacts are rejected as unusable, though this may prove unacceptable when blinks and eye movements occur frequently. Methods: Frontal channels are often used as reference signals to regress out eye artifacts, but inevitably portions of relevant EEG signals also appearing in EOG channels are thereby eliminated or mixed into other scalp channels. A generally applicable adaptive method for removing artifacts from EEG records based on blind source separation by independent component analysis (ICA) (Neural Computation 7 (1995) 1129; Neural Computation 10(8) (1998) 2103; Neural Computation 11(2) (1999) 606) overcomes these limitations. Results: Results on EEG data collected from 28 normal controls and 22 clinical subjects performing a visual selective attention task show that ICA can be used to effectively detect, separate and remove ocular artifacts from even strongly contaminated EEG recordings. The results compare favorably to those obtained using rejection or regression methods. Conclusions: The ICA method can preserve ERP contributions from all of the recorded trials and all the recorded data channels, even when none of the single trials are artifact-free. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Salk Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Childrens Hosp Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [1RO1-NS34155-01] NR 37 TC 553 Z9 566 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1388-2457 J9 CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI Clin. Neurophysiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1745 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00386-2 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 365KU UT WOS:000089951100005 PM 11018488 ER PT J AU Wallcraft, AJ AF Wallcraft, AJ TI SPMD OpenMP versus MPI for ocean models SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Workshop on OpenMP (EWOMP'99) CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 1999 CL LUND, SWEDEN DE SPMD; co-array Fortran; OpenMP Fortran; MPI; ocean model AB In two ocean models that use domain decomposition for scalability, communication between nodes is for the most part performed by calling an application specific API. This allows different low-level 'message passing' APIs to be added with relatively little effort, The first two supported APIs were MPI and the SHMEM put/get library. OpenMP can be used in Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) mode by spawning N threads in the main program and having each thread act from then on similarly to a process in MPI. The initial port of one ocean model to SPMD OpenMP revealed several incompatibilities between thread-based and process-based SPMD coding styles. Adding support for threaded I/O was particularly painful, requiring modification to hundreds of lines of code. Several relatively minor additions to the OpenMP API were identified that would greatly simplify SMPD programming. Meanwhile, an alternative Fortran compiler-based SPMD API, Go-Array Fortran, became available on the Gray T3E, There is a simple mapping from SHMEM put/get library calls onto co-array assignment statements, so adding Go-Array Fortran support to the ocean models was straightforward, To extend Go-Array Fortran to machines other than the Gray T3E, a subset of the language is automatically translated into SPMD OpenMP via a nawk script. The performance of the 'native' OpenMP and translated Go-Array Fortran versions of the ocean model was virtually identical, so the former has been replaced by the latter (which is much easier to maintain). Copyright (C) 2000 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1002/1096-9128(200010)12:12<1155::AID-CPE532>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 380KU UT WOS:000165701700005 ER PT J AU Pao, PS Feng, CR Gill, SJ AF Pao, PS Feng, CR Gill, SJ TI Corrosion fatigue crack initiation in aluminum alloys 7075 and 7050 SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE Al 7050; Al 7075; aluminum; constituent particles; corrosion; fatigue crack initiation; pitting ID PITTING CORROSION; 2024-T3; GROWTH; DISSOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES; PHASE AB Mechanisms of corrosion fatigue crack initiation by pitting in high-strength, 7000-series aluminum alloys were studied. The alloys used were At 7075-T7351 (UNS A97075) and At 7050-T7451 (UNS A7050). Corrosion pits were formed in a 0.6-M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution by the electrochemical reaction between the constituent particles and the surrounding matrix, Depending on whether these particles were cathodic (C-type) or anodic (A-type) relative to the alloy matrix, pits formed as a consequence of matrix or particle dissolution. In the At 7075 alloy, C-type and A-type particles were present. In the At 7050 alloy, only C-type particles were present. The C-type particles were identified, using transmission electron microscopic techniques, as Al23CuFe4 in the At 7075 alloy and Al7Cu2Fe in the At 7050 alloy. Because these particles tend to cluster parallel to the rolling plane in the roiling direction, significant pit growth from pit coalescence was observed following prolonged exposure to an aerated 0.6 M NaCl solution. The effect of preexisting corrosion pits on fatigue crack initiation was investigated in an ambient air environment (20degreesC and 42% relative humidity) using blunt-notch fracture mechanics specimens oriented in the short-transverse direction to obtain cracks in the same orientation as those that grow from rivet holes. Results to date indicate that the presence of corrosion pits can