FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Boos, JB Bennett, BR Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Park, D Yang, MJ Hobart, KD Bracker, AS Justh, E Mittereder, J Chang, W Turner, NH Bass, R AF Boos, JB Bennett, BR Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Park, D Yang, MJ Hobart, KD Bracker, AS Justh, E Mittereder, J Chang, W Turner, NH Bass, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Recent advances in AlSb/InAs HEMTs for high-speed electronics SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7432-0 PY 2001 BP 554 EP 554 DI 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984577 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU17Z UT WOS:000175261300148 ER PT B AU Tulchinsky, DA Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI All optical wideband microwave noise filter SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP 01) CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEE, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, OptIC, Raytheon Co, TRW, USAF,Off Sci Res, USAF, Res Lab, VSK Photon ID INTENSITY-NOISE; RECEIVER; LASER AB A novel configuration of fiber-optic link is demonstrated which forms a passive microwave noise reduction filter. This circuit is designed to suppress unwanted RF amplitude noise arising from either the transmission laser due to relative intensity noise (RIN), or from an optical amplifier in the form of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The optics can be configured to select the center RF frequency of the noise filter as well as the depth and bandwidth for filtering. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7003-1 PY 2001 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU05P UT WOS:000174875700058 ER PT B AU Tope, MA McEachen, JC AF Tope, MA McEachen, JC GP IEEE IEEE TI Unconditionally secure communications over fading channels SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB In this paper, we propose a novel method for two communicates to exchange a secret over a public wireless fading channel. Unlike conventional computationally secure public key methods, this technique is information theoretic and unconditionally secure provided that a component of the reciprocal channel fading over time between the two communicates is statistically independent with the channel fading from either communicate to the eavesdropper. This technique may be particularly well suited to secure tactical mobile communications. A simple protocol suitable for a lognormal shadowed fading channel is described and its key exchange rate is derived. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tope, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437,Code EC-MJ, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600011 ER PT B AU Rohwer, K Krout, T AF Rohwer, K Krout, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Multiple levels of security in support of highly mobile tactical Internets - ELB ACTD SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB Tactical Internets (TI) present security challenges both consistent with and simultaneously unique to terrestrial based networks. Few large-scale TI demonstrations have occurred where security was a primary concern, and fewer yet have achieved Classified Type 1 and Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU) enclave connectiviiy to significant numbers of highly mobile Marine Corp squads, Army units, and ships at sea simultaneously. The Extending the Littoral Battlespace (ELB) Advanced Concept Technology Development (ACTD) demonstrated such a TI in 2001. ELB's overarehing direction was to provide robust, reliable, and secure wireless, highly mobile TI. The TI focuses on providing a Common Tactical Picture as well as other functions between shipboard Command and Control systems and the ground force end user, comprising Maine Corps and Army units. To meet the security challenges, ELB developed an unique security architecture and concepts to insure both data integrity and security. The security architecture included COTS and DoD type 1 wireless encryption, hardened Windows NT workstations, on-the-fly hard disk encryption, firewalls, and Intrusion Detection Systems. This paper discusses the security concepts employed as a component of the ELB TI demonstration. C1 Off Naval Res, Extending Littoral Battlespace, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Rohwer, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Extending Littoral Battlespace, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600016 ER PT B AU Estes, DRJ Welch, TB Sarkady, AA Whitesel, H AF Estes, DRJ Welch, TB Sarkady, AA Whitesel, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Shipboard radio frequency propagation measurements for wireless networks SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE ID PREDICTION; BUILDINGS; CHANNELS; 900-MHZ AB This paper discusses several in-hull RF propagation studies on board one decommissioned and several active Naval ships in the 0.8 - 2.5 GHz range. During these tests, it was repeatedly demonstrated that radio signals will propagate from one compartment to another even when the watertight doors (hatches) are shut and sealed. In fact, signals have been received across several bulkheads. Results indicate approximately 20 dB of attenuation is associated with transmission through a bulkhead/watertight door. It has also been found that the wireless channel aboard Naval vessels does not show good correspondence with a Ricean channel. Finite element modeling of a shipboard compartment has been performed and supports the hypothesis that rubber door gaskets and other non-conductive structures may be the source of bulkhead penetration/leakage. For comparison, ultra-wideband channel measurements within the hull of a ship have also been taken. These measurements will be used to characterize the propagation within a single compartment as well as through a sealed bulkhead/watertight door. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Estes, DRJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600046 ER PT B AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE TI The impact of directional antennas on energy-aware, session-based multicasting in ad hoc wireless networks SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB In our earlier studies we developed several algorithms for broadcast and multicast tree construction for session traffic in all-wireless networks. The Broadcast Incremental Power (BIP) and Multicast Incremental Power (MIP) algorithms are "node-based" schemes that exploit the "wireless multicast advantage" provided by, the use of omnidirectional antennas. In this paper, we study broadcasting and multicasting when directional antennas are used. Alternative approaches to implementing algorithms based on BIP and MIP are presented, and their energy efficiency, is evaluated. It is shown that considerable savings in energy, can be achieved by, using directional antennas, especially, by, using the Directional-BIP (D-BIP) and Directional MIP (D-MIP) schemes, which exploit directional antenna properties throughout the tree construction process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 947 EP 951 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600172 ER PT B AU Lebaric, JE Adler, RW Limbert, ME AF Lebaric, JE Adler, RW Limbert, ME GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultra-wideband, zero visual signature RF Vest antenna for man-portable radios SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB This paper presents the recent research of the COMbat Wear INtegration (COMWIN) RF Vest antenna presented at MILCOM2000. This version of the ultra-wideband VHF/UHF (30 MHz to 500 MHz) vest antenna, designated as MK-III, is integrated into the existing dismounted Marine/Soldier Kevlar flak vest and has no visual signature. This antenna is one of the three COMWIN antennas developed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) for the Joint Tactical Radio System applications. The improved RF Vest (MK-III) was designed using Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. This design accounts for the operator wearing the flak jacket, the MOLLE pack system, and the radio (radio dimensions based on SINCGARS man-portable radio). Several prototypes have been built at NPS and exhibit encouraging agreement with computer simulations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lebaric, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 1291 EP 1294 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600239 ER PT B AU Mouring, S Barton, O Simmons, DK AF Mouring, S Barton, O Simmons, DK BE Nagataki, S AlManaseer, A Sakata, K TI Investigation into the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams externally retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites SO 2001 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING MATERIALS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Engineering Materials CY AUG 16-19, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Japan Soc Civil Engineers DE civil infrastructure; repair; advanced composite materials; retrofit; CFRP AB This study investigates the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams externally retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. More specifically, the effects on strength and ductility are of major importance. Eight rectangular beams with varying internal steel reinforcement were retrofitted by externally bonding CFRP laminates onto the tension faces and tested under four-point bending. Each beam was instrumented to monitor deflection, curvature, and strain over the entire loading spectrum, and to determine its structural response. A modified energy-based model is used to predict ductility. Results from this research indicate a decrease in ductility, an increase in strength, and validate the modified analytical model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SOCIETY CIVIL ENGINEERING PI MONTREAL PA 2155 GUY, SUITE 840, MONTREAL, PQ H3H 2R9, CANADA BN 1-894662-00-8 PY 2001 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BX35R UT WOS:000185048400039 ER PT S AU Jessen, TL AF Jessen, TL BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Optimized performance in unidirectional CFCMCs: Evolution from experimental observations to desk-top design SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: A SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MATRIX COMPOSITES AB This paper provides an overview of a multi-year effort at NRL to understand and exploit structure/property observations in unidirectional continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites (CFCMCs). The observations, processes, and results described here are generic in nature and applicable to any brittle matrix reinforced with weakly bonded, continuous fibers. Enhanced CFCMC mechanical performance can be achieved by a mesostructure design methodology that considers the anticipated loading conditions. Load-specific composites have been modeled and fabricated which exhibit superior mechanical behavior when compared to conventionally processed CFCMCs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jessen, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 491 EP 501 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85N UT WOS:000183407900057 ER PT S AU Bender, BA Rayne, RJ Jessen, TL AF Bender, BA Rayne, RJ Jessen, TL BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Laminated object manufacturing of functional ceramics SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) of a novel telescoping ceramic actuator was done via laminated object manufacturing (LOM). Characterization of the actuator after electrical testing revealed the presence of internal debonds and cracks. Research was done on the lamination process and feedstock in order to discern the reasons for the observed cracking and debonding. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bender, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400016 ER PT S AU Jessen, TL Simmonds, KE Schechter, RS Mignogna, RB AF Jessen, TL Simmonds, KE Schechter, RS Mignogna, RB BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Observations/simulation of near-field pressures for a 1-3 piezocomposite transducer SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID COMPOSITES C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jessen, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 485 EP 495 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400057 ER PT S AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Failure analysis of prototype cymbal panels under high drive conditions SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SOUND PROJECTOR; TRANSDUCER AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a low frequency, low volume occupation underwater acoustic projector based on cymbal-type flextensional technology. The original projector design prematurely failed when subjected to high drive conditions. The primary causes of failure were mechanical breakdown in bond joints as well as electrical arcing between the cymbal caps and the cover plates. Cymbals that have threaded studs welded onto their caps are used to improve the projector design. These modified cymbals allow the cover plates to be mechanically fastened to the cymbals, thus eliminating weak cymbal-to-cover plate epoxy bonds. In addition, eliminating the conductive electrode on the underside of the cover plates reduces internal electrical arcing. These improvements in design allow the new NRL cymbal-based projectors to be driven at levels requisite for the intended applications with no degradation in performance. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 531 EP 542 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400061 ER PT S AU Benjamin, KC AF Benjamin, KC BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Endurance experiments using pulsed high power drive signals on thick (25.4 mm) injection molded 1-3 piezoelectric composite in single and multi-layered transducer configurations SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The reliability of thick 1-3 piezoelectric composite substrates under high drive conditions was experimentally investigated. Three prototype transducer aperture dimensions commensurate with typical tonpilz designs were studied. However, unlike a typical tonpilz configuration, all three designs were backed with an absorptive material, and relied on bond joint integrity rather than a tie rod. Low level measurements taken on the multi-layered designs indicate these simple designs afford a large operational bandwidth. In one set of measurements the various transducer elements were driven using a 20 kW power amplifier (3000Vrms at 1.5% duty cycle) with peak transducer input powers ranging from 4.0 to 7.4 kW. Another set of endurance measurements investigated higher duty cycles (up to 10%) at a lower drive level (1000Vrms). The results suggest that the use of Navy type IV (PZT-5H) piezoceramic in a thick (25 mm) 1-3 piezoelectric composite is suitable for low to moderate duty cycle, pulsed, high drive transmit signals. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Benjamin, KC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 555 EP 566 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400063 ER PT S AU Howarth, TR AF Howarth, TR BE Singh, M Jessen, T TI Investigations of 1-3 piezocomposite drive limits SO 25TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures CY JAN 21-27, 2001 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A study of the electrical drive limits of 1-3 piezocomposites was conducted for conditions of low and high duty cycle conditions. Piezocomposites with both PZT-4 (Navy Type I) and PZT-5H (Navy Type VI) were investigated where each of the transducers was fitted with thermocouples to monitor temperature effects within the transducer sample. Transducer efficiency and output levels were measured over the frequency range of 25 Hz to 500 kHz where the transducer thickness resonance mode was at 240 kHz. This paper presents an early investigation of driving 1-3 piezocomposite materials to failure and then studying the failure mechanisms. C1 USN, Unidersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Howarth, TR (reprint author), USN, Unidersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 567 EP 578 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85P UT WOS:000183408400064 ER PT B AU Maraviglia, C Price, J Taczak, T AF Maraviglia, C Price, J Taczak, T BE Cohen, CJ TI An ATR system using an integer based correlation algorithm in a time varying environment SO 30TH APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS: ANALYSIS AND UNDERSTANDING OF TIME VARYING IMAGERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR 2001) CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB In an electro-optical or infrared tracking system, a correlation algorithm offers a robust tracking technique in a time varying scenario. Described in this paper is an Automatic Target Recognition algorithm that employs an operator in the loop as an embedded tracking system. The system described will combine morphological algorithms with an efficient integer based correlation track algorithm. This algorithm will be explored in a time varying search and track scenario using morphological matched filtering to automatically detect and select objects with a handover to a correlation tracker. Development of this algorithm using real and synthetic imagery will be reviewed as well as some preliminary results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Tech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maraviglia, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Tech Branch, Code 5752, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1245-3 PY 2001 BP 46 EP 50 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT89D UT WOS:000174364500008 ER PT B AU Willey, J Szu, H Zaghloul, M AF Willey, J Szu, H Zaghloul, M BE Zhang, L Gu, F TI Convex hull metrics and neural network classifiers, part 1 SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2001) CY NOV 14-18, 2001 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Asia-Pacific Neural Network Assembly, China Neural Network Council, Fundan Univ, Shanghai Assoc Sci & Technol, IEEE Beijing Sect, IEEE NN Council INNS, Fudan Univ, Ctr Brain Sci Res, Shanghai Soc Biophys AB This paper explores error estimation in feed-forward neural network classifiers from a geometrical perspective. Metrics, expressed as functions of the convex hull, are introduced and developed to capture the geometrical constraints across the single neuron classifier. An upper error bound is found as a function of convex hull jointedness and the underlying conditional probability distributions. A lower bound of the upper error bound is shown to be only a function of n, the number of samples used to form the convex hull. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willey, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5344, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUDAN UNIV PRESS PI SHANGHAI PA 579 GUOQUAN RD, SHANGHAI 200433, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-309-03012-5 PY 2001 BP 1105 EP 1108 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BU46F UT WOS:000176058200193 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C AF Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C TI 2-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)tyrosyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-car boxylic acid nitromethane solvate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID OPIOID-PEPTIDES AB The title compound, C24H28N2O6.0.825CH(3)NO(2), is a member of the TIPP (i.e. Try-Tic-Phe-Phe) family of opioid ligands. The asymmetric unit contains one peptide molecule and one nitromethane molecule. Unlike other members of this family, this dipeptide has an extended conformation [i.e. phi (1) = -103.6 (6)degrees, omega (1) = 168.1 (4)degrees, 1 = 152.4 (5)degrees]. This conformation was further examined with the program CHEM3D. No significant energy difference was found between the energy-minimized conformation and a more tightly folded model conformation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 BP O87 EP O90 DI 10.1107/S1600536800020109 PN 1 PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478BF UT WOS:000171322500066 ER PT J AU Crabbe, FL AF Crabbe, FL TI Unifying artificial intelligence robotics: An undergraduate textbook SO ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Comp Sci Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crabbe, FL (reprint author), USN Acad, Comp Sci Dept, 272C Holloway Rd Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1059-7123 J9 ADAPT BEHAV JI Adapt. Behav. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Psychology, Experimental; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 576QT UT WOS:000177017000004 ER PT S AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Ting, A Zigler, A Antonsen, TM AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Ting, A Zigler, A Antonsen, TM BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI GeV energy gain in a channel guided laser wakefield accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID AMPLITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; PLASMA CHANNELS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NONLINEAR OPTICS; TENUOUS PLASMAS; GROUP-VELOCITY; PULSES; PROPAGATION; ELECTRONS AB 3-D envelope equation for a laser pulse in a tapered plasma channel is derived, which includes wakefields, relativistic and non-paraxial effects such as finite pulse length and group velocity dispersion. It is shown that electron energies of similar to GeV in a channel-guided LWFA can be achieved by using short pulses where the forward Raman and modulation nonlinearities tend to cancel. Further energy gain can he achieved by tapering the plasma density to reduce electron dephasing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 242 EP 248 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300028 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Fliflet, AW AF Gold, SH Fliflet, AW BE Colestock, PL Kelley, S TI CARM-klystron amplifier for accelerator applications SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 10-16, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, High Energy Phys Div ID WAVE-GUIDE; CYCLOTRON; EFFICIENCY; MODES AB We consider the possibility of a cyclotron-autoresonance-maser (CARM) klystron configuration for accelerator applications is an alternative to the gyroklystron amplifier. The potential advantages, compared to gyroklystrons, include: 1) comparable efficiencies at lower values of the electron beam pitch ratio a, which should improve the beam quality and make the device substantially more stable against the excitation of parasitic mode, 2) operation far from cutoff, which should reduce the fields at cavity walls, allowing higher power operation, and 3) operation at lower magnetic fields for the same cyclotron harmonic number. However, there are two significant issues associated with the design of efficient, high-power CARMs. First, because of the higher value of Iz, compared to gyroklystrons, CARMs are substantially more sensitive to parallel velocity spread (pitch-angle spread). Second, conventional cavities support a variety of near-cutoff modes, which can compete with the CARM interaction. Therefore, one must consider either Bragg resonators or quasioptical cavity configurations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0005-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 569 BP 695 EP 701 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT18Q UT WOS:000172223300069 ER PT J AU Mouring, SE Barton, O Simmons, DK AF Mouring, SE Barton, O Simmons, DK TI Reinforced concrete beams externally retrofitted with advanced composites SO ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th United State/Japan Conference on Composite Materials CY JUL 03-04, 2000 CL MISHIMA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Composite Mat, Amer Soc Composite DE reinforced concrete beams; retrofit; civil infrastructure; repair; CFRP; advanced composite materials AB This study investigates the effect of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates on the ductility of reinforced concrete beams used in the repair of damaged bridge structures. Reinforced concrete structures deteriorate over time due to environmental aging, fatigue, excessive loading, chemical attack, and other factors. Strengthening and rehabilitating these concrete structures by externally bonding carbon laminates is one of many economical engineering solutions. Eight rectangular beams with varying internal steel reinforcement were retrofitted with CFRP strips on the tension faces and tested under four-point bending. The beams were instrumented to monitor strains, deflection, and curvature over the entire spectrum of loading, and determine the structural response of the beams. An existing analytical model using the discrete yield and ultimate values of the load-deflection and moment-curvature curves was modified to an energy-based model, and used to predict the ductility of the beams. Numerical results indicated an increase in strength, a decrease in ductility, and validated the analytical model. Ultimately, this study will aid in the development of design guidelines governing the use of CFRP. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, 590 Holloway Rd,Stop 11D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-3046 J9 ADV COMPOS MATER JI Adv. Compos. Mater. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1163/156855101753396618 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 522AL UT WOS:000173873500006 ER PT J AU Yun, XP Bachmann, ER Arslan, S Akyol, K McGhee, RB AF Yun, XP Bachmann, ER Arslan, S Akyol, K McGhee, RB TI An inertial navigation system for small autonomous underwater vehicles SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Inertial navigation system; GPS; autonomous navigation system; navigation; Kalman filter AB A Small AUV Navigation System (SANS) is being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The SANS is an integrated GPS/inertial navigation system composed of low-cost, small-size components. It is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a low-cost inertial measurement unit to navigate between intermittent GPS fixes. This paper reports recent improvements to the SANS hardware, latest testing results and development of an asynchronous Kalman filter for improved position estimation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yun, XP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1864 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP 521 EP 532 DI 10.1163/156855301317033540 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 475PN UT WOS:000171173300003 ER PT S AU Root, B AF Root, B BE Luk, FT TI Auto-calibrating the Wink 2D random array SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XI CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE array; calibration; high-frequency; over-the-horizon radar AB This paper describes an initial attempt to calibrate a large, random, sparse, high-frequency, 2-dimensional array using the transmissions from radio stations. A semi-quantitative discussion is presented of various intuitive ideas for calibration, along with samples of typical results from numerical testing using synthetic and real data. First, a theoretical discussion of the effect of calibration errors is provided, in which a distinction is made between 'mild' and 'severe' calibration errors. Then a variety of techniques are suggested for both cases. For mild calibration errors, in which 'true' peaks are still apparent in the spectrum, a simple approach is presented where the information in the true peaks is used to approximate the field at the array, from which the correct calibration can be deduced. This technique will converge to the correct solution with sufficient independent data sets. For severe calibration errors, in which the spectrum contains only speckle, several techniques are proposed to obtain a crude calibration of the array. One technique fits a plane wave to the uncalibrated receiver voltages. Another technique 'forces' or assumes a plane wave at the array and then deduces the error by comparing different data sets. The third technique uses a Monte Carlo approach to generate the calibration weights, and a discussion of the correct interpretation of the results is provided. If this crude initial calibration can reduce the calibration errors to the mild case, then the calibration can continue in a two-step procedure using the techniques for the mild case. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Root, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4188-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4474 BP 201 EP 212 AR UNSP 4474-24 DI 10.1117/12.448650 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BU13T UT WOS:000175127100022 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR Searles, SK Jenkins, NW Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Ganem, J AF Bowman, SR Searles, SK Jenkins, NW Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Ganem, J BE Marshall, C TI Diode pumped room temperature mid-infrared erbium laser SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID CHLORIDES AB We report first operation of a 4.6 mum laser for trivalent erbium. Efficient, broadband, room temperature operation was obtained pumping with a 0.80 mum laser diode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-661-3 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2001 VL 50 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT71R UT WOS:000173833500033 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Chen, YC Lu, SH AF Chu, PC Chen, YC Lu, SH TI Evaluation of Haney-type surface thermal boundary conditions using a coupled atmosphere and ocean model SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE air-sea coupled system; ocean surface fluxes; surface thermal boundary condition ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; FLUX; VARIABILITY; HEAT AB A coupled atmosphere-ocean model developed at the Institute for Space Studies at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Russell et at, 1995) was used to verify the validity of Haney-type surface thermal boundary condition, which linearly connects net downward surface heat flux e to air/sea temperature difference DeltaT by a relaxation coefficient K. The model was initiated from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric observations for 1 December 1977, and from the National Ocean Data Center (NODC) global climatological mean December temperature and salinity fields at 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution. The time step is 7.5 minutes. We integrated the model for 450 days and obtained a complete model-generated global data set of daily mean downward net surface flux Q, surface air temperature T,, and sea surface temperature T,. Then, we calculated the cross-correlation coefficients (CCC) between Q and DeltaT. The ensemble mean CCC fields show (a) no correlation between Q and DeltaT in the equatorial regions, and (b) evident correlation (CCC greater than or equal to 0.7) between Q and DeltaT in the middle and high latitudes. Additionally, we did the variance analysis and found that when kappa= 120 W m(-2)K(-1), the two standard deviations, sigma (Q) and sigma (kappa DeltaT), are quite close in the middle and high latitudes. These results agree quite well with a previous research (Chu et al., 1998) on analyzing the NCEP re-analyzed surface data, except that a smaller value of kappa (80 W m(-2)K(-1)) was found in the previous study. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 355 EP 375 DI 10.1007/BF02919315 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 428PF UT WOS:000168469500004 ER PT S AU Munoz-Avila, H Aha, DW Breslow, LA Nau, DS Weber, R AF Munoz-Avila, H Aha, DW Breslow, LA Nau, DS Weber, R BE Blanzieri, E Portinale, L TI Integrating conversational case retrieval with generative planning SO ADVANCES IN CASE-BASED REASONING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning (EWCBR 2000) CY SEP 06-09, 2000 CL TRENT, ITALY DE Conversational case retrieval; planning; integrations AB Some problem-solving tasks are amenable to integrated case retrieval and generative planning techniques. This is certainly true for some decision support tasks, in which a user controls the problem-solving process but cannot provide a complete domain theory. Unfortunately, existing integrations are either non-interactive or require a complete domain theory and/or complete world state to produce acceptable plans, preventing them from being easily used in these situations. We describe a novel integrated algorithm, named SiN, that is interactive and does not require a complete domain theory or complete world state. SiN users leverage a conversational case retriever to focus both partial world state acquisition and plan generation. We highlight the benefits of SiN (e.g., quadratically fewer cases needed) in an experimental study using a new travel planning domain. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Munoz-Avila, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67933-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2001 VL 1898 BP 210 EP 221 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU08R UT WOS:000174951000019 ER PT S AU Weber, R Aha, DW Munoz-Avila, H Breslow, LA AF Weber, R Aha, DW Munoz-Avila, H Breslow, LA BE Blanzieri, E Portinale, L TI Active delivery for lessons learned systems SO ADVANCES IN CASE-BASED REASONING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning (EWCBR 2000) CY SEP 06-09, 2000 CL TRENT, ITALY AB Lessons learned processes, and software systems that support them, have been developed by many organizations (e.g., all USA military branches, NASA, several Department of Energy organizations, the Construction Industry Institute). Their purpose is to promote the dissemination of knowledge gained from the experiences of an organization's employees. Unfortunately, lessons learned systems are usually ineffective because they invariably introduce new processes when, instead, they should be embedded into the processes that they are meant to improve. We developed an embedded case-based approach for lesson dissemination and reuse that brings lessons to the attention of users rather than requiring them to fetch lessons from a standalone software tool. We demonstrate this active lessons delivery architecture in the context of HICAP, a decision support tool for plan authoring. We also show the potential of active lessons delivery to increase plan quality for a new travel domain. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67933-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2001 VL 1898 BP 322 EP 334 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU08R UT WOS:000174951000028 ER PT S AU Osborne, MC Antenucci, A Moran, AL Lauten, FS AF Osborne, MC Antenucci, A Moran, AL Lauten, FS BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI Formation of C/SiC composites from a commercially available pre-ceramic polymer SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MATRIX COMPOSITES AB The physical and mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC's) are greatly affected by different fabrication techniques. Density, interphase strength, matrix cracking stress and ultimate strength can be tailored to fit the application by varying the composite's fiber lay-up and the conditions under which the pre-form is filled, Two common ways of producing SiC as the matrix in a CMC: are 1) by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and 2) by polymer pre-cursor pyrolization. With the interface controlling the failure mode of the CMC, the matrix uniformity and consistency controls the repeatability (statistical distribution) of these failure modes. This study examined the physical property changes of a C/SiC CMC formed by the polymer conversion method. Converted Ceraset (TM) CMC's with graphite fibers were produced for this study at the USNA. Homogeneity and porosity distribution were examined via optical microscopy. Density measurements were made via immersion in ethyl alcohol. A TGA was used to measure mass loss during heat-up. Results indicate that Ceraset loses 25% of its mass on heating to 2000 degreesF under a N-2 and CH4 atmosphere. The distribution of densities in the composite plate varied +/- 10% around the mean density of 1.68 g/cc. The majority of the porosity was open which allows continuing impregnation of the polymer into the composite. Therefore, dense, uniformly porous, composite plates were produced which should have repeatable failure characteristics. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100005 ER PT S AU Jessen, TL Greenhut, VA Lehman, RL AF Jessen, TL Greenhut, VA Lehman, RL BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP Ustundag, E TI Providing adequate statistical information for analyses of the mechanical property data of ceramic materials SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Matrix Composites Symposium held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Accurate assessment of the mechanical behavior of ceramics is essential to increased application because of their brittle nature. This paper examines the reporting thoroughness and statistical precision (correctness) of mechanical property data published in the Journal of The American Ceramic Society (JACerS) during 1998. Of the 486 JACerS papers approximately 10% contained a significant mechanical property component. More than half of these papers lacked basic information such as number of test replicates or a measure of statistical scatter. The omission of this key information prevents independent analyses of data and negates a critical 'marketing opportunity' to any potential user. Examples of inappropriate, inaccurate or understated conclusions are discussed through the use of simple statistical parameters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jessen, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-123-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2001 VL 124 BP 363 EP 374 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS75A UT WOS:000171046100031 ER PT S AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF BE Zelkowitz, MV TI Maintenance process and product evaluation using reliability, risk, and test metrics SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS, VOL 54: TRENDS IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING SE Advances in Computers LA English DT Article ID SOFTWARE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Comp & Informat Sci & Operat Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Comp & Informat Sci & Operat Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nschneid@nps.navy.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2458 BN 0-12-012154-9 J9 ADV COMPUT JI Adv. Comput. PY 2001 VL 54 BP 153 EP 181 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BS72R UT WOS:000170994900004 ER PT S AU Ligler, FS Golden, JP Rowe-Taitt, CA Dodson, JP AF Ligler, FS Golden, JP Rowe-Taitt, CA Dodson, JP BE Lakowicz, JR Thompson, RB TI Array biosensor for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, ISS Inc, Spectra Phys DE array biosensor; antibody array; CCD; multianalyte; immunosensor; planar waveguide; fluorescence ID IMMUNOSENSOR AB The array biosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples for multiple analytes. A patterned array of capture antibodies is immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide and a sandwich immunoassay conducted using a cocktail of fluorescent tracer antibodies. Upon excitation of the fluorescent label using a 635 nm diode laser, a CCD camera detects the pattern of fluorescent antigen:antibody complexes on the sensor surface. Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the identity of the analyte. The assays are fast, sensitive, and specific. This immunosensor was used to detect physiologically relevant concentrations of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), F1 antigen from Yersinia pestis, and D-dimer, a marker of sepsis and thrombotic disorders, in spiked clinical samples. Analysis of blind samples also demonstrated the capability of the sensor to analyze for bacteria, viruses, and proteins in simultaneous assays. Neither clinical fluids nor environmental contaminants create false positives or false negatives. A sensor prototype has been tested which includes a flow cell permanently mounted on the waveguide and a novel fluidics component milled in a plastic cube (1.5 cubic inches). With the miniaturization of the fluidics and electronics, the biosensor fits inside a 1.5 cubic foot case. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3930-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4252 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.426740 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS45V UT WOS:000169896000004 ER PT J AU McGowan, JC AF McGowan, JC TI Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetization transfer SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 118 SE ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID APPEARING WHITE-MATTER; WATER PROTON RELAXATION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; TRANSFER CONTRAST; CHEMICAL-EXCHANGE; CROSS-RELAXATION; NMR RELAXATION; HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS; SELECTIVE SATURATION; IRRADIATION FIELD C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McGowan, JC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS PY 2001 VL 118 BP 1 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(01)80103-8 PG 83 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BT23R UT WOS:000172379900001 ER PT S AU Nadler, MP AF Nadler, MP BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Thermal degradation analysis of IM7/DMBZ-15 high temperature composite by TGA/FTIR SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE high temperature composites; polyimides; degradation AB IM7/DMBZ-15 high temperature composite has a limited temperature and heating rate range and is subject to "catastrophic" delamination and blistering problems during rapid heating to temperatures near the T-g. This paper will discuss the thermal degradation of IM7/DMBZ-15 graphite composite and DMBZ-15 polyimide resin (T-g = 414degreesC (1,2)) as a function of heating rate (150, 100 and 50degreesC/min) and temperature (375, 400, 425, 450 and 475degreesC), under N-2, using thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier transform infrared (TGA/FTIR) and single pass "Thunderdome" attenuated total reflectance (TD ATR)/FTIR. The initial evolution of large volumes of gas (Mostly CH4, CO, CO2 and H2O with other minor gaseous products) occurs in a fairly narrow temperature (or time) region from just below to slightly above the T-g followed by a second region of degradation products, such as, NH3 and an amide resin fragment starting at 425 - 450degreesC. CH4 and CO show an exponential rise with temperature while CO2 and H2O only show a linear increase. Total gas volume normalized to sample weight (and weight loss) during the initial rapid gas evolution shows an exponential increase with temperature but only a linear rise with heating rate. The rapid evolution of gases (primarily CH4, CO, CO2 and H2O) from the thermal degradation of the composite matrix is shown to be the cause of the "catastrophic" delamination (or blistering). The onset of rapid gas evolution occurs at the high heating rate T-g of the resin (release temperature), which is lower than the "nominal" T-g determined at low heating rate. Data also shows that the graphite fibers contribute little to the large volume of gases evolved during rapid heating to high temperatures of the IM7/DMBZ-15 composite. TD ATR of unheated versus heated composite samples shows loss of -CH3 and shifts in aliphatic and aromatic -CH bands, indicating surface, as well as, internal damage occurs with increasing temperature. This small-scale low cost analysis method should enable prediction of which new composite materials to scale up for high temperature missile applications. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nadler, MP (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 107 EP 119 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200011 ER PT S AU Dominguez, DD Jones, HN Keller, TM AF Dominguez, DD Jones, HN Keller, TM BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Mechanical and thermal properties of graphite fiber-reinforced phthalonitrile composites SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE phthalonitrile resin; high temperature composites; thermo-oxidative properties AB Current research efforts at the Naval Research Laboratory are focused on expansion of the phthalonitrile composite mechanical and thermal property database as well as collaboration with the user community to optimize phthalonitrile composite processing parameters. In this paper, results of short beam shear tests on bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone) (p-BAPS)-cured unidirectional graphite fiber-reinforced phthalonitrile composites are reported for comparison with earlier work on 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (m-APB)-cured composites. The apparent interlaminar shear strength and weight loss measurements are used to assess the thermo-oxidative properties of fully cured composite specimens aged for 100 hours at 500, 550, 600, 650 and 700degreesF. These results are compared with previous shear measurements on slightly undercured composite specimens. In addition, the effect of long-term (up to 1000 hours) oxidative aging on the apparent interlaminar shear strength of BAPS-cured composite specimens is evaluated. Other mechanical property test data reported include tension and flexure. The room temperature studies show that the mechanical and thermal properties of graphite fiber-reinforced phthalonitrile composites are either better than or comparable to those of the state-of-the-art polyimide composites. Results of elevated temperature short beam shear and flexure tests are also reported from room temperature up to 700degreesF. These evaluations explore the elevated temperature behavior of the phthalonitrile resin system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dominguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 663 EP 674 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200059 ER PT S AU Adkins, JD Eaton, TA Perez, AJ AF Adkins, JD Eaton, TA Perez, AJ BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Potential aminoquinone inhibitors of CE and BMI/carbon fiber/aluminum composite galvanic degradation SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE corrosion resistance; cyanate ester; bismaleimides ID QUINONE-AMINE POLYMERS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; CORROSION AB Bismaleimide (BMI) and cyanate ester (CE) resins are susceptible to degradation by hydrolysis. The chemical conditions necessary to effect resin hydrolysis can be generated by galvanic activity induced in resin/carbon fiber/metal composite structures by salt water/air environments. The objective of this study was to identify resin additives that mitigate resin hydrolysis by mediating the production of chemically basic galvanic corrosion byproducts. A number of aminoquinone compounds were both synthesized and procured for testing as potential inhibitors of the galvanic degradation observed in CE and BMI resin/carbon fiber/aluminum composite structures, It was found that compounds that indicated redox activity in non-aqueous cyclic voltammetry testing, and were soluble in the resin matrix, provided levels of resin hydrolysis protection. This was shown in model CE composites with carbon fiber (70% by weight) under accelerated exposure conditions. The use of these inhibitors in certain aircraft composite structures could either alleviate the requirements for extensive structures overdesign or provide additional degradation protection. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Adkins, JD (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 911 EP 923 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200081 ER PT S AU Rivera, RO Mehta, NK AF Rivera, RO Mehta, NK BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy evaluation of primed BMI-graphite/aluminum galvanic system SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE bismaleimides; corrosion resistance; high temperature composites AB Use of bismaleimide (BMI)-graphite composite materials Is on the rise in engineering applications, especially in the design of new state-of-the-art DOD and U.S. Navy aircraft. The primary advantage of BMI-based systems is the increase in service temperature range over conventional epoxies from approximately 300-350 to 400-450degreesF. During manufacture of aircraft components, as well as repairs to items damaged in-service, BMI-graphite and aluminum parts need to be assembled together using either adhesives or fasteners. Under appropriate moisture conditions, a galvanic cell Is established within the BMI-graphite/aluminum assembly that could result in degradation of the BMI resin. Real time recognition of this degradation during Its early stages Is essential in establishing a successful plan to correct the problem. Earlier Navy work performed in 2000 demonstrated that Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Is a viable analytical technique that call he used for detection of BMI degradation at the molecular level prior to any visual evidence of the failing critical component made of the composite material. The work presented here provides EIS results on the performance of several configurations of titanium-bolted, primed BMI-graphite/aluminum assemblies exposed to 3.5% salt water at 180degrees F. Epoxy primer, following military specification MIL-P-23377, was applied to all surfaces Prior to testing. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Rivera, RO (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 924 EP 937 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200082 ER PT S AU Graf, NA Joyce, PJ AF Graf, NA Joyce, PJ BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Evaluation of automated RTM processes and materials for naval aircraft SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE resin transfer molding (RTM); epoxy resin; equipment and machinery AB The Naval Air Systems Command's (NAVAIR) Materials division has teamed with fellow Navy, university, and industry partners to demonstrate the viability of resin transfer molding (RTM) for naval aviation applications. The Polymers and Composites Branch's research involved three major objectives. The first objective was to evaluate the design and performance of the automated RTM equipment designed by Northwestern University (NWU) as part of the Advanced Materials Intelligent Processing Center (AMIPC) program. The second objective of this research was the selection and characterization of materials and processes for RTM of primary structural composites using multi-component resin systems. The third objective was to manufacture aerospace quality composites utilizing the selected resin systems and the NWU equipment to demonstrate feasibility for naval aircraft structural applications. The resin injection equipment was designed with the aim of providing increased control and repeatability of material metering, mixing, and delivery. NAVAIR equipment trials have demonstrated these concepts and identified potential areas for improvement. This equipment was used to fabricate a series of test panels using a commercial two-part epoxy resin to study various process parameters such as injection flow rates and pressures, cure cycle modifications, mold styles, and fiber reinforcements. The automated injection equipment, along with the selected material systems, has demonstrated feasibility for naval aircraft applications by processing flexibility and excellent mechanical performance. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Graf, NA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 1133 EP 1147 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200100 ER PT S AU Boswell, RF Graf, NA Joyce, PJ AF Boswell, RF Graf, NA Joyce, PJ BE Falcone, A Nelson, KM Albers, R Avery, WB TI Thermal characterization and process modification of an RTM epoxy resin SO ADVANCING AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn, Seattle Chapter DE thermal analysis; resin transfer molding (RTM); modeling AB The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Materials Division, has teamed with Navy and industry partners to demonstrate to a high level of confidence the viability of an automated resin transfer molding (RTM) process using automation together with a novel supervisory control and data acquisition system. One objective of the program for NAVAIR was to evaluate novel resin systems for use in RTM processes. This focus of this paper is the thermal characterization of the selected SI-ZG-5A epoxy resin, formulated by A.T.A.R.D. Laboratories. This analysis consists of a comprehensive program of resin characterization and cure modeling. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC), theology measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the cure kinetics, glass transitions, processing temperature and volatility during cure. The manufacturer's recommended cure cycle was first evaluated to establish a baseline glass transition temperature (T-g), enthalpy of cure, and gel point for the SI-ZG-5A epoxy resin system. Once this analysis was complete, variations of the cure cycle were investigated in order to determine if the cure cycle could be modified. Cure kinetics were also determined using dynamic scanning calorimetry and the variable heating rate method. Finally, a study investigating the effect of mix ratio variations was begun, and preliminary results and cure models developed. In conclusion, the SI-ZG-5A resin system has been found to be a robust RTM resin, forgiving of a wide range of process variations. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Boswell, RF (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Polymers & Composites Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-91-3 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 33 BP 1148 EP 1157 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT76Y UT WOS:000173976200101 ER PT J AU Wallace, MR Tasker, SA Shinohara, YT Hill, HE Chapman, GD Miller, LK AF Wallace, MR Tasker, SA Shinohara, YT Hill, HE Chapman, GD Miller, LK TI The changing economics of HIV care SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 12-15, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID SOCIETY USA PANEL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; INFECTION; AIDS AB New advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) monitoring and therapeutics have led to dramatic changes in the course of HIV disease. We evaluated our closed clinic of 425 HIV patients over the period 1995-1998 to determine the cost effectiveness of these changes in care. We found that the costs of antiretroviral therapy tripled over the period of observation, but that these increases were largely offset by major declines in inpatient and home health expenditures. In addition, we found that annual mortality among our HIV patients had declined by 90%. We calculated that the cost per life-year gained is about $17,500, which compares favorably with medical expenditures for renal dialysis or advanced cardiac disease. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, AVA, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Wallace, MR (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, AVA, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JAN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1089/108729101460074 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 399EX UT WOS:000166799600004 PM 11177585 ER PT S AU von Berg, DCL AF von Berg, DCL BE Fishell, WG Andraitis, AA TI Rapid targeting in support of time critical strike SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXV CY JUL 30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE time critical strike; rapid targeting; tactical airborne reconnaissance pod system - completely digital (TARPS-CD); shared reconnaissance pod (SHARP); navy input station (NAVIS); digital precision strike suite (DPSS); direct attack munition affordable seeker (DAMASK) AB The US Navy has developed and demonstrated rapid targeting technologies that, when combined, support a time critical strike capability. The interaction of these existing technologies (i.e. real-time tactical manned reconnaissance, real-time image screening/geo-registration, and image seeking smart munitions) provide an immediate rapid targeting capability and lay the foundation for future manned and fully automated time critical strike systems. This paper describes the existing rapid targeting technologies and the concept of operations for integrating these technologies for time critical strike. It also projects potential time critical strike capabilities that can be achieved and deployed in the near future. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP von Berg, DCL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5636,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4206-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4492 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.451126 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU13K UT WOS:000175125600001 ER PT S AU Kent, DC AF Kent, DC BE Fishell, WG Andraitis, AA TI The SHAred Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) Program SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXV CY JUL 30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE SHARP; reconnaissance; navy; F/A-18; tactical; TARPS; multi-platform; smart pod; precision strike; hyperspectral; shared; pod AB The SHAred Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) Program is a United States Navy tactical reconnaissance program that culminates in the supply of visible and infrared imagery products to the fleet. The intent of the program is to provide the warfighter the most robust tactical reconnaissance capability possible in a timely manner. ne SHARP concept is a multi-function reconnaissance pod, adaptable to several airborne platforms for tactical manned airborne reconnaissance. The genesis platform is the Navy F/A-18. With regard to multi-platform application, a "smart pod" approach has been pursued with most of the required functionality being incorporated into the pod. SHARP will replace the Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance Pod System (TARPS) flying on the Navy F-14. This paper outlines the SHARP Program requirements and acquisition approach, along with the SHARP system capabilities and operation. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kent, DC (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4206-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4492 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.451130 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU13K UT WOS:000175125600005 ER PT S AU Lee, JN Kruer, MR Tourville, R Henry, DJ Wada, GH AF Lee, JN Kruer, MR Tourville, R Henry, DJ Wada, GH BE Fishell, WG Andraitis, AA TI Tactical air reconnaissance pod system-completely digital TARPS-CD and fast tactical imagery SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXV CY JUL 30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE tactical reconnaissance; digital imagery; data linking AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed and tested the Tactical Air Reconnaissance Pod System-Completely Digital (TARPS-CD) System on the F-14 Tomcat aircraft. This system has been used in a risk reduction demonstration program extending from January 1999 to July 2001. The purpose of the program is to verify, validate and demonstrate the concept of realtime tactical reconnaissance using timely, high quality and broad coverage tactical imagery, thus expanding the reconnaissance capability of the U.S. Navy. Additionally, the program was to identify potential technical risks associated with the Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) Program, the Navy's future manned tactical reconnaissance capability. The TARPS-CD flight test program has demonstrated that near real-time, electro-optical, airborne reconnaissance, as planned for SHARP, is valid and feasible. The TARPS-CD system collects high quality imagery at high data rates with the capability of storing, displaying, and/or transmitting imagery in a timely manner, and represents a significant increase in operational capability over existing film type systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4206-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4492 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.451124 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU13K UT WOS:000175125600011 ER PT B AU Van Nevel, AJ AF Van Nevel, AJ BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Image registration: A key element for information processing SO ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information Processing V CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID REPRESENTATION; RECOGNITION AB In this paper we present a brief review and examples of image registration. When one wishes to fuse multiple images from disparate sources, the first step is image registration, finding the appropriate transform which maps pixels in image 1 to the corresponding pixels in image 2. Only after this step one may begin to correctly fuse and process information from both images simultaneously. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4185-6 PY 2001 BP 190 EP 200 AR UNSP 4471-35 DI 10.1117/12.449351 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU13S UT WOS:000175126800021 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Spectral subspace matched filtering SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE matched filter; subspace detection; spectral imaging; likelihood ratio AB The linear matched filter has long served as a workhorse algorithm for illustrating the promise of multispectral target detection. However, an accurate description of a target's distribution usually requires expanding the dimensionality of its intrinsic signature subspace beyond what is appropriate for the matched filter. Structured backgrounds also deviate from the matched filter paradigm and are often modeled as clusters. However, spectral clusters usually show evidence of mixing, which corresponds to the presence of different materials within a single pixel. This makes a subspace background model an attractive alternative to clustering. In this paper we present a new method for generating detection algorithms based on joint target/background subspace modeling. We use it first to derive an existing class of GLR detectors, in the process illustrating the nature of the real problems that these solve. Then natural symmetries expected to be characteristic of otherwise unknown target and background distributions are used to generate new algorithms. Currently employed detectors are also interpreted using the new approach, resulting in recommendations for improvements to them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.436996 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200001 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Palmadesso, P Bowles, J AF Gillis, D Palmadesso, P Bowles, J BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI An automatic target recognition system for hyperspectral imagery using ORASIS SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral analysis; ATR; ORASIS AB We present an automatic target recognition system (ATR) for hyperspectral imagery. The system has been designed to use the output from ORASIS (the Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System), a hyperspectral analysis package designed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The ATR system is capable of performing both target recognition (including subpixel identification) and anomaly detection, in near real-time and with no a priori scene knowledge. In this paper we discuss the algorithms we use in the ATR and include experimental results using the HYDICE Forest Radiance data set. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dgillis@rsd.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.437017 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200003 ER PT S AU Mayer, R Priest, R AF Mayer, R Priest, R BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Quantitative study of detection performance for LWIR hyperspectral imagers as a function of number of spectral bands SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE algorithms for hyperspectral imagery; remote sensing; genetic algorithm; automatic target detection AB Remote passive sensors can collect data that depict both the spatial distribution of objects in the scene and the spectral distributions for those objects within the scene. Target search techniques, such as matched filter algorithms, use highly resolved wavelength spectra (large number of bands) to help detect fine features in the spectrum in order to discriminate objects from the background. The use of a large number of bands during the target search, however, significantly slows image collection and area coverage rates. This study quantitatively examines how binning or integrating bands can affect target detection. Our study examines the long-wave infrared spectra of man-made targets and natural backgrounds obtained with the SEBASS (8-12 mum) imager as part of the Dark HORSE 2 exercise during the HYDRA data collection in November, 1998. In this collection, at least 30 bands of data were obtained, but they were then binned to as few as 2 bands. This study examines the effect on detection performance of reducing the number of bands, through computation of the signal to clutter ratio (SCR) for a variety of target types. In addition, this study examines how band reduction affects the receiver operator curves (ROC) i.e. the target detection probability versus false alarm rate, for matched filter algorithms using in-scene target signatures and hyperspectral images. Target detection, as measured by SCR, for a variety of target types, improves with increasing number of bands. The enhancement in SCR levels off at approximately 10 bands, with only a small increase in SCR obtained from 10 to 30 bands. Variable number of bands within a bin (for fixed number of bins), generated by a genetic algorithm, increases SCR and enhances ROC curve performance for multi-temporal studies. Thus, optimal selection of bands derived from one mission, may be robust and stable, and provide enhanced target detection for data collected on subsequent days. This investigation is confined to the study of calibrated, LWIR image cubes where clutter, rather than sensor noise, limits target detection. Therefore, many of the conclusions in this study regarding band reduction and band binning may not apply to image cubes containing noisy data, where band reduction and averaging may help substantially reduce the noise. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.437036 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200004 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Scribner, DA Warren, PR Klein, RB Satyshur, MP Kruer, MR AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Scribner, DA Warren, PR Klein, RB Satyshur, MP Kruer, MR BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Analytic registration of spatially and spectrally disparate co-located imaging sensors achieved by matching optical flow. SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A multi-spectral imaging system can be defined as a combination of electro-optic imagers that are mechanically constrained to view the same scene. Subsequent processing of the output imagery invariably requires a spatial registration of one spectral band image to geometrically conform to the imagery from a different sensor. This paper outlines a procedure, to leverage motion estimation of a pair of video sequences to determine a transformation that minimizes the disparity in optical flow between the sequences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.437016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200027 ER PT S AU Hazel, GG AF Hazel, GG BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Object-level processing of spectral imagery for detection of targets and changes using spatial-spectral-temporal techniques. SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VII CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyper-spectral image; multi-spectral image; automatic target detection; object level change detection; competitive region growth; machine vision AB Automatic detection of ground targets and their movements is an important problem in military remote sensing. Much recent attention has been afforded the exploitation of spectral imagery for this application. However, current spectral detection algorithms yield inadequate performance in many demanding scenarios. The present work explores several techniques founded on the notion of object-level image processing. In object-level processing we seek to progress from a pixel-level image description to a description at the spatial scale of natural objects. The concept of a natural object is inspired by the human visual system. An important advancement of a recently reported spectra object extraction method is presented. This technique, Knowledge Based Object Reassembly, extracts objects based on the spectral similarity of their pixels and then merges spatially adjacent objects according to a maximum classification confidence criterion. The improvement in object extraction allows the accurate characterization of natural objects by a spatial-spectral feature set. This feature set then forms the basis of detection, classification and change detection algorithms. The performance of the technique is assessed and its impact on spectral object level change detection and spatial-spectral object-level target discrimination and classification is measured. Both multi-spectral and hyper-spectral imagery over several spectral regions is analyzed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazel, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Code 5621,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4076-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4381 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1117/12.437028 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BT24W UT WOS:000172421200038 ER PT B AU Pao, PS Gill, SJ Feng, CR Sankaran, KK AF Pao, PS Gill, SJ Feng, CR Sankaran, KK BE Das, SK Kaufman, JG Lienert, TJ TI Effects of weld microstructure on fatigue crack growth in friction stir welded Al 7050 SO ALUMINUM 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TMS 2001 ANNUAL MEETING ALUMINUM AUTOMOTIVE AND JOINING SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Automotive Aluminum 2001/Aluminum Joining Including Friction Stir Welding held at the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-14, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Aluminum Assoc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB The corrosion-fatigue crack propagation characteristics in the weld, heat-affected-zone (HAZ), and base metal of friction stir welded (FSW) Al 7050 were investigated. The weld consists of very fine recrystallized equiaxed grains while the HAZ and base metal are made up of partially recrystallized pancake-shaped grains. Post weld heat treatment, while successful in restoring the strength in the weld by re-precipitating the strengthening phases, has no effect on the strength in the HAZ because the precipitates there have already coarsened significantly. The fatigue crack growth resistance in the weld and HAZ are good as they are either comparable or superior to those in the base metal. At a stress ratio of 0.10 and a cyclic frequency of 5 Hz, fatigue crack growth rates in air in the weld are only slightly higher than those in the base metal. Fatigue crack growth rates in a 3.5% NaCl solution are up to two times higher than those in air at high and intermediate AK. The apparent thresholds in a 3.5% NaCl solution, however, are higher than those obtained in air. Fatigue crack growth rates are significantly lower and fatigue crack growth thresholds are substantially higher in the HAZ than in the weld and base metal in both 3.5% NaCl solution and air. Post fatigue fractographic examinations revealed a variety of fracture modes such as intergranular separation in the weld in a 3.5% NaCl solution and cleavage-like fracture in base metal in air. The observed corrosion-fatigue crack growth kinetics in the weld, HAZ, and base metal are discussed in terms of microstructural variations, environmental interactions, and crack closure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-509-3 PY 2001 BP 265 EP 279 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Transportation Science & Technology SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Transportation GA BT17X UT WOS:000172165700022 ER PT J AU Schuckit, MA Kraft, HS Hurtado, SL Tschinkel, SA Minagawa, R Shaffer, RA AF Schuckit, MA Kraft, HS Hurtado, SL Tschinkel, SA Minagawa, R Shaffer, RA TI A measure of the intensity of response to alcohol in a military population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE LA English DT Article ID RISK; SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; DISORDERS; ABUSE; MEN AB Heavy drinking and associated problems are relatively common in young men, including those in a military setting. This article explores characteristics of alcohol intake and associated difficulties and their relationship to a self-report of the usual intensity of response to alcohol in a sample of U.S. Marines. Two questionnaires related to demography and alcohol use histories, along with a simple, 12-item self-report measure of the usual number of drinks to experience an effect (the Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol, SRE) were administered to 1320 U.S. Marines. The sample had an average age of 22 years, 78% were Caucasian, and 92% were enlisted personnel. The relationships and correlations among drinking characteristics and problems and the usual number of drinks for an effect were determined. These subjects, drank an average of 6 days per month, consuming an average of almost six drinks per drinking day, and reported more than three times per month in which they consumed six or more drinks per occasion. Consistent with studies of other populations, the SRE measures of intensity of response to alcohol showed a positive correlation with both drinking practices and problems, with the latter remaining significant even after controlling for recent drinking practices. The prodigious level of alcohol intake and associated problems, along with the SIZE scores, indicate that the Marine Corps personnel are at especially high risk for alcohol-related life problems. These data also support the potential usefulness of the SIZE both in identifying individuals likely to have more severe alcohol profiles and in educating individuals regarding their levels of risk for alcohol abuse and dependence. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Optimal Readiness Res Program, San Diego, CA USA. Geoctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Schuckit, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [2RO1 AA05526] NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0095-2990 J9 AM J DRUG ALCOHOL AB JI Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 749 EP 757 DI 10.1081/ADA-100107666 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 493RJ UT WOS:000172237000009 PM 11727887 ER PT J AU Thompson, MW AF Thompson, MW TI Surfactant protein B deficiency: Insights into surfactant function through clinical surfactant protein deficiency SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE respiratory distress syndrome; high-frequency ventilation; lung transplantation; transgenic mice ID CONGENITAL ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; MODEL MEMBRANE BILAYERS; MESSENGER-RNA; SP-A; GENE; EXPRESSION; FAILURE; NEWBORN; DISEASE AB Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a disorder of surfactant function with complete or transient absence of SP-B in term neonates. SP-B, 1 of 4 described surfactant-associated proteins, plays a key role in surfactant metabolism, particularly in intracellular packaging of surfactant components, formation of tubular myelin, and the presentation of the surfactant phospholipid monolayer to the air-fluid interface within the alveolus. Neonates with clinical SP-B deficiency best demonstrate the key role of SP-B in surfactant function. "Classic" deficiency results in severe respiratory failure in term infants and death unless lung transplantation is performed. Because the initial description of complete deficiency secondary to a homozygous frameshift mutation in codon 121 of the SP-B cDNA, partial deficiencies with differing genetic backgrounds and less severe clinical courses have been reported. These partial deficiency states may provide a clearer picture of genotype/phenotype relationships in SP-B function and surfactant metabolism. SP-B deficiency or dysfunction may be more common than once thought and may play a significant role in neonatal lung disease. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Thompson, MW (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 321 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1097/00000441-200101000-00005 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390YB UT WOS:000166326400005 PM 11202476 ER PT J AU Meyerson, MD AF Meyerson, MD TI When a sum of functions is increasing SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Meyerson, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 108 IS 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 413CE UT WOS:000167591700022 ER PT S AU Zhang, YX Semtner, AJ AF Zhang, YX Semtner, AJ BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave in a global, high-resolution, coupled ice-ocean model SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID SEA-ICE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) is identified by White and Peterson (1996) as anomalies in sea-level pressure, meridional wind stress (MWS), sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice extent (SIE) propagating eastward over the Southern Ocean. In this study, the ACW is examined using a global coupled ice-ocean model with an average horizontal grid size of 1/4degrees. The model is forced with 1979-93 daily average atmospheric data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re-analysis (ERA). The sea-ice model includes both dynamics and thermodynamics, and the ocean model is a primitive-equation, free-surface, z-coordinate model. Both standing and propagating oscillations are present in ERA surface net heat-flux (NHF) and MWS anomalies. The ocean and ice respond to such atmospheric forcing with similar standing and propagating oscillations. For the propagating mode, SIE, SST and sea-surface salinity anomalies propagate eastward with a period of about 4-5 years and take about 8-9 years to encircle the Antarctic continent. Thus, the simulated ACW is a wavenumber-2 phenomenon which agrees with the ACW identified by White and Peterson (1996). The correctly simulated strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which governs the phase speed of oceanic anomalies, in our high-resolution model is essential for obtaining the observed wavenumber-2 ACW mode in the ocean. The ACW signature is also present in ocean temperature and salinity anomalies down to about 1000 m depth with similar eastward-propagating speed. The anomalies in the interior ocean are more coherent and intense over the Pacific and Atlantic sectors than over the Indian sector. Northward (southward) MWS anomalies, northward (southward) SIE anomalies, cold (warm) SST anomalies and saltier (fresher) than normal salinity anomalies are in phase, while less (more) than normal NHF is 90degrees out of phase with them, indicating the ACW in sea ice and ocean is a response to that in the atmosphere. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhang, YX (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.3189/172756401781818644 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300082 ER PT S AU Maslowski, W Marble, DC Walczowski, W Semtner, AJ AF Maslowski, W Marble, DC Walczowski, W Semtner, AJ BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI On large-scale shifts in the Arctic Ocean and sea-ice conditions during 1979-98 SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; REGIMES; MODEL AB Results from a regional model of the Arctic Ocean and sea ice forced with realistic atmospheric data are analyzed to understand recent climate variability in the region. The primary simulation uses daily-averaged 1979 atmospheric fields repeated for 20 years and then continues with interannual forcing derived from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts for 1979-98. An eastward shift in the ice-ocean circulation, fresh-water distribution and Atlantic Water extent has been determined by comparing conditions between the early 1980s and 1990s. A new trend is modeled in the late 1990s, and has a tendency to return the large-scale sea-ice and upper ocean conditions to their state in the early 1980s. Both the sea-ice and the upper ocean circulation as well as fresh-water export from the Russian shelves and Atlantic Water recirculation within the Eurasian Basin indicate that the Arctic climate is undergoing another shift. This suggests an oscillatory behavior of the Arctic Ocean system. Interannual atmospheric variability appears to be the main and sufficient driver of simulated changes. The ice cover acts as an effective dynamic medium for vorticity transfer from the atmosphere into the ocean. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.3189/172756401781818978 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300083 ER PT S AU Olwell, DH Sorell, AA AF Olwell, DH Sorell, AA GP IEEE TI Warranty calculations for missiles with only current-status data, using Bayesian methods SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainaability Symposium CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP IEEE, SAE, IIE, SLE, EST, Soc Reliability Engineers DE missile life; Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation; warranty data; Weibull models; Bayesian methods AB Recent catastrophic failures of the rocket motor on a U.S. missile caused concern in the U.S. Navy that the missile might not be serviceable past its estimated service life of 20 years. This paper analyzes nearly 2000 firings of the motor under field conditions using classical maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) methods and Bayesian methods. MLE methods indicate that there could be less than a 1% chance that the motor will survive past 20 years of life and are not considered credible. Bayesian methods indicate that there is better than a 99% chance that the motors will survive past 20 years of life. We present reasons for preferring the Bayesian analysis and discuss testing schemes for more precise estimates. We comment on the lack of data to perform degradation analysis as a function of temperature cycling for the motor and make recommendations for future missile system data collection. C1 Reliasoft Prof Serv, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Olwell, DH (reprint author), Reliasoft Prof Serv, 115 S Sherwood Village Dr, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-6615-8 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2001 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2001.902455 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR83F UT WOS:000167729400023 ER PT J AU Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA AF Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA TI The science of training: A decade of progress SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE training design; training evaluation; distance training; team training; transfer of training ID GOAL ORIENTATION; SELF-EFFICACY; LEARNING OUTCOMES; WORK ORGANIZATIONS; SKILL ACQUISITION; FIELD EXPERIMENT; COMPLEX SKILLS; JOB KNOWLEDGE; PERFORMANCE; MOTIVATION AB This chapter reviews the training research literature reported over the past decade. We describe the progress in five areas of research including training theory, training needs analysis, antecedent training conditions, training methods and strategies, and posttraining conditions. Our review suggests that advancements have been made that help us understand better the design and delivery of training in organizations, with respect to theory development as well as the quality and quantity of empirical research. We have new tools for analyzing requisite knowledge and skills, and for evaluating training. We know more about factors that influence training effectiveness and transfer of training. Finally, we challenge researchers to find better ways to translate the results of training research into practice. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Inst Stimulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Salas, E (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 162 TC 403 Z9 435 U1 15 U2 132 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4308 J9 ANNU REV PSYCHOL JI Annu. Rev. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 52 BP 471 EP 499 DI 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.471 PG 29 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 410WB UT WOS:000167463100020 PM 11148314 ER PT J AU Lesmana, M Lebron, CI Taslim, D Tjaniadi, P Subekti, D Wasfy, MO Campbell, JR Oyofo, HA AF Lesmana, M Lebron, CI Taslim, D Tjaniadi, P Subekti, D Wasfy, MO Campbell, JR Oyofo, HA TI In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Jakarta, Indonesia SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; STRAINS AB Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined for 122 Neisseria gonorrheae isolates obtained from 400 sex workers in Jakarta, Indonesia, and susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and spectinomycin were found. All isolates were resistant to tetracycline. A number of the isolates demonstrated decreased susceptibilities to erythromycin (MIC greater than or equal to 1.0 mug/ml), thiamphenicol (MIC greater than or equal to 1.0 mug/ml), kanamycin (MIC greater than or equal to 16.0 mug/ml), penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 2.0 mug/ml), gentamicin (MIC greater than or equal to 16.0 mug/ml), and norfloxacin (MIC = 0.5 mug/ml). These data showed that certain antibiotics previously used in the treatment of gonorrhea are no longer effective. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Municipal Hlth Serv, N Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Oyofo, HA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, Box 3, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.1.359-362.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 384NV UT WOS:000165952500063 PM 11120999 ER PT S AU Mei, T Karunasiri, G AF Mei, T Karunasiri, G BE Lee, TP Wang, Q TI Investigation on two-color detection using asymmetric InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum wells with superlattice barriers SO APOC 2001: ASIA-PACIFIC OPTICAL AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS: OPTOELECTRONICS, MATERIALS, AND DEVICES FOR COMMUNICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications Conference (APOC 2001) CY NOV 12-15, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, China Opt & Optoelectr Manufacturers Assoc, Minist Informat Ind, China Inst Commun, NEL NTT Electr Corp, Credit Suisse First Boston Technol Grp, China Telecom, Huawei Technologies, ZTE Corp, SANY Optilayer Co Ltd, Dateng Telecom, Photon Technol, O Net Commun Ltd, China Minist Sci & Technol, Alcatel, Corning, Australia Opt Soc, Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Korea Assoc Photon Ind Dev, Optoelectr Ind Dev Assoc, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Opt Soc India, Opt Soc Japan, Opt Soc Korea, Photon Ind Dev Assoc, Photon Assoc, SPIE Asia Pacific Chapters, SPIE Tech Grp Opt Networks, Tsinghua Univ DE quantum well; infrared detector; multicolor detection; III-V compound semiconductor ID STEP QUANTUM-WELLS; MU-M DETECTION; INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; GAAS/ALGAAS AB The two-color detection using the multiple quantum well infrared photodetector consisting of InGaAs/GaAs step quantum wells with AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice barriers is investigated. The bound-to-bound and bound-to-continuum transitions in the step quantum wells provide two responses with energy separation large enough for the dual-band detection in the mid- and long-wave infrared ranges. The photocurrent due to the bound-to-bound transition can be extracted with a low external electric field via the miniband in the superlattice barriers so that the high leakage current is avoided. The Stark's shifts caused by the coupling and separation of energy states were clearly observed and the relevant analysis to explain the observations is presented. This work demonstrates the use of asymmetric quantum wells with superlattice barriers for the fabrication of multicolor infrared detectors. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA USA. RP Mei, T (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RI Mei, Ting/B-2850-2008 OI Mei, Ting/0000-0001-7756-040X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4310-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4580 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.444968 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT78W UT WOS:000174066800034 ER PT S AU Guardala, NA Farrell, JP Dudnikov, V AF Guardala, NA Farrell, JP Dudnikov, V BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI An intense, compact fourth-generation positron source based on using a 2 MeV proton accelerator SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB A method of producing an intense source of e(+,)s that uses the internal pair production decay of the 6.05 MeV, 0(+) first excited state of O-16 is described. The first excited state decays overwhelmingly by this process with the competing decays of double gamma-ray emission and atomic electron internal conversion contributing about I decay in 10(4). The most effective way to produce this excited state of O-16 in terms of compactness, power consumption and general ease of operation is to use the strong proton-induced resonance on F-19 at 1.89 MeV. This resonance is the most favorable low-energy proton resonance in F-19 for populating the 6.05 MeV, O+ state. We predict low-energy e(+) beams with intensity of 10(7)-10(8)/s by using off-the-shelf accelerator technology producing a 2 MeV proton beam with average currents of 1 to 5 mA. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Guardala, NA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 741 EP 744 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600179 ER PT S AU Huddle, JR AF Huddle, JR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI PIXE and Moseley's Law SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS AB In an undergraduate atomic physics experiment, 2.8 MeV protons are used to bombard thick elemental targets. X rays emitted from the targets are detected with a Si(Li) detector, and their energies are measured with a multichannel analyser. The K alpha and K beta x-ray energies are each plotted as functions of (Z-1)(2), and the Rydberg energy, Rch, is extracted from the slopes of the resulting lines. The K alpha plot gives Rch = 14.099 +/- 0.025 eV, while the K beta plot gives 13.557 +/- 0.027 eV. The experiment extends the Bohr Theory as discussed in class, serves to introduce PIKE as a quantitative technique for elemental analysis, gives the students experience in using modem instruments which may be used in later experiments, and experience in using uncertainty analysis to decide whether their measurements agree or disagree with other measurements or theoretical calculations. Although the experimental values differ from each other and from the accurately-known value of 13.606 eV by less than 4%, they do not agree to within the experimental uncertainties, forcing students to consider a systematic error arising from their use of the Bohr Theory to derive Moseley's Law. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Huddle, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 1128 EP 1131 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600269 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Deslattes, RD Hudson, LT Holland, GE Atkin, R Meyerhofer, DD Stoeckl, C AF Seely, JF Deslattes, RD Hudson, LT Holland, GE Atkin, R Meyerhofer, DD Stoeckl, C BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI X-ray spectra in the 12-60 keV energy range from Plasmas produced by the OMEGA laser SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Applications of X Rays Generated from Lasers and Other Bright Sources II Conference CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID CRYSTAL AB X-ray spectra in the energy range 12-60 keV were recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer from targets irradiated by the 60 beam, similar to30 0, OMEGA laser. The targets consisted of planar silver and gold foils, spherical gold C targets, and krypton-filled CH shells. The time-integrated spectral images were recorded by a CCD sensor with a phosphor conversion screen. Emission features identified in the spectra include the silver Kalpha line at 22.1 keV and the helium-like krypton resonance line series at 13-17 keV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4218-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4504 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.448466 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91V UT WOS:000174432000025 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Craugh, LE AF Kwon, YW Craugh, LE TI Progressive failure modeling in notched cross-ply fibrous composites SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE damage and failure; delamination; fiber splitting; transverse matrix cracking; fibrous composite; micromechanics; finite element method ID DAMAGE MECHANICS; EFFICIENT METHOD; DELAMINATION; ELEMENT; MICROMECHANICS; INITIATION; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB This study models and simulates progressive failure initiating from a notch tip of a laminated fibrous composite specimen subjected to tensile in-plane loading. The micro/macro-level approach is used. The micro-level analysis uses the 3-D unit-cell model while macro-level analysis uses the finite element analysis technique. A cross-ply laminate with double-edge notches was studied to investigate delamination, fiber splitting, and transverse matrix cracking in the specimen. Numerical results are compared to previous experimental work. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1023/A:1008909000755 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 415TB UT WOS:000167737800004 ER PT J AU Siegel, FR Galasso, JJ Kravitz, JH AF Siegel, FR Galasso, JJ Kravitz, JH TI Geochemistry of thirteen Voronin Trough cores, Kara Sea, European Arctic: Hg and As contaminants at a 1965 timeline SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY; METALS AB The potentially toxic elements Hg and As are found at high concentrations in surface/near-surface sediments from Arctic ocean cores collected from the Voronin Trough, Kara Sea, during 1965. The levels reach 2045 ppb for HE and 270 ppm for As. Manganese high values (up to 1.27%) are also found in the cores' surface/near-surface sections. Other heavy metals tracked by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (e.g., Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, Zn) have baseline concentrations in the cores. The cores average >57% clay-size and >35% silt-size in their textural composition. The elevated contents may result from anthropogenic input for Hg and As with diagenesis adding to the As concentration. Possible sources for these elements are emissions and effluents from industry such as mining and smelting operations, and burning of fossil fuels in Siberia and the Urals. When discharged into the Kara Sea from Siberian catchments, the As and Hg likely attach to charged particulate surfaces of Fe oxy/hydroxides (for As) and particulate organic matter or clay minerals (for Hg). These are transported, entrained in ocean currents or adhered to pack ice, to the Voronin Trough where they deposit according to size and specific gravity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Siegel, FR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00017-2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 372XQ UT WOS:000165259700002 ER PT J AU Aha, DW Munoz-Avila, H AF Aha, DW Munoz-Avila, H TI Introduction: Interactive case-based reasoning SO APPLIED INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Res Lab, Code 5510,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-669X J9 APPL INTELL JI Appl. Intell. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1023/A:1008305406188 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 399VY UT WOS:000166835600001 ER PT J AU Aha, DW Breslow, LA Munoz-Avila, H AF Aha, DW Breslow, LA Munoz-Avila, H TI Conversational case-based reasoning SO APPLIED INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE conversational case-based reasoning; case library revision; dialogue inferencing; plan authoring; ModSAF ID REPRESENTATION AB Conversational case-based reasoning (CCBR) was the first widespread commercially successful form of case-based reasoning. Historically, commercial CCBR tools conducted constrained human-user dialogues and targeted customer support tasks. Due to their simple implementation of CBR technology, these tools were almost ignored by the research community (until recently), even though their use introduced many interesting applied research issues. We detail our progress on addressing three of these issues: simplifying case authoring, dialogue inferencing, and interactive planning. We describe evaluations of our approaches on these issues in the context of NaCoDAE and HICAP, our CCBR tools. In summary, we highlight important CCBR problems, evaluate approaches for solving them, and suggest alternatives to be considered for future research. C1 USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Res Lab, Code 5510,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aha@aic.nrl.navy.mil; breslow@aic.nrl.navy.mil; munoz@cs.umd.edu NR 66 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-669X EI 1573-7497 J9 APPL INTELL JI Appl. Intell. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 9 EP 32 DI 10.1023/A:1008346807097 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 399VY UT WOS:000166835600002 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Yashar, S Michaud, N Fitzpatrick, R Geronemus, R Tope, WD Anderson, RR AF Ross, EV Yashar, S Michaud, N Fitzpatrick, R Geronemus, R Tope, WD Anderson, RR TI Tattoo darkening and nonresponse after laser treatment - A possible role for titanium dioxide SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWITCHED RUBY-LASER; MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; LIGHT AB Objective: To examine relationships between chemical composition, biopsy findings, and clinical outcome in laser-treated tattoos. Design: Observational nonblinded retrospective study. Settings: University-based dermatology clinic and private practice. Participants: Twenty patients who underwent biopsy of laser-treated tattoos. Main Outcome Measures: Biopsy specimens were analyzed after laser treatment, and the depths of changed particles were recorded. Ultrastructure of the changed particles was examined by electron microscopy. Presence of inorganic chemicals was determined by x-ray diffraction. Correlation between x-ray diffraction, microscopy, and clinical response was attempted. Results: Of the 20 tattoos, 7 lightened, 9 failed to change, and 4 darkened after laser treatment. There was a significant association between presence of titanium dioxide and poor response to laser therapy. Microscopic studies showed variable changes in the ink particles, but there was a trend toward residual deep green pigment in the resistant tattoos. Also, round dark stippling was observed superficially in the darkened specimens. Conclusions: Titanium is overrepresented in tattoos that respond poorly to laser treatment. Further studies are necessary to show whether this metal is the primary cause of this poor response. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Labs Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Dermatol Associates, Encinitas, CA USA. Laser & Skin Surg Ctr New York, New York, NY USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 137 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 393EZ UT WOS:000166457400005 PM 11176658 ER PT B AU Rose-Pehrsson, SL Hart, SJ Hammond, MH Gottuk, DT Wright, MT Wong, JT AF Rose-Pehrsson, SL Hart, SJ Hammond, MH Gottuk, DT Wright, MT Wong, JT BE Stetter, JR Penrose, WR TI Early warning fire detection system using an electronic nose SO ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL SENSING: OLFACTION AND THE ELECTRONIC NOSE (ISOEN 2001) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose (ISOEN 2001) CY MAR 25-30, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK AB The Navy program Damage Control-Automation for Reduced Manning is focused on enhancing automation of ship functions and damage control systems. A key, element to this objective is the improvement of current fire detection systems. Improved reliability is needed such that fire detection systems can automatically control fire suppression systems. The use of multi-criteria based detection technology offers the most promising means to achieve both-improved sensitivity to real fires and reduced susceptibility to nuisance alarm sources. A multicriteria early warning fire detection system consisting of four sensors for early fire detection and nuisance source rejection was developed using a Probabilistic Neural Network. The prototype early warning fire detector was built and tested in a shipboard environment. The prototype system provides reliable warning of actual fire conditions in less time with fewer nuisance alarms than can be achieved with commercially available smoke detection systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-321-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 15 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX29M UT WOS:000184844800032 ER PT S AU Stackpole, L AF Stackpole, L BE Aversa, E Manley, C TI Developing and managing a local digital archive for integrated access to journals and other publications SO ASIST 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 64TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 38, 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 03-08, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Informat Sci Technol AB At the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, Web-based library/information services include TORPEDO Ultra, a digital archive that in many respects functions as an electronic counterpart of a traditional print-on-paper library. Like a physical library, TORPEDO Ultra provides scientists with integrated access to the many different types of materials needed to support research. Currently these include journal articles, conference proceedings, technical reports, and agency publications, but the system has the potential for managing other types of information, and is expected to incorporate technical standards, books, and reference materials in the near future. TORPEDO Ultra recognizes the format of incoming content, provided by multiple publishers and local digitization projects, and automatically transforms it into a single format for delivery. Whether it arrives as TIFF, wrapped PDF without OCR, wrapped PDF with OCR, or native PDF, all TORPEDO Ultra content is presented to the user as PDF+text, optimized for byte serving and enhanced with thumbnails. The system can be browsed for known items or searched using a variety of sophisticated algorithms that support information discovery. Integration with a locally hosted Science Citation Index Expanded database provides access to the full text of references. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stackpole, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-138-9 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2001 VL 38 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BU37V UT WOS:000175838000002 ER PT S AU King, J AF King, J BE Aversa, E Manley, C TI Integration of the NRL Digital Library SO ASIST 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 64TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 38, 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 03-08, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP King, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jamesk@library.nrl.navy.mil RI King, Richard/A-4254-2008 OI King, Richard/0000-0002-0915-1951 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-138-9 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2001 VL 38 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BU37V UT WOS:000175838000003 ER PT S AU Knowles, SH AF Knowles, SH BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Reduction of the error volume for RSO collision predictions by the application of atmospheric drag force information SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A primary driver in the current effort to improve orbital accuracy is to reduce the size of the error ellipsoid attaching to the predicted position of both the colliding and collided RSO. This is because the present predictive ellipsoids for LEO satellites are so large as to be a limiting factor in the protection possible. Underlying current error methodology is the assumption that the error ellipses of the two objects are statistically independent. In this contribution it is shown that application of the knowledge that a variation in the atmospheric density causes a covarying effect on the orbits of the two close approaching RSOs, together with the now-accepted determination of the empiricial mean ballistic coefficient for each from extended orbit determination, enables a significant reduction in this error volume. C1 USN, Res Lab, Raytheon Tech Serv Co, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knowles, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Raytheon Tech Serv Co, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 767 EP 770 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400048 ER PT S AU Zedd, MF Najmy, EJ AF Zedd, MF Najmy, EJ BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Modernizing the naval space surveillance system - Part 1 SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB In 1999, the Navy began the groundwork for a ten-year program to update the Naval Space Surveillance System. Administrative plans, initial design concepts, and analyses are progressing toward modernizing the Fence system. Because of intense interest within the AAS/AIAA conference programs in Fence products, this paper introduces you to new system expectations. Also, there is a new Department of Defense requirement to detect and determine the orbits of objects as small as 5 cm (down from the current Fence capability of around 30 cm). Therefore, the updated Fence will have enhanced capabilities to detect and catalog an estimated 110,000 objects compared to the 10,000 objects in today's catalog. This paper broadly reviews the goals for the new Fence and the processes the Navy is taking to achieve these goals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zedd, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 817 EP 835 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400052 ER PT S AU Chen, HJ Longman, RW Agrawal, BN AF Chen, HJ Longman, RW Agrawal, BN BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Approaches to matched basis function repetitive control SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LEARNING CONTROL AB Spacecraft often have multiple sources of vibrations such as imbalances in momentum wheels, reactions wheels, control moment gyros, cryo pumps, etc. Active vibration isolation of sensitive fine pointing equipment using for example a Stewart platform can require targeting multiple unrelated frequencies for cancellation. This paper examines matched basis function repetitive control as a method of addressing this problem. Ideally, one wants the repetitive control algorithm to completely eliminate the disturbance frequencies chosen for elimination, and cause no error at other frequencies. Also, normally a feedback control system is used to address remaining errors that are not so systematic, and one would like the two controllers to have no adverse cross interactions. The characteristics of this separation problem are analyzed first for batch update repetitive control and then for real time repetitive control. Averaging methods are introduced to attenuate or eliminate cross talk. It is shown that the approaches can address situation in which the popular Multiple Error LMS algorithm gives poor performance, Examples are given to show the effectiveness of the methods generated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93908 USA. RP Chen, HJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93908 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 931 EP 950 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400059 ER PT S AU Lean, JL Picone, JM Mariska, JT Warren, HP Knowles, S Bishop, J Meier, RR AF Lean, JL Picone, JM Mariska, JT Warren, HP Knowles, S Bishop, J Meier, RR BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Parameterizations of solar EUV irradiance variations for use in upper atmosphere density models SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID REFERENCE SPECTRUM; QUIET SUN; CYCLE; VARIABILITY; EARTH; THERMOSPHERE; FORMULATION AB Uncertainties in atmospheric density are the largest source of error in special perturbations orbital codes. Inadequate EUV radiation proxies used by the models are a primary cause of these uncertainties. The density models use the 10.7 cm coronal radio flux as a proxy to specify variations caused by changing solar EUV radiation, but some of the strongest emission lines in the EUV spectrum are emitted from the Sun's chromosphere. A new composite chromospheric irradiance index has been developed from around- and space-based measurements. Planned is a reformulation of the NRLMSIS empirical upper atmosphere density model (itself an improved version of the original MSIS model) using both coronal and chromospheric solar irradiance indices. Additional refinements of NRLMSIS in the future may include parameters derived from the EUV spectral irradiance estimated by a newly developed, physics-based variability model, NRLEUV, which is based on differential emission measures of solar EUV radiation sources. Possible parameterizations include the total EUV energy prior to and following attenuation by the Earth's atmosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 1371 EP 1383 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400083 ER PT S AU Picone, JM Hedin, AE Drob, DP Lean, J AF Picone, JM Hedin, AE Drob, DP Lean, J BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI NRLMSISE-00 empirical atmospheric model: Comparisons to data and standard models SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; HOT OXYGEN; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SATELLITE DRAG; MILLSTONE HILL; DENSITY; CLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; ORBIT AB The new NRLMSISE-00 model and the associated NRLMSIS database now include the following data: (1) total mass density, from satellite accelerometers and from orbit determination (including the Jacchia data), (2) temperature from incoherent scatter radar, and (3) molecular oxygen number density, [O-2], from solar ultraviolet occultation aboard the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). A new species, "anomalous oxygen," allows for appreciable oxygen ion (O+) and hot atomic oxygen contributions to the total mass density at high altitudes and applies primarily to drag estimation. We compare the NRLMSISE-00, MSISE-90, and Jacchia-70 models to the Jacchia data set, upon which the Jacchia-class operational models were based. In part, this amplifies the work of Keating et al,,(1) who used data on charged and neutral species at 900 km, produced by the Mid-Course Space Experiment (MSX), to infer a large O+ component to drag under a particular combination of conditions - summer, low solar activity, high latitudes, and high altitudes. Under these conditions, except at very low solar activity, the Jacchia data and the Jacchia-70 model indeed show a significantly higher total mass density than does MSISE-90. However, under the corresponding winter conditions, the MSIS-class models represent a noticeable improvement relative to Jacchia-70, over a wide range of F-10.7, Considering the two regimes together, NRLMSTSE-00 achieves an improvement over both MSISE-90 and Jacchia-70, by incorporating advantages of each. Statistical comparisons of the Jacchia data to the three models provides bias and standard deviation for different altitude bands and levels of geomagnetic activity. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picone, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 1385 EP 1397 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400084 ER PT S AU Knowles, SH Picone, JM Thonnard, SE Nicholas, AC Dymond, KF Coffey, SL AF Knowles, SH Picone, JM Thonnard, SE Nicholas, AC Dymond, KF Coffey, SL BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Applying new and improved atmospheric density determination techniques to resident space object position prediction SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Recent developments have made possible exciting new methods and algorithms for better predicting and determining the atmospheric density Field in the altitude range of 200 to 1000 kin., and thus drag on resident space objects (RSOs) in that altitude range, The Naval Research Laboratory is undertaking a program to apply its capabilities in the area of space physics, astrodynamics and computer science, in cooperation with Naval Space Command, to improve position prediction and determination for the USSPACECOM Space Object Catalog. As one of these developments, a method is being developed to determine thermospheric density in near real time from inversion of far ultraviolet airglow spectral lines observed by the LORAAS instrument of the ARGOS research satellite. This algorithm will become operational as the closely related SSULI instrument is launched on the next generation of DMSP payloads. This technique, when fully developed, will enable a better nowcasting of satellite drag. Preliminary results of this method will be presented, together with a discussion of present limitations to the technique and improvements planned. An alternate technique being developed is dynamic calibration of the atmosphere, presently being developed under the sponsorship of the Air Force Space Battlelab. NRL is participating in this by using its capability to compare to the MSIS model and use adjustable fit spans to produce an independent analysis of the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) calibration data set. Results from this analysis will also be presented, as well as a data base of RSO ballistic coefficients determined in this analysis together with an analysis of the long-term time spectrum of thermospheric density fluctuations and its implications for thermospheric density models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Raytheon Tech Serv Co, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knowles, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Raytheon Tech Serv Co, Code 7604, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 1429 EP 1436 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400087 ER PT S AU Agrawal, BN Senenko, C AF Agrawal, BN Senenko, C BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Attitude dynamics and control of bifocal relay mirror spacecraft SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper presents the attitude dynamics and control of bifocal relay mirror spacecraft. The spacecraft consists of two optically coupled telescopes used to redirect the laser light from ground-based, aircraft-based, or spacecraft based lasers to distant points on the earth or in space. The spacecraft has very, tight pointing and jitter requirements to meet the performance of the optical payload. Because the two large telescopes are gimbaled, the spacecraft inertia has a large variation during the large angle maneuvers. The attitude control system consists of reaction wheels, star trackers, gyros, sun sensors, magnetometers and magnetic rods. Feed forward control and quaternion formulation are used. Kalman filter is used to update the rate gyros biases and the attitude angles during star tracker measurements. The simulation results show that the fine tracking requirements can be achieved. However, the feed forward control is critical to meet these requirements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 1703 EP 1719 PN 1-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400105 ER PT S AU Lydick, E AF Lydick, E BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI Visual demonstration of the inability of an analytical orbit propagator to predict atmospheric variability SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Naval Space Command's space surveillance radar, the Fence, takes 175000 observations a day. These observations consist mainly of the time of observation and a pair of direction cosines. These observations are automatically identified based on predicted observations generated with an analytical propagator using 3 to 30 day fit spans. Each identified observation generates residuals with the predicted values assumed to be truth. By stringing together a series of time ordered plots consisting of data taken from 2-hour segments for each day, a movie can be generated showing how the observation time residual and the North-South direction cosine residual vary from day to day as the atmosphere changes. C1 USN, Space Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Lydick, E (reprint author), USN, Space Command, 5280 4th St, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 1825 EP 1835 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400113 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Yan, H Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Yan, H Fahroo, F BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI A curiously outlandish problem in orbital mechanics SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SINGULAR THRUST-ARCS AB A somewhat outrageous problem in orbital mechanics is proposed, in this problem the planet gravitational model obeys the Newtonian inverse-square law but the atmospheric density increases monotonically with attitude. A Forced Keplerian Trajectory (FKT) is defined by a thrust-drag cancellation. A unique minimum-drag circular FKT is thus defined. An optimal control problem is to transfer a spacecraft from a point on this manifold to another point on it while minimizing a Mayer cost. Application of the Higher-Order Minimum Principle shows that following the minimum drag profile is not fuel-optimal. When a combination of direct and indirect methods is used to numerically solve the problem, the result is a bang-bang profile. In other words, the spacecraft follows a non-minimum-drag trajectory to minimize fuel. The application of this result to real problems (i.e. strict adherence to hydrostatic laws) has surprising consequences. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aer Astro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aer Astro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 1873 EP 1883 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400116 ER PT S AU Neta, B Lipowski, Y AF Neta, B Lipowski, Y BE Spencer, DB Seybold, DB Misra, AK Lisowski, RJ TI A new scheme for trajectory propagation SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2001, PTS I-III SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE tow body; initial value problems ID ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; INITIAL-VALUE-PROBLEMS; MULTISTEP METHODS; INTEGRATION AB In this paper we develop a new numerical method to integrate the equations of motion of a celestial body. It was shown that the radial error is much smaller than that of conventional numerical schemes. This method also conserves the energy per unit mass in the case of perturbation-free flight. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA Nd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-488-5 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2001 VL 109 BP 2067 EP 2076 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV23N UT WOS:000178285400129 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Richards, GT Newman, JA Becker, RH Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Davis, M White, RL Lupton, RH Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Doi, MM Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Richards, GT Newman, JA Becker, RH Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Davis, M White, RL Lupton, RH Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Doi, MM Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. III. a color-selected sample at i* < 20 in the fall equatorial stripe SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : general; surveys ID LYMAN-LIMIT ABSORPTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; DISTANT CLUSTERS; STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINES; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; SPECTRA; SYSTEM AB This is the third paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the celestial equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we first present the observations of 14 bright, high-redshift quasars (3.66 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4.77, i* less than or similar to 20) discovered in the SDSS fall equatorial stripe, and the SDSS photometry of two previously known high-redshift quasars in the same region of the sky. Combined with the quasars presented in Paper I and by Schneider et al., we define a color-selected flux-limited sample of 39 quasars at 3.6 < z < 5.0 and i* less than or similar to 20, covering a total effective area of 182 deg(2). From this sample, we estimate the average spectral power-law slope in the rest-frame UV for quasars at z similar to 4 to be -0.79 with a standard deviation of 0.34, and the average rest-frame equivalent width of the Ly alpha + N v emission line to be 69 Angstrom with a standard deviation of 18 Angstrom. The selection completeness of this multicolor sample is determined from the model colors of high-redshift quasars, taking into account the distributions of emission-line strengths, intrinsic continuum slope, the line and continuum absorption from intervening material, and the effects of photometric errors. The average completeness of this sample is about 75%. The selection function calculated in this paper will be used to correct the incompleteness of this color-selected sample and to derive the high-redshift quasar luminosity function in a companion paper. In an appendix, we present the observations of an additional 18 faint quasars (3.57 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4.80, 20.1 < i* < 20.8) discovered in the region on the sky that has been imaged twice. Several quasars presented in this paper exhibit interesting properties, including a radio-loud quasar at z = 4.77 and a narrow-line quasar (FWHM = 1500 km s(-1)) at z = 3.57. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150 NR 42 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 31 EP 53 DI 10.1086/318032 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300004 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Becker, RH Davis, M Newman, JA Richards, GT White, RL Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Fukugita, M Kunszt, PZ Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Becker, RH Davis, M Newman, JA Richards, GT White, RL Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brunner, RJ Csabai, IN Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Fukugita, M Kunszt, PZ Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR McKay, TA Munn, JA Pier, JR Szalay, AS York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. IV. Luminosity function from the fall equatorial stripe sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; quasars : general; surveys ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; EVOLUTION; QSOS; Z-GREATER-THAN-4; UNIVERSE; GALAXIES; DENSITY AB This is the fourth paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the celestial equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we use the color-selected sample of 39 luminous high-redshift quasars presented in Paper III to derive the evolution of the quasar luminosity function over the range 3.6 < z < 5.0 and -27.5 < M-1450 < -25.5 (Ohm = 1, H-0 = 50 km s(-1) Mpc(-1)). We use the selection function derived in Paper III to correct for sample incompleteness. The luminosity function is estimated using three different methods: (1) the 1/V-a estimator; (2) a maximum likelihood solution, assuming that the density of quasars depends exponentially on redshift and as a power law in luminosity; and (3) Lynden-Bell's nonparametric C- estimator. All three methods yield consistent results. The luminous quasar density decreases by a factor of similar to6 from z = 3.5 to z = 5.0, consistent with the decline seen from several previous optical surveys at z < 4.5. The luminosity function follows (L) proportional to L-2.5 for z similar to 4 at the bright end, significantly flatter than the bright-end luminosity function psi (L) proportional to L-3.5 found in previous studies for z < 3, suggesting that the shape of the quasar luminosity function evolves with redshift as well, and that the quasar evolution from z = 2 to z = 5 cannot be described as pure luminosity evolution. Possible selection biases and the effect of dust extinction on the redshift evolution of the quasar density are also discussed. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009 OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150 NR 38 TC 338 Z9 339 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1086/318033 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300005 ER PT J AU Balick, B Wilson, J Hajian, AR AF Balick, B Wilson, J Hajian, AR TI NGC 6543: The rings around the Cat's Eye SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae : general; planetary nebulae : individual (NGC 6543); stars : winds, outflows ID INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; BIPOLAR PREPLANETARY NEBULAE; STELLAR WIND PALEONTOLOGY; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; BINARY-SYSTEMS; DUSTY WINDS; GIANT HALO; EVOLUTION; NGC-6543; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Hubble archival images of NGC 6543 reveal a series of at least nine regularly spaced concentric circular rings that surround the famous nebular core, known as the Cat's Eye Nebula. The rings are almost certainly spherical bubbles of periodic isotropic nuclear mass pulsations that preceded the formation of the core. The bubbles are detected solely in the lines of H alpha, [O III], and [N II]. The core and the bubbles around it appear to have very similar temperature, ionization, and chemical properties. Assuming a distance of 1 kpc and an outflow velocity of 10 km s(-1), a good fit to the Ha surface brightness distribution suggests that the bubbles were ejected with constant mass (similar to 0.01 M-.) and thickness (similar to 1000 AU) approximately every 1500 years. The combined mass of the visible bubbles, similar to0.1 M-., is comparable to that of the present mass of the core (similar to0.05 M-.). Since the bubbles are evenly spaced and there is no sign of bubble-bubble collisions, the bubble ejection mechanism regulates the outflow speed to better than 10%. The line widths of the bubbles, similar to 30 km s(-1), argue that the bubbles are in the process of thickening and merging on timescales less than or similar to 10(3) yr. Their ejection period is consistent with a suggestion that quasi-periodic shells are launched every few hundred years in dust-forming asymptotic giant branch (AGB) winds but not consonant with the predictions of extant models of core thermal pulses (similar to 105 yr) and surface pulsations (similar to 10 yr). It appears that regular isotropic AGB mass pulses can precede the formation of brighter, denser, and more complex planetary nebula cores that are formed when an abrupt change of mode of mass loss occurs. Disruptive binary companion mergers or the sudden emergence of a magnetic field might account for the mode change. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Balick, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1086/318052 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300028 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JT Nordgren, TE Germain, ME Hajian, AR Hindsley, RB Hummel, CA Mozurkewich, D Thessin, RN AF Armstrong, JT Nordgren, TE Germain, ME Hajian, AR Hindsley, RB Hummel, CA Mozurkewich, D Thessin, RN TI Diameters of delta Cephei and eta Aquilae measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : individual (delta Cephei, eta Aquilae, beta Lacertae, 12 Aquilae); techniques : interferometric ID PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; FLUX METHOD IRFM; ANGULAR DIAMETERS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; VARIABLES; PARAMETERS; RADIUS; STARS; LIGHT AB We have measured the diameters of the Cepheid variables delta Cephei (18 nights) and eta Aquilae (11 nights) with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. The primary results of these observations are the mean angular diameters [theta (LD)] of these Cepheids: 1.520 +/- 0.014 milliseconds of arc (mas) for delta Cep and 1.69 +/- 0.04 mas for eta Aql. We also report limb-darkened diameters for the check stars in this program: for beta Lac, theta (LD) = 1.909 +/- 0.022 mas and for 12 Aql, theta (LD) = 2.418 +/- 0.010 mas. When combined with radius estimates from period-radius relations in the literature, the Cepheid angular diameters suggest distances slightly smaller than, but still consistent with, the Hipparcos distances. Pulsations are weakly detected at a level of similar to1.5 to 2 sigma for both Cepheids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Fairfax, VA USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tarmstr@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; nordgren@nofs.navy.mil; meg@sextans.lowell.edu; hajian@gemini.usno.navy.mil; rbh@gemini.usno.navy.mil; cah@gemini.usno.navy.mil; mozurk@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; rthessin@its.caltech.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1086/318007 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300039 ER PT J AU Matthews, SA Klimchuk, JA Harra, LK AF Matthews, SA Klimchuk, JA Harra, LK TI Properties of EUV and X-ray emission in solar active regions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sun : UV radiation; sun : Corona; sun : transition region ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSITION REGION; SOHO; ATMOSPHERE; XUV; VIEW AB Using observations from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on SoHO and the Soft. X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh we investigate how the spatial properties of active region emission observed in the EUV and X-ray range varies with temperature. We examine the contrast per unit area of the EUV emission from a number of active regions, and employ correlation techniques and Fourier methods with which we obtain the two dimensional power spectrum of the intensity distribution for a number of images in emission lines formed at different temperatures. Integrating this over polar angle we find isotropic power-law behaviour at all temperatures irt a number of topologically different active regions, with a tendency for flatter spectra at lower temperatures. The existence of power-law spectra indicates that there is no preferred length scale within the regions, at least not a resolvable one, while flatter spectra at lower temperatures indicate that the structures are relatively smaller in this temperature range, possibly providing support for the idea of a multi-component transition region (TR). Implications for various heating models are discussed. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matthews, SA (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RI Matthews, Sarah/C-4292-2008; Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200; Matthews, Sarah/0000-0001-9346-8179 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 2 BP 186 EP 197 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394UF UT WOS:000166541100016 ER PT B AU Harris, HC Dahn, CC Leggett, SK Liebert, J AF Harris, HC Dahn, CC Leggett, SK Liebert, J BE VonHippel, T Simpson, C Manset, N TI Luminosity function and age of white dwarfs in the disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL AGES AND TIME SCALES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astrophysical Ages and Time Scales CY FEB 05-09, 2001 CL HILO, HI SP Fujitsu Amer Inc, Mitsubishi Elect & Electr AB An expanded sample of white dwarfs, selected by proper motion, is used to determine an improved luminosity function and to study the makeup of the sample. Most, but not all, are disk stars. The oldest disk star has a cooling time of 9 Gyr. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-083-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 245 BP 313 EP 315 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34C UT WOS:000175724400044 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Gaume, RA Claussen, MJ Fey, AL Fiedler, RL Johnston, KJ AF Lazio, TJW Gaume, RA Claussen, MJ Fey, AL Fiedler, RL Johnston, KJ TI The extreme scattering event toward 1741-038: HI absorption SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : structure; quasars : individual (Q1741-038); radio lines : ISM ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; TIME AB We report multi-epoch Very Large Array H I absorption observations of the source 1741 - 038 (OT - 068) before and during an extreme scattering event (ESE). Observations at four epochs, three during the ESE, were obtained. We find no changes in the equivalent width, maximum optical depth, or velocity of maximum optical depth during the ESE, but we do find a secular trend of decreasing maximum optical depth between our observations and ones by other observers a decade prior. The resulting limit on the H I column density change during the ESE for a structure with a spin temperature T-s is 6.4 x 10(17) cm(-2)(T-s/10 K). Tiny-scale atomic structures (TSAS), with N-H similar to 3 x 10(18) cm(-2), are ruled out marginally by this limit, though geometric arguments may allow this limit to be relaxed. Galactic halo molecular clouds that are opaque in the H I line cannot be excluded from causing the ESE because the observed velocity range covers only 25% of their allowed velocity range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1086/318262 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400023 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Feldman, U AF Laming, JM Feldman, U TI The solar helium abundance in the outer corona determined from observations with SUMER/SOHO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID RECOMBINATION-LINE-INTENSITIES; JUPITER ATMOSPHERE; HYDROGENIC IONS; HE-II; SCATTERING; PLASMAS; FLARES; ACCELERATION; SPECTROMETER; EXPLANATION AB At altitudes of about 1.05 R. or more, the corona above quiet solar regions becomes essentially isothermal. This obviates many of the difficulties associated with the inverse problem of determining emission measure distributions and allows for fairly straightforward relative element abundance measurements. We present new values for the He abundance. The first is based on a reanalysis of the He/O ratio studied previously using data acquired by SUMER. A more thorough evaluation of the atomic physics for He II, including a detailed treatment of radiative recombination, increases the predicted emission in the He II Balmer series compared with earlier analyses. We use a recently revised value of the O abundance to derive an He/H abundance ratio of 0.038 (mass fraction, Y = 0.13), with an error of similar to 17% coming mainly from the O abundance uncertainty. We demonstrate that this result may be affected by gravitational settling of O relative to He. We also derive an abundance for He by direct comparison with emission lines of the H I Lyman series, with the result He/H = 0.052 +/- 0.005 (Y = 0.17), a value similar to He abundances determined in the slow-speed solar wind. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1086/318238 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400048 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Feldman, U Laming, JM Schuhle, U Wilhelm, K AF Doschek, GA Feldman, U Laming, JM Schuhle, U Wilhelm, K TI Properties of solar polar coronal hole plasmas observed above the limb SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ION TEMPERATURES; SUMER TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINES; DOPPLER SHIFTS; QUIET-SUN; SI-VIII; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; IONIZATION AB We determine the line-of-sight emission measure distribution and nonthermal motions as a function of height above the limb in the north and south polar coronal holes. These quantities are derived from extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectra obtained from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. The SUMER slit was oriented along the north-south direction for all the observations, and the spatial resolution is about 1 ". The spectra were obtained from a number of different types of observations in 1996. We select a group of emission lines for analysis for which, under the usual assumption of ionization equilibrium, the maximum emissivities span the temperature range from about 3 x 10(5) K up to about 1.1 x 10(6) K. We compare our results with recently published similar observations of a west limb quiet-Sun streamer region, with other coronal hole results based on SUMER spectra, and with earlier observations of the quiet Sun and coronal holes obtained from Skylab and rocket spectra. We find that the electron temperature in the polar holes increases with height above the limb, that the emission measure distribution of plasma located at line-of-sight heights less than about 60 " peaks at a temperature of about 9 x 10(5) K, and that nonthermal motions sometimes, but not always, increase slightly with height above the limb. When observed, these increases level off above the limb at about 120 ". We speculate that the increases with height above the limb may be a manifestation of the fast solar wind. They may also be due to the reduction in transition region structures with increasing limb height. We also discuss wave heating as a cause of the line width increases. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1086/318227 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400049 ER PT J AU DeForest, CE Plunkett, SP Andrews, MD AF DeForest, CE Plunkett, SP Andrews, MD TI Observation of polar plumes at high solar altitudes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : corona ID SCALE CORONAL STRUCTURES; RADIO SOUNDING DATA; RANGING MEASUREMENTS; WIND; HOLE; CONSTRAINTS; TELESCOPE; DYNAMICS; REGIONS; LASCO AB Using the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, we have imaged polar plumes extending 30 R. from disk center in the image plane and similar to 45 R. in three-dimensional space, a factor of 2-3 farther than previous imaging measurements and well into the constant-velocity regime of wind flow. We find that the plumes maintain their overall linear morphology and density enhancement to at least this altitude range. Using LASCO photometry and a modeled cylindrical plume geometry, we derive the density excess within the plumes 30 R. above the Sun (in three dimensions). At this altitude, the plumes are (2-4) x 10(3) cm(-3) above the background interplume density, with an estimated plasma beta of order 300. The excess electron densities are a factor of 20-30 greater than the average total electron density estimates obtained from extrapolation of in situ measurements by Ulysses at 1 AU. The contrast between the high plume excess densities that we observe and the uniformity of the wind seen by Ulysses may best be explained by wind models that include horizontal mixing in the lower heliosphere between 45 R. and Ulysses's altitude of similar to 200 R.. C1 SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP DeForest, CE (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 426, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1086/318221 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400050 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Fey, AL Gaume, RA AF Lazio, TJW Fey, AL Gaume, RA TI Extreme scattering events: An observational summary SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 182 CY APR 17-21, 2000 CL GUIYANG, PEOPLES R CHINA ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM AB We review observational constraints on the structures responsible for extreme scattering events, focussing on a series of observations of the quasar PKS 1741-038. VLA observations were conducted to search for changes in the rotation measure and HI absorption during the ESE, while VLBI observations sought ESE-induced changes in the source's image. No RM changes were found implying B-parallel to < 12 mG, and no HI opacity changes were found implying N(HI) < 6.4 x 10(17) cm(-2). No multiple imaging was observed, but the diameter of the source increased by 0.7 mas, contrary to what is predicted by simple refractive lens modeling of ESEs. We summarize what these limits imply about the structure responsible for this ESE. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 278 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1013190208674 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499TU UT WOS:000172587100030 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, RM Wood, KS Hertz, P Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Giebels, B Bloom, ED AF Bandyopadhyay, RM Wood, KS Hertz, P Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Wolff, MT Giebels, B Bloom, ED TI Observations of GRS 1915+105 from the USA experiment on ARGOS SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp ID GRS-1915+105 AB We present first results from a monitoring campaign of GRS 1915+105 undertaken with the USA X-ray timing experiment on the ARGOS satellite. A variety of behaviour has been observed, ranging from low, steady X-ray emission to rapid quasi-periodic flaring on timescales of approximately 10-120 seconds. C1 USN, Res Lab, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 23 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1011666227154 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900008 ER PT J AU Ueda, Y Yamaoka, K Grove, JE McCollough, M Durouchoux, P Rodriguez, J Mirabel, F Swank, J Feroci, M Casella, P Castro-Tirado, AJ Sanchez-Fernandez, C Chaty, S Castaneda, H Kohno, K Dhawan, V Trushkin, SA Ebisawa, K Kotani, T Inoue, H AF Ueda, Y Yamaoka, K Grove, JE McCollough, M Durouchoux, P Rodriguez, J Mirabel, F Swank, J Feroci, M Casella, P Castro-Tirado, AJ Sanchez-Fernandez, C Chaty, S Castaneda, H Kohno, K Dhawan, V Trushkin, SA Ebisawa, K Kotani, T Inoue, H CA Multiwavelength Campaign Team TI The 2000 April multiwavelength campaign of GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp DE GRS 1915+105; multiwavelength observations ID GRS-1915+105 AB We report results from multiwavelength observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 performed during the 2000 April campaign. This is one of the biggest campaigns ever made for this source covering the broad band from radio to gamma -rays. Multiwavelength light curves compiled from all the data reduced up to date and broad band spectra obtained with ASCA and RXTE are presented. C1 Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, MSFC, Huntsville, AL USA. Serv Astrophys, Saclay, France. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IAFE, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00185 Rome, Italy. CSIC, IAA, Granada, Spain. INTA, LAEFF, Madrid, Spain. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England. Observ Astron Nacl Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NAO, Nobeyama Radio Observ, Nagano, Japan. NRAO, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Ueda, Y (reprint author), Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. RI Swank, Jean/F-2693-2012; OI Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601; Casella, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-0752-3301 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1023/A:1011638928062 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900009 ER PT J AU Eikenberry, SS Bandyopadhyay, RM AF Eikenberry, SS Bandyopadhyay, RM TI On the mass-donating star in GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp DE X-ray : stars; black hole physics; GRS 1915+105; close binaries AB Geometric constraints and the lack of eclipses in GRS 1915+105 are used to place limits on the mass of the companion star. We rule out any companion with M-s > 19.4M(.) for a black hole mass Of M-BH 2 similar or equal to 30M(.). C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NRC, NRL, Rockville, MD USA. RP Eikenberry, SS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 39 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1011603314858 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900012 ER PT J AU Greiner, J Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Guetter, HH Luginbuhl, CB AF Greiner, J Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Guetter, HH Luginbuhl, CB TI K band monitoring of GRS 1915+105 during 1999-2000 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp DE X-ray binary; GRS 1915+105; infrared observations ID GRS-1915+105 AB We report an long-term K band photometry of the galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105 since March 1999. We see variations of more than 1 mag, which are seemingly correlated with variations in X-ray intensity and spectral slope. C1 Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Greiner, J (reprint author), Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1011629515284 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900028 ER PT J AU Muno, M Remillard, R Morgan, E Waltman, E Hjellming, R Pooley, G AF Muno, M Remillard, R Morgan, E Waltman, E Hjellming, R Pooley, G TI Correlations between the radio emission and the X-ray timing properties in GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Microquasar Workshop on Galactic Relativistic Jet Sources CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Inst Astrofis Andaluc, Spainish Consejo Super Invest Cientif, Univ Barcelona, Lab Astrofis Espacial Fis Fdn, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp ID GRS-1915+105; JET; VARIABILITY; GX-339-4; DISK C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Lab, Cambridge, England. RP Muno, M (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2001 VL 276 SU S BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1023/A:1011601008866 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 481BW UT WOS:000171500900059 ER PT S AU Bergman, AF DeKruger, DH AF Bergman, AF DeKruger, DH BE Sadjadi, FA TI Automatically scoring LADAR detectors using target descriptors SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE automatic scoring; automatic target recognition; detection; LADAR; performance analysis AB The volume of data that must be processed to characterize the performance of target detection algorithms over a complex parameter space requires automated analysis. This paper discusses a methodology for automatically scoring the results from a diversity of detectors producing several different forms of detected regions. The ability to automatically score detector outputs without using full target templates or models has advantages. Using target descriptors - primarily target sizes and locations-reduces the computational cost of matching detected regions against truthed targets in various scenes. It also diminishes the size of and the difficulty of creating an image-truth database. Theoretical considerations are presented. Overcoming issues associated with using limited truth information is explained. Concepts and use of the Auto-Score package are also discussed. The performances of several different laser radar (LADAR) target detectors, applied to imagery containing scenes with targets and both natural and man-made clutter, have been characterized with the aid of Auto-Score. Automatic scoring examples are taken from this domain. However, the scoring process is applicable to detectors operating on other problems and other kinds of data as well. The target-descriptor scoring concept and Auto-Score implementation were originated to support the development of a configurable automatic target recognition (ATR) system for LADAR data, under the auspices of the Office of Naval Research. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Target Recognit Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Bergman, AF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Target Recognit Branch, 1 Adm Circle,Code 452500D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.445369 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200002 ER PT S AU Hodge, J DeKruger, D Park, A AF Hodge, J DeKruger, D Park, A BE Sadjadi, FA TI Mobile target LADAR ATR system SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target recognition; LADAR; shape fusion; template matching AB The Mobile Target Acquisition System (MTAS) is an automatic target recognition (ATR) system developed by the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, China Lake, CA, under funding by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to detect and identify mobile target laser detection and ranging (LADAR) range signatures. The primary objective was to achieve high correct system identification rates for range signatures of relatively low numbers of pixels on target and, at the same time, maintain a low system identification false alarm rate. WAS met this objective by stressing conservation and efficient exploitation of target information at all levels of processing. Adaptive noise cleaning conserves target information by filtering pixels only when the pixel and its neighbors satisfied the criteria for range dropouts. The MTAS detector holds false alarms to a low level by convolving synthetic templates with the gradient of the range image and fusing the resulting correlation surface with a blob size filter. Mobile target identification fuses 2-D silhouette shape with 3-D (21/2-D) volumetric shape where the mixture of 2- and 3-D shapes is controlled by a single parameter. The match between the measured LADAR range signature and the synthetic range template efficiently and effectively exploits scarce target information by including all target and template pixels in the Fuzzy Tanimoto Distance similarity measure. This system has successfully detected and identified measured mobile LADAR target signatures with 200 pixels on target and greater with a low confuser identification rate and no system clutter identification false alarms. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Target Recognit Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hodge, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Target Recognit Branch, 1 Adm Circle,Code 452320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.445389 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200004 ER PT S AU Cook, TD AF Cook, TD BE Sadjadi, FA TI Results of ladar ATR captive flight testing experiments SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ladar; automatic target recognition; aim-point selection; detection; algorithm performance AB As part of an ongoing captive flight test demonstration project at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), China Lake, CA, two Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithms were implemented in hardware, integrated with the second in a series of ladar sensors. and flown aboard a T-39 aircraft against both fixed and stationary mobile target sites on the ranges of the Naval Air Weapons Station (NAWS), also at China Lake, CA. The first ATR algorithm was developed to recognize fixed targets and to select aim-points with a performance goal of a five pixel Circular Error Probability (CEP.) The second ATR algorithm was developed to detect stationary mobile targets. such as tanks and trucks. The performance goal for this algorithm was to achieve 90% probability of detection. Both of these algorithms operate by exploiting the very accurate 3D geometry provided by the ladar. This paper describes the 1999 and 2000 captive flight tests involving these two algorithms, including the flight tests themselves, the hardware implementations, and the resulting ATR performance. Additionally, the large ladar data set, collected during twenty-four two-hour flights, will be briefly described. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Cook, TD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, 1 Adm Circle,Code 471500D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.445353 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200008 ER PT S AU Van Nevel, AJ AF Van Nevel, AJ BE Sadjadi, FA TI Automatic registration of sequential ladar imagery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID RECOGNITION AB In this work we present an algorithm used to automatically register a sequence of ladar images taken from a sensor flying a known flight path. The registration is performed with no human operator intervention. The resulting mosaic is accurate to one pixel. The algorithmic approach was developed in such a way to allow for near real time processing. The initial method can be extended to registration of multiple views of a scene, with four degrees of freedom (translation and in plane rotation). In this work we will restrict ourselves to rigid body transformations. The registered mosaic is an important step in geolocation using a reference digital elevation map, and will be explored in future work. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Van Nevel, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.445356 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200011 ER PT S AU Stellman, CM Olchowski, FM Michalowicz, JV AF Stellman, CM Olchowski, FM Michalowicz, JV BE Sadjadi, FA TI WAR HORSE(wide area reconnaissance - Hyperspectral overhead real-time surveillance experiment) SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; real-time; Predator; UAV AB In recent years the Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been involved in the development of real-time hyperspectral detection, cueing, target location, and target designation capabilities. Under the Dark HORSE program it was demonstrated that a hyperspectral sensor could be used for the autonomous, real-time detection of airborne and military ground targets. This work has culminated in WAR HORSE, an autonomous real-time visible hyperspectral target detection system that has been configured for us on a Predator Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV). The sensor system provides Predator with the ability to detect manmade objects (in real-time) in areas of natural background. The system consists of a visible hyperspectral imaging sensor, a real-time signal processor, a high-resolution visible line scan camera (that is cued by the HSI sensor to provide image chips for target identification), an interface and control software application, and a data storage medium. The system is coupled to an on-board GPS/INS to provide target geo-location information and relevant data is transmitted to a ground station using line-of-sight down-link capabilities. The presented paper will provide an overview of the WAR HORSE sensor system hardware components and their integration aboard a Predator UAV. In addition, the results of a recently completed demonstration aboard the Predator UAV will be provided. This demonstration represents the first autonomous real-time hyperspectral target detection system to flown aboard a Predator UAV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stellman, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1117/12.445382 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200034 ER PT S AU Sciortino, JC Smith, JF Kamgar-Parsi, B Franciose, CDRR AF Sciortino, JC Smith, JF Kamgar-Parsi, B Franciose, CDRR BE Suresh, R TI Implementation of battlespace agents for network-centric electronic warfare SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE autonomous intelligent agents; artificial intelligence; ESM; electronic warfare; EA; network-centric warfare; complex adaptive systems; self-organizing systems; C4I systems AB In the Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) paradigm, battlespace agents autonomously perform selected tasks delegated by actors/shooters and decision-makers including controlling sensors. Network-Centric electronic warfare (NCEW) is the form of electronic combat used in NCW. Focus is placed on a network of interconnected, adapting systems that are capable of making choices about how to survive and achieve their design goals in a dynamic environment. The battlespace entities: agents, actor/shooters, sensors, and decision-makers' are tied together through the information and sensor grids. The grids carry a flood of data and information among the entities that can be used to increase the tempo of operations. This flood will overwhelm human actors and decision-makers. To avoid this, it will be necessary to take advantage of developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and complexity theory in the form of complex adaptive systems (CAS). AI will allow autonomous sensor control, data collection, and data interpretation. The information grid itself may be controlled by battlespace agents that rely on AI to perform their functions. These agents can be used in hostile environments that require rapid reaction-response loops where it would be dangerous to send a human actor or decision-maker. Collectively these battlespace entities form a CAS which is composed of many adaptive autonomous agents coexisting in the battlespace and competing or cooperating to achieve their goals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sciortino, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4091-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4396 BP 99 EP 107 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT29M UT WOS:000172545500012 ER PT S AU Chwastyk, T Badaliance, R Gause, L Mast, P Michopoulos, J AF Chwastyk, T Badaliance, R Gause, L Mast, P Michopoulos, J BE Rychert, JT Erickson, GJ Smith, CR TI QDOE (quantitative design of experiments): Some lessons from field experience and a connection to Bayesian methods SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods (MAXENT 99) CY AUG 02-05, 1999 CL BOISE STATE UNIV, BOISE, ID HO BOISE STATE UNIV AB The purpose of this talk is to comment on the purpose of experiments and the nature of the risks associated with them. The connection of this topic to Bayesian methods is that the interpretation of the experiment is conditional on one's prior belief about how the data arose. Factors subject to prior belief include the details of the items under test, the details of test conditions, and the details of sensor arrangement and performance. An incomplete range of alternatives in these areas of the prior will lead to misinterpretation. This talk will sketch out present methods of QDOE developed by the Navy and illustrate common pitfalls as experienced in major tests. The final box score on seven such tests, designed and conducted during the period 1981 - 1996, could be given as 3-1-3. That is, using QDOE we experienced three wins (i.e., foresaw a problem and avoided it), one loss (could not recover from a problem), and three ties (ran into a problem but recovered from it). Without QDOE, despite the fact that our goals would have been less ambitious, the probable outcome even for those lower goals would have been something like 2-4-1 - many more losses. C1 USN, Composite Mat & Struct Grp, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chwastyk, T (reprint author), USN, Composite Mat & Struct Grp, Res Lab, Code 6304, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0003-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 567 BP 135 EP 154 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Physics; Mathematics GA BT70H UT WOS:000173805200008 ER PT S AU Hajian, AR Knuth, KH AF Hajian, AR Knuth, KH BE MohammadDjafari, A TI Three-dimensional morphologies of planetary nebulae SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, PT 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (MaxEnt 2000) CY JUL 08-13, 2000 CL GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE SP CNRS, Univ Paris sud, Ecole Super Electr ID EXPANSION DISTANCES; NGC-6572 AB The largest hurdle to understanding the physics or planetary nebulae is knowledge of their distances. Though measuring distances is normally a difficult problem in astronomy, measuring the distances to planetary nebulae is especially tough. The most commonly used techniques use sweeping assumptions about the population of planetary nebulae, yielding typical distance errors to these objects that are usually Larger than the distances themselves. To solve this problem, we have been directly measuring accurate expansion parallax distances to PNe. This technique requires dividing the line-of-sight Doppler expansion velocity by the angular expansion rate of the nebula,, which is measured by comparing two images separated by a time baseline of a few years. The only problem with this method is that the geometry of the PN needs to be determined - otherwise it would be impossible to reliably compare the observed tangential angular motions with measured line-or-sight velocities. Therefore, we present a new method to solve for the nebular geometry with a minimum of assumptions. The model is not limited by taking into account only geometry: ionization equilibrium has, been imposed in order to inject realistic physics contraints into the modeling process. Using this technique, we analyze new images of PNe obtained as part of the Expansion Parallax Project from the Hubble Space Telescope within the past two years. C1 USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20390 USA. RP Hajian, AR (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20390 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0004-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 568 BP 569 EP 578 PG 10 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BT83B UT WOS:000174167900053 ER PT J AU Kavanagh, CJ Schultz, MP Swain, GW Stein, J Truby, K Wood, CD AF Kavanagh, CJ Schultz, MP Swain, GW Stein, J Truby, K Wood, CD TI Variation in adhesion strength of Balanus eburneus, Crassostrea virginica and Hydroides dianthus to fouling-release coatings SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE adhesion strength; barnacle; oyster; tubeworm; silicones; fouling-release marine coatings ID BARNACLE CEMENT; ANTIFOULING COATINGS; POLYMERIZATION; SURFACES AB This study compared the shear adhesion strength of barnacles, oysters and tubeworms on eight RTV 11-based silicone fouling-release coatings containing different silicone oil additives. It was found that adhesion strength differed among species and coating types. In most cases, oysters and tubeworms had higher adhesion strengths than barnacles. Barnacle adhesion strength was reduced on all coatings containing oil additives; however, this was not generally true for oysters and tubeworms. The difference in the adhesion strength among the three organisms tested in this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the fundamental interaction between marine invertebrate adhesives and the substratum. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Oceanog & Ocean Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 155 EP 167 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 565JD UT WOS:000176365500006 ER PT J AU Karle, IL AF Karle, IL TI Controls exerted by the Aib residue: Helix formation and helix reversal SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE crystal structure analyses; helix perturbations; reversals in ambidextrous helices; solvated helix reversals; 6 -> 1 type hydrogen bonds ID SYNTHETIC PROTEIN MIMICS; RIGHT-HANDED HELICES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-HELIX; SOLUTION CONFORMATIONS; AMINO-ACID; PEPTIDE HELICES; MODULAR DESIGN; HYDROGEN-BOND; SEGMENT AB The helix forming properties of the achiral alpha-amino isobutyric residue (Aib) have been demonstrated by numerous crystal structure analyses of designed and naturally occurring peptides containing one or more Aib residues in the sequence. Experimental and computational results concerning the type of helix obtained, whether the 3(10)-helix with 4 --> 1 type hydrogen bonds or the alpha-helix with 5 --> 1 hydrogen bonds or mixtures of the two, have been published. This paper deals with residues that, if inserted into a sequence, could perturb the helix-forming propensity afforded by the presence of Aib residues. Examples of structures will be presented in which Pro, Hyp, Gly-Gly, d-Ala-Gly, and Lac have been centrally placed in the sequence. In addition to the formation of helices, detailed experimentally obtained conformation information is presented for the role of the Aib residue in reversing the sense of the helix (the Schellman motif) with the consequent formation of the 6 --> 1 type hydrogen bond or a solvated 6 --> 1 hydrogen bond. Data are presented for 13 molecules with helix reversals at the C- terminus or near the center of the sequence. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2001 VL 60 IS 5 BP 351 EP 365 DI 10.1002/bip.10174 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 579AG UT WOS:000177152800003 PM 12115146 ER PT J AU Lance, RS Freidrichs, PA Kane, C Powell, CR Pulos, E Moul, JW McLeod, DG Cornum, RL Thrasher, JB AF Lance, RS Freidrichs, PA Kane, C Powell, CR Pulos, E Moul, JW McLeod, DG Cornum, RL Thrasher, JB TI A comparison of radical retropubic with perineal prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer within the Uniformed Services Urology Research Group SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE prostatectomy; retropubic; perineal; outcome ID MARGINS AB Objective To review and compare the outcome of patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) or radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) for clinically localized prostate cancer, Patients and methods From 1988 to 1997, 1382 men who were treated by RRP and 316 by RPP were identified from databases of the Uniformed Services Urology Research Group. The following variables were assessed; age, race, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before surgery, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum, estimated blood loss (EBL), margin-positive rate, pathological stage, biochemical recurrence rate, short and long-term complication rates, impotence and incontinence rates. To eliminate selection bias, the analysis was concentrated on pairs of patients matched by race, preoperative PSA level, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason sum. Results In the 190 matched patients there were no significant differences between the RRP and RPP groups in either organ-confined (57% vs 55%), margin-positive (39% vs 43%), or biochemical recurrence rates (12.9% vs 17.6% at a mean followup of 47.1 vs 42.9 months), respectively. The mean EEL was 1575 mi, in the RRP group and 802 mt in the RPP group (P < 0.001). The only significant difference in complication rates was a higher incidence of rectal injury in the RPP group (4.9%) than in the RRP group (none, P < 0.05). Conclusions In similar populations of patients, RPP offers equivalent organ-confirmed, margin-positive and biochemical recurrence rates to RRP, while causing significantly less blood loss. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lance, RS (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 16 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.00023.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 394KF UT WOS:000166522700012 PM 11121994 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG AF DeGiorgi, VG BE Brebbia, CA Kassab, A TI Issues and needs for health monitoring of naval structures SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XIV SE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology XIV CY MAR 12-14, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cent Florida, Int Journal Engn Anal Boundary Elements AB Maintenance concepts used for U S Navy structures are outlined. Reliability centered maintenance concepts are reviewed. Basic definitions and components of systems that provide a structure with self awareness are presented. A tiered approach of fault identification that arbitrary divides damage experienced over the life of a structure into two board categories is presented. The two-tiers are defined as damage monitoring (accumulated damage over the life of the structure) and situation assessment (large scale damage due to a singe incident). C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Code 6353, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6047 BN 1-85312-861-9 J9 BOUNDR ELEMENT PY 2001 VL 3 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BS70C UT WOS:000170898800028 ER PT J AU Glendening, JW Haack, T AF Glendening, JW Haack, T TI Influence of advection differencing error upon large-eddy simulation accuracy SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE finite differencing; Galilean transformation; large-eddy; numerical error; pseudospectral ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; SUBGRID MODELS; STABILITY; SCHEMES; SYSTEM AB Accurate prediction of turbulent features by a large-eddy simulation (LES) model requires accurate numerical evaluation of the nonlinear advective terms. In the presence of a mean wind, use of second-order or fourth-order finite differencing produces large losses of turbulent energy at high wavenumbers, an inaccuracy consistent with idealized numerical properties of these schemes. The discrete differencing inaccuracies also affect the small wavenumber "large eddy'' structure and the horizontally-averaged turbulent quantities. With a high accuracy pseudospectral technique, this energy loss does not occur and spectral behaviour corresponds to filtered Kolmogorov theory predictions out to the de-aliasing cutoff wavenumber. The inaccuracy of the finite difference schemes is greatly ameliorated through a Galilean transformation of the advective term. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Glendening, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 98 IS 1 BP 127 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1018734205850 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 373CU UT WOS:000165271500006 ER PT J AU Houston, WS AF Houston, WS TI Sell your forecast! SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Pacific Grove, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390XR UT WOS:000166325500002 ER PT J AU Lester, EP Petroni, GR Barcos, M Johnson, JL Millard, FE Cooper, MR Omura, GA Frei, E Peterson, BA AF Lester, EP Petroni, GR Barcos, M Johnson, JL Millard, FE Cooper, MR Omura, GA Frei, E Peterson, BA TI Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and etoposide (CHOPE) for advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease: CALGB 8856 SO CANCER INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE advanced stage; chemotherapy; cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin; etoposide; Hodgkin's disease; prednisone; vincristine ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; HYBRID REGIMEN; DOSE INTENSITY; MOPP; THERAPY; LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA; ABVD AB Successful treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease (HD) may critically depend on dose intensity. Because mechlorethamine, Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP), aid Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) are not suitable for major dose escalation, we evaluated the activity and toxicity of combined cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and etoposide (CHOPE) in advanced HD, here used at conventional dose intensity, as a preparatory study prior to using this regimen at higher dose intensity. Ninety-two patients were treated with CHOPE (cyclophosphamide, 750mg/m(2), day 1; doxrudicin, 50mg/m(2), day 1; vincristine, 1.4mg/m(2), day 1 and 8; prednisone, 100 mg/day, days 1-5; and etoposide, 80 mg/m(2), days 1, 2, and 3) every 21 days. All had advanced HD with no prior chemotherapy with 46% stage IV, 63% with B symptoms, and 57% with bulky disease (>5 cm). Radiation and growth factor support were not permitted. Full-dose vincristine (not capped at maximum 2 mg/dose) was used in the first 33 patients. An initial cohort of 41 patients was treated with four cycles of CHOPE to evaluate safety and efficacy followed by four cycles of ABVD. A second cohort of 51 patients was treated with 6-8 cycles of CHOPE alone. Toxicity was generally acceptable and primarily hematologic, with neutrophils < 500 in 63% of cohort I and 90% of cohort II, and platelets < 25,000 in 7% of cohort I and 8% of cohort II. The long-term neurotoxicity of full-dose, high-intensity vincristine was acceptable and largely reversible. In cohort I, 92% of patients achieved a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) with four cycles of CHOPE and 85% were in CR after four additional cycles of ABVD. In cohort II, 77% achieved a CR with 6-8 cycles of CHOPE alone. FFS was 76% in cohort I and 59% in cohort II, with a median follow-up of 8.2 and 5.7 years, respectively. CHOPE, at conventional close intensity as used here, is an effective first-line regimen for the treatment advanced-stage HD and may warrant evaluation using higher closes of cyclophosphamide and etopaside with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) support. C1 Lakeland Med Ctr, St Joseph, MI USA. CALGB Biostat Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Lester, EP (reprint author), Oncol Care Associates, 820 Lester Ave, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA16450, CA32291, CA31946, CA03927, CA02599, CA47545, CA47555, CA33601, CA11789] NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0735-7907 J9 CANCER INVEST JI Cancer Invest. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1081/CNV-100103843 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 453MG UT WOS:000169919200001 PM 11458812 ER PT S AU Gupta, KM AF Gupta, KM BE Aha, DW Watson, I TI Taxonomic conversational Case-Based Reasoning SO CASE-BASED REASONING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR 2001) CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, AI-CBR, Changing Worlds, eGain, Empolis, European Coordinating Ctr, Haley Enterprise, Machine Learning Network, Naval Res Lab ID COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS AB Conversational Case-Based Reasoning (CCBR) systems engage a user in a series of questions and answers to retrieve cases that solve his/her current problem. Help-desk and interactive troubleshooting systems are among the most popular implementations of the CCBR methodology. As in traditional CBR systems, features in a CCBR system can be expressed at varying levels of abstraction. In this paper, we identify the sources of abstraction and argue that they are uncontrollable in applications typically targeted by CCBR systems. We contend that ignoring abstraction in CCBR can cause representational inconsistencies, adversely affect retrieval and conversation performance, and lead to case indexing and maintenance problems. We propose an integrated methodology called Taxonomic CCBR that uses feature taxonomies for handling abstraction to correct these problems. We describe the benefits and limitations of our approach and examine issues for future research. C1 ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. EM gupta@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42358-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2001 VL 2080 BP 219 EP 233 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU09U UT WOS:000175008700016 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Kumar, MG Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Kumar, MG Karle, IL TI A hybrid cyclic bisproline designed to adopt a beta-fold: crystal structure of cyclo(ProNHCH(2)CH(2)NHProCOCH(2)CH(2)CO) SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDES; SHEET AB The crystal structure of 14-membered cyclo(ProNHCH(2)CH(2)NHProCOCH(2)CH(2)CO) reveals the presence of an internal NH . . .O=C bond dividing the molecule into two halves of 10-membered hydrogen-bonded rings; the molecules self-assemble into cyclic dimers through a symmetrical pair of intermolecular NH . . .O=C hydrogen bonds; a layered structure is formed, alternating layers of cyclic dimers and layers of chloroform molecules, all of which make strong CH . . .O hydrogen bonds with the cyclic dimers. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 03 BP 271 EP 272 DI 10.1039/b009130h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 396KH UT WOS:000166635200023 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Kumar, MG Kishore, RSK Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Kumar, MG Kishore, RSK Karle, IL TI A unique example of a core-modified bis-proline peptide self-assembling into an infinite hydrogen-bonded beta-sheet ribbon: crystal structure of Z-ProNH(CH2)(2)NHPro-Z SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL STRUCTURES; CONFORMATION; PROTEINS AB The crystal structure of Z-ProNH(CH2)(2)NHPro-Z exhibits an extended backbone, with occurrence of both a cis and a trans conformation preceding the two prolyl residues, that self-assembles into an infinite hydrogen-bonded beta -sheet ribbon. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 03 BP 273 EP 274 DI 10.1039/b009532j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 396KH UT WOS:000166635200024 ER PT J AU Maya, EM Shirk, JS Snow, AW Roberts, GL AF Maya, EM Shirk, JS Snow, AW Roberts, GL TI Peripherally-substituted polydimethylsiloxane phthalocyanines: a novel class of liquid materials SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; INDEX AB Isotropic liquid phthalocyanine compounds with peripheral polydimethylsiloxane oligomer substitution were synthesized and found to have a unique combination of thermorefractive and nonlinear optical properties along with unusual metal substitution reactivity and aggregation behavior. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Maya, EM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Maya, Eva Maria/0000-0001-9522-0134 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2001 IS 7 BP 615 EP 616 DI 10.1039/b100574j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 420MX UT WOS:000168009700013 ER PT B AU Pique, A Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB Modi, R Young, HD Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY AF Pique, A Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB Modi, R Young, HD Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY GP IEEE IEEE TI Laser direct writing of electronic and bio-materials for rapid prototyping of novel devices SO CLEO(R)/PACIFIC RIM 2001, VOL I, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEICE Elect Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Optoelect Ind & Technol Dev Assoc AB We present a novel pulsed UV laser direct writing technique called MAPLE DW for the fabrication of electronic devices and structures of biological active species. MAPLE DW (matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write) is a soft laser forward transfer technique compatible with a broad class of materials (organic and inorganic) that takes place in air and at room temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6738-3 PY 2001 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX70U UT WOS:000186182500025 ER PT B AU Reniers, A Symonds, G Thornton, E AF Reniers, A Symonds, G Thornton, E BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Modelling of rip currents during rdex SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB Measurement data of a rip-current system are used in a comparison with model results to verify a coastal area model operating on the time scale of wave groups. The measurements were performed as part of the RDEX field experiment at Palm Beach (Australia). Continuous coverage of rip current velocities over a large number of tidal cycles was obtained, with wave conditions varying from calm to storm conditions. Video time exposures of the surf zone are used to calibrate the model dissipation coefficients by comparing the measured intensity and the computed roller energy. Selecting a subset of the measurements covering 11 days at the beginning of the experiment, the agreement with computed results is generally good. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reniers, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Spanagel Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Symonds, Graham/E-2263-2011 OI Symonds, Graham/0000-0002-7359-2057 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 493 EP 499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400050 ER PT B AU Morris, B Thornton, EB Reniers, A AF Morris, B Thornton, EB Reniers, A BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Nearshore wave and current predictions compared with field observations SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURF ZONE AB Both the effects of alongshore non-uniformities in the bathymetry and the importance of a roller dissipation mechanism in the modeling of longshore currents are examined and compared with measurements from a barred beach during the Delilah experiment. Comparisons are made with predictions from Delft3D, a depth-averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Measured cross-shore and alongshore variations of the mean longshore current are compared with the model for both uniform and measured bathymetry with and without a roller dissipation mechanism. It is demonstrated that the longshore current maximum in the trough measured during Delilah is the result of both the roller advecting momentum into the trough and alongshore pressure gradients associated with non-uniform bathymetry. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Morris, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 788 EP 797 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400081 ER PT J AU Kaplan, CR Kailasanath, K AF Kaplan, CR Kailasanath, K TI Flow-field effects on soot formation in normal and inverse methane-air diffusion flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID FLICKERING METHANE; TRANSPORT AB We investigate the effects of the flow-field configuration on the sooting characteristics of normal and inverse coflowing diffusion flames. The numerical model solves the time-dependent, compressible, reactive-flow, Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with submodels for soot formation and thermal radiation transfer. A benchmark calculation is conducted and compared with experimental data, and shows that computed peak temperatures and species concentrations differ from the experimental values by less than 10%, while the computed peak soot volume fraction differs from the experimental values by 10-40%, depending on height. Simulations are conducted for three normal diffusion flames in which the fuel/air velocities (cm/s) are 5/10, 10/10, and 10/5, and for an inverse diffusion flame (where the fuel and air ports have been reversed) with a fuel/air velocity of 10/10. The results show significant differences in the sooting characteristics of normal and inverse diffusion flames. This work supports previous conclusions from the experimental work of others. However, in addition, we use the ability of the simulations to numerically track soot parcels along pathlines to further explain the experimentally observed phenomena. In normal diffusion flames, both the peak soot volume fraction and the total mass of soot generated is several orders of magnitude greater than for inverse diffusion flames with the same fuel and air velocities. In normal diffusion flames, soot forms in the annular region on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet, while in inverse flames, the soot forms in a fuel-rich region on top of the flame sheet. Surface growth is the dominant soot formation mechanism (compared to nucleation) for both types of flames; however, surface growth rates are much faster for normal diffusion flames compared to inverse flames. Soot oxidation rates are also much faster in normal flames, where the dominant soot-oxidizing species is OH, compared to inverse flames, where the dominant soot-oxidizing species is O-2. In the inverse flames, surface growth continues after oxidation has ceased, causing the peak soot volume fraction to be sustained for a long period of time, and causing the emission of soot, even though the quantity of soot is small. Comparison of soot formation among the three normal diffusion flames shows that the peak soot volume fraction and total mass of soot generated increases as the fuel-to-air velocity ratio increases. A larger fuel-ah velocity ratio results in a longer residence time from the nucleation to the oxidation stage, allowing for more soot particle growth. When the fuel-to-oxidizer ratio decreases, there is less time for surface growth, and the particles cross the flame sheet (where they are oxidized) earlier, resulting in decreased soot volume fraction. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaplan, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2001 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00196-6 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 387AA UT WOS:000166096900020 ER PT J AU Williams, BA AF Williams, BA TI Sensitivity of calculated extinction strain rate to molecular transport formulation in nonpremixed counterflow flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2001 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00197-8 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 387AA UT WOS:000166096900024 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Liu, CT TI Effect of particle distribution on initial cracks forming from notch tips of composites with hard particles embedded in a soft matrix SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE micro-mechanics; finite element analysis (FEA); particle distribution ID PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; DAMAGE EVOLUTION AB This paper studied the size of a so-called initial crack occurring at a notch tip caused by strain concentration in a particulate composite. The composite had hard and strong particles embedded in a soft and weak matrix material. Therefore, the crack formed in the matrix material but not in particles. This study discusses a computational model and a criterion to predict lengths of initial cracks. The predicted results agree well with average values obtained from the experiments. However, the experimental data showed scattering. Zn order to understand such scattered data, the effect of particle distribution on the initial crack size was studied numerically. The study showed that a variation in particle volume fraction did not affect the crack length as long as the specimen had a uniform particle distribution. However, a local variation of particle distribution in a specimen had a significant effect on the initial crack length confirming the scattered data. The size of the localized zone was about 2 mm or less which was the smallest size of the specimen to represent the smeared homogeneous properties of the composite material. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Res Lab, OL AC, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 SI SI BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00056-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 422HZ UT WOS:000168113600004 ER PT J AU Matic, P Geltmacher, AB AF Matic, P Geltmacher, AB TI A cellular automaton-based technique for modeling mesoscale damage evolution SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cellular automaton; damage evolution; fracture ID MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; CEMENT HYDRATION; SIMULATION; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB A 2D stochastic cellular automaton model was developed to create a framework to examine the evolution of damage on the mesoscale. The model is based on an expanding representative volume element (RVE) in a cellular domain. The state of a cell, which can be either solid material or void, is determined by mapping existing voids through plastic convection and creating new damage through the cellular automaton. The cellular automaton formulation addresses the effect of damage initiation, propagation and coalescence through the iterative evaluation of individual cells based on their current state and the current states of their eight neighboring cells. The amount of damage in each time step is controlled by conservation of mass in the expanding RVE. By modifying the ratio of damage to plastic convection and the probabilities in the cellular automaton rule table, the model can generate microcrack or microvoid damage morphologies at different spatial scales. Very rapid simulations are achieved using this formulation. Thus, a wide range of material damage morphologies can be rapidly modeled in a single simulation architecture based solely on local cell geometry. However, one will be able to characterize cellular automaton rules and parameters to simulate specific constitutive models of material damage and fracture. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geltmacher, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6352,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 120 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(00)00133-6 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 401EV UT WOS:000166915100012 ER PT S AU Borg, JP Cogar, JR Tredway, S Yagla, J Zwiener, M AF Borg, JP Cogar, JR Tredway, S Yagla, J Zwiener, M BE Esteve, YV Carlomagno, GM Brebbia, CA TI Damage resulting from a high-speed projectile impacting a liquid-filled metal tank SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS X SE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements CY JUN 04-06, 2001 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Alicante, Univ Naples, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Consejo Social Univ Alicante, Gen Valenciana, Diputac Provincial Alicante AB A comprehensive experimental and computational investigation was undertaken to better understand and predict the mechanisms of damage and failure of metal tanks filled with liquid after being impacted by a single high-speed projectile. Impact tests were conducted for a variety of target/projectile orientations and aim points. The speed of the projectile varied from subsonic, relative to the sound speed of the liquid fill, to supersonic. The target tanks, composed of steel or aluminum, were filled with a variety of fluids ranging from Newtonian fluids to thickened paste. The projectiles were aluminum or lead. Tests at impact velocities up to 4.1 km/s were conducted at the University of Alabama in Huntsville Aerophysics Research Center. Orthogonal x-rays, radar, and strain and pressure gauges were used to characterize the impact event and the resulting state of the debris. Slower (subsonic) impact velocities were generated using a high-powered rifle. Experimental tests were computationally reproduced at the Naval Surface Warfare Center using CTH, an Eulerian shock physics hydrodynamic code to augment data in the test series and to validate the use of such codes for this application. Computational and experimental tests were compared to a published database of work compiled over the last 35 years. A damage criterion was selected from the database, and the independent variable set of pre-stress and kinetic energy delivered was selected for data comparison. Current tests differ from published tests in that current tests were conducted on the extreme ends of the independent variable set. Trends observed in previous tests extend through and correctly predict the damage caused to tanks on the extreme ends of the loading set. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Borg, JP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, G24, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1369-734X BN 1-85312-870-8 J9 COMPUTAT ENGN PY 2001 VL 3 BP 889 EP 902 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BS96Y UT WOS:000171527200088 ER PT S AU Kriz, J Joyner, T Wilson, T McGraner, G AF Kriz, J Joyner, T Wilson, T McGraner, G BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI Correlated, real time multi-spectral sensor test and evaluation (T&E) in an installed systems test facility (ISTF) using high performance computing SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB Military aircraft are increasingly dependent on the use of installed RF and Electro-optical sensor systems and their data correlation/fusion to contend with the increasing demands and complexities of multi-mission air warfare. Therefore, simultaneous, and correlated, ground-based T&E of multiple installed RF and Electro-optical (EO) sensors and avionics systems/subsystems is used to optimize the use of scarce flight testing resources while also satisfying increasingly sophisticated test requirements. Accordingly, it is now an accepted, and highly cost-effective practice, to first conduct rigorous ground testing and evaluation (T&E) of the installed/integrated sensors' performance and their interaction using high fidelity modeling and simulation with real time scene rendering. Accordingly, valid ground-based T&E of installed multi-spectral (RF, IR, Visible) sensors requires that the simulations' spatial, spectral and temporal components be of sufficient fidelity and correlation to produce sensor responses that are indistinguishable from responses to "real-world" conditions. This paper discusses accomplishment of the foregoing goals, and fidelity challenges through innovative utilization of High Performance Computing (HPC) parallelization, visualization, shared memory optimization and scalability for multi-spectral modeling, simulation and real time rendering. C1 USN, NAWC, AD, ACETEF, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kriz, J (reprint author), USN, NAWC, AD, ACETEF, Bldg 2109,Suite N223,Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM KrizJE@navair.navy.mil; JoynerTW@navair.navy.mil; WilsonJE2@navair.navy.mil; McgranerGL@navair.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400057 ER PT J AU Wu, C Sherrill, DC AF Wu, C Sherrill, DC TI Intelligent computer aided design, analysis, optimization, and improvement of thermodynamic systems SO COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE intelligent computer; thermodynamics; cycles; education AB An intelligent computer aided instruction (ICAI) software to aid teaching, design. and optimization of thermodynamic systems is presented, The concept of articulate virtual laboratory (AVL), the role of design, the ICAI software, and the use of AVL at the US Naval Academy are described. An example is used to demonstrate that using the ICAI software is indeed an effective method to analyze and improve thermodynamic systems design. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1061-3773 J9 COMPUT APPL ENG EDUC JI Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 4 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1002/cae.10005 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 537NB UT WOS:000174763600003 ER PT S AU Hellberg, CS AF Hellberg, CS BE Landau, DP Lewis, SP Schuttler, HB TI Low-temperature thermodynamics of quantum systems SO COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS XIII SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Workshop on Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL CTR SIMULATIONAL PHYS, ATHENS, GA HO CTR SIMULATIONAL PHYS ID 2-DIMENSIONAL HEISENBERG-MODEL; SPIN GAP BEHAVIOR; MONTE-CARLO; GROUND-STATE; CAV4O9; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPANSIONS; LATTICE AB We describe an efficient numerical technique for computing thermodynamic quantities of quantum systems at low temperatures. All low-energy eigenvalues of the system are calculated from a single Lanczos run. The method may be extended systematically to all temperatures. We apply the method to a Heisenberg model for the two-dimensional quantum disordered antiferromagnet CaV4O9. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Math Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Math Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-41190-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2001 VL 86 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Physics GA BR25T UT WOS:000165950700005 ER PT B AU Reintjes, J Tucker, JE Schultz, AV Tankersley, L Lu, C Howard, PL Sebok, T Holloway, C AF Reintjes, J Tucker, JE Schultz, AV Tankersley, L Lu, C Howard, PL Sebok, T Holloway, C GP JOAP JOAP TI Application of LaserNet Fines to mechanical wear and hydraulic monitoring SO CONDITION MONITORING 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Condition Monitoring 2001 Conference CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ST CATHERINES COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP JOAP, UKTA, US Navy, Swansea Univ, Coxmoor Publishing, FLIR Syst Int, Rockwell Automat Entek, Inst Diagnost Engineers, British Inst Non Destruct Testing HO ST CATHERINES COLL DE wear debris; diesel engine; hydraulics; shape analysis; fault identification; contamination ID PARTICLE AB LaserNet Fines (LNF) is an optically based debris monitoring technology that determines the existence, type, severity and rate of progression of mechanical faults by measuring the size, distribution, shape characteristics and rate of production of debris particles. LNF measures the size distribution of particles from 5 mum to more than 100 mum, and provides wear classification based on shape features for particles larger than 20 mum. The analysis of particles in this size range is useful for the early detection of mechanical faults in diesel and turbine engines, turbochargers and gearboxes. Additionally, it is useful for measuring particulate and water contamination in hydraulic and fuel systems. We describe the application of LNF to analysis of wear debris in a class survey of 18 medium speed diesel engines. The results show evidence of excess wear that has been identified with a fault mode related to inadequate lubrication. The fault identification has been corroborated by lab analysis of teardown components from a failed system within the class. LNF has also been used for analysis of aircraft and shipboard hydraulic systems. The use of LNF for assessing system cleanliness in terms of various hydraulic standards is demonstrated. The ability of LNF to detect, identify and quantify water concentrations and type of particles such as fiber abrasive oxide and wear particles allows not only assessment of system cleanliness but also the system health and consequences of specific contamination types. The ability to, develop fault signatures directly from LNF results, allowing root cause analysis, estimates of fault severity, recommendation of remedial action and prognostics will be explored. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reintjes, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COXMOOR PUBLISHING CO PI CHIPPING NORTON PA PO BOX 72, CHIPPING NORTON OX7 6JU, ENGLAND BN 1-90189-214-X PY 2001 BP 300 EP 311 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW26W UT WOS:000181392600028 ER PT S AU Needham, D Wilson, R Shaw, K AF Needham, D Wilson, R Shaw, K BE Clausen, H Diethelm, MA Helal, A Malik, N Ullah, N Wilson, LF Xue, G TI An analysis of a CORBA-based approach to accessing geospatial information via the Internet SO CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING, AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Comp Soc ID OO AB Access to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA's) Vector Product Format data is essential to the evolution of digital mapping products. Currently, users of NIMA data must have software to view the data resident on their own computer systems, and must obtain the data on CD-ROM or other storage media. This paper examines the design of an object-oriented (OO) digital mapping database prototype called the Geospatial information Database (GIDB). The GIDB provides accessibility to NIMA mapping data over the Internet in a CORBA-compliant manner. We describe a software solution to create a thin client product to enable viewing and manipulation of NIMA mapping data, and utilize n-tier concepts for data manipulation on the server side. We discuss difficulties encountered during the modeling and implementation stages of our development of the GIDB, as well as examine improvements made to increase the efficiency of our system. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 0-7803-7001-5 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2001 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1109/IPCCC.2001.918657 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BS21W UT WOS:000169105200029 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW AF Therrien, CW BE Matthews, MB TI Issues in multirate statistical signal processing SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID FILTER AB The statistical analysis of random signals and noise is traditionally carried out under the assumption of wide sense stationarity. In the processing of signals through systems at multiple data rates, even local stationarity is not always a valid assumption. While a stationary discrete-time signal that is down-sampled at a multiple of the original sampling rate retains wide sense stationarity, the same may not be true for a signal that is interpolated and processed at a higher rate. Such multirate signals however exhibit cyclostationarity and can be optimally processed by periodically time-varying systems. This paper discusses some issues in the theory of multirate random signals, and suggests some structures for optimal filtering for combinations of these signals. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2001.986988 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500103 ER PT S AU Pace, PE AF Pace, PE BE Matthews, MB TI Adaptive power-managed FMCW emitter detection performance against low-RCS ships SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The design of a modern 9.3 GHz homodyne triangular-FMCW emitter for detection of low radar cross section (RCS) ships is described. Both search- and track-mode processing are described including a description of transmit and receive waveforms. Tradeoffs in emitter design are examined as a function of the modulation bandwidth. To predict target detection capability, clutter and target models are developed as the emitter is flown at 300 m/s in a scenario that starts at a range of 15 nmi from the target. To evaluate the feasibility of detecting low RCS ships at the horizon, a low-RCS ship design is examined. Each sea state (0-4) is characterized by using a second-order polynomial that describes the normalized mean sea backscatter coefficient as a function of the grazing angle. The emitter transmit power is adapted in time to measure the target characteristics. The emitter transmit power level is consistent with the RCS and range to the target while keeping a target-to-clutter power ratio at 20 dB. For detection analysis, 50, 100 and 500 m(2) RCS values are considered. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 639 EP 643 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2001.987001 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500116 ER PT S AU Ives, RW AF Ives, RW BE Matthews, MB TI Near-lossless compression of SAR imagery using gradient adaptive lattice filters SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data collections can cover large areas at high resolution, generating massive amounts of data. Many effective compression techniques exist that can reduce the volume of data for storage and transmission with slight loss of information. This paper addresses a near-lossless three-stage SAR compression scheme. The first stage uses a gradient adaptive lattice filter to decorrelate the data. In the second stage, the residue is then subject to quantization. Finally, the quantized residue is entropy coded. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 663 EP 666 DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2001.987007 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500121 ER PT S AU Celik, M Kenter, Y Cooper, A Pieper, R AF Celik, M Kenter, Y Cooper, A Pieper, R BE Matthews, MB TI Aliasing effects in thermal images of four-bar patterns below and above the Nyquist limit SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A new virtual thermal image-processing model is introduced in this paper. This visualization program is based on earlier modeling work focused on predicting the minimum resolvable temperature (MRTD), which is a standard performance measure for forward looking infrared radar (FLIR) imaging systems. Relevant filtering, noise and sampling processes are included in the visualization model. In this paper it will be demonstrated and explained that aliasing effects in thermal images of four-bar patterns cannot in general he adequately modeled as noise. In particular, the simulation experiments demonstrate that aliasing can have a noticeable visual enhancing effect at spatial bar frequencies less than the Nyquist limit. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Celik, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 1171 EP 1174 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500215 ER PT S AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO BE Matthews, MB TI Computability constraints in space-time delta-sigma Arrays SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Modern array-based RF systems require linear amplification to preserve the spectral integrity of simultaneously transmitted signals. Recently delta-sigma modulation jointly in space and time has been proposed to provide this linearity when paired with an emerging class of high-power switches. Since delta-sigma modulation involves a feedback loop, computability requirements restrict the class of possible loop filters. We examine several different computability restrictions and their effect on system performance in terms of quantization noise suppression and parallelization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 1283 EP 1287 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500236 ER PT S AU Hatzichristos, G Fargues, MP AF Hatzichristos, G Fargues, MP BE Matthews, MB TI A hierarchical approach to the classification of digital modulation types in multipath environments SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 04-07, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Mission Res Corp, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE classification; neural network; higher-order statistics; modulation AB This study presents a hierarchical approach to the classification of digital modulation schemes of types [2,4,8]-PSK, [2,4,8]-FSK and [16,64,256]-QAM in various SNR levels and multipath propagation channel conditions. A tree-based classification approach is selected as it leads to a relatively simple overall scheme with a few higher-order statistics parameters selected as discriminating features. Back-propagation neural network decision units are adopted at each tree node to offer the flexibility needed to cope with varying propagation environments for all schemes considered, except for specific MQAM types, which are discriminated via equalization algorithms. Extensive simulations are conducted in various multipath environments, and show overall classification performances to be strongly affected by the amount of multipath distortion and noise in the transmission channels. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept ECE, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hatzichristos, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept ECE, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-7147-X J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2001 BP 1494 EP 1498 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BU76K UT WOS:000176951500276 ER PT J AU Mostovych, AN Chan, Y Schmitt, A Sethian, JD AF Mostovych, AN Chan, Y Schmitt, A Sethian, JD TI Compression of deuterium to extreme pressures with laser driven shock-reflection experiments SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL GREIFSWALD, GERMANY ID LIQUID DEUTERIUM; STATE MEASUREMENTS; EQUATION; HYDROGEN; HUGONIOT; HOT AB Laser-driven shock experiments have been used to study the Equation-of-State (EOS) properties of liquid deuterium in the pressure range of 100-600Gpa. Reflected shocks are utilized to increase the shock pressure and to enhance the sensitivity to differences in compressibility. The results of these experiments differ substantially from the predictions of the Sesame EOS. EOS models showing large dissociation effects and having a greater compressibility (up to factor of 2) agree with the data. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Mostovych, AN (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<279::AID-CTPP279>3.3.CO;2-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 412FW UT WOS:000167545200042 ER PT B AU Lean, J AF Lean, J BE Lopez, RJG Rebolo, R Osorio, MRZ TI The variability of the sun: From the visible to the X-rays SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY OCT 04-08, 1999 CL PUERTO LA CRUZ, SPAIN SP Spains Minist Educ & Cultura, Univ La Laguna, Cabildo Tenerife, Canaries Local Govt ID IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; SOLAR; MODEL AB The entire solar spectrum, from the visible to the X-rays, varies continuously, in response to the changing presence of magnetic fields in the Sun's atmosphere. Prominent irradiance cycles occur at 27 days and 11 years with amplitudes that are strongly wavelength dependent, the X-ray fluxes varying by about four orders of magnitude more than the visible spectrum. Empirical models reproduce much of the observed spectrum variability by parameterizing selected magnetic features. It remains uncertain whether unspecified variability mechanisms or undetected instrument drifts cause discrepancies that exist between the models and measurements at some wavelengths. Long-term evolution of solar activity is surmised to generate irradiance variability at all wavelengths, larger in past centuries than witnessed in two decades of observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-056-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 223 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS48R UT WOS:000170040600010 ER PT J AU Sedriks, AJ Dudt, PJ AF Sedriks, AJ Dudt, PJ TI Corrosion resistance, coating, and magnetic property issues of nonmagnetic austenitic stainless steels for ship hulls SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE austenitic stainless steel; cathodic protection; coatings; crevice corrosion; delta ferrite; nonmagnetic; pitting; seawater; ship hulls; stress corrosion cracking; weldments ID SEAWATER AB This article reviews the issues relating to corrosion behavior, coating technology, and magnetic properties of certain austenitic stainless steels being considered as candidate materials for the nonmagnetic advanced double hulls of future U.S. Navy combatants. The issues are discussed by considering the properties of the domestically produced stainless steels AISI Type 316 (UNS S31600), Nitronic 50 (UNS S20910), and AL 6XN (UNS N08367) and the German Navy's experience with the German stainless steel 1.3964.9, which has been used extensively as a nonmagnetic hull material for their submarines and mine countermeasure vessels. The article also identifies the need for an environmentally acceptable coating system capable of preventing crevice corrosion at the crevice formed between the stainless steel and the paint film Issues needing clarification by further research and testing are noted. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sedriks, AJ (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565EG UT WOS:000176355600011 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA Kruger, J AF Shifler, DA Kruger, J BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI The influence of selected organic solvents on the passivity and breakdown of common alloys SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div DE propylene carbonate; dimethoxyethane; passivity; organic solvents; aprotic solvents; carbon steel; iron; nickel; stainless steel; nonaqueous passivity ID ANHYDROUS PROPYLENE CARBONATE; PITTING CORROSION; STAINLESS-STEEL; DIMETHOXYETHANE; PLATINUM; WATER; 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE; RADIOTRACER; METALS AB Though the reactions that occur in aqueous solutions have been characterized extensively, reactions that transpire in aprotic media has not been well documented. Numerous factors influence the stability and character of the passive films formed on metals and alloys in neutral dipolar, aprotic solutions such as propylene carbonate (PC) and/or dimethoxyethane (DME). The character of the passive films on metals and alloys such as Fe, 1018 carbon steel, Ni, Ni-200, and 304 stainless steel will influence the possible mechanistic paths and the potential regions where passivity is effective for these materials. Passive films in aprotic media will be observed and compared to events in aqueous solutions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 613, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700010 ER PT S AU Shifler, DA AF Shifler, DA BE Sinclair, JD Frankenthal, RP Kalman, E Plieth, W TI Interactions of high-temperature coatings in hot corrosion environments SO CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Int Soc Electrochem, Corros Div DE high temperature coatings; aluminide coatings; sulfidation; hot corrosion; interdiffusion; segregation; transport; diffusion ID MODIFIED ALUMINIDE COATINGS; SUPERALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; INTERDIFFUSION AB High-temperature coatings such as MCrAlY or aluminide coatings are used to protect metallic substrates from corrosion in various corrosive applications like gas turbines and incinerators. The oxides formed on these coatings are either dependent on the alloy substrate compositions or the processing parameters and chemistries. Aluminide coatings are formed by several processes to protect superalloys and depend primarily on the stability of aluminum oxide for its degree of protection in high-temperature environments. Aluminide coatings that provide excellent oxidation resistance may fail catastrophically in a environment where hot corrosion can occur. Recent efforts to reduce operational costs by using less expensive fuels in marine gas turbines may seriously impact the performance of current and anticipated high-temperature protective coatings. The increasing desire to raise temperatures in different high-temperature applications may require the development and implementation of alternative, more corrosion-resistant coatings. This paper will examine the compositional and structural variations of some of these protective coatings and their interactions with several corrosive species found in gas turbine and/or waste incinerator environments and offer some suggestions to improve the hot corrosion-resistance of protective, barrier coatings. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 613, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-355-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 22 BP 637 EP 644 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV99L UT WOS:000180622700077 ER PT J AU Little, B Ray, R AF Little, B Ray, R TI A review of fungal influenced corrosion SO CORROSION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DEGRADATION; PETROLEUM AB Fungal influenced corrosion is reviewed for carbon steel and aluminum fuel tanks; carbon steel cables; and painted and unpainted ship holds containing wet and dry cargos, including wood, molasses, fatty oils and cereal. Deterioration of fiber-reinforced composites and glass has also been attributed to fungal species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Little, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-6005 J9 CORROS REV JI Corros. Rev. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 401 EP 417 PG 17 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 505CG UT WOS:000172893300001 ER PT B AU Sadananda, K Feng, CR AF Sadananda, K Feng, CR BE Parker, JD TI Anamalous grain size dependence of creep in molydisilicides SO CREEP AND FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures CY APR 01-04, 2001 CL UNIV WALES SWANSEA, SWANSEA, WALES HO UNIV WALES SWANSEA ID MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE COMPOSITES; MOSI2; BEHAVIOR; INTERMETALLICS; BERYLLIDE; SILICIDES AB Creep deformation of MoSi2 has been investigated under compression at temperatures at 1200degreesC. Compression specimens showed three regimes of creep; a Newtonian viscous regime at low stresses, power-law creep at intermediate stresses and breakdown of power-law at high stresses. The most unusual behavior observed under compression was the large grain size dependence. The grain size exponent is Greater than four, which is unusually high. Furthermore, this large grain size dependence persists in the power-law creep regime. Most importantly these grain-size effects are history-dependent. Specimens that were deformed previously in the Newtonian viscous regime fail to show this grain size dependence in the power-law regime. This large grain-size dependence in power-law regime is accounted due to the deformation constraints introduced by crystal structure and diffusion kinetics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOM COMMUNICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND BN 1-86125-144-0 PY 2001 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT88K UT WOS:000174346700015 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI Israel and the Palestinians: The bitter fruits of hegemonic peace SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 100 IS 642 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 387JK UT WOS:000166119300003 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Dasarathy, BV TI Knowledge discovery through games and game theory SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Theory, Tools, and Technology III CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; expert systems; game theory ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM; FUZZY AB A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack CEA) resources in realtime over many dissimilar platforms. The platforms can be very general, e.g., ships, planes, robots, land based facilities, etc. Potential foes the platforms deal with can also be general. The initial version of the algorithm was optimized using a genetic algorithm employing fitness functions constructed based on expertise. A new approach is being explored that involves embedding the resource manager in a electronic game environment. The game allows a human expert to play against the resource manager in a simulated battlespace with each of the defending platforms being exclusively directed by the fuzzy resource manager and the attacking platforms being controlled by the human expert or operating autonomously under their own logic. This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge, it calls a data mining function, a genetic algorithm, for data mining of the data base as required. The game allows easy evaluation of the information mined in the second step. The measure of effectiveness (MOE) for reoptimization is discussed. The mined information is extremely valuable as shown through demanding scenarios. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4079-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4384 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.421063 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BS37H UT WOS:000169645100011 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Abdelguerfi, M Wilson, R Breckenridge, J McCreedy, F Shaw, KB AF Ladner, R Abdelguerfi, M Wilson, R Breckenridge, J McCreedy, F Shaw, KB BE Mayr, HC Lazansky, J Quirchmayr, G Vogel, P TI A framework for databasing 3D synthetic environment data SO DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL TECH UNIV MUNICH, MUNICH, GERMANY SP DEXA Assoc, Austrian Comp Soc, Res Inst Appl Knowledge Processing HO TECH UNIV MUNICH AB Since 1994 the Digital Mapping, Charting and Geodesy Analysis Program at the Naval Research Laboratory has been developing an object-oriented spatial and temporal database, the Geographic Information Database (GIDB(TM)). Recently, we have expanded our research in the spatial database area to include three-dimensional synthetic environment (3D SE) data. This work has focused on investigating an extension to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA's) current Vector Product Format (VPF) known as VPF+. This paper overviews the GIDB and describes the data structures of VPF+ and a prototyped 3D synthetic environment using VPF+. The latter was designed as a 3D Geographic Information System (3D-GIS) that would assist the U.S. Marine Corps with mission preparation and also provide onsite awareness in urban areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42527-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2113 BP 432 EP 441 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV76H UT WOS:000179961300042 ER PT S AU Cheng, N Berzins, V Luqi Bhattacharya, S AF Cheng, N Berzins, V Luqi Bhattacharya, S BE Bhalla, S TI JAVA wrappers for automated interoperability SO DATABASES IN NETWORKED INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Databases in Networked information Systems CY DEC 04-06, 2000 CL UNIV AIZU, AIZU WAKAMATSU, JAPAN SP Int Affairs Comm, Univ Aizu HO UNIV AIZU AB This paper concentrates on the issues related to implementation of interoperability between distributed subsystems, particularly in the context of reengineering and integration of several centralized legacy systems. Currently, most interoperability techniques require the data or services to be tightly coupled to a particular server. Furthermore, as most programmers are trained in designing stand-alone application, developing distributed system proves to be time-consuming and difficult. Here, we addressed those concerns by creating an interface wrapper model that allows developers to treat distributed objects as local objects. A tool that automatically generates the features of Java interface wrapper from a specification language called the Prototyping System Description Language has been developed based on the model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheng, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41395-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 1966 BP 45 EP 64 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS88F UT WOS:000171312900004 ER PT J AU Razeghi, M Erdtmann, M Jelen, C Diaz, J Guastavino, F Park, YS AF Razeghi, M Erdtmann, M Jelen, C Diaz, J Guastavino, F Park, YS TI Long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared detectors; quantum well infrared detectors; QWIP detectors; QWIP imaging arrays; multiquantum well structures; two-colour detectors; LWIR detectors ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; NOISE PERFORMANCE; CONDUCTION-BAND; EFFECTIVE-MASS; INP; ELECTRON; INGAALAS; HETEROSTRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES; DEPENDENCE AB A majority of IR sensors used for imaging arrays operating in the long-wavelength IR region between 8 mum-12 mum are based on mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe). This material system is unable to satisfy all the requirements imposed by modem applications. Structural difficulties due to poor uniformity, high defect densities, and weak bond strengths cause difficulties in manufacturing large IR focal plane array cameras. As an alternative, quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) utilising intersubband absorption between gallium arsenide (GaAs) wells and aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) barriers were perfected. These QWIPs possess better uniformity in comparison to HgCdTe detectors, and QWIP imaging arrays have recently become commercially available. However, the responsivity of GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs is still lower than HgCdTe detectors. To further improve the responsivity of QWIP detectors; QWIPs with wells or barriers of GalnAsP instead of AlGaAs have been developed. Results of QWIPs made from the material systems GaAs/GaInP, GaInAs(P)/InP, (Al)Ga/InAs/InP, and GalnAs/AlInAs have been discussed. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 35 EP 52 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 401XL UT WOS:000166954300003 ER PT S AU Mintmire, JW White, CT AF Mintmire, JW White, CT BE VanDoren, V VanAlsenoy, C Geerlings, P TI Density-functional simulations of carbon nanotubes SO DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MATERIALS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Density Functional Theory and its Applications to Materials CY JUN 08-10, 2000 CL ANTWERP, BELGIUM SP FWO, Flem Sci Fdn, Res Program Bilater Sci & Technol, Hungary Flem Comm, FWO Res Community, Unesco Centrum Vlaanderen, ExxonMobil, PQR, Janssen Pharmaceut ID NANOSCALE GRAPHITIC TUBULES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OF-STATES; MICROTUBULES; CONFORMATION; MOLECULES; ENERGY AB A wealth of experimental and theoretical research over the previous decade has demonstrated the anomalous properties of carbon nanotubes, a novel material synthesized in the previous decade and having great potential application to nanotechnology. We review our local-density functional approach for helical chain polymers that has been used extensively to study the electronic and structural properties of carbon nanotubes as well as other technologically important polymers. We provide detailed first-principles results for the density of states of carbon nanotubes supporting the validity of a simple Huckel-level picture of their Fermi level properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mintmire, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0016-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 577 BP 98 EP 116 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BS97L UT WOS:000171562800007 ER PT J AU Boyer, JD Zitelli, JA Brodland, DG AF Boyer, JD Zitelli, JA Brodland, DG TI Undermining in cutaneous surgery SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CLOSING TENSION; SKIN; EXPANSION; TIPS AB BACKGROUND. Benefits, risks, and technical aspects of undermining in cutaneous surgery are presented and reviewed in order to facilitate the execution of this fundamental task of cutaneous surgery. METHODS. The authors' extensive experience with thousands of cutaneous reconstructions and literature consultation form the basis of this review. RESULTS. Literature review and practical experience indicate that undermining reduces wound closing tension. pertinent anatomic considerations, benefits, risks, as well as sharp and blunt undermining techniques and regional undermining recommendations are discussed. CONCLUSIONS. It is concluded that judicious undermining, properly performed by surgeons knowledgeable of cutaneous anatomy facilitates the execution and enhances cosmesis in cutaneous reconstruction. It is the authors' opinion that sharp undermining technique is the optimal method for most cutaneous reconstructions. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Boyer, JD (reprint author), 5920 Johnson Ave, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.00109.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 399DN UT WOS:000166796100021 PM 11231251 ER PT S AU Allen, GI Matthews, R Wynn, M AF Allen, GI Matthews, R Wynn, M BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Integration of the real-time tracking gradiometer (RTG) aboard the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) morpheus SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Autonomous Underwater Vehicle; magnetic localization; mapping; tracking; gradiometer; fluxgate AB In keeping with the Navy's policy to remove humans from harms way, the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is replacing human divers for many missions. The Advanced Marine Systems Lab at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) has developed a small, magnetically friendly, modular plastic AUV called Morpheus designed for coastal applications and especially suited for very shallow water (VSW) mine reconnaissance. Currently employed sensor technologies on AUVs have certain deficiencies and limitations when used across the wide gamut of naval targets and environments, and a strong requirement exists for a sensor or sensors to fill these niches. The Real-the Tracking Gradiometer (RTG) selected for this integration is truly such a niche sensor because its capabilities are not degraded by media interfaces or environmental conditions. It is an experimental prototype fluxgate magnetometer array developed by Quantum Magnetics for the Coastal Systems Station (CSS) and was designed to be man portable and self contained. While limited by physics in detection range, it is capable of detecting ferrous targets under the worst environmental conditions, even when the target is buried. While not having the range of sonar, the RTG does not respond to the false alarms that are indicated by sonar, and since it is capable of also providing range and bearing information, it provides an invaluable niche filling classification tool. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Allen, GI (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.445428 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500008 ER PT S AU Taylor, JS Petee, DA Tinsley, KR Pham, CN Holloway, JH Suiter, HR McCarley, KA Seales, T Kenton, AC Hilton, RJ AF Taylor, JS Petee, DA Tinsley, KR Pham, CN Holloway, JH Suiter, HR McCarley, KA Seales, T Kenton, AC Hilton, RJ BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Laboratory characterization and field testing of the tunable filter multispectral camera SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; intensified video camera; tunable filter; calibration; polarization; Joint Mine Detection Technology AB The Coastal Systems Station, in concert with Xybion(+) Corporation, has developed a tunable-filter multispectral imagingsensor for use in airborne reconnaissance. The sensor was completed in late 1999, and laboratory characterization and field-testing has been conducted since. The Tunable Filter Multispectral Camera (TFMC) is an intensified, gated, and tunable multispectral imaging camera that provides three simultaneous channels of 10-bit digital and 8-bit analog video from the near-UV to the near-IR. Exposure and gain can be automatically or manually controlled for each channel, and response has been linearized for approximate radiometric use. Additionally, each of the three channels has a separate programmable liquid-crystal tunable filter (LCTF) with a selectable center wavelength and retardance that both can be changed at video frame rates of 30 Hz. There are 128 different selectable wavelength settings to which can be applied 100 different retardances (affecting polarization) for each of three channels. This paper will present setups, analysis methods, and preliminary results for both the laboratory characterization and field-testing of the TFMC. Laboratory objectives include measures of sensitivity, noise, and linearity. Field testing objectives include obtaining the camera response as the lighting conditions approached sunset of a clear day, signal-to-clutter ratios for a multiplicity of channel wavelength combinations and polarizations against several backgrounds, and resolution performance in field-conditions. C1 USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Div Dahlgren, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Div Dahlgren, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 1247 EP 1258 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500120 ER PT S AU Crosby, FJ Holloway, JH Holmes, VT Kenton, AC AF Crosby, FJ Holloway, JH Holmes, VT Kenton, AC BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Background adaptive multispectral band selection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE background scene categorization; multispectral target detection; tunable filter multispectral camera; wavelength tuning algorithm AB An initial automated band selection algorithm suitable for real-time application with tunable multispectral cameras is presented for multispectral target detection. The method and algorithm were developed from analyses of several background and target signatures collected from a field test using the prototype Tunable Filter Multispectral Camera (TFMC). Target and background data from TFMC imagery were analyzed to determine the detection performance of 32,768 unique 3-band channel combinations in the visible through and near infrared spectral regions. This tuning knowledge base was analyzed to develop rules for an initial dynamic tuning algorithm. The performance data was sorted by conventional means to determine the best 3-band combinations. Methods were then developed to determine performance enhancing band sets for particular backgrounds and a variety of targets. This knowledge is then used in an algorithm to affect a real-time 3-band tuning capability. Additional band sets for real-time background categorization are chosen by both the ability to spectrally detect of one background from another. This work will illustrate an example of the performance results from the analysis for three targets on various backgrounds. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, FJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 1259 EP 1270 DI 10.1117/12.445455 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500121 ER PT B AU O'Grady, WE Natishan, PM Stoner, BR Hagans, PL AF O'Grady, WE Natishan, PM Stoner, BR Hagans, PL BE Swain, GM Davidson, JL Angus, JC Ando, T Brown, WD TI The use of boron-doped diamond electrodes for the electrochemical oxidation of phenol SO DIAMOND MATERIALS VII, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Diamond Materials CY SEP 07, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; BEHAVIOR; REDUCTION; MEDIA AB Boron-doped diamond electrodes prepared by both filament assisted and microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition were used to determine if phenol could be oxidized with out producing reaction products that foul the electrode. On the microwave assisted CVD samples cyclic voltammetry showed that phenol was oxidized and the diamond electrodes remained electroactive after multiple cycles. Samples prepared by filament assisted CVD showed good activity for the oxidation in the initial cyclic of phenol but in the second cycle was almost completely inactive. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP O'Grady, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stoner, Brian/D-9747-2011 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-358-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2002 IS 25 BP 1 EP + PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW04Q UT WOS:000180722400001 ER PT B AU Park, JS Montrose, B Froscher, JN AF Park, JS Montrose, B Froscher, JN GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Tools for information security assurance arguments SO DISCEX'01: DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION II, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX II) CY JUN 12-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Def Adv Res Project Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Secur & Privacy AB To design a system that can be trusted or assess security properties in a system, the related assurance arguments, need to be developed and described effectively in an understandable way. To meet this pressing need, we have developed a prototype tool, VNRM (Visual Network Rating Methodology), to help users develop a map to assurance arguments and document it with related descriptions in a common environment. This map depicts the claim trees for the assurance arguments related to the enterprise security objective. VNRM supports ECM (Enterprise Certification Methodology) for deriving and organizing the related assurance arguments effectively and uses CAML (Composite Assurance Mapping Language) for describing the assurance arguments in the map. After the successful development of VNRM, we have started to develop a more robust tool, SANE (Security Assurance Navigation and Environment), providing more features, reusability of assurance arguments, and access control to CAML maps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jpark@itd.nrl.navy.mil; montrose@itd.nrl.navy.mil; froscher@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1212-7 PY 2001 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT92R UT WOS:000174462900027 ER PT J AU Pugh, KG Wei, JY AF Pugh, KG Wei, JY TI Clinical implications of physiological changes in the aging heart SO DRUGS & AGING LA English DT Article ID SYSTOLIC BLOOD-PRESSURE; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-SYSTEM; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE; DIASTOLIC FUNCTION; OLDER ADULTS; CELL-DEATH; AGE; FAILURE AB Elderly individuals experience a disproportionate burden from cardiovascular disease. Global changes in aging will have a significant impact on the future of medical practice, However, most physicians have little formal training in geriatric medicine and sometimes fail to distinguish disease states from normal aging, Increasingly, it is recognised that a sedentary lifestyle may be responsible for a large fraction of the so-called 'age-related' changes in the cardiovascular system. Nonetheless, well characterised changes do occur in most individuals with aging. Loss of myocytes with subsequent hypertrophy of the remaining cells is usually observed. Calcification involving the conduction and valvular apparatus is seen in most elderly individuals and may predispose to the common arrhythmias of old age. Age-related loss of arterial compliance contributes to isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Despite these changes, for the majority of healthy older adults, cardiac output is well maintained in the basal state through use of the Frank-Starling principle, in the setting of reduced early diastolic filling. Myocardial relaxation is slowed in part due to age-related changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump. Elevated blood levels of catecholamines contribute to desensitisation to noradrenergic stimulation and this is associated with an age-related decline in maximum achievable heart rate. Changes in the baroreceptor reflex function and decreased sodium conservation may predispose some individuals to orthostatic and postprandial hypotension. The aetiology of cardiovascular aging is under intense study. The most likely mechanisms involve the result of cumulative damage mediated through a variety of insults. Oxidative stress, non-enzymatic glycation, inflammation and changes in cardiovascular gene expression all seem to influence cardiovascular aging. The benefits of exercise continue to be discovered. Endurance-type training has been shown to have a dramatic impact on parameters of cardiovascular aging. Favourable effects are seen in maximum oxygen consumption, diastolic filling, relaxation and arterial stiffness. Some changes such as the maximum heart rate response do not appear to change with conditioning. Pharmacotherapy may afford the opportunity to influence the aging process. Drugs that can reduce age-associated arterial stiffness, cardiac fibrosis and ventricular hypertrophy should prove useful. Antioxidants continue to be a topic of great interest and require more study. Despite some well described changes with aging, most elderly individuals maintain the opportunity fur improved cardiovascular function through conditioning. Early recognition and treatment of diseases that an distinguishable from normal aging, including hypertension and atherosclerosis, together with preventive efforts, should reduce the predicted trends in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among the aged. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Wei, JY (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gerontol, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08812, AG13314, AG18388] NR 76 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-229X J9 DRUG AGING JI Drugs Aging PY 2001 VL 18 IS 4 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.2165/00002512-200118040-00004 PG 14 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 427NP UT WOS:000168412700004 PM 11341474 ER PT B AU Linton, MG AF Linton, MG BE Hanslmeier, A Messerotti, M Veronig, A TI Multi-mode kink instability as a mechanism for delta-spot formation SO DYNAMIC SUN, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer School and Workshop on the Dynamic Sun CY AUG 30-SEP 10, 1999 CL SOLAR OBSERV KANZELHOHE, KARNTEN, AUSTRIA HO SOLAR OBSERV KANZELHOHE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6915-7 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2001 VL 259 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS47J UT WOS:000169962800030 ER PT S AU Mostovych, AN Aglitskiy, Y Bodner, SE Chan, Y Colombant, DG Deniz, AV Feldman, U Gardner, JH Karasik, M Klapisch, M Lehmberg, RH McLean, EA Obenschain, SP Pawley, CJ Phillips, L Schmitt, AJ Seely, JF Sethian, JD Stamper, JA Velikovich, A Weaver, JL AF Mostovych, AN Aglitskiy, Y Bodner, SE Chan, Y Colombant, DG Deniz, AV Feldman, U Gardner, JH Karasik, M Klapisch, M Lehmberg, RH McLean, EA Obenschain, SP Pawley, CJ Phillips, L Schmitt, AJ Seely, JF Sethian, JD Stamper, JA Velikovich, A Weaver, JL BE Kalal, M Rohlena, K Sinor, M TI The Nike direct-drive ICF program SO ECLIM 2000: 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON LASER INTERACTION WITH MATTER SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000) CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE ICF; KrF; fusion; Nike; RT instability; laser imprint; ISI; direct drive; energy ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR GROWTH; STATE MEASUREMENTS; TRANSITION-ARRAYS; LASER FUSION; EQUATION; MODEL; HOT; HYDROGEN AB The Nike program coordinates experimental and theoretical efforts to evaluate and verify the physics base needed to proceed with direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. The program emphasizes the use of KrF laser drivers because of their demonstrated ultra-smooth target illumination and high absorption efficiency but is also applicable to short-wavelength glass laser drivers. Currently, the Nike program is concentrating on the problem of increasing the gain of direct-drive target designs while simultaneously minimizing the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities. Advanced target designs have been identified which achieve low isentropic compression while reducing RT instability through the use of tuned soft x-ray or shock preheating of the target ablator. Experiments measure the growth and saturation of the ablative RT instability and its modification as a result of tuning of the ablator isentrope and variations in laser imprinting. The important fundamental processes are also investigated in individual experiments to measure the emission and transport of x-ray radiation, the equations-of-state of deuterium, foams, and other relevant materials, as well as the acceleration of cryogenic filled foams. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4131-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4424 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.425585 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS27E UT WOS:000169324100003 ER PT S AU Colombant, DG Gardner, JH Schmitt, AJ Bodner, SE Klapisch, M Obenschain, SP Phillips, L AF Colombant, DG Gardner, JH Schmitt, AJ Bodner, SE Klapisch, M Obenschain, SP Phillips, L BE Kalal, M Rohlena, K Sinor, M TI New Direct-Drive radiation preheated high-gain target designs for laser fusion SO ECLIM 2000: 26TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON LASER INTERACTION WITH MATTER SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th European Conference on Laser Interactions with Matter (ECLIM 2000) CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys DE inertial confinement fusion; target design; direct drive ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INCOHERENCE AB A new target design has been proposed which displays a high gain (similar to 125) at 1.3 MJ laser energy and improved Rayleigh-Taylor stability with a KrF laser system. The laser contrast ratio in this case is around 250 and the laser pulse lengths is around 28 ns, For a system like NIF, where the contrast ratio is limited to about 100, where no zooming is planned, where the laser pulse length is limited to less than 20 ns and 1/3 pm is the laser light wavelength, we have looked at targets using radiation preheat. Wt have designed targets for this application and investigated mm fully the trade-off between gain and stability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colombant, DG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4131-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4424 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.425599 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BS27E UT WOS:000169324100042 ER PT B AU Carruthers, TF Lou, JW AF Carruthers, TF Lou, JW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI 80-to 10-Gb/s clock recovery using an electro-optic phase-locked loop SO ECOC'01: 27TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 01) CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2001 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP COBRA, JDS Uniphast, KPN, Lucent Technologies ID SPEED AB A Mach-Zehnder modulator is used as an electro-optic phase detector to look a local oscillator to the 10-GHz base rate of an 80-Gb/s time-division multiplexed data stream. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carruthers, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6705-7 PY 2001 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU50Y UT WOS:000176202000128 ER PT B AU Stamm, J Sarkar, T Kolundzija, B Salazar-Palma, M AF Stamm, J Sarkar, T Kolundzija, B Salazar-Palma, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Analysis of transmission line structures using a dynamic analysis through WIPL-D SO ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB In packaging systems it is necessary to compute radiation from printed circuits. Analysis of radiation from printed circuits is quite difficult because the codes that are generally used for far fast efficient calculation of transients on these systems due to different loads are often not capable of analyzing radiation. On the other hand, dynamic solutions that calculate radiation from printed circuits often require large computational resources as it needs to calculate the electric fields from structures that are very closely spaced and thus require significant computational accuracy. What we show is that using entire domain basis one can provide accurate dynamic solutions for transmission like structures. Because in this expansion one uses an entire domain basis, the charge along the structure is continuous and therefore provides accurate values of the near fields. Typically in using an entire domain basis one can reduce the size of the matrix on large structures typically by a factor of ten. Hence large packaging problems can be solved using modest computational resources quite efficiently. Numerical results are presented to illustrate these principles. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Stamm, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7024-4 PY 2001 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1109/EPEP.2001.967610 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT41L UT WOS:000172924000014 ER PT S AU Dressick, WJ Nealey, PF Brandow, SL AF Dressick, WJ Nealey, PF Brandow, SL BE Dobisz, EA TI Fabrication of patterned surface reactivity templates using physisorption of reactive species in solvent-imprinted nanocavities SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Lithographic Technologies V Conference CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE nanocavity; electroless; patterning; ultrathin film; self-assembly; physisorption; interconnects; metallization; etchmask; imaging ID SELECTIVE ELECTROLESS METALLIZATION; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FILMS; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; METAL-DEPOSITION; EUV LITHOGRAPHY; IMAGING LAYERS; NI DEPOSITION; 193 NM; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; DISPLACEMENT AB A critical requirement for using thin polymer films in many microelectronics applications is the ability to selectively immobilize materials on patterned polymer templates. Selective surface functionalization using covalent solution-phase chemistries is the most direct approach, but suffers several drawbacks, including (1) reduced reaction rates or yields on a surface compared to solution environments; (2) surface template distortion due to reagent/polymer incompatibilities; and (3) concerns arising from the use of hazardous or expensive materials. We describe here an alternative noncovalent patterning approach based on selective trapping of ligands in solvent-imprinted nanocavities on aromatic polymer film surfaces. Noncovalent binding is based upon exclusion of a ligand from aqueous solution into hydrophobic cavities within the polymer film. Spatial control of the binding is accomplished either by: (1) increasing local hydrophilicity sufficiently to suppress ligand binding (masked DUV, STM, proximity x-ray), (2) selective placement of the ligand on the film (microcontact printing), or (3) selective removal of pre-loaded ligand from the film (25 kV or 50 kV e-beam). Retained reactivity of the adsorbed ligands is illustrated by fabrication of metal or fluorescent patterns on treated polymer surfaces. The fabrication of features in metal films with resolutions to similar to 40 nm is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; slb@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4029-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4343 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1117/12.436659 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT33Y UT WOS:000172675100029 ER PT J AU Pande, SG Hardy, DR Kamin, RA Nowack, CJ Colbert, JE Morris, RE Salvucci, L AF Pande, SG Hardy, DR Kamin, RA Nowack, CJ Colbert, JE Morris, RE Salvucci, L TI Quest for a reliable method for determining aviation fuel thermal stability: Comparison of turbulent and laminar flow test devices SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID JET FUEL AB Thermal deposition, based on carbon burn off, was evaluated in two turbulent flow and one laminar flow test devices. The two turbulent flow test devices were the Navy Aviation Fuel Thermal Stability Simulator (NAFTSS), developed by Rolls Royce, UK, for the U.S. Navy, and the High Reynolds Number Thermal Stability (HiReTS) bench rig, developed by Shell Global Solutions, UK (formerly Shell Research and Technology Centre). The laminar flow test device was the Tubular Reactor (TR), a bench rig developed by the Naval Air Systems Command Air-4.4.5 (NAVAIR). Three jet fuels were used in the comparison of the NAFTSS and the TR, and six fuels (five jet and one diesel) in the comparison of the HiReTS and the TR. Good correlations were obtained between the laminar flow and the two turbulent flow test devices. A likely explanation of these results is that for the fuels examined, Reynolds number does not appear to be a critical factor in predicting thermal stability. These results are significant for they support the use of laminar flow in devices such as the specification test method, i.e., the JFTOT, ASTM D3241. Furthermore, on the basis of an overall analysis of the results, we postulate that reactant depletion is likely attributable to a difference in fuel temperature (arising from the difference in flow rate (residence time)/test temperature) and not to a difference in flow velocity (laminar vs turbulent flow). We further postulate that fuel temperature is likely the critical and predominant factor in predicting jet fuel thermal stability, as long as attention is paid to the residence time and thermal gradients of the hot section. C1 Geo Ctr Inc, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Pande, SG (reprint author), Geo Ctr Inc, 4640 Forbes BLvd, Lanham, MD USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1021/ef000187f PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 393UZ UT WOS:000166489200030 ER PT S AU Pipitone, F Kamgar-Parsi, B Hartley, RL AF Pipitone, F Kamgar-Parsi, B Hartley, RL BE Verly, JG TI Three dimensional computer vision for micro air vehicles SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2001 CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE visual autopilot; micro air vehicle; unmanned air vehicle; navigation; obstacle detection; target recognition; robotic vision; continuous localization AB Results axe described of an ongoing project whose goal is to provide advanced Computer Vision for small low flying autonomous aircraft. The work consists of two parts; range-based vision for object recognition and pose estimation, and monocular vision for navigation and collision avoidance. A wide variety of range imaging methods were considered for the former, and it was found that a promising approach is multi-ocular stereo with a pseudorandom texture projected with a xenon flash. This provides high range resolution despite motion, and can be small and light. The resulting range images, taken at a few meters range, would support the use of Tripod Operators, an efficient and general method for recognizing and localizing surface shapes in 6 DOR This would provide the ability to recognize immediately upon encounter many kinds of targets. The monocular navigation system is based on finding corresponding features in successive images, and deducing from these the relative pose of the aircraft. Two methods axe under development, based on horizon registration and point correspondences, respectively. The first can serve as a preprocessor for the second. This approach aims to continuously and accurately estimate the net motion of the vehicle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pipitone, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4058-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4363 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.438022 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BT20Q UT WOS:000172264500020 ER PT J AU Krapivin, VF Phillips, GW AF Krapivin, VF Phillips, GW TI Application of a global model to the study of Arctic basin pollution: radionuclides, heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE global model; Arctic basin; radionuclides; heavy metals; oil hydrocarbons ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB The status of pollution of the Arctic basin is studied in ecological terms, and the interactions of the Arctic ecosystem with the global system are estimated. A spatial simulation model for the kinetics of pollutants in the Arctic basin is proposed in which the ecological and spatial distribution of the hydrological parameters is taken into account. The model includes blocks describing the flows of pollutants in the trophic chains, the exchange between the water-ice system and the atmosphere and the interaction of the water ecosystem with the global biosphere-climate system. A global model controls the inputs of the simulation model and makes it possible to compute the dynamics of the distribution of pollutants between the Arctic aquatories, which include the Central basin and the peripheral seas. The model uses both published data and the data of the US/Russian expedition to Siberia accomplished in the summer of 1995. Climatic and anthropogenic processes are described in the form of scenarios. The results of computer experiments are given demonstrating the advantages of the simulation model to forecast and to estimate the dynamics of radionuclides, heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons in the Arctic Seas. The total and local pictures of the spatial distribution of pollutants in the Arctic basin are given as functions of various environmental and anthropogenic parameters. It is concluded that the use of the global biospheric model enables the consideration of the interactions between the Arctic basin environment and adjoining territories. This allows estimates to be made of the consequences of the anthropogenic impact on the Arctic ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radioengn & Elect, Fryazino 141120, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krapivin, VF (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radioengn & Elect, 1 Vvedensky Sq, Fryazino 141120, Russia. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(00)00031-1 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393JM UT WOS:000166465500001 ER PT J AU Reimers, CE Tender, LM Fertig, S Wang, W AF Reimers, CE Tender, LM Fertig, S Wang, W TI Harvesting energy from the marine sediment-water interface SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PH AB Pairs of platinum mesh or graphite fiber-based electrodes, one embedded in marine sediment (anode), the other in proximal seawater (cathode), have been used to harvest low-level power from natural, microbe established, voltage gradients at marine sediment-seawater interfaces in laboratory aquaria. The sustained power harvested thus far has been on the order of 0.01 W/m(2) of electrode geometric area but is dependent on electrode design, sediment composition, and temperature. It is proposed that the sediment/anode-seawater/cathode configuration constitutes a microbial fuel cell in which power results from the net oxidation of sediment organic matter by dissolved seawater oxygen. Considering typical sediment organic carbon contents, typical fluxes of additional reduced carbon by sedimentation to sea floors < 1000 m deep, and the proven viability of dissolved seawater oxygen as an oxidant for power generation by seawater batteries, it is calculated that optimized power supplies based on the phenomenon demonstrated here could power oceanographic instruments deployed for routine long-term monitoring operations in the coastal ocean. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Reimers, CE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 19 TC 309 Z9 340 U1 17 U2 169 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.1021/es001223s PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 390QV UT WOS:000166308600041 PM 11352010 ER PT J AU Hrubes, JD AF Hrubes, JD TI High-speed imaging of supercavitating underwater projectiles SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB High-speed images of supercavitating underwater projectiles traveling up to and exceeding the speed of sound in water were captured using a variety of methods. These images reveal information on projectile flight behavior, stability mechanisms, cavity shape, and in-barrel launch characteristics. This information was used to understand the physics of supercavitating bodies, verify computer models, aid failure analysis, and produce projectile launch package design modifications. In the supersonic tests, projectile shock waves were revealed. Imaging consisted of standard video, 16-mm high-speed, laser illuminated motion pictures, high-speed gated intensified video, and stroboscope illuminated 35-mm still photography. Both front-lit and shadowgraph configurations were used. C1 USN, Unidersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hrubes, JD (reprint author), USN, Unidersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s003480000135 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392NE UT WOS:000166416900008 ER PT J AU Weber, R Aha, DW Becerra-Fernandez, I AF Weber, R Aha, DW Becerra-Fernandez, I TI Intelligent lessons learned systems SO EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lessons learned systems; knowledge management; artificial intelligence; case-based reasoning ID MANAGEMENT AB Lessons learned processes have been deployed in commercial, government, and military organizations since the late 1980s to capture, store, disseminate, and share experiential working knowledge. However, recent studies have shown that software systems for supporting lesson dissemination do not effectively promote knowledge sharing. We found that the problems with these systems are related to their textual representation for lessons and that they are not incorporated into the processes they are intended to support. In this article, we survey lessons learned processes and systems, detail their capabilities and limitations, examine lessons learned system design issues, and identify how artificial intelligence technologies can contribute to knowledge management solutions for these systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res AI, Code 5510, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wang, Charles/B-5565-2011 OI Wang, Charles/0000-0001-9331-8437 NR 49 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4174 J9 EXPERT SYST APPL JI Expert Syst. Appl. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0957-4174(00)00046-4 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 397PH UT WOS:000166703700003 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Murphy, RJ AF Dermer, CD Murphy, RJ BE Battrick, B TI Annihilation radiation in the Galaxy SO EXPLORING THE GAMMA-RAY UNIVERSE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Integral Workshop on Exploring the Gamma-Ray Universe CY SEP 04-08, 2000 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP ARATZ, CAM, CASA, CRISA, ESA, NASA, SENER, SPASA, Nuter sa DE positrons; gamma rays; nucleosynthesis; supernovae ID GALACTIC-CENTER DIRECTION; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; 0.511 MEV LINE; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; CENTER REGION; SPECTRUM AB Observations of annihilation radiation in the Galaxy are briefly reviewed. We summarize astrophysical mechanisms leading to positron production and recent estimates for production rates from nova and supernova nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. The physical processes involved in tile production of annihilation radiation in the interstellar medium are described. These include positron thermalization, charge exchange, radiative recombination, and direct annihilation. Calculations of 2gamma and 3gamma spectra and the positronium (Ps) fraction due to the annihilation of positrons in media containing H and He at different temperatures and ionization states are presented. Quenching of Ps by high temperature plasmas or dust could account for differences between 0.511 MeV and 3gamma Ps continuum maps. These results are presented in the context of the potential of INTEGRAL to map sites of annihilation radiation in the Galaxy. Positron production by compact objects is also considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-677-5 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 459 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT87A UT WOS:000174318300021 ER PT S AU Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD Dixon, DD AF Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD Dixon, DD BE Battrick, B TI OSSE/SMM/TGRS observations of positron annihilation radiation SO EXPLORING THE GAMMA-RAY UNIVERSE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Integral Workshop on Exploring the Gamma-Ray Universe CY SEP 04-08, 2000 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP ARATZ, CAM, CASA, CRISA, ESA, NASA, SENER, SPASA, Nuter sa DE gamma rays; observations ID GALACTIC-CENTER; EMISSION; LINE AB Extensive observations using the CGRO/OSSE instrument have permitted the first investigations of the distribution of both line and continuum positronium emission in the Galaxy. Maps have been generated of both components of the total annihilation radiation. In addition, potential bulge and disk distributions have been tested against the measurements of each component. At the level of this study, the two emissions appear to follow a similar distribution for both bulge and disk components. Differences between these maps would be suggestive of a variation of the positronium fraction, which is a diagnostic of the characteristics of the annihilation media. The previously reported enhancement of 511 keV emission from positive latitudes is not present at a significant level in the positronium continuum maps. We conclude this discussion with an assessment of the ability of the, SPI and IBIS instruments to resolve ambiguities from the OSSE/SMM/TGRS studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-677-5 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 459 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT87A UT WOS:000174318300026 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Bottcher, M Liang, EP AF Dermer, CD Bottcher, M Liang, EP BE Battrick, B TI Pair production and radiation effects in clouds illuminated by gamma ray sources SO EXPLORING THE GAMMA-RAY UNIVERSE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Integral Workshop on Exploring the Gamma-Ray Universe CY SEP 04-08, 2000 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP ARATZ, CAM, CASA, CRISA, ESA, NASA, SENER, SPASA, Nuter sa DE positrons; gamma rays; nonthermal radiation processes ID RELATIVISTIC WINDS; BURSTS; ACCELERATION AB Many classes of gamma-ray sources, such as gamma-ray bursts, blazars, Seyfert galaxies, and galactic black hole sources are surrounded by large amounts of gas and dust. X-rays and gamma-rays that traverse this material will be attenuated by Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption. One signature of an intervening scattering cloud is radiation-hardening by electrons that have been scattered and heated by the incident radiation, as illustrated by a Monte Carlo calculation. Compton scattering provides backscattered photons that will attenuate subsequent gamma rays through gammagamma pair-production processes. We calculate the pair efficiency for a cloud illuminated by gamma-ray burst radiation. An analytic calculation of the flux of X-rays and gamma rays Thomson scattered by an intervening cloud is presented. Illuminated clouds near GRBs will form relativistic plasmas containing large numbers of electron-positron pairs that can be detected within similar to 1-2 days of the explosion before expanding and dissipating. Localized regions of pair annihilation radiation in the Galaxy could reveal gamma-ray sources embedded in dense clouds, or sites of past GRB explosions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-677-5 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 459 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT87A UT WOS:000174318300029 ER PT S AU Khokhlov, A Hoflich, P AF Khokhlov, A Hoflich, P BE Chang, HY Lee, CH Rho, M Yi, I TI Jet induced supernovae: Hydrodynamics and observational consequences SO EXPLOSIVE PHENOMENA IN ASTROPHYSICAL COMPACT OBJECTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st KIAS Astrophysics Workshop on Explosive Phenomena in Astrophysical Compact Objects CY MAY 24-27, 2000 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID CORE COLLAPSE; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; SN 1994D; STAR; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; ASPHERICITY; POLARIMETRY; SN-1987A; DYNAMICS AB Core collapse supernovae (SN) are the final stages of stellar Evolution in massive stars during which the central region collapses, forms a neutron star (NS), and the outer layers are ejected. Recent explosion scenarios assumed that the ejection is due to energy deposition by neutrinos into the envelope hut detailed models do not produce powerful explosions. There is mounting evidence for an asphericity in the SN which is difficult to explain within this picture. This evidence includes the observed high polarization, pulsar kicks, high velocity iron-group and intermediate-mass elements material observed in remnants, etc. The discovery of highly magnetars revived the idea that the basic mechanism for the ejection of the envelope is related to a highly focused MHD-jet formed at the NS. Our 3-D hydro simulations of the jet propagation through the star confirmed that the mechanism can explain the asphericities. In this paper, detailed 3-D models for jet induced explosions of "classical" core collapse supernovae are presented. We demonstrate the influence of the jet properties and of the underlaying progenitor structure on the final density and chemical structure. Finally, we discuss the observational consequences, predictions and tests of this scenario. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khokhlov, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-987-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 556 BP 301 EP 312 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS10K UT WOS:000168666000032 ER PT J AU Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM TI The morphology of unconventional sputter deposited Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 thin films SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE barium strontium titanate; ferroelectrics; dielectric; thin films; sputtering Classified scheme : 77.55.+f, 81.15.Cd, 61.10.-i and 85.50.-j ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; AMBIENT GAS; SRTIO3 AB Thin films of Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 (BST) have been deposited on (100) MgO substrates by off-axis cosputtering targets of SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 for several Ba/Sr metals fractions. The surface morphology and crystal structure were strongly dependent on the Ba/Sr metals fraction. For small x values (< 0.3), the films were multi-textured and of a tetragonal structure. At greater x, the films became predominantly (110) orientated and for x > 0.5 became strongly (200) orientated. The surface roughness was smooth for x < 0.5 and became progressively rougher with increasing x (greater Sr). Interdigitated capacitors fabricated on these films showed greater tuning for films having low x values and greater Q for those having higher x values. A comparison of the lattice parameter with that for bulk BST shows the films to be under compressive stress for x < 0.45 and under tensile stress for x > 0.45. This film stress has a strong influence on the Curie temperature and the resulting dielectric properties of the films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cukauskas, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2001 VL 256 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1080/00150190108015978 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 580BM UT WOS:000177214400010 ER PT S AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Kung, FH Pureza, PC Miklos, R Aggarwal, ID Lloyd, IK AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Kung, FH Pureza, PC Miklos, R Aggarwal, ID Lloyd, IK BE Culshaw, B Harrington, JA Marcus, MA Saad, M TI Effect of temperature on the loss of the As-S-Se and Ge-As-Se-Te chalcogenide glass fibers SO FIBER OPTIC SENSOR TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensor Technology II CY NOV 06-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE ID SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION AB The change in the absorption loss relative to room temperature of the IR-transmitting sulfur-based (As-S-Se) and tellurium-based (Ge-As-Se-Te) glass fibers in the temperature range of-110 degreesC less than or equal toT less than or equal to 110 degreesC was investigated. For the sulfur-based (As-S-Se) glass fibers, the change in loss relative to room temperature was slightly affected by temperature in the wavelength region of 1-5 mum. For lambda greater than or equal to 6 mum, the change in loss was mainly due to multiphonon absorption. For the tellurium-based (Ge-As-Se-Te) glass fibers, the attenuation increased significantly at T greater than or equal to 40 degreesC. This is mainly attributed to thermally activated free carriers associated with the semi-metallic character of the Te atom. For lambda less than or equal to 4.2 mum, the loss due to electronic and free carrier absorption was strongly affected by temperature. In the wavelength region of 5 - 11 mum, the loss was mainly due to free carrier absorption. Beyond lambda greater than or equal to 11 mum, multiphonon absorption dominated the loss spectrum at T less than or equal to 60 degreesC while free carrier absorption contributed mainly to the total loss at T greater than or equal to 80 degreesC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3869-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4204 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1117/12.417422 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS18V UT WOS:000169001500034 ER PT J AU Eversole, JD Cary, WK Scotto, CS Pierson, R Spence, M Campillo, AJ AF Eversole, JD Cary, WK Scotto, CS Pierson, R Spence, M Campillo, AJ TI Continuous bioaerosol monitoring using UV excitation fluorescence: Outdoor test results SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioaerosols; UV fluorescence; particle monitoring ID AIRBORNE BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRA; AEROSOLS; SIZE AB This report describes procedures and results of recent outdoor tests in evaluating a prototype single particle fluorescence analyzer (SPFA), an instrument that is being developed to simultaneously monitor ambient concentrations of both biological and nonbiological aerosols using optical techniques. Recent modifications to the SPFA are also noted and discussed. During recent outdoor tests, aerosols were generated containing four different types of biological material: ova albumin, MS-2 phage, Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells and Bacillus subtilis spores. Analysis of the SPFA results indicates that a probability of detection of at least 87% was achieved for target aerosol concentrations as low as a few (1-5) particles/liter. Moreover, comparison with different reference instruments indicate that the SPFA can achieve absolute quantitative detection efficiencies for individual biological aerosols of at least 70% (assuming appropriate alignment and threshold settings are made). During some of the outdoor tests different nonbiological aerosols were also released that generally did not generate any significant fluorescent signals. Although official test scores have not yet been distributed, we provide here the SPFA results for each of the aerosol releases made during the test. Analysis of the relative fluorescent intensities in the visible and UV spectral bands suggests that these data can be used in the future to provide an indication of the type of biological aerosol being released as well. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eversole, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5610,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 4 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1002/fact.1022 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 476GQ UT WOS:000171218200006 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Hammond, MH Wong, JT Wright, MT Gottuk, DT Rose-Pehrsson, SL Williams, FW AF Hart, SJ Hammond, MH Wong, JT Wright, MT Gottuk, DT Rose-Pehrsson, SL Williams, FW TI Real-time classification performance and failure mode analysis of a physical/chemical sensor array and a probabilistic neural network SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical and physical sensor array; fire detection; probabilistic neural network; noise; real-time PNN classification ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION AB The U.S. Navy program Damage Control-Automation for Reduced Manning is focused on enhancing automation of ship functions and damage control systems. A key element of this objective is the improvement of current fire-detection systems. An early warning fire-detection system is being developed by properly processing the output from sensors that measure different physical and chemical parameters of a developing fire or from analyzing multiple aspects of a given sensor output (e.g., rate of change as well as absolute value). The classification and speed of the probabilistic neural network (PNN), deployed in real-time, have been evaluated during a recent field test aboard the ex-USS SHADWELL, the Advanced Damage Control Fire Research Platform of the Naval Research Laboratory. The real-time performance is documented and as a result of optimization efforts, improvements in performance have been recognized. Early fire detection, while maintaining nuisance source immunity, has been demonstrated. A detailed examination of the PNN during fire testing has been undertaken. Using real and simulated data, a variety of scenarios (taken from recent field experiences) have been used or recreated for the purpose of understanding potential failure modes of the PNN in this application. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Hughes Associates, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 244 EP 258 DI 10.1002/fact.10004 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 496YH UT WOS:000172425600006 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Dingle, BM Van Bergen, S Gauger, PR Patterson, CH Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, PT Dingle, BM Van Bergen, S Gauger, PR Patterson, CH Kusterbeck, AW TI Enhanced biosensor performance for on-site field analysis of explosives in water using solid-phase extraction membranes SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solid-phase extraction; solvent; explosives; groundwater; seawater; biosensor ID HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; MICROEXTRACTION; SAMPLES; POLLUTANTS; SOIL; TNT AB Biosensors, over the past decade, have demonstrated their utility in a number of environmental applications. One application has been trace-level detection of energetic materials (i.e., explosives) in the soil, sediment, and waterways as a result of unexploded ordnances from past military exercises. A promising biosensor, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, has been designed to detect the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoulene (TNT) and 1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitrotriazine (RDX), utilizing a displacement immunoassay format. The fundamental principle of the biosensor relies on the specificity of the recognition element (e.g., antibody) to recognize and bind the explosive molecule, with subsequent release and fluorescence signal response by a cyanine-5 labeled reporter complex. In recent analytical tests performed on environmental samples, erroneous signal responses and inaccurate quantitative measurements were obtained with the biosensor as a result of interference components in the environmental matrices. In this paper, we investigated the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) membranes for their efficiency to extract the explosives TNT and RDX in water samples to improve quantitative measurements conducted with the biosensor. Three SPE membranes were evaluated: (1) styrenedivinylbenzene-extra clean (SDB-XC) copolymer, (2) styrenedivinylbenzene-reverse phase sulfonated (SDB-RPS) copolymer, and (3) C-18 octadecyl bonded silica (C18). Each SPE membrane was exposed to media containing the explosives TNT, RDX or both. Initial experiments were conducted to determine which SPE membrane and what elution solvent was most effective in the extraction of both TNT and RDX from water samples. Solvent extracts from the SPE membranes containing the explosive molecules were also analyzed using a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method (EPA SW846-Method 8330). Experimental results using the SDB-RPS membrane to extract TNT or RDX from groundwater or seawater consistently produced extraction efficiencies between 80 and 100%. Results also confirmed that combining the extraction capabilities of the SPE membrane improved the fluorescence signal response and accuracy of the biosensor twofold in comparison to previous analysis (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 6 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1002/fact.10007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 525WX UT WOS:000174098000002 ER PT B AU Jeffords, RD Heitmeyer, CL AF Jeffords, RD Heitmeyer, CL GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An algorithm for strengthening state invariants generated from requirements specifications SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers ID AUTOMATIC-GENERATION; MODEL CHECKING AB In earlier work, we developed a fixpoint algorithm for automatically generating state invariants, properties that hold in each reachable state of a state machine model, from state-based requirements specifications. Such invariants are useful both in validating requirements specifications and as auxiliary lemmas in proofs that a requirements specification satisfies other invariant properties. This paper describes a new related algorithm that strengthens state invariants generated by our initial algorithm and demonstrates the new algorithm on a simplified version of an automobile cruise control system. The paper concludes by describing how the two algorithms were used to generate state invariants from a requirements specification of a cryptographic device and how the invariants in conjunction with a theorem prover were used to prove formally that the device satisfies a set of critical security properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffords@itd.nrl.navy.mil; heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1125-2 PY 2001 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1109/ISRE.2001.948558 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT70R UT WOS:000173806300024 ER PT B AU Baillot, Y Brown, D Julier, S AF Baillot, Y Brown, D Julier, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Authoring of physical models using mobile computers SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WEARABLE COMPUTERS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Wearable Computers CY OCT 08-09, 2001 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Context-aware computers rely on user and physical models to describe the context of a user. In this paper, we focus on the problem of developing and maintaining a physical model of the environment using a mobile computer. We describe a set of tools for automatically creating and modifying three-dimensional contextual information. The tools can be utilized across multiple hardware platforms, with different capabilities, and operating in collaboration with one another. We demonstrate the capabilities of the tools using two mobile platforms. One of them, a mobile augmented reality system is used to construct a geometric model of an indoor environment which is then visualized on the same platform. C1 USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Adv Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baillot, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Adv Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1318-2 PY 2001 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT56U UT WOS:000173392400005 ER PT B AU Martin, DL Piotrowicz, S AF Martin, DL Piotrowicz, S GP AMS AMS TI A US commitment to building ocean partnerships and an integrated ocean observing system SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Martin, DL (reprint author), Off Naval Res, BCT 1 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500001 ER PT B AU Levine, ER Lueck, RG Shell, RR Licis, P AF Levine, ER Lueck, RG Shell, RR Licis, P GP AMS AMS TI AUV-based turbulence characterization for coastal predictive networks SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID DISSIPATION; MODEL C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Levine, ER (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, COde 8211,Bldg 679, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 16 EP 20 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500005 ER PT B AU Hoppel, W Fitzgerald, J Frick, G Caffrey, P Pasternack, L AF Hoppel, W Fitzgerald, J Frick, G Caffrey, P Pasternack, L GP AMS AMS TI Experimental and modeling studies of processes which govern the marine boundary layer aerosol. SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CONVERSION C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoppel, W (reprint author), Computat Phys Corp, Fairfax, VA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500013 ER PT S AU Stubblebine, SG Syverson, PF AF Stubblebine, SG Syverson, PF BE Frankel, Y TI Authentic attributes with fine-grained anonymity protection SO FINANCIAL CRYPTOGRAPHY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Financial Cryptography CY FEB 20-24, 2000 CL ANGUILLA, W IND ASSOC ST SP Int Financial Cryptog Assoc ID SYSTEMS AB Collecting accurate profile information and protecting an individual's privacy axe ordinarily viewed as being at odds. This paper presents mechanisms that protect individual privacy while presenting accurate-indeed authenticated-profile information to servers and merchants. In particular, we give a pseudonym registration scheme and system that enforces unique user registration while separating trust required of registrars, issuers, and validators. This scheme enables the issuance of global unique pseudonyms (GUPs) and attributes enabling practical applications such as authentication of accurate attributes and enforcement of "one-to-a-customer" properties. We also present a scheme resilient to even pseudonymous profiling yet preserving the ability of merchants to authenticate the accuracy of information. It is the first mechanism of which the authors are aware to guarantee recent validity for group signatures, and more generally multi-group signatures, thus effectively enabling revocation of all or some of the multi-group certificates held by a principal. C1 CertCo, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stubblebine, SG (reprint author), CertCo, 55 Broad St,Suite 22, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. EM stuart@stubblebine.com; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42700-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 1962 BP 276 EP 294 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV89W UT WOS:000180344000019 ER PT S AU Yoder, MN AF Yoder, MN GP IEEE IEEE TI Microelectronics/nanoelectronics and the 21st century SO FOURTEENTH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICROELECTRONICS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICROELECTRONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Biennial University/Government/Industry Microelectronics Symposium CY JUN 17-20, 2001 CL VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV, RICHMOND, VA SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, Virginia Econ Dev Partnership, Virginia Ctr Innovat Technol, Greater Richmond Partnership HO VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV AB The advent of non-photolithographic lithography, new electronic materials, and the devices, circuits, and systems they enable will permit the electronics revolution of the 20(th) Century to continue well into the 21(st) Century. New lithographic techniques using tools such as nano-imprint and the atomic force microscope are expected to lead to electronic circuits whose lateral spatial resolution is under 10 nanometers. When these are coupled with innovative materials such as those exhibiting Giant Magneto Resistance, new ultra dense, ultra fast, non-volatile memory is expected to ensue. New records are expected to be set in solid state laser output power when new wide bandgap semiconductors are combined with concepts such as the quantum cascade laser. Differential etching techniques that have proven efficacious in the design of surface emitting lasers are expected to propel bipolar transistor switching speeds into the TeraHertz spectrum with resultant logic devices clocking at well over 100 GHz. This increase will lead to much improved signal processing capability. New advances in controlling the phase stability of local oscillators and amplifiers will lead to electromagnetic systems that provide much greater Doppler resolution for radar and much better spectral utilization for communications systems. Devices and integrated circuits combining semiconductors and magnetic spin states are expected to lead to a new class of integrated circuits whose functionality can be dynamically changed so as to adapt optimally to the computational or sensing requirements of the moment. Still other advances are expected to accrue in the area of nanophotonics where device sizes can be smaller than the wavelength of the light they emit or receive. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Yoder, MN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 0-7803-6691-3 J9 P UNIV GOVT IND MICR PY 2001 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1109/UGIM.2001.960283 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT56X UT WOS:000173393800001 ER PT B AU Fonda, RW Lambrakos, SG AF Fonda, RW Lambrakos, SG BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Field, DP TI Analysis of friction stir welds using an inverse-problem approach SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing held in Conjunction with the Fall Meeting of the TMS CY NOV, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP TMS, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Texture & Anisotropy Comm AB We present a preliminary analysis of friction stir welds using an inverse-problem approach which entails representing the rotating tool as a three-dimensional surface distribution of heat sources. In this approach, the heat generated from these heat sources is proportional to the local velocity of the tool surface, but can be adjusted within this constraint so that the shapes of the calculated three-dimensional temperature isotherms are consistent with experimental weld cross sections. Additional experimental information about the local mechanical properties and transformation microstructures observed in the heat affected zone can be used to scale the calculated temperature field in a consistent manner. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-502-6 PY 2001 BP 131 EP 137 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT49C UT WOS:000173132500012 ER PT B AU Posada, M DeLoach, J Reynolds, AP Skinner, M Halpin, JP AF Posada, M DeLoach, J Reynolds, AP Skinner, M Halpin, JP BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Field, DP TI Friction stir weld evaluation of DH-36 and stainless steel weldments SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing held in Conjunction with the Fall Meeting of the TMS CY NOV, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP TMS, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Texture & Anisotropy Comm AB Friction stir welds were produced from 6.4 mm. (1/4-inch) thick DH-36 steel and 304L stainless steel. Single-sided DH-36 welds and both single-sided and double-sided 304L welds were evaluated. During weld trials, the welding parameters were varied to develop a relationship between weld parameters and weld quality. As part of the friction stir welding process development, the microstructure and hardness profiles were evaluated as a function of weld energy. The microstructures of both DH-36 and 304L materials were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Unlike 304L, DH-36 experiences readily observable solid-state phase transformations during FSW. The phase transformations were observed in four distinct zones with hardness values decreasing as one moved away from the stir zone. Results from mechanical property testing showed higher tensile strengths in the weld region than the base. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Posada, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-502-6 PY 2001 BP 159 EP 171 PG 13 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT49C UT WOS:000173132500015 ER PT B AU Julier, S Feiner, S Rosenblum, L AF Julier, S Feiner, S Rosenblum, L BE Earnshaw, R Guedj, R VanDam, A Vince, J TI Mobile augmented reality: a complex human-centered system SO FRONTIERS OF HUMAN-CENTRED COMPUTING, ONLINE COMMUNITIES AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint European-Commission/National-Science-Foundation Workshop on Human-Centered Computing and Virtual Environments CY SEP 03-04, 1998 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP European Commiss, Natl Sci Fdn Strategy Grp ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; COMPUTER AB A major new thrust in the information sciences will be getting information to a user, in a usable form, regardless of location. A high-end example that involves many aspects of human-centered systems is the use of augmented reality to display information atop the real world without distracting users from their task. This chapter discusses the scientific and technical difficulties for mobile augmented reality by examining a recently initiated research project, the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS). BARS is exploring how important information can be overlaid on what users see, hear, and otherwise experience of the surrounding world as they walk through an urban environment. We argue that the development of such a human-centered system introduces many difficult challenges in a variety of areas, including: accurate wide-area tracking systems; navigation user interface design; information filtering; wireless networking and software architectures; and societal issues for distributed collaboration. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst & Sci Adv Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Julier, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst & Sci Adv Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM julier@ait.nrl.navy.mil; feiner@cs.columbia.edu; rosenblu@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 1-85233-238-7 PY 2001 BP 67 EP 79 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT22P UT WOS:000172334400006 ER PT B AU Joshi, VS Lee, RJ AF Joshi, VS Lee, RJ BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI High strain rate behavior of explosives containing polymeric binders SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB AB Compression tests have been performed on plastic bonded explosives at strain rates up to 2500/s and strains up to 0.3 using split Hopkinson pressure bar. Since strength of these composite explosives are far lower than that of any metallic materials, their deformation characteristics must be fully understood before any data reduction scheme can be applied successfully. High-resolution data acquisition and high-speed imaging techniques have been used to resolve the deformation characteristics in these materials. In this paper, inference of mechanisms of deformation from a combined approach will be presented. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Energet Mat Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Energet Mat Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50098-X PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600007 ER PT B AU Wilson, LT Reedal, DR Kipp, ME Martinez, RR Grady, DE AF Wilson, LT Reedal, DR Kipp, ME Martinez, RR Grady, DE BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Comparison of calculated and experimental results of fragmenting cylinder experiments SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB AB The Grady-Kipp fragmentation model provides a physically based method for determining the fracture and breakup of materials under high loading rates. Recently, this model has been implemented into the CTH Shook Physics Code and has been used to simulate several published experiments. Materials studied in this paper are AerMet 100 steel and a 90% tungsten alloy. The experimental geometry consists of a right circular cylinder filled with an explosive main charge that is initiated at its center. The sudden expansion of the resulting detonation products causes fracture of the cylinder. Strain rates seen in the cylinder are oil the order of 10(4) s(-1). The average fragment sizes calculated with the Grady-Kipp fragmentation model successfully replicate the mean fragment size obtained from the experimental fragment distribution. When Poisson statistics are applied to the calculated local average fragment sizes, good correlation is also observed with the shape of the experimental cumulative fragment distribution. The experimental fragmentation results, CTH numerical simulations, and correlation of these numerical results with the experimental data are described. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wilson, LT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50162-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600071 ER PT S AU Fornari, M Singh, DJ AF Fornari, M Singh, DJ BE Krakauer, H TI Lattice distortions in Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 alloys near the morphotropic phase boundary SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2001 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Williamsburg Workshop on Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Coll William & Mary ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; PEROVSKITES DISORDER; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITIONS; PBTIO3; INSTABILITIES AB The lattice total energy surface and the structural instabilities that characterize rhombohedral PbZrxTi1-xO3 in the morphotropic phase boundary region near x = 0.5 are investigated using first principles density functional supercell calculations. As expected, we find a strong ferroelectric instability. However, we also find a substantial R-point rotational instability, close to but not as deep as the ferroelectric one. This is similar to the situation in pure PbZrO3. These two instabilities are both strongly pressure dependent, but in opposite directions so that lattice compression of less than 1% is sufficient to change their ordering. Because of this, local stress fields due to B-site cation disorder may lead to coexistence of both types of instability are likely present in the alloy near the morphotropic phase boundary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0021-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 582 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BT20H UT WOS:000172263800003 ER PT S AU Miles, MH AF Miles, MH GP IEEE IEEE TI Recent advances in lithium battery technology SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST 2001 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE GaAs IC Symposium CY OCT 21-24, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc AB Portable electronics such as cellular telephones and laptop computers have produced a surge in battery development and the introduction of rechargeable lithium battery systems. The most dramatic improvement in rechargeable battery technology was the introduction of the lithium-ion battery in 1990. Today, the sale of lithium-ion systems dominates the rechargeable battery market. The cell voltage for any battery system is determined by the selection of the anode and cathode materials, and the electrolyte determines the chemistry of the system and the rate of the electrode reactions. Applications of lithium batteries range from cardiac pacemakers to thermal batteries for military operations. Various types of lithium batteries are discussed. The next major improvement in lithium battery technology will likely be the use of solid polymer electrolytes that provide a truly all-solid-state battery. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Weapons Div, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-6663-8 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 2001 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1109/GAAS.2001.964382 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BT68H UT WOS:000173723800049 ER PT S AU Pauls, TA AF Pauls, TA BE Schilizzi, RT Vogel, SN Paresce, F Elvis, MS TI Observations of stars and stellar systems with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO GALAXIES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS AT THE HIGHEST ANGULAR RESOLUTIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID NPOI AB We present results of observational programs with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) in astrometry, the study the angular diameters of individual stars, and the measurement of binary star systems. These observations include measurements of the closure phase, which allow us to make images of simple systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauls, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-066-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 205 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU43Z UT WOS:000175998000100 ER PT S AU Quirrenbach, A Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, T Buscher, D Hummel, C AF Quirrenbach, A Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, T Buscher, D Hummel, C BE Schilizzi, RT Vogel, SN Paresce, F Elvis, MS TI Cool giant stars are bigger at 712 nm than at 754 nm SO GALAXIES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS AT THE HIGHEST ANGULAR RESOLUTIONS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID ANGULAR DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Quirrenbach, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Mail Code 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-066-8 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 205 BP 304 EP 305 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU43Z UT WOS:000175998000101 ER PT S AU Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD AF Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Kinzer, RL Leising, MD BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI Comparative studies of line and continuum positron annihilation radiation SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL ID GALACTIC-CENTER; EMISSION AB Positron annihilation radiation from the Galaxy has been observed by the OSSE, SMM and TGRS instruments. Improved spectral modeling of OSSE observations has allowed studies of the distribution of both positron annihilation radiation components, the narrow line emission at 511 keV and the positronium continuum emission. The results derived for each individual annihilation component are then compared with each other. These comparisons reveal approximate agreement between the distribution of these two emissions. In certain regions of the sky (notably in the vicinity of the previously reported positive latitude enhancement), the distribution of the emissions differ. We discuss these differences and the methods currently being employed to understand whether the differences are physical or a systematic error in the present analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, NRC, NRL Resident Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRC, NRL Resident Res Associate, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 11 EP 15 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400002 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Hui, L AF Dermer, CD Hui, L BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI Model for the X-ray emission in the jets and hot spots of radio galaxies SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PHOTON-PHOTON COLLISIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; SPECTRA; BLAZARS AB We propose a model for the origin of extended X-ray emission in the large-scale jets and hot spots of radio galaxies. If radio galaxies are misaligned blazars, then they are sources of collimated high-energy gamma radiation from the inner jet. Gamma rays with greater than or similar to 100 TeV energies will be attenuated by the microwave background and surrounding radiation fields, causing high-energy electrons and pairs to be injected far from the central engine. The high-energy pairs will produce X-ray synchrotron radiation that could account for the emission detected from sources such as Pictor A and Cygnus A with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7658, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 286 EP 290 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400054 ER PT S AU Strickman, MS Harding, AK Gwinn, C McCulloch, P Moffett, D AF Strickman, MS Harding, AK Gwinn, C McCulloch, P Moffett, D BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI RXTE observations of the Vela Pulsar: The Pulsar Rosetta stone SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL AB We report on our analysis of a 274 ks observation of the Vela Pulsar with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The double-peaked, pulsed emission at 2-30 keV, which we had previously detected during a 93 ks observation, is confirmed with much improved statistics. There is now clear evidence, both in the spectrum and the light curve, that the emission in the RXTE band is a blend of two separate components. The spectrum of the harder component connects smoothly with the OSSE, COMPTEL and EGRET spectra and the peaks in the light curve are in phase coincidence with those of the high-energy light curve. The spectrum of the softer component is consistent with an extrapolation to the pulsed optical flux and the soft component of the second RXTE peak is in phase coincidence with the second optical peak. In addition, we see a peak in the 2-8 keV RXTE light curve at the radio peak phase. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strickman, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 570 EP 574 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400104 ER PT S AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI Solar gamma-ray physics comes of age SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; JUNE 11; FLARE; ABUNDANCES; SPECTROSCOPY; SUN; LINE; EMISSION; GALAXY; LIMITS AB The launch of NASA's HESSI satellite will provide solar scientists with greater than or equal to 2arcsec imaging/greater than or equal to 2 keV spectroscopy of solar flares from similar to10 keV to 10 MeV for the first time. We summarize recent developments in our understanding of solar flares based primarily on gamma-ray line measurements made over the past twenty years with instruments having moderate spectral resolution. These measurements have provided information on solar ambient abundance, density and temperature; accelerated particle composition, spectra, and transport; and flare energetics. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM share@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 603 EP 612 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400110 ER PT S AU Kurfess, JD Kroeger, RA AF Kurfess, JD Kroeger, RA BE Ritz, S Gehrels, N Shrader, CR TI Progress towards an Advanced Compton Telescope SO GAMMA 2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001 Symposium CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NASA, US DOE, Italian Space Agcy, TRW, Spectrum Astro, Lockheed Martin, SW Res, Orbital Sci, USRA, GLAST, Compton Gamma Ray Observ, Swift, INTEGRAL ID GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; RESOLUTION AB With the termination of the Compton Observatory mission and the forthcoming launch of ESA's INTEGRAL mission in 2002, plans for a follow-on low/medium-energy gamma ray mission are underway. NASA's Gamma Ray Program Working Group has endorsed an Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) as the next major mission for gamma ray astronomy. A Compton telescope instrument appears to be the best approach for meeting the sensitivity demands of a broad range of scientific objectives within acceptable cost and weight constraints. With a narrow line sensitivity of a similar to 10(-7) gamma cm(-2) s(-1), gamma ray observations of many supernovae and novae will be realized for the first time. ACT will also provide detailed maps of the Galaxy in several nuclear lines associated with radioactive decays and cosmic ray interactions with the ISM. ACT will enable high sensitivity gamma ray studies of galactic compact objects, active galactic nuclei, and solar flares. The several components of the diffuse low-energy gamma ray background will be investigated. Alternative approaches for the instrument are presented, including the use of time projection chambers, position-sensitive solid-state detectors, and electron tracking in arrays of thin silicon strip detectors. A novel concept for using multiple Compton interactions to achieve high efficiency is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0027-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 587 BP 867 EP 876 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT56P UT WOS:000173389400152 ER PT B AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD BE Costa, E Frontera, F Hjorth, J TI Ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutron-decay halos from gamma ray bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE AFTERGLOW ERA SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY OCT 17-20, 2000 CL CNR, ROME, ITALY SP ESO, Alenia Aerosp, Laben & Nuova Telespazio HO CNR ID ACCELERATION AB Simple arguments concerning power and acceleration efficiency show that ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRS) with energies greater than or similar to 10(19) eV could originate from GRBs. Neutrons formed through photo-pion production processes in GRB blast waves leave the acceleration site and travel through intergalactic space, where they decay and inject a very energetic proton and electron component into intergalactic space. The neutron-decay protons form a component of the UHECRs, whereas the neutron-decay electrons produce optical/X-ray synchrotron and gamma radiation from Compton-scattered background radiation, A significant fraction of galaxies with GRB activity should be surrounded by neutron-decay halos of characteristic size similar to100 kpc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42771-6 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2001 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1007/10853853_71 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT78E UT WOS:000174050300071 ER PT S AU Montes, MJ Gao, BC Davis, CO AF Montes, MJ Gao, BC Davis, CO BE Roper, WE TI A new algorithm for atmospheric correction of hyperspectral remote sensing data SO GEO-SPATIAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geo-Spatial Image and Data Exploitation II CY APR 16, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE imaging spectrometer; atmospheric correction; ocean color ID REMOVAL; OCEANS; CODE AB We previously developed(1) an algorithm for remote sensing of ocean color from space that allows quick atmospheric correction of hyperspectral data using lookup tables generated with a modified version of Ahmad & Fraser's(2) vector radiative transfer code. During the past year we extended our radiative transfer calculations, allowing us to generate tables for several airborne altitudes. We also modified our lookup-table software to interpolate to sensor altitudes between those specified in the new tables. Here, we present results of atmospheric corrections using the new tables and software on hyperspectral imagery collected with NRL's recent PHILLS instrument and past AVIRIS flights. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montes, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4078-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4383 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.428247 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BS89S UT WOS:000171335300003 ER PT S AU Echard, R Chang, SC AF Echard, R Chang, SC GP IEEE IEEE TI The pi-rotation Low-Density Parity Check codes SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs ID SHANNON LIMIT; CAPACITY; DESIGN AB In this paper we introduce an ensemble of quasi-regular lowdensity parity check error control codes we call pi-rotation LDPC codes. These codes are completely defined by a single permutation vector of length (n)/(8) where n is the length of the code. We present an efficient encoding scheme and circuit design based on the single permutation. Simulation results indicate that these codes perform as well as regular low density parity check codes based on completely random matrix constructions. These features make the pi-rotation code valuable for practical communication system implementation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Echard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 980 EP 984 PG 5 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800193 ER PT S AU Brahim, GB Khan, B Battou, A Guizani, M Chaudhry, G AF Brahim, GB Khan, B Battou, A Guizani, M Chaudhry, G GP IEEE IEEE TI TRON: The Toolkit for Routing in Optical Networks SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs DE optical access; optical routing; OSPF AB The Toolkit for Routing in Optical Networks (TRON) is a freely available library developed to facilitate research experiments on OSPF-based routing protocols for optical networks. Currently, TRON supports the LightWave-OSPF routing protocol, which is our adaptation of the optical extensions to OSPF proposed in the internet drafts of Kompella et al. [7] and Wang et al.[9]. TRON is implemented in C++ using the Component Architecture for Simulating Network Objects (CASiNO). TRON software can be used in either simulation or emulation mode. In this paper, we describe LightWave-OSPF and the architecture of the TRON software. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brahim, GB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 1445 EP 1449 PG 5 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800284 ER PT S AU Battou, A Khan, B Dardy, H Guizani, M AF Battou, A Khan, B Dardy, H Guizani, M GP IEEE IEEE TI A control plane for wavelength routing networks SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs DE network control; connection management; lightpath provisioning; optical networks AB Just a few years ago, the phrase "optical internet" meant little more than a few WDM fibers whose wavelengths were serving as a link layer to interconnect routers via add/drop multiplexors. By comparison today, multiwavelength reconfigurable optical switches are becoming readily available, enabling for the first time, the development of large-scale high speed optical networks operating at rates in excess of 10 Gbps. At the core of this lightpath management problem for these switched optical networks is the challenge of developing effective mechanisms to coordinate the control planes of different optical switches. In this paper, we describe how the Multi-wavelength Optical Networking (MONET(1)) Program is meeting this challenge today. Specifically, we describe the NRL MONET Control Plane and-though its implementation is not yet fully completed-provide some preliminary measurements and assessment of its effectiveness as a system for lightpath management. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Battou, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 1450 EP 1454 PG 5 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800285 ER PT S AU Khan, B Kleiner, DD Talmage, D AF Khan, B Kleiner, DD Talmage, D GP IEEE IEEE TI OPTIPRISM: A distributed hierarchical network management system for all-optical networks SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs DE network management; optical networks; multiagent system ID WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT AB Optiprism is an agent-based network management system (NMS) providing configuration and fault management services for all-optical networks. Optiprism has been developed and tested on the Multi-wavelength Optical Network (MONET) switches of the Advanced Technology Demonstration Network (ATDnet). Optiprism features a scalable architecture consisting of a distributed hierarchy of intelligent, mobile manager agents. These managers have uniform interfaces, which makes it is easy to add managers from the hierarchy in order to extend Optiprism as the network grows. Using agent mobility, Optiprism is able to reorganize its physical deployment so as to improve overall responsiveness. Finally, Optiprism includes an innovative browser agent which incorporates a scalable solution to the problem of end-user interaction with a large distributed NMS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bilal@cmf.nrl.navy.mil; dkleiner@cmf.nrl.navy.mil; talmage@cmf.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 1531 EP 1535 PG 5 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800301 ER PT S AU Macker, JP Adamson, RB AF Macker, JP Adamson, RB GP IEEE IEEE TI A TCP friendly, rate-based mechanism for NACK-oriented reliable multicast congestion control SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs AB In this paper, we describe ongoing work in adding congestion control extensions to an existing negative acknowledgement (NACK) oriented reliable multicast protocol. Our previous work adopted and used the concept of a dynamic worst path representative (WPR) receiver for equation-based rate adaptation at the multicast source. We have further refined this approach. We present a design overview and simulation results of these extensions within a working reliable multicast protocol (mdp-cc). Our analysis of interflow fairness with steady state TCP unicast sessions demonstrates friendly behavior across a set of scenarios. Testing with more dynamic TCP flows and more complex topologies demonstrates the WPR approach adapts well to changing congestion conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 1620 EP 1625 PG 6 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800318 ER PT S AU Tighe, JE Ha, TT AF Tighe, JE Ha, TT GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance of DS-CDMA cellular forward channel SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs ID POWER-CONTROL; SYSTEMS AB We develop the forward channel model for a DSCDMA cellular system operating in a slow-flat Rayleigh-fading and lognormal-shadowing environment. Forward error correction is integrated into the analysis by applying convolution encoding with soft-decision decoding. The worst-case probability of bit error for a mobile user at the edge of the center cell of a seven-cell cluster is developed using Gaussian approximation. We also incorporate user distribution and power control and antenna sectoring into our analysis. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tighe, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 3400 EP 3404 PG 5 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800655 ER PT S AU Tighe, JE Ha, TT AF Tighe, JE Ha, TT GP IEEE IEEE TI On the sum of multiplicative chi-square-lognormal random variables SO GLOBECOM '01: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01) CY NOV 25-29, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Fujitsu Network Commun, SBC Commun Inc, Siemens, CIENA Corp, Corning Cable Syst, Nortel Networks, Tellabs AB In order to analyze the performance of the DS-CDMA cellular forward channel with convolutional encoding and soft-decision decoding operating in a Rayleigh-fading and lognormal-shadowing environment, we require the probability distribution function for a sum of d multiplicative chi-square(with two degrees of freedom)-lognormal random variables. We approximate the sum using a multiplicative chi-square(with 2d degrees of freedom)-lognormal random variable which is developed in this paper. We further investigate the usefulness of the approximation as it applies to the performance analysis of the DS-CDMA cellular forward channel. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 0-7803-7206-9 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2001 BP 3719 EP 3722 PG 4 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BV36Z UT WOS:000178714800714 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD BE Aharonian, FA Volk, HJ TI Gamma ray bursts, cosmic ray origin, and the unidentified EGRET sources SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUN 26-30, 2000 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Kernphys, DFG, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys HO HEIDELBERG UNIV ID BLACK-HOLES; EMISSION; MODEL AB Statistical arguments show that the volume- and time-averaged kinetic power of GRBs and fireball transients (FTs) into an L* galaxy like the Milky Way is at the level of 10(40) ergs s(-1). This number, though with wide uncertainties related to the internal or external shock efficiency, is sufficient to power hadronic cosmic rays observed locally. The release of energy by the high-mass progenitor stars of GRBs and FTs is sufficient to power the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, as already shown by Waxman and Vietri in 1995. It is sufficient to power the cosmic rays above the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum. Indeed, all hadronic cosmic rays could originate from the high-mass ( greater than or similar to 100 M-circle dot) stars that collapse to black holes, in the process forming GRBs and FTs. This source class represents a new solution to the problem of cosmic-ray origin. The similar to 10(4)-10(7) black holes made by these stars could make their presence known by radiating as they accrete from the ISM, by microlensing background radiations, and by forming luminous binary systems. Some unidentified EGRET sources could be isolated black holes that accrete from the ISM. Better imaging and sensitivity with GLAST and TeV observatories will test tl lis model for the unidentified gamma -ray sources, and this theory for cosmic-ray origin. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-990-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 558 BP 202 EP 217 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS12B UT WOS:000168728000017 ER PT J AU Trafton, JG Trickett, SB AF Trafton, JG Trickett, SB TI Note-taking for self-explanation and problem solving SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID STUDENTS; NOTETAKING; LESSONS AB We explore the effects of interfaces to take notes on problem solving and learning in a scientific discovery domain. In 2 experiments (1 correlational, 1 experimental), participants solved a series of 5 scientific reasoning problems in a computer environment. We provided some participants with access to an online notepad and found 3 main results: (a) Using the notepad helped participants solve the problems more accurately; (b) the benefits of using the notepad persisted after participants had stopped using it; and (c) participants who used the notepad for problem solving and self-explanation learned more, regardless of the type of notepad interface that was provided. Implications for learning systems with online notepads are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5513, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM trafton@itd.nrl.navy.mil; stricket@gmu.edu NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0024 J9 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT JI Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1207/S15327051HCI1601_1 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 449CU UT WOS:000169667400001 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Trafton, G AF Lanzagorta, M Rosenberg, R Trafton, G BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Cognitive processes in scientific visualization SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VI CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB What makes a graphic image a good visualization? Why is one visualization better than another? Why are 3D visualizations better than 2D visualizations in some cases but not others? How does the size of the display, color, contrast level, brightness or frame rate affect the usability of the visualization, and how do these "physical" quantities affect the type and amount of information that can be extracted from the visualization by the user? These are just a few of the questions that a multi-disciplinary effort at the Naval Research Laboratory are trying to answer. By combining visualization experts, physicists and cognitive scientists, we are trying to understand the cognitive processes carried out in the minds of scientists at the time they perform a visual analysis of their data. The results from this project are being used for the design of visualization methodologies and basic cognitive work. In this paper we present a general description of our project and a brief discussion of the results obtained trying to understand why 3D visualizations are sometimes better than 2D, as most of the attempts at studying this problem have resulted in theories that are either too vague or under-specified, or not informative across different contexts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3977-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4299 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1117/12.429528 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BT01Y UT WOS:000171643600052 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Arabnia, HR TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: Decision trees and EA model SO IC-AI'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Appl Press, Int Technol Inst Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE fuzzy logic; resource management; genetic algorithms; expert systems; distributed Al algorithm AB An expert system based on fuzzy logic and optimized by a genetic algorithm has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time. This expert system or resource manager is made up of four trees, the isolated platform tree, the multi-platform tree, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. The isolated platform tree provides a fuzzy decision tree that allows an individual platform to respond to a threat. The multi-platform tree allows a group of platforms to respond to a threat in a collaborative fashion. The fuzzy parameter selection tree is designed to make optimal selections of root concept parameters. Finally, the strategy tree is a fuzzy tree that an agent uses to try to predict the behavior of an enemy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-81-5 PY 2001 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BT75P UT WOS:000173960400061 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Arabnia, HR TI Co-evolutionary data mining to discover rules for fuzzy resource management SO IC-AI'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Appl Press, Int Technol Inst Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; resource manager; genetic algorithms; expert systems ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM AB A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. An approach to optimization is being explored that involves embedding the resource manager in an electronic game environment. The game allows a human expert to play against the resource manager in a simulated battlespace with each of the defending platforms being exclusively directed by the fuzzy resource manager and the attacking platforms being controlled by the human expert or operating autonomously under their own logic. This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge. It calls a data mining, function a algorithm, for data mining of the database as required and allows easy evaluation of the information date mined. The criterion for re-optimization is discussed. The mined information is extremely valuable as indicated by demanding scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-81-5 PY 2001 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BT75P UT WOS:000173960400078 ER PT B AU Campbell, GE Buff, WL Bolton, AE Holness, DO AF Campbell, GE Buff, WL Bolton, AE Holness, DO BE Altmann, EM Cleeremans, A Schunn, CD Gray, WD TI The application of mathematical techniques for modeling decision-making: Lessons learned from a preliminary study SO ICCM - 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling CY JUL 26-28, 2001 CL GEORGE MASON UNIV, FAIRFAX, VA SP USN Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USAF Res Lab Human Effectiveness Directorate, CHI Syst, BBN Technologies HO GEORGE MASON UNIV ID JUDGMENT AB We are conducting a series of research studies to investigate the application of mathematical modeling for training decision-making. Along the way, we have learned many lessons in trying to apply math modeling to training such as choosing the right domain, including a sufficient number of observations, adding the right predictors to the mathematical equations, and selecting the right model on which to base training feedback. We hope these lessons learned will help other researchers who are interested in applying mathematical modeling techniques. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div AIR4961, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-4042-7 PY 2001 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Psychology, Developmental SC Computer Science; Psychology GA BS64T UT WOS:000170688900007 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Cascaded coefficient number systems lead to FIR filters of striking computational efficiency SO ICECS 2001: 8TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONICS, CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS I-III, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems CY SEP 02-05, 2001 CL ST JULIANS, MALTA SP IEEE CAS, MALTACOM, Air Malta, MITTS, Univ Malta AB Multiplierless FIR filters (or other fixed linear combiners) are built as add/subtract networks operating on bit-shifted input data. Classically, the computational structure required is determined by simply expressing the coefficients in canonical-signed-digit (CSD) form. In this paper, expressing coefficients in a higher-radix number system instead results in a computational structure for a partial solution, one that reduces a large linear-combination problem to a smaller one. A well-chosen sequence of such number systems then leads to a cascade of these problem-reducing networks that together solve the original problem with remarkable overall computational efficiency, especially for larger filters. An example FIR filter with a real chirp impulse response 3000 samples in length (a matched filter for a pulse-compression radar) was easily realized with -95 dB rms approximation error using less than two add or subtract operations per coefficient. This is a reduction of approximately 60% relative to the usual CSD method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7057-0 PY 2001 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU45Q UT WOS:000176019100126 ER PT J AU Jay, B Datta, A Goodman, A Johnson, WR AF Jay, B Datta, A Goodman, A Johnson, WR TI Military qualification of a high-reliability, light-weight 24V/30Ah aircraft battery SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The United States Navy has flown Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries (VRLA) for approximately 18 years. The first VRLA aircraft batteries were cylindrical cell design and evolved to a prismatic design to save weight, volume, and to increase rate capability. This paper discusses the next generation of the VRLA aircraft battery. The HORIZON composite grid VRLA design reduces weight, increases high rate performance, and is expected to increase service life. This Commercial Operations and Support Cost Savings Initiative (COSSI) is being jointly funded by Electrosource, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) - Joint Dual Use Program Office, and Naval Air Systems Command. This paper discusses the weight reduction over the present 30 Ah prismatic VRLA aircraft battery design; improvements in high rate engine start performance, and present status of the development effort. Finally, the paper discusses the applications for the 30 Ah composite grid VRLA aircraft battery, and shows the future application opportunities for light-weight VRLA, both in the military and commercially. C1 Electrosource Inc, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Lexington Pk, MD 20670 USA. RP Jay, B (reprint author), Electrosource Inc, 2809 IH 35 S, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1109/62.894175 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 394CN UT WOS:000166506600006 ER PT J AU Capps, M McDowell, P Zyda, M AF Capps, M McDowell, P Zyda, M TI A future for entertainment-defense research collaboration SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Capps, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1109/38.895129 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 387UE UT WOS:000166139600008 ER PT J AU Perzanowski, D Schultz, AC Adams, W Marsh, E Bugajska, M AF Perzanowski, D Schultz, AC Adams, W Marsh, E Bugajska, M TI Building a multimodal human-robot interface SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS & THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Multimodal Multimedia Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dennisp@aic.nrl.navy.mil; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil; adams@aic.nrl.navy.mil; marsh@aic.nrl.navy.mil; magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST APP JI IEEE Intell. Syst. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1109/MIS.2001.1183338 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 412VU UT WOS:000167575700008 ER PT S AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Investigation of the risk to software reliability and maintainability of requirements changes SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE, PROCEEDINGS: SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE EVOLUTION IN THE ERA OF THE INTERNET SE Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM 2001) CY NOV 07-09, 2001 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, AICA, AIIA, CESVIT, ERCIM, TABOO, UNINFO, IBM Italia, O Grp Technol, Telelog Italia, Univ Florence, Dipartimento Sistemi & Informat DE risk assessment; reliability; maintainability ID PREDICTION AB In order to continue to make progress in software measurement, as it pertains to reliability and maintainability, we must shift the emphasis from design and code metrics to metrics that characterize the risk of making requirements changes. Although these software attributes can be difficult to deal with due to the fuzzy requirements front which they are derived, the advantage of have early indicators of future software problems outweighs this inconvenience. We developed an approach for identifying requirements change risk factors as predictors of reliability and maintain ability problems. Our case example consists of twenty-four Space Shuttle change requests, nineteen risk factors, and the associated failures and software metrics. The approach can be generalized to other domains with numerical results that would vary according to application. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nschneid@nps.navy.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6773 BN 0-7695-1189-9; 0-7695-1190-2 J9 PROC IEEE INT CONF S PY 2001 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1109/ICSM.2001.972723 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BT53R UT WOS:000173273000021 ER PT J AU Simmen, JA Stanic, SJ Goodman, RR AF Simmen, JA Stanic, SJ Goodman, RR TI Special issue on high-frequency acoustics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Ocean Acoust Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Simmen, JA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ocean Acoust Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 424HB UT WOS:000168225900001 ER PT J AU Thorsos, EI Williams, KL Chotiros, NP Christoff, JT Commander, KW Greenlaw, CF Holliday, DV Jackson, DR Lopes, JL McGehee, DE Piper, JE Richardson, MD Tang, D AF Thorsos, EI Williams, KL Chotiros, NP Christoff, JT Commander, KW Greenlaw, CF Holliday, DV Jackson, DR Lopes, JL McGehee, DE Piper, JE Richardson, MD Tang, D TI An overview of SAX99: Acoustic measurements SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic imaging; acoustic measurements; acoustic scattering; attenuation measurements; buried object detection; seafloor; sediments; synthetic aperture sonar ID HIGH-FREQUENCY BOTTOM; SEA-FLOOR; SUBCRITICAL PENETRATION; SHALLOW-WATER; SANDY BOTTOM; SCATTERING; SEDIMENT; SOUND; BACKSCATTER; ROUGHNESS AB A high-frequency acoustic experiment was performed at a site 2 km from shore on the Florida Panhandle near Fort Walton Beach in water of 18-19 m depth, The goal of the experiment was, for high-frequency acoustic fields (mostly in the 10-300-kHz range), to quantify backscattering from the seafloor sediment, penetration into the sediment, and propagation within the sediment. In addition, spheres and other objects were used to gather data on acoustic detection of buried objects, The high-frequency acoustic interaction with the medium sand sediment was investigated at grazing angles both above and below the critical angle of about 30 degrees. Detailed characterizations of the upper seafloor physical properties were made to aid in quantifying the acoustic interaction with the seafloor. Biological processes within the seabed and the water column mere also investigated with the goal of understanding their impact on acoustic properties. This paper summarizes the topics that motivated the experiment, outlines the scope of the measurements done, and presents preliminary acoustics results. A preliminary summary of the meteorological, oceanographic, and seafloor conditions found during the experiment is given by Richardson ef al. [1]. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. BAE SYST, Anal & Appl Res Div, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Thorsos, EI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 40 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 4 EP 25 DI 10.1109/48.917916 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 424HB UT WOS:000168225900002 ER PT J AU Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Bibee, LD Jumars, PA Sawyer, WB Albert, DB Bennett, RH Berger, TK Buckingham, MJ Chotiros, NP Dahl, PH Dewitt, NT Fleischer, P Flood, R Greenlaw, CF Holliday, DV Hulbert, MH Hutnak, MP Jackson, PD Jaffe, JS Johnson, HP Lavoie, DL Lyons, AP Martens, CS McGehee, DE Moore, KD Orsi, TH Piper, JN Ray, RI Reed, AH Self, RFL Schmidt, JL Schock, SG Simonet, F Stoll, RD Tang, D Thistle, DE Thorsos, EI Walter, DJ Wheatcroft, RA AF Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Bibee, LD Jumars, PA Sawyer, WB Albert, DB Bennett, RH Berger, TK Buckingham, MJ Chotiros, NP Dahl, PH Dewitt, NT Fleischer, P Flood, R Greenlaw, CF Holliday, DV Hulbert, MH Hutnak, MP Jackson, PD Jaffe, JS Johnson, HP Lavoie, DL Lyons, AP Martens, CS McGehee, DE Moore, KD Orsi, TH Piper, JN Ray, RI Reed, AH Self, RFL Schmidt, JL Schock, SG Simonet, F Stoll, RD Tang, D Thistle, DE Thorsos, EI Walter, DJ Wheatcroft, RA TI Overview of SAX99: Environmental considerations SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; acoustic scattering; acoustic velocity measurement; geologic measurements; marine animals; meteorology; seafloor; sediments ID WATER-SATURATED SAND; PROCESSES CONTROLLING METHANE; GASSY COASTAL SEDIMENTS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUND-PROPAGATION; SUBCRITICAL PENETRATION; BIOT MODEL; DENSITY AB A 1-km(2) area located 2 km off the Florida Panhandle (30 degrees 22.6'N; 86 degrees 38.7'W) was selected as the site to conduct high-frequency acoustic seafloor penetration, sediment propagation, and bottom scattering experiments [1]. Side scan, multibeam, and normal incidence chirp acoustic surveys as well as subsequent video surveys, diver observations, and vibra coring, indicate a uniform distribution of surficial and subbottom seafloor characteristics within the area. The site, in 18-19 m of water, is characterized by 1-2-m-thick fine-to-medium clean sand and meets the logistic and scientific requirements specified for the acoustic experiments. This paper provides a preliminary summary of the meteorological, oceanographic, and seafloor conditions found during the experiments and describes the important physical and biological processes that control the spatial distribution and temporal changes in these characteristics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. SEAPROBE Inc, Picayune, MS 39466 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Southampton, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Studies & Reg Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. BAE SYST, Anal & Appl Res Div, Ocean Sci Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Pittman Moore Inc, Terre Haute, IN 47808 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NATO SACLANT, Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70658 USA. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Sch Oceanog, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Ocean Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Thistle, David/P-4052-2015 OI Thistle, David/0000-0002-8436-6987 NR 74 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 26 EP 53 DI 10.1109/48.917921 PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 424HB UT WOS:000168225900003 ER PT J AU Rouseff, D Henyey, FS Caruthers, JW Stanic, SJ AF Rouseff, D Henyey, FS Caruthers, JW Stanic, SJ TI Tomographic reconstruction of shallow water bubble fields SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic tomography; bubbles; underwater acoustic propagation ID RIP CURRENTS; ATTENUATION AB In March of 1997, a shallow water experiment was conducted near the Scripps Pier in La Jolla, CA, USA. The goal was to determine the dynamics, distribution, and acoustic effects of bubbles just offshore from active surf. A major component of the experiment was the "Delta Frame," an apparatus that supported two acoustic sources and eight receivers. Acoustic intensity was measured at frequencies between 39 and 244 kHz over the resulting 16 horizontal ray paths. Paths ranged in length from 2.5 to 8.6 m, In the present paper, a tomography algorithm is developed and implemented using Delta Frame data. Measurements are combined to produce quantitative cross-sectional images of the attenuation associated with the bubble cloud, Numerical simulations predict that the frame can resolve details of the field down to about 2 m, Images constructed at different acoustic frequencies are scaled and compared. A 5-min sequence of images is studied in detail. Swell waves are shown to cause rapid fluctuations in the images. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rouseff, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1109/48.917949 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 424HB UT WOS:000168225900012 ER PT J AU Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS Vohra, ST AF Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS Vohra, ST TI Reflective digital optical switch (RDOS) for DWDM optical network applications SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE digital modulation; electrooptical switch; optical communication; wavelength-division multiplexing ID COMMUNICATION; MODULATORS AB A novel, high-performance, reflective digital optical switch for use in dense wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) network applications is presented. Highly reliable Ti-LiNbO(3) devices show high-speed polarization-independent reflection modulation with 30-dB ON-OFF ratios over a wavelength range from 1520 to 1570 nm. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 DI 10.1109/68.903212 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 403YP UT WOS:000167071000012 ER PT J AU Kaminer, I Kang, W Yakimenko, O Pascoal, A AF Kaminer, I Kang, W Yakimenko, O Pascoal, A TI Application of nonlinear filtering to navigation system design using passive sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MOTION ESTIMATION; VISION; AIRCRAFT; POSITION AB The problem of navigation system design for autonomous aircraft landing is addressed, New nonlinear filter structures are introduced to estimate the position and velocity of an aircraft with respect to a possibly moving landing site, such as a naval vessel, based on measurements provided by airborne vision and inertial sensors. By exploring the geometry of the navigation problem, the navigation filter dynamics are cast in the framework of linear parametrically varying systems (LPVs), Using this set-up, filter performance and stability are studied in an H-infinity setting by resorting to the theory of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), The design of nonlinear, regionally stable filters to meet adequate H-infinity performance measures is thus converted into that of determining the feasibility of a related set of LMIs and finding a solution to them, if it exists. This is done by using widely available numerical tools that borrow from convex optimization techniques, The mathematical framework that is required for integrated vision/inertial navigation system design is developed and a design example for an air vehicle landing on an aircraft carrier is detailed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 158 EP 172 DI 10.1109/7.913675 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 412JP UT WOS:000167551500012 ER PT J AU Purdy, DS AF Purdy, DS TI Receiver antenna scan rate requirements needed to implement pulse chasing in a bistatic radar receiver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Pulse chasing is a technique implemented by a bistatic or multistatic radar system that allows rapid and efficient search of a desired volume of space whereby the receiving antenna is made to follow or "chase" the transmitted pulse as it travels radially outward from the transmitter antenna, An expression for receiver antenna scan rate requirements is derived that corrects an error in the prior literature. The results give significantly reduced scan rates in the forward scatter region near the baseline showing that pulse chasing is more easily implemented using conventional analog beamformer phased array technology than was suggested by prior work. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22043 USA. RP Purdy, DS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 312,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22043 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1109/7.913687 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 412JP UT WOS:000167551500023 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B Whaley, DR AF Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Levush, B Whaley, DR TI A three-dimensional multifrequency large signal model for helix traveling wave tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE helix; large signal; multifrequency; simulation; space charge; three-dimensional; traveling wave tubes ID NONLINEAR-THEORY AB A three-dimensional (3-D) multifrequency large signal model of the beam-wave interaction in a helix TWT is described. The beam is divided into a set of discrete rays, or "beamlets", instead of the disks or rings used in one-dimensional (1-D) or two-dimensional (2-D) models, The RF fields supported by the helix are represented by a tape helix model that uses a modal expansion including the full (Bessel function) radial dependence of the fields; both forward and backward synchronous space harmonics are included in the model. RF space charge fields are obtained from solutions of the Helmholtz equations for the RF electric and RF magnetic fields, using the beam current and charge densities as sources. The de space charge electric field is similarly obtained from a solution of Poisson's equation. This model has been implemented in a code called CHRISTINE 3D, a generalization of the one dimensional CHRISTINE code. The full three dimensional treatment permits the accurate computation of large signal gain and efficiency, taking into account the self-consistent variation of beam radius along the interaction space. The code also computes helix interception current and transverse beam distributions at the entrance to the collector-important design data that are unavailable from a 1-D model. Results from the CHRISTINE 3D code are shown to compare very favorably with measurements of output power, efficiency, and interception current vs. drive power. Its predictions for spent beam distributions also compare very well with measurements. Run times for the code are problem dependent, but for a single case of interest are typically 1 to 5 min on a 450 MHz PC, orders of magnitude shorter than that required for a comparable 3D particle-in cell simulation. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 20 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1109/16.892161 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 388KA UT WOS:000166178600002 ER PT J AU Safier, PN Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B AF Safier, PN Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B TI Simulation of noise-power ratio with the large-signal code CHRISTINE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE amplifier distortion; communication system nonlinearities; design automation; intermodulation distortion; simulation; traveling wave tubes AB This paper describes simulations of the noise-power ratio (NPR) for a helix traveling wave tube (TWT) performed with the large-signal, one-dimensional (1-D), multifrequency code CHRISTINE. The results obtained with this code are in better agreement with measured values than are the more traditional values calculated by power series. We conclude that NPR simulations with large-signal codes have the potential to shorten the design phase of TWTs by eliminating the need for repeated build-test cycles to meet a required NPR. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Safier, PN (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1109/16.892164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 388KA UT WOS:000166178600005 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Pershing, DE Danly, BG Garven, M Levush, B Antonsen, TM AF Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Pershing, DE Danly, BG Garven, M Levush, B Antonsen, TM TI Design of a Ka-band gyro-TWT for radar applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE gyro-amplifiers; gyrotron traveling wave tube; magnetron injection gun; radars ID TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER; GHZ GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; GAIN; SIMULATION; BANDWIDTH; POWER AB The design of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier capable of operating over a wide range of peak powers and bandwidths is presented. The amplifier operates in the TE11 mode at the fundamental cyclotron harmonic. Instantaneous bandwidths in the range of 2.5 to 3.9 GHz (at I dB below saturation) with corresponding peak powers between 92.2 and 57.9 kW can be achieved by simply adjusting the mod-anode voltage of the electron gun. The corresponding gains range from 57.1 to 36.0 dB, The design performance is obtained with a high quality, 6 A, 70 kV electron beam generated with a double-anode magnetron injection gun. This wide range performance capability in the design is achieved via the use of the distributed loss approach in the interacting circuit, which also guarantees zero-drive stability, A diffractive loading scheme is employed in the lossy section of the circuit to ensure high average power operation of the amplifier. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1109/16.892176 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 388KA UT WOS:000166178600017 ER PT J AU Bushway, RR AF Bushway, RR TI Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System development considerations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE electromagnetic aircraft launch; integrated program team; knowledge integration AB The U,S, Navy is developing an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System for its nest generation of aircraft carriers. Its approach to the program is predicated on the state of the technology and expertise of the participants. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bushway, RR (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1109/20.911789 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300010 ER PT J AU Elwell, RJ Garman, RW Doyle, M AF Elwell, RJ Garman, RW Doyle, M TI Thermal management techniques for an advanced linear motor in an electric aircraft recovery system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE advanced linear motor; cooling; electric aircraft recovery system; thermal management AB A study was conducted to quantify the thermal characteristics and to determine alternative methods to maintain thermal equilibrium for an advanced linear motor (ALM). The ALM is an essential component in the design and development of the next generation aircraft launch and recovery systems. The concept provides advantages over current systems in the areas of ship impact (reduced weight and volume), expanded operational envelope, and reduced manpower. The development of a thermal management system for the ALM is critical for maximizing the benefits of these new launch and recovery systems. This thermal management study investigated nine current and six novel cooling approaches. The study was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division at Lakehurst, NJ. This study focused on an BLM to be utilized in an electric aircraft recovery system. The current technologies studied were forced-air and direct-water cooling, alternative cooling fluids, immersion cooling, heat pipes, phase change materials (PCM), vapor-compression refrigeration, thermoelectric, and Stirling cycle cooling. The six novel concepts studied were Malone refrigeration, pulse tube refrigeration, thermionic cooling, thermoacoustic refrigeration, magnetic refrigeration, and ejector expansion refrigeration. It was determined that direct water-cooling would provide effective cooling in terms of system size, weight, and thermal performance, Estimates for liquid immersion and PC revealed that these technologies may provide potential cooling solutions, particularly in the moving components. From the list of experimental concepts evaluated, thermionic and magnetic refrigeration were determined to be promising viable technologies. However, these technologies are in their infancy and additional development is required. C1 Anteon Co, Machinery Syst Grp, Anal & Technol, Annapolis, MD USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ USA. RP Elwell, RJ (reprint author), Anteon Co, Machinery Syst Grp, Anal & Technol, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.1109/20.911881 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300101 ER PT J AU Fischer, RP Fliflet, AW AF Fischer, RP Fliflet, AW TI Cold tests and modeling of low-Q quasi-optical resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE cold tests; coupling holes; diffraction theory; Fabry-Perot resonators; millimeter-wave resonators; Q factor AB Measurement are reported on low-Q open resonators at 85 GHz with a large centered coupling hole in each mirror. This is the rst study of open resonators with large diffraction losses and efficient input coupling at millimeter wavelengths, The input resonator for a quasi-optical gyroklystron is described with quality factor Q = 2000 and 13% round-trip losses where approximately 65% of the incident power in the waveguide is coupled to the fundamental TEM,, mode. Two models have been developed to calculate the coupling from the rectangular waveguide through a circular aperture into the open resonator, Both models properly account for the increased diffraction loss of the resonator when coupling apertures are present. Measured results are in reasonably good agreement with values calculated using both scalar diffraction theory and an equivalent-circuit model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1109/22.899962 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 398AX UT WOS:000166732500009 ER PT S AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Energy efficiency in energy-limited wireless networks for session-based multicasting SO IEEE VTC 53RD VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, SPRING 2001, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL RHODES, GREECE SP IEEE AB In this paper we consider source-initiated multicast session traffic in an ad hoc wireless network under hard constraints on the available transmission energy as well as on bandwidth and transceiver resources. We compare energy-limited and energy-efficient communications, and we illustrate the impact of these overlapping (and sometimes conflicting) considerations on network operation. We use alternative energy-based cost metrics with two algorithms for the construction of multicast trees. These algorithms are evaluated on the basis of several appropriate performance measures. A remarkable result is that they deliver a volume of traffic that is near v independent of the bandwidth and transceiver resources over a wide range of parameter values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; nguycn@itd.nrl.navy.mil; tony@eng.umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-6728-6 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2001 BP 2838 EP 2842 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BT69Q UT WOS:000173779000574 ER PT B AU Gao, BC Ridgway, WR Li, RR Ping, Y AF Gao, BC Ridgway, WR Li, RR Ping, Y GP IEEE IEEE TI Case studies of aircraft contrails using the 1.375-micron channel and IR emission channels on MODIS SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200019 ER PT B AU Sletten, MA Twarog, E Zhang, XH McLaughlin, DJ AF Sletten, MA Twarog, E Zhang, XH McLaughlin, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Variability in the evolution of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume front as observed with a real aperture radar SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB In this paper, time sequences of radar imagery are presented that illustrate the spatial and temporal evolution of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume front. These images were collected in May 1997 and May 1999 during parts 2 and 5 of the Chesapeake Bay Outflow Plume Experiment (COPE2 and COPES, respectively). The COPES data set features an image sequence that spans nearly ten hours during the early-flood to maximum-ebb portion of the semidiurnal tidal cycle. The frontal evolution shown in this continuous image sequence shows a striking resemblance to that implied by a "composite" sequence from COPE2, formed by combining data from two separate flights flown on two consecutive days, indicating a high degree of reproducibility in the frontal evolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7255,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 281 EP 283 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200090 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Grunes, MR Pottier, E Ferro-Famil, L AF Lee, JS Grunes, MR Pottier, E Ferro-Famil, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Segmentation of polarimetric SAR images SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB In this paper, we proposed a new polarimetric SAR segmentation scheme based on the effect of speckle filtering for initial segmentation. We also incorporate a technique to preserve the scattering mechanism for pixels in each class. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 414 EP 416 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200134 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI A new method for a posteriori polarimetric SAR calibration SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB Fully polarimetric SAR data analysis has found wide application for terrain classification, land-use, soil moisture and ground cover classification. Critical to all analyses and applications is accurate calibration of the relative amplitudes of and phases between the various polarimetric channels. Here we develop a "minimalist" approach to polarimetric calibration, wherein only the weakest of constraints, reciprocity, is initially imposed upon the data. Additional parameters are self-consistently estimated from the data. In this manner channel imbalances and cross-talk are estimated without unduly biasing the resulting polarimetric information. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 420 EP 422 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200136 ER PT B AU Bobak, JP Dowgiallo, DJ McGlothlin, NR St Germain, KM AF Bobak, JP Dowgiallo, DJ McGlothlin, NR St Germain, KM GP IEEE IEEE TI APMIR: Airborne polarimetric microwave imaging radiometer SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB APMIR is a new instrument that is currently under construction at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D. C. The system will include channels from C- to Ka-band (specifically 6.6, 6.8, 7.2, 10.7 or 10.65, 18.7 or 19.35, 22.23 or 23.8, and 37.0 or 36.5 GHz). Each channel will provide vertically- and horizontally-polarized brightness temperatures, and several (10.7, 18.7, and 37.0 GHz) will be fully polarimetric. This instrument is being built to provide calibration data for two satellite programs, as well as for supporting algorithm development. The first satellite is the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's SSMIS, which is scheduled to launch in 2001. The second instrument is the Coriolis WindSat, a,joint Navy, NPOESS, and Air Force mission, scheduled for launch in 2002. Additionally, APMIR has many of the same frequency bands as AMSR-E. Though the system has been developed primarily for the calibration effort, a great deal of flexibility has been incorporated, such that other missions can be accommodated. These satellite instruments have extremely tight error budgets, which in turn lead to correspondingly formidable error budgets for the instruments involved in calibration. A new aircraft system, planned and built from the ground up with the design philosophy of controlling the errors that are critical to the calibration of these particular instruments, was thought to be the best way to meet the error budget. An extra degree of care has been exercised in all areas, but particularly antenna pointing determination and control, system environmental control, EMI suppression and power supply stability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bobak, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7223 Bldg 2 Room 230B,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 505 EP 507 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200163 ER PT B AU Rose, LA Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Dowgiallo, DJ Asher, W Reising, SC Horgan, KA Knapp, EJ Farquharson, G AF Rose, LA Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Dowgiallo, DJ Asher, W Reising, SC Horgan, KA Knapp, EJ Farquharson, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam were conducted in May 2000 at the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment using radiometers operating at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz. Horizontal and vertical polarization measurements were made at 36.5 GHz; horizontal, vertical, +45, - 45, left circular, and right circular polarization measurements were obtained at 10.8 GHz. Surface foam was generated by blowing compressed air through gas permeable tubes supported by an aluminum frame and floats. Video micrographs of the foam were used to measure bubble size distribution and foam layer thickness. A video camera was boresighted with the radiometers to determine beam-fill fraction of the foam generator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 564 EP 566 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200182 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Dubois, K Fusina, RA Bettenhausen, M Porter, JH Truitt, BR AF Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Dubois, K Fusina, RA Bettenhausen, M Porter, JH Truitt, BR GP IEEE IEEE TI Automatic land-cover classification of a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve using HYMAP imagery: An intercomparison of methods SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID PROJECTION PURSUIT AB Automatic land-cover maps were developed from HYMAP hyperspectral imagery acquired May 8, 2000 over Smith Island, VA in the Virginia Coast Reserve. Both unsupervised and supervised classification approaches were used to create these products. Ground surveys made by us in late October and early December, 2000 provided ground truth data for various land-cover types. We used GPS data from these surveys to extract spectral end-members used In supervised land-cover classification models. Both approaches to the classification problem produced consistent results for some categories such as spartina alterniflora, although there were differences for other categories. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7255, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 637 EP 639 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200194 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL Kasilingam, D Boerner, WM AF Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL Kasilingam, D Boerner, WM GP IEEE IEEE TI Interpreting off-diagonal terms in polarimetric coherency matrix SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB This paper addresses interpretation of off-diagonal terms in the coherency matrix of polarimetric SAR data. The off-diagonal terms, especially the correlations between copolarization and cross-polarization are frequently ignored in many studies. We will show that this misconception will introduce errors, especially when imaging rugged terrain areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 913 EP 915 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200286 ER PT B AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Nesti, G AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Nesti, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Remote sensing of surface roughness using polarimetric SAR data SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB The circular polarization coherence, rho(RRLL), is investigated in this paper as a measure of terrain surface roughness. The studies utilized data collected 1) from dielectric surfaces in an anechoic chamber and, 2) from a larger desert test site using P-, L-, and C-band NASA/JPL AIRSAR data. These experimental results, and supporting theory, indicate a sensitive decorrelation Of \rho(RRLL)\ with increasing surface roughness ks. Practical measurement issues and a performance comparison relative to the polarimetric anisotropy A are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 916 EP 918 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200287 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Optimal polarimetric decomposition variables non-linear dimensionality reduction SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB Polarimetric SAR image analysis often depends upon proper identification of the relevant degrees of freedom for the problem at hand. Employing physical models of particular scattering processes simplifies identification of the appropriate polarimetric variables. Determining how well variables chosen on the basis of a particular model describe the region of applicability of that model is difficult. Here we attempt in a model independent manner to identify "optimal" variables to both segment an image and highlight the variation within each segment. The method presently employed is non-linear dimensionality reduction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 928 EP 930 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200291 ER PT B AU Smith, GB Leighton, RI AF Smith, GB Leighton, RI GP IEEE IEEE TI A model for the aqueous thermal boundary layer at an air-water interface SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID GAS TRANSFER; SKIN AB A fundamental understanding of the thermal characteristics of the air-water boundary is critical to applications such as remote sensing of the bulk sea temperature and modeling of the heat transfer through the interface. The objective of the current work is to develop a model of the thermal boundary layer on the aqueous side of an air-water interface. This model is based on the surface strain model Csanady[1] developed for gas transfer. The primary underlying assumption is that a quasi-steady straining exists at the air-water interface. This quasi-steady straining field maintains a steady state aqueous thermal boundary. With this approach the properties of the thermal boundary layer can then be related to a variety of hydrodynamic conditions. This approach is motivated by experimental evidence and validated with simulation results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sening Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, GB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sening Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 934 EP 936 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200293 ER PT B AU Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ AF Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Daily and seasonal variations of water vapor and high clouds observed from MODIS data in the near-IR spectral region SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID CHANNEL C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1200 EP 1202 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200378 ER PT B AU Preller, RH Posey, PG Beesley, T AF Preller, RH Posey, PG Beesley, T GP IEEE IEEE TI An evaluation of the PIPS 2.0 ice cover versus SSMI ice concentration from 1992-2000 SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB The Polar Ice Prediction System 2.0 (PIPS 2.0) is a coupled ice-ocean model developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for the prediction of ice thickness, ice drift and ice concentration. The model has been run operationally by the U.S. Navy at the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) since the mid-1990's and produces a 120-hour forecast of ice conditions in the Arctic and its marginal seas. PIPS 2.0 is driven by the atmospheric forecast fields from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). In an operational mode, PIPS 2.0 assimilates SSMI derived ice concentration each day. In a research mode, the SSMI ice concentration data is not assimilated, rather it is used for model metrics (validation). PIPS 2.0 results are presented as a time series for the period 1992-2000. Model results are correlated to the atmospheric forcing and evaluated against SSMI ice coverage data. In addition, the atmospheric forcing is evaluated against Sheba observations taken in 1997-1998. Biases in the model-derived ice fields directly related to biases in the atmospheric forcing fields. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Preller, RH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1263 EP 1265 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200399 ER PT B AU Choi, J Kwak, S AF Choi, J Kwak, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Localization of target tracking and navigation by correcting atmospheric effects SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB For any type of target tracking and navigation, the localization is critical for tracking/navigation missions. The real-time localization error correction for the atmospheric refraction can be achieved through the ray bending compensation by the refractivity profiles or ray-tracing. Ray-tracing can be computed through the real-time weather data (surface temperature, pressure, and relative humidity or dew-point from daily/hourly, local meteorology, or global climatology data. Operational results of this new technique indicate that the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of radio-waves vary dynamically in hours, days, months, seasons and geographically. Errors for the low elevation angles less than 10 degrees are much higher than expected for higher frequencies above 300 MHz, and it should be calibrated or corrected In tactical operation and strategic system implementation. The localization of tracking and navigation mission can be achieved within a couple of hundred meters If the integrity of measured tactical data Is well within the confidence boundary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Integrated Branch C41, Washington, DC 20357 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Integrated Branch C41, Washington, DC 20357 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1711 EP 1713 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200545 ER PT B AU Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Porter, JH Truitt, B AF Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Porter, JH Truitt, B GP IEEE IEEE TI High resolution remote sensing observations at the Virginia coastal reserve long-tem ecological research site SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB In this investigation, we use data from HyMap(TM), an airborne hyperspectral sensor, and IKONOS, a space borne high spatial resolution multispectral sensor, to investigate the landscape structure and variability of a coastal tidal marsh-barrier island complex. Specifically, we explore the relationship between hyperspectral signature and patch metrics, such as Core Area Index, Shape, and Square Pixel among others. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1865 EP 1867 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200597 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Donato, TF AF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Donato, TF GP IEEE IEEE TI Effects of time series imagery on automated classification of coastal wetland environments using projection pursuit methods SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID LANDSAT TM; RADAR DATA; AREA AB Using a time series of Radarsat SAR and Landsat TM imagery, we developed automated classification models for coastal land-cover in Northampton County, VA. The database consisted of three pairs of images from each sensor taken within one week of each other. We compared the results of models based on data from one set with the results based on data from all three sets for Radarsat only, Landsat only and both sensors combined. For Radarsat only, there Is an increase on the order of 23-30% in the overall classification score for the three-date set compared to the one-date set. This is consistent with previous results based on different classification methods. We found a smaller increase, on the order of 1-5%, for the Landsat only. For combined sensor cases, three-date inputs did not improve results when compared with single-date inputs. For the feature extraction stage, we compared a Projection Pursuit method with Principal Component Analysis. In the final classifier stage, we compared a vector quantization algorithm, LVQ, and the backward propagation of error model with a cross-entropy cost function. The differences given above for one-date versus three-date results hold for all the methods studied. Best model agreement with a National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) map was found for three-date atmospherically corrected Landsat inputs, for which generalization performance was 80.5% of pixels correct, with 86.4% obtained on the cross-validation set used to find a stopping point for model optimization, and 87.9% for the training set. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1868 EP 1870 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200598 ER PT S AU Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Oertel, GF Carlson, CR AF Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Oertel, GF Carlson, CR GP IEEE IEEE TI Temporal analysis of synthetic aperture radar signatures in a back bay-barrier island system SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY AB We examine a 3-year sequence of SAR imagery consisting of 30 RADARSAT frames and find a relationship between radar cross section and tide stage and bathymetry. Most notably, we observe that SAR signal intensity switches between banks within tidal channels on tide reversal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 2169 EP 2171 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200695 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Dubois, K Fusina, RA Bettenhausen, M Porter, JH Truitt, BR AF Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Dubois, K Fusina, RA Bettenhausen, M Porter, JH Truitt, BR GP IEEE IEEE TI Automatic detection of an invasive plant species on a barrier island in the Virginia Coast Reserve using HYMAP and IKONOS imagery SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID PROJECTION PURSUIT AB Invasive plant species such as phragmites australis pose a threat to coastal habitats. This study compares a number of methods for automatically detecting phragmites using a HYMAP scene of Smith Island, Virginia, acquired on May 8, 2000, and an IKONOS scene of the same region acquired on June 6, 2000. The best model for the phragnites distributions used both spectral and spatial-spectral input windows from HYMAP and combined Projection Pursuit (PP) for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction with the traditional ISODATA clustering technique. Although not perfect, this hybrid, unsupervised approach produced the lowest false alarm rate when compared with supervised learning models. Supervised algorithms found phragmites in the open and along the swale edges, but had inordinately high false alarm rates when compared with the PP-ISODATA hybrid. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7255, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 2172 EP 2174 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200696 ER PT B AU Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA AF Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA GP IEEE IEEE TI Temporal analysis of tidal inlet processes using landsat thematic mapper data SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID SHORELINE CHANGES; NORTH-CAROLINA; OUTER BANKS; DYNAMICS; DELTA; INDIA AB In this study, we employ a Landsat time series and numerical techniques to study the littoral processes in and around Hatteras Inlet, NC. Multispectral bathymetric mapping methods and a feature tracking routine are used to estimate shoreline evolution and volumetric changes from subareal sand bodies in the inlet vicinity. The information obtained from this analysis is used to examine tidal delta and shoal evolution, shoreline and inlet migration, sand bypassing and littoral drift. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 2406 EP 2408 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200774 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Dayhoff, JE Jain, AK AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B Dayhoff, JE Jain, AK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Improving classification boundaries by exemplar generation for visual pattern discrimination SO IJCNN'01: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 01) CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB In many applications for visual pattern discrimination, a major drawback is insufficient training data. Often the data contains too few example images, and those images are not distributed along the boundary between the alternative classifications. In this paper we present an approach that develops realistic synthetic data along the boundary between two different discrimination classes, where exemplars are needed the most. Application of this technique to a real life object recognition problem shows a performance comparable to that of a human expert, and far better than a network trained only on the available real data. Furthermore, the results are considerably better than those obtained using non-network discriminators such as Euclidean. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-7044-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2001 BP 2969 EP 2974 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2001.938850 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT36Q UT WOS:000172784800530 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Jurkovic, MJ Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU Turner, GW Manfra, MJ AF Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Jurkovic, MJ Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU Turner, GW Manfra, MJ BE Maust, LJ Martinelli, RU TI Beam quality of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback lasers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V CY JAN 22-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE alpha-DFB; angled grating; mid-IR laser; high-power semiconductor laser; tilted grating ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; FILAMENTATION AB We have studied the far-field characteristics of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback (a-DFB) lasers with W active regions as a function of etch depth, stripe width, and optical pumping intensity. Whereas near-diffraction-limited output is obtained for 50 urn stripes at 10 times threshold, the beam quality degrades rapidly when either the stripe width or the pump intensity is increased. A key finding is that most of the degradation may be attributed to the onset of Fabry-Perot-like lasing modes that propagate along the direct path normal to the facets. We fin-ther show that these parasitic modes may be effectively eliminated by using ion bombardment to create angled virtual mesas surrounded by loss regions. The bombarded structures show substantial improvement of the beam quality for wide pump stripes and high pump intensities, with only a modest reduction in the efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3965-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4287 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.429803 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BS69Z UT WOS:000170897900006 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C BE Gorodetski, VI Popyack, LJ Skormin, VA TI Open issues in formal methods for cryptographic protocol analysis SO INFORMATION ASSURANCE IN COMPUTER NETWORKS: METHODS, MODELS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR NETWORK SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, and Architectures for Network Security Systems (MMM-ACNS 2001) CY MAY 21-23, 2001 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42103-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2052 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY43H UT WOS:000189224600003 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C BE Gorodetski, VI Popyack, LJ Skormin, VA TI Applying practical formal methods to the specification and analysis of security properties SO INFORMATION ASSURANCE IN COMPUTER NETWORKS: METHODS, MODELS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR NETWORK SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, and Architectures for Network Security Systems (MMM-ACNS 2001) CY MAY 21-23, 2001 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat ID SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AB The SCR (Software Cost Reduction) toolset contains tools for specifying, debugging, and verifying system and software requirements. The utility of the SCR tools in detecting specification errors, many involving safety properties, has been demonstrated recently in projects involving practical systems, such as the International Space Station, a flight guidance system, and a U.S. weapons system. This paper briefly describes our experience in applying the tools in the development of two secure systems: a communications device and a biometrics standard for user authentication. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42103-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2052 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY43H UT WOS:000189224600011 ER PT B AU Rubin, SH Murthy, SNJ Milanova, M Rush, RJ Boerke, J AF Rubin, SH Murthy, SNJ Milanova, M Rush, RJ Boerke, J BE Smari, WW TI KASER - A third-generation expert system SO INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE expert systems; KASER (R) (patent pending); knowledge acquisition; randomization ID WORDS AB This paper presents "KASER" (i.e., Knowledge Amplification by Structured Expert Randomization) which is a third generation expert system. It is capable of deductive, inductive, as well as mixed derivations. It exhibits supra-linear learning, which bears proportion to the degree of domain symmetry. The KASER is a creative expert system and its creativity can be controlled by way of squelching. The system achieves creative reasoning through the use of declarative object trees. KASERS compute with words and phrases and present a capability for metaphorical explanation. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rubin, SH (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-41-2 PY 2001 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV55V UT WOS:000179344300020 ER PT B AU Gill, JA Ferguson, F AF Gill, JA Ferguson, F BE Smari, WW TI A tool for the design and analysis of software safety-critical systems SO INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE safety critical systems; neural nets; fuzzy logics; design requirements; software safety AB This paper describes a tool for the design and analysis of military systems with the objective of enhancing their safety-critical success. The tool uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to identify and link undesired system events to their mitigating requirements. An effective implementation of this tool requires all system events to be described in the form of linguistic inference flow charts, such as fault trees. Strategies to automatically process linguistic information include fuzzy logic, neural networks and expert rules. The DOORS(TM) project development and management software provides the platform upon which this tool is built. Also, where appropriate, subsystems are designed with the use of adaptive models, with the objective of enforcing safety requirements at subsystem interfaces. This paper highlights the development of this tool in relation to legacy systems, such as the H-60, and potentially to future systems such as Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). C1 NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Gill, JA (reprint author), NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-41-2 PY 2001 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV55V UT WOS:000179344300022 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Scribner, DA Warren, PR Klein, RB Satyshur, MP Kruer, MR AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Scribner, DA Warren, PR Klein, RB Satyshur, MP Kruer, MR BE Holst, GC TI Resolution enhancement through a temporal accumulation of registered video SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID OPTICAL-FLOW; SEQUENCES AB This paper outlines a generalized image reconstruction approach that improves the resolution of an Electro-Optic (EO) imaging sensor based on multiple frame exposures during a temporal window of video. Such an approach is innovative in that it does not depend on controlled micro dithering of the camera, nor require the set of exposures to maintain any strictly defined transformation. It suffices to assume such video is physically captured by a focal plane array, and loosely requires some relative motion between sensor and subject. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5636,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.439148 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400015 ER PT S AU Tyo, JS Baretela, MJ Buchenauer, CJ Bowen, LH Farr, EG AF Tyo, JS Baretela, MJ Buchenauer, CJ Bowen, LH Farr, EG BE Brandt, HE TI Increase in the prompt radiated field from an IRA by aperture design techniques SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VIII CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE UWB antennas; impulse radiating antennas; aperture antenna design AB Recent results are reported that improve the prompt radiated response from reflector and lens impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) by improved control of the aperture fields of the TEM mode distribution. Both reflector and lens IRAs benefit from trimming the aperture to eliminate portions where the vertical component of the electric field is oriented in the wrong direction. Reflector IRAs can further benefit from reorientation of the TEM feed arm angles as well as the relative size of the feed arms to the maximum aperture radius. Significant improvements over 45 degrees feed arms can be realized by malting 200 Omega reflector IRAs with feed arms at 30 degrees from the vertical with the circle of symmetry slightly inside the aperture outer boundary and small amounts of aperture trimming. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4066-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4371 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.436931 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT28P UT WOS:000172533900003 ER PT S AU Park, YS AF Park, YS BE Rutkowski, J Wenus, J Kubiak, L TI Wide bandgap III-Nitride semiconductors: opportunities for future optoelectronics SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE CRYSTALS 2000: EPILAYERS AND HETEROSTRUCTURES IN OPTOELECTRONICS AND SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000 (ICSSC 2000) CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Military Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Polish Soc Crystal Growth, SPIE, State Comm Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Phys, Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys DE III-Nitride; optoelectronics; blue; green; white LED; laser diode; ultraviolet; photodetector ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; I-N PHOTODIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; LASER-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; GAN FILMS; SAPPHIRE AB The world at the end of the 20th Century has become "blue". Indeed, this past decade has witnessed a "blue rush" towards the development of violet-blue-green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) based on wide bandgap III-Nitride semiconductors. And the hard work has culminated with, first, the demonstration of commercial high brightness blue and green LEDs and of commercial violet LDs, at the very end of this decade. Thanks to their extraordinary properties, these semiconductor materials have generated a plethora of activity in semiconductor science and technology. Novel approaches are explored daily to improve the current optoelectronics state-of-the-art. Such improvements will extend the usage and the efficiency of new light sources (e.g. white LEDs), support the rising information technology age (e.g. high density optical data storage), and enhance the environmental awareness capabilities of humans (ultraviolet and visible photon detectors and sensors). Such opportunities and many others will be reviewed in this presentation. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4116-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4413 BP 282 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.425448 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS29E UT WOS:000169369400052 ER PT J AU Whitley, PE Paskoff, GR AF Whitley, PE Paskoff, GR TI Gender-related spinal injury assessment considerations in military aviation occupant protection modelling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; PREDICTION; DENSITY AB In determining the risk of injury in the military aviation environment, a male and female of similar height and weight have been assumed to have the same risk of vertebral injury during an escape or crash scenario. A Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) study has been performed to analytically quantify the vertebral strength properties between men and women for C5, T12 and L4. Significant differences were found between bone mineral density (BMD) by gender at C5 and vertebral dimension parameters at all locations by gender. The cross sectional area and BMD product, a measure of compressive strength, was significantly different for only C5 by gender. Predicted strength based on the area-density product was not different by location or gender but when predicted by area, age, gender, location and structure was significantly lower for females at L4. Using multiple and response surface regression, anthropometrical measures predicted BMD for males at T12 and L4; cross sectional area for females at L4 and males at C5; and area-density product at all locations for both genders. Given the lack of significant difference in area-density product at T12 and L4 by gender, males and females that fall within the parameters of this study group would appear to be at the same risk of vertebral compressive injury. Using the same arguments for C5, females demonstrated a 13% decrease in area-density product and would likely be at a greater risk for compressive injury than males. However, whether a relationship exists between the C5 area-density product and C5 compressive strength is not known. C1 Exponent Failure Anal Associates, Miami, FL USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Crew Syst Res & Engn Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Whitley, PE (reprint author), Exponent Failure Anal Associates, Miami, FL USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1533/cras.2001.0179 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 467AB UT WOS:000170677400002 ER PT J AU Shender, BS Paskoff, G Askew, GK Coughlan, R Isdahl, W AF Shender, BS Paskoff, G Askew, GK Coughlan, R Isdahl, W TI Determination of head/neck loads during manoeuvring acceleration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article ID NECK PAIN; GZ AB Neck injury risk can increase when aircrew wear head mounted equipment while exposed to +Gz-loads. The effects of added weight and change in centre-of-gravity were determined during a centrifuge study using an instrumented manikin at Brooks AFB, Texas. Data included centrifuge Gz, head acceleration (three axes). and head and C7-TI pitch moment, compressive and shear forces. Helicopter (0.5G/s at +1.75 and +4Gz) and tactical aircraft (2G/s and 6G/s from +4 to 12Gz) accelerations were simulated (5s plateau at each level). Effect of added weights (up to overall 2.7kg) were measured in the forward pitch and lateral planes and tested using ANOVA. Seven real helmet systems were also tested. Head Gx and Gy increased with increasing +Gz-load, head weight, as CG shifted in the forward pitch plane. and onset rate. Head Gz was greatest when weight was distributed laterally. The resultant head and neck force and moment increased with increasing weight, pitch angle, and +Gz load. Neck forces and moments were significantly larger than those measured in the head. C1 USN, Air Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD USA. AFRL, HEPM, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Team, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LIMITED PI LETCHWORTH PA BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2001 VL 6 IS 4 BP 585 EP 603 DI 10.1533/cras.2001.0200 PG 19 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 490KN UT WOS:000172051200011 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME Hoffman, PC AF Hoffman, ME Hoffman, PC TI Corrosion and fatigue research - structural issues and relevance to naval aviation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue; corrosion; prediction; military; aircraft AB The sea environment is the most structurally hostile of environments within which aircraft operate. Naval aviation operations routinely expose structural components to salt spray and high loads, especially during landings. The result is component lives occasionally end prematurely due to corrosion-assisted fatigue, or fatigue with other compounding factors. The occurrences of these unplanned events increase with the number of years an aircraft remains in service. The susceptibility of aging aircraft to structural demise demands that we institute a paradigm shift to our approach to designing, maintaining and managing metallic aircraft structures subjected to repetitive loads and corrosive environment. Is corrosion and fatigue research heading in the right direction to solve real and potential problems in aging naval aircraft? This paper provides an overview of how we validate and assess service life. The key issues involved in managing life-critical parts during their operation are the adjusting of inspections, and the effect of operational discoveries of flaws or failures, which disrupt our perceptions of the structural condition, on total life designation. The management issues with respect to an aging operation fleet of naval aircraft will be described from the view of the structural life management team. Research in corrosion and fatigue of metals must answer to the tactical aircraft manager's needs. For structures and materials research to transition into practice, it must focus on producing data and test results useful for making life decisions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Struct Div Bldg 2187,Suite 2320A,48110 Shaw Rd,Un, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S1 EP S10 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800002 ER PT J AU Ramsamooj, DV Shugar, TA AF Ramsamooj, DV Shugar, TA TI Modeling of corrosion fatigue in metals in an aggressive environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE stress-corrosion velocity; interaction; mechanical loading; corrosion fatigue ID HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; SHORT CRACKS; LOADINGS; BEHAVIOR; SEAWATER; RATIO AB Corrosion fatigue in metals is presented as the result of the combined interaction of mechanical stress and stress-corrosion velocity caused by the aggressive environment. The main concept is that all of the factors that affect stress-corrosion cracking-electrochemical, mechanical and metallurgical-are essential for corrosion fatigue. In addition to the crack velocity caused by stress-corrosion, the only additional parameters needed to predict corrosion fatigue might be the applied mechanical stress, its frequency, and the threshold stress intensity factor. This paper presents an interaction between these phenomena, leading to an analytical expression for the corrosion fatigue in an aggressive environment. The model predictions are compared with the limited amount of published data, showing reasonable agreement. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Ramsamooj, DV (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil Engn, POB 6870, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S301 EP S309 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800037 ER PT J AU Ramsamooj, DV Shugar, TA AF Ramsamooj, DV Shugar, TA TI Model prediction of fatigue crack propagation in metal alloys in laboratory air SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fracture mechanics; process zone; fatigue crack propagation; metals; published experimental data ID GROWTH-BEHAVIOR AB A local energy criterion is applied to the problem of a quasi-static extension of a subcritical crack embedded in an elasto-plastic matrix. It extends the Griffith fracture criterion to include fatigue. The derived expression for the fatigue crack growth rate is approximated by: dc/dN=0.041/EY(DeltaK(1)-DeltaK(th))(2)1/1-(K-1 max/K-1c)(2) where DeltaK(1) is the stress intensity factor (SIF) range, K-1 max is the maximum value of, K-1 K-1c is the fracture toughness, DeltaK(th) is the threshold SIF, E is Young's modulus, and Y is the yield strength. The new analytical model for fatigue crack growth governs the subcritical growth of the crack up to the point of gross instability. It is a continuous process that covers the growth rate from the threshold to failure, and it has the capability of predicting the behavior of full-scale structures from small-scale laboratory tests. An extensive amount of published fatigue data for a wide range of metals and metal alloys is used to validate the new analytical expression for crack growth rate. The agreement between the predictions of the new model and the experimental data is fair to excellent. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Ramsamooj, DV (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Civil Engn, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S287 EP S300 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800036 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Holtz, RL AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Holtz, RL TI Extension of the Unified Approach to fatigue crack growth to environmental interactions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue crack growth; environmental effects; corrosion fatigue; fracture mechanics; fatigue mechanisms ID CLOSURE; THRESHOLD; STEELS; ALLOY AB Environmental effects on fatigue crack growth were examined using the Unified Approach developed by the authors. According to this approach, K-max and DeltaK are two intrinsic parameters simultaneously required for quantifying fatigue crack growth data. The two parameters led to two intrinsic thresholds that must be simultaneously exceeded for a fatigue crack to grow. Environmental interactions being time and stress-dependent processes affect fatigue crack growth through K-max parameter. Based on an extensive analysis of literature data, we have classified environmental effects into four basic types. In addition, we have defined a true reference state for an inert fatigue behavior. Classification procedures and methods of estimating the magnitude of environmental effects using the Unified Approach for fatigue crack growth were discussed taking examples from the literature. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S277 EP S286 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800035 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Sreenivasan, R AF Sadananda, K Sreenivasan, R TI Analysis of fatigue crack growth behavior in niobium-hydrogen alloys using the unified approach to fatigue damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue crack growth; niobium-hydrogen alloys; hydrogen embrittlement; hydride formation; environmental effects; load ratio effects ID EMBRITTLEMENT; INITIATION; THRESHOLD; MECHANICS; CERAMICS; SURFACE AB Evaluation of fatigue crack growth behavior in Nb-H alloys was done using the Unified Approach to Fatigue Crack Growth developed earlier. It shows that the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement changes with crack growth rate, load ratio and hydrogen concentration. The analysis provides an example where the changes in the governing mechanisms can be easily followed using the DeltaK* vs K-max* trajectory map discussed in the Unified Approach. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met Engn, Madras 606036, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S357 EP S364 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800043 ER PT J AU Sarkani, S Michaelov, G Kihl, DP AF Sarkani, S Michaelov, G Kihl, DP TI Stochastic fatigue damage accumulation in a T-welded joint accounting for the residual stress fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue damage accumulation; T-welded joint; residual stress fields AB The residual stresses that occur as a result of nonhomogeneous heating and cooling during welding may have a significant effect on the accumulation of fatigue damage in a welded joint. The problem is complicated not because of the complex spatial distribution of the residual stress fields, but because those fields typically change under an applied load. The present study considers the effect of residual stresses on fatigue damage accumulation in a welded joint subjected to stochastic loading. The influence of residual stresses on stochastic fatigue damage accumulation is accounted for by a simple approach based on an elastic-perfectly-plastic material model and the Gerber correction factor. The model assumes that the residual stress remaining at the critical location depends on the largest nominal stress ever endured by a welded joint. The model predicts that the residual stresses during stochastic loading randomly decay to zero. The effect of material yielding is additionally investigated by considering an elastic-plastic material model with linear kinematic hardening. The residual stresses in this case are computed through Monte Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated that the effect of material hardening is to reduce the rate of residual stress decay and thus to accelerate the rate of fatigue damage accumulation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Pragma Syst Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sarkani, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S71 EP S78 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800009 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K AF Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K TI Analysis of fatigue crack growth under compression-compression loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE fatigue threshold; two loading parameters; Delta K; K-max; internal stress; small crack; ARMCO iron ID THRESHOLD; PROPAGATION; INITIATION; CLOSURE; STRESS AB It has been suggested that two driving forces DeltaK and K-max mainly govern the overall fatigue crack growth behavior of any material. This basic concept has been used to explain the damage in the tension-tension and tension-compression regime in a self-consistent manner. In the present paper, this concept has been extended to analyze the compression-compression fatigue behavior. The analysis indicates that to characterize accurately the entire crack growth region of loading from R<0 to R>0, one must include both the internal stresses and the applied stresses. It is observed that there is an unique internal stress gradient that can be represented for the entire regime of crack growth. The basic criteria for a crack advance would then be the total driving force of both DeltaK and K-max has to exceed their corresponding threshold values for a long crack. In certain cases, there can be a deviation from this uniqueness of the internal stress gradient due to additional contribution from plasticity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Code 332,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S365 EP S374 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800044 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K Glinka, G AF Vasudevan, AK Sadananda, K Glinka, G TI Critical parameters for fatigue damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MA DE unified fatigue damage; Delta K; K-max; internal stress contribution to K-max; aluminum alloys; titanium; pure iron; steel; short crack; long crack and life prediction ID CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; COMPOSITES; LIFE AB The fatigue damage analysis is examined from a historical perspective. The analysis indicates that some of the issues concerning the basic disparities between the experiment and model/interpretations. To help understand these issues, we have developed an approach with two driving force parameters to analyze the fatigue behavior. Such an approach helps in viewing the damage in terms of an intrinsic problem rather than an extrinsic one. In the final analysis one needs to unify the overall damage processes such that the description is complete from the crack initiation stage to short crack to long crack to final failure. In order to unify the damage process, three basic parameters are introduced for describing the overall fatigue process. These are DeltaK, K-max and internal stress contribution to K-max. In addition, there are other effects from environment and temperature that can contribute to these parameters. In particular K-max seems to play an important role in the overall damage process. We find that the internal stress is the missing link that can bridge the gap between the four main stages of damage that lies between the crack nucleation stage to final failure. Examples are sited in support of this view of explanation, Finally, it is suggested that systematic experimental data and analytical modeling to describe the internal stress gradients is required to help in forming a reliable life prediction methodology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Code 332, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 57 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S39 EP S53 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800006 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD BE Smari, WW Melab, N Yetongnon, K TI Methods of automated rule discovery in a multiagent adversarial distributed environment SO ISE'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Information Systems and Engineering (ISE 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE knowledge discovery; decision support; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; expert systems; distributed Al algorithms AB For many applications it is desirable to construct expert systems for decision support. It is often essential that the algorithm make decisions at least at the quality level of the best human experts according to some measure. It should not only incorporate human expertise and its related uncertainty, but also be able to exploit an opponent's uncertainty. In many instances, due to newly emerging paradigms, the necessary human expertise does not exist. An approach based on fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms has been developed that allows the automatic inversion of rules from physics. The rules discovered are shown to reproduce rules already developed by human experts or in the case, where no human being has expertise, to be original. Two approaches to automatic rule discovery are discussed. One of these approaches uses game theory. Along with the theoretical basis, an application to electronic warfare, and related experimental results are given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-85-8 PY 2001 BP 25 EP 31 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT44E UT WOS:000173027400004 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Ancona, M Neilson, JM Brandmier, K Waind, PR AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Ancona, M Neilson, JM Brandmier, K Waind, PR GP IEEJ IEEJ TI Characterization of a bi-directional double-side double-gate IGBT fabricated by wafer bonding SO ISPSD'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & ICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD'01) CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP IEE Japan, IEEE Devices Soc, Inst Electr Informat & Communicat Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB A bi-directional double-side, double-gate IGBT fabricated through a direct wafer bonding process is characterized. As a result of the symmetrical geometry the transistors have lower VCD(SAT), however, with the aid of the second MOS gate the switching dissipation is as low as that of the conventionally-gated reference IGBT. Overall, the DIGBT gives a V-CD(sat)-E-OFF trade-off improvement of 40% over the reference single-side IGBT. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hobart@nrl.navy.mil; jmsn@prodigy.net NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 8TH FLOOR HOMAT HORIZON BLDG 6-2 GOBANCHO CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0076, JAPAN BN 4-88686-056-7 PY 2001 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS93T UT WOS:000171438300025 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Pattanayak, D Piccone, D Patel, M Hits, D Rodrigues, R Ayele, G Colinge, CA AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Pattanayak, D Piccone, D Patel, M Hits, D Rodrigues, R Ayele, G Colinge, CA GP IEEJ IEEJ TI A 6 kV thyristor fabricated by direct wafer bonding SO ISPSD'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & ICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD'01) CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP IEE Japan, IEEE Devices Soc, Inst Electr Informat & Communicat Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB High voltage thyristors have been fabricated by direct wafer bonding. Thyristors were fabricated by joining anode and cathode wafers nominally designed for 6 kV operation. Wafer bonded 100 mm diameter thyristors with breakdown voltages exceeding 7 kV were successfully fabricated. Bonded transistors with forward voltage drops comparable to control devices showed lower switching loss possibly due to advantageous recombination at the bond interface. This is the first demonstration of large area bonded power devices with breakdown voltages exceeding 6 kV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hobart@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 8TH FLOOR HOMAT HORIZON BLDG 6-2 GOBANCHO CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0076, JAPAN BN 4-88686-056-7 PY 2001 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1109/ISPSD.2001.934592 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS93T UT WOS:000171438300045 ER PT B AU Hippenstiel, R Mantis, S AF Hippenstiel, R Mantis, S BE Boashash, B Salleh, SHS AbedMeraim, K TI Wavelet denoising of signals based on the fourth order moment SO ISSPA 2001: SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications CY AUG 13-16, 2001 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP Ecole Natl Super Telecommuncat, Univ Teknologi, Fac Elect Engn, Queensland Univ Technol, Signal Processing Res Ctr AB In many applications the localization of a wireless communications transmitter is important. Localization of a mobile wireless communication unit using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method is addressed. The localization of a GSM type emitter is enhanced by using denoised time domain signals. Denoising is obtained by thresholding the wavelet detail coefficients in time and the application of a fourth order moment criterion in scale. The performance, as a function of SNR and Mean Squared Error for the TDOA is obtained. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hippenstiel, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Boashash, Boualem/A-9687-2010 OI Boashash, Boualem/0000-0002-2404-9103 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6703-0 PY 2001 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BU30D UT WOS:000175608600094 ER PT B AU Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY AF Shaw, JL Hsu, DSY BE Hunt, CE Chakhovskoi, AG Chubun, NN Hajra, M TI Transport-limited emission from carbon nanotubes SO IVMC 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 12-16, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Univ Calif, Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS AB We have recently demonstrated emission from arrays of gated multiwall carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates'. In addition to fabrication development, these structures are useful for study of the carbon nanotube emission properties. To that end, we have measured the effect of emission current, temperature, and gas environments on the energy distributions. We find that the emission near the Fermi level saturates at high currents, but the effect is reduced at elevated temperature. Because the emission threshold does not change, we believe the low electron density near E(F) causes the saturation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jon.shaw@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7197-6 PY 2001 BP 45 EP 46 DI 10.1109/IVMC.2001.939645 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT14F UT WOS:000172068300023 ER PT B AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL BE Hunt, CE Chakhovskoi, AG Chubun, NN Hajra, M TI Gated in-situ grown carbon nanotube field emitter arrays SO IVMC 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 12-16, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Univ Calif, Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS AB We fabricated two different configurations of integrally gated carbon nanotube (cNT) field emitter arrays, one with cNTs grown on the tips of gated silicon posts and the other with cNTs grown inside open gated apertures. We present emission data from both types. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7197-6 PY 2001 BP 51 EP 52 DI 10.1109/IVMC.2001.939648 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT14F UT WOS:000172068300026 ER PT B AU Jensen, KL Marrese, CM AF Jensen, KL Marrese, CM BE Hunt, CE Chakhovskoi, AG Chubun, NN Hajra, M TI Emission statistics and the characterization of array current SO IVMC 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 12-16, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Univ Calif, Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS AB In this work, we describe the characterization of emission under the assumptions that the emission site radii are log-normal distributed and that adsorbates increase the work function. Statistical factors are required to generalization single tip theory to array current estimates via the Statistical Hyperbolic Model. The simulation methods are for characterizing coated emitters being developed for satellite Electric Propulsion and Electrodynamic Tethers devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7197-6 PY 2001 BP 77 EP 78 DI 10.1109/IVMC.2001.939661 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT14F UT WOS:000172068300039 ER PT J AU Sanders, T AF Sanders, T TI The Chechulin affair, or politics and nauka in the history profession of late imperial Russia SO JAHRBUCHER FUR GESCHICHTE OSTEUROPAS LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Navy, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sanders, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Navy, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANZ STEINER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART 10 PA BIRKENWALDSTRABE 44, D-7000 STUTTGART 10, GERMANY SN 0021-4019 J9 JAHRB GESCH OSTEUR JI Jahrb. Gesch. Osteur. PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC History SC History GA 406VL UT WOS:000167236800001 ER PT J AU Dzhioev, RI Zakharchenya, BP Korenev, VL Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Dzhioev, RI Zakharchenya, BP Korenev, VL Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Long electron spin memory times in gallium arsenide SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-DETECTION; GAAS AB Extremely long electron spin memory times in GaAs are reported. It was established by the optical orientation method that the spin relaxation time of electrons localized at shallow donors in n-type gallium arsenide (N-d - N-A approximate to 10(14) cm(-3)) is 290 +/- 30 ns at a temperature of 4.2 K. The exchange interaction of quasi-free electrons and electrons at donors suppresses the main spin-loss channel for electrons localized at donors-spin relaxation due to the hyperfine interaction with lattice nuclei. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dzhioev, RI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2001 VL 74 IS 3 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1134/1.1410226 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 473NZ UT WOS:000171052500012 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Lee, RRY AF Kersten, PR Lee, RRY BE Smith, MH Gruver, WA Hall, LO TI Segmenting Polarimetric SAR Images using robust competitive clustering SO JOINT 9TH IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND 20TH NAFIPS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International-Fuzzy-Systems-Association World Congress/20th North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society, International Conference CY JUL 25-28, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE, Neural Networks Council ID CLASSIFICATION AB Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POLSAR) Images have great potential for land-use management, provided the images can be efficiently segmented. This paper describes the application of the robust competitive agglomeration (RCA) clustering algorithm to POLSAR images to segment the images. Examples are presented and future efforts are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, RF Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7078-3 PY 2001 BP 1140 EP 1144 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BT52S UT WOS:000173245100200 ER PT J AU Simmer, ED Bowers, PA Ellis, RB AF Simmer, ED Bowers, PA Ellis, RB TI Short term nicotine patch use: Is it effective? SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1055-0887 J9 J ADDICT DIS JI J. Addict. Dis. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 MA 55A BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 423QT UT WOS:000168188800065 ER PT J AU Haack, T Burk, SD AF Haack, T Burk, SD TI Summertime marine refractivity conditions along coastal California SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; MESOSCALE SIMULATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SUPERCRITICAL-FLOW; UPWELLING REGION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; TOPOGRAPHY; PREDICTION; WINDSTORM AB Large vertical gradients of temperature and moisture, which are not uncommon at the top of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), yield strong gradients in microwave refractivity that can result in anomalous electromagnetic (EM) propagation, including ducting wherein energy is strongly channeled horizontally. Of particular importance to surface radars and other microwave transmitters are surface-based ducts in which energy is ducted throughout the entire depth of the MABL. The Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is used to define boundary layer structure during two coastal field experiments, and this model's ability to forecast refractivity, including surface-based ducting, is assessed. At three marine sites, COAMPS shows considerable skill in MABL forecasts during the Variability of Coastal Atmospheric Refractivity experiment, although it contains biases for the MABL to be somewhat shallow and for the forecast duct strength, measured by the refractivity jump at MABL top, to be too weak. Nevertheless, for a total of 95 forecasts at these sites, COAMPS correctly forecasts surface-based ducting/no surface-based ducting events 82% of the time, with a false alarm rate of only 0.15. Abrupt variations in coastal MABL depth and wind speed have been observed and modeled when supercritical flow (Froude number. 1) interacts with coastal terrain that is uniformly higher than the MABL depth. COAMPS and data from the Coastal Waves 1996 (CW96) experiment conducted along the northern California coast are used to address the implications of MABL variability to the coastal EM propagation environment. Comparison of CW96 research aircraft cross sections and soundings with COAMPS forecast fields indicate that the mesoscale model captures much of the observed MABL vertical structure and horizontal variability, including the temperature inversion and moisture lapse capping the MABL, the along- and cross-shore MABL slopes, and the presence and intensity of a coastal low-level jet. Supercritical expansion fans form in the lee of Cape Blanco, Oregon, and Cape Mendocino, California, on 1 July 1996 during CW96, and COAMPS indicates the presence of a compression jump where the flow is blocked on the upwind (north) side of Cape Mendocino. In conjunction with these MABL features, the EM propagation environment also exhibits substantial alongshore variation. Stronger, near-surface-based ducting occurs in the expansion fans as the marine layer thins and accelerates; weaker, elevated ducting occurs in the blocked flow. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haack, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM haack@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 673 EP 687 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0673:SMRCAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 420TV UT WOS:000168022100001 ER PT J AU Olson, WS Hong, Y Kummerow, CD Turk, J AF Olson, WS Hong, Y Kummerow, CD Turk, J TI A texture-polarization method for estimating convective-stratiform precipitation area coverage from passive microwave radiometer data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOGA COARE; MESOSCALE; RADIATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL; WATER; RADAR AB Observational and modeling studies have revealed the relationships between convective-stratiform rain proportion and the vertical distributions of vertical motion, latent heating, and moistening in mesoscale convective systems. Therefore, remote sensing techniques that can be used to quantify the area coverage of convective or stratiform rainfall could provide useful information regarding the dynamic and thermodynamic processes in these systems. In the current study, two methods for deducing the area coverage of convective precipitation from satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements are combined to yield an improved method. If sufficient microwave scattering by ice-phase precipitation is detected, the method relies mainly on the degree of polarization in oblique-view, 85.5-GHz radiances to estimate the fraction of the radiometer footprint covered by convection. In situations where ice scattering is minimal, the method draws mostly on texture information in radiometer imagery at lower microwave frequencies to estimate the convective area fraction. Based upon observations of 10 organized convective systems over ocean and nine systems over land, instantaneous, 0.5 degrees -resolution estimates of convective area fraction from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) are compared with nearly coincident estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar (PR). TMI convective area fraction estimates are low-biased relative to PR estimates, with TMI-PR correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.84 over ocean and land surfaces, respectively. TMI monthly average convective area percentages in the Tropics and subtropics from February 1998 are greatest along the intertropical convergence zone and in the continental regions of the Southern (summer) Hemisphere. Although convective area percentages from the TMI are systematically lower than those derived from the PR, the monthly patterns of convective coverage are similar. Systematic differences in TMI and PR convective area percentages do not show any clear correlation or anticorrelation with differences in retrieved rain depths, and so discrepancies between TRMM version-5 TMI- and PR-retrieved rain depths are likely due to other sensor or algorithmic differences. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Olson, WS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 26 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1577 EP 1591 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1577:ATPMFE>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 464WK UT WOS:000170554600003 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Dinsmore, AD Hu, JZ Kim, WJ Nelson, C Ratna, BR AF Qadri, SB Skelton, EF Dinsmore, AD Hu, JZ Kim, WJ Nelson, C Ratna, BR TI The effect of particle size on the structural transitions in zinc sulfide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; ENERGY; NANOCRYSTALLITES; CLUSTERS; STRAIN; CELL; ZNS; PBS AB Studies of pressure induced phase transformations of ZnS nanoparticles using diamond anvil cells and synchrotron radiation were carried out to 20.0 GPa. Nanoparticles initially in the zinc-blende and wurtzite phases both transformed to the NaCl phase under the application of pressure. The zinc-blende particles, which were of 2.8 nm size, and the wurtzite particles, which were of 25.3 nm size, transformed to the NaCl phase at 19.0 and 15.0 GPa, respectively. Nanoparticles of the wurtzite phase never regained their initial wurtzite structure but returned to the zinc-blende phase upon downloading the pressure. The resultant zinc-blende nanoparticles transformed to the NaCl phase upon the reapplication of a pressure of 15.0 GPa. Nanoparticles initially in the zinc-blende phase returned to their original phase. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, McKay Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1063/1.1328066 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900020 ER PT J AU Wu, CI Kahn, A Wickenden, AE Koleske, D Henry, RL AF Wu, CI Kahn, A Wickenden, AE Koleske, D Henry, RL TI Aluminum, magnesium, and gold contacts to contamination free n-GaN surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; BARRIER HEIGHTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; OHMIC CONTACT; GAN(0001)-(1X1); CONDUCTION; INTERFACES; EPITAXY; DIODES AB Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Al, Mg, and Au Schottky contacts to atomically clean n-GaN(0001)-1 x 1 surfaces prepared in an ultrahigh vacuum were investigated. The Al/n-GaN contact is rectifying at room temperature and becomes Ohmic after annealing at 500 degreesC. Coupled with previous photoemission spectroscopy data, this result demonstrates that the origin of the Ohmicity is the reaction-induced doping of the interface. For nonannealed interfaces, the Schottky barrier heights determined from I-V characteristics are in qualitative agreement with the results obtained by photoemission spectroscopy. We find that the ideality factor of the barrier is close to unity for the unreactive interface i.e. Au/GaN, but significantly higher for the reactive interfaces, i.e., Al/GaN and Mg/GaN. Our experimental results suggest that the reaction-induced defects and thermionic field emission play an important role in the electrical behavior of these interfaces. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahn, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI WU, CHIH-I/0000-0003-3613-7511 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1063/1.1331653 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900064 ER PT J AU Serrador, JM Wood, SJ Picot, PA Stein, F Kassam, MS Bondar, RL Rupert, AH Schlegel, TT AF Serrador, JM Wood, SJ Picot, PA Stein, F Kassam, MS Bondar, RL Rupert, AH Schlegel, TT TI Effect of acute exposure to hypergravity (G(X) vs. G(Z)) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transcranial Doppler; middle cerebral artery; hypergravity; head-up tilt; centrifugation; orthostasis; vestibular; otolith; cerebral blood flow ID SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BLOOD-FLOW AUTOREGULATION; STELLATE GANGLION BLOCK; TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER; SPONTANEOUS FLUCTUATIONS; ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; AUTO-REGULATION; ANGIOTENSIN; PRESSURE AB We examined the effects of 30 min of exposure to either +3G(x) (front-to-back) or +G(z) (head-to-foot) centrifugation on cerebrovascular responses to 80 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) in 14 healthy individuals. Both before and after +3 G(x) or +3 G(z) centrifugation, eye-level blood pressure (BPeye), end tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), mean cerebral flow velocity (CFV) in the middle cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler ultrasound), cerebral vascular resistance (CVR), and dynamic cerebral autoregulatory gain (GAIN) were measured with subjects in the supine position and during subsequent 80 degrees HUT for 30 min. Mean BPeye decreased with HUT in both the G(x) (n = 7) and G(z) (n = 7) groups (P< 0.001), with the decrease being greater after centrifugation only in the G(z) group (P< 0.05). PETCO2 also decreased with HUT in both groups (P< 0.01), but the absolute level of decrease was unaffected by centrifugation. CFV decreased during HUT more significantly after centrifugation than before centrifugation in both groups (P< 0.02). However, these greater decreases were not associated with greater increases in CVR. In the supine position after centrifugation compared with before centrifugation, GAIN increased in both groups (P< 0.05, suggesting an autoregulatory deficit), with the change being correlated to a measure of otolith function (the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex) in the G(x) group (r = 0.76, P< 0.05) but not in the G(z) group (r = 0.24, P = 0.60). However, GAIN was subsequently restored to precentrifugation levels during postcentrifugation HUT (i.e., as BPeye decreased), suggesting that both types of centrifugation resulted in a leftward shift of the cerebral autoregulation curve. We speculate that this leftward shift may have been due to vestibular activation (especially during +G(x)) or potentially to an adaptation to reduced cerebral perfusion pressure during +G(z). C1 Univ Western Ontario, Sch Kinesiol, Cerebral Blood Flow Res Lab, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Legacy Clin Res & Technol Ctr, Dept Neurotol Res, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ryerson Polytech Univ, Fac Engn & Appl Sci, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NASA, Life Sci Res Labs, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Serrador, JM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, HRCA Res & Training Inst, Cardiovasc Res Lab, 1200 Ctr St, Boston, MA 02131 USA. RI Serrador, Jorge/A-9172-2009 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PY 2001 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1986 EP 1994 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 486NN UT WOS:000171824000011 PM 11641334 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Hallock, ZR AF Marmorino, GO Hallock, ZR TI On estimating wind velocity using an upward-looking ADCP SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE; BACKSCATTERING AB A new set of measurements made using an upward-looking broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is analyzed for "surface velocity,'' which previous investigations suggest is related to wind velocity. In the present case, use of a shallow instrument depth and 1-m-depth resolution are shown to yield both a surface return, identified by a maximum in backscatter intensity (similar to previous studies), and a subsequent return that corresponds to a maximum in speed. These returns have speeds (measured relative to the 2-m-depth current) that increase to a peak of 0.7-0.8 m s(-1) at a wind speed of 4-5 m s(-1) and decrease for higher wind speeds, a behavior similar to that found by Nakajima et al., who made ADCP measurements using the same incidence angle (20 degrees) as in the present study. A new finding is that the return having maximum speed yields a direction that better approximates the wind direction (a mean difference of about 5 degrees) over the range of wind speeds sampled (up to 17 m s(-1)). Suggestions are made for future investigations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0791:OEWVUA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424JR UT WOS:000168229600006 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI An accuracy progressive sixth-order finite-difference scheme SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; COMPACT AB How to reduce the computational error is a key issue in numerical modeling and simulation. The higher the order of the difference scheme, the less the truncation error and the more complicated the computation. For compromise, a simple, three-point accuracy progressive (AP) finite-difference scheme for numerical calculation is proposed. The major features of the AP scheme are three-point, high-order accuracy, and accuracy progressive. The lower-order scheme acts as a "source'' term in the higher-order scheme. This treatment keeps three-point schemes with high accuracy. The analytical error estimation shows the sixth-order accuracy that the AP scheme can reach. The Fourier analysis of errors indicates the accuracy improvement from lower-order to higher-order AP schemes. The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) implemented for the Japan/East Sea (JES) is used to evaluate the AP scheme. Consider a horizontally homogeneous and stably stratified JES with realistic topography. Without any forcing, initially motionless ocean will keep motionless forever; that is to say, there is a known solution (V = 0). Any nonzero model velocity can be treated as an error. The stability and accuracy are compared with those of the second-order scheme in a series of calculations of unforced flow in the JES. The three-point sixth-order AP scheme is shown to have error reductions by factors of 10-20 compared to the second-order difference scheme. Due to their three-point grid structure, the AP schemes can be easily applied to current ocean and atmospheric models. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1245 EP 1257 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1245:AAPSOF>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450ZX UT WOS:000169775700013 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Lu, SH Chen, YC AF Chu, PC Lu, SH Chen, YC TI Evaluation of the Princeton Ocean model using South China Sea monsoon experiment (SCSMEX) data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITIES; ERNIE AB The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) has been implemented in the South China Sea for hindcast of circulation and thermohaline structure. A two-step technique is used to initialize POM with temperature, salinity, and velocity for 1 April 1998 and integrate it from 1 April 1998 with synoptic surface forcing for 3 months with and without data assimilation. Hydrographic and current data acquired from the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) from April through June 1998 are used to verify, and to assimilate into, POM. The mean SCSMEX data (Apr-Jun 1998) are about 0.5 degreesC warmer than the mean climatological data above the 50-m depth, and slightly cooler than the mean climatological data below the 50-m depth, and are fresher than the climatological data at all depths and with the maximum bias (0.2-0.25 ppt) at 75-m depth. POM without data assimilation has the capability to predict the circulation pattern and the temperature field reasonably well, but has no capability to predict the salinity field. The model errors have Gaussian-type distribution for temperature hindcast, and non-Gaussian distribution for salinity hindcast with six to eight times more frequencies of occurrence on the negative side than on the positive side. Data assimilation enhances the model capability for ocean hindcast, if even only conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data are assimilated. When the model is reinitialized using the assimilated data at the end of a month (30 Apr; 31 May 1998) and the model is run for a month without data assimilation (hindcast capability test), the model errors for both temperature and salinity hindcast are greatly reduced, and they have Gaussian-type distributions for both temperature and salinity hindcast. Hence, POM gains capability in salinity hindcast when CTD data are assimilated. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1521 EP 1539 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1521:EOTPOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474YG UT WOS:000171134100008 ER PT J AU Wang, DW Hwang, PA AF Wang, DW Hwang, PA TI An operational method for separating wind sea and swell from ocean wave spectra SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB Coexistence of wind sea generated locally and swell radiated from distant storms often results in double-peaked or multiple-peaked spectra. Identification and separation of the wave energies of wind sea and swell provide a more realistic description of the sea state, which is of great importance to scientific and engineering applications. This paper describes a method based on the peak frequency of a newly defined steepness function to separate the wave energies of wind sea and swell from the omnidirectional wave spectra. This steepness method does not rely on the availability of the information of wind velocities and wave directions and can be easily implemented for operational uses. Verification results using directional wave data collected from buoys in the Gulf of Mexico and offshore California are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, MS 39529, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2052 EP 2062 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<2052:AOMFSW>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XM UT WOS:000172881500009 ER PT J AU Covey, DC AF Covey, DC TI Injuries of the posterolateral corner of the knee SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Review ID POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ROTATORY INSTABILITY; COMPLEX INJURIES; POPLITEOFIBULAR LIGAMENT; LATERAL COMPARTMENT; COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; DEFICIENT KNEE; RECONSTRUCTION; ANATOMY; ALLOGRAFT AB The complex anatomy of the posterolateral corner of the knee is due largely to the evolutionary changes in the anatomic relationships of the fibular head, the popliteus tendon, and the biceps femoris muscle. Recent research has improved our understanding of the popliteus complex, particularly the role of the popliteofibular ligament. Biomechanical studies provide a scientific basis for clinical examination of the knee with suspected injury of the posterolateral corner. All grade-I and most moderate grade-ii injuries of the posterolateral structures can be treated nonoperatively, but residual laxity may remain, especially in knees with grade-ii injury. Acute grade-III isolated or combined injury of the posterolateral corner is best treated early, by direct repair, if possible, or else by augmentation or reconstruction of all injured ligaments, Chronic injury of the posterolateral corner, whether isolated or combined, is probably best treated by reconstruction of the posterolateral corner along with reconstruction of any coexisting cruciate ligament injury, Failure to diagnose and treat an injury of the posterolateral corner in a patient who has a known tear of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligament can result in failure of the reconstructed cruciate ligament. C1 USN Hosp, Med Corps, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Med Corps, Dept Orthopaed Surg, HP01 Boone Rd, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 110 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 83A IS 1 BP 106 EP 118 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 395HE UT WOS:000166574300015 PM 11205847 ER PT J AU Watts, E Sitz, GO McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Groeneveld, JA Van Stralen, JNP Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC AF Watts, E Sitz, GO McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Olsen, RA Groeneveld, JA Van Stralen, JNP Baerends, EJ Mowrey, RC TI Rovibrationally inelastic scattering of (v=1, j=1) H-2 from Cu(100) experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; CU(111) SURFACE; ASSOCIATIVE DESORPTION; SURVIVAL PROBABILITY; REACTIVE SCATTERING AB A comparison between experiment and theory is pet-formed for the scattering of (v = 1, j = 1) H-2 from Cu(100) at normal incidence. Experimentally, this system was studied using molecular beam techniques, with stimulated Raman pumping employed to overpopulate (v = 1, j = 1) in the incident beam, and resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization used to detect the H-2 scattered in two (v = 1, j) states, and two (v = 0, j) states. Theoretically, six-dimensional wave packet calculations were performed, employing a new, extended potential energy surface that was computed with density functional theory, using the generalized gradient approximation and a slab representation of the metal surface. Theory and experiment are in good agreement for the survival probability, i.e., the probability for rovibrationally elastic scattering. However, the theory overestimates the probabilities for rotationally inelastic scattering (to v = 1, j = 3) and for rovibrationally inelastic scattering (to v = 0, j=5 and 7) for channels that could be determined experimentally. The cause of these discrepancies is discussed, as are possibilities for future improvements in the theory as well as the experiment. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 1 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1063/1.1330728 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388LU UT WOS:000166182900058 ER PT J AU Weatherly, JW Zhang, Y AF Weatherly, JW Zhang, Y TI The response of the polar regions to increased CO2 in a global climate model with elastic-viscous-plastic sea ice SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; SENSITIVITY; THICKNESS; MOTION; CCM3; BUOY AB A global atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model (GCM) is used in simulations of climate with present-day atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and with CO2 increasing to double the present-day values. The Parallel Climate Model includes the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric GCM, the Los Alamos National Laboratory ocean GCM, and the Naval Postgraduate School dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model. The ocean and sea ice grids are at substantially higher resolution than has been previously used in global climate models. The model is implemented on distributed, parallel computer architectures to make computation on the high-resolution grids feasible. The sea ice dynamics uses an elastic-viscous-plastic ice rheology with an explicit solution of the ice stress tensor, which has not previously been used in a coupled, global climate model. The simulations of sea ice and the polar climate in the present-day experiment are compared with observed ice and climate data. The ice cover is too extensive in both hemispheres, leading to a large area of lower-than-observed surface temperatures. The Arctic exhibits a persistent high pressure system that drives the ice motion anticyclonically around the central Arctic. The ice thickness is greatest near the Chukchi Peninsula. Ice is exported through the Fram Strait, though the Canadian Archipelago, and inward through the Bering Strait. The modeled Antarctic sea ice moves at a faster speed than the observational data suggest. Many of the results and biases of the model are similar to those of the NCAR Climate System Model, which has the same atmospheric model component. The response of the model to the increase in CO2 shows a significant thinning of the Arctic sea ice by 0.5 m but only a 10% decrease in ice area. Ice concentrations are reduced within the ice pack, while the ice edges are relatively unchanged. The Antarctic sea ice exhibits much less change in area and little change in thickness, in agreement with the reduced warming in the entire Southern Hemisphere. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Weatherly, JW (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 268 EP 283 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0268:TROTPR>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 399WC UT WOS:000166836400003 ER PT J AU Li, T Tham, CW Chang, CP AF Li, T Tham, CW Chang, CP TI A coupled air-sea-monsoon oscillator for the tropospheric biennial oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; ASIAN MONSOON; EL-NINO; PREDICTABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; RAINFALL AB The cause of the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) in a simple coupled ocean- atmosphere model is examined. The model is first reduced to a pair of coupled linear first- order differential equations, piecewise in time, for analysis. It is found that two ingredients are essential for the biennial oscillation in the model. The first ingredient is the amplification of SST perturbations in both the Indian Ocean and western Pacific in opposite directions during the northern autumn, winter, and spring seasons, reflecting a positive feedback process. The second ingredient is the decay and change of signs of the SST anomaly in the western Pacific during the northern summer, representing a negative feedback process. Under such a scenario, the simple model exhibits a regular biennial oscillation. Diagnosis of the model TBO reveals that the western Pacific SST and zonal wind anomalies have a lagged correlation at a timescale of 2- 3 months, similar to observations. Such a phase lag results from both remote and local ocean- atmosphere- land interaction processes. The remote processes involve the large- scale east- west circulation associated with anomalous monsoon heating, whereas the local processes include the ocean horizontal and vertical advection and surface wind- evaporation- SST feedback. It is concluded that the phase lag between the SST and wind is a result rather than a cause of the TBO. Oscillatory and nonoscillatory regimes of the model's solutions are obtained with the tuning of key parameters within realistic ranges. It is found that the model TBO is sensitive to both internal air- sea coupling coefficients and external basic- state parameters. With the slight change of these parameters, the model may undergo a bifurcation from a TBO regime to a chaotic regime or an annual oscillation regime- a possible scenario for the TBO irregularity. In particular, with a specification of interdecadal change of the basic- state wind, the model may undergo a continuous warming pattern in the eastern Pacific, resembling the prolonged El Nino condition in the early 1990s. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 5 BP 752 EP 764 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0752:ACASMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410VG UT WOS:000167461300009 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Harr, P Ju, JH AF Chang, CP Harr, P Ju, JH TI Possible roles of Atlantic circulations on the weakening Indian monsoon rainfall-ENSO relationship SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS AB Since the 1970s, the inverse relationship between the Indian monsoon rainfall and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has weakened considerably. The cause for this breakdown is shown to be most likely the strengthening and poleward shift of the jet stream over the North Atlantic. These changes have led to the recent development of a significant correlation between wintertime western European surface air temperatures and the ensuing monsoon rainfall. This western Europe winter signal extended eastward over most of northern Eurasia and remained evident in spring, such that the effect of the resulting meridional temperature contrast was able to disrupt the influence of ENSO on the monsoon. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-CP, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 126 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2376 EP 2380 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2376:PROACO>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 437NY UT WOS:000168998800002 ER PT J AU Casey, KS Cornillon, P AF Casey, KS Cornillon, P TI Global and regional sea surface temperature trends SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; SIGNALS; BIASES; SST AB Individual sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are calculated using a satellite-based climatology and observations from the World Ocean Atlas 1994 (WOA94) and the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) to characterize global and regional changes in ocean surface temperature since 1942. For each of these datasets, anomaly trends are computed using a new method that groups individual anomalies into climatological temperature classes. These temperature class anomaly trends are compared with trends estimated using a technique representative of previous studies based on 5 degrees latitude-longitude bins. Global linear trends in the data-rich period between 1960 and 1990 calculated from the WOA94 data are found to be 0.14 degrees +/- 0.04 degreesC decade(-1) for the temperature class approach and 0.13 degrees +/- 0.04 degreesC decade(-1) for the 5 degrees bin approach. The corresponding results for the COADS data are 0.10 degrees +/- 0.03 degreesC and 0.09 degrees +/- 0.03 degreesC decade(-1). These trends are not statistically different at the 95% confidence level. Additionally, they agree closely with both SST and land-air temperature trends estimated from results reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The similarity between the COADS trends and the trends calculated from the WOA94 dataset provides confirmation of previous SST trend studies, which are based almost exclusively on volunteer observing ship datasets like COADS. Regional linear trends reveal a nonuniformity in the SST rates between 1945-70 and 1970-95. Intensified warming during the later period is observed in the eastern equatorial Pacific, the North Atlantic subtropical convergence, and in the vicinity of the Kuroshio extension. Also, despite close agreement globally, localized differences between COADS and WOA94 trends are observed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Casey, KS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117 NR 41 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 18 BP 3801 EP 3818 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3801:GARSST>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474YJ UT WOS:000171134300001 ER PT J AU Reed, HL Reedy, KR Palinkas, LA Van Do, N Finney, NS Case, HS LeMar, HJ Wright, J Thomas, J AF Reed, HL Reedy, KR Palinkas, LA Van Do, N Finney, NS Case, HS LeMar, HJ Wright, J Thomas, J TI Impairment in cognitive and exercise performance during prolonged antarctic residence: Effect of thyroxine supplementation in the polar triiodothyronine syndrome SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the American-Thyroid-Association CY SEP 16-20, 1998 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Thyroid Assoc ID LOCAL COLD-ACCLIMATION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; HYPOTHYROIDISM; THYROTROPIN; EFFICIENCY; KINETICS; ILLNESS; TSH AB Humans who work in Antarctica display deficits in cognition, disturbances in mood, increased energy requirements, a decline of thyroid hormone products, and an increase of serum TSH. We compared measurements in 12 subjects, before deployment (baseline), with 11 monthly studies during Antarctic residence (AR). After 4 months of AR (period 1), half of the subjects (T(4) group) received L-thyroxine [64 nmol.day(-1) (0.05 mg.day(-1))]; and the other half, a placebo (placebo group) for the next 7 months of AR (period 2). During period 1, there was a 12.3 +/- 5.1% (P < 0.03) decline on the matching-to-sample (M-t-S) cognitive task and an increase in depressive symptoms, compared with baseline. During the intervention in period 2, M-t-S scores for the T(4)-treated group returned to baseline values; whereas the placebo group, in contrast, showed a reduced M-t-S score (11.2 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.0003) and serum free T(4) (5.9 +/- 2.4%; P < 0.02), compared with baseline. The change in M-t-S score was correlated with the change in free T(4) (P < 0.0003) during both periods, and increases in serum TSH preceded worsening scores in depression, tension, anger, lack of vigor, and total mood disturbance (P < 0.001) during period 2. Additionally, the submaximal work rate for a fixed O(2) use decreased 22.5 +/- 4.9% in period 1 and remained below baseline in period 2 (25.2 +/- 2.3%; P < 0.005) for both groups. After 4 months of AR, the L-thyroxine supplement was associated with improved cognition, which seems related to circulating T(4). Submaximal exercise performance decrements, observed during AR, were not changed with this L-thyroxine dose. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Endocrine Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Western Maryland Coll, Dept Exercise Sci & Phys Educ, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Reed, HL (reprint author), Middlemore Hosp, Div Med, Private Bag 93311, Auckland 6, New Zealand. EM lreed@middlemore.co.nz NR 45 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1210/jc.86.1.110 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 395KT UT WOS:000166580100019 PM 11231986 ER PT J AU Uberall, H Bardo, RD Fischer, EC Sarman, PJ AF Uberall, H Bardo, RD Fischer, EC Sarman, PJ TI Conducting needles in a dielectric as radar and infrared reflectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB It has become of recent interest to complement electromagnetic responses in intensity by the additional consideration of their polarizations. In order to affect the latter, media have been considered that contain inclusions of randomly distributed and oriented short, thin wires (needles), whose polarized scattering amplitudes can modify the well-known polarization of surface reflections that is governed simply by the so-called Fresnel coefficients. In the present study, we analytically obtain, for the case of a multiplicity of perfectly conducting wires imbedded in a dielectric, the corresponding wave scattering amplitudes and their superposition with the specularly surface-reflected wave amplitude when both are being generated by the same incident wave. This allows a calculation of the total returned-wave polarizations which we express by the real Stokes parameters. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Uberall, H (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 149 EP 172 DI 10.1163/156939301X01327 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 419FF UT WOS:000167938100001 ER PT J AU Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Moore, PG Smith, DL Lambrakos, SG AF Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Moore, PG Smith, DL Lambrakos, SG TI Ultra-near fields of bodies of translation with discontinuities: omega-kappa representations SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Ultra-near fields scattered from bodies of translation (BOTs) with surface and gap discontinuities axe analyzed using frequency wave vector (omega-k) representations. The scattering surfaces are assumed to be perfectly electrically conducting (p.e.c.) and can be electrically large. The theoretical formulation is based on first principles. The electric field integral equation (EFIE) for the BOT scatterer is solved by the method of moments (MM). Next the scattered fields in the operator form of the EFIE axe Fourier transformed over the spatial domain. The resulting omega-kappa representation delineates the propagated and evanescent waves near the scattering surface. The analytical results are compared with experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5050,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1701 EP 1723 DI 10.1163/156939301X00238 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 513DM UT WOS:000173362700011 ER PT J AU Mushrush, G Beal, EJ Spencer, G Wynne, JH Lloyd, CL Hughes, JM Walls, CL Hardy, DR AF Mushrush, G Beal, EJ Spencer, G Wynne, JH Lloyd, CL Hughes, JM Walls, CL Hardy, DR TI An environmentally benign soybean derived fuel as a blending stock or replacement for home heating oil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE soybean fuels; home heating oil; biodiesel; methyl esters; fuel stability AB The use of bio-derived materials both as fuels and/or as blending stocks becomes more attractive as the price of middle distillate fuels, especially home heating oil, continues to rise. Historically, many biomass and agricultural derived materials have been suggested. One of the most difficult problems encountered with home heating oil is that of storage stability. High maintenance costs associated with home heating oil are, in large part, because of this stability problem. In the present research, Soygold (R), a soybean derived fuel, was added in concentrations of 10% - 20% to both a stable middle distillate fuel and an unstable home heating oil. Fuel instability in this article will be further related to the organonitrogen compounds present. The soy-fuel mixtures proved stable, and the addition of the soy liquid enhanced both the combustion properties, and dramatically improved the stability of the unstable home heating oil. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Navy & Marine Corp Res Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77054 USA. GeoCtr Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. Novigen Sci Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Mushrush, G (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 613 EP 622 DI 10.1081/ESE-100103749 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 455JU UT WOS:000170024400002 PM 11460320 ER PT J AU Joyner, D AF Joyner, D TI Invariant distributions on the n-fold metaplectic covers of GL(r, F), F p-adic SO JOURNAL OF FOURIER ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE representation theory; metaplectic groups; harmonic analysis on p-adic reductive groups AB We describe the unitary and tempered dual of the n-fold metaplectic covers of SL(2, F), where F is a p-adic field with p not dividing 2n. We show that any tempered distribution on the n-fold metaplectic covers of SL(2, F) or of GL(r, F) (satisfying the assumptions of Section 1.1 below) may be expressed as a distributional integral over the tempered dual. We also show that any invariant distribution on the n-fold metaplectic covers of SL(2, F) or of GL(r, F) is supported on the tempered dual. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1069-5869 J9 J FOURIER ANAL APPL JI J. Fourier Anal. Appl. PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1007/BF02514501 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 446LL UT WOS:000169514700002 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ TI Atmospheric gamma rays from solar energetic particles and cosmic rays penetrating the magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB We detail observations of gamma rays produced by interactions of cosmic rays and solar-energetic particles on the Earth's atmosphere. The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spectrometer accumulated the quiescent atmospheric spectrum over its full 9-year lifetime and our analysis revealed 20 resolved line features. We compare this spectrum with one collected on October 20, 1989, when SMM observed gamma rays produced by shock-accelerated protons that impacted the atmosphere in the polar region following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection. Observed nuclear-line intensities increased by over a factor of 50 during this event. Because this event was on the horizon and subtended a limited solid angle as viewed from SMM, the local increase was several times higher. We compare the gamma ray line energies, widths, and intensities from the solar event and quiescent atmospheric spectra and discuss their identifications. From this comparison we confirm direct observations that the solar proton spectrum is considerably softer than the spectrum of cosmic rays. Extension of an existing code for calculating solar gamma ray lines will provide information on the spectra of the protons reaching the Earth's atmosphere and thus on their transport through the magnetosphere. Broad spectral features found in the spectra are likely to be caused by a multitude of unresolved lines excited by neutron capture in the instrument, spacecraft, and Earth's atmosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1029/2000JA002012 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391WQ UT WOS:000166379600007 ER PT J AU Slinker, SP Fedder, JA Ruohoniemi, JM Lyon, JG AF Slinker, SP Fedder, JA Ruohoniemi, JM Lyon, JG TI Global MHD simulation of the magnetosphere for November 24, 1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS TECHNIQUE; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; SOLAR-WIND; SPACECRAFT AB Using Wind-measured solar wind data, we have simulated the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere for the period 1930-2330 UT on November 24, 1996. The simulation model is a global, three-dimensional, MHD formulation. This event is the focus of a Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) substorm challenge. The event features a strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) period, followed by a sudden rotation to steadily southward. About 80 min after the Wind-observed north-south transition a substorm was observed by the Polar-visible imaging system (VIS). There was good data coverage throughout this period, and the modeling community was challenged to simulate the event. During the northward period the simulation produces a small open polar cap at high magnetic latitudes, especially on the dawnside, where a polar are was observed by the Polar-VIS and was reproduced in the simulation results. The simulation also shows the ionospheric response to the southward transition in the IMF propagate from the dayside to the nightside in only a few minutes, consistent with Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) data. Later, the simulation also produces a substorm, but it occurs nearly a half hour earlier than was observed. Numerical experiments were performed by altering the solar wind IMF to investigate the sensitivity of substorm onset timing to this parameter. The model substorms occur spontaneously and do not show a strong correlation between an IMF-induced convection reduction and the onset. The initial event in the expansion onset of the simulation substorm is the beginning of fast magnetic reconnection at similar to 20 R-E in the stressed magnetotail. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Slinker, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A1 BP 361 EP 380 DI 10.1029/2000JA000603 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391WQ UT WOS:000166379600031 ER PT J AU Fine, B Myasnikov, AG Gaglione, AM Spellman, D AF Fine, B Myasnikov, AG Gaglione, AM Spellman, D TI Discriminating groups SO JOURNAL OF GROUP THEORY LA English DT Article ID ALGEBRAIC-GEOMETRY AB A group G is termed discriminating if every group separated by G is discriminated by G. In this paper we answer several questions concerning discrimination which arose from [2]. We prove that a finitely generated equationally Noetherian group G is discriminating if and only if the quasivariety generated by G is the minimal universal class containing G. Among other results, we show that the non-abelian free nilpotent groups are non-discriminating. Finally we list some open problems concerning discriminating groups. C1 Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 10031 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Fine, B (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-5883 J9 J GROUP THEORY JI J. Group Theory PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 463 EP 474 DI 10.1515/jgth.2001.034 PG 12 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 484CN UT WOS:000171672800008 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, F Ross, IM TI Second look at approximating differential inclusions SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT OPTIMIZATION; COLLOCATION C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 131 EP 133 DI 10.2514/2.4686 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 391LT UT WOS:000166358000016 ER PT J AU McGovern, RM Shin, AY Beckenbaugh, RD Linscheid, RL AF McGovern, RM Shin, AY Beckenbaugh, RD Linscheid, RL TI Long-term results of cemented Steffee arthroplasty of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE thumb; metacarpophalangeal joint; arthritis; arthroplasty; outcome AB A retrospective evaluation of the Steffee metacarpophalangeal (MCP) thumb joint prostheses was performed to determine the long-term outcome and survivorship of the prosthesis. Fifty-four primary thumb arthroplasties (49 patients) were performed for pain, weakness, or instability involving the thumb MCP joint secondary to arthritis. Underlying etiology included rheumatoid (49 thumbs), psoriatic (1 thumb), scleroderma (2 thumbs), and degenerative (2 thumbs) arthritis. Thirty-one thumbs had concomitant interphalangeal joint instability and underwent interphalangeal joint fusions. At an average follow-up period of 57 months, the average motion of the MCP joint was 21 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 40 degrees), with a significant improvement in position and stability. Thumb axis length was maintained or increased in 98%. Although there was not a consistent long-term improvement in grip or pinch strength, 87% of the patients reported subjective improvement in strength and function as a result of surgery. Pain was relieved in all thumbs with preoperative pain. Complications included a periprosthetic fracture, 2 late infections, and 1 gross loosening of the implant. The survivorship of the implant was 93% survivorship at 5 years and 89% survivorship at 10 years, with only 4 failures in 54 thumbs. The Steffee thumb MCP arthroplasty resulted in excellent long-term survivorship, patient satisfaction, and functional outcome. (J Hand Surg 2001;26A:115-122. Copyright (C) 2001 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.). C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Beckenbaugh, RD (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, E14A,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26A IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1053/jhsu.2001.21533 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 398TL UT WOS:000166772400017 PM 11172377 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Weiss, W Tine, JA Hoffman, SL Rogers, WO AF Kumar, A Weiss, W Tine, JA Hoffman, SL Rogers, WO TI ELISPOT assay for detection of peptide specific Interferon-gamma secreting cells in rhesus macaques SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ELISPOT; rhesus; malaria; T cells; interferon-gamma; DNA vaccines; Plasmodium knowlesi ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DNA VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; RESPONSES; MALARIA; MONKEYS; RECOMBINANT; IMMUNITY AB A reliable procedure to measure antigen specific T cell responses in rhesus macaques is required to determine the efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. The currently available T cell assays are poorly quantifiable or technically difficult to perform. Classical Cr-51-release cytotoxic T cell (CTL) assays are cumbersome and difficult to quantitate reproducibly. Detection of specific T-cell using MHC-peptide tetrameric complexes is highly sensitive, but requires knowledge of MHC type and prior identification of T cell epitopes. We therefore developed a rhesus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT assay capable of detecting IFN-gamma secretion in response to stimulation with pooled 20-mer peptides. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rhesus monkeys immunized with a DNA vaccine and recombinant canary pox encoding the Plasmodium knowlesi circumsporozoite protein (PkCSP) were incubated with pools of peptides from PkCSP. Positive responses to peptide pools and individual peptides ranging from 100 to 450 spot forming cells (SFC)/10(6) PBMC were detected in four of four immunized monkeys and in zero of two control monkeys. In two monkeys studied in detail, the IFN-gamma response was focussed on a single 20-mer peptide. QGDGANAGQPQAQGDGANAG, and was dependent on CD4(+), but not CD8(+), T cells. Background responses in control monkeys and preimmunization PBMCs ranged from 10 to 50 SFC/10(6) PBMC. The average within assay and between assay coefficients of variation (CV) for this peptide ELISPOT were 21.9 and 24.7%, respectively. This peptide IFN-gamma assay will be a useful tool for evaluation of T cell responses in rhesus macaques. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 247 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00310-0 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 393EA UT WOS:000166455200006 PM 11150536 ER PT J AU DeKruger, D Hodge, J Bezdek, JC Keller, JM Gader, P AF DeKruger, D Hodge, J Bezdek, JC Keller, JM Gader, P TI Detecting mobile land targets in LADAR imagery with fuzzy algorithms SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE data fusion; fuzzy systems; image processing; LADAR images; mobile land targets; target detection ID RECOGNITION AB We describe an automatic target detection system whose objective is to detect surface-to-air missile launchers and tanks-small, mobile land targets. The system uses range and intensity images from a Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) sensor. Each type of image is filtered and passed to a pair of (different) detectors. Outputs from the four detectors are subsequently filtered with a Choquet fuzzy integral, and then fused with a generalized mean. Finally, blob detections are superposed on intensity images for visual assessment, and blob windows are compared to ground truth to compute performance statistics. The system is illustrated using images from two scenes available in several volumes of the Joint Advanced Weapons Guidance data; a target board site, and the so-called "Chicken Little" outer compound. The main objective of this article is to document the proposed architecture-a novel target detection approach based on fuzzy decision theory-as a proof of concept. We have left detailed comparisons with other approaches, as well as concrete error rate analysis, to another investigation. C1 Univ W Florida, Dept Comp Sci, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Missouri, CECS Dept, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bezdek, JC (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Comp Sci, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM jbezdek@uwf.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1064-1246 J9 J INTELL FUZZY SYST JI J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 213 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 619KV UT WOS:000179475900005 ER PT J AU DiBacco, C Chadwick, DB AF DiBacco, C Chadwick, DB TI Assessing the dispersal and exchange of brachyuran larvae between regions of San Diego Bay, California and nearshore coastal habitats using elemental fingerprinting SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; VERTICAL MIGRATION; TIDAL EXCHANGE; CRAB LARVAE; ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; DECAPOD LARVAE; FISH; TRANSPORT; OTOLITHS AB Marine benthic invertebrate populations found in estuarine or coastal habitats often exchange larvae. However, the dynamics of larval exchange are poorly understood because of difficulties in (1) making synoptic assessments of horizontal and vertical larval distribution patterns over large areas for extended periods of time and (2) determining the origins of field-sampled larvae. This study examines how temporal changes in the vertical and horizontal distribution of crab larvae (i.e., Pachygrapsus crassipes and Lophopanopeus spp.) affect larval transport. Larval concentration and water velocity data were collected concurrently and were used to estimate larval exchange between regions of San Diego Bay (SDB) and between SDB and nearshore coastal waters. A larval fingerprinting technique was used to distinguish SDB and non-SDB spawned, stage I P. crassipes zoeae to quantify larval exchange between SDB and nearshore coastal waters. First order estimates of larval exchange over a tidal cycle between inner and outer regions of SDB and between the bay and nearshore coastal habitats corroborate a net transport of stage I P. crassipes zoeae from SDB as inferred from larval behavior. The estimated net larval exchange of Lophopanopeus spp. zoeae was into SDB, suggesting retention within the bay through larval development. Trace elemental fingerprinting of stage I P. crassipes zoeae revealed bi-directional exchange between SDB and the nearshore coastal environment when the predominant transport predicted from zoeal swimming behavior was out of San Diego Bay. Approximately 5% of stage I P. crassipes zoeae sampled in the mid region of SDB originated from outside SDB, while 26% of zoeae sampled at the entrance originated from outside SDB. Combined use of trace elemental fingerprinting and synoptic field sampling techniques will help improve our understanding of larval transport and ultimately the population dynamics of nearshore species. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, Div Environm Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cdibacco@whoi.edu NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 EI 1543-9542 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 53 EP 78 DI 10.1357/002224001321237362 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 416GN UT WOS:000167772100003 ER PT J AU Eckman, JE Thistle, D Burnett, WC Paterson, GLJ Robertson, CY Lambshead, PJD AF Eckman, JE Thistle, D Burnett, WC Paterson, GLJ Robertson, CY Lambshead, PJD TI Performance of cages as large animal-exclusion devices in the deep sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ISLAND SOUND SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CAGING EXPERIMENTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; DISTURBANCE; BOTTOM; DEGRADATION; DIVERSITY; FISHES AB Sedimentary, deep-sea communities include megafaunal animals (e.g., sea cucumbers, brittle stars, crabs) and demersal fishes, collectively termed the large, motile epifauna (LME). Individuals of the LME are common, and their biomass approximates that of the macrofauna. Based on analogies with shallow-water animals, they are likely to be sources of mortality for the infauna and to create spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the community. Given present theories of deep-sea community organization, such effects could be important. Unfortunately, this hypothesis has not been tested because of the difficulty of conducting experiments in the deep sea and because tools for manipulating the LME have not been developed. We studied the suitability of exclusion cages for this purpose at 780 m depth in San Diego Trough. We placed 16 cages of two mesh sizes for 4.5 months over regions of the seafloor that appeared free of LME. Time-lapse photographs of a cage and a control plot coupled with observations of all cages at the end of the experiment indicated that small (1.27-cm X 1.27-cm square)-mesh cages were effective at excluding LME. Further, the cages were essentially foe of cage artifacts that have been reported in shallow-water studies. Large, mobile and disruptive animals (e.g., fishes, crabs) did not establish long-term residence adjacent to or on the cages. Bio-fouling slightly reduced the open surface area of the cage mesh, potentially reducing flow through the cage, but the composition of surface sediments in terms of organic C and N, phytoplankton-derived pigments, and grain size was indistinguishable between cages and control areas. Activities of excess Th-234 were significantly higher (average = 37%) inside of small-mesh cages, which might suggest enhanced particulate deposition inside cages. However, this measurement was an artifact of experimental manipulation. Particles that accumulated on the cage during the experiment were dislodged acid settled to the seafloor when the cage was opened just prior to sampling. These particles would have been highly enriched in Th-234, and their inclusion in core samples artificially inflated the calculated sediment accumulation rates inside cages. Therefore, the cages performed well; they excluded the targeted LME without causing artifacts and thus should be useful fur experimental study of a group of animals that may have substantial impact on the structure and organization of deep-sea communities. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Eckman, JE (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 322BC,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI Thistle, David/P-4052-2015; Paterson, Gordon/A-9894-2011 OI Thistle, David/0000-0002-8436-6987; Paterson, Gordon/0000-0002-5331-5837 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1357/002224001321237371 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 416GN UT WOS:000167772100004 ER PT J AU Croguennec, L Pouillerie, C Mansour, AN Delmas, C AF Croguennec, L Pouillerie, C Mansour, AN Delmas, C TI Structural characterisation of the highly deintercalated LixNi1.02O2 phases (with x <= 0.30) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Materials Discussion Meeting of the Royal-Society-of-Chemistry (MD3) CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL CHURCH COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Royal Soc Chem HO CHURCH COLL ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; CATHODE MATERIAL; SOLID-SOLUTION; LINIO2; NICKEL; OXYCOMPOUNDS; LIXCOO2; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; OXIDES AB The full structural characterisation of the highly deintercalated LixNi1.02O2 (x less than or equal to 0.30) phases has been performed. The structure of the Li0.30Ni1.02O2 phase was refined by the Rietveld method. The cationic distribution was found to be identical to that of the pristine material. A study of the Li//LixNi1.02O2 system at high potential has shown the successive formation of two phases with O3 (AB CA BC) and O1 (AB) oxygen packing, respectively, near the NiO2 composition. Since slab gliding is at the origin of the O3 to O1 transition, layer displacement faults were observed in these two phases. For the O3 phase, as soon as all the lithium ions are removed from an interslab space, an O1-type fault occurs locally. In contrast, for the O1 phase, the presence of extra-nickel ions in the interslab space prevents slab gliding in the vicinity and, therefore, O3-type interslab spaces remain in the O1-type packing. The X-ray diffraction patterns were simulated using the DIFFaX program. It was shown that the stabilisation of the O1-type packing at the very end of the deintercalation process is due to a minimisation of the interactions between the p orbitals of the oxygen ions through the van der Waals gap. A two-phase domain is observed between Li0.30NiO2 and a composition close to NiO2 since, for very low lithium contents, the Ni3+/Ni4+ ordering (and the lithium/vacancy ordering) is no longer possible and the difference in size between the cations leads to the formation of constraints which destabilise the Ni3+ ions in a lattice where Ni4+ ions prevail. At the end of the deintercalation process, the NiO2 compound appears to be highly covalent, therefore, the steric effects prevail over the electrostatic repulsion effects, as in chalcogenides. C1 CNRS, ICMCB, F-33608 Pessac, France. Ecole Natl Super Chim & Phys Bordeaux, F-33608 Pessac, France. SAFT, F-33074 Bordeaux, France. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Croguennec, L (reprint author), CNRS, ICMCB, Av Dr A Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France. RI Laurence, CROGUENNEC/E-4558-2010; Croguennec, Laurence/R-9512-2016 OI Croguennec, Laurence/0000-0002-3018-0992 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1039/b003377o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 388ZF UT WOS:000166212400019 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Dunn, B AF Rolison, DR Dunn, B TI Electrically conductive oxide aerogels: new materials in electrochemistry SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; PROPYLENE CARBONATE SOLUTION; TREATED MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE; LOW-DENSITY XEROGELS; SILICA AEROGELS; VANADIUM-OXIDE; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; AMBIENT-PRESSURE AB Aerogels, which are nanoscale mesoporous materials of low density and high surface area, have been well studied as thermal insulators, heterogeneous catalysts, and novel particle or radiation detectors. Now, electrically conducting oxide aerogels are being explored as new materials in electrochemistry and for their innate ability to amplify the nature of the surfaces of technologically relevant conducting oxides in batteries, ultracapacitors, and fuel cells. Recent results are reviewed in which the mixed electron- and cation-conducting transition metal oxides of vanadium, molybdenum, ruthenium, and manganese have been prepared as low density, highly porous, and high surface area aerogels and then studied as charge-storage electrode materials. These materials challenge the standard ways in which electrochemically active oxides are conceived, studied, and used. C1 USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil; bdunn@ucla.edu NR 221 TC 254 Z9 261 U1 8 U2 152 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 963 EP 980 DI 10.1039/b007591o PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 415NR UT WOS:000167728100001 ER PT J AU Fang, JY Whitaker, C Weslowski, B Chen, MS Naciri, J Shashidhar, R AF Fang, JY Whitaker, C Weslowski, B Chen, MS Naciri, J Shashidhar, R TI Synthesis and photodimerization in self-assembled monolayers of 7-(8-trimethoxysilyloctyloxy)coumarin SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COUMARIN; SURFACES; FILMS AB We report a synthesis of 7-(8-trimethoxysilyloctyloxy) coumarin that can self-assemble into optically active monolayers on substrates. Atomic force microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy have been used to characterize the self-assembly processes and photochemical reaction of the coumarin silane on substrates. We also show that when irradiated with linearly polarized UV light, the self-assembled coumarin monolayer can induce a homogeneous alignment of nematic liquid crystals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fang, JY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2992 EP 2995 DI 10.1039/b102980k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 501BY UT WOS:000172664200027 ER PT J AU Berlouis, LEA Cabrera, E Hall-Barientos, E Hall, PJ Dodd, SB Morris, S Imam, MA AF Berlouis, LEA Cabrera, E Hall-Barientos, E Hall, PJ Dodd, SB Morris, S Imam, MA TI Thermal analysis investigation of hydriding properties of nanocrystalline Mg-Ni- and Mg-Fe-based alloys prepared by high-energy ball milling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS; MG2NI-H SYSTEM; MAGNESIUM; SORPTION; KINETICS; ABSORPTION; MG2FEH6; NICKEL AB The hydrogen loading characteristics of nanocrystalline Mg, Mg-Ni (Ni from 0.1 to 10 at.%), and Mg-Fe (Fe from 1 to 10 at.%) alloys in 3 MPa H-2 were examined using high pressure differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. All samples showed rapid uptake of hydrogen. A decrease in the onset temperature for hydrogen absorption was observed with increasing Ni and Fe alloy content, but the thermal signatures obtained suggested that only Mg was involved in the hydriding reaction; i,e., no clear evidence was found for the intermetallic hydrides Mg2NiH4 and Mg2FeH6. Hydrogen loading capacity decreased with temperature cycling, and this was attributed to a sintering process in the alloy, leading to a reduction in the specific surface available for hydrogen absorption. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland. Dev & Evaluat Res Agcy, Struct Mat Ctr, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berlouis, LEA (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 295 Cathedral St, Glasgow G1 1XL, Lanark, Scotland. RI Hall, Peter/F-6948-2010 NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0012 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 390DV UT WOS:000166281200012 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, A Harris, DC Johnson, LF AF Kirkpatrick, A Harris, DC Johnson, LF TI Effect of ion implantation on the strength of sapphire at 300-600 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; AL2O3; IRON; FRACTURE AB Ion implantation with B-11(+) or Si-28(+) at 1000 degreesC doubled the ring-on-ring flexure strength of c-plane sapphire disks tested at 300 degreesC but had little effect on strength at 500 or 600 degreesC. Disks were implanted on the tensile surface with 2 x 10(17) B/cm(2) (half at 40 keV and half at 160 keV) or 1 x 10(17) Si/cm(2) (80 keV). Sapphire implanted with 1 x 10(18) B/cm(2) had only half as much flexure strength at 300 degrees or 500 degreesC as sapphire implanted with 2 x 10(17) B/cm(2). Implantation with B, Si, N, Fe or Cr had no effect on the c-axis compressive strength of sapphire at 600 degreesC. Boron ion implantation (2 x 10(1)7 B/cm(2), half at 40 keV and half at 160 keV) induced a compressive surface force per unit length of 1.9 x 10(2) N/m at 20 degrees and 1.4 x 10(2) N/m at 600 degreesC. The infrared emittance at 550-800 degrees of B-implanted sapphire at a wavelength of 5 mum increased by 10-15% over that of unimplanted sapphire. Infrared transmittance of sapphire implanted with B, Si or N at either 1000 degreesC or 25 degreesC is within similar to1-3% of that of unimplanted material at 3.3 mum. Implantation with Fe or Cr at 25 degreesC decreases the transmittance by 4-8% at 3.3 mum, but implantation at 1000 degreesC decreased transmittance by only 2-4% compared to unimplanted material. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, A (reprint author), Epion Corp, 37 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2195 EP 2201 DI 10.1023/A:1017596001471 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 426DD UT WOS:000168333800009 ER PT J AU Savrun, E Scott, WD Harris, DC AF Savrun, E Scott, WD Harris, DC TI The effect of titanium doping on the high-temperature rhombohedral twinning of sapphire SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB C-axis compressive strengths of pure and titanium-doped sapphire were measured at 600 degreesC in air. Single crystal sapphire was doped with both titanium (3+) and titanium (4+) ions from mixtures initially containing 0.05% wt. to 0.25% wt. Ti2O3 in Al2O3. It was shown that both valence state and concentration of titanium were important in slowing down twin boundary movement under c-axis compression. Titanium (4+) doping did not adversely affect the thermal conductivity and infrared optical properties of sapphire. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Sienna Technol Inc, Woodinville, WA 98072 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Savrun, E (reprint author), Sienna Technol Inc, 19501 144th Ave NE, Woodinville, WA 98072 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2295 EP 2301 DI 10.1023/A:1017576907831 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 426DD UT WOS:000168333800021 ER PT J AU Cole, B Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Miklos, R Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Cole, B Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Miklos, R Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Core/clad selenide glass fiber doped with Pr3+ for active mid-IR applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cole, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1023/A:1010975102784 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 422QB UT WOS:000168129700021 ER PT J AU Culham, P AF Culham, P TI Piracy in the Graeco-Roman world SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Culham, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.2307/2677434 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 387JX UT WOS:000166120400007 ER PT J AU Goodsell, DS Gaber, BP AF Goodsell, DS Gaber, BP TI The art of molecular graphics: Simplifying complexes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20374 USA. RP Goodsell, DS (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 618 EP 619 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 468BV UT WOS:000170739000013 ER PT J AU Bi, YH Chen, LG Wu, C Wang, SH AF Bi, YH Chen, LG Wu, C Wang, SH TI Effect of heat transfer on the performance of thermoelectric heat pumps SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; LOAD AB The performance analysis of thermoelectric (semiconductor) heat pumps is performed using the combined method of finite time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The heating load and coefficient of performance (COP) expressions for the heat pump, which is composed of multi-elements, are derived with considerations of heat transfer irreversibility in the heat exchangers between the heat pump and the external heat reservoirs as well as the other internal irreversibilities. Numerical examples are provided. The effects of heat transfer, the number of elements and the other design parameters on the performance of the heat pump are analyzed. C1 Beijing Polytech Univ, Fac Air Conditioning, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. Naval Acad Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1515/JNETDY.2001.004 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 418VN UT WOS:000167915000004 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Gong, JZ Sheng, LW Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Gong, JZ Sheng, LW Sun, FR Wu, C TI Theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation of the performance of a thermoelectric refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The cooling load and coefficient of performance (COP) expressions for a thermoelectric refrigerator, which is composed of multi-elements, are derived with the consideration of heat transfer irreversibility in the heat exchangers between the refrigerator and the reservoirs. An experimental device is built for the performance investigation of the thermoelectric refrigerator. The device is used to evaluate the effect of external heat transfer on the performance of the thermoelectric refrigerator. The theoretical results are compared and confirmed with experimental results. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 43003, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 43003, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1515/JNETDY.2001.007 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 418VN UT WOS:000167915000007 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Effect of heat transfer law on the performance of a generalized irreversible carnot refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CYCLES; OPTIMIZATION; ENGINES; LEAK AB The sole irreversibility considered in an endoreversible Carnot refrigerator model is the loss of heat resistance between the refrigerator and its surrounding heat reservoirs. This paper presents a generalized irreversible Carnot refrigerator model by taking into account several additional internal irreversibilities of the refrigerator, such as heat leakage, friction, turbulence and other undesirable factors. This is done by means of a constant parameter and a constant coefficient, together with the loss of heat resistance. The relation between optimal cooling load and coefficient of performance (COP) is derived based on a generalized heat transfer law Q proportional to Delta (T-n). The effect of heat leakage, internal irreversibility, and heat transfer law on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible Carnot refrigerator is investigated. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 43003, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 43003, Peoples R China. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 2001 VL 26 IS 3 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1515/JNETDY.2001.021 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 483QC UT WOS:000171646100008 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JF Dimond, E Steinberg, S AF Jenkins, JF Dimond, E Steinberg, S TI Preparing for the future through genetics nursing education SO JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP LA English DT Article DE continuing education; curriculum; descriptive analysis; correlational; genetics AB Purpose: To determine recommendations for curriculum change that are indicated by innovations in genetics. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative. The sample (n = 356) consisted of nurses identified as experts in genetics (n = 228) and nurses identified as potential users of genetics education (n = 128). Nurses' opinions of core components of a genetics curriculum were elicited via a mailed survey questionnaire. Participants also provided demographic information and completed the Jones Innovativeness Scale (1997). Findings: Recommended content in genetics education for practicing nurses was identified by both groups of nurses. Innovativeness characterized 3% of the respondents. Ninety-eight percent of respondents said that adopting genetics education is important. In total, 398 items were identified as potential consequences of education that incorporates genetic information. Conclusions: Identified content provides a template for genetics education programs for nurses. Genetics nursing education was perceived to have positive outcomes for both nurses and clients. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Jenkins, JF (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 8,Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIGMA THETA TAU INT PI INDIANAPOLIS PA 550 W NORTH STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA SN 1527-6546 J9 J NURS SCHOLARSHIP JI J. Nurs. Scholarsh. PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00191.x PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 481XX UT WOS:000171546700018 PM 11419317 ER PT J AU Gantt, CJ AF Gantt, CJ TI The theory of planned behavior and postpartum smoking relapse SO JOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP LA English DT Article DE smoking cessation; postnatal period; Aizen-Fishbein theory of reasoned action; theory of planned behavior ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PREGNANT SMOKERS; MATERNAL SMOKING; QUIT SMOKING; WOMEN; PREVENTION; EXERCISE; INTERVENTION; INTENTION AB Purpose: To explore the applicability of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to postpartum smoking relapse. Organizing Framework: The theory of planned behavior is proposed as an appropriate framework for the study of postpartum smoking relapse. Methods: The literature on smoking cessation, postnatal smoking, and the theory of planned behavior were reviewed. References included electronic database and manual search results. Conclusions: The theory of planned behavior provides a framework for explaining, predicting, and influencing human behaviors based on modifiable factors of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. The inclusion of instrument development guidelines significantly strengthens the usefulness of the framework. A theoretically based understanding of Postpartum smoking relapses can guide and strengthen appropriate interventions directed toward significantly reducing postpartum smoking, thereby increasing the number of women who are able to remain smoke-free for life. C1 Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Nurse Corps, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gantt, CJ (reprint author), 1354 Ronda Ave, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SIGMA THETA TAU INT PI INDIANAPOLIS PA 550 W NORTH STREET, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA SN 1527-6546 J9 J NURS SCHOLARSHIP JI J. Nurs. Scholarsh. PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00337.x PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 636FU UT WOS:000180444600015 PM 11775303 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Lan, J Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Lan, J Fan, CW TI Japan Sea thermohaline structure and circulation. Part I: Climatology SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CHINA SEA; THERMAL VARIABILITY; MODEL AB In this study, the U.S. Navy's Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) climatological temperature and salinity data on a 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees grid is used to investigate the seasonal variabilities of the Japan/East Sea (JES) thermohaline structure and circulations. The GDEM for the JES was built up on historical (1930-97) 136 509 temperature and 52 572 salinity profiles. A three-dimensional estimate of the absolute geostrophic velocity field was obtained from the GDEM temperature and salinity fields using the P-vector method. The seasonal variabilities of the thermohaline structure and the inverted currents such as the Subpolar Front, the salinity minimum and maximum in the Japan Sea Intermediate Water, and the Tsushima Warm Current and its bifurcation are identified. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 244 EP 271 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0244:JSTSAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 393ND UT WOS:000166475800015 ER PT J AU Shay, LK Cook, TM Hallock, ZR Haus, BK Graber, HC Martinez, J AF Shay, LK Cook, TM Hallock, ZR Haus, BK Graber, HC Martinez, J TI The strength of the M-2 tide at the Chesapeake Bay mouth SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; SHELF; CURRENTS; CIRCULATION; PLUMES; FRONTS; LAYER AB As part of the Naval Research Laboratory and Office of Naval Research sponsored Physics of Coastal Remote Sensing Research Program, an experiment was conducted in September-October 1996 off Virginia Beach. Ocean surface currents were measured using the high-frequency (25.4 MHz) mode of the Ocean Surface Current Radar at 20-min intervals at a horizontal resolution of 1 km over an approximate 30 km x 44 km domain. Comparisons to subsurface current measurements at 1-2 m beneath the surface from two broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) revealed good agreement to the surface currents. Regression analyses indicated biases of 4 and -3 cm s(-1) for cross-shelf and along-shelf currents, respectively, where slopes were O(1) with correlation coefficients of 0.8. Nine months of sea level heights from the NOAA National Ocean Survey Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel tidal station revealed an energetic M-2 tidal component having an amplitude of 37.5 cm and a phase of 357 degrees. The S-2 tidal constituent had an amplitude of 7 cm and a phase of 49 degrees. By contrast, the diurnal band (K-1, O-1) tidal constituents were considerably weaker with amplitudes of 1-5 cm. From 19 days of HF-derived surface currents, the M2 and S2 tidal current amplitudes had a maximum of about 50 and 8 cm s(-1) at the Chesapeake Bay mouth, respectively. Explained variances associated with these four tidal current constituents were a maximum of 60% at the mouth and decreased southward. Analyses at the ADCP moorings indicated that the semidiurnal tidal currents were predominantly barotropic with cross-shelf and along-shelf currents of 18 and 10 cm s(-1). Energetic semidiurnal tidal currents were highly correlated over the HF-radar domain, and the phase angles indicated a consistent anticyclonic veering of the M-2 tidal current with along-shelf distance from the mouth. Normalized tidal current vorticities by the local Coriolis parameter (f), which represent a proxy for the Rossby number, were +/-0.25 f near the mouth and +/-0.05 f in the southern part of the domain for the M-2 constituent. Simulations from a linear, barotropic model were highly correlated with observed M-2 tidal currents at 85 points within the HF-radar domain, consistent with the premise of weakly nonlinear flows. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Phys Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shay, LK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2 BP 427 EP 449 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0427:TSOTMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 404RH UT WOS:000167114100008 ER PT J AU Phillips, OM Posner, FL Hansen, JP AF Phillips, OM Posner, FL Hansen, JP TI High range resolution radar measurements of the speed distribution of breaking events in wind-generated ocean waves: Surface impulse and wave energy dissipation rates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; WHITECAP COVERAGE; GRAVITY-WAVES; DEEP-WATER; SPECTRUM; STRESS; CLOUDS AB A set of X-band radar measurements, backscattered from the sea surface at near grazing incidence with very high spatial and temporal resolution (30 cm in range and 2000-Hz pulse repetition frequency) in moderate wind conditions, are dominated by moving discrete events (sea spikes). They have radar cross sections of up to about 1 m(2) and are found to possess the characteristics of breaking wave fronts. Contributions from Bragg backscattering appear to be at least two orders of magnitude smaller. The number of events detected per unit area per unit time was of the same order as found by Ding and Farmer at almost the same wind speed, but the distribution of event speeds was narrower-the fastest breaking wave events observed had line-of-sight speeds of about 0.6 of the dominant wave speed. The measured histograms of number of events versus event speed c suggested that the smaller events with c <3 m s(-1) were only incompletely counted so that the characteristics of only the faster events (3-6 m s(-1)) were analyzed in detail. With the use of independent data on the average shape of broken areas, for the first time the form of the function (c), the distribution with respect to speed of the length of breaking front per unit area of surface and c Lambda (c), and the fraction of surface turned over per unit time per speed increment were determined. These were found to decrease monotonically with increasing event speed, indicating that these quantities are dominated by the smaller, more frequent breaking events. By making use of the Duncan-Melville expression for the dissipation rate per unit length of a breaking front, the distributions of wave energy dissipation by breaking and of momentum flux to the water by breaking wave impulses are also found for the first time. These were found to be broadband over the whole range of breaker speeds that could be measured reliably, that is, those corresponding to scales of 50%-20% of the dominant wavelength. These results offer no support to the hypothesis of a "Kolmogorov cascade'' in wind-generated waves analogous to that in turbulence, with energy input from the wind at large scales and dissipation from the waves at small scales. The measurements indicate that, in contrast, dissipation is significant at the largest scales of wave breaking and is distributed widely across that spectrum. If the results are interpreted in terms of equilibrium range wave theory, a value for the numerical constant in the Duncan-Melville expression is inferred that is smaller than the range given by Melville, but a simple expression for the total rate of energy loss from the wind-driven waves is quantitatively consistent with results of upper-ocean turbulence dissipation measurements reported by Terray et al. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, OM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 27 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2 BP 450 EP 460 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0450:HRRRMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 404RH UT WOS:000167114100009 ER PT J AU Wang, DW Hwang, PA AF Wang, DW Hwang, PA TI Evolution of the bimodal directional distribution of ocean waves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NUMBER SPECTRA; WIND-WAVES; BUOY DATA; PITCH; FETCH AB Recent results of numerical wave models have shown that the presence of a bimodal directional spreading is a robust feature at wavenumbers above the spectral peak. This directional bimodality is controlled mainly by directional transfer of energy through nonlinear wave-wave interactions. The bimodal feature has also been observed in the directional spectra derived from the spatial topography of ocean surface waves acquired by stereo-photography, image radars, and an airborne scanning lidar system. In this study, a comprehensive data analysis of the evolution of the wave directional distribution during two active wave growth periods in Lake Michigan is conducted. The wind and wave measurements are acquired by two heave-pitch-roll buoys moored at a nearshore and an offshore station. An empirical method averaging the results of the maximum likelihood method and maximum entropy method is used to estimate the directional distribution from buoy measurements. The study shows that the bimodal distribution is a distinctive and persistent feature over a broad frequency range throughout the wave growth process. The characteristics of directional bimodality are quantified by parameters related to the separation angles and the amplitudes of the sidelobes. In general, the values of the parameters are smallest near the peak frequency and increase toward both lower and higher frequencies. This frequency-dependent pattern appears to be invariant to the change of wave age throughout the wave growth process. The persistent nature of the directional bimodality indicates that the nonlinear wave-wave interaction mechanism not only actively moves wave energy away from the peak frequency into both higher and lower frequency components but also constantly redistributes wave energy into directions oblique to the wind direction. At the offshore buoy site when the wind and peak wave directions align closely, the bimodal distribution is symmetric about the wind direction. At the nearshore buoy site when the local wind and the peak wave are not moving in the same direction or the wind field is less homogeneous, the bimodal distribution is asymmetric. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1221 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1200:EOTBDD>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 427UD UT WOS:000168423100003 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Wang, DW AF Hwang, PA Wang, DW TI Directional distributions and mean square slopes in the equilibrium and saturation ranges of the wave spectrum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE-WAVES; SHORT WATER-WAVES; NUMBER SPECTRA; WIND-WAVES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; SEA-SURFACE; FETCH; EVOLUTION; MODEL; GAUGE AB Field observations show that the crosswind component constitutes a significant portion of the ocean surface mean square slope. The average ratio between the crosswind and upwind mean square slope components is 0.88 in slick-covered ocean surfaces. This large crosswind slope component cannot be explained satisfactorily based on our present models of a unimodal directional distribution function of ocean waves. Two-dimensional spectral analysis of the 3D ocean surface topography reveals that a bimodal directional distribution is a common feature for wave components shorter than the peak wavelength. The calculated result of the upwind and crosswind mean square slope components using a bimodal directional distributions yields substantial improvement in agreement with field measurements. Also discussed in this paper is the transition of the spectral function from an equilibrium form to a saturation form. Through comparison with the mean square slope data of the slick cases under which short waves are suppressed and calculation of the range of wavenumbers influenced by nonlinear wave-wave interaction, it is found that the transition from the equilibrium range to saturation range occurs at a wavenumber in the neighborhood of 6.5 times the peak wavenumber. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1346 EP 1360 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1346:DDAMSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 427UD UT WOS:000168423100011 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC O'Reilly, WC AF Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC O'Reilly, WC TI A hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian model for spectral wave evolution with application to bottom friction on the continental shelf SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RIPPLE GEOMETRY; BED ROUGHNESS; SHEET FLOW; WIND-SEA; CURRENTS; DISSIPATION; DYNAMICS; BALANCE; SWELL AB A hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian wave model is presented that solves the spectral energy balance equation for surface gravity waves in varying depth. The energy of each spectral component is advected along (Lagrangian) ray trajectories. The source terms in the energy balance equation (e.g., interactions between wave components and nonconservative processes) are computed on a fixed Eulerian grid and interpolated onto the ray trajectories. The source terms are integrated in time along the rays. This integration is performed in parallel over the entire model domain. The main advantage of this new model, named CREST (Coupled Rays with Eulerian Source Terms), is that refraction of waves by subgrid-scale depth variations is evaluated accurately using precomputed rays, and thus the model can be applied with relatively coarse source term grids to large coastal areas. Hindcasts of swell evolution across the North Carolina continental shelf are presented for a source term restricted to energy dissipation in the bottom boundary layer over a movable sandy seabed. The results show that the hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method is a viable approach for accurate wave predictions in large coastal regions with nonstationary boundary conditions. Good agreement between model predictions and field observations of swell decay supports the hypothesis that, in the absence of strong local wind forcing, the evolution of waves across a wide, sandy continental shelf is dominated by refraction and bottom friction, which is well represented by a moveable bed parameterization. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC AR,833 Dyer Rd,Rm 331, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1516 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1498:AHELMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 443UR UT WOS:000169360500007 ER PT J AU Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE AF Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE TI The nondeterministic nature of Kuroshio penetration and eddy shedding in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHILIPPINE SEA; OCEAN MODEL; INTRUSION; WATER; CIRCULATION AB A 1/8 degrees, 6-layer Pacific version of the Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model is used to investigate the nondeterministic nature of Kuroshio intrusion and eddy shedding into the South China Sea (SCS) on annual and interannual timescales. Four simulations, which only differ in the initial state, are forced with 1979-93 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis 1000 hectopascal (hPa) winds and then continued in 1994-97 with ECMWF operational 1000-hPa winds. The model shows differing amounts of Kuroshio penetration across all four simulations for the yearly means, indicating a large degree of nondeterminism at this timescale. This nondeterminism is quantified by a technique that separates the variability of a model variable into deterministic (caused by direct atmospheric forcing) and nondeterministic (caused by mesoscale flow instabilities) components. Analysis indicates substantial nondeterministic sea surface height and upper-layer velocity variability in the vicinity of Luzon Strait. A quantitative measure of Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS is presented that allows interexperiment comparisons and investigation of interannual variability, and attempts are made to positively correlate it with the oceanic and atmospheric environment. Yearly mean Kuroshio intrusion is not strongly linked to Luzon Strait transports or to changes in the North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude (which is related to the northward Kuroshio transport east of Luzon). Likewise, no relationship could be found that linked interannual variability of yearly mean Kuroshio intrusion or monsoon season mean Luzon Strait transport with the corresponding zonal or meridional wind components, wind stress magnitude, or wind stress curl. However, there was a close relationship between the mean seasonal cycles of the Luzon Strait transport and the northeast-southwest monsoon. Eddy shedding and deep Kuroshio intrusion are rare events during the period of ECMWF reanalysis forcing, but are persistent features during the ECMWF operational time frame. While the wind stress is consistent across the reanalysis/operational time boundary, large differences exist in the wind stress curl pattern over the Luzon Strait and interior of the SCS basin. For contemporaneous years, the ECMWF operational winds produce higher curl extrema (by a factor of 2) and a much sharper north-south gradient in Luzon Strait. The net effect is to produce more Ekman pumping, a deepening of the thermocline, and a more deeply penetrating Kuroshio during the 1994-97 ECMWF operational forcing time frame. Thus, while normal interannual variations of the wind curl did not produce a deterministic response of simulated Kuroshio intrusion, the marked differences in curl between the two atmospheric products did have a substantial impact. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Metzger, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 50 TC 103 Z9 119 U1 8 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1712 EP 1732 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1712:TNNOKP>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 450ZM UT WOS:000169774800004 ER PT J AU Lentz, S Carr, M Herbers, THC AF Lentz, S Carr, M Herbers, THC TI Barotropic tides on the North Carolina shelf SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TIDAL CURRENTS; MOMENTUM BALANCES; GEORGES-BANK; INNER SHELF; FREQUENCY; DYNAMICS AB Observations from 18 near-bottom pressure sensors and 8 current meter moorings provide a characterization of the barotropic tides over the North Carolina continental shelf between Chesapeake Bay and Cape Hatteras. The largest tidal constituents in this region are the M-2 (sea level amplitude 47 cm), N-2 (11 cm), and S-2 (10 cm) semidiurnal tides and the K-1/P-1 (7 cm) and O-1 (5 cm) diurnal tides. The barotropic tidal currents are small, less than 3 cm s(-1), except for the M-2 current which reaches 10 cm s(-1) at mid shelf. Cross-shelf currents increase linearly from approximately zero near the coast to a maximum over the mid and outer shelf. Alongshelf currents are nonzero near the coast and increase to roughly twice the coastal value over the mid and outer shelf. While bottom friction is weak over most of the shelf, in water depths of less than 10 m bottom friction results in a rapid phase decrease toward the coast in the semidiurnal alongshelf velocities. This phase difference is not observed in the K-1/P-1 alongshelf flow, possibly because diurnal wind forcing causes an opposing phase increase toward the coast. Alongshelf variations in tidal amplitudes and phases near the coast are much larger than expected based on variations along the shelf break inferred from basin-scale altimeter estimates. The shelf width in this region increases from 25 to 100 km over an alongshelf distance of about 150 km. Results from an analytic, flat-bottom, two-dimensional model indicate that widening of the shelf toward the north causes the observed alongshelf increase in the semidiurnal amplitude and phase, but does not explain alongshelf variations in the weaker diurnal constituents. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lentz, S (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1843 EP 1859 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1843:BTOTNC>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 450ZM UT WOS:000169774800011 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Lan, J Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Lan, J Fan, CW TI Japan sea thermohaline structure and circulation. Part II: A variational P-vector method SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL VARIABILITY; ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; MODEL AB The second part of this work investigates the seasonal variabilities of the Japan/East Sea (JES) circulation using the U.S. Navy Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) climatological temperature and salinity dataset (public domain) on a 0.5 degrees x0.5 degrees grid. A variational P-vector method was developed to invert the velocity field. The GDEM for the JES was built up on historical (1930-97) 136 509 temperature and 52 572 salinity profiles. The climatological mean and seasonal variability of the current systems are well inverted, especially the Tsushima Warm Current and its bifurcation, the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), the Japan nearshore branch, the confluence of the EKWC, and the North Korean Cold Current near the Korean coast and flows northeastward along the subpolar front, and a mesoscale anticyclonic eddy in the Ulleng/Tsushima Basin. Furthermore, this method has the capability to invert flow reasonably well across the shallow straits such as the Tsushima/Korea, Tsugaru, and Soya Straits. The GDEM temperature and salinity and the inverted velocity fields provide balanced initial fields for JES numerical modeling and simulation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2886 EP 2902 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2886:JSTSAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 478LB UT WOS:000171346700006 ER PT J AU Tilburg, CE Hurlburt, HE O'Brien, JJ Shriver, JF AF Tilburg, CE Hurlburt, HE O'Brien, JJ Shriver, JF TI The dynamics of the East Australian Current system: The Tasman Front, the East Auckland Current, and the East Cape Current SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; GENERAL CIRCULATION; SOUTH-PACIFIC; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; BOUNDARY CURRENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; MODEL AB The dynamics of the flow field surrounding New Zealand are investigated using a series of global ocean models. The physical mechanisms governing the direction, magnitude, and location of the East Australian Current (EAC), the Tasman Front, the East Auckland Current (EAUC), and the East Cape Current (ECC) are studied using numerical simulations whose complexity is systematically increased. As new dynamics are added to each successive simulation, their direct and indirect effects on the flow field are examined. The simulations have horizontal resolutions of 1/8 degrees, 1/16 degrees, or 1/32 degrees for each variable, and vertical resolutions ranging from 1.5-layer reduced gravity to 6-layer finite depth with realistic bottom topography. All simulations are forced by the Hellerman and Rosenstein monthly wind stress climatology. Analysis of these simulations shows that several factors play a critical role in governing the behavior of the examined currents. These factors include 1) mass balance of water pathways through the region, 2) gradients in the wind stress curl, 3) nonlinear flow instabilities, and 4) upper-ocean-topographic coupling due to mixed baroclinic and barotropic instabilities. Transport stream-functions of a linear reduced gravity model reproduce the large-scale features well but produce an EAUC that flows counter to the observed direction. The residual of the mass balance of the transport through the Tasman Sea, the basinwide transport at 32 degreesS, and the transport of the South Pacific subtropical gyre east of New Zealand determines the direction of the EAUC. The 6-layer nonlinear model allows isopycnal outcropping, which changes the transport through the Tasman Sea and produces an EAUC flowing in the observed direction. Gradients in the zonally integrated wind stress curl field determine the coastal separation points of the EAC, the EAUC, and the ECC, while a combination of nonlinear flow instabilities and upper-ocean-topographic coupling contribute to the formation of meanders in the Tasman Front. Increased resolution results in greater mixed baroclinic-barotropic instabilities and thus more upper-ocean-topographic coupling and surface variability, giving a more accurate simulation of topographically controlled mean meanders in the Tasman Front. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, 102 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 65 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2917 EP 2943 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2917:TDOTEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 478LB UT WOS:000171346700008 ER PT J AU Hobson, GV Hansen, DJ Schnorenberg, DG Grove, DV AF Hobson, GV Hansen, DJ Schnorenberg, DG Grove, DV TI Effect of Reynolds number on separation bubbles compressor blades in cascade SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB A detailed experimental investigation of second-generation, controlled-diffusion, compressor stator blades at an off-design inlet-Row angle was performed in a low-speed-cascade wind tunnel primarily using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), The object was to characterize the flowfield in the Reynolds number range of 2.1-6.4 x 10(5) and to obtain LDV measurements of the suction surface boundary-layer separation that occurred near midchord. Surface Row visualization showed that at the low Reynolds number the midchord separation bubble started laminar and reattached turbulent within 20% chord on the suction side of the blade. The extent of the bubble compared very well with the measured blade surface pressure distribution, which showed a classical plateau and then diffusion in the turbulent region. LDV measurements of the flow reversal in the bubble were performed. At the intermediate Reynolds number, the boundary layer was transitional upstream of the separation bubble that had decreased significantly in size (down to 10% chord). At the highest Reynolds number, the Row was turbulent from close to the leading edge, and three-dimensional Row reversal as a result of endwall effects appeared at approximately 80% chord, These data, particularly the low Reynolds number data, are an excellent test case for either large-eddy simulation or direct numerical simulation of cascade flowfields. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Turboprop Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hobson, GV (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Turboprop Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.2514/2.5721 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 393FG UT WOS:000166458100020 ER PT J AU Haws, RG Noall, JS Daines, RL AF Haws, RG Noall, JS Daines, RL TI Computational investigation of a method to compress air fluidically in supersonic inlets SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The inlet is an important component in high-speed airbreathing engines. Whereas a variable-geometry inlet maximizes performance, it adds weight and complexity to the engine. Fixed-geometry inlets are limited to low contraction ratios to allow the initial normal shock to be swallowed and the engine to start. A novel fixed-geometry inlet configuration that uses a high-speed jet to act as the contact surface and compress the air is computationally investigated. Adjusting the jet pressure alters the contact surface and allows shock-on-lip conditions to be maintained over a range of flight Mach numbers without a movable flowpath. This configuration allows a low-blockage flowpath for low flight speeds, resulting in low spillage, while maintaining high compression in scramjet mode. Flow solutions are obtained using a Navier-Stokes solver. Flowfield details are presented and discussed, including the shock patterns and mixing between the jet and air. Shock-on-lip is demonstrated at varying flight Mach numbers, and associated effects on the flowfield are presented. Global analysis indicates that minimizing jet mass flow is a key to applying this concept to practical engines. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Haws, RG (reprint author), USN, Aeromech & Thermal Anal Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.2514/2.3654 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400RP UT WOS:000166885700008 ER PT J AU Gates, SS Koss, SM Zedd, MF AF Gates, SS Koss, SM Zedd, MF TI Advanced tether experiment deployment failure SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Astronautical-Society/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWWOD, ALASKA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Advanced Tether Experiment was launched into orbit aboard the National Reconnaissance Office sponsored Space Technology Experiment spacecraft on 3 October 1998, The tether experiment payload was intended to demonstrate deployment and survivability of a novel tether design as well as controlled libration maneuvers. On 16 January 1999 after deployment of only 22 m of tether, the advanced tether experiment was jettisoned from the spacecraft due to an out-of-limits condition sent by the experiment's tether angle sensor. The essential system design is reviewed, the available Eight data are presented, and likely causes of the failure are suggested. C1 USN, Res Lab, Control Syst Branch, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gates, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Control Syst Branch, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.2514/2.3655 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 400RP UT WOS:000166885700009 ER PT J AU Koracin, D Lewis, J Thompson, WT Dorman, CE Businger, JA AF Koracin, D Lewis, J Thompson, WT Dorman, CE Businger, JA TI Transition of stratus into fog along the California coast: Observations and modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MIXED-LAYER; STRATOCUMULUS; ENTRAINMENT; RADIATION; CLOUDS; AIR AB A case of fog formation along the California coast is examined with the aid of a one-dimensional, higher-order, turbulence-closure model in conjunction with a set of myriad observations. The event is characterized by persistent along-coast winds in the marine layer, and this pattern justifies a Lagrangian approach to the study. A slab of marine layer air is tracked from the waters near the California-Oregon border to the California bight over a 2-day period. Observations indicate that the marine layer is covered by stratus cloud and comes under the influence of large-scale subsidence and progressively increasing sea surface temperature along the southbound trajectory. It is hypothesized that cloud-top cooling and large-scale subsidence are paramount to the fog formation process. The one-dimensional model, evaluated with various observations along the Lagrangian path, is used to test the hypothesis. The principal findings of the study are 1) fog forms in response to relatively long preconditioning of the marine layer, 2) radiative cooling at the cloud top is the primary mechanism for cooling and mixing the cloud-topped marine layer, and 3) subsidence acts to strengthen the inversion above the cloud top and forces lowering of the cloud. Although the positive fluxes of sensible and latent heat at the air-sea interface are the factors that govern the onset of fog, sensitivity studies with the one-dimensional model indicate that these sensible and latent heat fluxes are of secondary importance as compared to subsidence and cloud-top cooling. Sensitivity tests also suggest that there is an optimal inversion strength favorable to fog formation and that the moisture conditions above the inversion influence fog evolution. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Koracin, D (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 13 BP 1714 EP 1731 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1714:TOSIFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450UK UT WOS:000169762400006 ER PT J AU Blumen, W Williams, RT AF Blumen, W Williams, RT TI Unbalanced frontogenesis. Part I: Zero potential vorticity SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CLOUD COVER; GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT; DENSITY GRADIENTS; UNITED-STATES; COLD-FRONT; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Unbalanced frontogenesis is studied in a two-dimensional, Boussinesq, rotating fluid that is constrained between two rigid, level surfaces. The potential vorticity is zero. The initial state is unbalanced because there is no motion and the potential temperature is given by the error function of x. An analytic solution is derived based on the neglect of the barotropic pressure gradient. The solution procedure uses momentum coordinates to obtain nonlinear solutions. When the initial Rossby number (Ro) is less than 1.435 the horizontal wind components display an inertial oscillation. During the first part of the inertial period (0 < ft < pi) the isentropes develop a tilt and frontogenesis occurs, while in the second part (pi < ft < 2 pi) the isentropes return to a vertical orientation and frontolysis brings the temperature gradient back to its original value at ft = 2 pi. For larger values of Ro a frontal discontinuity forms before ft = pi. The importance of the barotropic pressure gradient is determined in a scale collapse problem with a constant potential temperature and no rotation. In this case the inclusion of the barotropic pressure gradient increases the time before the discontinuity forms. Numerical solutions of the original problem with rotation show that the presence of the barotropic pressure gradient term increases the critical Rossby number from 1.435 to about 1.55. Otherwise the complete solutions are very similar to the analytic solutions, except that the isentropes are no longer straight and the vorticity shows evidence of strong vertical advection by a small-scale vertical jet. Further, shorter timescales are expected with unbalanced fronts as compared with balanced fronts. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Williams, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 15 BP 2180 EP 2195 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2180:UFPIZP>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 454ZU UT WOS:000170002300010 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Powell, JH Williams, RT Jeng, BF AF Peng, MS Powell, JH Williams, RT Jeng, BF TI Boundary layer effects on fronts over topography SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LANDFALLING COLD FRONTS; SURFACE FRICTION; COASTAL OROGRAPHY; FRONTOGENESIS AB A hydrostatic, primitive equation model with frontogenetical deformation forcing is used to study the effects of surface friction on fronts passing over a two-dimensional ridge. Surface friction is parameterized using a K-theory planetary boundary layer (BL) parameterization with implicitly defined diffusion coefficients, following Keyser and Anthes. Previous studies without surface friction, such as Williams et al., show that a cold front weakens on the upwind slope and intensifies on the lee slope. This is in part due to a superposition effect of mountain flow where colder temperatures exist over the crest and in part due to the divergence pattern caused by the basic flow over the mountain (divergence on the upwind slope and convergence on the lee slope). In Williams et al., the final intensity of a front after passing a symmetric mountain is the same as a front moving over flat land. For no-mountain simulations, the inclusion of the BL results in a more realistic frontal structure and the frontal intensity is weaker than for the frictionless front because weaker temperature gradients are created through vertical mixing. The same type of mixing acts to strengthen a cold front on the upwind slope and weaken it on the downwind slope. The divergence forcing is also frontogenetic on the upwind slope and frontolyic on the lee slope within the BL. The vertical mixing forcing is strongest near the top of BL and weaker within the BL due to weak temperature gradient within the BL. The divergent forcing is strongest within the BL and weak at the top. When BL effects are included, the final intensity of a front passing over a mountain is weaker than the front over flat topography. The translation of the front is slightly slower with the BL because of the overall reduced cross-frontal speed by surface friction. When moving over a mountain, a front with the BL has a more uniform speed than the frictionless front due to a more uniform flow within the BL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7532,7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 15 BP 2222 EP 2239 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2222:BLEOFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 454ZU UT WOS:000170002300013 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, P AF Jordan, PM Puri, P TI Thermal stresses in a spherical shell under three thermoelastic models SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY; INFINITE BODY; PULSE AB The problem of dynamic thermoelastic stresses in a spherical shell with fixed boundaries whose inner surface is subjected to a step jump in temperature is considered. The analysis is carried out in the uncoupled framework under the classical Lord and Shulman (1967) and Green and Lindsay (1972) formulations of thermoelasticity. Exact solutions for the temperature and displacement equations are obtained using the Laplace transform and eigenfunction expansion method, respectively. Of particular interest is the propagation and nature of discontinuities in the temperature, displacement, and stress fields that are possible under the two nonclassical theor ies. Exact expressions for the magnitudes of discontinuities in these quantities are also given, and shock waves are noted Numerical results are presented graphically along with a comparison of the three models. In addition, special and limiting cases of the physical parameters are investigated and the application of this research to fuel vessels used in rocket engine testing are noted. Lastly, a discussion concerning which of the three theories is the most physically acceptable is given, with the Lord and Shulman formulation emerging as the clear overall choice, and conclusions are stated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 EI 1521-074X J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD JAN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 47 EP 70 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 392EU UT WOS:000166398600003 ER PT J AU Wei, CY Zien, TF AF Wei, CY Zien, TF TI Integral calculations of melt-layer heat transfer in aerodynamic ablation SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-15, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut AB A theoretical analysis of a simple model for steady thermal ablation near the stagnation point of a blunt body in hypersonic flow is presented. The model consists of an inviscid flow downstream of the how shock, a hot air boundary layer, a melt layer of the molten ablative, and the ablating solid. The different regions are properly coupled by the boundary conditions on the interfaces. The analysis is based on the similarity formulation of the governing equations of motion, and numerical solutions are obtained for the air boundary layer and the melt layer with relative ease. A procedure is presented for implementing the coupling of various regions, including the numerical solutions for the boundary layer and the melt layer. Typical results of the application of the procedure are presented to illustrate the solutions of the complete ablation problem based on the model; the solutions cover a wide range of the values of various ablation parameters. These solutions are compared with the Karman-Pohlhausen integral solutions presented earlier to assess the accuracy and the merits of the simpler integral method for such aerodynamic ablation problems, some possible improvements on the integral method are suggested. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Syst Res & Technol, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wei, CY (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.2514/2.6586 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 396RX UT WOS:000166651300014 ER PT J AU Lee, YT Luo, L Bein, TW AF Lee, YT Luo, L Bein, TW TI Direct method for optimization of a centrifugal compressor vaneless diffuser SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY AB A Direct Method for Optimization (DMO) is developed for investigating pressure rise and energy loss in a vaneless diffuser of a generic compressor used in shipboard air-conditioning systems. The scheme uses Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) results and evaluates gradients of a predetermined objective function. The current Direct Method for Optimization differs from the popular Inverse Design Method in the process of obtaining final configurations and in the final configurations obtained. The Direct Method for Optimization achieves a final shape from maximizing/minimizing a nonlinear function, i.e., the objective function. Both gradient and nongradient Direct Methods for Optimization are compared with respect to accuracy and efficiency. The coupled DMO/RANS optimization code is benchmarked using a plane turbulent diffuser also investigated by Zhang et al. using an adjoint method. The benchmark indicates that ifa global optimum exists, the result should be independent of the methodologies or design parameters used. The DMO/RANS method is applied to redesign a three-dimensional centrifugal vaneless diffuser used in a modem generic compressor. The objective function is a composite function of the diffuser's pressure rise and total energy loss. The new optimum diffuser has a minimum width at a location far beyond the conventional diffuser pinch point. The new diffuser also provides an efficient section for pressure recovery, which takes place after the minimum width location. Test data for the new diffuser validate the current approach at the design condition. Furthermore, improved performance is also recorded experimentally at off-design conditions for the optimized diffuser. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Annapolis Detachment, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1115/1.1308571 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 403PF UT WOS:000167051100012 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, NA Rao, MV Mittereder, J Anderson, WT AF Papanicolaou, NA Rao, MV Mittereder, J Anderson, WT TI Reliable Ti/Al and Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts to n-type GaN formed by vacuum annealing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID BARRIER AB In this work, we investigated Ti/Al and Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact metallizations to n-GaN which were formed by a vacuum annealing method. Our effort was focused on minimizing the oxidation of the Al, which limits the performance of the Al-based contacts. We have also investigated the effect of the Ni/Au overlayers on the performance and morphological characteristics of the contacts. Vacuum annealing was found to require temperatures similar to those used in halogen lamp rapid thermal annealing for forming ohmic contacts on n-type GaN, but with minimal oxidation of the Al surface. It was found that the Ni/Au overlayer on the Ti/Al reduces the specific contact resistivity values slightly and at the same time causes an upward shift, by similar to 200 degreesC, in the contact formation temperature. For the Ti/Al and Ti/Al/Ni/Au on n-GaN doped at 1.1 x 10(18) cm(-3), a minimum specific contact resistivity of 1.2 x 10(-5) Omega cm(2) was achieved after 950 and 1100 degreesC anneals, respectively. Auger electron spectroscopic studies revealed that obtaining optimum ohmic contact resistance requires the penetration of Al through the Ti layer to reach the GaN surface in addition to N outdiffusing from the GaN surface and into the metal layers. Atomic force microscopy investigations indicated that the introduction of the Ni/Au overlayer on the Ti/Al had the effect of increasing the surface roughness after annealing. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM papanicolaou@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1116/1.1331291 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 404YL UT WOS:000167130200048 ER PT J AU Hobart, KD Thompson, PE Rommel, SL Dillon, TE Berger, PR Simons, DS Chi, PH AF Hobart, KD Thompson, PE Rommel, SL Dillon, TE Berger, PR Simons, DS Chi, PH TI "p-on-n" Si interband tunnel diode grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SEGREGATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RATIO AB Si interband tunnel diodes have been successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy and room temperature peak-to-valley current ratios of 1.7 have been achieved. The diodes consist of opposing n- and p-type delta -doped injectors separated by an intrinsic Si spacer. A ''p-on-n'' configuration was achieved for the first time using a novel low temperature growth technique that exploits the strong surface segregation behavior of Sb, the n-type dopant, to produce sharp delta-doped profiles adjacent to the intrinsic Si spacer. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 290 EP 293 DI 10.1116/1.1339011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 404YL UT WOS:000167130200053 ER PT J AU Elgar, S Guza, RT O'Reilly, WC Raubenheimer, B Herbers, THC AF Elgar, S Guza, RT O'Reilly, WC Raubenheimer, B Herbers, THC TI Wave energy and direction observed near a pier SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; PIT AB Alongshore gradients in wave energy and propagation direction were observed near a pier that extends 500 m from the Duck, N.C., shoreline to about 6-m water depth. When incident waves approached the beach obliquely, wave energy observed near the shoreline 200 m downwave of the pier was as much as 50% lower than observed 400 m downwave, and waves close to the pier were mon normally incident than those farther downwave. Alongshore gradients were much smaller 400 m offshore of the shoreline, upwave of the pier and with nearly normally incident waves, confirming that the gradients are associated with wave propagation under the pier. A spectral refraction model for waves propagating over the measured bathymetry, which includes a depression under the pier, accurately predicts the observations 400 m downwave of the pier, but overpredicts energy near the pier. Refraction model predictions that include partial absorption of wave energy by the pier pilings reproduce the observed alongshore gradients, suggesting that piling-induced dissipation may be important. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elgar, S (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 2 EP 6 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2001)127:1(2) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 385BT UT WOS:000165982300002 ER PT S AU Pique, A Swider-Lyons, KE Weir, DW Love, CT Modi, R AF Pique, A Swider-Lyons, KE Weir, DW Love, CT Modi, R BE Gower, MC Helvajian, H Sugioka, K Dubowski, JJ TI Laser direct writing of microbatteries for integrated power electronics SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing VI CY JAN 22-24, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE MAPLE direct write; laser transfer; pseudocapacitors; microbatteries; direct write of battery materials ID CIRCUIT ELEMENTS; SENSOR MATERIALS AB A novel laser-based process developed at the Naval Research Laboratory has been used to fabricate pseudocapacitors and microbatteries with tailored capacities for small electronic devices having size and/or weight restrictions. This process, called MAPLE DW (for matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct write) can deposit rugged mesoscale (1 gm to 10 mm) electronic components over any type of substrate. A pulsed laser operating at 355 rim is used to forward transfer material from a tape-cast ribbon to a suitable substrate to form a precision design. With MAPLE DW, customized mesoscale electronic components can be produced. eliminating the need for multiple fabrication techniques and surface-mounted components. Direct write processing is especially attractive for the fabrication of micro-power sources and systems. The versatility of laser processing allows battery designs to be easily modified. Batteries and/or pseudocapacitors can be integrated with power management electronics to deliver a wide range of power outputs. By building power sources directly on electronic components, the weight of the power sources is decreased as the electronic substrate becomes part of the battery packaging and the lengths of interconnects are shortened, reducing conductor losses. RuOxHy pseudocapacitors deposited with MAPLE DW show good storage capacities. Pads of hydrous RuO2 having dimensions of 2.2 mm x 1.0 mm x 30 mum have been deposited in a planar configuration on gold current collectors. Rechargeable Zn/MnO2 alkaline microbatteries comprising of MnO2, Zn, an ethyl cellulose separator barrier layer and a KOH electrolyte have also been fabricated by MAPLE DW. The resulting structures with dimensions of 1.5 turn x 1.5 mm x 60 mum represent the first demonstration of a multilayer microbattery made by MAPLE DW. The performance of these prototypes are shown and the potential impact of MAPLE DW for the fabrication of novel microbattery systems for integrated power applications are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3952-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4274 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1117/12.432524 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS74K UT WOS:000171040800035 ER PT S AU DeSandre, L Langston, P Pentony, J Marrs, D Ogloza, A AF DeSandre, L Langston, P Pentony, J Marrs, D Ogloza, A BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Characterization of turbulent atmospheric induced optical distortion by passive phase diversity techniques SO LASER WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Weapons Technology II CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE phase recovery; phase diversity; transport-of-intensity; atmospheric turbulence AB Optical fields propagating through the Earth's turbulent atmosphere are subject to time varying phase distortions, These phase distortions place severe limitations on electro-optical systems, such as imaging, tracking and vibrometry sensors. The generation of artificial beacons by laser backscatter (guide stars) for wavefront sensing may not be acceptable and natural beacons for wavefront sensing may not be available. Diversity techniques, however, allow passive wavefront measurement of the aberrated wavefront. This paper reports a phase diversity method based upon the transport-of-intensity equation for recovering phase from irradiance measurements. Digitized intensity data over a rectangular array of data is expanded into Zernike polynomials and a matrix method used to solve the transport-of-intensity equation. The phase diversity technique is evaluated in the pupil as well as the focal plane. Simulation and experimental data is provided. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP DeSandre, L (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4071-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4376 BP 161 EP 176 DI 10.1117/12.438175 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT16K UT WOS:000172147000017 ER PT J AU Ross, EV AF Ross, EV TI Extended theory of selective photothermolysis: A new recipe for hair cooking.? SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOLLICULAR STEM-CELLS; DERMAL PAPILLA CELLS; RUBY-LASER; ALEXANDRITE LASER; REMOVAL; FOLLICLES; GROWTH; DISTINCT; INVITRO; PULSES C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM evross@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 413 EP 415 DI 10.1002/lsm.1135 PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 504DY UT WOS:000172843100003 PM 11891729 ER PT J AU Anderson, RR AF Anderson, RR TI Ethical considerations concerning laser medicine - Response to "Letter to the Editor" SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Anderson, RR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 102 EP 102 DI 10.1002/lsm.1023 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 407UZ UT WOS:000167290300002 ER PT S AU Funk, EE Jemison, WD Herczfeld, PR AF Funk, EE Jemison, WD Herczfeld, PR GP IEEE IEEE TI Hybrid fiber/millimeter-wave wireless for broadband last mile access SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Funk, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 52 EP 53 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800026 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU GP IEEE IEEE TI Mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback laser with narrowed emission line and improved beam quality SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 78 EP 79 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800039 ER PT S AU Carruthers, TF Lou, JW AF Carruthers, TF Lou, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI High-speed optical time-division multiplexed line- to base-rate clock recovery with an electro-optic phase locked loop SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carruthers, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 157 EP 158 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800078 ER PT J AU Medicus, KM Davies, MA Dutterer, BS Evans, CJ Fielder, RS AF Medicus, KM Davies, MA Dutterer, BS Evans, CJ Fielder, RS TI Tool wear and surface finish in high speed milling of aluminum bronze SO MACHINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Aluminum bronze C95800 is used extensively for the manufacture of propellers because of its mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Typically these components are machined from large castings and then hand ground and polished. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of using high speed machining with tungsten carbide tooling to significantly reduce machining times and minimize or eliminate hand polishing/grinding. Tool wear rates for the high speed machining of aluminum bronze are assessed using three metrics: mean force, flank wear depth, and surface finish. Workpiece surface finish and tool flank wear depth are assessed using a new replica block technique. Wear rates in carbide tools remained low over a wide range of surface speeds such that material removal rates in aluminum bronze were increased more than tenfold over current machining practices. Our findings support the idea that high speed machining to produce fine surface finishes through ball end milling with very closely spaced tool paths will be cost effective. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD USA. RP Medicus, KM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-0344 J9 MACH SCI TECHNOL JI Mach. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 2 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1081/MST-100107846 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 494RE UT WOS:000172299000007 ER PT S AU Stroud, RM Carpenter, E Browning, VM Long, JW Swider, KE Rolison, DR AF Stroud, RM Carpenter, E Browning, VM Long, JW Swider, KE Rolison, DR BE Rzchowski, MS Kawasaki, M Millis, AJ VonMolnar, S Rajeswari, M TI Structure and magnetism of nanocrystalline K delta MnO2 SO MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnetoresistive Oxides and Related Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MANGANESE AB The structure and magnetic properties of sol-gel-synthesized, nanocrystalline KdeltaMnO2 were investigated. The nanoparticles were determined by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to be single-crystal rods of the cryptomelane phase of MnO2, with a typical particle size of 6 nm x 20 nm. The field and temperature dependence of the magnetization indicates superparamagnetic behavior, with a blocking temperature of 15K. The dependence of the magnetic properties on particle size, surface layers and mixed valency is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-510-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 602 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BS97U UT WOS:000171563600040 ER PT J AU Saleh, MA Helmy, I Giegengack, R AF Saleh, MA Helmy, I Giegengack, R TI The cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1776) in Egypt (Felidae, Acinonychinae) SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE Acinonyx; cheetah; Egypt; distribution; status AB Field survey of known and potential cheetah habitats in the northern sector of the Egyptian Western Desert was carried out to collect data on the present distribution and status of that animal in Egypt. Data were also gathered on the ecological characteristics of present cheetah habitats and the status of known and potential cheetah prey species in the area. Impacts of human activities on the cheetah, and on its preys and habitats were also investigated. The results show that the cheetah has disappeared from most of its former range in the northern part of the Egyptian Western Desert. Its entire population has been reduced to what appears to be few individuals confined to a highly inaccessible area in the northern and western parts of the Qattara Depression. These individuals appear to be essentially nomadic, roaming over a vast area of the desert in search of prey. Habitats presently occupied by the cheetah in Egypt include uninhabited oasis depressions within the Qattara Depression. Large groves of Acacia raddiana west and southwest of these habitats appear to be regularly visited by cheetahs. The survey also showed that gazelles, which constitute an important cheetah prey item, have been largely exterminated throughout the study area as a result of uncontrolled illegal hunting, with the exception of a small population which still survives in the western part of the Qattara Depression. Cape hare and several rodent species are numerous throughout present cheetah habitats, and may constitute the main cheetah prey in that area. We compare morphological characters of cheetahs of the Egyptian Western Desert to those of cheetahs from different parts of the world range of A. jubatus. Stringent conservation measures are needed to save this rare and possibly unique population of the cheetah. C1 Al Azhar Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Zool Branch, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Saleh, MA (reprint author), Al Azhar Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Cairo, Egypt. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE PI PARIS PA SERVICE PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES, 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0025-1461 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 177 EP 193 DI 10.1515/mamm.2001.65.2.177 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 450JV UT WOS:000169739700007 ER PT J AU Duggins, D Eckman, JE Siddon, CE Klinger, T AF Duggins, D Eckman, JE Siddon, CE Klinger, T TI Interactive roles of mesograzers and current flow in survival of kelps SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE kelp; nereocystis; hydrodynamics; population dynamics; Lacuna ID INTER-TIDAL COMMUNITY; GIANT-KELP; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; NEREOCYSTIS-LUETKEANA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PREDATION INTENSITY; WAVE ACTION; PHAEOPHYTA; MORTALITY; ECOLOGY AB The relationship between hydrodynamic energy and biological processes is examined for a kelp-dominated marine community,in the San Juan Archipelago. Populations of a common and widely distributed kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, were established and rates and causes of mortality followed at 7 sites differing greatly in tidally, driven current velocities and wave exposure (measured by permanently deployed instrument packages). Mortality of N luetkeana was not related to storm energy, but exhibited a significant non-linear relationship with tidal current energy such that mortality rates were highest at sites exhibiting protracted periods of calm punctuated by episodes of strong currents. The role of mesograzers (primarily the gastropod Lacuna vincta) on survivorship in these kelp populations was evaluated in the field and in laboratory flume experiments. The relationship between grazer damage and stipe breaking force was investigated by measuring the tensile forces required to break experimentally damaged stipes. Although undamaged stipes can easily withstand the tensile forces imposed by even the strongest current and wave exposures, a very small amount of damage will have highly significant negative effects on breaking strength. While apparently responsible for a significant portion of N. luetkeana mortality in low and variable energy environments, L. vincta is unable to persist on kelp stipes in high-energy environments and its role there is trivial, The relationship between L. vincta grazing and hydrodynamic energy is however nonlinear, because water movement has opposite effects on grazer foraging behavior and the drag forces imposed on kelps, and this results in a complex relationship between hydrodynamic energy and kelp survival. We suggest a conceptual model for relating kelp survival to grazing intensity in hydro-dynamically variable environments. The model leads to the prediction, exhibited in our field results, that the probability of plant mortality may be maximized in regions of intermediate flow energy. C1 Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Duggins, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, 620 Univ Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. EM dduggins@u.washington.edu NR 31 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2001 VL 223 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.3354/meps223143 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 512XK UT WOS:000173348700013 ER PT J AU Crane, K Doss, H Vogt, P Sundvor, E Cherkashov, G Poroshina, I Joseph, D AF Crane, K Doss, H Vogt, P Sundvor, E Cherkashov, G Poroshina, I Joseph, D TI The role of the Spitsbergen shear zone in determining morphology, segmentation and evolution of the Knipovich Ridge SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; OVERLAPPING SPREADING CENTERS; NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; WESTERN SVALBARD MARGIN; POLARITY TIME SCALE; FRACTURE-ZONES; RED-SEA; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AB In 1989-1990 the SeaMARC II side-looking sonar and swath bathymetric system imaged more than 80 000 km(2) of the seafloor in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and southern Arctic Ocean. One of our main goals was to investigate the morphotectonic evolution of the ultra-slow spreading Knipovich Ridge from its oblique (115 degrees ) intersection with the Mohns Ridge in the south to its boundary with the Molloy Transform Fault in the north, and to determine whether or not the ancient Spitsbergen Shear Zone continued to play any involvement in the rise axis evolution and segmentation. Structural evidence for ongoing northward rift propagation of the Mohns Ridge into the ancient Spitsbergen Shear Zone (forming the Knipovich Ridge in the process) includes ancient deactivated and migrated transforms, subtle V-shaped-oriented flank faults which have their apex at the present day Molloy Transform, and rift related faults that extend north of the present Molloy Transform Fault. The Knipovich Ridge is segmented into distinct elongate basins; the bathymetric inverse of the very-slow spreading Reykjanes Ridge to the south. Three major fault directions are detected: the N-S oriented rift walls, the highly oblique en-echelon faults, which reside in the rift valley, and the structures, defining the orientation of many of the axial highs, which are oblique to both the rift walls and the faults in the axial rift valley. The segmentation of this slow spreading center is dominated by quasi stationary, focused magma centers creating (axial highs) located between long oblique rift basins. Present day segment discontinuities on the Knipovich Ridge are aligned along highly oblique, probably strike-slip faults, which could have been created in response to rotating shear couples within zones of transtension across the multiple faults of the Spitsbergen Shear Zone. Fault interaction between major strike slip shears may have lead to the formation of en-echelon pull apart basins. The curved stress trajectories create arcuate faults and subsiding elongate basins while focusing most of the volcanism through the boundary faults. As a result, the Knipovich Ridge is characterized by Underlapping magma centers, with long oblique rifts. This style of basin-dominated segmentation probably evolved in a simple shear detachment fault environment which led to the extreme morphotectonic and geophysical asymmetries across the rise axis. The influence of the Spitsbergen Shear Zone on the evolution of the Knipovich Ridge is the primary reason that the segment discontinuities are predominantly volcanic. Fault orientation data suggest that different extension directions along the Knipovich Ridge and Mohns Ridge (280 degrees vs. 330 degrees, respectively) cause the crust on the western side of the intersection of these two ridges to buckle and uplift via compression as is evidenced by the uplifted western wall province and the large 60 mGal free air gravity anomalies in this area. In addition, the structural data suggest that the northwards propagation of the spreading center is ongoing and that a `normal' pure shear spreading regime has not evolved along this ridge. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Solid Earth Phys, Bergen, Norway. VNIIOkeangeologia, St Petersburg, Russia. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Crane, K (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 92 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 153 EP 205 DI 10.1023/A:1012288309435 PG 53 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 479JV UT WOS:000171402000002 ER PT J AU Crane, K Galasso, J Brown, C Cherkashov, G Ivanov, G Petrova, V Vanstayan, B AF Crane, K Galasso, J Brown, C Cherkashov, G Ivanov, G Petrova, V Vanstayan, B TI Northern Ocean inventories of organochlorine and heavy metal contamination SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID TRACE-METALS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; ECOSYSTEM CONTAMINATION; EARLY DIAGENESIS; ST-LAWRENCE; SEDIMENTS; SEA; ACCUMULATION; POLLUTION; GREENLAND C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. USN, Res Lab, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. VNIIOKeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM kcrane@tidalwave.net RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 205 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN-JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-6 BP 28 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00084-4 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 478JL UT WOS:000171343200004 PM 11601533 ER PT J AU Paluszkiewicz, T Hilber, LF Richmond, MC Bradley, DJ Thomas, SA AF Paluszkiewicz, T Hilber, LF Richmond, MC Bradley, DJ Thomas, SA TI Modeling the potential radionuclide transport by the Ob and Yenisey Rivers to the Kara Sea SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Russian Arctic; radionuclides; Ob; Yenisey Rivers; models AB A major portion of the former Soviet Union (FSU) nuclear program is located in the West Siberian Basin. Among the many nuclear facilities are three production reactors and the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing sites, Mayak, Tomsk-7, and Krasnoyarsk-26, which together are probably responsible for the majority of the radioactive contamination found in the Ob and Yenisey River systems that feed into the Arctic Ocean through the Kara Sea. This manuscript describes ongoing research to estimate radionuclide fluxes to the Kara Sea from these river systems. Our approach is to apply a hierarchy of simple models that use existing and forthcoming data to quantify the transport and fate of radionuclide contaminants via various environmental pathways. We present an initial quantification of the contaminant inventory, hydrology, meteorology, and sedimentology of the Ob River system and preliminary conclusions from portions of the Ob River model. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 433 Modeling,Room 428-3,Ballston Towers 1,800 N Q, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM paluszt@onr.navy.mil; lyle.hibler@pnl.gov; marshall.richmond@pnl.gov; don.bradley@pnl.gov; sa.thomas@pnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN-JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-6 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00231-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 478JL UT WOS:000171343200010 PM 11601529 ER PT B AU Pande, CS AF Pande, CS BE Ray, RK Murthy, VSR Batra, NK Padmanabhan, KA Ranganathan, S TI Material aspects of high and low T-C superconductors SO MATERIALS FOR THE THIRD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Materials for the 3rd Millennium CY NOV 13, 1999 CL INDIAN INST TECHNOL, KANPUR, INDIA HO INDIAN INST TECHNOL ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; FILMS; TAPES; MICROSTRUCTURE; YBA2CU3O7; VORTICES; BI-2223; MODEL AB The U.S. Navy has been developing superconducting homopolar motors for ship propulsion since 1969, initially using conventional NbTi superconducting material for the magnets. With the advent of high critical temperature (high T-c) superconductors, NbTi has been replaced by bismuth-strontium-calcium-copper-oxide (BSCCO). Motor performance depends critically on the properties of the superconducting material in terms of the magnitude of the current density and its stability with time. Flux creep is a major concern in these materials, since it limits high T-c superconductor performance at temperatures above about 30 K. These properties are strongly influenced by the high T-c superconductor microstructure. The level of current transport in a given high T-c superconductor depends upon several intrinsic microstructure-property relationships. In the typical orthorhombic crystal structure, superconducting current flows primarily in the a-b planes. In polycrystalline materials, superconducting current drops off as grain boundary misorientation increases. High current densities in polycrystalline materials have usually been linked to strong c-axis alignment where current is expected to flow through those grains connected by low angle boundaries. When a magnetic field is applied, the flux vortices may shift due to the force from the current or to thermal activation, resulting in a loss of superconducting properties known as flux creep. Flux vortices may be pinned by microstructural defects such as grain boundaries or dislocations, if present in sufficient quantities, hence the importance of microstructure. The present review deals with the material aspect of superconductivity, specifically the role played by microstructure in determining superconducting properties. Examples from both the low and high T-c materials will be cited and future trends discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-199-8 PY 2001 BP 75 EP 96 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU61L UT WOS:000176511200005 ER PT B AU McCarron, RM Bertrand, N Chen, Y Siren, AL Spatz, M AF McCarron, RM Bertrand, N Chen, Y Siren, AL Spatz, M BE Bazan, NG Ito, U Marcheselli, VL Kuroiwa, T Klatzo, I TI Distinct ischemic effects on HSC70, HSP72, and C-fos expression in young and adult gerbils SO MATURATION PHENOMENON IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IV: APOPTOSIS AND/OR NECROSIS, NEURONAL RECOVERY VS. DEATH, AND PROTECTION AGAINST INFARCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; NEONATAL RAT-BRAIN; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; MESSENGER-RNA; STRESS PROTEINS; HIPPOCAMPUS; INDUCTION; TRANSLATION AB Young animals were previously shown to be more resistant to ischemia than were adult animals. This difference was attributed to maturation/function of gonads and/or neurons. This study evaluated the existence of age-related changes in transcriptional expression of HSC70, HSP72 and c-fos mRNA in transient global ischemia, and their possible relationship to neuronal cell survival in CA1 hippocampus. The results indicated that ischemic response in young animals compared with that in adult animals showed: (1) more rapid and/or prolonged expression of HSC70, HSP72, and c-fos mRNAs; (2) a marked induction of HSP72 protein; and (3) enhanced pyramidal cell survival. The observed endogenous 'tolerance' of CA1 neurons in young gerbils to ischemia/reperfusion injury may be related to the expression of HSC70, HSP72 and c-fos. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP McCarron, RM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41107-0 PY 2001 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Neurosciences SC Cell Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BS19J UT WOS:000169016500005 ER PT J AU Cheung, KKW AF Cheung, KKW TI Ensemble forecasting of tropical cyclone motion: comparison between regional bred modes and random perturbations SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAROTROPIC MODEL AB Random perturbations (RPs) and a modified version for breeding of growing modes are used with a regional baroclinic mesoscale model to perform ensemble forecasting of tropical cyclone motion. Based on a sample of six cases, similar conclusions are found as in previous barotropic modeling studies. Even after introducing a larger spatial correlation into the RPs using a multi-quadric analysis scheme, the skill of this ensemble mean track prediction is almost always lower than that of the control forecast in the cases considered. The track prediction performance of the ensemble using regional bred modes (RBMs) as perturbations has a higher average skill. At nearly all forecast intervals except less than 24 h when the initial position error still dominates, the ensemble mean tracks in all six cases are improved over the control forecast. In the 6 h-24 h range, the success rate (ratio of the cases with a forecast improvement to the total number of cases) has a value of 10/24. In the 30h-48h range, the success rate increases to 20/24, but drops to 18/24 in the 54h-72h range. A relative skill score (RSS) is used to compare the skills of the two perturbation methodologies. It is found that the average RSSs of using RBMs are significantly higher than the corresponding ones of RPs at the 99% confidence level in all three 24-h periods. Note that the above conclusion is only based on ensemble mean forecasts. All of the possibilities from an ensemble-based probabilistic track distribution are not explored in this paper. The ensemble spreads in these RBM ensembles are large enough to include the verifying tracks in all the cases considered. It is also found that the ensemble spread is we correlated with the average error in an ensemble when using RBMs, but not with the ensemble mean forecast error in both methodologies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 2001 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s007030170003 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 476VY UT WOS:000171250500003 ER PT J AU Nelson, RA McCarthy, DD Malys, S Levine, J Guinot, B Fliegel, HF Beard, RL Bartholomew, TR AF Nelson, RA McCarthy, DD Malys, S Levine, J Guinot, B Fliegel, HF Beard, RL Bartholomew, TR TI The leap second: its history and possible future SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; TIME SCALES; ROTATION; DEFINITION; EARTH AB This paper reviews the theoretical motivation for the leap second in the context of the historical evolution of time measurement. The periodic insertion of a leap second step into the scale of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) necessitates frequent changes in complex timekeeping systems and is currently the subject of discussion in working group of various international scientific organizations. UTC is an atomic time scale that agrees in rate with International Atomic Time (TAI), but differs by an integral number of seconds, and is the basis of civil time. In contrast, Universal Time (UT1) is an astronomical time scale defined by the Earth's rotation and is used in celestial navigation. UTC is presently maintained to within 0.9 s of UTI. As the needs of celestial navigation that depend on UTI can now be met by satellite systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), options for revising the definition of UTC and the possible role of leap seconds in the future are considered. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Imagery & Mapping Agcy, Res Tech Off, Bethesda, MD 20816 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Observ Paris, Dept Astron Fondamentale, F-75014 Paris, France. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Litton TASC Inc, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. Satellite Engn Res Corp, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Nelson, RA (reprint author), Satellite Engn Res Corp, 7701 Woodmont Ave,Suite 208, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 142 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 509 EP 529 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/38/6/6 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 531QA UT WOS:000174425700005 ER PT S AU Eidmann, G Offermann, D Jarisch, M Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Schmidlin, FJ AF Eidmann, G Offermann, D Jarisch, M Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Schmidlin, FJ BE Riese, M Spang, R Swenson, GR Espy, PJ TI Horizontal temperature variability in the stratosphere: Global variations inferred from CRISTA data SO MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C2 3/A1 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission C held at 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 16-23, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Deutsch Zentrum Luft Raumfahrt E U, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Stratospher Process & Their Role Climate, Comm Space Res ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; TELESCOPES AB In two separate orbital campaigns (November, 1994 and August, 1997), the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) instrument acquired global stratospheric data of high accuracy and high spatial resolution. The standard limb-scanned CRISTA measurements resolved atmospheric spatial structures with vertical dimensions greater than or equal to 1.5-2 km and horizontal dimensions greater than or equal to 100-200 km. A fluctuation analysis of horizontal temperature distributions derived from these data is presented. This method is somewhat complementary to conventional power-spectral analysis techniques. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Sci Branch, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Eidmann, G (reprint author), Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gauss Str 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RI Spang, Reinhold/A-2738-2013; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1641 EP 1646 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00229-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT13W UT WOS:000172045800004 ER PT S AU Preusse, P Eidmann, G Eckermann, SD Schaeler, B Spang, R Offermann, D AF Preusse, P Eidmann, G Eckermann, SD Schaeler, B Spang, R Offermann, D BE Riese, M Spang, R Swenson, GR Espy, PJ TI Indications of convectively generated gravity waves in CRISTA temperatures SO MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C2 3/A1 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission C held at 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 16-23, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Deutsch Zentrum Luft Raumfahrt E U, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Stratospher Process & Their Role Climate, Comm Space Res ID STRATOSPHERE AB During shuttle missions STS-66 (November, 1994) and STS-85 (August, 1997) the CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) acquired temperature data and mixing ratios of, among other trace gases, tropospheric water vapor with very high spatial resolution. Vertical profiles of temperature are analyzed for gravity waves (GW). Enhanced GW activity is found at the equator and in the northern hemispheric subtropics. The patterns of high GW excitation resemble regions of upward tropopause displacement, indicated by high water vapor mixing ratio, suggesting that the waves are generated by deep convection. The observed GWs have non-zero phase speeds with respect to the ground. The horizontal wavelengths of the waves are discussed in conjunction with the wave source. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Preusse, P (reprint author), Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gauss Str 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RI Spang, Reinhold/A-2738-2013; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1653 EP 1658 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00231-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT13W UT WOS:000172045800006 ER PT S AU Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Oberheide, J Hagan, ME Offermann, D AF Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Oberheide, J Hagan, ME Offermann, D BE Riese, M Spang, R Swenson, GR Espy, PJ TI Modulation of gravity waves by tides as seen in CRISTA temperatures SO MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C2 3/A1 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission C held at 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 16-23, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Deutsch Zentrum Luft Raumfahrt E U, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Stratospher Process & Their Role Climate, Comm Space Res ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; DIURNAL TIDE; VARIABILITY; TELESCOPES; INVERSION; VARIANCE; BREAKING AB During shuttle missions STS-66 (November, 1994) and STS-85 (August, 1997) the CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) acquired temperature data with very high spatial resolution. These are analyzed for gravity waves (GW). The altitude range spans the whole middle atmosphere from the tropopause up to the mesopause. In the upper mesosphere tidal amplitudes exceed values of 10 K. Modulation of GW activity by the tides is observed and analyzed using CRISTA temperatures and tidal predictions of the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM). The modulation process is identified as a tidally-induced change of the background buoyancy frequency. The findings agree well with the expectations for saturated GW and are the first global scale observations of this process. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Preusse, P (reprint author), Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gauss Str 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RI Hagan, Maura/C-7200-2008; Oberheide, Jens/C-6156-2011; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Hagan, Maura/0000-0002-8866-7429; Oberheide, Jens/0000-0001-6721-2540; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1773 EP 1778 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00336-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT13W UT WOS:000172045800023 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Lall, R Holmes, EK Huwe, JM Nordlund, MD AF Johnson, WB Lall, R Holmes, EK Huwe, JM Nordlund, MD TI Mentoring experiences among navy midshipmen SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CAREER-DEVELOPMENT; MENTORSHIP; PROTEGES; WOMEN AB Previous research suggests that mentor relationships are facilitative of career success, career satisfaction, and retention in organizations. Yet, little research has been done to explore the prevalence or function of mentor relationships in military populations. In this study, preliminary data were collected regarding the prevalence of mentor relationship experiences among 576 third year midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy. Only 40% of respondents had ever experienced a mentor relationship. Most mentors were senior military personnel, and 87% were male. Most relationships were mutually initiated, and they tended to last for several years. Although both career and psychosocial mentor functions were present in these relationships, psychosocial functions were most notable and most highly correlated with positive appraisals of mentor relationships. Midshipmen viewed mentoring as extremely important and rated their own mentor relationships as extremely positive. Implications for further research on mentoring are discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 392ME UT WOS:000166414300007 PM 11197092 ER PT J AU Summer, GM AF Summer, GM TI Gender differences in the utilization of a military ship's medical department SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Civilian studies show roughly a three-fold higher use of medical resources by females of childbearing age than males. Significantly higher use of medical services by females would be important information when staffing and supplying U.S. Navy ships to accommodate female crew members. In this light, visits to the medical department on a ship with a mixed-gender crew were reviewed for a g-month period. Total visits were counted by gender, and female visits were categorized. Females were seen at a rate 9.2 times that of males (6.44 vs. 0.70 visits per year). Gender-specific problems accounted for a minority of female visits (39%), whereas gender-neutral problems yielded a female-to-male visit ratio of nearly 6:1, At this rate, the work load of a ship's medical department will increase substantially when integrating women into an all-male crew. C1 USN, Ctr Ambulatory Care, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Summer, GM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Ambulatory Care, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 392ME UT WOS:000166414300008 PM 11197093 ER PT J AU Babkoff, H Kelly, TL Naitoh, P AF Babkoff, H Kelly, TL Naitoh, P TI Trial-to-trial variance in choice reaction time as a measure of the effect of stimulants during sleep deprivation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; PEMOLINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; RHYTHM; TASK; WORK AB Performance stability, as assessed by trial-to-trial variance in a choice reaction time (RT) task, was evaluated as a measure of stimulant effects on performance during sleep deprivation. Administration of methylphenidate, pemoline, and a placebo began 16 hr into a 64-hr sleep-deprivation protocol. Performance stability deteriorated significantly, especially during the circadian nadirs. In absolute terms, sleep deprivation increased trial-to-trial variance more than it increased the mean correct RT. In addition, this measure demonstrated differing effects of the 2 drug regimens. Pemoline, at a dose of 37.5 mg every 12 hr, significantly reduced the overall average effects of sleep loss on performance stability during the first 24 hr of drug administration. Pemoline also reduced circadian-related instability in performance throughout the study. Methylphenidate, at a dose of 10 mg every 6 hr, counteracted circadian-related instability in performance during the first 24-hr period of drug administration (16-40 hr of sleep deprivation) but not during the second 24-hr period (40-64 hr of sleep deprivation). Methylphenidate did not significantly affect the overall average effects of sleep loss on performance stability. Thus, trial-to-trial variance appears to be a valuable measure for elucidating stimulant effects during sleep deprivation. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ramat Gan, Israel. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Babkoff, H (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ramat Gan, Israel. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1301_01 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 425KK UT WOS:000168289600001 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL AF Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL TI The epidemiology of mental disorders in the US Navy: The psychoses SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOPHRENIA AB As the first in a series of studies examining the military course and outcome of hospitalization for a mental disorder, we provide a comprehensive overview of psychoses among active duty Navy enlisted personnel with a first hospitalization between 1980 and 1988. Patients' military service and medical histories were tracked through 1992 to provide at least 4 years of follow-up data. Incidence rates varied greatly over time and across gender, age, race, and diagnostic groups. A large increase in the rate of affective psychosis for women was in sharp contrast to marked declines in rates for drug psychoses, schizophrenia, and other nonorganic psychoses and to the relatively stable rates for alcohol psychoses and paranoid states. Psychoses had a very significant negative impact on naval careers. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1302_03 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 440MM UT WOS:000169179100003 ER PT J AU Talmadge, SA AF Talmadge, SA TI Possible false confession in a military court-martial: A case study SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCALE AB It is known and has been documented that people make false confessions. Confession evidence issues are complex, and in this article I intended to shed light on some of those issues by presenting a case study wherein a psychologist analyzes a defendant and his legal case. The evaluation in this case study included a clinical interview and an administration and interpretation of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III test (Millon, Davis, & Millon, 1997), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 test (Butcher, 1982), the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (Gudjonsson, 1984) and Compliance Scale (Gudjonsson, 1989), and the Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder, 1974). Results of the defendant's interrogation and his psychological testing profiles are presented, which suggest a situation that was not extremely coercive but in which a cooperative defendant may have confessed because of tacit pressure. In the end the accused was acquitted. Audiotaping or videotaping and more research on this subject are recommended. C1 USN, Med Serv Corps, Twentynine Palms, CA USA. RP Talmadge, SA (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Ctr, Twentynine Palms, CA 92278 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1304_4 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 493YD UT WOS:000172250300004 ER PT J AU Wrage, S AF Wrage, S TI East meets West: Human rights and democracy in East Asia SO MILLENNIUM-JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wrage, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLENNIUM PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA LONDON SCHOOL ECONOMICS HOUGHTON ST, LONDON WC2A 2AE, ENGLAND SN 0305-8298 J9 MILLENNIUM-J INT ST JI Millennium-J. Int. Stud. PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1177/03058298010300010203 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 448BZ UT WOS:000169608100010 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A TI Algorithms for energy-efficient multicasting in static ad hoc wireless networks SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multicasting; energy efficiency; ad hoc network AB In this paper we address the problem of multicasting in ad hoc wireless networks from the viewpoint of energy efficiency. We discuss the impact of the wireless medium on the multicasting problem and the fundamental trade-offs that arise. We propose and evaluate several algorithms for defining multicast trees for session (or connection-oriented) traffic when transceiver resources are limited. The algorithms select the relay nodes and the corresponding transmission power levels, and achieve different degrees of scalability and performance. We demonstrate that the incorporation of energy considerations into multicast algorithms can, indeed, result in improved energy efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1023/A:1011478717164 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 456JU UT WOS:000170080000005 ER PT B AU McNelley, TR Swisher, DL AF McNelley, TR Swisher, DL BE Lesuer, DR Srivatsan, TS TI Deformation banding and grain boundaries in aluminum and aluminum alloys SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modelling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials held at the 2001 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Informat Soc ID AL-MG ALLOY; REFINEMENT; EVOLUTION; MICROTEXTURE; SIZE AB Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) methods have been employed to assess microstructures developed by deformation processing of pure aluminum and selected aluminum alloys. Grain maps constructed from orientation data illustrate the presence of deformation bands in which the lattice orientation alternates between the symmetric variants of the main texture component. Various shear texture components are observed in pure aluminum following equi-channel angular pressing, depending on the processing route. The B texture component {<112>{110}) is prominent in Supral 2004 following the final cold rolling stage of thermomechanical processing intended to enable superplasticity, while a C texture component (<111>{112}) is present following similar processing of a superplastic Al-5%Ca-5%Zn alloy. In all of these cases the high-angle {50 degrees -62.8 degrees) boundaries in the microstructure evolve from the interfaces between the bands while the lower-angle (2 degrees -15 degrees) boundaries separate cells within the bands. Models of microstructural development that include deformation banding during cold working may be employed to describe both texture development and the origin of the grain boundaries. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-504-2 PY 2001 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT38V UT WOS:000172834800014 ER PT B AU Kilikauskas, ML Hall, DH AF Kilikauskas, ML Hall, DH BE Kerckhoffs, EJH Snorek, M TI Obstacles to success in VV&A efforts and how to overcome them SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 2001) CY JUN 06-09, 2001 CL CTU, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Soc Comp Simulat Int, ASIM, Arbeitsgemeinsch Simulat HO CTU DE model acceptance; model credibility; model evaluation; verification; validation AB Many countries now have official policy requiring that models and simulations be accredited before use. Much has been written in the technical literature about verification and validation techniques and about processes for conducting accreditation assessments, but relatively little has been written in the area of guidance for successful execution. The experience that the Joint Accreditation Support Activity (JASA) has acquired in ten years of applying VV&A policy and principles suggests that the biggest obstacles to successful completion of VV&A efforts are neither flawed policy nor immature technique. The thorniest problems lurk in execution. This paper discusses the key execution issues we've encountered and offers lessons teamed on either avoiding the problems or dealing with them when they occur. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Div 418100D, Joint Accreditat Support Act, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kilikauskas, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Div 418100D, Joint Accreditat Support Act, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-225-3 PY 2001 BP 134 EP 138 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT15C UT WOS:000172097600023 ER PT B AU McCarron, RM Sieckmann, DG Yu, EZ Frerichs, K Hallenbeck, JM AF McCarron, RM Sieckmann, DG Yu, EZ Frerichs, K Hallenbeck, JM BE Storey, KB TI Hibernation, a state of natural tolerance to profound reduction in organ blood flow and oxygen delivery capacity SO MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF METABOLIC ARREST: LIFE IN LIMBO SE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Experimental-Biology CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Soc Exptl Biol ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; 2-IODOMELATONIN BINDING-SITES; IN-GROUND SQUIRRELS; GUINEA-PIG ILEUM; MELATONIN RECEPTORS; MAMMALIAN HIBERNATION; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI; INDUCED CONTRACTILITY; LIVER-MITOCHONDRIA; CITELLUS-UNDULATUS C1 USN, Resuscitat Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McCarron, RM (reprint author), USN, Resuscitat Med Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 97 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOS SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI OXFORD PA 9 NEWTEC PLACE MAGDALEN ROAD, OXFORD OX4 1RE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 1-85996-212-2 J9 EXPTL BIOL REV PY 2001 BP 23 EP 42 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Zoology GA BT37A UT WOS:000172809100002 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Chen, XS Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Chen, XS Fan, CW TI Comparison between wavenumber truncation and horizontal diffusion methods in spectral models SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB Commonly used horizontal diffusion and wavenumber truncation dealiasing methods in spectral models are verified using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model version 3. For the same horizontal grid resolution, time step, physical processes, boundary conditions, and initial conditions, the simulated climate, using the horizontal diffusion alone model, is better than that using the wavenumber truncation method. In comparison with the observed climate data, the global root-mean-square of simulated January monthly mean 500-hPa geopotential using the horizontal diffusion alone model is 25% less than that using the wavenumber truncation model. However, for the same spectral resolution, the wavenumber truncation model (high horizontal grid resolution) leads to more accurate solutions than the horizontal diffusion model (low horizontal grid resolution). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0152:CBWTAH>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393MZ UT WOS:000166475400009 ER PT J AU Haack, T Burk, SD Dorman, C Rogers, D AF Haack, T Burk, SD Dorman, C Rogers, D TI Supercritical flow interaction within the Cape Blanco-Cape Mendocino Orographic Complex SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OCEAN DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MESOSCALE; MODEL; COAST; JET; CLOUDS; FLUID; WAVES AB Supercritical flow interaction occurring in the marine boundary layer between closely spaced coastal capes is investigated with a mesoscale numerical prediction model. As an extension of previous work, the U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is used to perform idealized model simulations with marine layers of varying upstream Froude number to elucidate the different flow responses for a single convex bend. The impact upon the supercritical flow of introducing a series of closely spaced coastal bends is then investigated. The expansion fan is significantly reduced in magnitude and size by the formation of a compression wave at a blocking, concave bend approximately 150 km downstream. Building upon the idealized marine layer response, real-data forecasts are then examined for several time periods of supercritical flow interaction between Cape Blanco, Oregon, and Cape Mendocino, California. Observations from the Coastal Waves 1996 (CW96) field program were collected in the vicinity of these capes on several days during June-July of 1996. Aircraft measurements on three CW96 flights provide model validation and show ample evidence of supercritical phenomena, while buoy data along the Oregon and California coastline indicate substantial diurnal variability in the marine environment. GOES-9 satellite imagery reveals preferred regions of clearing in the coastal stratus deck downwind of convex coastal bends, which is consistent with supercritical expansion fan dynamics. Real-data COAMPS forecasts of summertime marine layer flow between these major capes indicate that the supercritical flow features, and their degree of interaction, vary diurnally. Diurnal oscillations in the upstream Froude number and flow direction driven by the sea-land-breeze circulation enhance or diminish the expansion fan in the lee of Cape Blanco, thereby altering the flow conditions encountering the concave turn at Cape Mendocino. In a manner similar to that produced in the idealized simulations, a compression jump forms due to the impact of highly supercritical flow within the Cape Blanco expansion fan upon the Cape Mendocino terrain. The compression wave becomes detached and propagates northward during the afternoon in response to a reduction in upstream Froude number. This propagating compression wave occurred in all three days of the study. The findings presented here demonstrate that supercritical flow responses about several closely spaced coastal bends cannot be analyzed independently. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Haack, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM haack@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 4 BP 688 EP 708 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0688:SFIWTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424VD UT WOS:000168253900006 ER PT J AU Daley, R Barker, E AF Daley, R Barker, E TI NAVDAS: Formulation and diagnostics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION ANALYSIS SYSTEM; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; MODEL AB The Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) is a three-dimensional variational data assimilation suite for generating atmospheric state estimates to satisfy a variety of navy needs. These needs range from global initial conditions for navy global prediction models to environmental input into forward-deployed shipboard tactical decision aids. In common with many other U.S. Navy applications, the NAVDAS system has been designed to be robust, flexible, and portable. In particular, it can perform central site global assimilation on massively parallel machines as well as local data assimilation on workstations with the same code. NAVDAS is an observation space algorithm. The preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used as the descent algorithm to minimize the three-dimensional cost function. The number of iterations required to reach convergence is minimized through the use of dual block diagonal preconditioners with Choleski decomposition. Vertical eigenvector decomposition of the background error covariance matrix leads to great generality in formulating nonseparable error covariances as well as enormous efficiencies in handling vertical profile and sounding observations. Forward operators are formulated and used for the direct assimilation of Television Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder radiances and Special Sensor Microwave Imager wind speeds and total precipitable water. NAVDAS also contains a complete diagnostic suite, which includes complete observation trackability, Web-based observation monitoring, chi (2) monitoring of innovations, the adjoint of the assimilation system, and analysis error estimation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Daley, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 4 BP 869 EP 883 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0869:NFAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424VD UT WOS:000168253900016 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Bond, NA AF Doyle, JD Bond, NA TI Research aircraft observations and numerical simulations of a warm front approaching Vancouver Island SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; COASTAL OROGRAPHY; COLD-FRONT; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; MARINE CYCLONE; MESOSCALE; MODEL AB The mesoscale structure of the low-level flow and the character of the turbulence are investigated for a warm front as it approached the prominent terrain of the Pacific Northwest in the vicinity of Vancouver Island. Flight-level and airborne Doppler radar measurements collected from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 research aircraft on 9 December 1995 during the Coastal Observation and Simulation with Topography experiment and high-resolution numerical simulations, performed with the Naval Research Laboratory's nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model, have been used to document the warm front as it approached the coast and the structure of cool air trapped along Vancouver Island. This air mass was capped by a flat, thin transition zone of enhanced static stability and vertical wind shear. The flow within the trapped air mass was oriented parallel to the terrain of Vancouver Island, but appears to have been more an outflow from the Strait of Juan de Fuca than a barrier jet. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the cold air that exited from the strait and the steep topography of Vancouver Island acted in concert to impede the northward movement of the front and steepen it near the surface. A wind speed maximum near the exit of the Strait of Juan de Fuca was consistent with transcritical expansion fan behavior. Both the observations from the gust probe system on the P-3, and output from COAMPS, indicate that the turbulent kinetic energy at low levels was relatively weak in the warm sector, moderate in the frontal zone, and strongest in the trapped flow near Vancouver Island. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 5 BP 978 EP 998 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0978:RAOANS>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 429HN UT WOS:000168510700004 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL AF Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL TI Simulations of the transformation stage of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MODEL; FLOW; REINTENSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE; HURRICANE; SYSTEMS AB The physical mechanisms associated with the transformation stage of the extratropical transition of a tropical cyclone are simulated with a mesoscale model using initial environmental conditions that approximate the mean circulations defined by Klein et al. The tropical cyclone structural changes simulated by the U.S. Navy Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model Prediction System mesoscale model during the three steps of transformation compare well with available observations. During step 1 of transformation when the tropical cyclone is just beginning to interact with the midlatitude baroclinic zone, the main environmental factor that affects the tropical cyclone structure appears to be the decreased sea surface temperature. The movement of the tropical cyclone over the lower sea surface temperatures results in reduced surface heat and moisture fluxes, which weakens the core convection and the intensity decreases. During step 2 of transformation, the low-level temperature gradient and vertical wind shear associated with the baroclinic zone begin to affect the tropical cyclone. Main structural changes include the development of cloud-free regions on the west side of the tropical cyclone, and an enhanced "delta'' rain region to the northwest of the tropical cyclone center. Gradual erosion of the clouds and deep convection in the west through south sectors of the tropical cyclone appear to be from mechanically forced subsidence due to the convergence between the midlatitude flow and the tropical cyclone circulation. Whereas the warm core aloft is advected downstream, the mid- to low-level warm core is enhanced by subsidence into the tropical cyclone center, which implies that the low-level cyclonic circulation may continue to be maintained. Step 3 of transformation is the logical conclusion of structural changes that were occurring during steps 1 and 2. Even though the tropical cyclone circulation aloft has dissipated, a broad cyclonic circulation is maintained below 500 mb. Although the low-level warm core is reduced from step 2, it is still significantly stronger than at step 1, and a second warm anomaly is simulated in a region of strong subsidence upshear of the tropical cyclone remnants. Whereas some precipitation is associated with the remnants of the northern eyewall and some cloudiness to the north-northeast, the southern semicircle is almost completely clear of clouds and precipitation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Ri,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ritchie@nps.navy.mil RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1462 EP 1480 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1462:SOTTSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 434FT UT WOS:000168805000009 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J AF Teixeira, J TI Cloud fraction and relative humidity in a prognostic cloud fraction scheme SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COVER AB The relationship between relative humidity and low cloud cover produced by a prognostic cloud fraction formulation is compared with observations. From a steady-state version of the prognostic cloud fraction equation, a diagnostic relation for cloud fraction can be derived for subtropical boundary layer clouds. The results are quite realistic when compared with observations illustrating the relevance of the coupling with parameterized convection. C1 European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 7 BP 1750 EP 1753 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1750:CFARHI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445AQ UT WOS:000169435300012 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Van Tuyl, A Barker, EH AF Xu, Q Wei, L Van Tuyl, A Barker, EH TI Estimation of three-dimensional error covariances. Part I: Analysis of height innovation vectors SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INTERPOLATION ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RANGE FORECAST ERRORS; STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; RADIOSONDE DATA AB The statistical analysis of innovation (observation minus forecast) vectors is one of the most commonly used techniques for estimating observation and forecast error covariances in large-scale data assimilation. Building on the work of Hollingsworth and Lonnberg, the height innovation data over North America from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are analyzed. The major products of the analysis include (i) observation error variances and vertical correlation functions, (ii) forecast error autocovariances as functions of height and horizontal distance, (iii) their spectra as functions of height and horizontal wavenumber. Applying a multilevel least squares fitting method, which is simpler and more rigorously constrained than that of Hollingsworth and Lonnberg, a full-space covariance function was determined. It was found that removal of the large-scale horizontal component, which has only small variation in the vertical, reduces the nonseparability. The results were compared with those of Hollingsworth and Lonnberg, and show a 20% overall reduction in forecast errors and a 10% overall reduction in observation errors for the NOGAPS data in comparison with the ECMWF global model data 16 yr ago. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 8 BP 2126 EP 2135 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2126:EOTDEC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 454XF UT WOS:000169996500020 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R AF Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R TI Remarks on Northern Hemisphere forecast error sensitivity from 1996 to 2000 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR VECTORS; IMPACT; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; FASTEX AB The sensitivity of 2-day Northern Hemisphere extratropical forecast errors to changes in initial conditions, computed daily over a 4-yr period, is documented. The sensitivity is computed using the (dry) adjoint of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System. This diagnostic enables an assessment of where initial errors have had the largest impact on forecast errors and allows for an examination of interannual variations in predictability. Both the forecast error and sensitivity exhibit a large seasonal cycle, with distinct maxima in winter. The monthly mean sensitivity maxima are correlated with regions of baroclinic instability and occur upstream from the forecast error maxima. Interannual variability is also apparent, and results show that the El Nino winter of 1997/98 was anomalously predictable. In contrast, the recent La Nina winters have been relatively unpredictable, especially during January 2000. These sensitivity calculations highlight the significant impact of middle-lower-tropospheric initial condition errors on forecast errors, particularly over the North Pacific. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 8 BP 2145 EP 2153 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2145:RONHFE>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 454XF UT WOS:000169996500022 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, TN Surendran, S Shin, DW Correa-Torres, RJ Kumar, TSVV Williford, E Kummerow, C Adler, RF Simpson, J Kakar, R Olson, WS Turk, FJ AF Krishnamurti, TN Surendran, S Shin, DW Correa-Torres, RJ Kumar, TSVV Williford, E Kummerow, C Adler, RF Simpson, J Kakar, R Olson, WS Turk, FJ TI Real-time multianalysis-multimodel superensemble forecasts of precipitation using TRMM and SSM/I products SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; PHYSICAL INITIALIZATION; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; DIABATIC INITIALIZATION; SEASONAL CLIMATE; RAINFALL; MODEL; MICROWAVE; TROPICS AB This paper addresses real-time precipitation forecasts from a multianalysis-multimodel superensemble. The methodology for the construction of the superensemble forecasts follows previous recent publications on this topic. This study includes forecasts from multimodels of a number of global operational centers. A multianalysis component based on the Florida State University (FSU) global spectral model that utilizes TRMM and SSM/I datasets and a number of rain-rate algorithms is also included. The difference in the analysis arises from the use of these rain rates within physical initialization that produces distinct differences among these components in the divergence, heating, moisture, and rain-rate descriptions. A total of 11 models, of which 5 represent global operational models and 6 represent multianalysis forecasts from the FSU model initialized by different rain-rate algorithms, are included in the multianalysis-multimodel system studied here. In this paper, "multimodel'' refers to different models whose forecasts are being assimilated for the construction of the superensemble. "Multianalysis'' refers to different initial analysis contributing to forecasts from the same model. The term superensemble is being used here to denote the bias-corrected forecasts based on the products derived from the multimodel and the multianalysis. The training period is covered by nearly 120 forecast experiments prior to 1 January 2000 for each of the multimodels. These are all 3-day forecasts. The statistical bias of the models is determined from multiple linear regression of these forecasts against a "best'' rainfall analysis field that is based on TRMM and SSM/I datasets and using the rain-rate algorithms recently developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This paper discusses the results of real-time rainfall forecasts based on this system. The main results of this study are that the multianalysis-multimodel superensemble has a much higher skill than the participating member models. The skill of this system is higher than those of the ensemble mean that assigns a weight of 1.0 to all including the poorer models and the ensemble mean of bias-removed individual models. The selective weights for the entire multianalysis-multimodel superensemble forecast system make it superior to individual models and the above mean representations. The skill of precipitation forecasts is addressed in several ways. The skill of the superensemble-based rain rates is shown to be higher than the following: (a) individual model's skills with and without physical initialization, (b) skill of the ensemble mean, and (c) skill of the ensemble mean of individually bias-removed models. The equitable-threat scores at many thresholds of rain are also examined for the various models and noted that for days 1-3 of forecasts, the superensemble-based forecasts do have the highest skills. The training phase is a major component of the superensemble. Issues on optimizing the number of training days is addressed by examining training with days of high forecast skill versus training with low forecast skill, and training with the best available rain-rate datasets versus those from poor representations of rain. Finally the usefulness of superensemble forecasts of rain for providing possible guidance for flood events such as the one over Mozambique during February 2000 is shown. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Krishnamurti, TN (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Tallapragada, Vijaya Kumar/A-2421-2008; Surendran, Sajani/C-3339-2009 NR 45 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2001 VL 129 IS 12 BP 2861 EP 2883 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2861:RTMMSF>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 490HG UT WOS:000172045700002 ER PT J AU Norris, DJ Yao, N Charnock, FT Kennedy, TA AF Norris, DJ Yao, N Charnock, FT Kennedy, TA TI High-quality manganese-doped ZnSe nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; QUANTUM DOTS; ABSORPTION; COHERENCE; CD1-YMNYS; CRYSTALS; LIGHT; SPIN; SIZE AB We demonstrate high-quality, highly fluorescent, ZnSe colloidal nanocrystals (or quantum dots) that are doped with paramagnetic Mn2+ impurities. We present luminescence, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements to confirm that the Mn impurities are embedded inside the nanocrystal. Optical measurements show that by exciting the nanocrystal, efficient emission from Mn is obtained, with a quantum yield of 22% at 295 K and 75% below 50 K (relative to Stilbene 420). MCD spectra reveal an experimental Zeeman splitting in the first excited state that is large (28 meV at 2.5 T), depends on doping concentration, and saturates at modest fields. In the low field limit, the magnitude of the effective g factor is 430 times larger than in undoped nanocrystals. EPR experiments exhibit a six-line spectrum with a hyperfine splitting of 60.4 x 10(-4) cm(-1), consistent with Mn substituted at Zn sites in the cubic ZnSe lattice. C1 NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Norris, DJ (reprint author), NEC Res Inst, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Norris, David/F-4022-2010; Yao, Nan/H-2423-2011 NR 31 TC 556 Z9 564 U1 24 U2 212 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1021/nl005503h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519CU UT WOS:000173708000002 ER PT S AU Tran, PT Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H Anderson, GP Mauro, JM AF Tran, PT Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H Anderson, GP Mauro, JM BE Murphy, CJ TI Bioconjugates of luminescent CdSe-ZnS quantum dots with an engineered two-domain protein G for use in fluoro-immunoassays SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES: NOVEL REPORTERS WITH BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE semiconductor quantum dots; bioconjugates; immunoassay ID NANOCRYSTALS; BIOSENSOR AB Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) seem suitable for labeling certain biomolecules for use in fluorescent tagging applications, such as fluoro-immunoassays. Compared to organic dye labels, QDs are resistant to photo-degradation, and these luminescent nanoparticles have size-dependent emission spectra spanning a wide range of wavelengths in the visible and near IR. We previously described an electrostatic self-assembly approach for conjugating highly luminescent colloidal CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs with engineered two-domain recombinant proteins. Here we describe the application of this approach to prepare QD conjugates with the beta2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding domain of streptococcal protein G (PG) appended with a basic lucine zipper attachment domain (PG-zb). We also demonstrate that the QD/PG conjugates retain their ability to bind IgG antibodies, and that a specific antibody coupled to QD via the PG functional domain efficiently binds its antigen. These preliminary results indicate that electrostatically self-assembled QD/PG-zb/IgG bioconjugates can be used in fluoro-immunoassays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3936-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4258 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.430766 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT01V UT WOS:000171643300001 ER PT J AU Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ Andreadis, JD Shaffer, KM Stenger, DA Li, BS Zhang, L Barker, JL Maric, D AF Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ Andreadis, JD Shaffer, KM Stenger, DA Li, BS Zhang, L Barker, JL Maric, D TI Ethanol blocks cytosolic Ca2+ responses triggered by activation of GABA(A) receptor/Cl- channels in cultured proliferating rat neuroepithelial cells SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GABA(A) receptor; voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel; ethanol; proliferation; Ca2+ imaging; immunocytochemistry ID CORTICAL PROGENITOR CELLS; KINASE-C PHOSPHORYLATION; CALCIUM CHANNELS; IN-VITRO; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; GAMMA-1 SUBUNITS; A RECEPTORS; MODULATION; EXPRESSION; ALPHA-4 AB GABA(A) receptor/Cl- channels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are believed to be important sites of ethanol action in the CNS. Acute exposure of ethanol potentiates GABAA receptor/Cl- channel activity and inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in a number of preparations. mostly post-mitotic neurons. The effects of ethanol on these channels in primary cultures of undifferentiated neural precursor cells remain unknown. To address this issue, wr examined the effects of ethanol on GABAA agonist-activated elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in an in vitro model of the cortical neuroepithelium derived from rat basic fibroblast growth factor-expanded neural precursor cells. We found a potent inhibition of GABA(A)-activated elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ by ethanol in actively proliferating cells. Since we had recently demonstrated that GABAA receptor activation depolarizes these cells and elevates their cytosolic Ca2+, we tested whether the effects of ethanol involved both GABAA receptors and voltage-gated Ca'' channels. Both extracellular K-- and muscimol-induced cytosolic Ca2+ elevations were abolished by nitrendipine, indicating that both depolarizing stimuli triggered Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Exposure of proliferating cells to different concentrations of ethanol revealed that the drug was more potent in blocking muscimol-induced compared to K+-evoked cytosolic Ca2+ elevations. These results raise the possibility that ethanol blocks GABAergic stimulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in proliferating precursors primarily by interacting with GABA(A) receptoriC1 channels and secondarily with voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [7 R21 AA12237-02] NR 38 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2001 VL 104 IS 3 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00084-7 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 453TT UT WOS:000169933100028 PM 11440820 ER PT B AU Monet, DG Levine, SE AF Monet, DG Levine, SE BE Clowes, R Adamson, A Bromage, G TI PMM and the photographic sky surveys SO NEW ERA OF WIDE FIELD ASTRONOMY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the New Era of Wide Field Astronomy CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE, PRESTON, ENGLAND HO UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE AB The Precision Measuring Machine located at the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station has digitized and reduced more than 17,000 photographic plates taken for various sky surveys. These data are available in both catalog and pixel format from our web server, and form the basis for the USNO-A and -B catalogs. Despite their relatively low quality, these data can be used for a wide variety of investigations, and are particularly valuable when combined with modern data. C1 USN, Observ Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Monet, DG (reprint author), USN, Observ Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-065-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 232 BP 284 EP 287 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31N UT WOS:000175668200054 ER PT B AU Rafferty, TJ Zacharias, N Urban, SE AF Rafferty, TJ Zacharias, N Urban, SE BE Clowes, R Adamson, A Bromage, G TI The USNOCCD astrograph catalog - UCAC SO NEW ERA OF WIDE FIELD ASTRONOMY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the New Era of Wide Field Astronomy CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE, PRESTON, ENGLAND HO UNIV CENT LANCASHIRE AB The U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog project (UCAC) is a high precision astrometric survey of the entire sky covering the red magnitude range 8-16. A positional accuracy of 20 mas is expected for the magnitude range 10-14, decreasing to about 70 mas at 16th. Plans are to use the Southern and Northern Proper Motion (SPM and NPM) surveys for the determination of the proper motions for the majority of stars. Observations should be completed in 2003 and the final catalog released in 2004. A preliminary catalog, UCAC1, of over 27 million southern hemisphere stars was released in early 2000. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Rafferty, TJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-065-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 232 BP 308 EP 310 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31N UT WOS:000175668200059 ER PT B AU Ligler, FS Hazzard, JW Golden, JP Rowe, CA AF Ligler, FS Hazzard, JW Golden, JP Rowe, CA BE Liron, Z Bromberg, A Fisher, M TI Array biosensor for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes SO NOVEL APPROACHES IN BIOSENSORS AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd OHOLO Conference on Novel Applroaches in Biosensors and Rapid Diagnostic Assays CY OCT, 1999 CL ELAT, ISRAEL SP US Israel Sci & Technol Comm, Tel Aviv, Minist Tourism DE array biosensor; multi-analyte sensing; planar waveguide ID MULTIANALYTE; IMMUNOSENSOR AB A fluorescence-based immunosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples. A patterned array of recognition elements immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide is used to capture analyte present in samples; bound analyte is then quantified by means of fluorescent detector molecules. Upon excitation of the fluorescent label by a small diode laser, a CCD camera detects the pattern of fluorescent antigen: antibody complexes on the sensor surface. Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the identity of the analyte. This immunosensor was used to detect physiologically relevant concentrations of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), F1 antigen from Yersinia pestis, and D-dimer, a marker of sepsis and thrombotic disorders, in spiked clinical samples. Analysis of blind samples also demonstrated the capability of the sensor to analyze for bacteria, viruses, and proteins in simultaneous assays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46444-6 PY 2001 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BU39U UT WOS:000175883700002 ER PT J AU Fiorito, RB Rule, DW AF Fiorito, RB Rule, DW TI Diffraction radiation diagnostics for moderate to high energy charged particle beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Radiation from Relativistic Electrons in Periodic Structures CY AUG, 1999 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA ID TRANSITION RADIATION AB Diffraction radiation (DR) is produced when a charged particle passes through an aperture or near a discontinuity in the media in which it is traveling. DR is closely related to transition radiation (TR), which is produced when a charged particle traverses the boundary between media with different dielectric constants. In contrast to TR, which is now extensively used for beam diagnostic purposes, the potential of DR as a non-interceptive, multi-parameter beam diagnostic remains largely undeveloped. For diagnostic measurements it is useful to observe backward reflected DR from a circular aperture or slit inclined with respect to the beam velocity. However, up to now, well-founded equations for the spectral-angular intensities of backward DR from such apertures have not been available. We present a new derivation of the spectral-angular intensity of backward DR produced from an inclined slit for two orientations of the slit axis, i.e., perpendicular and parallel to the plane of incidence. Our mathematical approach is generally applicable to any geometry and simpler than the Wiener Hopf method previously used to calculate DR from single edges. Our results for the slit are applied to the measurement of orthogonal beam size and divergence components. We discuss the problem of separating the simultaneous effects of these beam parameters on the angular distribution of DR and provide solutions to this difficulty. These include use of the horizontal and vertical polarization components of the radiation from a single slit and interferences from two inclined slits. Examples of DR diagnostics for a 500 MeV beam are presented and the current limitations of the technique are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Fiorito, RB (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM rfiorito@rocketmail.com NR 16 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2001 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00066-5 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388NJ UT WOS:000166186900011 ER PT J AU Shchagin, AV Khizhnyak, NA Fiorito, RB Rule, DW Artru, X AF Shchagin, AV Khizhnyak, NA Fiorito, RB Rule, DW Artru, X TI Parametric X-ray radiation for calibration of X-ray space telescopes and generation of several X-ray beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Radiation from Relativistic Electrons in Periodic Structures CY AUG, 1999 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA DE parametric X-ray radiation (PXR); X-ray beam; calibration; X-ray space telescope ID CRYSTALS AB The setup based on a moderate energy linear accelerator (linac) is proposed to provide users with a tunable, quasimonochromatic, linearly polarized X-ray beam. The effect of parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) from relativistic electrons in a crystal is used in an X-ray source. The application of the setup for calibration of X-ray space telescopes and other equipment is considered. The setup allows calibration of angular, spectral, polarization parameters of telescopes with smooth tuning of X-ray energy from several keV to hundreds of keV. Estimates of X-ray flux intensities and spectral line widths on the telescope aperture at a distance of several hundred meters are presented. Besides, the PXR-based facility for simultaneous generation of several X-ray beams is proposed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Shchagin, AV (reprint author), Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Alcademicheskaya Str 1, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. OI Shchagin, Alexander/0000-0002-0659-8619 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2001 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00059-8 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 388NJ UT WOS:000166186900023 ER PT B AU Johnson, BM Pedersen, A AF Johnson, BM Pedersen, A GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Acoustical imaging with compact sensors for mine countermeasures applications SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Navy divers are often called upon to identify contacts that have been classified as mine-like by airborne or shipboard MCM systems. Identification relies upon a visual inspection of the contact, but the limitations in contact location accuracy and optical clarity dictate the need for sonar systems to reacquire contacts. The Navy currently relies upon the diver-held aural AN-PQS/2A for this purpose. Over the past decade, the Navy has invested heavily in visual imaging sonars to improve reacquisition performance. In the latter half of this decade, as small autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technology has emerged, multi-beam imagers have been developed for these platforms. An overview of the Navy's past, present, and planned efforts in diver and small AUV platform-based multi-beam visual imaging systems is presented. Particular attention is paid to those systems which are nearing transition to fleet systems. C1 USN, Explos Ordinance Disposal EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Johnson, BM (reprint author), USN, Explos Ordinance Disposal EOD Technol Div, 2008 Stump Neck Neck Rd, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800001 ER PT B AU Impagliazzo, J Medeiros, M Kay, S AF Impagliazzo, J Medeiros, M Kay, S GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Imaging with a 2 MHz sparse broadband planar array SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB A portable high-resolution sonar has been under development to provide Navy Divers with an acoustic imaging systems for mine reconnaissance. The first phase of development was completed in 2000 with the demonstration of a broadband, 6% sparse line array, imaging a simple target in the NUWC Acoustic Test Facility (ATF). Element locations for this array were computed based on a grid point optimization technique(I) which minimized close-in sidelobes. The center frequency was 2 MHz with a 667 kHz bandwidth. A new sparse planar array, consisting of 121 1 nun x 1 mm 2 MHz elements, has been fabricated, to provide 3-D acoustic images of underwater targets. This array was also designed using the grid point optimization technique.(I) The first phase of testing with simple targets will be completed in 2001 for the planar sparse array. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Impagliazzo, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800004 ER PT B AU Benjamin, KC AF Benjamin, KC GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Recent advances in 1-3 piezoelectric polymer composite transducer technology for AUV/UUV acoustic imaging applications SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Over the past five years, the use of 1-3 piezoelectric polymer composite has been studied under various U.S. Navy funded transducer research programs. As a transduction material, the 1-3 piezoelectric composite offers many advantages for autonomous/unmanned undersea vehicles (AUV/UUV) imaging array construction. Broad bandwidth, high transmit / receive response, low cost of fabrication, mechanical ruggedness, and the ability to form conformal shapes, make this material both a unique and intriguing medium for the sonar transducer designer. The 1-3 piezocomposite panels are comprised of several piezoceramic rods aligned vertically through the panel's thickness with each rod surrounded with a specific polymer epoxy. Volume fractions of ceramic to polymer can vary up to 50% with panel thickness ranging between fractions of a millimeter (2-4 MHz) to 25 millimeters (50-70 kHz). This presentation will elucidate the application of this unique material to a variety of practical transducer designs and describe some of the recent device demonstrations along with measured performance data. [Work sponsored by the US Navy]. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Benjamin, KC (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 26 EP 33 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800005 ER PT B AU Allen, GI Matthews, R Wynn, M AF Allen, GI Matthews, R Wynn, M GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Mitigation of platform generated magnetic noise impressed on a magnetic sensor mounted in an autonomous underwater vehicle SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc DE Autonomous Underwater Vehicle; magnetic; localization; mapping; tracking; gradiometer; fluxgate ID GRADIOMETER AB The detection and localization of targets of interest in the very shallow water areas and especially in the surf zone are much more difficult problems than in the deep ocean. This Is because of limited optical visibility, increased acoustic background noise, targets more subject to burial, limited sensor platform size and deteriorated platform stability. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to augment existing fleet sensor capability with additional technology. Furthermore in keeping with Navy policy, it is desirable to remove the diver from harms way. A potential solution is to utilize a small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) instrumented with both a buried target sonar and the Real time Tracking Gradiometer (RTG). This paper describes the procedures required to successfully place a magnetic gradient sensor array on an AUV. The first step was to magnetically characterize the AUV. This was accomplished by passing the AUV by a stationary RTG and then by externally mounting that RTG at several locations on the AUV which was then placed in simulated at-sea motion on a nonmagnetic three-axis motion table. Analysis of the data revealed that the favored location of a magnetic sensor is near the nose of the vessel and that the initial degradation, in this location, caused by the presence of the powered AUV was 30 dB above sensor noise. The degradation was caused primarily by the vehicle's electrical systems. Initial measurements also revealed the presence of several ferromagnetic components that should be replaced with nonmagnetic equivalents when practical. A detailed plan of magnetic noise mitigation is also presented. It involves several steps for implementation, including the substitution of nonferrous components for ferrous, maximizing the separation between the sensor and magnetic field sources, minimizing current loops and using auxiliary current and magnetic field sensors capable of generating noise-canceling signals. Data and results to date are from land-based testing, but are applicable to the underwater environment of the AUV. These tests indicate that integration, while not trivial, is indeed feasible, and work is continuing toward mounting the sensor internal to the AUV and implementing the required noise mitigation solutions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Allen, GI (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800011 ER PT B AU Taylor, JS Wolff, LB AF Taylor, JS Wolff, LB GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Partial polarization signature results from the field testing of the SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP) SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Research has shown that essentially all naturally occurring light outdoors and underwater is partially linearly polarized. The polarized components can be combined to form an image that describes the polarization of the light in the scene. This Image is known as the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) Image or partial polarization image. Naturally occurring polarization signatures have the potential to provide a diver or an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) with the information necessary to detect, classify, and identify threats such as obstacles or mines in the shallow water environment. The SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP) has recently been designed and developed to measure the underwater partial polarization of targets. This camera is a passive, three-channel device that simultaneously measures the three components of the Stokes vector needed to determine the partial linear polarization of the scene. Testing of this sensor has been ongoing. This paper presents the results of the laboratory characterization and performance results from the field testing that quantify the partial polarization signature of targets in the Very Shallow Water (VSW) and Surf Zone (SZ) regions. C1 USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800017 ER PT B AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, GJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Algorithm fusion for automated sea mine detection and classification SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID SCAN SONAR IMAGERY; MULTIRESOLUTION NEURAL NETWORKS; ADAPTIVE CLUTTER SUPPRESSION; SHALLOW-WATER; BANDWIDTH REDUCTION; VARIATIONAL-METHODS; LOOKING SONAR; RECOGNITION; DETECTION/CLASSIFICATION; FILTER AB The fusion of multiple detection/ classification algorithms is proving a very powerful approach for dramatically reducing false alarm rate, while still maintaining a high probability of detection and classification. This has been demonstrated in several recent Navy sea tests. The high-resolution sonar is one of the principal sensors used by the Navy to detect and classify sea mines in minehunting operations. For such sonar systems, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of automated detection and classification (D/C) algorithms. These have been spurred by several factors including (1) aids for operators to reduce work overload, (2) more optimal use of all available data, and (3) the introduction of unmanned minehunting systems. The environments where sea mines are typically laid (harbor areas, shipping lanes, and the littorals) give rise to many false alarms caused by natural, biologic, and man-made clutter. The objective of the automated D/C algorithms is to eliminate most of these false alarms while still maintaining a very high probability of mine detection and classification (PdPc). In recent years, the benefits of fusing the outputs of multiple D/C algorithms have been studied. We refer to this as Algorithm Fusion. The results have been remarkable, including reliable robustness to new environments. Even though our experience has been gained In the area of sea mine detection and classification, the principles described herein are general and can be applied to fusion of any D/C problem (e.g., automated medical diagnosis or automatic target recognition for ballistic missile defense). C1 USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800020 ER PT B AU Littlejohn, WC AF Littlejohn, WC GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Motion model development for very shallow water/surf zone crawler SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Very Shallow Water/Surf Zone (VSW/SZ) environment presents a challenging problem to Mine Countermeasures (MCM) operations conducted in military operations involving amphibious landings. Present tactics involve human swimmers and present a risky and time-consuming scenario. There are Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (UAV) systems under development that will replace the human swimmers in VSW/SZ MCM operations. One of these systems is an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), commonly known as a crawler. The crawler system is a small tracked vehicle, which will carry a suite of sensors that will enable it to perform necessary MCM functions such as detect, classify, identify, mark, re-acquire, and neutralize threat targets. To aid in the development of the crawler system and associated tactical use, a three degree-of-freedom motion model is being developed for Incorporation into an engineering level simulation under development at the Coastal Systems Station (CSS). At present the equations of motion with empirical force models have been implemented into the simulation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Littlejohn, WC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800022 ER PT B AU Cook, DA Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE AF Cook, DA Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Broadbeam multi-aspect synthetic aperture sonar SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Broadband multi-aspect processing promises to Improve the image quality and target detection/classification capabilities of imaging systems since the different aspects or 'looks' can provide additional clues about the shape and dimension of targets. To obtain high cross-range resolutions, these different 'looks' can be obtained by steering the main beam of a synthesized aperture. Synthetic aperture beam steering can be performed on data that was collected in stripmap mode. Accurate beam steering requires correct data handling by the reconstruction algorithm since the target area is in the near-field of the aperture. The limits of steering are determined primarily by the beamwidth of the system in question. The low-frequency synthetic aperture sonar system in use at the Coastal Systems Station in Panama City, Florida is well suited to this type of beam steering because of its broad beams (100degrees for the receiver and 50degrees for the transmitter) and its spatially oversampled design. Results obtained from simulated point targets as well as real data are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dalhgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Cook, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dalhgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 188 EP 192 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800028 ER PT B AU Kirsteins, IP Fay, J Kelly, J AF Kirsteins, IP Fay, J Kelly, J GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Suppressing reverberation by multipath separation for improved buried object detection SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB This paper addresses the problem of using a vertical aperture to suppress the interference caused to SAS by surface bounce path reverberation components decorrelated by the rough sea surface. Using at-sea gathered SACLANTCEN vertical array acoustic data, we characterize the reverberation vertical properties and investigate the separation of the direct and surface bounce path reverberation and target echo components. We propose two implementations of the PCI method of interference cancellation and demonstrate with actual data that they are effective in separating the reverberation in the vertical domain. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212,Code 821, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 236 EP 244 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800036 ER PT B AU Sammelmann, GS AF Sammelmann, GS GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Propagation and scattering in very shallow water SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Over the past several years COASTSYSTA has developed a sonar simulation for modeling sonar performance in very shallow water and the surf zone called PC SWAT (Personal Computer Shallow Water Acoustic Tool-set). The latest version of PC SWAT (7.0) is scheduled for release in September of 2001. It includes propagation in a 3-dimensional environment, a time-varying sea surface, a model for the evolution of bubble clouds in the surf zone, 3-dimensional targets, and coherent imaging capabilities. This article focuses on some of the new features that have been added to PC SWAT during FY 2001. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Sammelmann, GS (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R22,6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800053 ER PT B AU Carpenter, RN Medeiros, MR AF Carpenter, RN Medeiros, MR GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Concurrent mapping and localization and map matching on autonomous underwater vehicles SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB In many autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications, navigation is a critical issue. The positional error growth associated with dead reckoning and inertial navigation systems may preclude their use. In order to circumvent this problem, artificial beacons may be employed for long duration positioning, or Global Positioning System (GPS) data are used to provide navigation resets. Unfortunately, there are numerous missions, both military and commercial, where these solutions are unworkable. Concurrent mapping and localization (CML) is a technique, with roots in the robotics community that endeavors to build a map of a vehicle's environment by extracting information from objects within it while concurrently using that map to position the vehicle. As presented in this paper, CML relies on accurate vehicle attitude information and target tracking to retard the positional error growth rate. Map matching Is an independent, but complementary process to CML. Map matching requires good short-term navigation for the creation of a small, local map. The location of this local map Is then identified within a larger reference map, providing a periodic positional reset. The a priori reference map may have been created completely In a previous mission, or earlier in the current mission at a time when the positional uncertainty was comparatively small. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM carpenterrn@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; medeirosmr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 380 EP 389 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800060 ER PT B AU Wick, CE Stilwell, DJ AF Wick, CE Stilwell, DJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A miniature low-cost autonomous underwater vehicle SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB We announce the development of a prototype miniature low-cost autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The vehicle was designed to explore technology for one-way military applications, including minefield mapping/tagging, and cooperative underwater activities with similar units, but could also find application in shallow water mapping and remote sensing. The prototype vehicle measures approximately 24 Inches long (61cm) by 3.5 inches in diameter (8.9 cm), displacing approximately 7 lbs (3.3 kg). We present the physical design of this vehicle, our findings from initial testing, Including the performance of inexpensive sensors used for vehicle navigation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wick, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 423 EP 428 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800066 ER PT B AU Lee, KH AF Lee, KH GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI An intelligent control for a crawling unmanned vehicle SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID FUZZY AB This paper describes a new methodology to design an adaptive feedback controller for an unmanned crawling vehicle (UCV) having track style wheels. The motion of the vehicle is constrained by environmental uncertainties, which are represented by unknown friction coefficients between the tracks and ground surface. The controller, a combination of conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Adaptive Neural Network Fuzzy Logic (ANNFL), is designed by using multi-objective optimization techniques from which the fixed control gains of PID controller and the adjustable control gains of ANNFL are obtained. Using the nonlinear motion equations of the vehicle dynamics, the PID controller is designed at a nominal operating point and establishes a desired system response pattern of feedback (closed loop) control. The ANNFL deals with the uncertainties to compensate the PID controller for reducing the "command following error" by tuning an additional gain feedback from the system output besides the fixed gain of the PID controller. ANNFL provides an adaptability and robustness for the integrated control strategy of the PID and ANNFL. An example simulation is included to demonstrate the improved performance of this integrated control strategy in comparison with M-only control. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code R11, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 490 EP 500 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800076 ER PT B AU Sharp, K Cronin, D Small, D Swanson, R Augustus, T AF Sharp, K Cronin, D Small, D Swanson, R Augustus, T GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A cocoon-based shipboard launch and recovery system for large autonomous underwater vehicles SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) recently completed testing and integration of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) launch and recovery system (LRS). This paper describes the design goals and initial field-test results for a unique method of launch and recovery for large vehicle systems (i.e., 10,000 pound/28-foot length). Designed and fabricated by Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego for NAVOCEANO's Seahorse class vehicles, the LRS is optimized for operation from high-freeboard T-AGS PATHFINDER class survey vessels and employs a modified vehicle-in-cocoon deployment and recovery technique. Launch and recovery operations are conducted without small boat assistance and provide a high margin of safety to personnel and vehicle systems. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Sharp, K (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 550 EP 554 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800084 ER PT B AU Fell, P Tanenbaum, M AF Fell, P Tanenbaum, M GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Preliminary comparisons of the WGS84(EGM 96) geoid with national vertical datums SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB In fiscal year 2001, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) initiated a project (I) to examine selected national vertical datums in order to evaluate their consistency with orthometric heights derived from Global Positioning System (WGS84) ellipsoid heights and EGM96 geoid heights and (it) to address the potential for converting bathymetric depths from coastal hydrographic charts to WGS84 depths. This paper discusses preliminary findings obtained during the initial phases of the project. Systematic differences between the EGM96 geoid and various national vertical datums were determined and modeled. These models enable heights to be transformed between local vertical datums and WGS84. A concept for addressing hydrographic chart depth conversion based on GPS positioning of the chart datum (e.g., Mean Low Low Water) Is also discussed. C1 USN, NAVSEA, Surface Warfare Ctr Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Fell, P (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA, Surface Warfare Ctr Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800088 ER PT B AU Kriebel, DL Finlayson, WS AF Kriebel, DL Finlayson, WS GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Ocean engineering design experience at the US Naval Academy SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB This paper presents an overview of the capstone design course in the undergraduate ocean engineering curriculum at the U.S. Naval Academy. The emphasis of this course Is on integrating "real-world" design problems and design procedures into the academic curriculum, to benefit the students as well as public sector "clients" who volunteer their time to mentor students. Examples of recent projects are given in the paper, and several are highlighted to show how student design can lead, after additional professional design effort, to completed constructed projects. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kriebel, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800095 ER PT B AU Butler, FK AF Butler, FK GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI The US Navy Dive Computer SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB In 1996, at the request of the Special Operations Command (SOCOM), the Naval Sea Systems Command tasked the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) to identify, procure, and test a commercial dive computer (DC) containing the U.S. Navy-approved VVAL18 decompression algorithm. After advertising in the Commerce Business Daily, NEDU awarded a contract to Cochran Undersea Technology to insert the VVAL18 algorithm into one of its commercially available dive computers. Following several years of testing, this DC, named the "NAVY Dive Computer," has been approved for use by SEAL (Sea-Air-Land) Team 1. The DC is authorized to a maximum depth of 200 feet of seawater (fsw) and may be used with air, the MK 25 Mod 2 (100% oxygen rebreather) underwater breathing apparatus (UBA), or the MK 16 MOD 0 UBA (0.7 ata constant oxygen partial pressure rebreather) with nitrogen background. The DC has been configured conservatively to allow the diver to switch from one breathing gas to the other without having to inform the DC of the gas switch. The DC also records the depth every second and stores up to 550 hours of diving. These logged dive profiles can be transferred from the DC to a personal computer running Microsoft Windows. On 31 January 2001, the first operational dives using the NAVY DC for decompression monitoring were performed. After a 6-month period to observe its reliability, NEDU will make recommendations on expanding the use of the DC among other Navy commands. To date, the DC has performed reliably and comments have been favorable. The DC has given the Team Commanding Officer added flexibility in diving operations. To allow better planning when the DC is being used, a Microsoft Windows dive planner that uses the same decompression algorithm contained within the DC has been developed. The planner calculates and displays the amount of decompression required for user-entered dive profiles for several breathing gas mixtures. To further streamline the dive planning capabilities, the decompression algorithm has also been incorporated into another dive planner program that runs in the handheld Palm Pilot Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The PDA dive planner allows a user to determine decompression schedules when running a laptop or desktop personal computer is impractical. Both dive planners are still being evaluated and have not been released. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 900 EP 904 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800141 ER PT B AU Long, ET AF Long, ET GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Warm water diving: Physiological effect as a function of body temperature SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Long, ET (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 905 EP 910 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800142 ER PT B AU Jensen, G AF Jensen, G GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) - "A coastal ocean observatory" SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) is a coastal ocean observatory combining government, commercial, and academic resources, intellectual talents, and modern facilities to create a new global-interest center where high fidelity and cost effective experiments and studies can be conducted. The combined SFOMC In-water and shore facilities located In southern Florida provide a fully Integrated observatory to archive measurements, provide ground truth to validate hydrographic survey systems, intercompare in situ data with emerging oceanographic instruments, and to disseminate environmental information supporting maritime operations. Specific accomplishments at SFOMC include Installation of innovative environmental arrays and data analyses, a 4-dimensional current experiment, AUV operations and mine hunting experiments, adverse weather experiments, studies of fluctuations, coherence, and predictability of long range shallow water acoustic propagation, bio/geological inventories, and assessments, and rehearsals for Fleet Battle Experiments. The implementation of SFOMC as a Government-University laboratory to observe littoral processes has been successful. SFOMC is being sustained through ongoing operations and experiments with established sponsorship from ONR, NSF, NOPP, NAVSEA, and DARPA as well as state and local government. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Jensen, G (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1163 EP 1170 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800183 ER PT B AU Smith, RA Russell, L McKenzie, BD Bird, DT AF Smith, RA Russell, L McKenzie, BD Bird, DT GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Synoptic data collection and products at the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID TEMPERATURE AB When the U.S. Navy started collecting oceanographic data in the early 1800s, it was most concerned with deep water, harbors, and their approaches. Usually data were collected by hand or other primitive methods until better methods were developed. After the ship or boats came back to shore, these data were taken back to labs, where they were processed and analyzed. This often meant waiting days, weeks, or months for results. Once satellite remote sensing became available for collecting data, almost instant analysis of environmental conditions became a possibility. Automated processing routines have further ensured that data collected in a remote area, transferred to the processing area, and posted to operational centers are available for analysis of the environment and for input into models in a relatively short time. As the Navy focus has shifted more toward the littoral zone, this availability of data has become crucial for the warfighter. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) currently collects data from a variety of sensors. Satellite imagery is used to determine sea height, sea surface temperature, ocean currents and upwelling, water masses In the sea, frontal boundaries that separate the water masses, and the swirling eddies that spiral from them [1]. Satellite imagery also provides optical data that are used to derive products employed by the warfighter and that can be used as comparison and validation with other sensor data and model output. In addition to satellite imagery, NAVOCEANO receives about 16,000 unique observations daffy from buoys, profiling floats, ships, and planes in support of Navy requirements and in coordination with the International Cooperative (Data Buoy Cooperation Panel and its subgroups). Although only a small fraction of the total area of the water-covered parts of the earth falls into the littoral zone category, it is an Important fraction. Remote sensing is the only tool that provides the U.S. Navy a synoptic view of inaccessible marine environments. C1 USN, Ocenaog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), USN, Ocenaog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1198 EP 1203 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800188 ER PT B AU Ebrite, S Pope, B Lillycrop, WJ AF Ebrite, S Pope, B Lillycrop, WJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A multi-agency solution for coastal surveys - SHOALS in the Pacific SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Hydrographic surveying is always costly and nowhere is this truer than In shallow coastal waters. Consequently, it is critical that objectives are correctly identified and assets targeted in a comprehensive and economic scenario. It was in this environment that from late summer 2000 and into early spring 2001 an ambitious multi-agency plan was put in motion to survey ten Pacific islands ranging from the Hawaiian Island group to Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Encompassing a span of nearly 4000 miles, approximately 1,100 square miles of shallow coastal ocean was mapped from 50 meters deep to 50 meters above the high water mark The foundation for this project was an existing partnership between the US Navy and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) that operates the Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system through the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). As the only operational lidar bathymetry system in the USA, and one of only four in the world, SHOALS availability to rapidly and safely survey shallow water areas Is at a premium. By including the requirements of the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS), along with those of the Navy and USACE, it became possible for all agencies to benefit from a Navy-sponsored deployment of this highly specialized, but flexible technology. Expanding the project allowed each agency to contribute In its own specific area of expertise. This paper will present the data collected in Hawaii and demonstrate how multi-agency relationships can be optimized through a flexible technology, such as airborne lidar, to concurrently satisfy a wide variety of requirements. These include tactical charting, safety of navigation, coral reef mapping, environmental assessment, shoreline dynamics and coastal engineering. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ebrite, S (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1204 EP 1211 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800189 ER PT B AU Karafiath, G Hotaling, JM Meehan, JM AF Karafiath, G Hotaling, JM Meehan, JM GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Fisheries Research Vessel hydrodynamic design minimizing bubble sweepdown SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The authors review the need for a quiet fisheries research ship to protect and maintain fish stocks and marine mammals. The ship design, construction, and acquisition processes are presented in overview. The main mission of the Fisheries Research Vessel (FRV) depends greatly on acoustic sensor performance. A major concern in achieving maximum efficiency from modern acoustic sounders is the reduction of bubbles and the control of bubble sweepdown patterns that flow over the acoustic sensors. Design efforts related to problems on earlier ships are reviewed, including the extensive efforts undertaken to minimize bubble sweepdown on the TAGS 60 PATHFINDER Class. The authors describe the application of earlier Navy work to the design of NOAA's Fisheries Research Vessel, FRV 40, and how the design takes advantage of many previous hydrodynamic and ship design developments. A discussion of subsequent model tests to verify the design is included. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Resistance & Powering Dept, Bethesda, MD 20087 USA. RP Karafiath, G (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Resistance & Powering Dept, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20087 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1212 EP 1223 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800190 ER PT B AU Tutton, RL Gates, TA Forgach, KM AF Tutton, RL Gates, TA Forgach, KM GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI T-AGS 60 class bubble sweepdown diverter fence design SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The authors will describe the design and model testing of the bubble sweepdown diverter fence, which has been installed on all T-AGS 60 (USNS PATHFINDER) class ships to date. The bubble fence, as it has become known, redirects the flow of water that transports bubble sweepdown above the hull's chine. This flow realignment prevents the bubbles from traveling into beam patterns of the hull mounted multibeam sonar systems that collect bathymetric data, the primary mission of the T-AGS 60 class ships. The bubble fence installation has resulted in improvements in sonar swath width and bathymetric survey speed. The degraded sonar performance due to bubble sweepdown on USNS PATHFINDER became evident during the post construction acoustic testing. Underway video of the hull recorded by divers showed clouds of bubble sweepdown flowing over the EM-121A sonar system, thus validating the cause of the degraded sonar system performance. Flow visualization model tests were performed to assess the ability of several different appendages, including the bubble fence, to redirect the flow that transports the bubble sweepdown(1). The selection of a bilge keel like appendage, or bubble fence, was based on the ability of the fence to keep the bubbles out of the region of the EM-121A multibeam sonar window through heavy sea states and relatively high survey speeds. These fences were installed on USNS PATHFINDER and the effectiveness was tested. The EM-121A sonar system was shown to be clear of bubble sweepdown influence during the second test with underway video of the hull recorded by divers for various speeds at relatively low sea states. Further acoustic data taken from the EM-121A and other test sensors showed the realignment of the bubble sweepdown transport path out of the EM-121A window region. More Importantly, acoustic data showed improvements in the EM-121A sonar system performance that allowed for increases in the initial bathymetric survey speeds from approximately 4 to 8 knots. Following these trials, acquisition of divers underway video and acoustic data on all T-AGS 60 class ships has Insured the EM-121A sonar system is free of bubble sweepdown influence. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Signatures Assessment Branch, Bethesda, MD 20087 USA. RP Tutton, RL (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Signatures Assessment Branch, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20087 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1233 EP 1240 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800192 ER PT B AU Sebastian, SM Caruthers, JW AF Sebastian, SM Caruthers, JW GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Effects of naturally occurring bubbles on multibeam sonar operations{TC backslash 12"} SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID PROPAGATION; SURF AB The acoustic effects of bubbles can have a major impact on hydrographic operations using multibeam sonars and on the quality of the data they produce. It is well-known that bubble sweepdown, bubbles entrained beneath the hull due to high ship speeds or heavy weather, is a significant problem, and means to mitigate the effects are sought. The bubble problem discussed in this paper has a different source-one which hydrographers have not yet taken into account. The bubbles that cause this problem are those naturally occurring in the sea. Natural bubbles exist in the ocean due to many causes such as breaking waves, rip currents carrying bubbles produced in surf zones out into deeper waters, impact of rain drops, swim bladders of sea life, and gas hydrates bubbling up from the seafloor. This paper discusses the characteristics of bubbles caused by breaking wind waves and rip currents and their effects on multibeam-sonar operations. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Sebastian, SM (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1241 EP 1247 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800193 ER PT B AU Gathof, JM AF Gathof, JM GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Proof of concept Naval Oceanographic Office Survey Operations Center SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Naval Oceanographic Office Survey Operations Center (SOC) consists of an integrated shipboard satellite communications suite and a land-based data management system capable of transferring, managing, monitoring, and validating survey data from the field. The asymmetric satellite data link consists of 2048 kb/s from the ship and 384 kb/s back to the ship. The communications system consists of a 2.7-meter C/Ku-Band satellite antenna, servers, routers, encryptors, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Content Delivery System, Internet access, video teleconferencing, and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) telephone service. The SOC-based management system integrates COTS software and custom software, allowing geographic Information system applications to track the survey assets. Installation of the first communications suite was performed aboard USNS PATHFINDER in April 2001, followed by a successful proof of concept demonstration of the complete system in June 2001. During this proof of concept demonstration, underway multibeam swath bathymetry, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth, Expendable Bathythermograph, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, navigation, underway bioluminescence, and subbottom profiler data were transmitted across the satellite link, along with video, Internet, and VOIP telephone service. This paper provides implementation details regarding the proof of concept demonstration of the SOC. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gathof, JM (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1257 EP 1261 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800195 ER PT B AU Raffa, S Douglas, S AF Raffa, S Douglas, S GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A broadband ship-to-shore communications network for the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) conducts multimission, worldwide ocean surveys to provide specialized products and services for warfighters and civilians, national and international customers. A high-speed ship-to-shore data communications network is required to move the huge volume of survey data collected aboard T-AGS 60 USNS PATHFINDER class survey ships to the NAVOCEANO Survey Operations Center (SOC) at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. The rapid growth in broadband terrestrial communications networks, driven primarily by the Internet, is now migrating to ships at sea. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) satellite communications (SATCOM) terminals for shipboard installation are available that provide T1 and higher data rates. Due to recent reductions in satellite transponder costs, the military has increased its utilization of commercial satellite resources to improve timeliness of data product delivery and wide-area network services to customers. This paper describes a highspeed asymmetrical (2048 Kbps from ships; 384 Kbps to ships) communications network using C-Band commercial geostationary satellites to provide real-time voice, video, and data connectivity between a fleet of survey ships and the NAVOCEANO SOC. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Raffa, S (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1262 EP 1267 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800196 ER PT B AU Jarrett, CM Lever, JA Moseley, WJ AF Jarrett, CM Lever, JA Moseley, WJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Production management and control for operational oceanography SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The mission of the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) Is to conduct multidisciplinary military ocean surveys, collect and analyze oceanographic data, and generate operationally significant products and services that address Navy and Department of Defense oceanographic needs, as well as those of academia and civil agencies. NAVOCEANO provides near-real-time and long-term oceanographic product support in the form of text, graphics, remotely sensed products, and databases. NAVOCEANO constitutes a production environment for analyzing oceanographic features from in situ data, Imagery, and databases and for producing tailored and standard products for a myriad of operational customers. Production can consist of automated processing, database creation, or scientific analysis of various data sets. To track the requirements and requests for products from receipt to dissemination, the production process has been captured in a workflow software package called Forward Looking Office Workflow (FLOW). This paper describes a system to meet production management requirements for operational products at NAVOCEANO. It will describe the current use of the FLOW software and an initiative to integrate FLOW into the hydrographic production process. A link will be made between the FLOW software and a commercial off-the-shelf performance management software, Panorama Business Views (PBViews), to give an office-wide perspective on production management and performance. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Jarrett, CM (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1268 EP 1271 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800197 ER PT B AU Edson, D Lever, JA Kelly, C Goudeau, J AF Edson, D Lever, JA Kelly, C Goudeau, J GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Implementation of the meteorology and oceanography geospatial initiative at the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) Is charged with the collection and processing of oceanographic data worldwide in direct support of military operations. We are also a co-producer of digital products with the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). We currently provide more than 1600 products a year In support of warfighter operations. The Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) Geospatial Initiative (MGI) Is designed to be part of an overall end-to-end reengineering of our production so that features can be derived directly from our data holdings, properly attributed, and made available to both NIMA and Department of Defense (DOD) for military operations. We provide products to numerous multi-agency customers Including Navy, Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Defense Commanders in Chief, and U.S. Government agencies. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Edson, D (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1272 EP 1275 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800198 ER PT B AU Bennett, TJ Shank, MK AF Bennett, TJ Shank, MK GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Ocean partnerships SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The challenges of supporting operations at sea Include the complexity of ocean forecasting in the coastal zone, the rapid evolution of ocean technology, and the impact of the Internet. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), the U.S. Department of Defense's lead organization for oceanography, maintains the world's most extensive ocean databases, collects disparate types of ocean data, and runs a comprehensive suite of ocean models. Despite all of these resources, meeting these challenges will require collaboration between NAVOCEANO and the research and development (R&D) and operational activities of civil government agencies, academia, and other countries on an unprecedented scale. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), which are International ocean observation and prediction programs, are two activities of particular interest. At the national level, the Oceans Act 2000 mandates the establishment of a Commission on Ocean Policy that will conduct a comprehensive review of national ocean policy and recommend a policy for the next decade or more. In preparation for this review, naval oceanography needs a vision of how oceanography can be made more effective by leveraging naval and non-defense ocean programs toward each other's missions. NAVOCEANO is considering several initiatives for collaboration with external ocean programs. Participation in GOOS and GODAE will be a high priority. This participation will Include the release by NAVOCEANO of previously restricted data and the development of a Navy test bed for developing, testing, and validating ocean forecast systems. This test bed will expedite the leverage of non-defense R&D by focusing naval and non-defense oceanographers on specific issues. A key aspect of the test bed will be a new web-based infrastructure that exploits distributed computing to enhance collaboration and data exchange among teams dispersed across the country. NAVOCEANO welcomes your questions and comments as well as your interest in participating in these collaborative Initiatives. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bennett, TJ (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1436 EP 1440 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800222 ER PT B AU Soper, D Heim, PK Freeman, R AF Soper, D Heim, PK Freeman, R GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI US navy issues in electronic navigation: Transitioning from "traditional" to "digital navigation" SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The United States Navy will be faced with numerous challenges while transitioning from centuries of manually plotting and navigating using paper charts to electronic charts with automated functions and displays. Training and education will be essential to minimizing the challenges and reducing the effects of potential obstacles. It is anticipated that new technology and capabilities will enable the Navy to conduct operations more effectively, more efficiently and with increased margins of safety. The transition will require numerous paradigm shifts and will involve many different Navy activities. The transition will require coordination among resource sponsors, systems commands, training commands, Fleet Commander-in-Chiefs (CINC's), Type Commanders, Numbered Fleet Commanders, all the way down to the unit level. Given the massive amount of coordination required, the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) formally designated the Oceanographer of the Navy (CNO N096, RADM Dick West) as Navigator of the Navy. Coincident with this designation, the original Navy goal of achieving a "paperless bridge" by 2007 has been accelerated to 2004. To test this concept, two Navy Carrier Battle Groups (CVBG's) will deploy with certified Electronic Chart Display and Information System-Navy (ECDIS-N) systems in 2002. As the Navy conducts this transition, there is a need for an overarching strategy and policy guidance for fleet units. The Chief of Naval Operations issues the ECDIS-N Policy, system certification procedures, and guidance on Geospatial Information and Services (GI&S). Fleet CINC's and Type Commanders will provide guidance on crew training and unit level certification. The Navigator of the Navy's vision (10+ years from now) is for a virtual, digital 4-dimensional cube of the environment. The four dimensions being three-dimensional space (x,y,z) plus the fourth dimension, time. Layers of additional valuable, information are imbedded within the cube; digital information such as timely and accurate positions of friendly and enemy forces, threat envelopes of enemy radars and missile batteries, meteorology and oceanography data, etc. This 4-D cube will extend from the bottom of the ocean to the top of the atmosphere and will be available to all services (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines). Accurate positional GI&S information will be the foundation on which this 4-Cube is based and will be absolutely critical to focused integration of forces for synergistic effects essential to the success of any Service, Joint, or Coalition exercise, mission or operation. With the advent of NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), mariners are now capable of navigating ships with much greater accuracy than ever before. However, there are inherent limitations to paper nautical charts when plotting GPS positions. Knowing the datum of the chart on which GPS positions are plotted is critical to ensuring positional accuracy with respect to charted hazards. In many circumstances the plotted position of certain printed features on paper charts is less accurate than the GPS position of the ship being plotted. With the advent of electronic navigation systems, plotting errors are minimized. The National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) Digital Nautical Charts (DNCs(R)) and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Standard S-57 format Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) are plotted using the world recognized standard WGS-84 datum, the same datum on which GPS Is based. Electronic charting systems provide mariners with real-time information about where they ARE as opposed to where they WERE. With automation of many of the plotting and chart maintenance procedures that were previously done manually, mariners can now spend more time evaluating their situation rather than plotting their position or manually updating a chart. Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) whether on civilian or military surface ships, rely extensively on GPS for positional input. Submarine ECDIS-N rely on inertial navigation systems for inputs with occasional inputs from GPS. However, since GPS may be jammed or potentially become unusable, reliable back-up navigational Inputs (i.e., ship's position, course and speed) must be made available to the electronic charting system from some other reliable source. Inertial, Doppler, celestial, bathymetric, geophysical or some other source must be available to "drive" the system position. In addition, inputs such as visual bearings, radar bearing and ranges, celestial Lines of Position (LOP's) and fixes must be readily accepted by the system. C1 USN Observ, Navy Staff, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Soper, D (reprint author), USN Observ, Navy Staff, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1441 EP 1445 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800223 ER PT B AU Johnston, KJ AF Johnston, KJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI The FAME mission: An adventure in celestial astrometric precision SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) is a MIDEX class NASA Explorer mission that will perform an all-sky, astrometric survey with unprecedented accuracy. FAME will produce an astrometric catalog of 40 million stars between 5th and 15th magnitude. For the bright stars (5th to 9th magnitude) FAME will determine positions and parallaxes accurate to better than 50 microarcseconds, with proper motion errors less than 50 microarcseconds per year. For the fainter stars (between 9th and 15th magnitude) FAME will determine positions and parallaxes accurate to better than 500 microarcseconds, with proper motion errors less than 500 microarcseconds per year. FAME will also collect photometric data on these 40 million stars in four Sloan Digital Sky Survey colors. The FAME science, instrument, and spacecraft requirements and error budgets are being refined to establish the basis for the improved design of the instrument and spacecraft. The Attitude Control System (ACS) based on solar radiation pressure is being studied, including the limitations on the solar angle between the Sun and the rotation angle. The data processing plans are being developed. The CCD procurement contract is in place and design and fabrication of the CCDs is in progress. CCD tests for operations in various Time Delay Integration (TDI) situations are underway and described in another poster. Launch of the FAME spacecraft is scheduled for Oct. 2004. This mission will be described in detail as well as its contributions to astrophysics and space navigation. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1466 EP 1468 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800227 ER PT B AU Phelps, EI Crimmins, DM Vars, TE AF Phelps, EI Crimmins, DM Vars, TE GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A multi-disciplinary approach to evaluate potential impacts of acoustic energy to protected marine life SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Impact of acoustic energy on marine mammals is increasingly becoming of greater concern to the U.S. Navy and the environmental community. In response to its needs as a research and development laboratory, and in conjunction with its responsibilities as a steward for the marine environment, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport (NUWCDIVNPT) has used a multi-disciplinary approach to assess the impacts of acoustic sources on marine mammals. This approach has resulted in the formation of the Marine Life Research and Compliance (MLRC) team, a group of scientists and engineers conducting research and analysis in the field of marine mammal acoustics and environmental compliance. Drawing on their Individual expertise, the MLRC team works together to ensure that research and development (R&D) sea tests or exercises are compliant with applicable environmental laws, particularly the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Acousticians use Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library (OAML) approved models to predict the propagation of sound in the undersea environment. In addition, marine scientists evaluate the environment in which testing will occur for potential presence of marine mammals and sea turtles, as well as oceanographic conditions. The results of the biological, oceanographic, and acoustic analyses are combined to produce an assessment of potential impacts from acoustic sources. If potential impacts exist, the teams' extensive knowledge in the areas of sea testing, systems capabilities, performance, and fleet operational requirements is used to develop appropriate, test-specific mitigation measures. This team of individuals with expertise In the fields of acoustics, modeling, marine mammal biology, oceanography, naval operations, test and evaluation, range operations, and environmental compliance, has assisted the fleet and the R&D community in fulfilling Its mission while protecting marine life. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Phelps, EI (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1469 EP 1473 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800228 ER PT B AU Antonelli, L Kirsteins, I AF Antonelli, L Kirsteins, I GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Empirical acousto-optic sonar performance versus water surface condition SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Recent developments in underwater sound detection by laser sensors probing the air-water surface will be presented and discussed. Experimental results will be presented that demonstrate laser sensor performance on detecting underwater sound subject to various water surface conditions. The results will be used for evaluating current laser sensor capabilities and lay the foundation for future hardware design. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Antonelli, L (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1546 EP 1552 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800240 ER PT B AU Carney, WL Howarth, TR Tressler, JF AF Carney, WL Howarth, TR Tressler, JF GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Thin, low frequency, oil-filled projectors for UUV applications SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB A thin, lightweight, low volume occupation underwater sound projector has been designed and fabricated using cymbal flextensional drivers for use on Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV). The projector is less than 64 mm thick and can produce sound levels in excess of 180 dB over the frequency range of 4.5 kHz to >100 kHz. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Crane Div, Crane, IN USA. RP Carney, WL (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Crane Div, Crane, IN USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1577 EP 1580 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800244 ER PT B AU Brown, WE Newcomb, DR Barlett, ML Rayborn, GH AF Brown, WE Newcomb, DR Barlett, ML Rayborn, GH GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Estimation of ocean bottom scattering strength using discrete eigenray matching in shallow water SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB A new approach for processing active sonar data for the estimation of ocean bottom (sediment) acoustic scattering strength Is presented. This approach uses an algorithm that compares statistical parameters derived from the output of sonar beamformed time series to the modeled eigenstructure of the ocean environment. Events (echoes) are recognized in the time series of the reverberation. Time of arrival, duration, measures of energy and higher-order moments, and an initial estimate of the georeferenced location of the echo are computed. These derived and computed data are compared to the modeled eigenstructure of the ocean environment. The eigenstructure is computed by discretization of the ocean environment In depth and range intervals determined by sonar design characteristics. The resulting eigenstructure is sorted by time and then compared to events in the observed time series. Typically, a given arrival time observed in the time series will have multiple matches in time in the eigenstructure file. A system of tests and rules are applied to the matching eigenray set to resolve ambiguities. If the rule-based ambiguity resolution algorithm fails to identify a particular eigenray as the probable source of dominant energy, then the event (echo) is flagged and not used in the scattering strength calculation. Unique features of this automated algorithm are (1) the ability to match observed events in the time series with a specific propagation path in the ocean, (2) the ability to identify the launch angle at the sonar, (3) the ability to identify the grazing angle at the ocean bottom, (4) the ability to resolve eigenray (multipath) arrival ambiguities in shallow water, and (5) a potential to make high-angle measurements on beam pattern side lobes. Results are presented in shallow water, where the ability to resolve particular eigenrays in a multipath shallow-water environment has been previously thought to be difficult or impossible [1]. The results also demonstrate the ability to generate georeferenced scattering strength as a function of grazing angle, utilizing this technology. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1636 EP 1639 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800255 ER PT B AU Brown, WE Newcomb, DR Barlett, ML Rayborn, GH Bentrem, FW AF Brown, WE Newcomb, DR Barlett, ML Rayborn, GH Bentrem, FW GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Development of multipurpose signal attribute and environmental parameter databases from combatant sensors SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB This paper describes recent developments In the Sonar Active Boundary Loss Estimation (SABLE) project. The objective of the project is to produce high-resolution, georeferenced signal and feature attribute databases from combatant sonar systems and to derive geoacoustic parameters from the databases In support of Fleet requirements. The SABLE program is motivated by a variety of factors, including the need to operate in anisotropic (littoral and shallow-water) environments, decreasing resources, and advances in ADP hardware that now make approaches such as SABLE possible. In a previous paper [1], the basic approach of the SABLE program was described, and an overview of some of the features and potential products of SABLE was given. The approach uses signal processing techniques developed specifically for Naval sonar systems to automatically detect and identify features of Interest In the time series of each beam. All beams for each ping are analyzed, and all sonar waveforms are supported. Signal attributes are extracted for the sonar features, georeferenced, and stored in a database along with supporting ship and sonar status information. In this paper, we present an overview of a prototype full Implementation of the SABLE process from the ship's sensor to the production of a gridded, georeferenced database. The overview includes the Integration of environmental Information into the database as well as sorted/matched eigenray information derived from a customized eigenray model. Unique features of the full database Include the ability to sort/display feature attributes as a function of various constraints such as geometric conditions (sonar depression/elevation angle, azimuth of observation, bottom grazing angle, etc.), sonar acoustic parameters (pulse type, frequency, bandwidth, etc.), or any other feature attribute In the database. Examples of various data visualization and analysis tools are also presented. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1672 EP 1677 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800261 ER PT B AU Nuckols, ML Finlayson, WS Newville, B Gavin, WA AF Nuckols, ML Finlayson, WS Newville, B Gavin, WA GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Comparison of predicted and measured oxygen levels in a semi-closed underwater breathing apparatus SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB An analytical model has recently been developed for predicting the circuit oxygen levels in semi-closed underwater breathing apparatus at various mission depths and diver activity levels (Nuckols, Clarke, Marr, 1999). Unmanned testing in June 2000 with a commercially available US Divers Aqualung OxyMix rebreather (NEDU Test Plan Number 00-06 dated May 2000) showed good agreement with this analytical model over a wide range of diver depths, orientations and activity levels (Nuckols, Gavin, Finlayson, 2000). However, the model indicated that an enhanced performance capability could possibly be achieved with the OxyMix by modifying the size of its exhaust bellows and changing the oxygen content of the supply gas. Following the tests in June, an optimization approach was applied to the analytical model to define desired design parameters for the OxyMix rebreather to maximize its excursion depth capability. Optimized exhaust volume ratios (EVR), the ratio of the small inner bellows volume relative to the main breathing bellows, and supply gas oxygen concentrations were identified to maximize safe operations for the OxyMix design. US Divers agreed to fabricate two modified exhaust bellows of varying volumes for testing to verify the predicted performances of the modified OxyMix. rebreather. During the week of IS December 2000, unmanned testing with these modified OxyMix rebreathers at the Experimental Dive Facility at NEDU verified predicted performances. Specific findings in these tests included a) a modified OxyMix rebreather using an exhaust volume ratio of approximately 6.25% and a supply gas mixture containing 37% oxygen was shown to give an excursion capability to 130 FSW while maintaining circuit PO2 levels below 1.32 Ata (excursions to 150 FSW were shown to be possible with maximum PO2 levels below 1.6 Ata) b) similar to the results seen in the June tests, circuit PO2 levels were shown to be unaffected by diver activity rates between RMV's of 22.5 LPM and 62.5 LPM c) the addition of a diluent injection system on the modified OxyMix design pro-tided minimum circuit oxygen levels of 0.42 Ata at 20 FSW and 0.25 Ata at 0 FSW while still maintaining circuit PO2 levels below 1.32 Ata for excursions up to 130 FSW. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nuckols, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1725 EP 1730 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800271 ER PT B AU Finlayson, WS Niggemann, BR Nuckols, ML AF Finlayson, WS Niggemann, BR Nuckols, ML GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Optimization of variable volume exhaust semi-closed underwater breathing apparatus SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The performance of variable volume exhaust rebreathers are characterized by an exhaust volume ratio (EVR), the ratio of the small inner bellows volume relative to the main breathing bellows, and supply gas oxygen concentrations (XO2). This paper details the development of the approach used to enhance the performance of these systems. An analytical model has recently been developed for predicting the circuit oxygen levels in variable volume exhaust semi-closed underwater breathing apparatus at various mission depths and diver activity levels. Unmanned testing in June 2000 with a commercially available system showed good agreement with this analytical model over a wide range of diver depths, orientations and activity levels. The analytical model showed that for given operational parameters of maximum and minimum depth there must be an optimum EVR and XO2 which will maximize capability while ensuring allowable maximum and minimum partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) in the breathing circuit. By specifying boundary conditions on the analytical model at maximum and minimum depth for the associated allowable minimum and maximum PO2 an analytical relationship for EVR and XO2 was developed and subsequently validated in unmanned testing at the Experimental Diving Unit in Panama City, Florida. Associated EVR and XO2 are presented for three missions of possible interest to the Navy; shallow depth (<60 FSW), deep depth (<190 FSW) and a switch over to closed circuit at very shallow depth (20 FSW). C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Finlayson, WS (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1731 EP 1734 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800272 ER PT B AU Clarke, JR AF Clarke, JR GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Computer Modeling of the kinetics of CO2 absorption in rebreather scrubber canisters SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Despite the ubiquitous use of carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbers in life-support equipment, the kinetics of absorption in scrubbers is poorly understood. Furthermore, there are no dependable sensors to indicate when scrubber life has been expended in underwater breathing apparatus. It was thus our aim to model scrubber kinetics, and from that modeling determine whether thermal sensors could reliably indicate remaining scrubber life. To that end, we have exploited a stochastic method for the discrete simulation of CO2 absorption reactions in scrubber canisters found in closed-circuit underwater breathing apparatus (rebreathers). The model, applicable to both sodalime and lithium hydroxide absorbents, allows us to test the effects of temperature, flow rates, CO2 production, canister geometry, and granule size on absorption kinetics. The model exhibits some similarities to the finite-element method: the simulated bed contains a minimum of 200,000 volume elements or cells, within which are found the cell temperature and amount of CO2 stored for each increment of time. However, unlike the usual application of partial differential equations in finite modeling, mass and heat transfer are determined stochastically. Although constrained by the overall physics, chemical absorption within each cell, with its resulting thermogenesis, and CO2 flow path among cells are probabilistic. The result is a simulation rich in CO2 absorption and thermal fluctuations. Diffusion of CO2 within absorbent granules is impeded by diffusion resistance generated by the accumulation of reaction products within the granules. Thermal conductivity of the absorbent granules, granule size and volume, convective flow rate, and heat transfer between air and granules all influence the reaction kinetics. Gas flow can be directed evenly across the canister or toward a point source. We currently use the model to predict and explain the time- and space-varying thermal profiles Occurring as CO2 reaction fronts move through various canister shapes. We are exploring how knowledge of transport coefficients computed from fluctuation analysis would improve estimates of canister survival time. We also use the simulation to visualize the patterns of CO2 absorption within a scrubber canister. Since the absorption process is inefficient, the model may ultimately aid optimum use of carbon dioxide absorbents and canister geometry. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Clarke, JR (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1738 EP 1744 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800274 ER PT B AU Bradley, WE de Kop, FV Nguyen, SQ AF Bradley, WE de Kop, FV Nguyen, SQ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Real-time navigation on Naval Oceanographic Office survey ships and hydrographic survey launches SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The present-day need for accurate survey data in a quick-turnaround environment requires that nearly flawless navigation information be available to a variety of survey sensors. This presents a challenge to system integrators to obtain the best possible measurement of ship's position, velocity, time, roll, pitch, heading, and vertical displacement with a minimum amount of equipment. In addition, complex corrections are required to compensate for the offsets in physical locations of the various navigation and survey sensors mounted on the vessel and to match the data sampling requirements of each component. The Naval Oceanographic Office survey ships, hydrographic survey launches, and field parties use an integrated navigation system, designed to take advantage of the unprecedented accuracies and reliability available from the Global Positioning System and state-of-the-art strap-down Inertial Navigation Systems, to collect hydrographic and oceanographic data. This paper describes the approach taken in developing this integrated system, the equipment and processes involved, and the potential sources of error. Detailed results of the testing are also presented to evaluate the performance of the system. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bradley, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1783 EP 1787 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800281 ER PT B AU Hendricks, PJ AF Hendricks, PJ GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Comparison of turbulence measurements from a SonTek ADV and a Nobska MAVS SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB A series of velocity measurements made beneath a pier on San Clemente Island off the coast of southern California has been used to compare the performance of two high-frequency acoustic current meters in measurmg turbulence. The flow under the pier consists of a weak tidal current, periodic motion due to swell and shorter wind waves, and turbulence induced by the interaction of tidal currents and periodic wave motion with the pilings of the pier. Three 10-MHz SonTek ADV's (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter) and two Nobska MAVS-3 (Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor) current meters were attached to a platform at mid-depth (similar to 4 m deep) below the pier. Simultaneous data from all the instruments were recorded for various instrument configurations over a period of several days. During the test period, most of the measured rms velocity of 3-4 cm/s was due to 3-12 s period waves and swell. The tidal current varied from slack up to maximum of similar to 10 cm/s. Velocity measurements from the two instruments are compared under conditions of both strong and weak current and turbulence level. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1860 EP 1866 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800293 ER PT B AU Bivens, JR Geiger, ML Bird, JL Lapota, D AF Bivens, JR Geiger, ML Bird, JL Lapota, D GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Advances in bioluminescence instrumentation SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The High Intake Defined EXcitation-2 (HIDEX-2) bathyphotometer Is the US Navy standard for obtaining vertical profiles of bioluminescent plankton distributions. The new Over-The-Side Bathyphotometer (OTiS) is a pumped system that stimulates bioluminescence via a constriction of the flow and measures light emission using a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The performance of the OTiS bathyphotometer was examined in relation to the HIDEX-2 bathyphotometer. Results indicate that a linear relationship exists between the two systems. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Labs Serv Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bivens, JR (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Labs Serv Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 1895 EP 1898 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800299 ER PT B AU Xie, GG Gibson, JH AF Xie, GG Gibson, JH GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A network layer protocol for UANs to address propagation delay induced performance limitations SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB This paper provides a description of a novel network layer protocol for underwater acoustic networking (UAN) that provides a mechanism for network control and management enabling the implementation of responsive, self-configuring, adaptable, and scalable networks whose performance are predictable. The protocol draws from the demonstrated efficiencies of multi-protocol labeled switching, dynamic source routing, and multi-constraint based resource allocation schemes. The paper describes the expected benefits of establishing full duplex functionality between network nodes and presents some of the preliminary simulation findings regarding the viability of autonomously determining the network topology utilizing the full duplex node connections. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xie, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2087 EP 2094 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800332 ER PT B AU Blackmon, F Sozer, E Murandian, M Proakis, J Salehi, M AF Blackmon, F Sozer, E Murandian, M Proakis, J Salehi, M GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Performance comparison of iterative/integral equalizer/decoder structures for underwater acoustic channels SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The use of an adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in the demodulation of high speed data transmitted through underwater acoustic channels has been well established. In many channels, however, the performance obtained with the conventional DFE and decoder is not adequate for particular applications. This paper considers four different iterative equalization/decoder techniques for improving the performance of the receiver. One technique uses the hard decisions from the decoder output to feed back to the DFE for making additional passes through the data. The second technique uses the soft outputs from the decoder output to feed back to the DFE. The third technique, termed an integral iterative equalization scheme, is designed to mitigate and correct the errors being fed back to the DFE in a block fashion within the data packet. Finally, the fourth technique, called a turbo equalizer, is an iterative scheme which employs a MAP equalizer and a MAP decoder. These iterative/integral equalization/decoding techniques are applied to convolutionally encoded BPSK and QPSK data received during several field tests, The performance of the iterative equalizer/decoder algorithms is compared on the basis of bit error rate andpacket statistics. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2191 EP 2200 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800349 ER PT B AU Smith, KB Larraza, A Kayali, B AF Smith, KB Larraza, A Kayali, B GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Scale model analysis of full-duplex communications in an underwater acoustic channel SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Due to issues of in-band artifacts produced by a transmitter that would otherwise influence or jam an adjacent receiver in the near field, current underwater acoustic communication systems employ half-duplex algorithms. This limits the information transfer between nodes to exclusively send or receive at any given time. The use of full-duplex communications, allowing simultaneous send and receive protocols to be employed, could help improve data transfer rates and error checking. A direct evaluation of the effectiveness of full-duplex transmissions is investigated in a scale-model, shallow water waveguide. The results of simultaneous two-way communications achieved through the use of adjacent, nonoverlapping frequency bands are presented. In this case, use of appropriate filtering of the receptions is being used to minimize cross-talk between bands. Different elements of the arrays are also assigned specific operating bands in order to help reduce cross-talk. The use of orthogonal signals (such as PRN sequences) over common bands is also discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2250 EP 2255 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800358 ER PT B AU Harris, JD Carpenter, RN AF Harris, JD Carpenter, RN GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Results from the simulation of a decoupled concurrent mapping and localization technique SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Increasing interest by the United States Navy in non-traditional navigation algorithms for Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (UUV) has lead to the development of decoupled concurrent mapping and localization (DCML) techniques. DMCL, though having unbounded errors, provides a potential navigational aid that can increase covertness and limit the exposure of an Unmanned Undersea Vehicle. This paper presents the simulation results of a DCML technique developed by the Navy. The first portion of the paper summaries the DCML algorithm original published in 1998. This technique utilizes a Kalman filter to estimate the location of the vehicle based upon features identified from a forward-looking sonar. A comprehensive vehicle simulator is used to generate the simulated sonar returns as range and bearing to targets. The feature characterization and association process groups and identifies common features between each ping. Lastly, a MATLAB(R) simulation of the DCML technique is presented. Several results are presented from short straights run to longer runs that follow a "mower" type pattern over several thousand feet. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Harris, JD (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Unmanned Undersea Vehicle Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2366 EP 2376 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800378 ER PT B AU Leybourne, BA Adams, MB AF Leybourne, BA Adams, MB GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI El Nino tectonic modulation in the Pacific Basin SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID MICROPLATE AB The Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates, two counterclockwise-rotating microplates along the East Pacific Rise, are considered to be driven by downwelling tectonic vortices, as explained by a more recent geophysical theory known as the surge tectonic hypothesis. These twin microplates underlie the high-pressure cell of the Southern Oscillation associated with El Nino. The Central Pacific Megatrend connects planetary-scale tectonic vortices underlying the Ell Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pressure cells. It connects the East Pacific Rise across basin to the Banda Sea tectonic vortex. The Banda Sea is a triple-plate junction (between the Australian, Pacific, and Southeast Asian plates) just north of Darwin and Is considered an upwelling mantle vortex underlying the low-pressure cell of ENSO. Active surge channels, or geostreams, defined by the newer surge model link these planetary-scale tectonic vortices. The original lead for a trans-Pacific megatrend was from the works of the late A.A. Meyerhoff. He brought attention to this region with the publication of Surge Tectonics: A New Hypothesis of Earth Dynamics [1, 2]. His Insight was based on many years of field study for oil exploration in Southeast Asia, the former USSR, and China, as well as on his background in fluid dynamics. In addition, high-pass-filtered satellite altimetry data from the Geodetic Earth-Orbiting Satellite (GEOSAT) reveal across-basin trends in the gravity geold. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Div Geophys, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Leybourne, BA (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Div Geophys, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2400 EP 2406 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800383 ER PT B AU Bohlin, RC Barron, MC Mohammed, RM Lewis, JK AF Bohlin, RC Barron, MC Mohammed, RM Lewis, JK GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI The application of state-of-the-art oceanographic and meteorological forecasting products to the Hawaiian Islands. SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Since the Hawaiian Islands are important militarily as well as economically, it is essential that accurate and timely analysis and forecasts be provided that can reproduce and resolve major oceanographic and meteorological variations around Hawaii. Here we discuss aspects of ocean-atmosphere modeling being conducted by the Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center/Joint Typhoon Warning Center at Pearl Harbor and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). These include the use of the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) to provide a means for estimating present temperature (T) and salinity (S) conditions in the oceans utilizing satellite data and an historical database relating T and S at a particular time and location. We also discuss the application of the atmospheric component of the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Prediction System COAMPS, a high-resolution meteorological model with an advanced capability to forecast weather features in the 24-36 hour period. Finally, we mention the application of high-resolution ocean models to provide four-dimensional information on currents, T-S structure, and sound speed for operationally important regions around Hawaii. C1 USN, Pacif Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RP Bohlin, RC (reprint author), USN, Pacif Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, 425 Luapele Rd, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2419 EP 2424 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800386 ER PT B AU Crout, RL Diercks, AR AF Crout, RL Diercks, AR GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Mobile Bay response to a strong autumn cold front passage SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc ID SHALLOW; ESTUARY AB Mobile Bay is a shallow embayment in Alabama bordering the northern Gulf of Mexico. A cold front passage during October 2000 decreased air temperatures from 27degreesC to 9degreesC and was accompanied by winds from the north in excess of 16 m/s. The winds generated a significant water level decrease throughout Mobile Bay over a three-day period. Water level decreases occurred in the northern end of Mobile Bay (0.73 m), at the southern end of the Bay (0.27 m), and on the Gulf of Mexico shelf (0.30 m). Winds from four meteorological stations and water levels from six tide stations were low pass filtered. The low frequency response of water level to the winds accompanying the cold front passage was analyzed. The amount of water level change in the Bay was related to the location of the tide station. Correlations between the water level and northerly component of the wind were high and the correlations between the individual water level stations indicate that the water was transported southward over 12 hours. The analysis is consistent with a sustained northerly wind blowing down the axis of Mobile Bay and lowering water level at all locations within the Bay. The water exits through the Mobile Bay Ship Channel and flows across the inner shelf. Satellite-derived sea surface temperatures show the plume moving southwestward over a six-day period. C1 USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, 1100 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2432 EP 2435 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800388 ER PT B AU Cumbee, SC Clay, P AF Cumbee, SC Clay, P GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI A new trawl-resistant bottom mount to support hydrographic current measurement requirements SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO-CEANO) has utilized trawl-resistant bottom mounts (TRBMs) of various configurations since 1992. Deployment weight of some initial packages was 2,850 pounds confined within a 13.5-feet length, truncated pyramid design. Since 1998, cone-shaped units of 375 pounds and 7 feet in diameter have been more frequently utilized. Design of the earlier TRBMs was based on optimal trawl resistance and the available doppler current profiler technology. Acquiring current measurements to support hydrography with those packages was limited due to specialized deployment equipment and space required on the hydrographic vessels. The solution was to design a miniaturized TRBM, utilizing the RD Instruments Workhorse Monitor Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (WHM-ADCP) and a separate battery pack lying sideways. Initially, the miniaturized TRBM will be used to acquire current measurements to meet International Hydrographic Organization (1110) Class A standards aboard the hydrographic ships USNS JOHN MCDONNELL (T-AGS 51) and USNS LITTLEHALES (T-AGS 52). C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Cumbee, SC (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2459 EP 2463 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800393 ER PT B AU Stokes, TL Dunn, DA AF Stokes, TL Dunn, DA GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Acoustic and physical property correlation of marine sediments from the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Analysis of 212 samples from 23 gravity cores obtained on the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf shows that nearshore sediments in the southwestern part of the study area, closest to Corpus Christi, are a mixture of sand-silt-clay and silty clay (using the Shepard, 1954, classification), with clay percentages increasing farther from shore. Deeper-water clays have the lowest sound velocities (1413-1519 m/s), lowest dry densities (2.61-2.65 g/cm(3)), highest porosities (70-80%), and slightly higher calcium carbonate contents (0-5% to 5-10%). Sediments in the northeastern part of the study area, off east Texas and southwest Louisiana, are dominantly composed of sand-silt-clay and clayey sand. These cores have the highest sound velocities (1526-1704 m/s), highest dry densities (2.66-2.74 g/cm(3)), lowest porosities (36-67%), and generally lower calcium carbonate content (0-5%) than cores from the southwestern shelf. A linear correlation exists between acoustic and certain physical properties: an increase in mean grain size (smaller phi numbers), decreased clay content, and lower porosity produces an increase in sound velocity. Sand content and bulk grain density increase as sound velocity increases. No correlation was found between calcium carbonate content and sound velocity. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Anal Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Stokes, TL (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Anal Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2624 EP 2633 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800419 ER PT B AU Gehman, CL Kelly, GV AF Gehman, CL Kelly, GV GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI High-resolution geophysical core logging data from marine sediment core samples SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB Bottom sediment core samples passed through a non-destructive, automated core logging apparatus are analyzed for their geophysical properties. Compressional (p-wave) velocity, wet bulk density (via gamma attenuation method), and magnetic susceptibility measured in unsplit cores are compared to bulk sediment physical properties, engineering properties, and mineralogy. Generally, silty clays and clays have an average sound velocity of 1500 m/s and average wet bulk density of 1.7 g/cc; coarser sediments, including sand, clayey sand, and sand-silt-clay have an average sound velocity of 1600 m/s and average wet bulk density of 2.0 g/cc. Sediment water content seems to affect both sound velocity and wet bulk density independent of grain size. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were taken on 43 cores. The MS data are varied due to the presence and concentration of iron-bearing minerals within the bulk sediment sample. Sediments containing terrigenous material (i.e., fluvial deposits containing igneous and metamorphic rock fragments) tend to have a high magnetic susceptibility response (50-150 SI units); conversely, sediments that contain large amounts of biogenic material (i.e., calcareous marl) usually have a low magnetic susceptibility response (<50 SI units). This information makes possible down-core correlation of the stratigraphic units within a group of adjacent cores. Careful analysis of mass physical properties in conjunction with geophysical parameters may enable geoscientists to predict (model) sea-floor characteristics more accurately. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Labs Serv Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gehman, CL (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Labs Serv Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2634 EP 2641 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800420 ER PT J AU Ozerdem, U Mach-Hofacre, B Keefe, K Pham, T Soules, K Appelt, K Freeman, WR AF Ozerdem, U Mach-Hofacre, B Keefe, K Pham, T Soules, K Appelt, K Freeman, WR TI The effect of prinomastat (AG3340), a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, on posttraumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy SO OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proliferative vitreoretinopathy; posttraumatic; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor ID PENETRATING EYE INJURY; POSTERIOR SEGMENT; NATURAL-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; RABBIT; CONTROVERSIES AB In a search for a pharmacologic adjuvant in the management of posttraumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), we investigated the effect of intravitreal injection of prinomastat (AG3340) on an experimental model. Posterior penetrating eye trauma was created in one eye each of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. One week after the surgery, all rabbits were randomized (1:1) to receive 0.5 mg prinomastat or the vehicle of the drug intravitreally every week for 6 weeks. The degree of PVR for each hemiretina was scored, and the two scores were summed to obtain a total eye score. The mean total eye score was 3.58 in the treatment group and 5.75 in the control group (p = 0.0307). The numbers of eyes with tractional retinal detachment in the prinomastat-treated (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups were 3 and 9, respectively (p = 0.0391). These results suggest that intravitreally administered prinomastat has an inhibitory effect on posttraumatic PVR. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Shiley Eye Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Agouron Pharmaceut, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freeman, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Shiley Eye Ctr, 9415 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07366] NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-3747 J9 OPHTHALMIC RES JI Ophthalmic Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1159/000055636 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 385LX UT WOS:000166006900003 PM 11114600 ER PT S AU Hart, SJ AF Hart, SJ BE Farquharson, S TI Dual fiber optic capillary probe for fluorescence detection using molecularly imprinted polymers SO OPTICAL METHODS FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Methods for Industrial Processes CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE molecular imprinting; fluorescence; fiber optic; capillary ID HYDROCARBONS; WATER AB An optical fiber probe designed for use with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is detailed and evaluated with respect to fluorescence sensitivity enhancements. MIPs are polymeric materials that are selective towards a molecule included in the mixture during the formation of the polymer. MIPs allow the selective analysis of a single analyte contained in a complex mixture through the interactions of the analyte with analyte-specific cavities formed within the polymer matrix. The optical design involves a dual optical fiber probe coupled to a transparent capillary for enhanced fluorescence excitation and emission collection. The inner capillary surface is coated with the MIP to select the analyte of choice while the capillary serves to enhance the fluorescence signal obtained. The selectivity and sensitivity of the MIP probe toward anthracene in water is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3866-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4201 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.417384 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS11Y UT WOS:000168725400014 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ AF Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ BE Sasano, Y Wang, J Hayasaka, T TI Remote sensing of water vapor and thin cirrus clouds using MODIS near-IR channels SO OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND CLOUDS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds II CY OCT 09-12, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP SPIE, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tohoku Inst Technol, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, TRW DE water vapor; cirrus clouds; remote sensing ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a major facility instrument on board the Terra Spacecraft, was successfully launched into space in December of 1999. MODIS has several near-IR channels within and around the 0.94-mum water vapor bands for remote sensing of integrated atmospheric water vapor over land and above clouds. MODIS also has a special near-TR channel centered at 1.375-micron with a width of 30 nm for remote sensing of cirrus clouds. In this paper, we describe briefly the physical principles on remote sensing of water vapor and cirrus clouds using these channels. We also present sample water vapor images and cirrus cloud images obtained from MODIS data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3803-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4150 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.416960 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BS18S UT WOS:000169001200023 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE AF Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE neutral density; thermosphere; satellite drag ID MODEL; MIDDLE AB The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is a mission proposed by the Naval Research Laboratory to monitor the thermospheric neutral density at an altitude of 400km. The mission objectives are to provide total neutral density along the orbit for improved orbit determination of resident space objects. The measurements also provide a critical validation point for the upcoming Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imagers (SSULI) to be launched on each of the five Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft in block 5D3 starting in 2001. In addition ANDE provides two calibration objects for use in the Air Force High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) initiative to help maintain and improve accuracy of the space object catalog. The mission consists of two spherical satellites fitted with retro-reflectors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). One satellite is completely passive, the other carries active instrumentation to measure the partial pressure of atmospheric constituents, GPS positioning, acceleration in all 3 axes, and surface temperature. The active satellite will be fitted with modulating retro-reflectors. The spacecraft telemetry will be transferred to the ground by modulating and reflecting the SLR laser interrogation beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 250 EP 257 AR UNSP 4485-47 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500028 ER PT S AU Wood, KS Determan, JR Ray, PS Wolff, MT Budzien, SA Lovellette, MN Titarchuk, L AF Wood, KS Determan, JR Ray, PS Wolff, MT Budzien, SA Lovellette, MN Titarchuk, L BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI Using the Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) experiment on ARGOS to determine atmospheric parameters by X-ray occultation SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE X-rays; atmospheric density; instrumentation AB The Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) experiment is a multi-purpose experiment built around an X-ray sensor viewing celestial sources. The objectives include both basic research in X-ray astronomy and exploration of applied uses of X-ray sensors in space. The applied uses depend in large part upon exploiting understanding of celestial X-ray point sources. The experiment was launched on February 23, 1999 from Vandenberg AFB, CA aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). USA operated from April 1999 to November 2000. It consists of two proportional counters mounted in a two-axis gimbal for offset pointing from the nadir-pointed ARGOS. We present an overview of the experiment and then describe how it is used to provide a new atmospheric diagnostic that takes the form of redundant sets of atmospheric column density determinations. The data analyzed are energy-resolved photon extinction curves of X-ray celestial sources occulted by the Earth's atmosphere. As each X-ray source is occulted by the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (80-160 km), the density profile is derived from the extinction curve and temperature is derived from the scale height; limited composition information may be derived from the energy-dependence of extinction. These data are compared to standard atmospheric models. This research is the first to study the neutral atmosphere using X-ray source occultations, and complements UV airglow remote sensing techniques used aboard ARGOS that are insensitive to nighttime neutral density. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7620, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 258 EP 265 AR UNSP 4485-48 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500029 ER PT S AU Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Wood, KS Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Kelley, MC Makela, JJ AF Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Wood, KS Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Kelley, MC Makela, JJ BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI An experiment for studying spatial and temporal behavior of the ionosphere SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE ultraviolet; imager; airglow; thermosphere; ionosphere ID SPECTROSCOPY; NIGHTGLOW AB We present the concept for an instrument designed to map and monitor the ionosphere from geostationary orbit. This instrument will be used to study the spatial and temporal behavior of mesoscale (> 10 km) ionospheric structures. The instrument is designed to primarily operate at night as irregularities are generally more prevalent during the evening. The instrument will be sensitive enough to gather a high signal-to-noise image viewing the nadir in approximately 100 seconds. The instrument can also be operated as a limb imager. The instrument will image a 1.6degrees degree field-of-view with 10 km spatial resolution. The experiment will use a two-axis gimbal to point to various points on the limb and disk of the Earth. The instrument consists of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) in-lager and a far-ultraviolet (FUV) imager. The EUV imager will operate at 83.4 nm using a low resolution imaging spectrograph to set the passband. The O II 83.4 nm emission is produced by photoionization of O during the daytime. Above the limb, this emission can be used to determine altitude distribution of the O+ density. The FUV imager will operate at 130.4, 135.6, and 143.0 nm. At night, The O II 130.4 and O I 135.6 nm emissions are produced by primarily by radiative recombination, and therefore these emissions provide useful ionospheric diagnostics at night. During the daytime, the 130.4 and 135.6 run lines are primarily produced by photoelectron impact excitation of 0; however the 130.4 nm line is also excited by resonant scattering of sunlight. The 0 1 130.4 and 135.6 nm lines provide information on the 0 density during the daytime. The instrument will map the daytime N-2 column density using the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands near 143.0 nm. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 266 EP 273 AR UNSP 4485-49 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500030 ER PT S AU Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Fortna, CB AF Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Nicholas, AC Thonnard, SE Fortna, CB BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI The volumetric imaging system for the ionosphere (VISION) SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE ultraviolet; imager; airglow; thermosphere; ionosphere ID SPECTROSCOPY; NIGHTGLOW AB The Volumetric Imaging System for the Ionosphere (VISION) is designed to use limb and nadir images to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of electrons over a 1000 km wide by 500 km high slab beneath the satellite with 10 km x 10 km x 10 km voxels. The primary goal of the VISION is to map and monitor global and mesoscale (> 10 km) electron density structures, such as the Appleton anomalies and field-aligned irregularity structures. The VISION consists of three UV limb imagers, two UV nadir imagers, a dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and a coherently emitting three frequency radio beacon. The limb imagers will observe the 0 II 83.4 nm line (daytime electron density), 0 1 135.6 nm line (nighttime electron density and daytime 0 density), and the N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands near 143.0 nm (daytime N2 density). The nadir imagers will observe the 0 1 135.6 nm line (nighttime electron density and daytime 0 density) and the N-2, LBH bands near 143.0 nm (daytime N-2? density). The GPS receiver will monitor the total electron content between the satellite containing the VISION and the GPS constellation. The three frequency radio beacon will be used with ground-based receiver chains to perform computerized radio tomography below the satellite containing the VISION. The measurements made using the two radio frequency instruments will be used to validate the VISION UV measurements. C1 USN, Naval Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Naval Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 274 EP 280 AR UNSP 4485-50 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500031 ER PT S AU Bernhardt, PA Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Huba, JD Ossakow, SL Djuth, FT Tepley, CA Sulzer, MP Kagan, L Kelley, MC AF Bernhardt, PA Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Huba, JD Ossakow, SL Djuth, FT Tepley, CA Sulzer, MP Kagan, L Kelley, MC BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI Using radio induced fluorescence to determine the horizontal structure of ion layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE sporadic-E layers; ionosphere; artificial airglow; optical emissions; high power radio waves ID SPORADIC-E; E-REGION; PLASMA; WAVES; EVENT; LIDAR AB Two-dimensional images of Sporadic-E layers have been produced using a new technique called radio induced fluorescence (RIF). This technique makes the ion layers glow when being stimulated by high power radio waves. Normally the ion-layers do not radiate visible emissions. Experiments on January 1998 at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico have shown that the layers can be made to glow at 557.7 nm and other wavelengths by illuminating them with radio waves at 3.175 MHz with effective radiated powers of 80 megawatts. The regions of the sporadic-E layers that have electron densities greater than the critical density for reflection of the radio waves emit electrons that collide with and excite atmospheric atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen. A charge-coupled-device (CCD) imager located on the ground is used to capture images of the glowing E-region structures. The camera exposure times were in the range of 15 to 45 seconds. The images obtained using this technique show a wide variety of structures in the sporadic-E layers. Some layers cover the 15 x 30 km region illuminated by the radio wave beam. Other layers show strong modulation of the E-region by neutral wind instabilities. Two-dimensional computer simulations of the coupling between neutral wind turbulence and the ion layers simulate the structure in the images. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 281 EP 291 AR UNSP 4485-51 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500032 ER PT S AU Carruthers, GR Seeley, TD Shephard, KK Finch, MA AF Carruthers, GR Seeley, TD Shephard, KK Finch, MA BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI Pre-flight and in-flight calibrations of the global imaging monitor of the ionosphere (GIMI) on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr ID ULTRAVIOLET AB The Global Imaging Monitor of the Ionosphere (GIMI) is one of the scientific instruments aboard the Department of Defense's Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). GIMI contains two far-ultraviolet electron-bombarded CCD (EBCCD) cameras, with 9degrees-square fields of view. GIMI is intended for far-UV imagery of upper atmospheric and ionospheric airglow and auroras, occultations of UV-bright stars by the neutral upper atmosphere, and deep-space celestial objects and diffuse far-UV background. To obtain quantitative information from the images, an extensive program of calibrations, prior to launch and in-orbit, was required. Laboratory calibrations before launch consisted of imaging monochromatic laboratory UV light sources whose integrated intensities were monitored by separately calibrated photon-counting detectors. The in-flight calibrations involved observations of UV-bright stars, for which previously obtained and calibrated UV spectra exist from previous UV astronomy satellites (such as OAO-2 and IUE). We describe the procedures used in obtaining data for calibration purposes, and for reducing and analyzing the calibration data. We also discuss procedures and results for determining the absolute sensitivities, and their variations with wavelength, position in the field of view, and on-orbit time during the ARGOS mission. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carruthers, GR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7609, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 316 EP 327 AR UNSP 4485-54 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500035 ER PT S AU Budzien, SA Dymond, KF Thonnard, SE Nicholas, AC Diez, DM McCoy, RP AF Budzien, SA Dymond, KF Thonnard, SE Nicholas, AC Diez, DM McCoy, RP BE Larar, AM Mlynczak, MG TI On-orbit characterization and performance of the HIRAAS instruments aboard ARGOS: LORAAS sensor performance SO OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, REMOTE SENSING, AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE RESEARCH IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Optical Spectroscopic Techniques, Remote Sensing, and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE UV; instrumentation; calibration; remote sensing; thermosphere; ionosphere; spectroscopy ID OBSERVING SATELLITE ARGOS; CALIBRATION; QUICK; SSULI AB The Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) has been operating since February 1999 and includes three spectrographs comprising the High Resolution Airglow and Auroral Spectroscopy (HIRAAS) experiment. The HIRAAS instruments remotely sense the Earth's mid-, far- and extreme-ultraviolet airglow to study the density, composition, and temperature of the thermosphere and ionosphere. The Low Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (LORAAS) is a limb scanner coveting the 80-170 nm passband with 1.8 nm spectral resolution. Repeated serendipitous observations of hot O- and B-type stars have been used to improve the aspect solution, characterize the instrument field-of-view, and monitor relative sensitivity degradation of the instrument during the mission. We present the methodology of performance characterization and report the observed performance degradation of the LORAAS wedge-and-strip microchannel plate detector. The methods and results herein can be utilized directly in on-orbit characterization of the SSULI operational sensors to fly aboard the DMSP Block 5D3 satellites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Budzien, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4199-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4485 BP 349 EP 360 AR UNSP 4485-57 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU15J UT WOS:000175162500038 ER PT B AU Young, DK Richardson, MD Briggs, KB AF Young, DK Richardson, MD Briggs, KB BE Aller, JY Woodin, SA Aller, RC TI Turbidites and benthic faunal succession in the deep sea: An ecological paradox? SO ORGANISM-SEDIMENT INTERACTIONS SE BELLE W BARUCH LIBRARY IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organism-Sediment Interactions CY OCT, 1998 CL SC SP Natl Sci Fdn-Chem Oceanography Div, Dept Army, New England Regulat Div, Corps Engineers, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, SUNY, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Univ S Carolina, Belle Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coast Res ID VENEZUELA BASIN; CARIBBEAN SEA; WASTE-DISPOSAL; ABYSSAL-PLAIN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEDIMENTS; FLOOR AB Characteristics of benthic faunal succession following turbidity flows in the deep sea will vary according to the composition of turbidite materials, the spatial scales of deposition, the structure of initial benthic communities, and the frequency of depositional events. Despite a number of uncertainties regarding these effects, we make several generalizations in order to stimulate research on successional responses of benthic fauna to such episodic events. We find no support for a hypothesis formulated on the speculation by Heezen et al. (1955) that there should be, "... a high [positive] correlation between nutrient-rich turbidity current areas and a high standing crop of abyssal animals." There is no definitive evidence for the extensive 'mining' of deeply deposited sediments reported by Jumars and Gallagher (1982) as being a foraging strategy for deposit-feeding benthos in turbidite sediments. The time for complete recovery of the benthic fauna following an episodic deposition of material on the scale of a turbidity flow is postulated to be hundreds to thousands of tears. If viewed as a matrix of dynamic events, the effects of turbidity flows on abyssal fauna are on larger spatial and longer temporal scales than most other deep-sea disturbances and therefore provide the biological framework upon which many of the smaller and shorter term effects are superimposed. In interpreting and reconstructing causes for distributions of deep-sea organisms, benthic ecologists should incorporate a similarly holistic view (i.e., the turbidity current paradigm) as sedimentologists in order to better, understand how the abyssal benthic fauna has adapted to episodic disturbances over geologic time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Young, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS PI COLUMBIA PA COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA BN 1-57003-431-1 J9 BEL BAR LIB PY 2001 IS 21 BP 101 EP 117 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU80U UT WOS:000177077400008 ER PT S AU Ganel, O Adams, JH Ahn, EJ Ahn, HS Ampe, J Bashindzhagyan, G Case, G Chang, J Ellison, S Fazely, A Gould, R Granger, D Gunasingha, R Guzik, TG Han, YJ Isbert, J Kara, T Kim, HJ Kim, KC Kim, SK Kwon, Y Lemczyk, T Oubre, C Panasyuk, M Price, B Samsonov, G Schmidt, WKH Sen, M Seo, ES Sina, R Sokolskaya, N Stewart, M Toptygin, A Voronin, A Wagner, D Wang, JZ Wefel, JP Wu, J Zatsepin, V Zigura, A AF Ganel, O Adams, JH Ahn, EJ Ahn, HS Ampe, J Bashindzhagyan, G Case, G Chang, J Ellison, S Fazely, A Gould, R Granger, D Gunasingha, R Guzik, TG Han, YJ Isbert, J Kara, T Kim, HJ Kim, KC Kim, SK Kwon, Y Lemczyk, T Oubre, C Panasyuk, M Price, B Samsonov, G Schmidt, WKH Sen, M Seo, ES Sina, R Sokolskaya, N Stewart, M Toptygin, A Voronin, A Wagner, D Wang, JZ Wefel, JP Wu, J Zatsepin, V Zigura, A BE Israel, MH TI First results from ATIC beam-test at CERN SO ORIGIN AND ACCELERATION OF COSMIC RAYS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 3 Symposium of COSPAR-Scientific-Commission-E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP COSPAR AB The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) balloon-borne experiment will fly on several 10-day Long Duration Balloon (LDB) flights from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Its main goal is cosmic-ray elemental spectra measurement from 50 GeV to 100 TeV for nuclei from hydrogen to iron. In September 1999 the ATIC detector was exposed to high-energy beams at CERN's SPS accelerator, within the framework of the development program for the Advanced Cosmic-ray Composition Experiment for the Space Station (ACCESS). We present initial results from these beam-tests, including energy resolutions for electrons and protons at several beam energies from 100 GeV to 375 GeV. Results on signal linearity and collection efficiency estimates are also presented. We show how these results compare with expectations based on simulations, and their expected impacts on mission performance. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Ganel, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Panasyuk, Mikhail/E-2005-2012; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015 OI Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00131-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS72Y UT WOS:000171020800026 ER PT B AU Ge, J Kin, BK Berzins, V AF Ge, J Kin, BK Berzins, V BE Sha, E TI A software agent framework for distributed applications SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems CY AUG 08-10, 2001 CL RICHARDSON, TX SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE wrapper and glue; agent; distributed system; JINI; software wrapper AB Software wrapper and glue technology is used to build the architecture for distributed systems. This paper proposes a simple framework using agents to act as interfaces among processes interacting and cooperating to support the wrapper-glue architecture. These agents encapsulate the implementation details and make the network transparent to the running processes. The proposed framework is built on JINI infrastructure and uses Linda TupleSpace type model of communication mechanism for processes to interact with one another. The agent interface is written in Java programming language with two language wrappers, C Library wrapper and ActiveX Component wrapper to support processes written in multiple languages including Java, C++/C, Ada and Visual Basic. The agents can run on platforms with JVM support. This agent framework serves in the development of distributed systems as the "glue" among components for communications. Test examples implemented in various languages are provided. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ge, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-39-0 PY 2001 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV53S UT WOS:000179289500023 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM Sholl, HA Ammar, RA AF McMahon, MM Sholl, HA Ammar, RA BE Sha, E TI Proposed structure of a network security system using dynamic authentication SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems CY AUG 08-10, 2001 CL RICHARDSON, TX SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE network security; intrusion detection; dynamic authorization AB Networks are increasingly important for communicating and commerce in everyday life. Passwords are vulnerable at many points in network routing; their possession allows a masquerading intruder to misuse an account without triggering any alarm. Once admitted, an intruder has all the privileges enjoyed by the account owner. Even if misuse is detected, it is typically after damage to files, systems, commercial property, or privacy has occurred. Intruders should be uncovered while attempting to gain access. Authenticating devices at every access point is logistically impractical; prior exchange of passwords may be unfeasible. This research explores the elements of a real-time dynamic authentication system based on users' behavioral patterns. User behavior is characterized by the commands used, their order and the timing between them. This dynamic approach to user authentication provides intrusion detection, and potential identification using Bayes' Theorem. Differences between current input and models stored in the system may indicate a masquerader, an intruder, or a change in an authorized user's intent. Our work focuses on refining and defining metrics of an approach for dynamic user authentication. We investigate the influence of sample size and state space on our ability to recognize the presence of individuals using a computer system. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-39-0 PY 2001 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV53S UT WOS:000179289500030 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM Wynne, JH AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM Wynne, JH TI Fuel instability studies: The chemical validation of ASTM method D5304 SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel; middle distillate fuels; fuel instability ID DISTILLATE AB The current ASTM (D5304) procedure for determining storage stability involves rather drastic conditions, namely, 16 hours at 90 degreesC and under 100 psig of oxygen. These mandated test conditions give rise to the question, "Does the reaction conditions induce chemical instability, or is it an accurate measure of the true instability process?" Several organo-sulfur functional groups are known to be present in petroleum derived fuels. Thiophenes, benzothiophenes, sulfides, disulfides, and trace amounts of thiols are the organo-sulfur compounds most prevalent. The reaction of organo-sulfur compounds under the ASTM reaction conditions have not been investigated. The purpose of the present research is to determine if the ASTM reaction conditions induce a reaction in an otherwise stable fuel matrix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Fuels Sect, Code 6121, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5-6 BP 561 EP 572 DI 10.1081/LFT-100105274 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 469YD UT WOS:000170842900008 ER PT S AU Anderson, GP Rowe-Taitt, CA AF Anderson, GP Rowe-Taitt, CA BE Chen, YR Tu, SI TI Water quality monitoring using an automated portable fiber optic biosensor: RAPTOR SO PHOTONIC DETECTION AND INTERVENTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SAFE FOOD SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Detection and Intervention Technologies for Safe Food CY NOV 05-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE biosensor; fiber optic; immunoassay; fluorescence ID GIARDIA AB The RAPTOR is a portable, automated biosensor capable of performing rapid, ten-minute assays on a sample for four target analytes simultaneously. Samples are analyzed using a fluorescent sandwich immunoassay on the surface of short polystyrene optical probes with capture antibody adsorbed to the probe surface. Target analytes bound to the fiber by capture antibodies are detected with fluorescently labeled tracer antibodies, which are held in a separate reservoir. Since target recognition is a two-step process, selectivity is enhanced, and the optical probes can be reused up to forty times, or until a positive result is obtained. This greatly reduces the logistical burden for field operations. Numerous assays for toxins, such as SEE and ricin, and bacteria, such as Bacillus anthracis and Francisella tularensis, have been developed for the RAPTOR. An assay of particular interest for water quality monitoring and the screening of fruits and vegetables is detection of Giardia cysts. Giardia lamblia is a parasitic protozoan common in the developing world that causes severe intestinal infections. Thus, a simple field assay for screening water supplies would be highly useful. Such an assay has been developed using the RAPTOR. The detection limit for Giardia cysts was 5x10(4)/ml for a 10-minute assay. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3871-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4206 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1117/12.418742 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BS18W UT WOS:000169001700008 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Nonadditive conditional entropy and its significance for local realism SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; INEQUALITIES; STATES AB Based on the form invariance of the structures given by Khinchin's axiomatic foundations of information theory and the pseudoadditivity of the Tsallis entropy indexed by q, the concept of conditional entropy is generalized to the case of nonadditive (nonextensive) composite systems. The proposed nonadditive conditional entropy is classically nonnegative but can be negative in the quantum context, indicating its utility for characterizing quantum entanglement. A criterion deduced from it for separability of density matrices for validity of local realism is examined in detail by employing a bipartite spin-1/2 system. It is found that the strongest criterion is obtained in the limit g --> infinity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. Air rights reserved. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748510, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748510, Japan. NR 21 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00476-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 393BV UT WOS:000166450100008 ER PT J AU Gammon, D Bonadeo, NH Chen, G Erland, J Steel, DG AF Gammon, D Bonadeo, NH Chen, G Erland, J Steel, DG TI Optically probing and controlling single quantum dots SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Winterschool on New Developments in Solid State Physics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL MAUTERNDORF, AUSTRIA SP Bruker Analytik GmbH, Omicron Vakuumphys GmbH, Oxford Instruments GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum Austri GmbH DE quantum dots; optical spectroscopy; coherent control; qubit; quantum computing; spin ID SHARP-LINE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITON; SPECTROSCOPY; WELL; COMPUTATION AB Results from experiments in which single quantum dots are optically probed and coherently controlled are reviewed. Discussion of the experiments is given in the context of quantum information science and technology. In particular, we consider concepts such as decoherence, coherent control of superposition states and entangled states, and how these concepts arise in experiments involving optical control of single quantum dots. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gammon, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(00)00183-1 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 408UE UT WOS:000167345400015 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G AF Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G TI Analytic and simulation studies of dust grain interaction and structuring SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID CRYSTAL-FORMATION; PLASMA CRYSTAL; FINITE FLOWS; PARTICLES; ATTRACTION AB For dust grains in stationary plasma, a quantitative assessment is made of the effect of centrifugal potential barriers on ion trajectories near a grain. It is shown that in most situations of interest the barriers are weak and only marginally affect the validity of the orbital-motion-limited (OML) theory. The OML theory is then used to show that the electrostatic interaction between grains is always repulsive. The ion-shadowing force is calculated, and it is shown that this force can lead to a weak net attraction between grains at long range, under certain conditions with large grains, dense plasma, and/or low gas pressure. For grains in streaming plasma at or near the sheath, it is shown that nonlinear effects are weak and the grains can be represented as dressed particles interacting via the dynamically shielded Coulomb interaction, which includes wakefields, Landau damping, and collisional damping. The Dynamically Shielded Dust (DSD) simulation code, which is based on this model, is described and a simulation is shown for strongly coupled grains in flowing plasma. The simulation shows ordering of the grains into rigid strings aligned with the ion flow, and looser glass-like organization of the strings in the transverse plane. The presence of strings with odd and even numbers of grains results in stratification of the grains into planes with an alternating structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T89 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.089a00106 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 402LT UT WOS:000166989200024 ER PT J AU Scales, WA Chae, GS Ganguli, G AF Scales, WA Chae, GS Ganguli, G TI Numerical simulation investigation of dust charging effects on electrostatic ion waves in dusty plasmas SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID GRAIN-CHARGE AB A numerical model is described that may be used to investigate important effects of dust charging on ion waves and instabilities in dusty plasmas. The model considers a three species system with fluid electrons and ions and Particle-In-Cell PIC charged dust grains in which the dust charge on the grains varies in time according to the standard charging model. Waves in magnetized or unmagnetized dusty plasmas can be considered. Fundamental effects of dust charging on wave modes which include the dust charge fluctuation mode and damping of ion waves are considered. Also important effects of dust charging on waves produced by the expansion of dust into a background plasma me discussed. Finally an ion acoustic instability that is due to dust charging is investigated. These examples show that there is good agreement with past theoretical predictions on dust charge fluctuation effects and also numerical simulations provide useful additional insight into the physical processes involved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scales, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T89 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.089a00142 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 402LT UT WOS:000166989200032 ER PT J AU Kink, I Laming, JM Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, SR Barbera, M Brickhouse, N Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE AF Kink, I Laming, JM Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, SR Barbera, M Brickhouse, N Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE TI Microcalorimeter/EBIT measurements of X-ray spectra of highly charged ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2000) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CLARK KERR CAMPUS, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO CLARK KERR CAMPUS ID FE-XVII; PLASMAS AB Spectra of highly charged At, Kr, Xe and Fe ions, produced in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT), have been recorded in a broad X-ray energy band (0.2 keV to 10 keV) with a microcalorimeter detector. The first analysis of the Kr spectra has been completed and most of the spectral lines have been identified as transitions of B- to Al-like Kr. Line intensity ratios of Fe XVII have been measured and compared with theoretical models. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osservatorio Astron GS Vaiana, Palermo, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kink, I (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2001 VL T92 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.092a00454 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460CK UT WOS:000170288100131 ER PT J AU Brown, E Meath, WJ Tran, P AF Brown, E Meath, WJ Tran, P TI Rotating-wave approximation for the interaction of a pulsed laser with a two-level system possessing permanent dipole moments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSSING MOLECULAR-BEAM; MULTIPHOTON TRANSITIONS; EXCITATIONS; VALIDITY; FLOQUET; PHOTON; PHASE AB A rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is developed to describe the evolution of a two-level system, which has permanent dipole moments, interacting with a pulsed laser. Comparisons with exact calculations for one- and two-photon excitations involving the two lowest vibrational states of the ground electronic state of HeH+ are given to illustrate the validity of the RWA formula. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. USN, Ctr Air Warfare, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Brown, E (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 AR 013403 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391YC UT WOS:000166383000077 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM Freund, HP Levush, B Antonsen, TM AF Manheimer, WM Freund, HP Levush, B Antonsen, TM TI Theory and simulation of ion noise in microwave tubes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Since there is always some ambient gas in electron beam devices, background ionization is ubiquitous, For long pulse times, the electrostatic potentials associated with this ionization can reach significant levels and give rise to such observed phenomena as phase noise in microwave tubes. This noise is usually associated with the motion of ions in the device; therefore, it is called ion noise. It often manifests itself as a slow phase fluctuation on the output signal. Observations of noise in microwave tubes; such as coupled-cavity traveling wave tubes (CC-TWTs) and klystrons have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, a hybrid model is discussed in which the electron beam is described by the beam envelope equation, and the ions generated by beam ionization are treated as discrete particles using the one-dimensional equations of motion. The theoretical model provides good qualitative as well as reasonable quantitative insight into the origin of ion noise phenomena. The numerical results indicate that the model reproduces the salient features of the phase oscillations observed experimentally. That is, the scaling of the frequency of the phase oscillations with gas pressure in the device and the Sensitive dependence of the phase oscillations on the focusing magnetic field. Two distinct time scales are observed in simulation. The fastest time scale oscillation is related to the bounce motion of ions in the axial potential wells formed by the scalloping of the electron beam. Slower sawtooth oscillations are observed to correlate with the well-to-well interactions induced by the ion coupling to the electron equilibrium. These oscillations are also correlated with ion dumping to the cathode or collector. As a practical matter, simulations indicate that the low frequency oscillations can be reduced significantly by using a well-matched electron beam propagating from the electron gun into the interaction circuit. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1329153]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 297 EP 320 DI 10.1063/1.1329153 PG 24 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392FM UT WOS:000166400600042 ER PT J AU Sevastyanova, TI Yalovega, GE Marcelli, A Mansour, A Soldatov, AV AF Sevastyanova, TI Yalovega, GE Marcelli, A Mansour, A Soldatov, AV TI Nearest surroundings of aluminum atoms and features of the electron structure of Al90FexCe10-x alloys (x=3, 5, 7) SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; EDGE; XAFS AB The spectra of x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were measured at the K-edge of aluminum in Al90FexCe10 - x alloys (x = 3, 5, 7). A theoretical XANES analysis at the Al K-edge was performed for Al90Fe5Ce5 by using the multiple scattering algorithm. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results allowed establishment of the most probable model of local surroundings of aluminum atoms in the alloy system studied. The density of free Al and Fe electron states in the conduction band was determined. It was found that the interaction between Al p states and Fe d states leads to pushing of the former states by the latter ones. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Rostov State Univ, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Caderock Div, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Sevastyanova, TI (reprint author), Rostov State Univ, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RI Yalovega, Galina/N-4544-2013; OI Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PY 2001 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1599 EP 1602 DI 10.1134/1.1402209 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469EE UT WOS:000170801000001 ER PT J AU Murrell, GL Requena, R Karakla, DW AF Murrell, GL Requena, R Karakla, DW TI Oronasal fistula repair with three layers SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FOREARM FLAP; PALATE; RECONSTRUCTION C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Murrell, GL (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Code 0609, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 107 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1097/00006534-200101000-00021 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 387BJ UT WOS:000166100000021 PM 11176613 ER PT B AU Swider-Lyons, KE Weir, DW Love, CT Modi, R Sutto, T Pique, A Chrisey, DB AF Swider-Lyons, KE Weir, DW Love, CT Modi, R Sutto, T Pique, A Chrisey, DB BE Ryan, MA Surampudi, S Jain, M TI Direct-write microbatteries as integrated power sources for microelectronic devices SO POWER SOURCES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Power Sources for the New Millennium CY OCT 22-27, 2000 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Electrochem Soc Energy Tecchnol & Ind Electrolysis Div, Electrochem Soc Electrochem Engn Div ID STORAGE; OXIDES AB We are using a novel laser-based direct-write process to rapidly prototype and fabricate microbattery systems for microelectronics. A range of battery designs and arrays can be fabricated with this low-temperature, ambient-pressure, CAD/CAM process using commercially available materials. The capacity of the batteries can then be tuned to optimize the performance of a specific device. We demonstrate this with the fabrication of planar RuOxHy pseudocapacitors. The width and sizes of the cell interfaces are micromachined with the same laser system to change the capacity of the systems. The cell performance is repeatable and can be easily integrated into arrays to modify the capacity of the system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-289-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2000 IS 22 BP 272 EP 276 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BX93U UT WOS:000186891500031 ER PT B AU Weber, BV Moosman, BG Stephanakis, SJ Fowler, WE Struve, KW AF Weber, BV Moosman, BG Stephanakis, SJ Fowler, WE Struve, KW BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Measurements of surface plasma evolution from a Z current-return structure fielded on Gamble II SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Plasmas generated near conductor surfaces with similar to MA/mm(2) current density are diagnosed on Gamble II (1 MA/100 ns) for conditions relevant to a Z (20 MA/100 ns) wire-array z-pinch configuration. Plasma density greater than 10(14) cm(-3) is detected 1 mm from the conductor beginning 100 ns after the start of the current. The plasma expands with 2 cm/mus velocity. High-density (10(17)-10(18) cm(-3)) plasma migrates more slowly (similar to 0.5 cm/mus) away from the ribs. Three different rib cross sections appear to have little influence on the shape of the expanding plasma or its initial density time-history. Plasma expansion from gold-coated ribs appears to be about the same as from stainless ribs if the stainless ribs are cleaned in acetone prior to the shot. Stainless ribs that are not cleaned appear to generate plasma sooner. Implications for Z experiments and future experiments are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000005 ER PT B AU Sethian, JD Hegeler, F Myers, M Friedman, M Obenschain, S Lehmberg, R Giuliani, J Kepple, P Swanekamp, S Smith, I Weidenheimer, D Morton, D Schlitt, L Smilgys, R Searles, S AF Sethian, JD Hegeler, F Myers, M Friedman, M Obenschain, S Lehmberg, R Giuliani, J Kepple, P Swanekamp, S Smith, I Weidenheimer, D Morton, D Schlitt, L Smilgys, R Searles, S BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI The electra KrF laser program SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID FUSION AB Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron-beam pumped, Krypton Fluoride (KrF) laser that will develop the technologies that can meet the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. Electra will have a 30 cm x 30 cm optical aperture, an output of 400-900 Joules, and run at 5 Hz. The main amplifier will be pumped with two 30 cm x 100 cm e-beams, each with V = 500 kV, I = 110 kA, and t = 100 nsec (flat top). The components that need to be developed are: a durable and efficient pulsed power system; a durable electron beam emitter; a long life, transparent pressure foil structure (hibachi); a laser gas recirculator; and long life optical windows. The technologies developed on Electra will be directly scalable to a full size fusion power plant beam line. We have built a first generation pulsed power system that can produce the necessary pulsed power parameters and repetition rate. This system has operated at 5 Hz for 90,000 shots (e.g. five hours), which is more than ample to develop the laser components. This paper gives an overview of the Electra program, and then concentrate on the results of our research on electron beam generation, transport, and deposition. This includes evaluation of various cathode and hibachi structures, as well as KrF laser modeling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 232 EP 236 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000042 ER PT B AU Mosher, D Krishnan, M Qi, N Coleman, PL Waisman, EM Sze, H AF Mosher, D Krishnan, M Qi, N Coleman, PL Waisman, EM Sze, H BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Current scaling of optimum K-shell x-ray yield and load mass applied to argon gas-puff Z-pinches SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A simple two-level radiation-scaling model has previously been shown to agree with 0.7-MA neon gas-puff and 7-MA aluminum wire-array experiments. Here, the scalings of optimum load mass and peak K-shell yield with current for argon gas puffs are compared with data over an order-of-magnitude current variation. Optimum load conditions are determined by maximizing K-shell yield subject to fixed implosion energy, resulting in peak yield and optimum mass as functions of implosion energy and stagnation radius. The scalings with current result from implosion-energy and implosion-time relations that fit Double Eagle nested-shell argon gas-puff results. Both the maximum-yield and optimum-mass scalings provide good absolute-value fits to the data, including the variation with implosion time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000053 ER PT B AU Cooperstein, G Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Young, FC Hunt, EE Droemer, DW DeHope, WJ AF Cooperstein, G Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Young, FC Hunt, EE Droemer, DW DeHope, WJ BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Rod-pinch diode development for short-pulse radiography using extended-length cathodes SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID FLOW AB Rod-pinch diodes utilize a small-diameter anode rod extending through and beyond the plane of a thin annular cathode.[1] At low voltage (< 1 MV) and short pulse duration (< 20 ns), it is difficult for the space-charge-limited current (SCL) to exceed the critical current necessary for electron beam self-pinching using cathodes thinner than the anode-cathode gap spacing. Because the SCL is proportional to the cathode length and the critical current is independent of it, we have studied multiple-disk, extended-length cathodes for the purpose of achieving critical current early in the pulse. Experiments were conducted on the TriMeV facility at 0.8 to 1.2 MV and 20 to 40 kA with a 15-ns pulse duration. The cathode radius was typically 4 mm with cathode lengths varying from 3 mm to 3 cm. The anode radius was 0.25 mm. As expected, the longer cathodes achieved critical current earlier in the pulse and continued to operate at critical current for the pulse duration. Source diameters measured in the forward direction were about 0.5 mm with doses 1 m from the source in the 0.3- to 0.5-Roentgen range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooperstein, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 438 EP 441 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000093 ER PT B AU Allen, RJ Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Young, FC Bayol, F Charre, P Garrigues, A AF Allen, RJ Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Young, FC Bayol, F Charre, P Garrigues, A BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Adaptation of ASTERIX to positive polarity for 2 to 4-MV rod-pinch diode experiments and diode electrical analysis SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB ASTERIX is a high-voltage (6 to 7 MV), similar to 60-Ohm, similar to 50-ns FWHM pulse generator located at the Centre d'Etudes de Gramat (CEG) in Gramat, France. It has been recently used for the first evaluation of the rod-pinch[l] electron-beam diode as a source for high-resolution, penetrating flash radiography at up to 4 MV (on a 40 to 50-Ohm load).[2] For this evaluation, the generator was operated in positive polarity, i.e., with positive high voltage applied to the inner coaxial electrode. This had never been done before on ASTERIX. Also, it was necessary to eliminate pre-pulse with a vacuum pre-pulse switch to achieve the desired diode behavior. To evaluate the diode physics, the current and voltage at the diode load must be determined. The electrical length of the vacuum section, the front-end architecture, and the design of the voltage probe located on the oil side of the vacuum/oil interface present difficulties in determining an equivalent circuit for inferring the load-voltage time history. In this paper, the modifications made to the ASTERIX generator for this rod-pinch evaluation will be discussed. The limitations encountered will be reviewed and ideas for improvement will be suggested. Also, the design of the rod-pinch hardware will be presented. We will describe the approach taken to determine the load voltage time history. The effects of the pre-pulse on the diode behavior and the performance of the pre-pulse switch will also be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 446 EP 449 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000095 ER PT B AU Weber, BV Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Young, FC AF Weber, BV Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Young, FC BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Plasma-filled rod-pinch diode experiment on Gamble II SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB A plasma-filled rod-pinch diode, fielded on the NRL Gamble 11 generator, may represent a breakthrough in concentrating electron-beam energy into a small volume. Injected plasma connects the grounded cathode to the concentric tungsten rod anode. After a short-circuit phase lasting 10-30 ns, the impedance increases and a large fraction of the electron-beam energy is deposited on the tip of the rod, producing a small, intense x-ray source. As the injected plasma density increases, the current and voltage (at the time of maximum radiation) range from 260 kA and 1.8 MV to 770 kA and 0.45 MV. These parameters imply effective anode-cathode gaps of 130 to 7 mum, far smaller than can be achieved with metal electrodes without premature shorting. The physics of the plasma-filled rod-pinch diode differs from its vacuum analog[ 1, 2, 3]. Current can be convected to the rod tip by plasma translation instead of electron-beam propagation. When plasma is pushed beyond the tip of the rod, a gap can form there by erosion. The high current and voltage, combined with the small anode diameter, may produce record electron-beam power densities (75 TW/cm(2)) and high-energy-density plasma conditions at the rod tip. Potential applications include improved radiography sources, x-ray/matter interaction studies, and high-energy-density plasma generation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000099 ER PT B AU Myers, MC Hegeler, F Friedman, M Sethian, JD AF Myers, MC Hegeler, F Friedman, M Sethian, JD BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Development of a durable, large area cathode for repetitive, uniform electron beam generation SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID EMISSION AB Electra [1] is a large aperture krypton-fluoride laser under development for inertial fusion energy research. The laser will require dual 500 kV, 36 A/cm(2), uniform electron beams operating at 5 Hz. Experimental studies have been performed to develop a 3000 cm(2) cathode capable of generating a 110 kA, 100 ns flat top beam pulse with minimal current density variation (<10%), fast rise time (<40 ns), negligible gap closure (<1 cm/mus), and long lifetime (ultimately 108 shots). Time resolved electrical and optical data from the study of various dielectric fiber, carbon, and metal/dielectric cathodes will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myers, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 710 EP 713 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000159 ER PT B AU Hegeler, F Friedman, M Myers, MC Swanekamp, SB Sethian, JD AF Hegeler, F Friedman, M Myers, MC Swanekamp, SB Sethian, JD BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Studies of enhanced edge emission of a large area cathode SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) laser that will be used to develop the technology required for inertial fusion energy (IFE). A full scale fusion KrF laser will be pumped with electron beams with cross-sections of 2,500 to 10,000 cm(2). Understanding the mechanisms that govern uniform electron beam emission over such large areas is important for the overall system efficiency and durability. This paper presents measurements of the current density along the edge of a large area electron beam. The spatial and temporal current density data is obtained with a Faraday cup array at the anode, and the spatial time-integrated current density is obtained with radiachromic film. MAGIC particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations support the experimental results. Experiments and simulations showed that recessing the cathode minimizes the electric field at the edge and eliminates the edge effect. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6730, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000161 ER PT B AU Giuliani, JL Pechacek, RE Petrov, GM Meger, RA AF Giuliani, JL Pechacek, RE Petrov, GM Meger, RA BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Plasma conditions in a moly-oxide electrodeless bulb discharge SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm ID LAMPS; RADIATION; MECHANISM AB A mercury-free, molybdenum-oxide, electrodeless discharge is describe with potential application to lighting. A spectrum is presented which displays emission in the near UV and throughout the visible region. Plasma diagnostics using spectroscopy and interferometry are presented to obtain the electron temperature and density. The Mo density is estimated from an actinometry approach including a collisional radiative model of the plasma. The low pressure metallic plasma is a non-equilibrium discharge with similar to40 lumens per watt. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1078 EP 1081 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000233 ER PT B AU Schumer, JW Hinshelwood, DD Ottinger, PF AF Schumer, JW Hinshelwood, DD Ottinger, PF BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Large radius transport channel studies for applications on saturn SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB High-current relativistic electron beams (e-beams) produced on the Saturn pulsed power accelerator at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) can be used to generate high dose bremsstrahlung radiation. Typically, multiple concentric ring diodes on Saturn produce currents of approximately 10 MA at voltages of about 1.8 MV. For some applications, radial convergence of the outer rings to smaller radius is required; one convergence technique studied here is Z-discharge transport (ZDT). To study the beam characteristics and transport efficiencies in ZDT channels at various pressures, 2D fluid/PIC hybrid simulations and bench-top experiments are performed in which R-channel similar to L-channel. Self-fields and collisional effects were modeled self-consistently using a tenuous medium model. Although simulations of an idealized ZDT channel demonstrated the efficacy of this scheme, bench-top experiments to generate the required discharge currents and plasma density profiles were discouraging. As an alternative, injection and transport of the e-beams through an un-ionized gas and focused by a current carrying cylindrical wire-array were simulated and found to be promising. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6770,4550 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1320 EP 1323 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000295 ER PT B AU Ottinger, PF Cooperstein, G Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB AF Ottinger, PF Cooperstein, G Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Self-magnetic field effects on electron emission in planar diodes as the critical current is approached SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The self-magnetic field associated with the current in a planar diode is shown to reduce electron emission below the Child-Langmuir current density. As the magnetic field increases, the diode current is limited to the critical current Here, a 1-D analysis is carried out to calculate the suppressed current density in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The emitted current density is found to decrease modestly until the magnetic field associated with the critical current is reached, at which point the emission shuts off abruptly. The 1-D analysis remains valid until orbit crossing occurs as the current approaches the critical current. The minimum diode length required to reach critical current is also derived. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1324 EP 1327 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000296 ER PT B AU Weber, BV Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Moosman, BG Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC Pereira, NR AF Weber, BV Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Moosman, BG Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC Pereira, NR BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI Effect of in-situ pulse-heating of tantalum anodes on the radiation from bremsstrahlung diodes SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Pulse-heating tantalum anodes in bremsstrahlung diodes to > 2600 K results in improved bremsstrahlung production. Proton current (from hydrogen impurities) is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude, beam pinching is suppressed, and the far-field dose is increased by 20%. The dose increase is a result of reduced ion current and enhanced electron reflexing through the sub-range tantalum foil. A stretching mechanism was used to keep the foil flat and taut during heating. The radiation pattern is symmetric and hollow, producing a more uniform near-field dose distribution than for a pinched beam. This technique can be used to improve x-ray production on high-power generators such as Decade. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1348 EP 1351 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000302 ER PT B AU Neri, JM Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Fisher, R Schumer, JW AF Neri, JM Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Fisher, R Schumer, JW BE Reinovsky, R Newton, M TI High-voltage pulse testing of cables on Hawk SO PPPS-2001: PULSED POWER PLASMA SCIENCE 2001, VOLS I AND II, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science/13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Plasma Sci & Appl Comm, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Power Sci & Technol Comm AB The Hawk facility at NRL was used to pulse test Dielectric Sciences(1) 2158 cable to voltages in excess of 900 kV. The motivation for the testing was to assess the utility of these cables to connect elements in a high-impedance inductive voltage adder system. A high voltage pulse was launched at both ends of a long length of cable to obtain high voltage by wave adding in the middle of the cable while limiting high voltage complications at the power feeds to the cables. The pulse width was controlled with a point-plane electron beam diode. Extensive modeling was used to design and analyze the experiment. Potential plotting was employed to design the field shapers used to connect the outer conductor of the cable to the power feeds, and verify that we could expect to achieve appropriately high voltage on the cables. The initial impedance of the point-plane diode was modeled with the MAGIC PIC code. A transmission-line code was used to model the overall circuit and infer the voltage in the cable as a function of position and time. Four lengths of cable were tested. The cable is designed for use as 69 kV AC power cable. Three of the four cables survived pulses in excess of 900 kV before failing, and the fourth cable failed at over 700 kV. Extensive results of the tests on the 2158 cables will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neri, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7120-8 PY 2001 BP 1802 EP 1805 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV33R UT WOS:000178615000420 ER PT S AU Luginbuhl, CB AF Luginbuhl, CB BE Cohen, RJ Sullivan, WT TI Why astronomy needs low-pressure sodium lighting SO PRESERVING THE ASTRONOMICAL SKY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 196th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union held in conjunction with UNISPACE III CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union AB The damage to the dark-sky resource upon which groundbased astronomical observatories depend is substantial and increasing, even at what are considered premier dark-sky sites. Due to its nearly monochromatic output at the Na I resonance doublet near 589 nm, extensive use of low-pressure sodium (LPS) lighting in areas near astronomical observatories offers the potential preservation and even restoration of dark skies at other wavelengths, as well as minimal impact on the lighting needs of surrounding communities. Flagstaff, Arizona, with extensive use of LPS for general area lighting, has shown that this goal can be achieved. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Luginbuhl, CB (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-078-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 196 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU35Q UT WOS:000175748300011 ER PT S AU Luginbuhl, CB AF Luginbuhl, CB BE Cohen, RJ Sullivan, WT TI Using DMSP night-time imagery to evaluate lighting practice in the American southwest SO PRESERVING THE ASTRONOMICAL SKY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 196th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union held in conjunction with UNISPACE III CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Astron Union AB The U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellites provide an opportunity to measure the uplight produced by artificial lighting on the ground. In this study DMSP data are used to measure the integrated at detector radiance of a number of communities in the American Southwest in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of outdoor lighting codes. Use of DMSP data in this manner is complicated by many factors, and some of these are briefly discussed. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Luginbuhl, CB (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-078-1 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2001 IS 196 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU35Q UT WOS:000175748300014 ER PT B AU Gilmore, CM Kim, J AF Gilmore, CM Kim, J BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Critical dimensions for YBCO islands grown by pulsed laser deposition SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE yttrium; barium; copper; oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-delta); high temperature superconductors; pulsed laser deposition; film growth; island dimensions ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; STRAINED ISLANDS; TRANSITION; EPITAXY AB Islands of constant width have been observed during the pulsed laser deposition of films of nominal thickness from 0.7 to 3.0 nm of the material YBa2Cu3O7.delta(YBCO) on substrates of SrTiO3. The critical island dimensions of width, height and spacing were analyzed with classical kinetic and thermodynamic theories. It was determined that the equilibrium island width should be relatively constant at 100 nm for island heights from 16 to 60 nm; whereas, experimentally island heights from 3.2 to 29 nm were observed to have a width of 100 nm. This difference could be explained if the islands formed in a nonequilibrium phase of YBCO, and if smaller islands had not reached their equilibrium width. Larger islands had significant roughening at the top. Calculations predict that these islands would be unstable with respect to surface perturbations. Calculations of relaxation strain energy and surface energy showed that there was excess strain energy available for island heights above 3.5 nm to provide the extra surface energy that would be necessary for surface perturbations to develop. The minimum observed interisland spacing of 36 nm agreed with calculations of the average atom diffusion length (40.6 nm). C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilmore, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 623 EP 626 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600158 ER PT B AU Pande, CS Arora, OP AF Pande, CS Arora, OP BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Role of grain boundaries in high T-c superconductors SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE grain boundaries; supercondictors; critical currents; texture ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; BICRYSTALS AB It is well established that the critical current of even carefully prepared polycrystalline high T-c material is extremely low (in the range of 100-1000 Angstrom/cm(2) at 77K). This value drops further in the presence of even a small magnetic field of a small fraction of a Tesla. On the other hand, the J(c) value for single crystals, in bulk as well as in thin film form, is at least three orders of magnitude higher. We present a detailed explanation of this behavior both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the dislocation strains around dislocation cores are more likely be responsible for such a depression in the critical current. Texture studies have been performed to study the role of grain misorientations. Flux Creep of these materials is also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 709 EP 711 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600180 ER PT B AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of galfenol alloys under large compressive stresses SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE magnetostriction; galfenol; iron-gallium alloys ID FE-GA AB Fe-Ga alloys, in which the alpha-Fe structure is maintained, are rich sources of high strength, low cost magnetostrictive alloys for transducer and vibration reduction applications. Although the magnetostriction of Fe itself is very low, when a relatively small fraction of the Fe atoms are replaced by Ga, the magnetostriction, (3/2)lambda(100), increases greatly. Until recently, the highest magnetostriction was found with the replacement of Fe by Al (Alfenol). In this paper, we present our measurements of magnetostriction on Fe1-xGax, 0.13 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.23, (Galfenol). With the substitution of 19% Ga for Fe in Fe1-xGax, a 12-fold increase in magnetostriction to similar to400 ppm occurs, even though Ga is non-magnetic. In these alloys, the saturation magnetizations remains high, M-s congruent to 1.7 T, and the Curie temperatures are far above room temperature, T-c congruent to 700 C. In most alloys studied, the magnetostrictions and magnetizations are fully saturated in fields less than 300 Oe, even under compressive stresses >100 MPa. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 1711 EP 1714 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600432 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Some challenges in nanomaterials and nanostructures SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE nanomaterials; nanostructures AB With the advent of the NNI, considerable interest has been triggered in the field of nanotechnology. Novel ideas in nanomaterials, nanoelectronics and nanobiotechnology have emerged. More interesting are the confluent nanotechnologies that will inevitably spawn. Multifunctional systems, unconventional data storage, energy conversion and intelligent materials are some examples. The nanomaterials area covers a wide range of materials and structures. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in nanomaterials and highlights a few challenges. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2905 EP 2908 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600736 ER PT B AU Imam, MA Tran, NE Gill, SJ Feng, JR AF Imam, MA Tran, NE Gill, SJ Feng, JR BE Hanada, S Zhong, Z Nam, SW Wright, RN TI Evaluation of hydrogen storage characteristics of misch metal based alloys SO PRICM 4: FORTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE cerium (Ce); hydride; hydrogen storage; lanthanum (La); magnesium (Mg); misch metal (Mm); diffractograph; praseodymium (Pr) ID MAGNESIUM-NICKEL AB Storing hydrogen in the form of reversible (rechargeable) metal hydrides is a viable alternative to low storage density forms such as high-pressure gas or cryogenic liquids. Hydrides offer low volume without the disadvantages of the cryogenics required for liquids or the hazards and inefficiency of gas storage. Although there are many available alloys with useful properties including good volumetric hydrogen capacities, shortcomings remain in the areas of low gravimetric hydrogen content, cost and resistance to impurity gases in the hydrogen used. Conventional hydrides are approaching practical thermodynamic limits, so there is a tendency to look toward the complex hydrides and unconventional alloys as the principal hopes for the future. In the present investigation, emphasis was made on magnesium misch metal alloys as a storage medium for hydrogen. The material was processed into fine-grained powder by ball-milling and the powders were compacted into pellets for hydrogen storage measurements. C1 USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN BN 4-88903-404-8 PY 2001 BP 2913 EP 2915 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV26R UT WOS:000178391600738 ER PT B AU Brizzolara, RA Walch, M Nordham, DJ Hoover, SM Mazzola, MS Burnett, E Licina, GJ AF Brizzolara, RA Walch, M Nordham, DJ Hoover, SM Mazzola, MS Burnett, E Licina, GJ BE Bott, TR Watkinson, AP Panchal, CB TI Pulsed acoustics for biofouling control in heat exchangers and piping systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MITIGATION OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING AND ITS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mitigation of Heat Exchanger Fouling and Its Economic and Environmental Implications CY JUL, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Engn Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, HRTI, Univ Birmingham AB The use of acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge was investigated as a means for controlling biological fouling in a 20-foot long, 2-inch diameter (schedule 40 NPS) titanium pipe with seawater flowing at 2.2 feet per second. In the test described herein, a strap-on pulsed acoustic source was field-tested at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Marine Corrosion Test Facility, Dania, FL over a seventeen-day period. The test results demonstrated that there was less biological fouling on the pipe treated with the pulsed acoustic source than on an untreated pipe used as a control. This paper provides photographs that illustrate the reduced fouling on the pipe treated with the pulsed acoustic device. Additionally, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) images of test coupons show fewer organisms on the acoustically treated pipe. The work necessary to develop the pulsed acoustic technology into a practical device applicable to heat exchangers and condensers is discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brizzolara, RA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-172-6 PY 2001 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BT63V UT WOS:000173566500017 ER PT S AU Todd, MD Nichols, JM Pecora, LM Virgin, LN AF Todd, MD Nichols, JM Pecora, LM Virgin, LN GP SPIE SPIE TI Novel nonlinear feature identification in vibration-based damage detection using local attractor variance SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc ID DIMENSION AB Recent research in the broad scope of structural health monitoring has introduced a somewhat new paradigm within the context of vibration-based damage detection. The incorporation of statistical-based analysis has shown great promise in more accurately assessing the appearance, the location, and the scope (Levels I-III) of damage in structures from measured global vibration properties. One of the most important and least-developed aspects of the newer paradigm is the problem of "feature extraction," or identifying the most appropriate measurands, whether direct or indirect, for sensitively assessing damage. In this paper, we propose a feature extracted from a nonlinear time series involving attractor variance and test it on an eight-degree-of-freedom structure subject to a linear damage model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 438 EP 444 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300069 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Jurkovic, MJ Meyer, JR Turner, GW Manfra, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Jurkovic, MJ Meyer, JR Turner, GW Manfra, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU GP IPAP IPAP TI Angled-grating and photonic-crystal type-II antimonide lasers for high-brightness applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SEMICONDUCTORS AND RELATED SMALL ENERGY PHENOMENA, PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE IPAP CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Narrow Gap Semiconductors and Related Small Energy Phenomena, Physics and Applications (NGS10) CY MAY 27-31, 2001 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN SP Kanazawa City, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Izumi Sci & Technol Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol DE mid-IR lasers; antimonide type-II lasers; alpha-DFB lasers; PCDFB lasers; beam quality; brightness; ion bombardment AB Angled-grating distributed-feedback (alpha-DFB) and photonic-crystal DFB (PCDFB) lasers emitting in the mid-IR are promising sources for applications requiring a combination of high output power and good beam quality. We demonstrate that the beam quality and brightness of wide-stripe alpha-DFB lasers can be significantly enhanced by suppressing parasitic Fabry-Perot-like lasing modes that are not appreciably guided by the angled grating. A factor of 3 increase in brightness is demonstrated by using loss regions, created by bombardment with energetic silicon ions, to block the direct facet-to-facet gain path. Furthermore, it is shown that the beam quality of PCDFB lasers, in which a grating is defined on a two-dimensional lattice, can be improved over a-DFB devices by as much as a factor of 5. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4 CHOME, TOKYO, 105-0004, JAPAN BN 4-900526-14-2 J9 IPAP CONFERENCE SER PY 2001 VL 2 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV19N UT WOS:000178110700037 ER PT B AU Viehland, D Li, JF AF Viehland, D Li, JF BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Hierarchial symmetries in PZN-PT crystals due to symmetry reduction by domain averaging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB An intermediate orthorhombic ferroelectric phase has been found in oriented crystals of (0.92)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.08PbTiO(3) (PZN-PT 92/8). The lattice parameters of this intermediate ferroelectric state have been shown to be equal to those predicted by the adaptive martensite theory. A hierarchy of symmetries is believed to exist on the meso-scale which are due to symmetry reductions by domain averaging. C1 USN, Sea Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Sea Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100026 ER PT B AU Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Newman, HS Kim, WJ Chang, W Horwitz, JS AF Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Newman, HS Kim, WJ Chang, W Horwitz, JS BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Ferroelectric thin films on ferrites for tunable microwave device applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CAPACITORS AB Wideband tunable microwave transmission lines are being developed using pulsed-laser-deposited ferroelectric thin films on liquid-phase-epitaxially grown ferrite thick films. The ferroelectric-ferrite combination makes it possible to independently tune both the inductance per unit length and capacitance per unit length of the integrated structure, and thus, overcome the deleterious effects of modifying the capacitance per unit length on the impedance match of the transmission line. Initial microwave measurements have indicated that both magnetic and electric tuning mechanisms are functional and that the phase velocity can be tuned equally well by either magnetic or electric field. An equivalent differential phase shift can be achieved with a magnetic bias on the order of 320 Oersteds as has been achieved with an electric bias of 21 kV/cm. The effects are additive to first order, allowing for maximum observed total differential phase shift of over 40 degrees at 11.6 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100041 ER PT B AU Powers, JM Moffett, MB Nussbaum, F AF Powers, JM Moffett, MB Nussbaum, F BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Single crystal Naval transducer development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc AB Recently discovered families of piezoelectric Lead Magnesium Niobate / Lead Titanate (PMN-PT) and Lead Zinc Niobate / Lead Titanate (PZN-PT) single crystal materials have generated great interest in the Navy sonar community because of their high 33-mode coupling factor and large saturation strain, thereby potentially allowing sonar transducers with greatly increased bandwidth and power density. The Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) is developing a prototype single crystal high power sonar transducer for potential naval applications. In addition to progress on the transducer development, measurements on the single crystal materials are presented. [This work supported by DARPA and ONR]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Powers, JM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St,Code 2132, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 351 EP 354 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100069 ER PT B AU Amin, A Kulwicki, BM AF Amin, A Kulwicki, BM BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Electromechanical properties of BST for acoustic imaging arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc AB BST capacitors possess excellent dielectric and electromechanical properties near FE-PE phase transition under dc bias field. In this work we mill present the field and temperature dependencies of the electromechanical properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3. Experimental observations will be compared to predictions from the phenomenological theory of ferroelectric phase transitions. Previously developed densely populated two-dimensional BST arrays will be described for potential applications in real time hand-held acoustic camera for underwater divers, medical imaging, and acoustic microscopy. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 491 EP 493 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100102 ER PT B AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Cymbal drivers utilizing relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystal materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc ID FLEXTENSIONAL TRANSDUCER; SOUND PROJECTOR AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is currently investigating the performance of flextensional cymbal-based driver elements for use in a number of Navy-based applications, including underwater sound projectors and vibro-acoustic control. The active material in the cymbal driver has traditionally been a piezoelectric ceramic, namely Navy Type VI (PZT-5H). Standard 6.35-mm diameter cymbals driven by this piezoelectric ceramic exhibit a large axial displacement (1.7 mum @ 100 V/mm - 0.1 Hz) but with a large hysteresis. There is great interest in eliminating this displacement hysteresis from the driver performance, especially in active control applications. Cymbals driven by relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals exhibit markedly higher displacements (2.2 mum @ 100 V/mm - 0.1 Hz) but with no hysteresis. This presentation will compare the displacement characteristics of cymbals driven by a PZT-5H and PZT-4 ceramic to ones utilizing PZN-4.5%PT single crystals as the active material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100118 ER PT B AU Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Magnetron sputtered Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 thin films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc AB Thin films of Ba(1-x) SrxTiO3 (BST) have been deposited by Inverted Cylindrical Magnetron (ICM) and off-axis cosputtering at high sputter gas pressures. The ICM technique uses a single BST target and the off-axis technique uses BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 targets. Films were deposited at gas pressures ranging from 6.7 to 53 Pa and at substrate temperatures from 550 to 800 degreesC. By combining high gas pressures with unconventional geometries the negative ion bombardment of the growing film, characteristic of oxide film growth, has been minimized. This results in well oxygenated stoichiometric BST films. The surface morphology and grain structure were investigated and related to the measured microwave properties. The films had lattice parameters dependent on deposition conditions. Grain sizes were approximately 0.25 mum for most films after an oxygen anneal at 780 degrees C. Both techniques have yielded films having Q > 1000 with tuning of nearly 7%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cukauskas, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 875 EP 878 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100192 ER PT B AU Willard, MA Claassen, JH Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Claassen, JH Harris, VG GP IEEE IEEE TI Magnetic and structural properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline FeNi-based alloys SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 1ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO 2001) CY OCT 28-30, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID B ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Nanocrystalline soft magnetic ribbons, with a composition of (Ni0.78Fe0.22)(89-x)Zr7B4Cux (where x is 0 or 1), were synthesized by melt spinning and subsequent crystallization. The best magnetic properties coincided with the development of a single nanocrystalline phase at annealing temperatures just above the primary crystallization. Differential thermal analysis indicates a 60 degreesC difference between primary and secondary crystallization temperatures. This makes the nanocrystallization process for these materials more difficult than similar alloy systems. The alloy containing Cu exhibited good soft magnetic properties after annealing at 550 degreesC for one hour. Xray diffraction indicated a face-centered cubic phase with an average grain diameter of 8 nm, and vibrating sample magnetometry indicated a coercivity of 13 Oe and a normalized magnetic moment of 71 emu/g. The alloy without Cu showed improved properties for an annealing temperature of 475 degreesC. A small value of 3.7 ppm for the saturation magnetostrictive coefficient was measured in the optimally annealed Fe19.36Ni68.64Zr7B4Cu1 alloy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7215-8 PY 2001 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1109/NANO.2001.966392 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BT59Y UT WOS:000173446400011 ER PT S AU Kiriakidis, K Bishop, BE AF Kiriakidis, K Bishop, BE GP AACC AACC AACC TI On the analysis of uncertain hybrid systems with estimated-state feedback SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB In this paper we present an analysis technique for hybrid linear systems using observers for state feedback control. We present a stability proof for such systems under sector bounded dynamic uncertainties, and discuss the implications of observer feedback for hybrid systems. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, 118 Maryland Ave Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 212 EP 216 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300038 ER EF