significantly shorten the fatigue crack initiation life and decrease the threshold (DeltaK/rootrho)(th) of the alloy by as much as 50%. Post initiation analyses further confirmed that, when corrosion pits were present, fatigue cracks always initiated from these pits. In the absence of pits, fatigue cracks initiated from large inclusions. Identification of constituent particles, mechanism of pit formation and growth, and analyses of fatigue crack initiation kinetics were discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD OCT PY 2000 VL 56 IS 10 BP 1022 EP 1031 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565DX UT WOS:000176354600009 ER PT J AU Long, JW Swider-Lyons, KE Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Swider-Lyons, KE Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Design of pore and matter architectures in manganese oxide charge-storage materials SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; V2O5; ELECTRODES; AEROGELS AB We describe the preparation of a manganese oxide polymorph in which the solid-pore architecture of the material is controllably varied. All MnO2 gels derived from a KMnO4-based sol-gel synthesis and annealed to 300 degrees C crystallize in the 2 x 2 tunnel structure of cryptomelane (KdeltaMnO2 or alpha-MnO2), but exhibit markedly different final pore structures based on how the pore fluid is removed from the wet gel. The mesoporous structure of the initial gel is maintained by removing pore fluid under conditions where the capillary forces that result from extraction are either low (to form an ambigel) or nonexistent (to form an aerogel). These nanoscale mesoporous materials have higher Li:MnO2 capacities at high cycling rates than can be obtained for bulk cryptomelane. Finite-diffusion processes describe the electrochemical association of Li+ with the networked, nanoscale MnO2 crystallites. Controlling both the pore and solid architecture on the nanoscale offers a strategy for the design of new battery and charge-storage materials. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(00)03-143-6. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 24 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 3 IS 10 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 344BJ UT WOS:000088737500001 ER PT J AU Dong, W Rolison, DR Dunn, B AF Dong, W Rolison, DR Dunn, B TI Electrochemical properties of high surface area vanadium oxide aerogels SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; RUTHENIUM OXIDE; INTERCALATION; ELECTRODES AB This article explores the effects of surface area and pore volume on the electrochemical behavior of high surface area V2O5 gels dried by either supercritical or ambient methods. Traditional composite electrode structures have prevented truly quantitative analysis of surface area effects in nanoscale battery materials, as well as a study of their innate electrochemical behavior. These limitations can be overcome by using the "sticky-carbon" electrode technique, which provides a direct electroanalysis of the active material without the use of a composite electrode structure. The resulting electrochemical measurements show pseudocapacitive behavior (1000-2000 F/g) that has not previously been seen for V2O5 aerogels. The relationship between capacitance and pore accessibility is investigated. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(00)03-144-8. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dong, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 16 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 3 IS 10 BP 457 EP 459 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 344BJ UT WOS:000088737500002 ER PT J AU Fothergill, DM Sims, JR AF Fothergill, DM Sims, JR TI Aerobic performance of Special Operations Forces personnel after a prolonged submarine deployment SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sport, Leisure and Ergonomics CY NOV, 1999 CL BURTON MANOR COLL, WIRRAL, ENGLAND SP Ergon Soc, World Commiss Sport Biomech, Int Soc Advancement Kinanthropometry, British Assoc Sport & Exercise Sci HO BURTON MANOR COLL DE Cooper test; running; deconditioning; heart rate; recovery ID HEART-RATE RECOVERY; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; ENDURANCE AB The US Navy's Sea, Air and Land Special Operations Forces personnel (SEALs) perform a physically demanding job that requires them to maintain fitness levels equivalent to elite athletes. As some missions require SEALs to be deployed aboard submarines for extended periods of time, the prolonged confinement could lead to deconditioning and impaired mission-related performance. The objective of this field study was to quantify changes in aerobic performance of SEAL personnel following a 33-day submarine deployment. Two age-matched groups of SEALs, a non-deployed SEAL team (NDST, n= 9) and a deployed SEAL team (DST, n= 10), performed two 12-min runs for distance (Cooper tests) 5 days apart pre-deployment and one Cooper test post-deployment. Subjects wore a Polar Vantage NV(TM) heart rate (HR) monitor during the tests to record exercise and recovery HR. Variables calculated from the HR profiles included mean exercise heart rate (HRmean), maximum exercise heart rate (HRmax), the initial slope of the HR recovery curve (HRrecslope) and HR recovery time (HRrectime). The second pre-deployment test (which was used in the comparison with the post-deployment test) showed a 2% mean increase in the distance achieved compared with the first (n= 18, p< 0.05) with no difference in HRmean, HRmax, HRrecslope and HRrectime. The test-retest correlation coefficient and 95% limits of agreement for the Cooper tests were 0.79 (p< 0.001) and -68.6+/-267.5 m, respectively. For the NDST there were no changes in any of the HR measures or the distance run between the pre- and post-deployment tests. When individual running performances were expressed as a percentage change in the distance run between the pre- and post-deployment tests, the DST performed significantly worse than the NDST (p< 0.01). The DST showed a 7% mean decrement in the distance run following deployment (p< 0.01). The decrement in performance of the DST was not associated with any changes in HRmean or HRmax; however, there was a 17% decrease in the HRrecslope (p< 0.05) and a 47% increase in HRrectime following the deployment (p< 0.05). In conclusion, prolonged confinement aboard a submarine compromises the aerobic performance of SEAL personnel. The resulting deconditioning could influence mission success. C1 USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Fothergill, DM (reprint author), USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Box 900, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD OCT PY 2000 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1500 DI 10.1080/001401300750003925 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 365LD UT WOS:000089952000005 PM 11083130 ER PT J AU Becker, KJ Gaver, DP Glazebrook, KD Jacobs, PA Lawphongpanich, S AF Becker, KJ Gaver, DP Glazebrook, KD Jacobs, PA Lawphongpanich, S TI Allocation of tasks to specialized processors: A planning approach SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE queuing; job allocation; service system; optimization ID LOAD; SYSTEM AB This paper addresses the problem of scheduling randomly arriving tasks of different types at a diversified service system. Servers at such a system differ in that each may specialize in one task type, but can also perform others perhaps less rapidly and adequately than does a specialist. We consider the issue of how much redirection of tasks from specialists to non-specialists may be desirable in such a system and propose a static model in which tasks are randomly assigned to servers. Two scheduling strategies for individual servers are also considered: one in which each server performs the tasks assigned to him or her in order of their arrival and the second in which each server schedules his or her workload optimally. The problems for finding the best random assignment probabilities are formulated as mathematical programs. Results from a numerical example provide information that is both informative and useful in decision-making. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Compaq Comp Corp, Houston, TX 77070 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Stat, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Lawphongpanich, S (reprint author), Compaq Comp Corp, Houston, TX 77070 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00282-9 PG 9 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 343JM UT WOS:000088699300006 ER PT J AU Angeloni, D Danilkovitch-Miagkova, A Ivanov, SV Breathnach, R Johnson, BE Leonard, EJ Lerman, MI AF Angeloni, D Danilkovitch-Miagkova, A Ivanov, SV Breathnach, R Johnson, BE Leonard, EJ Lerman, MI TI Gene structure of the human receptor tyrosine kinase RON and mutation analysis in lung cancer samples SO GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER LA English DT Article ID MACROPHAGE STIMULATING PROTEIN; MET PROTOONCOGENE; RET PROTOONCOGENE; SHORT ARM; C-KIT; CELL CARCINOMA; FAMILY; CHROMOSOME-3; TUMORS; DOMAIN AB The human RON gene (MSTIR) maps to 3p21.3, a region frequently altered in lung cancer and other malignancies. It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) closely related to MET, whose mutations are associated with neoplasia. We investigated whether RON might be involved in the development or progression of lung cancer. We first determined the exon-intron structure of the gene by direct sequencing of RON cosmid DNA and PCR products containing intronic sequences, and then developed primers suitable for mutation analysis by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method. Twenty coding exons were characterized, ail but the first one small (average size: 170 bp), a feature shared with other RTK genes. We performed SSCP analysis of RON in small and non-small cell lung cancer samples, upon detection of its expression in a sample of lung cancer cell lines. A mutation (T915C: L296P) was found in an adenocarcinoma specimen. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms were also found. The panel of intron-anchored primers developed in this work will be useful for mutation analysis of the RON gene in different types of human tumors. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Immunobiol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Inst Biol, Nantes, France. NCI, USN, Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Angeloni, D (reprint author), NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Immunobiol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Breathnach, Richard/K-7599-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 40 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1045-2257 J9 GENE CHROMOSOME CANC JI Gene Chromosomes Cancer PD OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::AID-GCC1015>3.3.CO;2-E PG 10 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 350UV UT WOS:000089120300008 PM 10959094 ER PT J AU Perkins, H Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Chang, KI Suk, MS AF Perkins, H Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Chang, KI Suk, MS TI Currents in Korea-Tsushima Strait during summer 1999 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL VARIABILITY; WARM CURRENT AB Results are presented from continuous current measurements across Korea-Tsushima Strait between May and October 1999. The data are from eleven bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers that recorded full-depth profiles of currents along two lines, one at each end of the Strait. The two sections show markedly different mean flow regimes. At the southern entrance, the cross-section flow varies smoothly across the channel, showing a broad maximum at mid-channel. The northern section is marked by strong spatial variability but in the mean consists of two streams, one on each side of the strait. Between the two is a regime of highly variable flow with a weak mean, presumably indicating the wake from Tsushima Island. Flow variability in time is described by statistical measures and by representative snapshots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul 425600, South Korea. RP Perkins, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 19 BP 3033 EP 3036 DI 10.1029/2000GL011454 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 361FG UT WOS:000089711900002 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA AF Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA TI Ion sound waves in the topside low latitude ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this letter we report new modeling results that show the generation of ion sound waves in the topside low latitude ionosphele. The waves are excited at sunrise and sunset, they persist similar to I - 3 hrs at altitudes above the O+/H+ transition altitude (similar to 1000 km) with periods on the order of 10's min. The waves are the result of the rapid heating and cooling of the lower ionosphere that occurs at sunrise and sunset. At sunrise, photoelectron heating: produces strong; upward plasma flows along the geomagnetic field. These flows lead to a local compression and heating of the plasma at the apex of the field line which in turn generates ion sound waves. At sunset, the waves are produced by a rapid cooling of the plasma. We suggest that this phenomenon may be observable with the Arecibo radar facility. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leading Edge Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 19 BP 3181 EP 3184 DI 10.1029/2000GL003808 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 361FG UT WOS:000089711900039 ER PT J AU Person, J Brann, O Moon, S Pockros, PJ Pianko, S McHutchison, JG AF Person, J Brann, O Moon, S Pockros, PJ Pianko, S McHutchison, JG TI How often are referred chronic hepatitis C patients candidates for antiviral therapy? SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Clin & Res Fdn, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Sharp Rees Steely Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Scripps Clin, La Jolla, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 488 BP 283A EP 283A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622400482 ER PT J AU Trump, CL Allan, N Marmorino, GO AF Trump, CL Allan, N Marmorino, GO TI Side-looking ADCP and Doppler radar measurements across a coastal front SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE DE acoustic Doppler current profiler; ADCP; Doppler radar; ocean front; radar remote sensing; surface current convergence; surface currents; wave-current interaction ID PLUME AB Measurements are reported from two side-looking Doppler systems, which were used to study the discharge front located off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. One system was a commercial 300-kHz narrow-band acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), which was mounted at a depth of 0.6 m on the port side of a research ship. The other was a prototype X-band, vertically polarized, Doppler radar mounted at a height of about 4 m on the stal board side. Both velocity and backscatter intensity were measured along two beams to ranges of 120 m (ADCP) and 200 m (radar), so that by sailing alternately on each side of the front it was possible to make nearly simultaneous across-front measurements with both systems. Despite the differences in acoustic and radar scattering mechanisms, a combined backscatter intensity surface map could be made showing a continuous frontal signature about 10-m wide and 20 dB above background levels. Each system was also able to measure the same large-scale velocity change across the front, which was dominated by the discharging buoyant bay water flowing at about 50 cm/s relative to the ambient continental shelf water. However, within a 60-m wide zone, the radar system measured velocities up to 75 cm/s larger than the ADCP, Such large velocity differences arose from the radar's sensitivity to motions associated with waves reflecting from the region of strongest across-front current convergence. This frontal convergence was resolved only by the ADCP, which showed a horizontal current change of about 25 cm/s over 10 m and appeared to extend over the upper 2 m or so of the water column, These results show that the combined information from the acoustic and radar systems provide a more complete picture of the frontal currents and wave-current interactions than either system could provide alone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trump, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1109/48.895349 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500002 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DM Meadows, LA Vesecky, JF Teague, CC Paduan, JD Hansen, P AF Fernandez, DM Meadows, LA Vesecky, JF Teague, CC Paduan, JD Hansen, P TI Surface current measurements by HF radar in freshwater lakes SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE DE HF radar; lake circulation; limnology; oceanography; surface currents ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR AB HF radar has become an increasingly important tool for mapping surface currents in the coastal ocean. However, the limited range, due to much higher propagation loss and smaller wave heights (relative to the saltwater ocean), has discouraged HF radar use over fresh water. Nevertheless, the potential usefulness of UF radar in measuring circulation patterns in freshwater lakes has stimulated pilot experiments to explore HF radar capabilities over fresh water. The Episodic Events Great Lakes Experiment (EEGLE), which studied the impact of intermittent strong wind events on the resuspension of pollutants from lake-bottom sediments, provided an excellent venue for a pilot experiment. A Multifrequency Coastal HF Radar (MCR) was deployed for 10 days at two sites on the shore of Lake Michigan near St. Joseph, MI. Similarly, a single-frequency CODAR SeaSonde instrument was deployed on the California shore of Lake Tahoe, These two experiments showed that when sufficiently strong surface winds (greater than or equal to about 7 m/s) exist for an hour or more, a single HF radar can be effective in measuring the radial component of surface currents out to ranges of 10-15 km. We also show the effectiveness of using HF radar in concert with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for measuring a radial component of the current profile to depths as shallow as 50 cm and thus potentially extending the vertical coverage of an ADCP array. C1 Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Fernandez, DM (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 458 EP 471 DI 10.1109/48.895353 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500006 ER PT J AU Laws, KE Fernandez, DM Paduan, JD AF Laws, KE Fernandez, DM Paduan, JD TI Simulation-based evaluations of HF radar ocean current algorithms SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement CY MAR 11-13, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE DE current measurement; HF radar; ocean current; radio oceanography; simulation; Stokes drift ID SURFACE AB A computer simulation is used to analyze errors in high-frequency (HF) radar ocean surface current measurements, Two pointing algorithms used for current extraction, a direction finding approach using Multiple Signal Characterization (MUSIC) developed by Schmidt [1], and conventional beam forming, are compared in terms of the effect of variations in sea state parameters on current measurement error. The radar system parameters used in the simulation were taken from the University of Michigan's multi-frequency coastal radar (MCR). which operates on four frequencies from 4.8 to 21.8 MHz and employs an eight-clement linear phased array for its receive antenna. Results show MUSIC direction finding to be applicable to phased array systems and to have a better sensitivity to sharp current features, but larger random error than traditional beam forming methods, Also, for cases where beam forming errors are dominated by beam width or low signal to noise ratio, results show MUSIC to be a viable alternative to beam forming. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. Calif State Unv, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Laws, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1109/48.895355 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500008 ER PT J AU Badiey, M Mu, Y Simmen, JA Forsythe, SE AF Badiey, M Mu, Y Simmen, JA Forsythe, SE TI Signal variability in shallow-water sound channels SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustical oceanography; acoustics; acoustic signal variability; broad-band; coherence; high frequency; scattering; shallow-water acoustics ID SEA-SURFACE AB Coherence of broad-band acoustic waves for mid-to-high frequencies (0.6-18 kHz) is obtained for a very shallow-water (15-m-deep) waveguide over a wide band of environmental conditions and for a source-receiver range of 387 m, Temporal behavior is sampled at two different rates: one that resolves at fractions of a second over intermittent periods of 40 a and another that resolves at 10 min over periods of several days, Spatial behavior is sampled in the vertical by hydrophones with spacings of the order of meters. The effect of environmental variability on coherence, in particular, soundspeed fluctuations in the ester column and wind-induced modulations of the air-sea interface, is noted as a function of acoustic frequency and ray path. Analysis of the acoustic fluctuations over short time scales more accurately resolves the temporal decorrelation of the received signal due to sea surface waves. The vertical sampling of the received signal permits an analysis of arrival-angle fluctuations. The dependence of coherence on the number of surface bounces is studied by comparing arrivals that have zero, one, two, and three surface bounces. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Ocean Acoust Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Off Naval Res, Ocean Acoust Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Badiey, M (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Ocean Acoust Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 492 EP 500 DI 10.1109/48.895356 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500009 ER EF