FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sanjoh, A Tsukihara, T Gorti, S AF Sanjoh, A Tsukihara, T Gorti, S TI Surface-potential controlled Si-microarray devices for heterogeneous protein crystallization screening SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL SANDESTIN, FLORIDA DE surface processes; single crystal growth; biological macromolecules; proteins ID ADSORPTION AB Fundamental investigations of protein crystallization using microarrayed multiple cell Si-devices were proposed for achieving heterogeneous nucleation/crystallization and also for screening experiments. Surface-potential (C-potential) controlled nucleation and crystallization sites made from deposited thin-film semiconductor and insulating materials were fabricated on the surface of each crystal growth cell. zeta -potential measurement using the electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometric method showed that both of ionic strength and pH values had a great influence on the potential of solid material surfaces, such as n/P-Si, SiO2, Si3N4, and Al2O3, and also protein ones. Isoelectric point of protein was influenced and shifted with the ionic strength, but point of zero charge of our solid material surface was still unchanged. Then the conventional microarrayed configuration was adopted in our device, but each unit well was composed of single reservoir and paired multiple crystal growth cells to prepare the protein droplets of different buffer and precipitant concentrations. The number of our multiple growth cells in a unit well was at least 2, and the available volume for protein drop ranged from 1 to 10 mul. This cell configuration and sample preparation was expected to cover the whole effective pH and concentration regions for heterogeneous nucleation and crystallization and accordingly accelerate the screening experiments without changing conventional reagents and protocols. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Prot Res, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanjoh, A (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Prot Res, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2001 VL 232 IS 1-4 BP 618 EP 628 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01057-0 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 473KL UT WOS:000171042700076 ER PT J AU Tischler, M Gaskill, K AF Tischler, M Gaskill, K TI Special issue on the tenth biennial workshop on organometallic vapor phase epitaxy - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tischler, M (reprint author), 1401 W Saltsage Dr, Phoenix, AZ 85045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1369 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0184-y PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 491DY UT WOS:000172093800001 ER PT J AU Burlaga, LF Harvey, KL Sheeley, NR AF Burlaga, LF Harvey, KL Sheeley, NR TI A transitory corotating stream, a short-lived coronal hole, and related magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURED SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; FLUX TRANSPORT; MASS EJECTIONS; ORIGIN; INTERFACES; EVOLUTION; MINIMUM; ULYSSES; PLASMA AB We discuss some implications of the finite lifetime of a short-lived near-equatorial coronal hole for the structure of a corresponding transitory corotating stream and magnetic field in the heliosphere. The discussion is based on the illustrative example of a corotating stream that was observed by the Wind spacecraft in the ecliptic at 1 AU in early 1998 and the associated solar observations. The transitory corotating stream was associated with a near-equatorial coronal hole that formed, persisted for at least two solar rotations, and disappeared, all in response to the magnetic flux in evolving active regions. The corotating stream recurred for two solar rotations, and its emission time, based on the coronal hole observations, was approximate to 66 +/- 6 days. The intersection of the resulting corotating stream with the ecliptic plane has the form of a spiral-shaped object with a radial extent on the order of 19 +/- 2 AU. The magnetic field configurations in transitory corotating streams are not known. One possibility is that the transitory corotating stream originates from a localized near-equatorial coronal hole, possibly a member of a pair of coronal holes, joined by a flux tube, which evolve together. Such a transitory corotating stream could carry the flux tube through the corona and heliosphere. Another possibility is that the transitory corotating stream is the result of the latitudinal motion and deformation of the boundary of a polar coronal hole and the associated redistribution of a constant amount of open magnetic flux. Models and further observations of transitory corotating streams and their magnetic fields are needed in order to better understand them. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Solar Phys Res Corp, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burlaga, LF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Code 692,Bldg 2,Room 127, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM burlaga@lepvax.gsfc.nasa.gov; kharvey@sprchq.com; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A11 BP 24915 EP 24922 DI 10.1029/2001JA000043 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 490JT UT WOS:000172049300035 ER PT J AU Neupert, WM Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Plunkett, SP AF Neupert, WM Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Plunkett, SP TI Eruption and acceleration of flare-associated coronal mass ejection loops in the low corona SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOHO EIT OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY; SOLAR ERUPTIONS; SUN; TRANSIENT; LASCO; WAVES AB Observations made by the EUV imaging telescope (EIT) and the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on board the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) have been used to characterize the eruption and acceleration of flare-associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the low corona. For three well-observed limb events we tracked CME loops back to preexisting but faint EUV-emitting loops at heights of 100-250 Min that initially brightened slowly and possibly increased slowly in height, apparently in response to filament activity and eruption in the associated active regions. Subsequent CME acceleration coincided with a rapid rise of the soft X-ray flux, occurred between 100 and 350 Mm above the surface, and may have been as high as 0.5 km s(-1) s(-1), consistent with an impulsive acceleration of the CME to the speeds observed in subsequent white-light observations. The existence of a delay of up to 30 min observed between initial filament eruption in H alpha and subsequent high acceleration of the CME in one event implies that there may have been two separate phases of magnetic reconnection, with the initial filament activity acting as a trigger for subsequent CME and energetic particle acceleration in the impulsive stage of the flare. The presence or absence of this impulsive phase may provide a basis for the two types of CMEs that have been discussed in the literature. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Raytheon STX Corp, Lanham, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neupert, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Code R-E-SE,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 37 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A11 BP 25215 EP 25225 DI 10.1029/2000JA004012 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 490JT UT WOS:000172049300060 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ AF Tylka, AJ TI New insights on solar energetic particles from Wind and ACE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; ADVANCED-COMPOSITION-EXPLORER; CHARGE-STATE MEASUREMENTS; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; IONIC CHARGE; DRIVEN SHOCKS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; NUCLEONIC ABUNDANCES; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER AB Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are occasional bursts of high-energy particles from the Sun. Because of their episodic, highly variable, and (presently) unpredictable nature, these events are one of the primary constraints on the technological utilization of space and in the design and operation of space systems. New instruments on Wind and ACE, with geometry factors that are similar to 100 times larger than those of previous solar cycles, have yielded unprecedented observations of temporal evolution in composition and spectra over a wide range of energies and species. These new results address some of the key physics that governs SEP production. Of particular importance in very large SEP events are transport effects due to proton-generated Alfven waves and the evolving nature of the coronal mass ejection driven shock. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gamma & Cosm Ray Astrophys Branch, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gamma & Cosm Ray Astrophys Branch, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Sci, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 93 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A11 BP 25333 EP 25352 DI 10.1029/2000JA004028 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 490JT UT WOS:000172049300070 ER PT J AU Brice, GT Graber, NL Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL AF Brice, GT Graber, NL Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL TI Expression of the chemokine MIG is a sensitive and predictive marker for antigen-specific, genetically restricted IFN-gamma production and IFN-gamma-secreting cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE chemokines; cytokines; CD8(+) T lymphocytes; IFN-gamma ID IN-VIVO; T-CELLS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PEPTIDE BINDING; INTERFERON; EPITOPE; MALARIA; CYTOKINES; CRG-2; IL-12 AB The evaluation of antigen-specific immune responses is critical for understanding the mechanisms of immune protection and for establishing the efficacy of candidate vaccines. Here, we describe a novel assay for IFN-gamma activity which is based on the flow cytometric detection of the chemokine, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) as a sensitive and predictive measure of IFN-gamma -mediated effector function, and a surrogate marker for IFN-gamma -producing cells. Upregulation of MIG expression was demonstrated following in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with defined CD8(+) T-cell epitopes derived from influenza virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and was antigen-specific, genetically restricted and dependent on both CD8(+) T cells and IFN-gamma. Furthermore, antigen-specific MIG expression was also demonstrated with Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) peptides, using PBMCs from volunteers immunized with irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites. In multiple parallel experiments, the MIG assay was compared to conventional IFN-gamma ELISPOT, IFN-gamma ELISA, MIG ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining assays. The level of MIG expression was shown to be directly associated with the number of IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFCs) detected by ELISPOT (r(2) = 0.94). Moreover, in all instances where cultures were considered positive by ELISPOT, a higher stimulation index was noted with the MIG assay as compared with the ELISPOT assay (on average at least threefold higher) and, in some cases, responses as detected by the MIG assay were significant, but the corresponding response as measured by ELISPOT was not significant. Finally, the flow-based MIG assay offers a number of practical and technical advantages over the ELISPOT assay. Our data validate this novel method for the detection of low as well as high levels of antigen- specific and genetically restricted IFN-gamma activity. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave Lab 3W16, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00446-X PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 489JT UT WOS:000171988800006 PM 11687239 ER PT J AU Self, RFL A'Hearn, P Jumars, PA Jackson, DR Richardson, MD Briggs, KB AF Self, RFL A'Hearn, P Jumars, PA Jackson, DR Richardson, MD Briggs, KB TI Effects of macrofauna on acoustic backscatter from the seabed: Field manipulations in West Sound, Orcas Island, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS AB Previous observations with a bottom-mounted, radially scanning sonar (BAMS) at 40 kHz suggested that macrofaunal activities influence low-angle, acoustic backscatter from seafloor sediments. In order to test that possibility experimentally, we measured and modeled time series of backscatter strength at both 40 and 300 kHz prior to manipulation and then introduced several macrofaunal species at known abundances to randomly selected locations within the ensonified area. We worked in West Sound, Orcas Island, Washington, at a water depth of 20.4 m and for the more frequently recorded 40-kHz series extracted effects by the time-series method known as "intervention analysis," wherein the intervention was the experimental alteration. We observed increased backscatter from patches of the small protobranch bivalve Acila castrensis, and of the cockle Clinocardium nuttali, from bait used as chum for fishes and crabs, and from tethered crabs (Cancer magister); other treatments showed no significant change. All of the effective treatments involved increased backscatter at 300 kHz from animals that have obvious hard parts or air bladders. Power calculations for intervention analysis and geoacoustic modeling suggest that failure of other treatments to show significant effects on backscatter strength stems from the small size of the organisms and structures used relative to the 40-kHz wavelength (3.7 cm) and to low sound-speed contrasts between surficial sediments at this site and overlying water (at both frequencies), producing low backscatter levels from both volume heterogeneity and surface microtopography. This experiment demonstrates, however, that low-angle acoustic backscatter can be used to observe at least some populations of benthic animals over a large area (ca. 8000 m(2)) and that intervention analysis can be a useful tool where logistics permit repeated observation but few or no spatial replicates-frequently the case in ecological manipulations. C1 Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jumars, PA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, 193 Clarks Cove Rd, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. EM jumars@maine.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 EI 1543-9542 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 59 IS 6 BP 991 EP 1020 DI 10.1357/00222400160497742 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 508MQ UT WOS:000173093200007 ER PT J AU Modi, R Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB AF Modi, R Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Gilmore, CM Chrisey, DB TI Direct writing of polymer thick film resistors using a novel laser transfer technique SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; METAL-DEPOSITION; CONDUCTION AB Polymer thick film (PTF) resistors were fabricated using a new laser-based transfer technique called matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE-DW). MAPLE-DW is a versatile direct writing technique capable of writing a wide variety of materials on virtually any substrate in air and at room temperature. Epoxy-based PTF resistors spanning four decades of sheet resistances (10 Omega /sq. to 100 k Omega /sq.) were deposited on alumina substrates under ambient conditions. Electrical characteristics or these MAPLE-DW deposited resistors were studied at a wide frequency range (I MHz to 1.8 GHz), and the results were explained through an equivalent circuit model and impedance spectroscopy. Temperature coefficient of resistance measurements for the PTF resistors were performed between 25 and 125 degreesC. The results based on the percolation theory were used to explain the temperature dependence of the resistance behavior of the PTF resistors. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20052 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM modi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3214 EP 3222 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0443 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 489YL UT WOS:000172020600030 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP Jones, HN AF Cooper, KP Jones, HN TI Microstructural evolution in rapidly solidified Al-Cu-Si ternary alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC FLOW AB Several Al-Cu-Si alloys were melt spun to produce stable, fine scale microstructures suitable for superplastic deformation and consolidation. Scanning electron microscopy of the ribbon cross-sections reveal two distinct alternating microstructural morphologies, suggesting transitions in solidification behavior. One structure consists of intimately interlocked alpha -Al and theta (Al2Cu) phases with dispersed spheroids of (Si). The other structure consists of equiaxed or cellular-dendritic alpha -Al with interdendritic theta and (Si). The latter was found in the middle portion of the ribbon cross-section when cast at a low speed, and throughout the ribbon cross-section when cast at high speed. The dendritic structure appears to result from independent nucleation events in the undercooled liquid ahead of the solid-liquid interface. The solidification mechanism for the interlocked structure appears to involve multiple nucleation of the theta phase followed by its cooperative growth with the alpha -Al phase. This cooperative growth is unlike that which forms a lamellar structure, as it results in a branched, randomly oriented network. We postulate that the (Si) phase is the first phase to form from the undercooled liquid, and it is uniformly dispersed throughout the undercooled melt. The (Si) spheroids provide nucleation sites for the theta phase because of its observed association with the theta phase. The alpha -Al grain size varies from 1 mum near the wheel side surface of the ribbon to 8 mum with sub-grains near the free surface. The size of the theta and (Si) phases is on the order of a mum and less. The microstructural size scale appears to be small enough for this material to exhibit superplastic behavior when deformed. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 36 IS 22 BP 5315 EP 5323 DI 10.1023/A:1012434926602 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 484ZQ UT WOS:000171727000002 ER PT J AU Price, RR Gaber, BP Lvov, Y AF Price, RR Gaber, BP Lvov, Y TI In-vitro release characteristics of tetracycline HCl, khellin and nicotinamide adenine dineculeotide from halloysite; a cylindrical mineral SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE microtubules; entrapment; controlled delivery; microcylinders; microencapsulation AB The use of halloysite clay as a low cost alternative to more traditional microencapsulation systems is reported. Halloysite is an alumino-silicate clay which demonstrates a predominately cylindrical geometry, uniquely characterized by a hollow core or series of voids with diameters ranging from 16-50 nm. These nanoscale-to-mesoscale microcylinders are capable of entrapping active agents within the core lumen as well as within any void spaces contained in the multilayered walls of the cylinder. Some of the active agents associated with the clay are also bound to the external surfaces of the clay. Delivery of the active agent is first by desorption of the active agent from the exterior surfaces and exposed ends of the microcylinders, and is followed by a second more prolonged phase dominated by pore diffusion from the ends of the cylinders. Halloysite is capable of retaining and releasing a range of active ingredients. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents may be entrapped following appropriate pre-treatment of the clay to render it lipophilic. Here, a unique low cost alternative microcylindrical delivery system: the clay mineral halloysite, is investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Price, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012 NR 11 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 8 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 18 IS 6 BP 713 EP 722 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 483HB UT WOS:000171626600002 PM 11695636 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Ngai, KL AF Casalini, R Ngai, KL TI Structural dependence of fast relaxation in glass-forming substances and correlation with the stretch exponent of the slow structural alpha-relaxation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Structure on Non-Crystalline Materials (NCM 8) CY AUG 06-11, 2000 CL UNIV WALES, ABERYSTWYTH, WALES SP Corning Glass, British Nucl Fuels plc, Pilkington plc, Soc Glass Technol HO UNIV WALES ID BAND DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; FAST DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; PLASTIC CRYSTAL; MOLECULAR GLASS; FORMER B2O3; TRANSITION AB The fast relaxation in glass-forming substances is often identified with the beta -relaxation of the idealized mode coupling theory (MCT), which involves a critical temperature, T-c, higher than the glass transition temperature, T-g. However, several recent experimental works indicate that the fast relaxation may not be so simply described. These findings include the breakdown of the predictions of the idealized MCT below T-c in 0.4Ca(NO3)(2)-0.6KNO(3) (CKN) and ortho-terphenyl (OTP), the existence of the fast relaxation also in crystalline OTP, and the flat dielectric susceptibility minimum (i.e., nearly frequency independent or constant loss) observed in CKN and propylene carbonate at temperatures below T-c. These experimental facts indicate that the fast relaxation observed below T-c is outside the predictions of the idealized MCT and a recent two-component schematic model of MCT, which includes hopping. It is unlikely that this non-MCT fast relaxation existing below T-c will abruptly vanish at temperatures above T-c. The need for an alternative model of the fast relaxation not only below but also above T-c is thus clear. We analyzed susceptibility spectra of many glass-formers with the assumption that the susceptibility minimum is caused by a temperature dependent near constant loss. Good fits to the susceptibility spectra were obtained and in the process the near constant loss was determined as a function of temperature. When compared in a plot against T-g-scaled temperature, the near constant losses of different glass-formers exhibited a pattern that correlates with the stretch exponent, beta (alpha)(T-g), of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function which describes the time dependence or the Structural alpha -relaxation at T-g. The correlation suggests that the fast relaxation and the slow structural alpha -relaxation are both determined by the same factor, which we attribute to the anharmonic intermolecular potential of interactions between the molecules. The fast relaxation is suggested to be the relaxation of a vibration by anharmonicity. The vibration is likely the one that attempts to relax the structure of the glass-former. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6807,Bldg 208,Room 224, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 2001 VL 293 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00832-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 489CL UT WOS:000171974400047 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW McDermott, PM AF Kwon, YW McDermott, PM TI Effects of void growth and nucleation on plastic deformation of plates with fluid-structure interaction SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID QUADRILATERAL SHELL ELEMENT; ONE-POINT QUADRATURE; DRILLING DEGREES; FINITE-ELEMENT; FREEDOM; MEMBRANE; STRAIN; STRESS; STABILIZATION; DAMAGE AB A plate-bending formulation was developed from a three-dimensional solid. The plate element includes both transverse shear and normal deformations and the transverse gradient load (TGL) which is associated with the transverse normal deformation. The element utilizes reduced integration along the in-plane aves and full integration along the transverse axis. The formulation incorporates Gurson's constitutive model for void growth and plastic deformation. An algorithm for stable solutions of the nonlinear constitutive equations is also discussed. Hourglass mode control is provided by adding a small fraction of internal force determined through full integration along the in-plane axes and reduced integration along the transverse axis. Numerical examples are presented for plastic deformation of a plate with fluid-structure interaction to examine the effects of void growth and nucleation in plastic deformation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2001 VL 123 IS 4 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1115/1.1400740 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 501EE UT WOS:000172669200014 ER PT J AU Yu, KH Wilson, KJ Schadow, KC AF Yu, KH Wilson, KJ Schadow, KC TI Effect of flame-holding cavities on supersonic-combustion performance SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 35th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUN 20-24, 1999 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID TRAPPED-VORTEX COMBUSTOR; SHEAR LAYERS; FLOW AB An experimental study was performed to evaluate the flame-holding and mixing enhancement characteristics of supersonic reacting flow over acoustically open cavities. Several configurations of acoustically open cavities were placed inside a supersonic-combustion duct just downstream of the fuel injection ports. The resulting changes in flame behavior and combustion characteristics were assessed using schlieren visualization of the unconfined flow and wall pressure measurements of the confined flow along the duct. The results were then compared with the baseline case, which used no cavity. Although the cavities improved the combustion performance from the baseline, the amount of enhancement was dependent on the particular shape of the cavity as well as the flow conditions. Certain cavity configurations that were strategically placed inside the combustion duct led to a faster increase in the axial pressure force. The data showed that the recovery temperature was higher and the total pressure profile was more uniform at the exit plane, suggesting enhanced volumetric beat release and faster mixing associated with the cavity- influenced flowfield. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Yu, KH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1287 EP 1295 DI 10.2514/2.5877 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 495AA UT WOS:000172317000021 ER PT J AU Brown, CW AF Brown, CW TI Improved projection for cylindrical algebraic decomposition SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFIER ELIMINATION; SYSTEMS AB McCallum's projection operator for cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) represented a huge step forward for the practical utility of the CAD algorithm. This paper presents a simple theorem showing that the mathematics in McCallum's paper actually point to a better projection operator than he proposes-a reduced McCallum projection. The reduced projection has the potential to not simply speed up CAD computation for problems that are currently solvable in practice, but actually increase the scope of problems that can realistically be attacked via CADs. Additionally, the same methods are used to show that McCallum's projection can be reduced still further when CAD is applied to certain types of commonly occurring quantifier elimination problems. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 447 EP 465 DI 10.1006/jsco.2001.0463 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 487GT UT WOS:000171865900001 ER PT J AU Gomez, JT Shukla, A AF Gomez, JT Shukla, A TI Static and dynamic behavior of damaged concrete and granite in compression SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE dynamic compressive strength; static compressive strength; damage; concrete; granite ID TESTS AB Static and dynamic compression experiments were performed on concrete and granite specimens with various levels of induced damage. Damage was induced into the specimens by repeated impacts from a falling weight and quantified as a measure of damage crack surface area per volume using a statistical microscopy technique. The static experiments were per-formed following ASTM standard procedures. The static compressive strength of both materials decreased with increasing levels of damage. The reduction in strength is due to the induced damage causing the activation and propagation of failure cracks in the specimens. The dynamic experiments were conducted using a 50.5 min diameter Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The undamaged dynamic compressive strengths of both the concrete and granite were approximately twice their static values at average strain rates of 380/s and 400/s, respectively. However, as the damage levels were increased, the dynamic compressive strength remained unchanged. For the dynamic experiments, the strain energy is stored in the specimen faster than the cracks can develop and coalesce to completely fail the specimen. Therefore, the relatively small amounts of induced damage did not affect the dynamic compressive strength. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Gomez, JT (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 29 IS 6 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 497LL UT WOS:000172456900007 ER PT J AU Drumheller, DM Gragg, RF AF Drumheller, DM Gragg, RF TI Evaluation of a fundamental integral in rough-surface scattering theory SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An algorithm. is presented for the numerical evaluation of a fundamental but intractable integral that occurs in the physical theory of scattering from random rough surfaces. It is based on a rational-function approximation to an integrand factor, augmented with techniques for excluding poles and zeros from the path of integration. Examples, complete with error analysis, are provided for cases relevant to acoustic sea-floor and sea-surface scattering. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Drumheller, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 110 IS 5 BP 2270 EP 2275 DI 10.1121/1.1412445 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 492GN UT WOS:000172160200003 PM 11757916 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN del Rio, JA Humenik, JA Garcia, EO Ramirez, AM AF Kostoff, RN del Rio, JA Humenik, JA Garcia, EO Ramirez, AM TI Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; IMPACT; PHYSICS AB Identifying the users and impact of research is important for research performers, managers, evaluators, and sponsors. It is important to know whether the audience reached is the audience desired. It is useful to understand the technical characteristics of the other research/development/applications impacted by the originating research, and to understand other characteristics (names, organizations, countries) of the users impacted by the research. Because of the many indirect pathways through which fundamental research can impact applications, identifying the user audience and the research impacts can be very complex and time consuming. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach for identifying the pathways through which research can impact other research, technology development, and applications, and to identify the technical and infrastructure characteristics of the user population. A novel literature-based approach was developed to identify the user community and its characteristics. The research performed is characterized by one or more articles accessed by the Science Citation Index (SCI) database, beccause the SCI's citation-based structure enables the capability to perform citation studies easily. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Energia, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico. NOESIS Inc, Manassas, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/C-2125-2009 OI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/0000-0001-6180-0608 NR 22 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1532-2882 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 52 IS 13 BP 1148 EP 1156 DI 10.1002/asi.1181 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 485KG UT WOS:000171753100006 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Amling, CL Schenkman, NS Monga, M Ward, JF Piper, NY Bishoff, JT Kane, CJ AF Borboroglu, PG Amling, CL Schenkman, NS Monga, M Ward, JF Piper, NY Bishoff, JT Kane, CJ TI Ureteral stenting after ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi: A multi-institutional prospective randomized controlled study assessing pain, outcomes and complications SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ureteroscopy; ureteral calculi; urinary calculi; stents ID BALLOON DILATION; MANAGEMENT; REMOVAL AB Purpose: We compare postoperative pain, stone-free rates and complications after ureteroscopic treatment of distal ureteral calculi with or without the use of ureteral stents. Materials and Methods: A total of 113 patients with distal ureteral calculi amenable to ureteroscopic treatment were prospectively randomized into stented (53) and unstented (60) groups. Stones were managed with semirigid ureteroscopes with or without distal ureteral dilation and/or intracorporeal lithotripsy. Preoperative and postoperative pain questionnaires were obtained from each patient. Patients with stents had them removed 3 to 10 days postoperatively. Radiographic followup was performed postoperatively to assess stone-free rates and evidence of obstruction. Results: Six patients randomized to the unstented group were withdrawn from the study after significant intraoperative ureteral trauma was recognized, including 3 ureteral perforations, that required ureteral stent placement, leaving 53 with stents and 54 without for analysis. Patients with stents had statistically significantly more postoperative Rank pain (p = 0.005), bladder pain (p < 0.001), urinary symptoms (p = 0.002), overall pain (p < 0.001) and total narcotic use (p < 0.001) compared to the unstented group. Intraoperative ureteral dilation or intracorporeal lithotripsy did not statistically significantly affect postoperative pain or narcotic use in either group (p > 0.05 in all cases). Overall mean stone size in our study was 6.6 mm. There were 4 (7.4%) patients without stents who required postoperative readmission to the hospital secondary to flank pain. All patients (85%) who underwent imaging postoperatively were without evidence of obstruction or ureteral stricture on followup imaging (mean followup plus or minus standard deviation 1.8 +/- 1.5 months), and the stone-free rate was 99.1%. Conclusions: Uncomplicated ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi with or without intraoperative ureteral dilation can safely be performed without placement of a ureteral stent. Patients without stents had significantly less pain, fewer urinary symptoms and decreased narcotic use postoperatively. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Naval Hosp Okinawa, Dept Urol, Okinawa, Japan. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Borboroglu, PG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1651 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65646-7 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 481YC UT WOS:000171547200009 PM 11586195 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS McFarland, JT Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL AF Johnstone, PAS McFarland, JT Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL TI Efficacy of digital rectal examination after radiotherapy for prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; radiotherapy; prostatectomy; follow-up studies ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; FOLLOW-UP AB Purpose: Digital rectal examination is widely performed for following patients with localized prostate cancer after definitive therapy. This examination has marginal efficacy for detecting initial prostate cancer and postoperative recurrence. To determine the efficacy of digital rectal examination in terms of new information provided after radiotherapy we analyzed the results of digital rectal examination in the followup of patients with prostate cancer after radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We performed a nonrandomized study in 235 consecutive patients with prostate cancer followed at a large tertiary care military hospital between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1999. All patients had been treated with prostate radiotherapy and had no evidence of metastatic disease at the first visit within that interval. Digital rectal examination was done at followup and the main outcome measure was new information provided by that examination. Results: A total of 1,544 digital rectal examinations were performed in 1,627 visits. New information was provided by digital rectal examination in only 30% of 286 abnormal examinations, of which more than three-quarters were related to bleeding and would otherwise have been noted on routine examination by the primary care provider. All 8 persistent recurrent prostate nodules were noted in the context of increasing prostate specific antigen. Conclusions: Routine digital rectal examination in patients with prostate cancer after radiotherapy may be omitted from followup protocols. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1684 EP 1687 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65653-4 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 481YC UT WOS:000171547200018 PM 11586202 ER PT J AU Ruchhoeft, P Wolfe, JC AF Ruchhoeft, P Wolfe, JC TI Ion beam aperture-array lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB We explore a new technique, ion beam aperture-array lithography (AAL), for fabricating low cost, large area nanostructure arrays. In this approach, a broad beam of light ions illuminates a stencil mask containing a periodic array of circular apertures. The array of transmitted beamlets is moved over the substrate, thereby printing an array with the same period but arbitrary unit cell. AAL has several advantages over ion beam proximity lithography: (1) the mask pattern density is lower, (2) the unit cell patterns are defined by software, and (3) dose and shape correction can be applied to compensate for system blur. Dose optimization methods are discussed and experimental results with 150 nm apertures presented. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanoelect Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruchhoeft, P (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2529 EP 2532 DI 10.1116/1.1420578 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 509PY UT WOS:000173159900092 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Kopke, RD Weisskopf, P Gottshall, K Allen, K Wester, D Balaban, C AF Hoffer, ME Kopke, RD Weisskopf, P Gottshall, K Allen, K Wester, D Balaban, C TI Use of the round window microcatheter in the treatment of Meniere's disease SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE gentamicin; Meniere's disease; sustained-release device; vertigo; hearing loss ID INTRATYMPANIC GENTAMICIN; THERAPY AB Objectives/Hypothesis: Transtympanic gentamicin is an increasingly popular treatment for Meniere's disease. The present report examines the 2-year follow-up of our first 27 patients with Meniere's disease treated with the use of microdose gentamicin through the Round Window Microcatheter. We applied the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery criteria to this patient group to analyze the results of treatment. Study Design: This study is an evaluation of consecutive patients with predetermined data collection on each patient. Methods: Patients with confirmed Meniere's disease underwent placement of the Round Window Microcatheter, which was filled with 10 mg/mL gentamicin, after placement into the round window niche was confirmed. Ten milligrams per milliliter of gentamicin was injected into the catheter by hand on two occasions after device placement in the first several patients. The remaining patients had continuous infusion of 10 mg/mL gentamicin at 1 muL/h for the next 10 days. The catheter was removed 10 days after placement. All patients underwent an extensive set of hearing and vestibular tests on several occasions before, during, and after treatment. Results: In the patients in the study, vertigo was eliminated in 92.6%, with 3.7% of patients (1/27) demonstrating a mild permanent threshold shift in hearing. Tinnitus and pressure were significantly reduced in more than 65% of patients. Only one patient demonstrated a reduction of vestibular function after treatment. Conclusions: Results of this study on this group of patients indicate that vertigo can be controlled in the long term using microdose gentamicin without a significant reduction in cochlear or vestibular function in most of the patients in our series. Our results are compared with the published literature examining transtympanic injection. In addition, the underlying science supporting this type of treatment is examined. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD NOV PY 2001 VL 111 IS 11 BP 2046 EP 2049 DI 10.1097/00005537-200111000-00033 PN 1 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 491WE UT WOS:000172132400033 PM 11801994 ER PT J AU Russell, JN Butler, JE Wang, GT Bent, SF Hovis, JS Hamers, RJ D'Evelyn, MP AF Russell, JN Butler, JE Wang, GT Bent, SF Hovis, JS Hamers, RJ D'Evelyn, MP TI pi bond versus radical character of the diamond (100)-2 x 1 surface SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Taiwan Diamond 2000 Meeting CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2000 CL INST ATOMIC MOLECULAR SCI ACAD SINICA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN HO INST ATOMIC MOLECULAR SCI ACAD SINICA DE CVD; FTIR; diamond; surface chemistry; surface modification ID THERMAL-DESORPTION; CYCLOADDITION CHEMISTRY; PYRAMIDALIZED ALKENES; HYDROGEN PLASMA; C(100) SURFACE; DECOMPOSITION; ADSORPTION; TRICYCLO<3.3.1.03,7>NON-3(7)-ENE; CHEMISORPTION; SI(100) AB The dimers on clean diamond (1 0 0)-2 x 1 are linked by a sigma bond and a highly strained T, bond. The weakness of the surface pi bond causes the reactivity of this surface to be intermediate between that of an alkene and a bi-radical, We illustrate this behavior by investigating two prototypical cycloaddition surface reactions using multiple-internal-reflection infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption of 1,3-butadiene occurs via [4 + 2] addition to surface dimers, analogous to Diels-Alder chemistry of alkenes. However, [2 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclopentene, a reaction that is symmetry-forbidden with alkenes, occurred with a sticking coefficient of similar to 10(-3). These reactions illustrate novel approaches to the functionalization of diamond surfaces. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP D'Evelyn, MP (reprint author), GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, POB 8, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Wang, George/C-9401-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 SI SI BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00425-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 486MT UT WOS:000171822100010 ER PT J AU Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ Gouker, P AF Mrstik, BJ Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ Gouker, P TI Electron and hole trapping in thermal oxides that have been ion implanted SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 20-23, 2001 CL UDINE, ITALY SP ST Microelectr, IEEE Electron Device Soc, NEAR EST Consortium, CISM, Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, Undine, Fdn CRUP DE hole traps; electron traps; silicon nanocrystals; ion implanted SiO2 ID SILICON; SIO2 AB Photo-assisted charge injection techniques in conjunction with capacitance-voltage measurements have been used to study electron and hole trapping in thermal oxides implanted with up to 1 X 10(16) cm(-2) Si or Ar. Defects having large cross sections for electron trapping and photoionization are found in oxides implanted with large doses of Si, but not of Ar, suggesting the formation of Si clusters. It is also found that the magnitude of the shift in the flatband voltage, DeltaV(fb), resulting from hole trapping is increased in oxides implanted with up to I X 10(15) cm(-2) Si or Ar. In oxides implanted with higher doses of Si, however, DeltaV(fb) is decreased. An explanation is proposed involving trapping of radiolytic hydrogen at Si clusters. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Mrstik, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(01)00611-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 493JD UT WOS:000172218100040 ER PT J AU Stahlbush, RE Macfarlane, PJ Williams, JR Chung, GY Feldman, LC McDonald, K AF Stahlbush, RE Macfarlane, PJ Williams, JR Chung, GY Feldman, LC McDonald, K TI Light emission from 4H SiC MOSFETs with and without NO passivation SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 20-23, 2001 CL UDINE, ITALY SP ST Microelectr, IEEE Electron Device Soc, NEAR EST Consortium, CISM, Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, Undine, Fdn CRUP DE electroluminescence; SiC; NO annealing; bulk recombination; interface recombination AB Images and spectra of light emission from 4H SiC MOSFETs with and without NO annealing have been studied. The emission is induced by driving the channel between accumulation and inversion. By varying the pulse train to the gate, the flow of electrons into the channel can be tracked. The electron flow in the NO-annealed MOSFEETs is an order of magnitude faster than the flow in the control MOSFETs without the anneal. Time resolved spectra allow emission processes from the interface and bulk to be separated, but do not exhibit significant differences between the MOSFETs with and without NO annealing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sterling Semicond, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6816, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1-4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(01)00674-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 493JD UT WOS:000172218100056 ER PT J AU Macfarlane, PJ Stahlbush, RE AF Macfarlane, PJ Stahlbush, RE TI Trapping dependent H+ motion in SIMOX buried oxides SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 20-23, 2001 CL UDINE, ITALY SP ST Microelectr, IEEE Electron Device Soc, NEAR EST Consortium, CISM, Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, Undine, Fdn CRUP DE hydrogen transport; hydrogen trapping; SOI; Si/SiO2 interfaces AB The transport characteristics of mobile H+ ions are examined in SIMOX buried oxides. The H+ ions are created in the buried oxides by annealing in H-2 gas. The effects of applied oxide field and H+ concentration are investigated in order to develop a model for the mechanism of the H+ motion. Results suggest the H+ motion across the oxide is limited by the detrapping of the mobile charges from defects located near the top Si/SiO2 and substrate Si/SiO2 interfaces. Comparisons of the samples annealed under differing conditions indicate that the H+ trapping defects are created and/or modified during the hydrogenation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6816, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1-4 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(01)00665-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 493JD UT WOS:000172218100073 ER PT J AU Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS AF Mechtel, DM Charles, HK Francomacaro, AS TI The development of poled polyimide dielectric layers for simultaneous testing and light guiding applications in MCM-Ds SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EOS/ESD Symposium CY SEP 26-28, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID LASER AB Noninvasive techniques for measuring electric field strengths in multichip module (MCM) substrates can be extremely important in determining ultimate module performance. Certain polymers such as polyimide exhibit an electrooptic response, after appropriate doping and poling, that permits direct measurement of the internal fields with a laser probe. We have built MCM circuit structures using electro-optic polyimides for the dielectric laver. We report thermal, electrical, optical, and electro-optic propel-ties for these dielectric layers. The optical properties of doped and poled polyimides make them attractive for building optical waveguides. We report results for poled polyimide use in both multiple layer structures and optical waveguide formation, and recommend processing guidelines. Further development of doped and poled polyimides may permit optical and electrical interlayers on the same thin-film MCM-D structure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Mechtel, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1847 EP 1855 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(01)00132-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 495TQ UT WOS:000172356800014 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Little, BJ Lowe, K Jones-Meehan, J AF Daulton, TL Little, BJ Lowe, K Jones-Meehan, J TI In situ environmental cell-transmission electron microscopy study of microbial reduction of chromium(VI) using electron energy loss spectroscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Applications of in situ Electron Microscopy Techniques CY NOV 03, 2000 CL MS DE in situ transmission electron microscopy; environmental cell; electron energy loss spectroscopy; environmental cell-transmission electron microscopy; dissimilatory metal reduction; Cr(VI) reduction; bacteria ID 3D TRANSITION-METALS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; VALENCE STATES; IRON; CR(VI); OXIDES; SHEWANELLA AB Reduction of Cr(VI) by the bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis (previously classified Shawanella putrefaciens strain MR-1), was studied by absorption spectrophotometry and in situ, environmental cell-transmission electron microscopy (EC-TEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Bacteria from rinsed cultures were placed directly in the environmental cell of the transmission electron microscope and examined under 100 Torr pressure. Bright field EC-TEM images show two distinct populations of S. oneidensis in incubated cultures containing Cr(VI)O(4)(2-): those that exhibit low image contrast and heavily precipitate-encrusted cells exhibiting high image contrast. Several EELS techniques were applied to determine the oxidation state of Cr associated with. encrusted cells. The encrusted cells are shown to contain a reduced form of Cr in oxidation state +3 or lower. These results demonstrate the capability to determine the chemistry and valence state of reduction products associated with unfixed, hydrated bacteria in an environmental cell transmission electron microscope. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 67 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 470 EP 485 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 495UM UT WOS:000172358800002 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Betts, LS Sack, DM Craft, N AF Bohnker, BK Betts, LS Sack, DM Craft, N TI Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program, 1995-1999: Demographic characteristics and smoking status SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHIPYARD WORKERS AB A descriptive study of the Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program is presented from data provided by the Navy Environmental Health Center in Norfolk, Virginia, with an emphasis on demographic characteristics and smoking. Analysis of 79,598 physical examinations for the period 1995 to 1999 revealed that Navy and Marine Corps civil service employees constituted 90% and Navy active duty personnel constituted 9%. Most personnel reported "no current exposure, have prior exposure" to asbestos (Navy active duty, 77%; civil service employees, 61%). Current smoking rates per year decreased for Navy active duty (from 34.6% to 28.7%) and civil service workers (from 26.0% to 21.6%), both reductions being significant for trend. Logistic regression for current smoking showed higher rates for Navy active duty and those with "direct" asbestos exposure, whereas those 50 years or older and of Asian ethnicity had lower smoking rates. These findings provide programmatic insights for the Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program and suggest areas for further study. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, 2510 Walmer Dr, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 166 IS 11 BP 966 EP 971 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DH UT WOS:000181419600008 PM 11725325 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Andrews, AM Shaffer, RA Gilman, PA Minagawa, RY Brodine, SK AF Booth-Kewley, S Andrews, AM Shaffer, RA Gilman, PA Minagawa, RY Brodine, SK TI One-year follow-up evaluation of the sexually transmitted diseases/human immunodeficiency virus intervention program in a marine corps sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; AIDS-PREVENTION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; STUDENTS; MEN AB Although a substantial number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of various human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs, most of them have focused on civilian populations. There is a clear need to develop and evaluate sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/HIV prevention programs designed specifically for U.S. military populations. The objective of the present study was to determine whether a behavioral intervention known as the STD/HIV Intervention Program (SHIP) would have a sustained positive impact on the behavior of a sample of Marines. A 1-year follow-up telephone interview was administered to (1) Marines who participated in the SHIP course (intervention group), and (2) a quasi-control group of Marines who were not exposed to the SHIP course. The intervention and control groups differed significantly in the percentage of the time they had used condoms during the past year. The intervention participants reported using condoms a greater percentage of the time than the nonparticipants. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Fdn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 166 IS 11 BP 987 EP 995 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DH UT WOS:000181419600012 PM 11725329 ER PT J AU Treloar, D Hawayek, J Montgomery, JR Russell, W AF Treloar, D Hawayek, J Montgomery, JR Russell, W CA Med Readiness Trainer Team TI On-site and distance education of emergency medicine personnel with a human patient simulator SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Background: Infrequent use of emergency medical skills eventually leads to skill degradation. Even during residency training, certain skills may be infrequently encountered. The use of human patient simulators (HPS) is one means by which these skills may be practiced with sufficient numbers to learn and maintain emergency skills. Objective: To assess the efficacy and feasibility of training isolated emergency medical personnel with a HPS. Design/Methods: A sophisticated HPS was placed at the Roosevelt Roads Naval Hospital, Puerto Rico. A convenience sample of emergency naval personnel enrolled in a training program consisting of five HPS-based scenarios. Both on-site (instructor in the room) and off-site (instructor in the United States) training was provided. A pre/post-test design was used to assess the efficacy of HPS training using a survey with a Likert scale measuring participant-perceived preparedness, self-efficacy, and perceptions of HPS training. Results: Eighteen emergency medical personnel participated in the educational program. Eight were physicians, and the remainder were emergency medical technicians and U.S. Navy medical corpsmen. Perceived preparedness and self-efficacy improved overall and for each individual scenario. Participants rated the training highly and felt that it was better than conventional noninteractive mannequins. Off-site training was found to be feasible despite the low-bandwidth services available: Internet (56K) and telephone service. Participants readily accepted off-site training. Conclusions: HPS education improves perceived preparedness and self-efficacy in U.S. Navy emergency medical personnel. This type of training may be an important adjunct for emergency medical providers who infrequently have the opportunity to apply learned emergency medical care skills. The use of HPS with distant interactive education capability allows isolated medical personnel the opportunity to practice skills unconstrained by time or distance. C1 Univ Michigan, Emergency Med Simulat & Modeling Res Lab, Emergency Med Res Labs, Dept Emergency Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Obstet, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Treloar, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Emergency Med Simulat & Modeling Res Lab, Emergency Med Res Labs, Dept Emergency Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 166 IS 11 BP 1003 EP 1006 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DH UT WOS:000181419600014 PM 11725312 ER PT J AU Rathore, D Kumar, S Lanar, DE McCutchan, TF AF Rathore, D Kumar, S Lanar, DE McCutchan, TF TI Disruption of disulfide linkages of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein: effects on cytotoxic and antibody responses in mice SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; DNA vaccine; sporozoites ID T-CELL EPITOPES; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; LYMPHOCYTE EPITOPE; VIRAL PROTEIN; DNA VACCINE; CS PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; IMMUNIZATION; RECOGNITION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB The circumsporozoite protein is a predominant surface antigen present on Plasmodium sporozoites. In Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), two cysteine residues (396 and 401) are present adjacent to two overlapping cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes of the protein and are involved in the formation of disulfide bridges. We investigated the role of these cysteines on the cellular and antibody responses towards the CS protein because disruption of disulfide linkages and the presence of cysteine residues in the flanking region of an epitope has been shown to significantly alter the immune responses to various proteins, Mice were immunized with variant forms of PfCSP DNA vaccine plasmids where these cysteine residues were individually mutated to alanine. The plasmid vaccines induced antigen specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. While no alterations of cysteine influenced the CTL responses to P. falciparum CS protein, vaccine pVRCS4, containing an altered cysteine at position 401, dramatically improved the antibody response to the carboxyl-terminal region of the protein. This work indicates that sequence alterations of genes in an anti-malarial vaccine could enhance the response towards the native protein. Given the fact that long term natural immunity to the pathogen has not been documented, it may be important to challenge the immune system with non-native proteins. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Room 126,Bldg 4,4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 118 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00369-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 500RZ UT WOS:000172641700008 PM 11704275 ER PT J AU Nuss, WA Miller, DK AF Nuss, WA Miller, DK TI Mesoscale predictability under various synoptic regimes SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EGS 25th General Assembly on Quantifying Predictability CY APR, 2000 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Nonlinear Processes Geophys Sect, Oceans & Atmosphere Sect AB Numerical model experiments using slightly rotated terrain are compared to gauge the sentivity of mesoscale forecasts to small perturbations that arise due to small synoptic-scale wind direction errors relative to topographic features. The surface and above surface wind speed errors, as well as the precipitation forecast errors, are examined for a landfalling cold front that occurred during the California Landfalling Jets (CALJET) experiment. The slight rotation in the terrain results in nearly identical synoptic-scale forecasts, but result in substantial forecast errors on the mesoscale in both wind and precipitation. The largest mesoscale errors occur when the front interacts with the topography, which feeds back on the frontal dynamics to produce differing frontal structures, which, in turn, result in mesoscale errors as large as 40% (60%) of the observed mesoscale variability in rainfall (winds). This sensitivity differs for the two rotations and a simple average can still have a substantial error. The magnitude of these errors is very large given the size of the perturbation, which raises concerns about the predictability of the detailed mesoscale structure for landfalling fronts. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Nu, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 429 EP 438 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522CH UT WOS:000173877800010 ER PT J AU Bodo, M Perjes, G Kalman, E Bacskai, E Berko, K Sarkadi, A Nagy, I Keim, KL Matysik, FM Csomor, K McCarron, R Zagvazdin, Y Rosenthal, M Morrissette, C Herendy, E Szporny, L Nagy, Z AF Bodo, M Perjes, G Kalman, E Bacskai, E Berko, K Sarkadi, A Nagy, I Keim, KL Matysik, FM Csomor, K McCarron, R Zagvazdin, Y Rosenthal, M Morrissette, C Herendy, E Szporny, L Nagy, Z TI Screening for cerebroprotective agents using an in vivo model of cerebral reversible depolarization in awake rats SO PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical screening; hypoxia; isoelectric EEG; reversible depolarization; awake rat ID PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY; ELECTRICAL SILENCE; EVOKED-RESPONSES; BRAIN-DAMAGE; BLOOD-FLOW; HYPOXIA; ISCHEMIA; EEG; OXYGEN; DRUGS AB The need to screen cerebroprotective compounds without anesthetic interference prompted the development of a model using hypoxic rats. In this model two outcome measures were used: (1) the time to reach isoelectric electroencephalogram (iEEG), caused by nitrogen gas inhalation in the test chamber, and (2) the time for behavioral recovery measuring the latency of restoration of the head-ithdrawal reflex upon vibrissae stimulation. We report here data of blood chemistry, cerebral tissue oxygen measurements, a definition of a proposed scoring system, and the pharmacological results of RGH-2202. The findings with RGH-2202 are used here to show the utility of the screening method. Events during hypoxia: Arterial and venous pO(2), pCO(2), and pH, and brain tissue pO(2) significantly declined. Significant correlations were established among the pO(2) of cerebral tissue, blood, and the test chamber. RGH-2202 significantly and dose-dependently shortened the iEEG time; the compound's Effective Dose(30) was 227.8 mg kg(-1). Events during recovery: Immediately after the iEEG, when the atmosphere in the chamber was replaced with room air, the arterial, venous and brain tissue pO(2) increased above the control level and subsequently recovered to baseline levels. Behavioral recovery occurred before blood chemistry was otherwise normalized. RGH-2202 significantly and dose-dependently shortened the recovery time; the Effective Dose(30) was 8.71 mg kg(-1). The available data define and support the physiological basis of this practicable rat-screening model. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Richter Ltd, Chem Works Gedeon, H-11030 Budapest, Hungary. Vela Pharmaceut, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Southeastern Univ, NOVA, Coll Med Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Natl Stroke Ctr, H-1021 Budapest, Hungary. RP Bodo, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Rm 1N46, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Michael.Bodo@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL RI Matysik, Frank/G-8535-2011; OI Nagy, Zoltan/0000-0001-9756-5427 NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-6618 J9 PHARMACOL RES JI Pharmacol. Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 44 IS 5 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1006/phrs.2001.0882 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 497GL UT WOS:000172447000010 PM 11712873 ER PT J AU McGriff, NJ Csako, G Kabbani, M Diep, L Chrousos, GP Pucino, F AF McGriff, NJ Csako, G Kabbani, M Diep, L Chrousos, GP Pucino, F TI Treatment options for a patient experiencing pruritic rash associated with transdermal testosterone: A review of the literature SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS; CLINICAL RESEARCH-CENTER; ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HYPOGONADAL MEN; HEALTHY-MEN; PHARMACOKINETICS; 7-ALPHA-METHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE; PHARMACODYNAMICS; IMPLANTS AB A 22-year-old man with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was receiving monthly intramuscular injections of testosterone replacement therapy The patient refused to self-administer the injections because of discomfort, so the therapy was switched to testosterone patches. He experienced a pruritic, macular, erythematous rash underneath the reservoir area of two different transdermal formulations, which did not improve after pretreatment with topical corticosteroids. Eventually, he tolerated application of a testosterone gel and his serum testosterone levels returned to normal after 1 month of therapy. Commercially available and investigational testosterone products and therapeutic monitoring guidelines for androgen replacement are reviewed. C1 NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Pharm, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Dev Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP McGriff, NJ (reprint author), Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Pharm Practice & Adm, 600 S 43rd St,Box 8, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1425 EP 1435 DI 10.1592/phco.21.17.1425.34428 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490AR UT WOS:000172027000016 PM 11714217 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF Stauffer, D AF Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF Stauffer, D TI Concentration gradient, diffusion, and flow through open porous medium near percolation threshold via computer simulations SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article ID BIASED DIFFUSION; LATTICES; DRIFT AB The interacting lattice gas model is used to simulate fluid flow through an open percolating porous medium with the fluid entering at the source-end and leaving from the opposite end. The shape of the steady-state concentration profile and therefore the gradient field depends on the porosity (p). The root mean square (rms) displacements of fluid and its constituents (tracers) show a drift power-law behavior, R proportional to t in the asymptotic regime (t --> infinity). The flux current density (j) is found to scale with the porosity according to, j proportional to (Deltap)(beta) with Deltap = p - p(c) and beta similar or equal to 1.7. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Fis, BR-24210340 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 300 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00383-1 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 489RY UT WOS:000172006500001 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Wu, DH AF Kim, JH Wu, DH TI Unusual electron-phonon superconductivity in nickel borocarbides? SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on New Theories, Discoveries and Applications of Superconductors and Related Materials CY JAN 15-19, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE incomplete superconducting condensation; uncoventional superconductivity; s-wave; superconducting state properties ID SOFT PHONONS; RNI(2)B(2)C; YNI2B2C; STATE AB We propose a picture of incomplete superconducting condensation, which is based on the BCS pairing theory, to account for the seemingly contradictory observation of unconventional superconducting state properties including specific heat, magnetic penetration depth, spin-lattice relaxation rate, thermal conductivity, and microwave conductivity in nickel borocarbide superconductors RNi2B2C (R = Y, Lu), in which strong electron-phonon interaction plays an important role. We show that the power-law temperature T dependence of these properties at low T can arise in s-wave superconductors when a small fraction of charge carriers remain unpaired at T = 0. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, POB 7129, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2001 VL 364 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00718-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 492EP UT WOS:000172155700008 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Nadgorny, B Horwitz, JS Trotter, G Kim, H AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Nadgorny, B Horwitz, JS Trotter, G Kim, H TI Presence of a pseudo-gap feature in the density of states of disordered W/Si alloys SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on New Theories, Discoveries and Applications of Superconductors and Related Materials CY JAN 15-19, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE pseudo-gap; disordered superconductor; high-temperature superconductor ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; TUNNELING EXPERIMENTS; SCALING THEORY AB One of the most striking features of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates is the presence of a gap-like structure in the density of states above the superconductive transition temperature, T-c. Analysis of conductance data from point-contact tunneling measurements on disordered W/Si thin films shows the presence of similar gap-like features above T-c. Details of the film growth and characterization are presented. A phase diagram which includes T-c and a pseudo-gap temperature, T* are presented. Published by Elsevier Science BN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6340,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2001 VL 364 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00813-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 492EP UT WOS:000172155700099 ER PT J AU Bouvier, J Bok, J Kim, H Trotter, G Osofsky, M AF Bouvier, J Bok, J Kim, H Trotter, G Osofsky, M TI Coulomb interaction in disordered metals and HTSC SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on New Theories, Discoveries and Applications of Superconductors and Related Materials CY JAN 15-19, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE disordered conductors; HTSC; Coulomb interaction; cuprates AB We consider underdoped or overdoped cuprates as disordered conductors. The diffusion coefficient D can be as low as 10(-1) m(2) s(-1). Under these conditions Coulomb interaction between electrons must be taken into account. The main effect is to open a dip in the density of state near the Fermi level. We show that this model explains most of the observed features of the so-called "pseudogap" in the normal state including its value, anisotropy and variation with doping. Such a model applied to disordered metals explains the dips observed in conductance measurements. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ESPCI, Solid State Phys Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bouvier, J (reprint author), ESPCI, Solid State Phys Lab, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris 05, France. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2001 VL 364 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00823-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 492EP UT WOS:000172155700109 ER PT J AU Kendziora, C Nachumi, B Fournier, P Li, ZY Greene, RL Hinks, DG AF Kendziora, C Nachumi, B Fournier, P Li, ZY Greene, RL Hinks, DG TI Unconventional superconductivity observed with Raman spectroscopy in p- and n-type cuprates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on New Theories, Discoveries and Applications of Superconductors and Related Materials CY JAN 15-19, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI DE superconductivity; Raman spectroscopy; p-type cuprates; n-type cuprates; d-wave ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCATTERING; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; FLUCTUATIONS; ANISOTROPY; EVOLUTION; GAP AB We study the electronic Raman spectra of p- and n-type cuprates. In particular, we study the electronic continuum and the energy of the 2 Delta peaks that form below T-c as a function of photon polarization (symmetry within the crystal). In the present work we discuss heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (T-c = 54 K) where the electronic continuum and energy gap are dominated by excitations of Big symmetry. We compare and contrast this with n-type crystals of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4+delta (T-c = 21 K) and Pr1.81Ce0.15CuO4+delta (T-c = 22 K), where the superconducting 2 Delta peaks are strongest in B-2g symmetry. All three samples show 2 Delta (max) = 4.5k(B)T(c). We discuss our results using red (lambda = 647, 700 nm) excitation wavelengths in the context of earlier studies performed using higher energy green (lambda = 514.5 nm) and blue (lambda = 476, 488 am) lasers. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kendziora@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV PY 2001 VL 364 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00847-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 492EP UT WOS:000172155700127 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Moore, WJ Lee, SK Lee, KY Song, IJ Molnar, RJ Van Lierde, P AF Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Moore, WJ Lee, SK Lee, KY Song, IJ Molnar, RJ Van Lierde, P TI Detection and identification of donors in hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN layers SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-4) CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO AB Low temperature photoluminescence experiments carried out on HVPE GaN samples produced in two different reactors are consistent with a low background level of donors and an extremely low concentration of compensating shallow acceptors. Infrared absorption experiments on these samples indicated that different shallow donors are incorporated at different rates in each reactor. High sensitivity SIMS was employed to measure the concentration of background impurities of a number of samples produced in both reactors. The comparison between the infrared absorption cross-sections with the SIMS results allows the identification of Si, the shallower, and O as the two dominant residual donors in these examples of HVPE GaN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, BR-70000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 188 IS 1 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200111)188:1<457::AID-PSSA457>3.3.CO;2-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 501LV UT WOS:000172686900100 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Vaid, D Grum-Grzhimailo, AN Madison, DH Blaha, M Giuliani, JL AF Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Vaid, D Grum-Grzhimailo, AN Madison, DH Blaha, M Giuliani, JL TI Electron-impact excitation to the 4p(5)5s and 4p(5)5p levels of KrI using different distorted-wave and close-coupling methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-CORRELATION PARAMETERS; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; RARE-GASES; NEAR-THRESHOLD; KRYPTON; STATES; ARGON; ATOMS; SCATTERING AB Electron-impact excitation of the 4p-(5)5s and 4p(5)5p levels of Kr I has been investigated in detail by calculating cross sections using distorted-wave and close-coupling approaches. The results are presented from the excitation thresholds up to 50 eV incident energy. They are contrasted among the different calculations and compared with other theoretical predictions and experimental data. Significant disagreement is found with many of the recent experimental data of Chilton et al. C1 USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Grum-Grzhimailo, Alexei/D-6274-2012; Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.052710 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 490VJ UT WOS:000172074200050 ER PT J AU Griscom, DL AF Griscom, DL TI Fractal kinetics of radiation-induced point-defect formation and decay in amorphous insulators: Application to color centers in silica-based optical fibers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ABSORPTION-BANDS; SELF-TRAPPED HOLES; RELAXATION; ENVIRONMENTS; DEPENDENCE; SIO2 AB Formalisms have been developed to express the time evolution of bimolecular processes taking place in fractal spaces. These "stretched-second-order" solutions are specifically applicable to radiation-induced electron-hole pairs and/or vacancy-interstitial pairs in insulating glasses. Like the analogous Kohlrausch-type (stretched-first-order) expressions, the present solutions are functions of (kt)(beta), where 0 < < 1, k is an effective rate coefficient, and t is time. Both the new second-order formalism and the familiar Kohlrausch approach have been used to fit experimental data (induced optical absorptions in silica-based glasses monitored at selected wavelengths) that serve as proxies for the numbers of color centers created by irradiation and/or destroyed by processes involving thermal, optical, or gamma -ray activation. Two material systems were investigated: (1) optical fibers with Ge-doped-silica cores and (2) fibers with low-OH/low-chloride pure-silica cores. Successful fits of the growth curves for the Ge-doped-silica-core fibers at four widely separated dose rates were accomplished using solutions for color-center concentrations, N[(kt)(beta)], which approach steady-state values, N-sat, as t --> infinity. The parametrization of these fits reveals some unexpected, and potentially useful, empirical rules regarding the dose-rate dependences of beta, k, and N-sat in the fractal regime (0 < < 1). Similar, though possibly not identical, rules evidently apply to color centers in the pure-silica-core fibers as well. In both material systems, there appear to be fractal classical phase transitions at certain threshold values of dose rate, below which the dose-rate dependencies of k and N-sat revert to those specified by classical (beta = 1) first- or second-order kinetics. For kt much less than 1, both the first- and second-order fractal kinetic growth curves become identical, i.e., N((kt)(beta))approximate to At-beta, where the coefficient A depends on dose rate but not kinetic order. It is found empirically that A depends on the 3 beta /2 power of dose rate in both first- and second-order kinetics, thus "accidentally" becoming linearly proportional to dose rate in cases where beta approximate to2/3 (characteristic of random fractals and many disordered materials). If interfering dose-rate-independent components are absent, it is possible to distinguish the order of the kinetics from the shapes of the growth and decay curves in both fractal and classical regimes. However, for reasons that are discussed, the parameters that successfully fit the experimental growth curves could not be used as bases for closed-form predictions of the shapes of the decay curves recorded when the irradiation is interrupted. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Griscom, DL (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Hosono Transparent Electroact Mat Grp, Midori Ku, 4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. EM dlgriscom@netscape.net NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 17 AR 174201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.174201 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 490AV UT WOS:000172027600039 ER PT J AU Janotti, A Wei, SH Singh, DJ AF Janotti, A Wei, SH Singh, DJ TI First-principles study of the stability of BN and C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; BORON-NITRIDE MODIFICATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSION; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURES; GROUND-STATE; TRANSITIONS; DIAMOND AB First-principles total energy calculations are performed to study the phase stability of BN and C at low temperature. These are done using density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We find that for both materials LDA calculations predict dense cubic structures as the ground state structures, while the GGA calculations predict less dense hexagonal layered structures as the ground states. Our calculated results provide a stringent test for the validity of the functional used for the DFT calculations. Accurate experimental measurements of thermodynamic properties for BN and C at low temperature are needed to clarify the stability issues for these materials. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 50 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 17 AR 174107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.174107 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 490AV UT WOS:000172027600037 ER PT J AU Leon, C Lunkenheimer, P Ngai, KL AF Leon, C Lunkenheimer, P Ngai, KL TI Test of universal scaling of ac conductivity in ionic conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD RELAXATION; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; DECAY FUNCTION; SPIN-LATTICE; MOBILE IONS; GLASSES; SPECTRA; DYNAMICS AB Electrical relaxation data of crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia are used to analyze the permittivity change observed in the spectra of the real part of the permittivity in ionic conducting materials. It is found that this permittivity change is independent of both temperature and mobile-ion concentration, and it is determined solely by the degree of interaction among ions in the relaxation process. This finding is at odds with an expression for the permittivity change in the framework of a proposed universal ac conductivity scaling law for glassy ionic conductors. On the other hand. not only the total permitivity change, but also the particular frequency dependence of the permittivity spectra is found to be consistent with the analysis of electrical relaxation in terms of the electric modulus. The results of this work give further support to the use of the electric modulus in describing electrical relaxation in ionic conductors. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Lunkenheimer, Peter/C-6196-2008; Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008 OI Lunkenheimer, Peter/0000-0002-4525-1394; Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 18 AR 184304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.184304 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 493TK UT WOS:000172239400051 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Precise tight-binding description of the band structure of MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION AB We present a careful recasting of first-principles band-structure calculations for MgB2 in a nonorthogonal sp-tight-binding (TB) basis. Our TB results almost exactly reproduce our full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave results for the energy bands, the densities of states, and the total energies. Our procedure generates transferable Slater-Koster parameters that should be useful for other studies of this important material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 17 AR 172510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.172510 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 490AV UT WOS:000172027600025 ER PT J AU Shen, KM Damascelli, A Lu, DH Armitage, NP Ronning, F Feng, DL Kim, C Shen, ZX Singh, DJ Mazin, II Nakatsuji, S Mao, ZQ Maeno, Y Kimura, T Tokura, Y AF Shen, KM Damascelli, A Lu, DH Armitage, NP Ronning, F Feng, DL Kim, C Shen, ZX Singh, DJ Mazin, II Nakatsuji, S Mao, ZQ Maeno, Y Kimura, T Tokura, Y TI Surface electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; LAYERED PEROVSKITE; FERMI-SURFACE; FERROMAGNETISM; TRIPLET AB We have addressed the possibility of surface ferromagnetism in Sr2RuO4 by investigating its surface electronic states by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). By cleaving samples under different conditions and using various photon energies, we have isolated the surface from the bulk states. A comparison with band structure calculations indicates that the ARPES data are most readily explained by a nonmagnetic root2 x root2 surface reconstruction. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. JRCAT, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. RP Shen, KM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 18 AR 180502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.180502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 493TK UT WOS:000172239400016 ER PT J AU Flack, KA Saylor, JR Smith, GB AF Flack, KA Saylor, JR Smith, GB TI Near-surface turbulence for evaporative convection at an air/water interface SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE-FIELD; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER; SIMILARITY AB Turbulence measurements are reported for the flow beneath an air/water interface undergoing evaporative convection. Measurements were obtained using a two component laser Doppler velocimeter system. Two hydrodynamic boundary conditions were considered for the free surface: a shear free surface, which is the case when surfactants are absent, and a constant elasticity surface, created by depositing a monolayer of oleyl alcohol. The shear free boundary condition case results in significantly higher levels of near surface turbulence than the constant elasticity case. This difference between the two cases decreases with distance from the free surface. Profiles of the turbulent fluctuations were obtained for the horizontal and vertical velocity components and are compared with the somewhat analogous case of a heated solid wall. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flack, KA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 2001 VL 13 IS 11 BP 3338 EP 3345 DI 10.1063/1.1410126 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 482GZ UT WOS:000171569600022 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW AF Rose, DV Welch, DR Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW TI Net current generation and beam transport efficiency of grad-B-drift transported relativistic electron beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SELF-PINCHED TRANSPORT; LOW-PRESSURE GASES; INTENSE ION-BEAMS; WIRE; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; PLASMA; CELL AB Numerical simulations of grad-B drifting, high-current, relativistic electron beams are presented. The simulations use a hybrid fluid/particle-in-cell code to study the net-current and conductivity evolution for 200 to 900 kA, 1.3 MeV annular electron beams in a background gas of nitrogen (N-2) at pressures of 1-60 Torr. Optimum guide-wire current and gas pressure for efficient beam transport are found from the simulations to be similar to 40 kA and similar to5-15 Torr of N-2, respectively, with energy transport efficiencies as high as 80% for transport distances up to 200 cm. For beam currents and/or gas pressures near the high end of the ranges considered, large net currents significantly alter the magnetic-field profile and result in decreased transport efficiency. Transport efficiencies up to 90% are also found for a self-pinched transport mode in the 1-15 Torr N-2 range with no wire current. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 5001 Indian Sch Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 11 BP 4972 EP 4981 DI 10.1063/1.1405437 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 483QT UT WOS:000171647800033 ER PT J AU Brady, RF AF Brady, RF TI A fracture mechanical analysis of fouling release from nontoxic antifouling coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Coatings and Technology CY JUL, 2000 CL ATHENS, GREECE DE adhesion; elastomer; fracture mechanics; marine fouling; modulus; surface energy; thickness AB The successor to toxic antifouling coatings has been pursued for many years. Attempts to create perfectly nonfouling surfaces from polymers containing fluorine and silicone have been made, but marine fouling adheres to all surfaces yet investigated. The focus of our efforts has shifted from the coating surface to the joint between a fouling organism and a coating. We are studying methods to facilitate the fracture of this joint by controlling the chemical and mechanical properties of the polymer. This paper focuses on the fracture mechanics of the joint between a fouling organism and a coating surface, and shows that fluoropolymer and silicone coatings use significantly different mechanisms to release fouling. The paper concludes with a discussion of approaches to the design of successful fluoropolymer or silicone nontoxic antifouling coatings based on their preferred fracture modes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Corros Sci & Technol, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brady, RF (reprint author), Ctr Corros Sci & Technol, Naval Res Lab, Code 6132, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 188 EP 192 AR PII S0300-9440(01)00180-1 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(01)00180-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 577DJ UT WOS:000177046000021 ER PT J AU Griffin, S Bradley, J Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Valent, PJ AF Griffin, S Bradley, J Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Valent, PJ TI Instrumented mines for mine burial studies SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 42 IS 11 BP 21 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 498UD UT WOS:000172528100003 ER PT J AU Deveau, DM AF Deveau, DM TI AUTEC's calibration system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Test & Evaluat Dept, Sea Syst Command, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. RP Deveau, DM (reprint author), USN, Test & Evaluat Dept, Sea Syst Command, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 42 IS 11 BP 29 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 498UD UT WOS:000172528100004 ER PT J AU von Huth, P Butler, JE Tenne, R AF von Huth, P Butler, JE Tenne, R TI Diamond/CdTe: a new inverted heterojunction CdTe thin film solar cell SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE diamond films; CdTe; heterojunction; thin film; solar cell; photovoltaic AB Recently the concept of the inverted photovoltaic cell has become more attainable as a practical cell. This thin film cell consists of a p-n heterojunction in which the window layer is p-type and the absorber layer is n-type. The feasibility of a new inverted p-n heterojunction p-diamond/n-CdTe solar cell has been demonstrated. The non-optimized solar cell structure grown on semi-transparent p-diamond yielded an open circuit voltage of 0.23 V and a short circuit current of 1.54 mA/cm(2) when illuminated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tenne, R (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD NOV PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 381 EP 388 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00055-1 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 471DW UT WOS:000170913200009 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Toothman, DR Eberhart, HJ Humenik, JA AF Kostoff, RN Toothman, DR Eberhart, HJ Humenik, JA TI Text mining using database tomography and bibliometrics: A review SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Review DE database tomography; text mining; bibliometrics; innovation; information retrieval; information extraction; cluster; taxonomies ID TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; SCIENCE; ROADMAPS; CITATION AB Database tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: (1) algorithms for extracting multiword phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multiword technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment (2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT has been used to derive technical intelligence from a variety of textual database sources, most recently the published technical literature as exemplified by the Science Citation Index (SCI) and the Engineering Compendex (EC). Phrase frequency analysis (the occurrence frequency of multiword technical phrases) provides the pervasive technical themes of the topical databases of interest, and phrase proximity analysis provides the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. In the structured published literature databases, bibliometric analysis of the database records supplements the DT results by identifying the recent most prolific topical area authors; the journals that contain numerous topical area papers; the institutions that produce numerous topical area papers; the keywords specified most frequently by the topical area authors; the authors whose works are cited most frequently in the topical area papers; and the particular papers and journals cited most frequently in the topical area papers. This review paper summarizes: (1) the theory and background development of DT; (2) past published and unpublished literature study results; (3) present application activities; (4) potential expansion to new DT applications. In addition, application of DT to technology forecasting is addressed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RSIS Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NOESIS Inc, Manassas, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil RI Kumar, Ajit/J-1617-2015 OI Kumar, Ajit/0000-0003-3255-5054 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 EI 1873-5509 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 68 IS 3 BP 223 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00133-0 PG 31 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 498UT UT WOS:000172529400001 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR Callahan, J Brooks, M Bubb, DM Wu, HD Pique, A Spargo, B McGill, RA Chrisey, DB AF Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR Callahan, J Brooks, M Bubb, DM Wu, HD Pique, A Spargo, B McGill, RA Chrisey, DB TI The deposition, structure, pattern deposition, and activity of biomaterial thin-films by matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation (MAPLE) and MAPLE direct write SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE biomaterials; biosensors; cells; polymers; direct-write; laser ablation; physical vapor deposition (PVD); pulsed-laser; matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation (MAPLE) ID ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR; MEMBRANE; GLUCOSE AB Two techniques, Matrix-Assisted Pulsed-Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) and MAPLE Direct Write (MDW) were developed to deposit biomaterial thin-films. MAPLE involves dissolving or suspending the biomaterial in a volatile solvent, freezing the mixture to create a solid target, and using a low fluence pulsed laser to evaporate the target for deposition of the solute inside a vacuum system. Using simple shadow masks, i.e. lines, dots and arrays, pattern features with length scales as small as 20 mum can be deposited using multiple materials on different types of substrates. MDW uses pulsed laser to directly transfer material from a ribbon to a substrate. Patterns with a spatial resolution of similar to 10 mum can be written directly. Biomaterials ranging from polyethylene glycol to eukaryotic cells, i.e. Chinese hamster ovaries, were deposited with no measurable damage to their structures or genotype. Deposits of immobilized horseradish peroxidase, an enzyme, in the form of a polymer composite with a protective coating, i.e. polyurethane, retained their enzymatic functions. A dopamine electrochemical sensor was fabricated by MDW using a natural tissues/graphite composite. These examples and the unique features of MAPLE and MDW for biosensor fabrication have been discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6372,Bldg 74,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wup@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 398 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01347-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 505GZ UT WOS:000172906200105 ER PT J AU Seaver, M Crookston, JC Roselle, DC Wagner, SJ AF Seaver, M Crookston, JC Roselle, DC Wagner, SJ TI First results using automated epifluorescence microscopy to detect Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis in WBC-reduced platelet concentrates SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIALLY CONTAMINATED PLATELETS; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; RAPID DETECTION; TRANSFUSION; BLOOD; COMPONENTS; SEPSIS; IDENTIFICATION; GLUCOSE; PH AB BACKGROUND: Many methods have been tested for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelets. However, only those using molecular biology or cell culturing consistently detect contamination at levels below 105 bacteria per mL. This report describes the initial investigation into an alternative method that offers the possibilities of high sensitivity and rapid response while using available laboratory equipment and supplies. This method relies on a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, which preferentially stains bacteria but not platelets, and automated epifluorescence microscopy for rapid analysis. Measurements in WBC-reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) contaminated with bacteria are reported at concentrations between 10(3) and 10(6) bacteria per mL. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Staphylococcus epidermidis or Escherichia coli was inoculated into aliquots of WBC-reduced PCs on Days 2 through 5 of storage. Bacterially inoculated and control PCs were stained, platelets and residual WBCs were lysed, and 200 muL of sample was filtered onto black polycarbonate filters. All preparations were done in triplicate. An automated epifluorescence microscope examined approximately 2 percent of the area of each filter and used image analysis to select the fluorescent particles that should be counted as bacteria. RESULTS: Samples containing 3 to 5 x 10(3) bacteria per mL produced about three times as many fluorescent particles classified as bacteria as the controls. Lower concentrations of S. epidermidis were detected because of higher fluorescence intensity, Simultaneous preparation of six samples requires about 35 minutes. Analysis of each prepared sample takes 10 minutes, for a total preparation and analysis time of about 95 minutes for 6 samples. CONCLUSION: Low concentrations (<5 x 10(3) bacteria/mL of deliberately inoculated S. epidermidis or E coli can be measured quickly in WBC-depleted PCs by using a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, differential lysis, and automated microscopy. Continued refinement of the method, studies employing other bacterial strains, and further vali. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV PY 2001 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1351 EP 1355 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41111351.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 497AE UT WOS:000172429900007 PM 11724977 ER PT J AU Amling, CL Kane, CJ Riffenburgh, RH Ward, JF Roberts, JL Lance, RS Friedrichs, PA Moul, JW AF Amling, CL Kane, CJ Riffenburgh, RH Ward, JF Roberts, JL Lance, RS Friedrichs, PA Moul, JW TI Relationship between obesity and race in predicting adverse pathologic variables in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; DIETARY-FAT; BODY-SIZE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; BLACKS; WHITES AB Objectives. To determine whether obesity is associated with more advanced prostate cancer (PCa) in radical prostatectomy patients and to explore the ethnic variability in body mass index (BMI) as a potential explanation for racial differences in PCa risk. Methods. A multi-institutional retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathologic parameters was performed on data from 860 patients with PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 1998. Patient height and weight was used to calculate the BMI, which categorized patients into obese (BMI 30 kg/m(2) or greater), overweight (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m(2)), and normal (BMI 25 kg/m(2) or less) groups. Age, serum prostate-specific antigen level, pathologic stage, and Gleason score for each group were compared. The distribution of the BMI in each of four ethnic groups was also determined. Results. Of 860 patients, 171 (20%) were obese, 425 (49%) overweight, and 264 (31%) normal. The obese patients presented at a younger mean age (62 years, P = 0.001), had higher mean Gleason scores (6.7, P = 0.002), had a higher likelihood of Gleason score 7 or greater cancer (71 %, P = 0.003), and had a lower chance of organ-confined cancer (46%, P = 0.050). The BMI was highest in blacks, followed by whites and Asians, and blacks had significantly higher grade cancers (P = 0.045). In multiple logistic regression analysis of the BMI and race, only BMI remained an independent predictor of Gleason grade. Conclusions. Obese patients with PCa present for radical prostatectomy at a younger age with higher grade and more pathologically advanced cancers. Blacks have higher grade cancers than other ethnic groups and, at the same time, have significantly higher BMIs. These findings suggest that obesity may in part. account for the racial variability in PCa risk. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tacoma, WA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, Dept Urol, 3400 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01373-5 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 495GC UT WOS:000172331000022 PM 11711349 ER PT J AU Gray, CL Amling, CL Polston, GR Powell, CR Kane, CJ AF Gray, CL Amling, CL Polston, GR Powell, CR Kane, CJ TI Intraoperative cell salvage in radical retropubic prostatectomy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD DONATION; ACUTE NORMOVOLEMIC HEMODILUTION; LEUKOCYTE DEPLETION FILTER; AUTO-TRANSFUSION; CANCER RECURRENCE; HOMOLOGOUS BLOOD; SURGERY; CARCINOMA; SURVIVAL AB Objectives. To investigate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative cell salvage with autotransfusion using leukocyte reduction filters in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Methods. Between September 1996 and March 1999, 62 patients (age range 48 to 70 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent RRP with intraoperative cell salvage as the sole blood management technique. Salvaged blood was passed through a leukocyte reduction filter before autotransfusion. The 62 cell salvage patients were compared with a cohort who predonated 1 to 3 U autologous blood (n = 101). The estimated blood loss, preoperative and postoperative hematocrit, need for homologous transfusion, and biochemical recurrence rates were compared between the two groups. The progression-free survival rates were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. No difference was found in preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, pathologic stage, or estimated blood loss between the cell salvage and autologous predonation groups. The preoperative and postoperative hernatocrit levels were higher in the cell salvage group (42.7% versus 39.6% and 31.3% versus 27.9%, respectively; P <0.001 for each). The homologous transfusion rates were lower in the cell salvage group (3% versus 14%, P = 0.04). The incidence of progression-free survival (prostate-specific antigen level 0.4 ng/mL or greater) was no different between the groups (P = 0.41). Conclusions. Intraoperative cell salvage with autotransfusion using leukocyte reduction filters in RRP results in higher perioperative hernatocrit levels and low homologous transfusion rates and eliminates the need for autologous predonation. Cell salvage does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of early biochemical progression after RRP. (C) 2001, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, KCA, Clin Invest Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gray, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, KCA, Clin Invest Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01365-6 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 495GC UT WOS:000172331000025 PM 11711352 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TQ Yee, RY Schwartz, BJ AF Nguyen, TQ Yee, RY Schwartz, BJ TI Solution processing of conjugated polymers: the effects of polymer solubility on the morphology and electronic properties of semiconducting polymer films SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE conjugated polymers; exciton-exciton annihilation; light-emitting diode (LED) ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EXCITON-EXCITON ANNIHILATION; MEH-PPV; INTERCHAIN INTERACTIONS; POLY(PHENYLENE VINYLENE); STIMULATED-EMISSION; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; THIN-FILMS; AGGREGATION; LUMINESCENCE AB It is becoming increasingly clear that the electronic properties of conjugated polymers are controlled by the way the films are cast: changing the solvent, spin speed or concentration changes the film morphology and thus the performance of devices based on these materials. In this paper, we show that the way a conjugated polymer is dissolved into solution also affects the interchain interactions and electronic behavior in the resulting film. Light scattering shows that even low molecular weight samples of poly(2,5-bis[N-methyl-N-hexylamino]phenylene vinylene) (BAMH-PPV) do not completely dissolve in the good solvent o-xylene, even after stirring for 2 days. The solutions behave more as a suspension of small pieces of polymer film, showing solid-state effects such as exciton-exciton annihilation; the corresponding cast films have a rough, agglomerated morphology. Complete dissolution of the polymer can be achieved either by heating the solutions while stirring for 2 days, or by stirring at room temperature for 2 weeks. In addition to aiding dissolution, heating is found to promote interactions between conjugated polymer chains, leading to films with a higher degree of exciton-exciton annihilation and devices with higher operating currents but lower electroluminescence quantum efficiencies than films cast from solutions that were fully dissolved but not heated. All the results suggest that understanding the details of how a conjugated polymer is dissolved into solution is critical to being able to reproducibly fabricate and optimize conjugated polymer-based devices. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Branch, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Schwartz, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Schwartz, Benjamin/0000-0003-3257-9152 NR 47 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 2001 VL 144 IS 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00377-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 483VA UT WOS:000171655500004 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM AF Mott, PH Roland, CM TI Elastomeric ozone concentration detector SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ozone; rubber; crack; light transmission; transparency AB Micron-sized surface cracks develop in polybutadiene when stretched and exposed to ozone. The consequent reduction in the transparency of the rubber provides a method for quantifying the ambient ozone concentration. The rate at which opacity develops depends linearly on the amount of ozone, and increases with increasing strain. This method of detecting atmospheric ozone has high sensitivity (I ppb) and a broad dynamic range. The crack morphology can be interpreted in terms of nucleation and growth, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6126, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 31 PY 2001 VL 317 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01180-7 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 477ED UT WOS:000171269400012 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Deng, G Burleigh, MC Wong, EM Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Deng, G Burleigh, MC Wong, EM Gaber, BP TI Influence of quaternary amine organosilane structure on the formation and adsorption properties of surface-imprinted silicates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NERVE AGENTS; RECOGNITION; HYDROLYSIS; PESTICIDES; ESTERASE; SENSOR; SITES; VX AB A series of quaternary ammonium functionalized. silicates surface imprinted with the soman hydrolysis product pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP) were formed in a one-pot procedure. The formation and adsorption properties of these materials were dependent on the alkyl chain length of the quaternary amine. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed that silicates formed with added quaternary amine functionalized organosilanes with 10 and 14 carbon hydrocarbon segments (N,N-didecyl-N-methyl-N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (DDMAC) and N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (TDDMAC), respectively) formed xerogels with surface areas of 630-712 m(2)/g and broad pore size distributions. The silicate that formed in the presence of a quaternary ammonium functionalized organosilane with an 18 carbon alkyl chain (N-octadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride (ODDMAC)) formed a microporous silicate with a lower surface area. Addition of PMP during synthesis did not affect the formation or adsorption properties of the DDMAC or TDDMAC silicates but resulted in an ODDMAC silicate with a higher surface area. Significant differences in the adsorption capacities and equilibrium binding constants of ODDMAC silicates formed with and without PMP were observed. This material demonstrated selectivity for small organophosphonate monoesters over a bulkier organophosphonate monoester, diester, and methyl parathion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bio Resource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 30 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 22 BP 7085 EP 7092 DI 10.1021/la010904d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 486LA UT WOS:000171818200049 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Information theoretic approach to statistical properties of multivariate Cauchy-Lorentz distributions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKETS AB The Cauchy-Lorentz (CL) distribution has divergent lowest moments. This necessarily leads to the fact that the information theoretic approach is essential for the study of its statistical properties. Here, correlation measured by the mutual entropy, is discussed for the multivariate CL distribution. It is found that correlation obeys a simple scaling law with respect to the dimensionality of the distribution. Then, regarding the CL distribution as a power-law quantum wavepacket, the information entropic uncertainty relation is also discussed both analytically and numerically. It is found that the sum of the position and momentum information entropies tends to the value of the lower bound for large dimensions. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD OCT 26 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 42 BP 8727 EP 8731 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/34/42/301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 491PZ UT WOS:000172118600005 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Xing, GQ Barker, JL Chang, Y Maric, D Ma, W Li, BS Rubinow, DR AF Zhang, L Xing, GQ Barker, JL Chang, Y Maric, D Ma, W Li, BS Rubinow, DR TI alpha-lipoic acid protects rat cortical neurons against cell death induced by amyloid and hydrogen peroxide through the Akt signalling pathway SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lipoic acid; cell death; Alzheimer's disease; antioxidants; apoptosis; neuron ID PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS; PEPTIDE; NEUROPROTECTION; ANTIOXIDANTS; HOMEOSTASIS AB Substantial evidence suggests that the accumulation of beta -amyloid (A beta)-derived peptides contributes to the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by stimulating formation of free radicals. Thus, the antioxidant alpha -lipoate, which is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, would seem an ideal substance in the treatment of AD. We have investigated the potential effectiveness of alpha -lipoic acid (LA) against cytotoxicity induced by A beta peptide (31-35) (30 muM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 muM) with the cellular 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and fluorescence dye propidium iodide assays in primary neurons of rat cerebral cortex. We found that treatment with LA protected cortical neurons against cytotoxicity induced by A beta or H2O2. In addition, LA-induced increase in the level of Akt in the neurons was observed by Western blot. The LA-induced neuroprotection and Akt increase were attenuated by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 (50 muM). Our data suggest that the neuroprotective effects of the antioxidant LA are partly mediated through activation of the PKB/Akt signaling pathway. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Biol Psychiat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINCDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINCDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 3N238, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 17 TC 82 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2001 VL 312 IS 3 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02205-4 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 490NX UT WOS:000172058900001 PM 11602326 ER PT J AU Nozette, S Spudis, PD Robinson, MS Bussey, DBJ Lichtenberg, C Bonner, R AF Nozette, S Spudis, PD Robinson, MS Bussey, DBJ Lichtenberg, C Bonner, R TI Integration of lunar polar remote-sensing data sets: Evidence for ice at the lunar south pole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; MERCURY; MOON; POLARIZATION; PROSPECTOR; STABILITY; DEPOSITS AB In order to investigate the feasibility of ice deposits at the lunar south pole, we have integrated all relevant lunar polar data sets. These include illumination data, Arecibo ground-based monostatic radar data, newly processed Clementine bistatic radar data, and Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer measurements. The possibility that the lunar poles harbor ice deposits has important implications not only as a natural resource for future human lunar activity but also as a record of inner solar system volatiles (e.g., comets and asteroids) over the past billion years or more. We find that the epithermal neutron flux anomalies, measured by Lunar Prospector, are coincident with permanently shadowed regions at the lunar south pole, particularly those associated with Shackleton crater. Furthermore, these areas also correlate with the beta = 0 circular polarization ratio (CPR) enhancements revealed by new processing of Clementine bistatic radar echoes, which in turn are colocated with areas of anomalous high CPR observed by Arecibo Observatory on the lower, Sun-shadowed Wall of Shackleton crater. Estimates of the extent of high CPR from Arecibo Observatory and Clementine bistatic radar data independently suggest that similar to 10 km(2) of ice may be present on the inner Earth-facing wall of Shackleton crater. None of the experiments that obtained the data presented here were ideally suited for definitively identifying ice in lunar polar regions. Ely assessing the relative merits of all available data, we find that it is plausible that ice does occur in cold traps at the lunar south pole and that future missions with instruments specifically designed to investigate these anomalies are worthy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Protasis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Nozette, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mail Code 8131,Bldg 209,Room 361,4555 Overlook Av, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E10 BP 23253 EP 23266 DI 10.1029/2000JE001417 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 488FQ UT WOS:000171925900006 ER PT J AU Lebedev, N Karginova, O McIvor, W Timko, MP AF Lebedev, N Karginova, O McIvor, W Timko, MP TI Tyr275 and Lys279 stabilize NADPH within the catalytic site of NADPH : protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase and are involved in the formation of the enzyme photoactive state SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 77-K FLUORESCENCE EMISSION; PISUM-SATIVUM L; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ETIOPLAST MEMBRANES; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; MECHANISM; DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; BINDING AB Fluorescence spectroscopic and kinetic analysis of photochemical activity, cofactor and substrate binding, and enzyme denaturation studies were performed with highly purified, recombinant pea NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The results obtained with an individual stereoisomer of the substrate [C8-ethyl-C13(2)-(R)-protoclilorophyllide] demonstrate that the enzyme photoactive state possesses a characteristic fluorescence maximum at 646 nm that is due to the presence of specific charged amino acids in the enzyme catalytic site. The photoactive state is converted directly into an intermediate having fluorescence at 685 nm in a reaction involving direct hydrogen transfer from the cofactor (NADPH). Site-directed mutagenesis of the highly conserved Tyr275 (Y275F) and Lys279 (K279I and K279R) residues in the enzyme catalytic pocket demonstrated that the presence of these two amino acids in the wild-type POR considerably increases the probability of photoactive state formation following cofactor and substrate binding by the enzyme. At the same time, the presence of these two amino acids destabilizes POR and increases the rate of enzyme denaturation. Neither Tyr275 nor Lys279 plays a crucial role in the binding of the substrate or cofactor by the enzyme. In addition, the presence of Tyr275 is absolutely necessary for the second step of the protochlorophyllide reduction reaction, "dark" conversion of the 685 nm fluorescence intermediate and the formation of the final product, chlorophyllide. We propose that Tyr275 and Lys279 participate in the proper coordination of NADPH and PChlide in the enzyme catalytic site and thereby control the efficiency of the formation of the POR photoactive state. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 42 BP 12562 EP 12574 DI 10.1021/bi0105025 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 486CP UT WOS:000171801100012 PM 11601980 ER PT J AU Deutschman, D Carstens, J Page, MT Klepper, R Chastain, H Sabbadini, R AF Deutschman, D Carstens, J Page, MT Klepper, R Chastain, H Sabbadini, R TI The MIRF trial: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP) as a novel marker for myocardial ischemia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 2299 BP 485 EP 485 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895002281 ER PT J AU Li, BS Sun, MK Zhang, L Takahashi, S Ma, W Vinade, L Kulkarni, AB Brady, RO Pant, HC AF Li, BS Sun, MK Zhang, L Takahashi, S Ma, W Vinade, L Kulkarni, AB Brady, RO Pant, HC TI Regulation of NMDA receptors by cyclin-dependent kinase-5 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; PROTEIN-KINASE; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; RAT-BRAIN; SUBUNIT; CDK5; NEURONS; CHANNEL AB Members of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) class of glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are critical for development, synaptic transmission, learning and memory; they are targets of pathological disorders in the central nervous system. NMDARs are phosphorylated by both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. Here, we demonstrate that cyclin dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) associates with and phosphorylates NR2A subunits at Ser-1232 in vitro and in intact cells. Moreover, we show that roscovitine, a selective Cdk5 inhibitor, blocks both long-term potentiation induction and NMDA-evoked currents in rat CA1 hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that Cdk5 plays a key role in synaptic transmission and plasticity through its up-regulation of NMDARs. C1 NINCDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINCDS, Lab Adapt Syst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINCDS, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Funct Genom Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINCDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pant, HC (reprint author), NINCDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D24,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 52 TC 173 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 22 BP 12742 EP 12747 DI 10.1073/pnas.211428098 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 486EU UT WOS:000171806100081 PM 11675505 ER PT J AU Ptak, AJ Holbert, LJ Ting, L Swartz, CH Moldovan, M Giles, NC Myers, TH Van Lierde, P Tian, C Hockett, RA Mitha, S Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL AF Ptak, AJ Holbert, LJ Ting, L Swartz, CH Moldovan, M Giles, NC Myers, TH Van Lierde, P Tian, C Hockett, RA Mitha, S Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL TI Controlled oxygen doping of GaN using plasma assisted molecular-beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; GROWTH AB High-quality (0001) and (000 (1) over bar)-GaN films were grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy to study the dependence of oxygen incorporation on polarity and oxygen partial pressure. Oxygen incorporates at a rate ten times faster on nitrogen-polar GaN than on the Ga polarity. Oxygen doping is controllable, reproducible, and produces low compensation material up to concentrations of at least 10(18) cm(-3) with higher levels showing significant compensation. Layers containing oxygen at levels above 10(22) cm(-3) exhibit severe cracking while oxygen concentrations less than 10(21) cm(-3) do not introduce significant strain. The oxygen incorporation rate has a weak dependence on Ga overpressure during Ga-stable growth but dramatically increases for conditions approaching N-stable growth. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Evans Analyt Grp, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. USN, Lab Adv Mat Synth, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ptak, AJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013 NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 17 BP 2740 EP 2742 DI 10.1063/1.1403276 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 482UD UT WOS:000171594400021 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS McGill, RA Chrisey, DB Papantonakis, MR Haglund, RF Toftmann, B AF Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS McGill, RA Chrisey, DB Papantonakis, MR Haglund, RF Toftmann, B TI Resonant infrared pulsed-laser deposition of a sorbent chemoselective polymer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; ABLATION; COATINGS; FILMS AB Fluoropolyol, a sorbent chemoselective polymer, has been deposited as a thin film by resonant infrared pulsed laser deposition using a free electron laser operating at 2.90 mum, a wavelength resonant with the hydroxl stretch. A comparison of the infrared absorbance of the deposited film and starting material shows no evidence of chemical decomposition in the film. Gel permeation chromatography shows that the film and starting material have nearly the same molar mass. The results are particularly applicable to the fabrication of chemical and biological sensors. The concept of resonant pulsed laser deposition using intrinsic vibrational modes may have wide applicability for organic materials. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Electron Laser Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 17 BP 2847 EP 2849 DI 10.1063/1.1406556 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 482UD UT WOS:000171594400057 ER PT J AU Elson, JM AF Elson, JM TI Propagation in planar waveguides and the effects of wall roughness SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX PROPAGATOR; CHANNEL WAVE-GUIDES AB We consider the propagation of guided waves in planar waveguide that has smooth walls except for finite length segment that has random roughness. Maxwell's equations re solved in the frequency domain for both TE nd TM polarization in 2-D by using modal expansion methods. Obtaining numerical solutions is facilitated by using perfectly matched boundary layers nd the R-matrix propagator. Varying lengths of roughness segments re considered nd numerical results are obtained for guided wave propagation losses due to roughness induced scattering. The roughness on each waveguide boundary is numerically generated from an assumed Gaussian power spectrum. The guided waves are excited by Gaussian beam incident on the waveguide aperture. Considerable numerical effort is given to determine the stability of the algorithm. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 22 PY 2001 VL 9 IS 9 BP 461 EP 475 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 484MN UT WOS:000171694300005 PM 19424364 ER PT J AU Johnson, PD Valla, T Fedorov, AV Yusof, Z Wells, BO Li, Q Moodenbaugh, AR Gu, GD Koshizuka, N Kendziora, C Jian, S Hinks, DG AF Johnson, PD Valla, T Fedorov, AV Yusof, Z Wells, BO Li, Q Moodenbaugh, AR Gu, GD Koshizuka, N Kendziora, C Jian, S Hinks, DG TI Doping and temperature dependence of the mass enhancement observed in the cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SELF-ENERGY; STATE; DENSITY; SURFACE; SCATTERING; SPECTRA AB High-resolution photoemission is used to study the electronic structure of the cuprate superconductor, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, as a function of hole doping and temperature. A kink observed in the band dispersion in the nodal line in the superconducting state is associated with coupling to a resonant mode observed in neutron scattering. From the measured real part of the self-energy it is possible to extract a coupling constant which is largest in the underdoped regime, then decreasing continuously into the overdoped regime. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. ISTEC, Superconduct Res Lab, Koto Ku, Tokyo 135, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Div Sci Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, PD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 36 TC 259 Z9 260 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 17 AR 177007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.177007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484UX UT WOS:000171708900048 PM 11690300 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Fey, AL AF Lazio, TJW Fey, AL TI Multifrequency very long baseline array observations of the compact double B2 2050+36: Constraints on interstellar scattering revisited SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (B2 2050+36); ISM : structure; radio continuum : ISM; scattering; turbulence ID ANGULAR BROADENING MEASUREMENTS; MHZ VLBI OBSERVATIONS; DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES; PULSAR SCINTILLATION; GALACTIC DISTRIBUTION; DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; PLASMA TURBULENCE; FREE-ELECTRONS; CYGNUS REGION; INNER SCALE AB We present multifrequency observations with the Very Long Baseline Array of the compact double radio source B2 2050+36. Our observations are at 0.33, 0.61, 1.67, 2.3, and 8.4 GHz, with the 0.61 GHz observations forming the third epoch of observation of this source at that frequency. At 0.61 GHz, the structure of B2 2050+36 is dominated by two components 56 mas apart. Within the uncertainties of the various measurements, this separation has remained unchanged for the past 16 yr. Any differential image wander caused by refractive interstellar scattering is less than 4 mas. Both the lack of differential image wander and the frequency dependence of the angular diameter of B2 2050+36 below 1 GHz indicate that the electron density power spectrum along this line of sight has a spectral index near the Kolmogorov value, with a value of 4 being highly unlikely. We conclude that diffractive scattering dominates along this line of sight; results in the literature indicate that this conclusion also holds true for the line of sight to the pulsar PSR B2020+28 from B2 2050+36). Comparison of our 1.67 GHz observations (8 degrees .7 with those obtained 21 yr previously place a limit on the projected linear separation velocity of the two components of c. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 698 EP 706 DI 10.1086/322958 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000017 ER PT J AU Lacey, CK Duric, N AF Lacey, CK Duric, N TI Cosmic-ray production and the role of supernovae in NGC 6946 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; galaxies : individual (NGC 6946); galaxies : ISM; supernova remnants ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; CASSIOPEIA-A; SHOCK FRONTS; NGC-6946; REMNANTS; ACCELERATION; M33; POPULATIONS; DISTANCES AB We present a study of 35 radio-selected supernova remnant (SNR) candidates in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946. In this study, an optically selected sample of 27 SNRs from Matonick & Fesen is compared to our sample of radio-selected SNRs. The optically selected SNRs are found to have almost no overlap with the radio-selected sample. This dichotomy is further enhanced by the observation that the optically selected SNRs favor the interarm regions, while the radio-emitting SNRs lie predominately on the spiral arms in or near regions of high star formation. The separation of the two samples of SNRs is discussed in terms of selection effects and differences in cosmic-ray production. The optical sample of SNRs is probably biased toward those SNRs located in areas of NGC 6946 where the confusion of Ha emission by H II regions is relatively low and the SNRs are easier to identify by their emission-line signatures. The radio-selected sample is also subject to selection biases such that these SNRs favor the arms. However, the absence of radio emission from the optically selected, largely interarm SNRs and the relatively large number of radio-detected SNRs in the arms require additional explanation. The properties of the radio-selected SNRs are discussed in the context of diffusive shock acceleration theory. We find that the theory can account for the range in radio flux densities and the nondetection of the optically selected SNRs. The differences in the radio properties between the arm and interarm population of SNRs can be explained by differences in the average gas densities and magnetic fields since the latter affect both the cosmic-ray yield and the radio properties of the SNRs. The possibility that the arm and interarm SNRs arise from different stellar populations is also addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Astrophys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Lacey, CK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 719 EP 729 DI 10.1086/323048 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000020 ER PT J AU Bietenholz, MF Kassim, NE Weiler, KW AF Bietenholz, MF Kassim, NE Weiler, KW TI The radio spectral index and expansion of 3C 58 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (3C 58); radio continuum : ISM; supernova remnants ID CRAB-NEBULA; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; FLUX-DENSITY; PLERIONS; SHELL; 3C-58 AB We present new observations of the plerionic supernova remnant 3C 58 with the VLA at 74 and 327 MHz. In addition, we re-reduced earlier observations at 1.4 and 4.9 GHz taken in 1973 and 1984. Comparing these various images, we find that (1) the remnant has a flat and relatively uniform spectral-index distribution, (2) any expansion of the remnant with time is significantly less than that expected for uniform, undecelerated expansion since the generally accepted explosion date in 1181 A.D., and (3) there is no evidence for a nonthermal synchrotron-emission shell generated by a supernova shock wave, with any such emission having a surface brightness of less than 1 x 10(-21) W m(-2) Hz(-1) sr(-1) at 327 MHz. C1 York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bietenholz, MF (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 772 EP 778 DI 10.1086/323066 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000025 ER PT J AU Long, JP Chase, SJ Kabler, MN AF Long, JP Chase, SJ Kabler, MN TI Photoelectron spectroscopy and dynamics of excitons in C-60 and photopolymerized C-60 films SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID C-60; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; STATES; RELAXATION; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; BAND; C60; GAP AB Pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy is used to study excited states in pristine and photopolymerized C-60. For the first time in a molecular solid, vibrationally broadened singlet (SI) and triplet (TI) exciton photoemission spectra are temporally isolated and unambiguously assigned. Complex transient behaviors of S, and T, populations, including non-Markovian decays and a strongly enhanced production of T, states at high excitation, provide evidence for interactions among excitons and free carriers. A new rate-equation model reproduces a wide range of both laser- and synchrotron-based data from polymerized films. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6125,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 2001 VL 347 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01030-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 483ZZ UT WOS:000171666900005 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA Spector, MS Gaber, BP TI Direct synthesis of periodic mesoporous organosilicas: Functional incorporation by co-condensation with organosilanes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; SILICA; MESOPHASES; PRECURSORS; FRAMEWORKS; CHEMISTRY AB Mesoscopic organosilicas were synthesized with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) under basic conditions. Further functionalization was achieved by co-condensation with trialkoxyorganosilanes. Surfactant extraction produced periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO's) functionalized with the respective organosilane pendent groups. Organosilanes used in this study include: 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(trimethoxysilylethyl)pyridine, n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole, phenethyltrimethoxysilane, and benzyltriethoxysilane. These materials have been characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), elemental analysis (EA), and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of organosilane incorporation on the porous structure of these materials is examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 199 Z9 205 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 18 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 41 BP 9935 EP 9942 DI 10.1021/jp011814k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 483BY UT WOS:000171614900005 ER PT J AU Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Molnar, RJ Lee, SK Lee, KY Song, IJ AF Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Molnar, RJ Lee, SK Lee, KY Song, IJ TI Identification of Si and O donors in hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW DONORS; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE AB Donor impurity excitation spectra in the infrared from two high-quality, not-intentionally doped, hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN wafers are reported. Two previously observed shallow donors which we designate N1 and N2 were observed in both wafers. However, spectra of one wafer are dominated by N1 and spectra of the other by N2. A comparison of infrared and secondary ion mass spectroscopic data allows identification of N1 as Si and N2 as O. Silicon is the shallowest uncompensated donor in these samples with an activation energy of 30.18 +/-0.1 meV in the freestanding Samsung wafer. The activation energy of O is found to be 33.20 +/-0.1 meV. An unidentified third donor with an activation energy of 31.23 +/-0.1 meV also was observed. Integrated absorption cross sections are found to be 8.5x10(-14) cm for Si and 8.6x10(-14) cm for O. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, BR-70000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Moore, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 13 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 16 BP 2570 EP 2572 DI 10.1063/1.1411985 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480MX UT WOS:000171466200023 ER PT J AU Malliaras, GG Shen, YL Dunlap, DH Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Malliaras, GG Shen, YL Dunlap, DH Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Nondispersive electron transport in Alq(3) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED ORGANIC MATERIALS; MOLECULARLY DOPED POLYMERS; CHARGE-CARRIER TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; ALUMINUM; DIPOLES; LATTICE; DIODES; MODEL AB We have studied room temperature electron transport in amorphous films of tris (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)) with the time-of-flight technique. Nondispersive photocurrent transients indicate the absence of intrinsic traps in well-purified films. Exposure of the films to ambient atmosphere results in highly dispersive transport, indicating that oxygen is a likely candidate for a trapping site. The mobility was found to obey the Poole-Frenkel law. We use the correlated disorder model to determine an effective dipole moment for Alq(3), and the corresponding meridional to facial isomeric ratio. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AY, England. RP Malliaras, GG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012; Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652; Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 26 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 16 BP 2582 EP 2584 DI 10.1063/1.1410343 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480MX UT WOS:000171466200027 ER PT J AU Hammar, PR Johnson, M AF Hammar, PR Johnson, M TI Spin-dependent current transmission across a ferromagnet-insulator-two-dimensional electron gas junction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; INJECTION; TRANSPORT; CHARGE AB The importance of using a low-transmission tunnel barrier for electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal to a semiconductor is experimentally tested. A set of ferromagnet-insulator-two-dimensional electron-gas device stuctures is fabricated. Spin-dependent transport is measured in both diode and potentiometric geometries. Results are compared for devices with junction resistances that vary by an order of magnitude. The spin polarization of the junction current is about 40% for high-resistance barriers, with little temperature dependence over the range 4 K < T < 295 K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 16 BP 2591 EP 2593 DI 10.1063/1.1408270 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480MX UT WOS:000171466200030 ER PT J AU Priya, S Ryu, J Uchino, K Viehland, D AF Priya, S Ryu, J Uchino, K Viehland, D TI Mechanical aging behavior of oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISING SPIN-GLASSES; ORDERED PHASE; SYMMETRY AB The aging characteristics of < 001 > -oriented Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals have been studied under electrical and mechanical drive. A significant increase in hysteretic loss and decrease in piezoelectric constant were observed under continuous excitation. Systematic investigations of piezoelectric aging were then performed using a novel mechanical fatigue method. Piezocrystals were placed between two magnetostrictive plates and clamped. Periodic longitudinal compressive stresses were generated by applying magnetic fields. At both short and long times, the piezoelectric constant was found to decrease slowly. However, in an intermediate range, a pronounced decrease was observed over a narrow time range. The dynamics of aging have been shown to scale to a hierarchical relaxation process, typical of disordered systems such as random field and glassy states. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Priya, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 16 BP 2624 EP 2626 DI 10.1063/1.1410335 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480MX UT WOS:000171466200041 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Highly electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) networks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; COPOLYMER AB We report greatly improved electromechanical performance from a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer by chemical cross linking. Curing with an organic peroxide in combination with a free-radical trap, followed by crystallization, yields a ferroelectric network exhibiting a high electrostrictive response. The electric-field-induced strains were measured at low frequency using an air gap capacitance method and by a noninterferometric optical technique. At electric fields as low as 9 MV/m, longitudinal strains of 12% are obtained. This is more than two orders of magnitude better than conventional vinylidene fluoride materials, and more than an order of magnitude larger than the best results reported to date on any fluoropolymer. Since the mechanical modulus of the network is high (similar to0.5 GPa), this work demonstrates the potential for extending the range of utility for polymer-based electromechanical materials. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 16 BP 2627 EP 2629 DI 10.1063/1.1409595 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480MX UT WOS:000171466200042 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Ranganathan, D Lakshmi, C AF Karle, IL Ranganathan, D Lakshmi, C TI Demonstration of a cystine unit as a promising turn scaffold for the design of a parallel U-shaped two-helix bundle motif: Crystal structure of the homodimer Cys(Aib(n))(2) (n=3,4) SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; ION-TRANSPORT; SOLID-STATE; CONFORMATION; EXAMPLE; FAMILY; MODEL C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 30902] NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 59 IS 5 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1002/1097-0282(20011015)59:5<301::AID-BIP1026>3.0.CO;2-D PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 471YY UT WOS:000170957300001 PM 11514932 ER PT J AU Brandow, SL Chen, MS Fertig, SJ Chrisey, LA Dulcey, CS Dressick, WJ AF Brandow, SL Chen, MS Fertig, SJ Chrisey, LA Dulcey, CS Dressick, WJ TI Surface patterning of polychloromethylstyrene films SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conducting materials; immobilization; photooxidation; polymer thin films; surface chemistry ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; 193 NM LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; HYPERBRANCHED POLYMER; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; P(SI-CMS) RESIST; NI DEPOSITION; METALLIZATION; WATER AB We describe and characterize a simple process for the fabrication of patterned materials on polychloromethylstyrene thin film surfaces under ambient conditions. Patterned deep UV exposure (similar to 60 mJ cm(-2), 193 nm) efficiently oxidizes the surface C-Cl bonds of the polymer film, producing an aldehyde species as the major photoproduct. Reductive amination in the presence of ammonium ion and cyanoborohydride reductant selectively converts the aldehyde into an alkylamine, which leads to an amine reactivity template on the film surface. The amines formed are sufficiently reactive to selectively and covalently bind fluorescent dye or electroless Ni metal to the template, which results in negative tone features with micron-scale resolutions (mask limited) in each case. Spectroscopic characterizations of the polymer surface following the photochemical transformation, reductive amination, and grafting steps are presented in support of the process. A key advantage of the method is the use of safe solvents, such as water or simple alcohols, to effect the reductive amination and grafting reactions. This approach mitigates waste disposal and associated environmental concerns, increasing the attractiveness of our method for use with high-throughput track-line processing equipment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Off Naval Res, Cognit Neural & Biomol Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Dulcey, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 7 IS 20 BP 4495 EP 4499 DI 10.1002/1521-3765(20011015)7:20<4495::AID-CHEM4495>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 483TG UT WOS:000171651500021 PM 11695684 ER PT J AU Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Castell, LM Berner, D Hudig, D Redelman, D AF Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Castell, LM Berner, D Hudig, D Redelman, D TI Variable quantitative expression of the MHC class II antigen (HLA-DR) on the immune cells of young healthy males SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 MA 13 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 487WW UT WOS:000171902900019 ER PT J AU Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Castel, LM Berner, D Hudig, D Redelman, D AF Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Castel, LM Berner, D Hudig, D Redelman, D TI Does an individual's quantitative immunophenotype indicate a predisposition for upper respiratory symptoms? SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 MA 12 BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 487WW UT WOS:000171902900018 ER PT J AU Guttroff, G Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Guttroff, G Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Photonic defect states in chains of coupled microresonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONFINED OPTICAL MODES; NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; CRYSTAL WAVE-GUIDES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; BAND-STRUCTURE; MICROCAVITIES; TRANSMISSION; PROPAGATION; DEPENDENCE; BENDS AB Defects in one-dimensional photonic crystals have been studied by angle-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy from which we obtain a comprehensive picture of the energies and field distributions of modes in the photon band gaps. The structures have been fabricated by coupling semiconductor microcavities that exhibit an index confinement of light in all three directions to linear chains. The defects are obtained by varying the size of one of the microcavities in the chain. Time-resolved spectroscopy demonstrates that the decay rate of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots into a defect mode is considerably enhanced (Purcell effect). C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guttroff, G (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 15 AR 155313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.155313 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 484MR UT WOS:000171694600057 ER PT J AU Nagano, T Tsumuraya, K Eguchi, H Singh, DJ AF Nagano, T Tsumuraya, K Eguchi, H Singh, DJ TI Electronic structure, bonding nature, and charge transfer in Ba@Si-20 and Si-20 clusters: An ab initio study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; NORM-CONSERVING PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SILICON CLUSTERS; METALLO-CARBOHEDRENES; SMALLEST FULLERENE; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE; FORMATION MECHANISM; CARBON FULLERENES; ENDOHEDRAL ATOMS AB First-principles electronic structure calculations are carried out for the Si-20 and endohedral Ba@Si-20 clusters, which appear in the silicon clathrate I and II. We analyze electronic structures, binding energies, charge transfers, and exohedral binding energies of single Si atoms on the Ba@Si-20 clusters, We compare the electronic structures of the Ba@Si-20 cluster with that of the corresponding hollow Si-20 cluster. We find that, unlike the hollow I-h Si-20 cluster which undergoes a structural change, the endohedral Ba atom in the Ba@Si-20 cluster stabilizes the cage structure with C-i symmetry slightly distorted from I-h symmetry. The computed geometrical charge transfer is 2.006e and the physical one is 0.063e for the endohedral Ba atom. The eigenstates of both the clusters can be understood on the basis of a simple model previously used to explain the spherical carbon fullerenes. The charge distribution, corresponded to the highest valence electron state, relates to the sp(3) bonding nature of the cage Si atoms of the Ba@Si-20 cluster. The top positions of the cage Si atoms on this cluster is the most unstable among the positions investigated despite the sp(3) bonding of the cage atoms; the position on the center of edge is the most stable for the exohedral Si atom; the hollow site at the center of the pentagonal ring is the second. The two exohedral positions, top and 6c sites, around the Ba@Si-20 cluster in the clathrate I are the most unstable among the positions. We discuss the mechanism of the growth of the clathrates I. C1 Meiji Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Sci & Syst Engn, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2418571, Japan. Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd, Res Lab, Tokyo 1358732, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nagano, T (reprint author), Meiji Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Sci & Syst Engn, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2418571, Japan. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 80 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 15 AR 155403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.155403 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 484MR UT WOS:000171694600072 ER PT J AU Aguiar, JC Hedstrom, RC Rogers, WO Charoenvit, Y Sacci, JB Lanar, DE Majam, VF Stout, RR Hoffman, SL AF Aguiar, JC Hedstrom, RC Rogers, WO Charoenvit, Y Sacci, JB Lanar, DE Majam, VF Stout, RR Hoffman, SL TI Enhancement of the immune response in rabbits to a malaria DNA vaccine by immunization with a needle-free jet device SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; Biojector; PfCSP ID HEPATITIS-B; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; AOTUS MONKEYS; PLASMID DNA; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGENICITY; VIRUS; ANESTHESIA; INDUCTION AB We compared the needle free jet device device Biojector (TM) with syringe/needle as a method to administer a DNA vaccine encoding the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) in albino rabbits. A group of three rabbits was injected by the intramuscular (IM) route using a syringe/needle combination, a second group EM with the Biojector (TM) device and a third group both IM and intradermal (ID) using the Biojector (TM). When animals were immunized with the Bicjector (TM) or IM/ID as compared to the syringe/needle IM, we observed 10- and 50-fold greater antibody titers, as measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), respectively. We also observed that the Biojector (TM) conferred a greater ability to prime the immune system as compared with the needle. The subsequent boosting of all animals with a recombinant canary pox virus (ALVAC) expressing PfCSP induced significantly hi g her titers in both Biojector (TM) groups of rabbits as compared with the needle and naive animals. These results provided the foundation for a clinical trial using the same regime. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bioject Inc, Portland, OR 97224 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Celera Genomics, 45 W Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 23 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00273-0 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 481GR UT WOS:000171512000039 PM 11567774 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Mariska, JT AF Doschek, GA Mariska, JT TI The physics of the solar lower transition region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID QUIET-SUN; SUMER OBSERVATIONS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; FINE-STRUCTURES; CORONA; SPECTROMETER; ULTRAVIOLET; MORPHOLOGY; TELESCOPE; NETWORK AB We discuss quiet-Sun intensities of spectral lines of O IV lambda 1401.16 and Si IV lambda 1402.77, their ratio, and their relation to expected properties of the lower solar transition region. The data consist of simultaneous measurements of the two line intensities for 16,988 pixels with spatial dimensions of 1 " square obtained by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. In ionization equilibrium, the electron temperatures of maximum concentration of the two ions are 1.6x10(5) and 6.3x10(4) K, respectively. Assuming ionization equilibrium, the line intensity ratio is directly proportional to the emission measure ratio between plasma at these temperatures. Thus, the observations represent 16,988 snapshots of two temperature regions of the differential emission measure at arcsecond spatial scales in the quiet Sun. We derive an average quiet-Sun pi 1401.16/lambda 1402.77 ratio, acquired from observations over 3 hr and a 30 " x 290 " spatial region, of 0.267 +/-0.050. The 1 sigma deviation of this ratio is only 20%, but it is about 2.4 times greater than expected purely from counting statistics. We also find that the ratio is about 20% smaller for the most intense features in the spectra. From analysis of another ratio, i.e., O IV lambda 1399.77/O IV lambda 1401.16, we argue that this decrease could be due to a higher electron density in the intense features relative to the lower intensity features. We discuss the implications of these observations for understanding the morphology of the transition region. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1086/322771 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482QT UT WOS:000171587300041 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, YM TI On the relationship between He II lambda 304 prominences and the photospheric magnetic field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere; Sun : prominences; Sun : UV radiation ID FILAMENT CHANNELS; FLUX TRANSPORT; FINE-STRUCTURE; ALPHA; MODEL; MASS; SUN; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION; FLOWS AB As observed in He II lambda 304 images recorded at high cadence, quiescent prominences resemble long-lived systems of jets, in which chromospheric material streams continually from one footpoint area to another. To further clarify the physical nature of the source regions, we have compared He II lambda 304 images of on-disk prominences (filaments) with line-of-sight magnetograms, employing data from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The quiescent filaments lie within channels separating the opposite-polarity network fields on each side and containing relatively weak magnetic flux of both polarities. The sideways extensions ("barbs") and endpoints of the filaments overlie smaller scale neutral lines, where opposite-polarity flux elements are in close contact and mutual cancellation occurs. From the chirality rules of Martin et al., we deduce that the barbs are rooted in minority-polarity flux on the "wrong" side of the large-scale photospheric neutral line, and we propose a mechanism for their formation based on the concept of supergranular diffusion. Our results support earlier suggestions that magnetic reconnection accompanying photospheric flux cancellation is the dominant mechanism for injecting mass into quiescent prominences. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7672W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1086/322495 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482QT UT WOS:000171587300045 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, LG Bradshaw, CF Wood, KS AF Titarchuk, LG Bradshaw, CF Wood, KS TI B-field determination from magnetoacoustic oscillations in kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation neutron star binaries: Theory and observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (Scorpius X-1); stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts ID X-RAY BINARIES; MILLISECOND PULSATIONS; LOW-FREQUENCY; FEATURES; SEARCHES AB We present a method for determining the B-field around neutron stars based on observed kilohertz and viscous quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequencies used in combination with the best-fit optical depth and temperature of a Comptonization model. In the framework of the transition layer QPO model, we analyze the magnetoacoustic wave (MAW) formation in the layer between a neutron star surface and the inner edge of a Keplerian disk. We derive formulas for the MAW frequencies for different regimes of radial transition layer oscillations. We demonstrate that our model can use the QPO as a new kind of probe to determine the magnetic field strengths for 4U 1728-42, GX 340+0, and Scorpius X-1 in the zone where the QPOs occur. Observations indicate that the dependence of the viscous frequency on the Keplerian frequency is closely related to the inferred dependence of the MAW frequency on the Keplerian frequency for a dipole magnetic field. The MAW dependence is based on a single parameter, the magnetic moment of the star as estimated from the field strength in the transition layer. The best-fit magnetic moment parameter is about (0.5-1) x 10(25) G cm(3) for all studied sources. From observational data, the magnetic fields within distances less than 20 km from the neutron star for all three sources are strongly constrained to be dipole fields with the strengths of 10(7)-10(8) G on the neutron star surface. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Titarchuk, LG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Room 103,Sci & Technol I, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/324219 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482RF UT WOS:000171588500013 ER PT J AU Vink, J Laming, JM Kaastra, JS Bleeker, JAM Bloemen, H Oberlack, U AF Vink, J Laming, JM Kaastra, JS Bleeker, JAM Bloemen, H Oberlack, U TI Detection of the 67.9 and 78.4 keV lines associated with the radioactive decay of Ti-44 in Cassiopeia A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID YOUNG SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; X-RAY ASTRONOMY; HALF-LIFE; CAS-A; EMISSION; ELECTRONS; ABUNDANCE; SHELL AB We report the detection of the Sc-44 nuclear decay lines at 67.9 and 78.4 keV associated with the nuclear decay of Ti-44 in Cassiopeia A. The line emission was observed by the Phoswich Detection System instrument on board BeppoSAX, which recently observed the supernova remnant for over 500 ks. The detection of the line emission with a flux of (2.1 +/-0.7) x 10(-5) photons cm(-2) s(-1) in each line (90% confidence) is at the 5 sigma significance level, if we can assume that the 12-300 keV continuum is adequately represented by a single power law. However, as the nature of the continuum is not clear, we investigate various other possibilities. A more conservative estimate of the line flux is made by assuming that a power-law continuum is at least a good approximation to the continuum emission for a narrower 30-100 keV energy range. With this limitation, the measured line flux is (1.9 +/-0.9) x 10(-5) photons cm(-2) s-(1,) with the detection still at the 3. 4 sigma significance level. We suggest that together with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory/COMPTEL measurement of the Ca-44 line at 1157 keV of (3.3 +/-0.6) x 10(-5) photons cm(-2) s(-1), a flux for all three lines of (2.5 +/-1.0) x 10(-5) photons cm(-2) s(-1) for Cas A can be adopted. This implies an initial Ti-44 mass of (0.8-2.5) x 10(-4) M-circle dot. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Vink, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, MC 5247,550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 33 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP L79 EP L82 DI 10.1086/324172 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482RF UT WOS:000171588500018 ER PT J AU Smith, GB Volino, RJ Handler, RA Leighton, RI AF Smith, GB Volino, RJ Handler, RA Leighton, RI TI The thermal signature of a vortex pair impacting a free surface SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE; HEAT-TRANSPORT; CONVECTION; LAYER; RING; BOUNDARY; FIELD; FLOWS; WATER; OCEAN AB The action of a rising vortex pair on the thermal boundary layer at an air-water interface is studied both experimentally and numerically. The objective is to relate variations in the surface temperature field to the hydrodynamics of the vortex pair below. The existence of a thermal boundary layer on the water side of an air-water interface is well known; it is this boundary layer which is disrupted by the action of the vortex system. Experimentally, the vortices were generated via the motion of a pair of submerged flaps. The flow was quantified through simultaneous measurement of both the subsurface velocity field, via digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), and the surface temperature field, via an infrared (IR) sensitive imager. The results of the physical experiments show a clearly defined disruption of the ambient thermal boundary layer which is well correlated with the vorticity field below. Numerical experiments were carried out in a parameter space similar,to that of the physical experiments. Included in the numerical experiments was a simple surfactant model which enabled the exploration of the complex role surface elasticity played in the vortex-free surface interaction. The results of this combined experimental and numerical investigation suggest that surface straining rate is an important parameter in correlating the subsurface flow with the surface temperature field. A model based on surface straining rate is presented to explain the interaction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, GB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 444 BP 49 EP 78 PG 30 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 479RC UT WOS:000171416500003 ER PT J AU Eom, J Johnson, M AF Eom, J Johnson, M TI Switchable superconducting quantum interferometers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; DYNAMICS; VALVE; FILM AB In a simple bilayer device structure, a ferromagnetic film spans a lithographically patterned superconducting loop. When the magnetization orientation is along the loop axis, magnetoquenched weak links are formed in each arm of the loop. Quantum interference effects are studied by applying a weak magnetic field perpendicular to the sample plane. Switching the magnetization between stable orientations parallel or perpendicular to the loop axis turns the interference ON or OFF, demonstrating a switchable superconducting quantum interference device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eom, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 15 BP 2486 EP 2488 DI 10.1063/1.1406142 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 478RL UT WOS:000171359100060 ER PT J AU Takeshita, S Takeshita, F Haddad, DE Janabi, N Klinman, DM AF Takeshita, S Takeshita, F Haddad, DE Janabi, N Klinman, DM TI Activation of microglia and astrocytes by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE astrocyte; CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; cytokines; microglia ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; MOTIFS; CELLS; DNA; INTERLEUKIN-6; CYTOKINES; INDUCTION AB Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs stimulate cells of the immune system to secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines. This function can be carried out by microglia and astrocytes in the CNS. To evaluate the effect of CpG ODIN on microglia and astrocytes, purified cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. CpG ODN rapidly up-regulated their production of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12, TNF alpha, MIP-I alpha and/or MIP-1 beta. In vivo, systemically administered CpG ODIN up-regulated the expression of mRNA encoding cytokines and chemokines in normal mouse brain. These findings suggest that CpG ODN can directly activate immune cells of the CNS. NeuroReport 12:3029-3032 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 US FDA, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NINCDS, Lab Mol Med & Neurosci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Klinman, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bldg 29A,Rm 3 D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 12 IS 14 BP 3029 EP 3032 DI 10.1097/00001756-200110080-00010 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 476ND UT WOS:000171232800009 PM 11568631 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Das, C Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Das, C Balaram, P TI Effects of hydrogen-bond deletion on peptide helices: Structural characterization of depsipeptides containing lactic acid SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE 14-residue peptides; helix reversal; helix termination; Lac contained in helical backbone; x-ray crystal structures ID SYNTHETIC PROTEIN MIMICS; BETA-HAIRPIN FORMATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; SCHELLMAN MOTIFS; MODULAR DESIGN; METHYL ACETATE; AMINO-ACIDS; CONFORMATIONS AB The insertion of a-hydroxy acids into peptide chains provides a convenient means for investigating the effects of hydrogen bond deletion on polypeptide secondary structures. The crystal structures of three oligopeptides containing L-lactic acid (Lac) residue have been determined. Peptide 1, Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Lac-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe (Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl; Aib: alpha -aminoisobutyric acid; OMe: methyl ester), and peptide 2, Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Lac-Leu-Aib-Val-Leu-Ome, adopt completely helical conformations in the crystalline state with the Lac(6) residue comfortably accommodated in the center of a helix. The distance between the O atoms of Leu(3) CO group and the Lac(6) O (ester) in both the structures is 3.1-3.3 Angstrom. The NMR and CD studies of peptide I and its all-amide analogue 4, Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-OMe, provide firm evidence for a continuous helical conformation in solution in both the cases. In a 14-residue peptide 3, Boc-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-Lac-Leu-OMe, residues Val(1)-Leu-(10) adopt a helical conformation. Aib(11) is the site of chiral reversal resulting in helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif Residues 12-14 adopt nonhelical conformations. The loss of the hydrogen bond near the C-terminus appears to facilitate the chiral reversal at Aib(I 1). (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(dagger). C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902] NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD OCT 5 PY 2001 VL 59 IS 4 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.1002/1097-0282(20011005)59:4<276::AID-BIP1024>3.0.CO;2-X PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 463UB UT WOS:000170494700007 PM 11473352 ER PT J AU Kolodny, N Kitov, S Vassell, MA Miller, VL Ware, LA Fegeding, K De La Vega, P Sacci, JB Lanar, DE AF Kolodny, N Kitov, S Vassell, MA Miller, VL Ware, LA Fegeding, K De La Vega, P Sacci, JB Lanar, DE TI Two-step chromatographic purification of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein from Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; Escherichia coli; recombinant protein expression; purification; circumsporozoite protein ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MALARIA VACCINE; EXPRESSION; SPOROZOITE; CYSTEINES; BINDING; ANTIGEN AB The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (PfCS) protein (aa 19-405) has been cloned and expressed in E. coli. The protein was purified in a two-step process that was rapid and reproducible. E. coli cells were grown to a high density before induction for 1 h. Cells were disrupted by high pressure microfluidization and the total bacterial protein solubilized in 6 M Gu-HCl. The protein was refolded while bound to Ni-NTA agarose by exchange of 6 M Gu-HCl for 8 M urea and then slow removal of the urea. The eluted protein was further purified on Q Sepharose Fast Flow using conditions developed to remove E. coli proteins and reduce endotoxin (to 10 EU/50 mug). Yield was 20 mg of PfCS protein from 10 g of wet cell paste. The final protein product bound to HepG2 liver cells in culture and inhibited the invasion of those cells by sporozoites in an ISI assay greater than 80% over control cultures when used at 10 mug/ml. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Sect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lanar, DE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 5 PY 2001 VL 762 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00340-1 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 473RR UT WOS:000171062300010 PM 11589461 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Pond, JM AF Cooke, SJ Pond, JM TI Modes in a Mobius wire-loaded cavity resonator SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave resonators; topology; electromagnetic modeling AB Resonant modes of Mobius wire-loaded cavities are determined by a fully three-dimensional numerical eigenfrequency analysis. Excellent agreement is achieved with experimental measurements of a loosely coupled Mobius wire in a copper cavity, for both the Mobius modes and the conventional generalized even modes. The field solutions provide insight applicable to suppression of the higher order modes that limit the out-of-band performance of the bandpass filters implemented with Mobius resonators. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1002/mop.1341 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 467CB UT WOS:000170682000003 ER PT J AU Evans, RN Gilardi, R AF Evans, RN Gilardi, R TI (Z)-2-nitroethenamine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID DELOCALIZATION AB The title compound (Z)-2-nitroethenamine, C2H4N2O2, is a small energetic compound composed of only C, H, N and O, with a density of 1.513 g cm(-3). The molecules of this crystal structure have bond lengths and angles that are characteristic of a type of push-pull ethylenes. The overall molecular organization in stacks of almost planar parallel layers is a result of intermolecular amine-to-nitro hydrogen bonding. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gilardi@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD OCT PY 2001 VL 57 BP o956 EP o958 DI 10.1107/S1600536801015124 PN 10 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 480GN UT WOS:000171453800052 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 2,5-Dinitro-7,9-dioxa-2,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C5H6N4O7, is a cyclic carbonate ester of 1,4-piperazine-2,3-diol. It contains only C, H, N, and O atoms, and has a high density of 1.828 Mg m(-3). C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD OCT PY 2001 VL 57 BP o913 EP o915 DI 10.1107/S1600536801014131 PN 10 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 480GN UT WOS:000171453800036 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC Carr, LW AF Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC Carr, LW TI Compressible dynamic stall control using dynamic shape adaptation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, React Flow Environm Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, NASA, Joint Inst Aeronaut,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, React Flow Environm Branch, MS 260-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2021 EP 2024 DI 10.2514/2.1196 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 480CV UT WOS:000171445200025 ER PT J AU Ruha, AM Wallace, K Tanen, DA Patel, P AF Ruha, AM Wallace, K Tanen, DA Patel, P TI Dilute diquat death SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID INGESTION C1 Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, Phoenix, AZ 85062 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ruha, AM (reprint author), Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, Phoenix, AZ 85062 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 527 EP 528 DI 10.1053/ajem.2001.25781 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 481NG UT WOS:000171525300020 PM 11593481 ER PT J AU Gerstenfeld, TS Wing, DA AF Gerstenfeld, TS Wing, DA TI Rectal misoprostol versus intravenous oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 05-10, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Medicine DE postpartum hemorrhage; misoprostol; third stage of labor ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED TRIAL; 3RD STAGE; ORAL MISOPROSTOL; ADMINISTERED MISOPROSTOL; LABOR; MANAGEMENT; ERGOMETRINE AB OBJECTIVE: To compare rectally administered misoprostol to intravenously administered oxytocin for the management of third-stage labor. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects were randomized to receive two, 200-mug misoprostol tablets rectally (study medication) plus 2 mL saline in Ringer's lactate intravenously or two lactose tablets rectally plus 20 units oxytocin in Ringer's lactate intravenously (control medication). Blood loss was determined by estimation, measurement, and change in hematocrit values from admission to postpartum day 1. Subjects were excluded if cesarean delivery was required. RESULTS: A total of 325 women underwent analysis. By estimation, 21 % of subjects and 15% of controls had postpartum hemorrhage (P =.17). By using measured blood loss, we determined that 70 of 154 (46%) study subjects and 61 of 161 (38%) control subjects had postpartum hemorrhage (P =.17). For 36 (23%) misoprostol subjects and 18 (11%) oxytocin subjects at least one additional agent was required to control bleeding (P =.004). CONCLUSION: Rectal misoprostol (400 mug) was no more effective than intravenous oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol,Div Maternal Fetal Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Gerstenfeld, TS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 185 IS 4 BP 878 EP 882 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.117360 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 485BQ UT WOS:000171734000020 PM 11641670 ER PT J AU Denardo, B Pringle, L DeGrace, C McGuire, M AF Denardo, B Pringle, L DeGrace, C McGuire, M TI When do bubbles cause a floating body to sink? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The introduction of gas bubbles into a liquid might be expected to cause a relatively large floating body to sink when the average density of the fluid is less than the average density of the body. However, the rising bubbles could entrain the liquid, which would produce an upward drag on the body and thus lower the fluid density required to sink the body. Due to this drag, it is in fact not clear whether any amount of bubbles can cause a floating body to sink. In addition, there are many other effects that could alter the requisite fluid density. We describe qualitative lecture demonstrations which show that bubbles can indeed sink a body, including the case of ice in water. We also describe a quantitative experiment to determine the density of bubbly water required to sink a spherical body. The specific gravity of this body is varied from 0.99 to 0.75, and the results are compared to a simple theory. (C) 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Denardo, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1064 EP 1072 DI 10.1119/1.1383600 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 475MP UT WOS:000171168500006 ER PT J AU Torkar, K Riedler, W Escoubet, CP Fehringer, M Schmidt, R Grard, RJL Arends, H Rudenauer, F Steiger, W Narheim, BT Svenes, K Torbert, R Andre, M Fazakerley, A Goldstein, R Olsen, RC Pedersen, A Whipple, E Zhao, H AF Torkar, K Riedler, W Escoubet, CP Fehringer, M Schmidt, R Grard, RJL Arends, H Rudenauer, F Steiger, W Narheim, BT Svenes, K Torbert, R Andre, M Fazakerley, A Goldstein, R Olsen, RC Pedersen, A Whipple, E Zhao, H TI Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster - implementation and first results SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE space plasma physics; spacecraft sheaths, wakes, charging; instruments and techniques; active perturbation experiments ID METAL ION-SOURCE; PHOTOELECTRON SHEATH; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERE; PHOTOEMISSION; MISSION AB Electrostatic charging of a spacecraft modifies the distribution of electrons and ions before the particles enter the sensors mounted on the spacecraft body. The floating potential of magnetospheric satellites in sunlight very often reaches several tens of volts, making measurements of the cold (several eV) component of the ambient ions impossible. The plasma electron data become contaminated by large fluxes of photoelectrons attracted back into the sensors. The Cluster spacecraft are equipped with emitters of the liquid metal ion source type, producing indium ions at 5 to 9 keV energy at currents of some tens of microampere. This current shifts the equilibrium potential of the spacecraft to moderately positive values, The design and principles of the operation of the instrument for active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) are presented in detail. Experience with spacecraft potential control from the commissioning phase and the first two months of the operational phase are now available. The instrument is operated with constant ion current for most of the time, but tests have been carried out with varying currents and a "feedback" mode with the instrument EFW which measures the spacecraft potential. That has been reduced to values according to expectations. In addition, the low energy electron measurements show substantially reduced fluxes of photoelectrons as expected. The flux decrease in photoelectrons returning to the spacecraft, however, occurs at the expense of an enlarged sheath around the spacecraft which causes problems for boom-mounted probes. C1 Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, A-8042 Graz, Austria. ESA, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. IAEA, Safeguards Analyt Lab, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Austrian Res Ctr Seibersdorf, Inst Phys, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Forsvarets Forskningsinstit, Avdeling Elek, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala Div, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. UCL, Dept Phys, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking, Surrey, England. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Blindern, Norway. Univ Washington, Dept Geophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Torkar, K (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. EM klaus.torkar@oeaw.ac.at RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 25 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1289 EP 1302 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522AH UT WOS:000173873200009 ER PT J AU James, LF Preibe, CE Marchette, DJ AF James, LF Preibe, CE Marchette, DJ TI Consistent estimation of mixture complexity SO ANNALS OF STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE finite mixture model; number of components; semiparametric ID HELLINGER DISTANCE ESTIMATION; BAYESIAN DENSITY-ESTIMATION; FINITE MIXTURE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; LOCATION; NUMBER; KERNEL; ORDER AB The consistent estimation of mixture complexity is of fundamental importance in many applications of finite mixture models. An enormous body of literature exists regarding the application, computational issues and theoretical aspects of mixture models when the number of components is known, but estimating the unknown number of components remains an area of intense research effort. This article presents a semiparametric methodology yielding almost sure convergence of the estimated number of components to the true but unknown number of components. The scope of application is vast, as mixture models are routinely employed across the entire diverse application range of statistics, including nearly all of the social and experimental sciences. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP James, LF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI BEACHWOOD PA PO BOX 22718, BEACHWOOD, OH 44122 USA SN 0090-5364 J9 ANN STAT JI Ann. Stat. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1296 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 513DB UT WOS:000173361700004 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, SMF TI Depolarization and principal Mueller matrix measured by null ellipsometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SPECULAR SCATTERING; ERROR ANALYSIS; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETRY; REFLECTION; COMPONENTS; SURFACES; GLASS AB Methods for accurately measuring depolarization and principal Mueller matrix by null ellipsometry are devised. The measurement errors obtained with these methods are analyzed, and methods to correct for the errors are devised. The depolarization spectrum measured directly by null ellipsometry for a sapphire slab agrees excellently with the depolarization spectrum reduced indirectly from the retardance spectrum measured by rotating analyzer ellipsometry and the depolarization spectrum simulated for the retardance spread caused by a finite bandwidth of monochromator [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 2067 (2001)]. The measured cross-polarized depolarization. for the sapphire slab is much smaller than the total depolarization. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Div Phys, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Div Phys, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM neesf@navair.navy.mil NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 28 BP 4933 EP 4939 DI 10.1364/AO.40.004933 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 475ND UT WOS:000171169800002 PM 18364769 ER PT J AU Jackson, EM Weaver, BD Shojah-Ardalan, S Wilkins, R Seabaugh, AC Brar, B AF Jackson, EM Weaver, BD Shojah-Ardalan, S Wilkins, R Seabaugh, AC Brar, B TI Irradiation effects in InGaAs/InAlAs high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEMTS; IONIZATION; RECOVERY; IMPACT AB The radiation tolerance of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on InGaAs/InAlAs lattice matched to InP has been studied. At low fluences of 3 MeV He(+) ions, the only effect is a reduction in the leakage currents. At higher fluences, the drain current decreases, the threshold voltage increases toward zero, and the transconductance decreases. These results are consistent with increased trapping in the donor layer and increased scattering in the channel layer. Radiation-induced increases in the threshold voltage occur three to nine times more slowly here than in GaAs/AlGaAs HEMTs, indicating high radiation tolerance. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20875 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91358 USA. RP Jackson, EM (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20875 USA. EM weaver1@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2279 EP 2281 DI 10.1063/1.1408904 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900052 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RE Combs, RJ AF Shaffer, RE Combs, RJ TI Comparison of spectral and interferogram processing methods using simulated passive Fourier transform infrared remote sensing data SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE chemometrics; multivariate calibration; pattern recognition; FT-IR; interferogram; single-beam spectra; radiometric model; remote sensing; net analyte signal ID MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION MODELS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; AUTOMATED DETECTION; FTIR SPECTROMETRY; IR; SPECTROSCOPY; ALGORITHM; EMISSION; VAPORS; PLUMES AB Computer-generated synthetic single-beam spectra and interferograms provide a means of comparing signal processing strategies that are employed with passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) sensors. With the use of appropriate radiance models and spectrometer characteristics, synthetic data are generated for one-, two-, and four-component mixtures of organic vapors (ethanol, methanol, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone) in two passive FT-IR remote sensing scenarios. The single-beam spectra are processed by using Savitsky-Golay smoothing and first-derivative and second-derivative filters. Interferogram data are processed by Fourier filtering using Gaussian-shaped bandpass digital filters. Pattern recognition is performed with soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). Quantitative models for the target gas integrated concentration-pathlength product are built by using either partial least-squares (PLS) regression or locally weighted regression (LWR). Pattern recognition and calibration models of the filtered spectra or interferograms produced comparable results. Discrimination of target analytes in complex mixtures requires a sufficiently large temperature differential between the infrared background source and analyte cloud. Quantitative analysis is found to be possible only when the temperature of the analyte cloud is stable or known and differs significantly from the background temperature. Net analyte signal (NAS) methods demonstrate that interferogram and spectral processing methods supply identical information for multivariate pattern recognition and calibration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, SBC Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, POB 8, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1404 EP 1413 DI 10.1366/0003702011953540 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 488YT UT WOS:000171965100020 ER PT J AU Strateva, I Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Narayanan, VK Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Csabai, I Castander, FJ Doi, M Fukugita, M Gyory, Z Hamabe, M Hennessy, G Ichikawa, T Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Okamura, S Racusin, J Sekiguchi, M Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K York, D AF Strateva, I Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Narayanan, VK Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Csabai, I Castander, FJ Doi, M Fukugita, M Gyory, Z Hamabe, M Hennessy, G Ichikawa, T Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Okamura, S Racusin, J Sekiguchi, M Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K York, D TI Color separation of galaxy types in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; LUMINOSITY; OBJECTS; ATLAS; STARS AB We study the optical colors of 147,920 galaxies brighter than g* = 21, observed in five bands by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) over similar to 100 deg(2) of high Galactic latitude sky along the celestial equator. The distribution of galaxies in the g*-r* versus u*-g* color-color diagram is strongly bimodal, with an optimal color separator of u*-r* = 2.22. We use visual morphology and spectral classification of subsamples of 287 and 500 galaxies, respectively, to show that the two peaks correspond roughly to early- (E, S0, and Sa) and late-type (Sb, Sc, and Irr) galaxies, as expected from their different stellar populations. We also find that the colors of galaxies are correlated with their radial profiles, as measured by the concentration index and by the likelihoods of exponential and de Vaucouleurs' profile fits. While it is well known that late-type galaxies are bluer than early-type galaxies, this is the first detection of a local minimum in their color distribution. In all SDSS bands, the counts versus apparent magnitude relations for the two color types are significantly different and demonstrate that the fraction of blue galaxies increases toward the faint end. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Strateva, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 39 TC 839 Z9 849 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1861 EP 1874 DI 10.1086/323301 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 479TY UT WOS:000171420700017 ER PT J AU Wilson, JC Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Skrutskie, MF Monet, DG Houck, JR AF Wilson, JC Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Skrutskie, MF Monet, DG Houck, JR TI Three wide-separation L dwarf companions from the Two Micron All Sky Survey: Gliese 337C, Gliese 618.1B, and HD 89744B SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; infrared radiation; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; INFRARED SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; LATE F-DWARF; BROWN DWARFS; LITHIUM DEPLETION; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; BINARY STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY AB We present two confirmed wide-separation L dwarf common proper-motion companions to nearby stars and one candidate identified from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Spectral types from optical spectroscopy are L0 V, L2.5 V, and L8 V. Near-infrared, low-resolution spectra of the companions are provided, as well as a grid of known objects spanning M6 VET dwarfs to support spectral type assignment for these and future L dwarfs in the z'JHK bands. Using published measurements, we estimate ages of the companions from physical properties of the primaries. These crude ages allow us to estimate companion masses using theoretical low-mass star and brown dwarf evolutionary models. The new L dwarfs in this paper bring the number of known wide-binary (Delta greater than or equal to 100 AU) L dwarf companions of nearby stars to nine. One of the L dwarfs is a wide-separation companion to the F7 IV-V+extrasolar planet system HD 89744Ab. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Wilson, JC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jcw14@cornell.edu; davy@ipac.caltech.edu; gizis@whitesands.ipac.caltech.edu; skrutski@north.astro.umass.edu; dgm@nofs.navy.mil; jrh13@cornell.edu NR 90 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1989 EP 2000 DI 10.1086/323134 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 479TY UT WOS:000171420700028 ER PT J AU Kerscher, M Mecke, K Schuecker, P Bohringer, H Guzzo, L Collins, CA Schindler, S De Grandi, S Cruddace, R AF Kerscher, M Mecke, K Schuecker, P Bohringer, H Guzzo, L Collins, CA Schindler, S De Grandi, S Cruddace, R TI Non-Gaussian morphology on large scales: Minkowski functionals of the REFLEX cluster catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE large-scale structure of Universe; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : observation; cosmology : theory ID REDSHIFT SURVEY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; UNIVERSE; TOPOLOGY; CONSTRAINTS; STATISTICS; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; COUNTS AB In order to quantify higher-order correlations of the galaxy cluster distribution we use a complete family of additive measures which give scale-dependent morphological information. Minkowski functionals can be expressed analytically in terms of integrals of n-point correlation functions. They can be compared with measured Minkowski functionals of volume limited samples extracted from the Reflex survey. We find significant non-Gaussian features in the large-scale spatial distribution of galaxy clusters. A Gauss-Poisson process can be excluded as a viable model for the distribution of galaxy clusters at the significance level of 95%. C1 Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Stuttgart, Fak Phys, Inst Theoret & Angew Phys, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Brera, Merate, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM Kerscher@theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de RI Mecke, Klaus/C-5562-2013; OI GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 74 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 377 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011063 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 474DB UT WOS:000171088200002 ER PT J AU Wittkowski, M Hummel, CA Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Hajian, AR White, NM AF Wittkowski, M Hummel, CA Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Hajian, AR White, NM TI Direct multi-wavelength limb-darkening measurements of three late-type giants with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; techniques : high angular resolution; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : atmospheres; stars : late-type ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; SPECKLE-MASKING INTERFEROMETRY; ANGULAR DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; STELLAR INTERFEROMETER; STARS; RADII; SUPERGIANTS; MODEL; MIRA; TELESCOPE AB We present direct measurements of the limb-darkened intensity profiles of the late-type giant stars HR5299, HR7635, and HR8621 obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI) at the Lowell Observatory. A triangle of baselines with lengths of 18.9 m, 22.2 m, and 37.5 m was used. We utilized squared visibility amplitudes beyond the first minimum, as well as triple amplitudes and phases in up to 10 spectral channels covering a wavelength range of similar to 650 nm to similar to 850 nm. We find that our data can best be described by featureless symmetric limb-darkened disk models while uniform disk and fully darkened disk models can be rejected. We derive high-precision angular limb-darkened diameters for the three stars of 7.44 mas +/- 0.11 mas, 6.18 mas +/- 0.07 mas, and 6.94 mas +/- 0.12 mas, respectively. Using the HIPPARCOS parallaxes, we determine linear limb-darkened radii of 114 R. +/- 13 R., 56 R. +/- 4 R., and 98 R. +/- 9 R., respectively. We compare our data to a grid of Kurucz stellar model atmospheres, with them derive the effective temperatures and surface gravities without additional information, and find agreement with independent estimates derived from empirical calibrations and bolometric fluxes. This confirms the consistency of model predictions and direct observations of the limb-darkening effect. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USRA, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Wittkowski, M (reprint author), USN Observ, AD5,3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM mwittkow@eso.org; cah@usno.navy.mil; kjj@astro.usno.navy.mil; mozurk@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; hajian@usno.navy.mil; nmw@lowell.edu OI Wittkowski, Markus/0000-0002-7952-9550 NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 377 IS 3 BP 981 EP 993 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011124 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480JH UT WOS:000171457900022 ER PT J AU Kassim, NE Clarke, TE Ensslin, TA Cohen, AS Neumann, DM AF Kassim, NE Clarke, TE Ensslin, TA Cohen, AS Neumann, DM TI Low-frequency VLA observations of Abell 754: Evidence for a cluster radio halo and possible radio relics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (A754); galaxies : halos; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; radio continuum : galaxies; shock waves ID COSMIC-RAY PROTONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SKY SURVEY; GALAXIES; EMISSION; ORIGIN; MERGER AB We present 74 and 330 MHz VLA observations of Abell 754. Diffuse, halo-like emission is detected from the center of the cluster at both frequencies. At 330 MHz, the resolution of 90" distinguishes this extended emission from previously known point sources. In addition to the halo, and at a much lower level, outlying steep-spectrum emission regions straddle the cluster center and are seen only at 74 MHz. The location, morphology, and spectrum of this emission are all highly suggestive of at least one, and possibly two, cluster radio relics. Easily obtained higher resolution, higher sensitivity VLA observations at both frequencies are required to confirm the extended nature of the halo-like emission and the 74 MHz relic detections. However, since there is prior evidence that this cluster is or has recently been in the process of a major merger event, the possible discovery of relics in this system is of great interest in light of recent observational and theoretical evidence in favor of a merger-relic connection. We discuss the possible role that the merger shock waves, which are seen in the X-ray emission, may have played in the formation of the halo and radio relics in A754. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Kassim, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1086/322381 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800020 ER PT J AU Lacey, CK Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Duric, N Briggs, DS Dyer, KK AF Lacey, CK Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Duric, N Briggs, DS Dyer, KK TI Spatially resolved thermal continuum absorption against supernova remnant W49B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (W49B); ISM : structure; radio lines : ISM; scattering; supernova remnants ID GALACTIC DISTRIBUTION; FREE-ELECTRONS; RADIO; CLOUDS; PULSAR; MHZ AB We present subarcminute resolution imaging of the Galactic supernova remnant W49B at 74 MHz (25") and 327 MHz (6"), the former being the lowest frequency at which the source has been resolved. While the 327 MHz image shows a shell-like morphology similar to that seen at higher frequencies, the 74 MHz image is considerably different, with the southwest region of the remnant almost completely attenuated. The implied 74 MHz optical depth (approximate to1.6) is much higher than the intrinsic absorption levels seen inside two other relatively young remnants, Cas A and the Crab Nebula, nor are natural variations in the relativistic electron energy spectra expected at such levels. The geometry of the absorption is also inconsistent with intrinsic absorption. We attribute the absorption to extrinsic free-free absorption by an intervening cloud of thermal electrons. Its presence has already been inferred from the low-frequency turnover in the integrated continuum spectrum and from the detection of radio recombination lines toward the remnant. Our observations confirm the basic conclusions of those measurements, and our observations have resolved the absorber into a complex of classical H II regions surrounded either partially or fully by low-density H II gas. We identify this low-density gas as an extended H II region envelope (EHE), whose statistical properties were inferred from low-resolution meter- and centimeter-wavelength recombination line observations. Comparison of our radio images with H I and H2CO observations shows that the intervening thermal gas is likely associated with neutral and molecular material as well. This EHE may be responsible for the enhanced radio-wave scattering seen in the general direction of the W49 complex. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lacey, CK (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 954 EP 962 DI 10.1086/322372 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800033 ER PT J AU Milne, PA The, LS Leising, MD AF Milne, PA The, LS Leising, MD TI Late light curves of type I alpha supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; gamma rays : theory; supernovae : general ID WHITE-DWARF MODELS; NEBULAR SPECTRA; SN 1991T; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; MAXIMUM LIGHT; HIGH-REDSHIFT; RISE TIMES; X-RAY; EVOLUTION; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB We extend earlier efforts to determine whether the late (t greater than or equal to 60 days) light curves of Type Ia SNe are better explained by the escape of positrons from the ejecta or by the complete deposition of positron kinetic energy in a trapping magnetic field. We refine our selection of Ia SNe, using those that have extensive BV RI photometry 35 days or more after maximum light. Assuming that all SNe within a given Deltam(15)(B) range form a distinct subclass, we fit a combined light curve for all class members with a variety of models. We improve our previous calculations of energy deposition rates by including the transport of the Comptonized electrons. Their nonlocal and time-dependent energy deposition produces a correction of as much as 0.10 mag for Chandrasekhar-mass models and 0.18 mag for sub-Chandrasekhar-mass models. We produce bolometric corrections, derived from measured spectra, to B, V, R, and I light curves after day 50. Comparisons of the resulting bolometric light curves with simulated energy deposition rates demonstrate that the energy deposition from the photons and positrons created in Co-56 --> Fe-56 decays are consistent with the observations if positron escape is assumed. This implies that there is no evidence of additional sources of energy deposition or of a shift of emission into unobserved wavelength ranges between days 60 and 900. The V band is shown to be an accurate indicator of total emission in the 3500-9700 Angstrom range, with a constant fraction (similar to 25%) appearing in the V band after day 50. This suggests that the V band scales with the bolometric luminosity and that the deposited energy is instantaneously recycled into optical emission during this epoch. We see significant evolution of the colors of SNe Ia between days 50 and 170. We suggest that this may be due to the transition from spectra dominated by emission lines from the radioactive nucleus, Co-56, to those from the stable daughter nucleus, Fe-56. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 86 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 1019 EP 1031 DI 10.1086/322352 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800039 ER PT J AU Manoharan, PK Tokumaru, M Pick, M Subramanian, P Ipavich, FM Schenk, K Kaiser, ML Lepping, RP Vourlidas, A AF Manoharan, PK Tokumaru, M Pick, M Subramanian, P Ipavich, FM Schenk, K Kaiser, ML Lepping, RP Vourlidas, A TI Coronal mass ejection of 2000 July 14 flare event: Imaging from near-Sun to Earth environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : radio radiation ID SOLAR-WIND SPEED; RADIO; INTERPLANETARY; DENSITY; CYCLE AB We report the results of our investigation of interplanetary effects caused by the large solar flare (X5.7/3B) that occurred on 2000 July 14. In association with this event a bright, fast, halo coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed. The analysis of multiwavelength, high-cadence images obtained from the Radioheliograph shows the on-disk signatures of the initiation of the CME at low-coronal Nancay heights, less than or equal to2 R-circle dot. The formation of the CME inferred from the radio data indicates a nearly developed halo at the low corona. The white-light images and CME follow-up measurements in the interplanetary medium also show, in agreement with the radio data, the propagation of the fully developed halo CME. The inference on the consequences of the CME in the inner heliosphere is from the interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations obtained with the Ooty Radio Telescope and multiantenna system at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory. Scintillation measurements at Ooty on a grid of a large number of radio sources provided an opportunity to image the disturbance associated with the CME at different distances from the Sun before its arrival at the near-Earth space. The scintillation data in particular also played a crucial role in understanding the radial evolution of the speed of the CME in the inner heliosphere. The "speed-distance" plot indicates a two-level deceleration : (1) a low decline in speed at distances within or about 100 solar radii and (2) a rapid decrease at larger distances from the Sun. The linear increase in the size of the CME with radial distance is also briefly discussed. The expansion of the CME, formation of the halo in the low corona, and its speed history in the interplanetary medium suggest a driving energy, which is likely supplied by the twisted magnetic flux rope system associated with the CME. C1 Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Radio Astron Ctr, Udhagamandalam 643001, Ooty, India. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Japan. Observ Paris, DASOP, F-92195 Meudon, France. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manoharan, PK (reprint author), Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Radio Astron Ctr, POB 8, Udhagamandalam 643001, Ooty, India. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 24 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1189 DI 10.1086/322332 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800053 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Waltman, EB Ghigo, FD Fiedler, RL Foster, RS Johnston, KJ AF Lazio, TJW Waltman, EB Ghigo, FD Fiedler, RL Foster, RS Johnston, KJ TI A dual-frequency, multiyear monitoring program of compact radio sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : general; scattering; surveys ID ASTRONOMICAL TIME-SERIES; SHOCKED RELATIVISTIC JETS; REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; REFRACTIVE INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; OPTICAL-IDENTIFICATION STATUS; EXTREME SCATTERING EVENTS; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; WAVE BAND QUIESCENT; X-RAY VARIABILITY; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION AB We present light curves for 149 sources monitored with the Green Bank Interferometer. The light curves are at two radio frequencies (approximately 2.5 and 8.2 GHz) and range from 3 to 15 yr in length, covering the interval 1979-1996, and have a typical sampling of one flux density measurement every 2 days. We have used these light curves to conduct various variability analysis (rms flux density variations and autoregressive, integrated, moving average modeling) of these sources. We find suggestive though not unambiguous evidence that these sources have a common, broadband mechanism for intrinsic variations, in agreement with previous studies of a subset of these sources. We also find that the sources generally display a short-term variability (similar to 10 days) that arises from radio-wave scattering in an extended medium. These conclusions extend those of Fiedler et al., who used a subsample of these data. The primary motivation for this monitoring program was the identification of extreme scattering events (ESEs). In an effort to identify ESEs in a systematic manner, we have taken the wavelet transform of the light curves. We find 15 events in the light curves of 12 sources that we classify as probable ESEs. However, we also find that five ESEs previously identified from these data do not survive our wavelet selection criteria. Future identification of ESEs will probably continue to rely on both visual and systematic methods. Instructions for obtaining the data are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 2 BP 265 EP 392 DI 10.1086/322531 PG 128 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486CA UT WOS:000171799800002 ER PT J AU Baumgardner, D Jonsson, H Dawson, W O'Connor, D Newton, R AF Baumgardner, D Jonsson, H Dawson, W O'Connor, D Newton, R TI The cloud, aerosol and precipitation spectrometer: a new instrument for cloud investigations SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation CY AUG 14-17, 2000 CL DESERT RES INST, RENO, NEVADA SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, ICCP, IAMAS HO DESERT RES INST DE particle measurements; aerosol spectrometer; cloud droplet spectrometer ID SIZE-DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL ARRAY PROBES; FSSP AB A new airborne particle spectrometer has been developed with the same measurement capabilities of the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probes (FSSP) models 100 and 300 (FSSP-300 and FSSP-100), two-dimensional optical imaging probe (2D-OAP), the Multiangle Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (MASP) and hot-wire liquid water probe, but with a single integrated system. The cloud, aerosol and precipitation spectrometer (CAPS) measures particles from 0.35 mum to 1.55 mm in diameter and liquid water content (LWC) from 0.01 to 3 g m(-3). In addition to combining five probes into one, it measures airspeed at the sample volume and transmits a data stream that requires no special interfaces to communicate with most computers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80308 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 21 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 59 SI SI BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00119-3 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 503JL UT WOS:000172795300014 ER PT J AU Huang, NE Chern, CC Huang, K Salvino, LW Long, SR Fan, KL AF Huang, NE Chern, CC Huang, K Salvino, LW Long, SR Fan, KL TI A new spectral representation of earthquake data: Hilbert spectral analysis of station TCU129, Chi-Chi, Taiwan, 21 September 1999 SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A new method of spectral analysis, using an approach we call the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert spectrum analysis (HSA), is presented. The EMD method decomposes any data into a finite number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components with time-variable amplitudes and frequencies. This decomposition is nearly orthogonal and totally adaptive. With the decomposition, a Hilbert, rather than Fourier, transform is applied to each IMF component, which gives each component instantaneous frequency and energy density. This approach is totally new, and it is different from any of the existing methods: it uses differentiation to define the frequency rather than the traditional convolution computation; thus, it gives the instantaneous frequency and energy density. The greatest advantage of the new approach is that it is the only spectral analysis method applicable to nonstationary and nonlinear data. To illustrate the capability of his new method, we have applied it to the earthquake record from station TCU129, at Chi-Chi, Taiwan, collected during the 21 September 1999 earthquake. The same record is also analyzed with Fourier analysis, wavelet transform, and response spectrum analysis. Comparisons among the different analysis methods indicate that the Hilbert spectral analysis gives the most detailed information in a time-frequency-energy presentation. It also emphasizes the potentially damage-causing low-frequency energy in the earthquake signal missed by all the other methods. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. Infometr Int Inc, Big Sky Engn Consultants, Taipei, Taiwan. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Huang, NE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Code 971, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Long, Steven/D-7248-2012 NR 19 TC 77 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1310 EP 1338 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 497ME UT WOS:000172458800035 ER PT J AU Durazo, R Baumgartner, TR Bograd, SJ Collins, CA De La Campa, S Garcia, J Gaxiola-Castro, G Huyer, A Hyrenbach, KD Loya, D Lynn, RJ Schwing, FB Smith, RL Sydeman, WJ Wheeler, P AF Durazo, R Baumgartner, TR Bograd, SJ Collins, CA De La Campa, S Garcia, J Gaxiola-Castro, G Huyer, A Hyrenbach, KD Loya, D Lynn, RJ Schwing, FB Smith, RL Sydeman, WJ Wheeler, P TI The state of the California Current, 2000-2001: A third straight La Nina year SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; TRANSITION; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN; SEABIRDS; REGIME AB This report is the eighth in a series that describe recent oceanographic observations within the California Current system, from Oregon to Baja California. The emphasis here is placed on the observations conducted concurrently by the CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations), IMECOCAL (Investigaciones Mexicanas de la COrriente de CALifornia), and GLOBEC-LTOP (GLOBal Ecosystems Long-Term Observation Program) programs from April 2000 to January 2001. The large-scale oceanic and atmospheric conditions over the tropical Pacific indicated a third straight La Nina year. Coastal conditions exhibited weaker than normal upwelling off northern Baja California and southern California through 2000 and early 2001. Measurements off Oregon, southern California, and Baja California denoted oceanographic conditions near the climatological norm. Likewise, zooplankton biomass decreased from the high levels observed in 1999 to nearly normal values, while cold-water species of seabirds did not increase off southern California. A return to more normal levels of the monitored features of the CCS does not yet support the idea of a climate regime shift. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Durazo, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Apartado Postal 453, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 BP 29 EP 60 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 545KM UT WOS:000175216400005 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Witucki, PJ Gould, MT Bell, SJ Hiliopoulos, KM McKeehan, JA Fuller, JM Barrozo, CP Hudspeth, MK Smith, TC Ledbetter, EK Wallace, MR AF Gray, GC Witucki, PJ Gould, MT Bell, SJ Hiliopoulos, KM McKeehan, JA Fuller, JM Barrozo, CP Hudspeth, MK Smith, TC Ledbetter, EK Wallace, MR TI Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of oral azithromycin prophylaxis against respiratory infections in a high-risk, young adult population SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES INFECTION; PULMONARY-EDEMA; PENICILLIN-G; US MILITARY; RESISTANCE; ERYTHROMYCIN; DISEASES; STRESS; CONSUMPTION; BENZATHINE AB Military Special Forces trainees undergo intense psychological and physical stressors that often lead to respiratory infection. During 1998-2000, 477 Navy Special Forces trainees were enrolled in a double-blind trial of oral azithromycin (1 g given weekly) plus a placebo injection, compared with benzathine penicillin G (1.2 million U) plus azithromycin placebo tablets. Among the 464 subjects with complete data, 44 developed acute respiratory infection (20 with pneumonia) during the 2 weeks of most intense training; of these subjects, 12 (27.3%) had evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and 7 (15.9%) had evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Trainees who received azithromycin were less likely than were trainees who received benzathine penicillin G to develop acute respiratory infection (risk ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.92) and less likely at the end of training to report episodes of breathing difficulty (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34-1.01) or sore throat (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41-1.05). Compared with benzathine penicillin G prophylaxis, weekly oral azithromycin was superior in preventing respiratory infection in this population at transient high risk. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Clin, Naval Special Warfare Ctr, Coronado, CA USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Director Code 25,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1086/322626 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900009 PM 11528569 ER PT J AU Chun, HM Earhart, KC AF Chun, HM Earhart, KC TI Development of fasciitis following intramuscular administration of medication SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 178 BP 1118 EP 1118 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900204 ER PT J AU Earhart, KC Olson, PE Wallace, MR AF Earhart, KC Olson, PE Wallace, MR TI All pneumococcal urine antigen tests are not created equal SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 195 BP 1121 EP 1121 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900221 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Wallace, MR Kallen, A AF Crum, NF Wallace, MR Kallen, A TI Evaluation of diarrhea and malaria prevention strategies in travelers SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. UCHSC, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 252 BP 1131 EP 1131 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900278 ER PT J AU Wallace, MR Tasker, SA Earhart, KC Brandt, C Kuter, B AF Wallace, MR Tasker, SA Earhart, KC Brandt, C Kuter, B TI Hepatitis A vaccination response in HIV-infected and uninfected subjects SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 379 BP 1153 EP 1153 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900405 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Driscoll, TJ Dull, M D'Antin, P Wallace, MR AF Lederman, ER Driscoll, TJ Dull, M D'Antin, P Wallace, MR TI The party's over: Food-borne illness linked to Clostridium perfringens after a Mardi Gras celebration SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 872 BP 1237 EP 1237 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900898 ER PT J AU Earhart, KC Conlin, A Crum, NF Olson, PE Robinson, TJ Ryan, M Gray, GC AF Earhart, KC Conlin, A Crum, NF Olson, PE Robinson, TJ Ryan, M Gray, GC TI Pneumococcal pneumonia outbreak in military recruits SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hosp Cam Pendleton, Oceanside, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 876 BP 1238 EP 1238 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900902 ER PT J AU Strauss, DN Halkar, RK Reddy, VG Alazraki, NP AF Strauss, DN Halkar, RK Reddy, VG Alazraki, NP TI Incidental finding of increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the vascular graft of a patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fluorodeoxyglucose; positron emission tomography; thrombosis; vascular graft C1 Emory Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Halkar, RK (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 10 BP 885 EP 886 DI 10.1097/00003072-200110000-00025 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 499BE UT WOS:000172550000025 PM 11564939 ER PT J AU Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D AF Parr, T Hanson-Parr, D TI RDX/GAP/BTTN propellant flame studies SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID GLYCIDYL AZIDE POLYMER; LASER-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; RDX; COMBUSTION; GAP; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; PYROLYSIS AB The non-intrusive techniques of planar laser-induced fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and spontaneous laser Raman spectroscopy were used to map out species and temperature profiles above the surface of self-deflagrating RDX/GAP/BTTN model propellant with a pseudo pre-mixed flame. HCN, CO, and NZ were found to be the major species near the surface, and CO, N-2, and H2O in the burnt gases. A dark zone of about 1200 to 1300 K was observed in which the NO concentration was at its highest. NO, existed only very close to the surface. No formaldehyde was observed in the gas phase. Analysis of thermocouple measurements showed a surface temperature of 605 K. Thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity as a function of temperature were also measured. (C) 2001 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Parr, T (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 1895 EP 1905 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00296-6 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 489ZJ UT WOS:000172022900003 ER PT J AU Hollerer, T Feiner, S Hallaway, D Bell, B Lanzagorta, M Brown, D Julier, S Baillot, Y Rosenblum, L AF Hollerer, T Feiner, S Hallaway, D Bell, B Lanzagorta, M Brown, D Julier, S Baillot, Y Rosenblum, L TI User interface management techniques for collaborative mobile augmented reality SO COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK LA English DT Article DE augmented reality; wearable computing; information filtering; user interface design; view management AB Mobile augmented reality systems (MARS) have the potential to revolutionize the way in which information is provided to users. Virtual information can be directly integrated with the real world surrounding the mobile user, who can interact with it to display related information, to pose and resolve queries, and to collaborate with other users. However, we believe that the benefits of MARS will only be achieved if the user interface (UI) is actively managed so as to maximize the relevance and minimize the confusion of the virtual material relative to the real world. This article addresses some of the steps involved in this process, focusing on the design and layout of the mobile user's overlaid virtual environment. The augmented view of the user's surroundings presents an interface to context-dependent operations, many of which are related to the objects in view-the augmented world is the user interface. We present three UI design techniques that are intended to make this interface as obvious and clear to the user as possible: information filtering, UI component design, and view management. Information filtering helps select the most relevant information to present to the user. UI component design determines the format in which this information should be conveyed, based on the available display resources and tracking accuracy. For example, the absence of high accuracy position tracking would favor body- or screen-stabilized components over world-stabilized ones that would need to be exactly registered with the physical objects to which they refer. View management attempts to ensure that the virtual objects that are displayed visually are arranged appropriately with regard to their projections on the view plane. For example, the relationships among objects should be as unambiguous as possible, and physical or virtual objects should not obstruct the user's view of more important physical or virtual objects in the scene. We illustrate these interface design techniques using our prototype collaborative, cross-site MARS environment, which is composed of mobile and non-mobile augmented reality and virtual reality systems. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 1214 Amsterdam Ave,Mail Code 0401, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM htobias@cs.columbia.edu NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0097-8493 EI 1873-7684 J9 COMPUT GRAPH-UK JI Comput. Graph.-UK PD OCT PY 2001 VL 25 IS 5 BP 799 EP 810 DI 10.1016/S0097-8493(01)00122-4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 484AU UT WOS:000171668700008 ER PT J AU Menon, PK Ohlmeyer, EJ AF Menon, PK Ohlmeyer, EJ TI Integrated design of agile missile guidance and autopilot systems SO CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE integrated; guidance; autopilot; feedback linearization ID PROPORTIONAL NAVIGATION; AIRCRAFT AB Traditional approach for the design of missile guidance and autopilot systems has been to design these subsystems separately and then to integrate them. Such an approach does not exploit any beneficial relationships between these and other subsystems. A technique for integrated design of missile guidance and autopilot systems using the feedback linearization technique is discussed. Numerical results using a six degree-of-freedom missile simulation are given. Integrated guidance-autopilot systems are expected to result in significant improvements in missile performance, leading to lower weight and enhanced lethality. These design methods have extensive applications in high performance aircraft autopilot and guidance system design. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Optimal Synth Inc, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Menon, PK (reprint author), Optimal Synth Inc, 4966 El Camino Real,Suite 108, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. NR 20 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0661 J9 CONTROL ENG PRACT JI Control Eng. Practice PD OCT PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1095 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00082-X PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 476RQ UT WOS:000171242900006 ER PT J AU Curtin, TB Bellingham, JG AF Curtin, TB Bellingham, JG TI Autonomous ocean-sampling networks SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Dept Engn, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Curtin, TB (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 322OM, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 421 EP 423 DI 10.1109/JOE.2001.972072 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 504FC UT WOS:000172845800001 ER PT J AU Marco, DB Healey, AJ AF Marco, DB Healey, AJ TI Command, control, and navigation experimental results with the NPS ARIES AUV SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ARIES autonomous underwater vehicle; data fusion; Kalman filter; underwater vehicle communications and navigation AB This paper provides an overview of the Naval Postgraduate School ARIES autonomous underwater vehicle and its control and navigation performance. An attempt is made to highlight its current operational capabilities and provide a description of future enhancements for greater mission utility and flexibility. An overview of the vehicle design along with descriptions of all major hardware components and sensors is given. A major discussion of the implementation of a modular, multirate, multiprocess software architecture for the ARIES is provided. The architecture is designed to operate using either a single computer processor or two independent, cooperating processors linked through a network interface for improved load balancing. A dual computer implementation is presented here since each processor assumes different tasks for mission operation. Also included is a section on the underwater navigation method using a real-time extended Kalman filter that fuses all sensor data and computes the real time position, orientation, velocity, etc., of the vehicle. Experimental results for navigational accuracy using a DGPS/IMU/Doppler-aided navigation system are presented with DGPS pop-up maneuvers. Navigational accuracy is a requirement for the use of ARIES as a mobile communications network node. This work provides some examples of missions possible with such a node and the current state of its command and control system. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marco, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 466 EP 476 DI 10.1109/48.972079 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 504FC UT WOS:000172845800006 ER PT J AU Grenon, G An, PE Smith, SM Healey, AJ AF Grenon, G An, PE Smith, SM Healey, AJ TI Enhancement of the inertial navigation system for the Morpheus autonomous underwater vehicles SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE autonomous underwater vehicles; inertial navigation; Kalman filtering; underwater navigation AB This paper presents the design and development of an enhanced inertial navigation system that is to be integrated into the Morpheus autonomous underwater vehicle at Florida Atlantic University. The inertial measurement unit is based on the off-the-shelf Honeywell HG1700-AG25 3-axis ring-laser gyros and three-axis accelerometers and is aided with ground speed measurements obtained using an RDI Doppler-velocity-log sonar. An extended Kalman filter has been developed, which fuses together asynchronously the inertial and Doppler data, as well as the differential global positioning system positional fixes whenever they are available. A complementary filter was implemented to provide a much smoother and stable attitude estimate. Thus far, preliminary study has been made on characterizing the inertial navigation system-based navigation system performance, and the corresponding results and analyzes are provided in this paper. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Inst Ocean & Syst Engn, SeaTech, Dania, FL 33004 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Florida Atlantic Univ, Inst Ocean & Syst Engn, SeaTech, Dania, FL 33004 USA. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 548 EP 560 DI 10.1109/48.972091 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 504FC UT WOS:000172845800014 ER PT J AU Skolnik, M Linde, G Meads, K AF Skolnik, M Linde, G Meads, K TI Senrad: An advanced wideband air-surveillance radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT AB The generic characteristics and performance of an experimental long-range air-surveillance radar, known at the Naval Research Laboratory as Senrad, is described. Its distinguishing feature is that it can operate with simultaneous transmissions over a very wide bandwidth-from 850 to 1400 MHz. The technology and type of experimental radar equipment employed are discussed and examples are given of its performance capabilities obtained by means of very wideband operation. The unusually wide bandwidth of this radar allows 1) improved detection and tracking performance because of the absence of the nulls that are common in the antenna elevation radiation-pattern of a single-frequency radar; 2) moving target indication (MTI) without loss of targets due to blind speeds and without the need for multiple PRFs (pulse repetition frequencies 3) accurate height finding with a fan-beam radar by taking advantage of the multipath time difference as a function of target height; 4) a form of limited target recognition based on high range-resolution; and 5) a reduction of the effectiveness of electronic countermeasures that can seriously degrade more narrowband radars. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Skolnik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5007,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1175 DI 10.1109/7.976957 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 509MA UT WOS:000173150500004 ER PT J AU Huether, BM Gustafson, SC Broussard, RP AF Huether, BM Gustafson, SC Broussard, RP TI Wavelet preprocessing for high range resolution radar classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SHRINKAGE AB We develop a wavelet denoising scheme to aid an automatic target recognition (ATR) system in recognizing aircraft from high range resolution radar (HRR) signatures. A template matching classification technique is used with templates formed from synthetically generated signatures. The goal of the classification system is to achieve classification accuracy equivalent to that obtained with measured HRR signatures. Results suggest that a large portion of HRR signature content is nondiscriminatory. The wavelet denoising process removes the nondiscriminatory information, thereby leading to remarkable increases in classification accuracy. Results are shown for HRR signatures from six aircraft. C1 Natl Air Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT EN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Weapons & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Huether, BM (reprint author), Natl Air Intelligence Ctr, 4180 Watson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1321 EP 1332 DI 10.1109/7.976968 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 509MA UT WOS:000173150500015 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Wickersham, D Jenn, DC York, NS AF Pace, PE Wickersham, D Jenn, DC York, NS TI High-resolution phase sampled interferometry using symmetrical number systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE directional finding; electronic warfare; symmetrical number system AB This paper identifies a new phase sampling interferometer approach that can be easily incorporated into the established techniques to provide a high resolution, small-baseline array with fewer number of phase sampling comparators. The approach is based on preprocessing the received signal using symmetrical number systems (SNS). Antennas based on both an optimum symmetrical number system (OSNS) and a robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) are investigated. The SNS preprocessing is used to decompose the spatial filtering operation into a number of parallel suboperations (moduli) that are of smaller computational complexity. A much higher direction finding (DF) spatial resolution is achieved after the N different moduli are used and the results of these low precision suboperations are recombined. By incorporating the OSNS or RSNS preprocessing concept, the field of view of a specific configuration of interferometers and phase sampling comparator arrangements can be analyzed exactly. The OSNS gives the maximum dynamic range or number of spatial resolution bins while the RSNS reduces considerably the number of possible encoding errors. Experimental results for both a 5-bit OSNS and a 6-bit RSNS array are compared. The errors in the encoding of the direction of arrival are quantified for both architectures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1411 EP 1423 DI 10.1109/8.954930 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 479VR UT WOS:000171424700008 ER PT J AU Gajsek, P Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA AF Gajsek, P Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA TI Parametric dependence of SAR on permittivity values in a man model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dielectric values; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields (EMFs); finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); radio frequency ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES; TISSUES AB The development and widespread use of advanced three-dimensional digital anatomical models to calculate specific absorption rate (SAR) values in biological material has resulted in the need to understand how model parameters (e.g., permittivity value) affect the predicted whole-body and localized SAR values. The application of the man dosimetry model requires that permittivity values (dielectric value and conductivity) be allocated to the various tissues at all the frequencies to which the model will be exposed. In the 3-mm-resolution man model, the permittivity values for all 39 tissue-types were altered simultaneously for each orientation and applied frequency. In addition, permittivity values for muscle, fat, skin, and bone marrow were manipulated independently. The finite-difference time-domain code was used to predict localized and whole-body normalized SAR values. The model was processed in the far-field conditions at the resonant frequency (70 MHz) and above (200,400,918, and 2060 MHz) for E orientation. In addition, other orientations (K, H) of the model to the incident fields were used where no substantial resonant frequency exists. Variability in permittivity values did not substantially influence whole-body SAR values, while localized SAR values for individual tissues were substantially affected by these changes. Changes in permittivity had greatest effect on localized SAR values when they were low compare to the whole-body SAR value or when errors involved tissues that represent a substantial proportion of the body mass (i.e., muscle). Furthermore, we establish the partial derivative of whole-body and localized SAR values with respect to the dielectric value and conductivity for muscle independently. It was shown that uncertainties in dielectric value or conductivity do not substantially influence normalized whole-body SAR. Detailed investigation on localized SAR ratios showed that conductivity presents a more substantial factor in absorption of energy in tissues than dielectric value for almost all applied exposure conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM patrick.mason@brooks.af.mil NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9294 EI 1558-2531 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1177 DI 10.1109/10.951520 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 473ZT UT WOS:000171080300013 PM 11585041 ER PT J AU Vieira, AJC Herczfeld, PR Rosen, A Ermold, M Funk, EE Jemison, WD Williams, KJ AF Vieira, AJC Herczfeld, PR Rosen, A Ermold, M Funk, EE Jemison, WD Williams, KJ TI A mode-locked microchip laser optical transmitter for fiber radio SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE fiber radio; microchip lasers; millimeter-wave generation; mode-locked lasers; optical fiber communication; optical transmitters ID OSCILLATORS AB This paper is concerned with the optical domain generation of high-quality millimeter-wave signals for fiber-radio and other applications. The mode-locked millimeter-wave optical transmitter described here is based on simple electrooptic microchip laser technology. The transmitter can be designed to operate from a few gigahertz to 100 GHz and beyond. The residual phase noise of the laser is below -100 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset, which makes it well suited for optically fed millimeter-wave wireless applications. A key feature of the transmitter is its simplicity, the very small number of elements it employs and the high level of integration of the millimeter-wave and photonic components that results in a small, rugged, and reliable package. The paper describes the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of the transmitter. C1 Motorola Inc, Broadband Commun Sector, Horsham, PA 19044 USA. Drexel Univ, Ctr Microwave Lightwave Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. RP Vieira, AJC (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Broadband Commun Sector, Horsham, PA 19044 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1882 EP 1887 DI 10.1109/22.954802 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 480KM UT WOS:000171460600008 ER PT J AU Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ AF Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ TI An 8-18-GHz all-optical microwave downconverter with channelization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE microwave communication; microwave frequency conversion; microwave mixers; optical filters; optical frequency conversion ID LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS; LINK; CROSSTALK; MIXER AB A wide-band fiber-optic image-rejection downconverter capable of channelizing received signals into a 500-MHz intermediate frequency band is demonstrated. The downconverter utilizes phase modulators to convert received signals into optical side-bands prior to heterodyne detection with the system local oscillator. Experimental measurements performed on a two-channel system which maps 8-18-GHz signals into intermediate frequencies between 2 and 2.5 GHz reveal an image rejection of 20 dB and a spur-free dynamic range of 107 dB/Hz(2/3). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strutz, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1992 EP 1995 DI 10.1109/22.954819 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 480KM UT WOS:000171460600025 ER PT J AU Calame, JR Danly, BG Levush, B Blank, M Felch, KL Nguyen, KT AF Calame, JR Danly, BG Levush, B Blank, M Felch, KL Nguyen, KT TI Simulation of beam collector nonuniformities in gyro-amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beams; electron optics; gyrotrons; klystrons; magnetic field effects ID POWER AB The spiraling beams employed in gyro-amplifiers can create regions of enhanced local heating on the beam collector surface as a result of the turning-point behavior of the electron orbits. Although guiding center spread and the spread in Larmor radii will usually smooth out these irregularities, hot-spotting can reappear as a result of small transverse displacements or angular misalignments between the collector axis and the system magnetic axis, or from transverse magnetic fields in the electron gun. This paper presents a new, general procedure to efficiently simulate the spatial distribution of electron impacts in misaligned gyro-amplifier beam collectors, using adiabatic theory and analytic geometry. The procedure is used to investigate the distributions associated with various types of misalignments and the results are compared with experimental collector maps obtained from a high-average power, 94-GHz gyroklystron. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CPI Wireless Solut, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Calame, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 848 EP 860 DI 10.1109/27.964486 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 491WM UT WOS:000172133100008 ER PT J AU Kay, SM Nuttall, AH Baggenstoss, PM AF Kay, SM Nuttall, AH Baggenstoss, PM TI Multidimensional probability density function approximations for detection, classification, and model order selection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE classification; class-specific features; PDF estimation; sufficient statistics AB This paper addresses the problem of calculating the multidimensional probability density functions (PDFs) of statistics derived from known many-to-one transformations of independent random variables (RVs) with known distributions. The statistics covered in the paper include reflection coefficients, autocorrelation estimates, cepstral coefficients, and general linear functions of independent RVs. Through PDF transformation, these results can be used for general PDF approximation, detection, classification, and model order selection. A model order selection example that shows significantly better performance than the Akaike and MDL method is included. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kay, SM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2240 EP 2252 DI 10.1109/78.950780 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 473LR UT WOS:000171045800008 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Radar scattering centre localization by subspace fitting SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article AB The application of radar data to the problem of non-cooperative target recognition (NCTR) usually begins by estimating the position and strength of the significant scattering centres from the bright spot locations of a radar image (e.g., high range resolution or inverse synthetic aperture radar). In practical situations, these images are usually contaminated by noise and can be of very low quality resolution-factors that confound the scattering centre localization process and can preclude NCTR by radar means. We describe a simple method, based on subspace fitting techniques, that can be applied to the position and strength estimation problem in this environment. The scheme is robust against noise corruption and allows for super-resolved estimates of all (or some) of the scatterers. Examples based on synthetic data are presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1483 EP 1491 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/17/5/316 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 487HT UT WOS:000171869300016 ER PT J AU Stout, PR Horn, CK Klette, KL AF Stout, PR Horn, CK Klette, KL TI Solid-phase extraction and GC-MS analysis of THC-COOH method optimized for a high-throughput forensic drug-testing laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINE; SPECIMENS; ACID C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stout, PR (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, POB 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 25 IS 7 BP 550 EP 554 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 478JY UT WOS:000171344300010 PM 11599598 ER PT J AU Gehlhausen, JM Klette, KL Given, J AF Gehlhausen, JM Klette, KL Given, J TI Urine analysis of laboratory personnel preparing cocaine training aids for a military working dog program SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Stn, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. USN, Reg Forens Lab, Criminal Investigat Serv, Norfolk, VA 23505 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Navy Drug Screening Lab, Bldg H2033, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 25 IS 7 BP 637 EP 640 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 478JY UT WOS:000171344300027 PM 11599615 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Araujo, D Garcia, R AF Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Araujo, D Garcia, R TI Radiation response of n-type base InP solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; RESISTANCE; ELECTRON AB The effects of particle irradiation on the electrical properties of high efficiency p/n InP solar cells have been studied using a variety of techniques including current-voltage and spectral quantum efficiency measurements (QE), electron beam induced currents (EBIC), and deep level transient spectroscopy. A detailed analysis of the radiation response of the solar cell photovoltaic response is presented, and the primary damage mechanisms are identified. Data measured after irradiation by protons of various energies are correlated in terms of displacement damage dose to produce a characteristic degradation curve for the p/n InP technology. This characteristic curve is compared to that of the n/p InP technology to provide an assessment of the relative radiation hardness of the p/n devices. Radiation-induced decreases in the minority carrier diffusion length in both the p-type emitter and n-type base at low damage levels have been extracted from the QE and EBIC measurements, and damage coefficients have been determined. At high damage levels, EBIC profiles suggest that the primary device degradation mechanism is an increase in bulk resistivity due to electron trapping in the base. However, capacitance-voltage measurements did not indicate any change in the junction capacitance. A model to account for these effects based on radiation-induced defect kinetics is presented. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Cadiz, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21225 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3558 EP 3565 DI 10.1063/1.1398592 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YY UT WOS:000171135900068 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR Bubb, DM Auyeung, RCY Horwitz, J Houser, EJ Pique, A McGill, RA Chrisey, DB AF Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR Bubb, DM Auyeung, RCY Horwitz, J Houser, EJ Pique, A McGill, RA Chrisey, DB TI Time-of-flight study of the ionic and neutral particles produced by pulsed-laser ablation of frozen glycerol SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE COLLISIONS; THIN-FILMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESORPTION; DEPOSITION; SURFACES; BEAMS AB The emitted particles from pulsed-laser ablation (PLA), lambda =193 nm and fluence=88-400 mJ/cm(2), of frozen glycerol was examined using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The data are analyzed using supersonic molecular-beam theory and the result is interpreted using a thermal/fluid-dynamic model. Both intact and fragmented glycerol are emitted in the PLA process at all fluences and their concentration ratio is fluence dependent. Fragmentation occurs predominantly at one of the C-C bonds forming CH2-OH (31 amu) and HO-CH2-CH-OH (61 amu). CH3 is produced at the target which requires the protonation of a CH2 fragment. At fluences higher than 250 mJ/cm(2), ions are detected. These ions have very high velocity, > 2000 m/s, and their intensity increases with fluences. PLA is thus not suitable for glycerol transfer under these conditions due to fragmentation. The data show that particle emission proceeds as a simple thermal vaporization process at fluences < 200 mJ/cm(2). Higher fluences will yield a Knudsen layer (KL), which is formed in front of the target surface. For fluences > 300 mJ/cm(2), particles from the KL go through unsteady adiabatic expansion prior to free flight. Models of particle and ion formation and interaction are proposed and discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wup@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3623 EP 3631 DI 10.1063/1.1398068 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YY UT WOS:000171135900077 ER PT J AU Foley, RW Rodriguez, MI AF Foley, RW Rodriguez, MI TI Preoperative irradiation of selected mediastinal masses SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article DE preoperative care; radiotherapy; mediastinal neoplasms ID CHILD AB During a 17-year period from 1982 to 1999, 117 patients underwent surgical treatment of mediastinal masses. Resection was accomplished in the majority (81 or 69%) of these masses; with the remaining patients (36 or 31%) having biopsy procedures only. Malignant tumors were found in 43 patients (37%). A small subset of the biopsy group (4 patients or 11%) with symptomatic anterior masses were assessed to be of high risk for significant complications of anesthesia during the biopsy procedure and were treated with a short course of preoperative radiation to the mass prior to operation. All patients were operated upon without complication and definitive pathologic diagnosis was made in all cases despite preoperative low dose irradiation to the area of biopsy. Our experience demonstrates a practical and effective way of dealing with a potentially disastrous situation without compromising the accuracy of diagnosis. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Thorac Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Foley, RW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Thorac Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0021-9509 J9 J CARDIOVASC SURG JI J. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 5 BP 695 EP 697 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Surgery GA 497LP UT WOS:000172457200025 PM 11562604 ER PT J AU Kuech, TF AF Kuech, TF TI Bulk nitride growth and related techniques - International Specialist Meeting on Bulk Nitride Growth and Related Techniques - Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil, 12-16 November 2000 - Preface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kuech, TF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT PY 2001 VL 231 IS 3 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01475-0 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 459GB UT WOS:000170241700001 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Moore, WJ Tischler, JG Culbertson, JC Fatemi, M Park, SS Lee, SK Park, Y AF Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Moore, WJ Tischler, JG Culbertson, JC Fatemi, M Park, SS Lee, SK Park, Y TI Structural and optical properties of thick freestanding GaN templates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Specialist Meeting on Bulk Nitride Growth and Related Techniques CY NOV 12-16, 2000 CL FOZ DO IGUACU, BRAZIL DE absorption; atomic force microscopy; photoluminescence; Raman; X-ray diffraction; hydride vapor phase epitaxy; semiconducting gallium compounds ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SAPPHIRE; LAYERS; STRAIN AB Structural and optical properties of thick (larger than 160 mum) freestanding hydride vapor phase epitaxy GaN templates have been investigated. AFM measurements showed that flat and smooth surface could be fabricated. High-resolution X-ray diffraction studies carried out with different spectrometer slit for the symmetric and asymmetric diffractions show that the linewidth increases with increasing slits width. indicating that a considerable degree of tilting and twisting of the individual grains are still present in these thick samples. Raman scattering measurements performed in a few samples indicate good crystalline quality and reduced strain. Very sharp and intense exciton related lines (FWHM less than I meV) have been observed in the low temperature photoluminescence spectra. Variable-temperature photoluminescence experiments were performed on both the growth surface and interface to identify the nature of the recombination processes observed in the luminescence spectra. FTIR absorption measurements show the presence of at least two donors with binding energy of 30.5 and 33.6 meV. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, BR-70000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20744 USA. Samsung SAIT, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,ESTD-Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT PY 2001 VL 231 IS 3 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01456-7 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 459GB UT WOS:000170241700003 ER PT J AU Schlaf, R Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Schlaf, R Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Work function measurements on indium tin oxide films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE work function; ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS); X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS); organic light emitting diodes (OLED) ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET; INTERFACE AB We determined the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) films on glass substrates using photoemission spectroscopy (PES). The ITO coated glass substrates were chemically cleaned ex-situ, oxygen plasma treated ex-situ, or sputtered in-situ. Our results suggest that the performance of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measurements can induce a significant work function reduction on the order of 0.4-0.5 eV, on ex-situ chemically and oxygen-plasma treated ITO samples. This was demonstrated by the use of low intensity X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) work function measurements before and after the UPS measurements were carried out. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schlaf, R (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 12 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00310-3 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 486JY UT WOS:000171815700015 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T TI Hydrodynamic damping and quasi-coherent structures at large Stokes numbers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORY FLOW; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; PERIODIC RIPPLES; FORCES AB Unsteady flow about solid and perforated cylinders at large Stokes numbers and very small Keulegan-Carpenter numbers has not been sufficiently understood to predict the hydroelastic response of compliant structures subjected to high frequency excitation. It is impossible to compute, difficult to quantify, and extremely difficult to visualize. Here, following a brief review of the previous research, new results for both forced and pluck-induced oscillations are presented. It is shown that: (a) the measured drag coefficients are larger (about double for smooth cylinders) than those predicted from the Stokes-Wang analysis (in the region of its applicability); (b) there is an unstable flow regime in which the oscillatory boundary layer develops quasicoherent structures (QCS) over a range of K values before giving rise to Honji-type coherent structures (HTCS); (c) the drag coefficients for perforated cylinders are much larger than those for solid cylinders and do not follow the Stokes-Wang prediction even at small beta. As expected, their inertia coefficients are considerably smaller than those for solid cylinders. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 15 IS 7 BP 909 EP 928 DI 10.1006/jfls.2001.0384 PG 26 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 486GX UT WOS:000171811000003 ER PT J AU Prevey, PS Cammett, J AF Prevey, PS Cammett, J TI Low cost corrosion damage mitigation and improved fatigue performance of low plasticity burnished 7075-T6 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE 7075-T6 aluminum; corrosion mitigation method; low plasticity burnishing; residual stresses ID MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENTS; MICROSTRUCTURES AB Low plasticity burnishing (LPB) has been investigated as a surface enhancement process and corrosion mitigation method for aging aircraft structural applications. Compressive residual stresses reaching the alloy yield strength and extending to a depth of 1.25 mm (0.050 in.) deeper than typical corrosion damage is achievable. Excellent surface finish can be achieved with no detectable metallurgical damage to surface and subsurface material. Salt fog exposures of 100 and 500 h reduced the fatigue strength at 2 X 10(5) cycles by 50%. The LPB of the corroded surface, without removal of the corrosion product or pitted material, restored the 2 X 10(6) fatigue strength to greater than that of the original machined surface. The fatigue strength of the corroded material in the finite life regime (10(4) to 10(6) cycles) after LPB was 140 MPa (20 ksi) higher than the original uncorroded alloy and increased the life by an order of magnitude. Ease of adaptation to computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools allows LPB processing at costs and speeds comparable to machining operations. Low plasticity burnishing offers a promising new technology for mitigation of corrosion damage and improved fatigue life of aircraft structural components with significant cost and time savings over current practices. C1 Lambda Res, Cincinnati, OH USA. USN, Aviat Depot, MCAS, Cherry Point, NC USA. RP Prevey, PS (reprint author), Lambda Res, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 5 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1361/105994901770344692 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 484WR UT WOS:000171713000008 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI The bloody road to Tunis: Destruction of the Axis forces in North Africa, November 1942-May 1943 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1146 DI 10.2307/2677689 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 477HR UT WOS:000171278500071 ER PT J AU Little, B AF Little, B TI Shield and sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Little, B (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1170 EP 1171 DI 10.2307/2677709 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 477HR UT WOS:000171278500091 ER PT J AU Kubota, T Majde, JA Brown, RA Krueger, JM AF Kubota, T Majde, JA Brown, RA Krueger, JM TI Tumor necrosis factor receptor fragment attenuates interferon-gamma-induced non-REM sleep in rabbits SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sleep; brain temperature; fever; cytokine ID TNF-ALPHA; GLIAL-CELLS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MICE LACKING; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT-BRAIN; KAPPA-B; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; IMMUNOREACTIVITY AB Although the somnogenic actions of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and IFN beta have been reported, the sleep effects of IFN-gamma remained unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of human IFN gamma on sleep in rabbits. IFN gamma dose-dependently increased nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), electroencephalographic slow wave activity and brain temperature (Tbr). These effects were markedly attenuated after the heat treatment of IFN gamma. IFN gamma suppressed rapid eye movement sleep if given during the light period, but not if given at dark onset. Although a tumor necrosis factor receptor fragment did not affect any sleep parameters when given at dark onset, it significantly attenuated IFN gamma -induced NREMS and Tbr. These data suggest that IFN gamma may be involved in the sleep responses during infection. Further, IFN gamma may have a synergistic interaction with intrinsic TNF alpha in the brain. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Krueger, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, POB 646520, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36520]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS25378, NS31453] NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 119 IS 2 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00382-4 PG 7 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 483RX UT WOS:000171650600005 PM 11585621 ER PT J AU Busquet, M Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A AF Busquet, M Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A TI VirtualSpectro: a non-LTE post processor with superconfigurations and its application to a Xe-filled Be hohlraum SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE non-LTE; post-processor; super transition arrays; Xe spectra ID COLLISIONAL RADIATIVE MODEL; THOMSON SCATTERING; TRANSITION-ARRAYS; HEAVY-ATOMS; PLASMAS; FUSION; SPECTRA; CODE; HOT AB VirtualSpectro a post-processor that has the possibility of dealing with complex spectra by using superconfigurations (SC) as basis is described. The atomic data are extracted from SCROLL. In the coupling between the two codes, several problems were encountered: the SC basis set of SCROLL depends on temperature and density, and the number of components of rates between SC is extremely large. A solution to these problems is described. The case of Xe (3-8 keV) is taken as an example. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, DIF, DCSA, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Klapisch, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Code 6730,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00070-X PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300011 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Behar, E Rozsnyai, BF AF Jacobs, VL Behar, E Rozsnyai, BF TI Autoionization phenomena in dense photoionized plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE autoionization; Auger transitions; photo-ionization; inner-shell-electron ionization; multiple-ionization; electron-ion photo-recombination; dielectronic recombination ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; MULTIPLE IONIZATION; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; RADIATIVE EMISSION; CHARGED IONS; URANIUM IONS; RECOMBINATION; INTERFERENCE; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB Elementary electron-ion collisional and spontaneous radiative transitions involving autoionizing resonances play important roles in atomic ionization, recombination, and radiative-emission processes in high-temperature astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. When electron-ion collisions are dominant, the ionization structure is usually determined by the steady-state (or dynamical) balance between electron-impact ionization (including autoionization following inner-shell-electron excitation) and radiative recombination combined with dielectronic recombination. The atomic radiative-emission spectrum tends to be dominated by the electron-impact excitation of ordinary spectral lines together with dielectronic satellite lines. In photoionized plasmas, a much higher degree of ionization can be established at a lower electron temperature, particularly as a result of multiple ionization due to Auger transitions following K inner-shell-electron photo-ionization. Radiative and dielectronic recombination can occur predominantly via transitions that are usually not considered to be important, and the unified quantum-mechanical description of the combined electron-ion photo-recombination process may be necessary. The satellite-line emission produced by the radiative decay of multiple-vacancy states can be more prominent, relative to the characteristic-line emission from the decay of single-vacancy states. We have developed a multiple-vacancy-state model for single and multiple ionization, together with characteristic-line and satellite-line emission, resulting from the cascade decay (by spontaneous radiative and Auger transitions) of an arbitrary initial inner-shell-electron vacancy distribution. The initial vacancy distribution may be created by electron or photon impact. We have also developed a unified description of the combined electron-ion photo-recombination process, taking into account the quantum-mechanical interference between radiative and dielectronic recombination. Results of calculations for Fe ions are discussed, which are expected to be valid at low densities. Implications for the detailed kinetics and spectral modeling of dense photoionized plasmas are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390-2,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 397 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00085-1 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300026 ER PT J AU Farrar, SC Gherman, RB AF Farrar, SC Gherman, RB TI Serum tryptase analysis in a woman with amniotic fluid embolism - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE embolism, amniotic fluid; pregnancy complications; tryptase ID MAST-CELL TRYPTASE; ANAPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; INDICATOR AB BACKGROUND: Recent studies have noted striking similarity between amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) and anaphylaxis. Serum tryptase levels may therefore serve as a marker of mast cell degranulation in AFE cases. CASE. A 40-year-old woman, gravida 6, para 4, experienced the acute onset official erythema, eclampsia-type seizures, severe hypoxia, cardiac arrest and disseminated intravascular coagulation while in early active labor. The patient was declared dead 37 minutes after the onset of resuscitative efforts. At autopsy,fetal squames were found within the pulmonary tree, uterine blood vessels and brain. A peripheral venous blood specimen, obtained approximately one and a half hours postmortem, revealed a tryptase level of 4.7.ng/mL (normal, < 1). CONCLUSION. An elevated serum tryptase level in conjunction with our patient's clinical history, adds further supporting evidence to the concept of AFE as an anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 46 IS 10 BP 926 EP 928 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 487XH UT WOS:000171904000013 PM 11725740 ER PT J AU Williams, EG AF Williams, EG TI Regularization methods for near-field acoustical holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE STRENGTH; INVERSE METHODS AB The reconstruction of the pressure and normal surface velocity provided by near-field acoustical holography (NAH) from pressure measurements made near a vibrating structure is a linear, ill-posed inverse problem due to the existence of strongly decaying, evanescentlike waves. Regularization provides a technique of overcoming the ill-posedness and generates a solution to the linear problem in an automated way. We present four robust methods for regularization; the standard Tikhonov procedure along with a novel improved version, Landweber iteration, and the conjugate gradient approach. Each of these approaches can be applied to all forms of interior or exterior NAH problems; planar, cylindrical, spherical, and conformal. We also study two parameter selection procedures, the Morozov discrepancy principle and the generalized cross validation, which are crucial to any regularization theory. In particular, we concentrate here on planar and cylindrical holography. These forms of NAH which rely on the discrete Fourier transform are important due to their popularity and to their tremendous computational speed. In order to use regularization theory for the separable geometry problems we reformulate the equations of planar, cylindrical, and spherical NAH into an eigenvalue problem. The resulting eigenvalues and eigenvectors couple easily to regularization theory, which can be incorporated into the NAH software with little sacrifice in computational speed. The resulting complete automation of the NAH algorithm for both separable and nonseparable geometries overcomes the last significant hurdle for NAH. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7137, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 130 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 110 IS 4 BP 1976 EP 1988 DI 10.1121/1.1404381 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 481NT UT WOS:000171526400035 PM 11681378 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC Forsythe, SE AF Piquette, JC Forsythe, SE TI Low-frequency echo-reduction and insertion-loss measurements from small passive-material samples under ocean environmental temperatures and hydrostatic pressures SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB System L is a horizontal tube designed for acoustical testing of underwater materials and devices, and is part of the Low Frequency Facility of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport, Rhode Island. The tube contains a fill fluid that is composed of a propylene glycol/water mixture. This system is capable of achieving test temperatures in the range of -3 to 40 deg Centigrade, and hydrostatic test pressures in the range 40 to 68 950 kPa. A unidirectional traveling wave can be established within the tube over frequencies of 100 to 1750 Hz. Described here is a technique for measuring the (normal-incidence) echo reduction and insertion loss of small passive-material samples that approximately fill the tube diameter of 38 cm. (Presented also is a waveguide model that corrects the measurements when the sample fills the tube diameter incompletely.) The validity of the system L measurements was established by comparison with measurements acquired in a large acoustic pressure-test vessel using a relatively large panel of a candidate material, a subsample of which was subsequently evaluated in system L. The first step in effecting the comparison was to least-squares fit the data acquired from the large panel to a causal material model. The material model was used to extrapolate the panel measurements into the frequency range of system L. The extrapolations show good agreement with the direct measurements acquired in system L. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 110 IS 4 BP 1998 EP 2006 DI 10.1121/1.1402115 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 481NT UT WOS:000171526400037 PM 11681380 ER PT J AU Nagata, M Leslie, L Kamahori, H Nomura, R Mino, H Kurihara, Y Rogers, E Elsberry, RL Basu, BK Buzzi, A Calvo, J Desgagne, M D'Isidoro, M Hong, SY Katzfey, J Majewski, D Malguzzi, P McGregor, J Murata, A Nachamkin, J Roch, M Wilson, C AF Nagata, M Leslie, L Kamahori, H Nomura, R Mino, H Kurihara, Y Rogers, E Elsberry, RL Basu, BK Buzzi, A Calvo, J Desgagne, M D'Isidoro, M Hong, SY Katzfey, J Majewski, D Malguzzi, P McGregor, J Murata, A Nachamkin, J Roch, M Wilson, C TI A mesoscale model intercomparison: A case of explosive development of a tropical cyclone (COMPARE III) SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION COUPLED MODEL; REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; SEMI-LAGRANGIAN MODELS; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; WEATHER PREDICTION; OCEAN INTERACTION; SYSTEM; INTENSITY; CYCLOGENESIS; ADVECTION AB The performance of current mesoscale numerical models is evaluated in a case of model intercomparison project (COMPARE III). Explosive development of Typhoon Flo (9019) occurred in the case in September 1990 during the cooperative three field experiments, ESCAP/WMO-led SPECTRUM, US-led TCM-90, and former USSR-led TYPHOON-90 in the western North Pacific. Sensitivity to initial fields as well as impact of enhanced horizontal resolution are examined in the model intercomparison. Both track and intensity predictions are very sensitive to the choice of initial fields prepared with different data assimilation systems and the use of a particular synthetic tropical cyclone vortex. Horizontal resolution enhanced from 50 km through 20 km down to a 10 km grid has a large impact on intensity prediction. This is presumably due to a better presentation of inner structure with higher resolution. There is little impact on track prediction in this target period when the typhoon was in its before-recurvature stage. While most models show large biases in underestimating central pressure deepening, some of the participating models with a particular initial field succeed in reproducing qualitatively the time evolution of central pressure, including slow deepening in the first half and rapid deepening in the second half of the simulation period of 72 hours. However, differences leading to different intensity predictions among models have yet to be identified. Intercomparison of the simulation results shows that wind field has a close relationship with precipitation distribution. This suggests that better prediction of precipitation distribution is crucial for better prediction of wind field, and vice versa. Through the COMPARE III experiments, it has become clear that precise simulation of tropical cyclone structure, especially in the inner-core region, is very important for accurate intensity prediction. Consideration, therefore, should be given to this point, when improvements in resolution, initialization, and physics of numerical models for tropical cyclone intensity prediction are reviewed. C1 Japan Meteorol Agcy, Natl Typhoon Ctr, Forecast Div, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Tokyo, Japan. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, New Delhi, India. ISAO CNR, Bologna, Italy. Environm Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. CSIRO, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. Meteorol Off, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England. Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Inst Nacl Meterorol, Madrid, Spain. RP Nagata, M (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Natl Typhoon Ctr, Forecast Div, Chiyoda Ku, Ote Machi 1-3-4, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. EM mnagata@met.kishou.go.jp RI McGregor, John/C-6646-2012; Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012; Calvo-Sanchez, Javier/G-5710-2015; Malguzzi, Piero/O-1723-2015 OI Calvo-Sanchez, Javier/0000-0002-5041-9745; Malguzzi, Piero/0000-0002-9544-0329 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1033 DI 10.2151/jmsj.79.999 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500KA UT WOS:000172625200004 ER PT J AU Mott, DR Oran, ES Kaplan, CR AF Mott, DR Oran, ES Kaplan, CR TI Microfilter simulations and scaling laws SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB A series of direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations of flows through microfilters were performed to evaluate the range of validity of a previously derived scaling law. This scaling law, which describes how the pressure drop across a filter depends on the Reynolds number and filter geometry, is based on Navier-Stokes calculations and experiments in the continuum regime. The simulations show that this sealing law predicts the correct Reynolds number dependence for a fixed Knudsen number, but the magnitude of the pressure drop is overpredicted as effects due to collisional nonequilibrium become important. The results of the simulations were used to derive a correction term to the scaling law that includes the Knudsen number and, thus, accounts for nonequilibrium effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6404, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.2514/2.6635 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 487GG UT WOS:000171864900015 ER PT J AU Kolon, TF Miller, OF AF Kolon, TF Miller, OF TI Comparison of single versus multiple dose regimens for the human chorionic gonadotropin stimulatory test SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gonadotropins; chorionic; testis; abnormalities ID INDUCED STEROIDOGENIC RESPONSE; HCG STIMULATION; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; PREPUBERTAL BOYS; KINETICS; CHILDREN; CRYPTORCHIDISM; HYPOSPADIAS AB Purpose: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) has a stimulatory effect on testicular steroidogenesis and has been widely used for evaluating male Leydig cell function. However, considerable variability exists in the protocols for HCG stimulation tests. In the most commonly used protocols HCG is administered daily for several days. We examine the circulating androgen response after I and 3-dose HCG regimens. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 77 prepubertal boys diagnosed with hypospadias, cryptorchidisin or micropenis. In 60 boys who underwent 1 dose of 100 IU/kg. or 5,000 IU/1.7 m.(2) HCG serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were sampled at 72 (28) and 96 (32) hours after injection, while in 17 who underwent 3 daily age adjusted doses hormone levels were determined on day 4. All blood specimens were obtained and injections were performed at 8:00 to 9:00 a.m. and all specimens were evaluated at the same endocrine reference laboratory. Results: Nonstimulated testosterone levels were prepubertal in all groups. In the 1-dose groups post-stimulation testosterone was elevated 22 to 29-fold from baseline after a weight based and 34 to 35-fold after a body surface area based dose. Testosterone increased 20-fold baseline in the multi-dose group. No significant differences were observed in 72 versus 96-hour hormone levels. Conclusions: Evaluating Leydig cell function by HCG stimulation is an important adjunct to the diagnosis of various urological conditions. A single weight or body surface area based HCG dose with androgen measurement after 3 or 4 days is a practical, reliable and cost saving change in testicular evaluation. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kolon, TF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1454 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65807-7 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 471VV UT WOS:000170950100078 PM 11547110 ER PT J AU Gordis, JH Neta, B AF Gordis, JH Neta, B TI Fast transient analysis for locally nonlinear structures by recursive block convolution SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The transient analysis of large structural systems with localized nonlinearities is a computationally demanding process, inhibiting dynamic redesign and optimization. A previously developed integral equation formulation for transient structural synthesis has demonstrated the ability to solve large locally nonlinear transient problems in a fraction of the time required by traditional direct integration methods, with equivalent or better accuracy. A recursive block-by-block convolution algorithm is developed for the solution of the governing integral equation that further reduces the solution time required. A computing time comparison of single-block versus multiple-block solutions is provided. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gordis, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2001 VL 123 IS 4 BP 545 EP 547 DI 10.1115/1.1389083 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 489YB UT WOS:000172019600019 ER PT J AU Gessler, EM Hart, AKE Dunlevy, TM Greinwald, JH AF Gessler, EM Hart, AKE Dunlevy, TM Greinwald, JH TI Optimal concentration of epinephrine for vasoconstriction in ear surgery SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Southern Section of the Triological-Society CY JAN 12-14, 2001 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Triol Soc, SO Sect DE epinephrine; otology; vasoconstriction ID NECK AB Objective: To determine the optimal concentration of epinephrine required for vasoconstriction in ear surgery by evaluating changes in laser doppler blood flow. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded. Methods. Forty subjects undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia were injected in a standard posterior external auditory canal block with I mL of 1% lidocaine containing varying concentrations of epinephrine (nil, 1:50,000, 1:100,000, or 1:200,000) determined by randomization. Ear canal blood flow measurements were then made at 1-minute intervals for a 10-minute period using a laser doppler flow meter and compared with baseline blood flow. Results. The control solution of 1% lidocaine had a significantly higher blood flow than the epinephrine-containing solutions with an actual 200% increase in blood flow for the first 5 minutes before returning to baseline. All epinephrine-containing solutions had an approximately 50% decrease in blood flow from baseline over the 10-minute period as compared with the control which was statistically significant (P < .0001). There was no significant difference between the blood flow reduction of 1:50,000, 1:100,000, and 1:200,000 epinephrine-containing solutions (P = .8875). Conclusions. One percent lidocaine control exhibited the expected initial vasodilatory effect for approximately 5 minutes. In this experimental model, using a lower concentration of 1:200,000 epinephrine would supply equivalent vasoconstriction in the ear compared with higher concentrations, thus reducing the possible systemic toxicity and related morbidity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Jacksonville, FL USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Maxillofacial Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Gessler, EM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD OCT PY 2001 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1687 EP 1690 DI 10.1097/00005537-200110000-00003 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 479UX UT WOS:000171422900003 PM 11801926 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI The microbiology of mucopyocele SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE mucopyocele; mucocele; sinusitis; Staphylococcus aureus; anaerobes ID SINUSITIS; BACTERIOLOGY AB Objective. To evaluate the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of mucopyocele. Study Design: Retrospective review of clinical and microbiologic records of patients with mucopyocele between June 1982 and September 1997. Methods. Aspirates of 36 mucopyocele were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Results. One hundred six bacterial isolates, 42 aerobic and facultatives and 64 anaerobic, were recovered. The predominant aerobic isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (6), Hemophilus spp. (5), and Gramnegative bacilli (6). The predominant anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus sp. (22), Prevotella sp. (15), Fusobacterium sp. (5), and Propionibacterium acnes (5). Thirty-three beta -lactamase-producing bacteria were isolated from 23 patients. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of mucopyocele. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pediat & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), POB 70412, Chevy Chase, MD 20813 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD OCT PY 2001 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1771 EP 1773 DI 10.1097/00005537-200110000-00020 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 479UX UT WOS:000171422900020 PM 11801943 ER PT J AU Miller, PH AF Miller, PH TI Fatigue prediction verification of fiberglass hulls SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article AB The growing use of marine composite materials has led to many technical challenges and one is predicting lifetime durability. This analysis step has a large uncertainty due to the lack of data from in-service composite vessels. Analytical models based on classical lamination theory, finite-element analysis, ship motions, probability and wind and wave mechanics were used in this project to predict hull laminate strains, and fatigue tests were used to determine S-N residual stiffness properties of coupons, These predictions and test data were compared against two cored fiberglass sisterships having significantly different fatigue histories and undamaged laminates representing a new vessel. Strains were measured while underway and good correlation was achieved between predictions and measurements. Fatigue damage indicators were identified which could be used in vessel inspection procedures. Endurance limits were found to be near 25% of static failure load, indicating that a fatigue design factor of four is required for infinite service with this material. Standard moisture experiments using boiling water were compared with long-term exposure. Results indicated the boiling water test yielded significantly conservative values and was not a reliable means of predicting long-term effects. Panel tests were compared with a combined coupon and finite-element procedure. Results indicated the proposed procedure was a viable substitute, at least for the materials studied. A rational explanation for using thicker outer skin laminates in marine composites was identified through single-sided moisture flex tests. These showed that the reduced strength and stiffness due to moisture of the outer hull skin laminate could be compensated by increased thickness, Although the resulting unbalanced laminate is not ideal from a warping standpoint, the approach leads to consistent tensile failure of the inner skin when subjected to normal loads. Permeability considerations make this desirable for hull laminates. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Miller, PH (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 278 EP 292 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 517HQ UT WOS:000173605400008 ER PT J AU Schrand, JR AF Schrand, JR TI Statistics SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Schrand, JR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 842 EP 842 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500006 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Smith, TC Riddle, J Trump, DH Gray, G AF Hyams, KC Smith, TC Riddle, J Trump, DH Gray, G TI Viral hepatitis in the US military: A study of hospitalization records from 1974 to 1999 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; C VIRUS-INFECTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; SOLDIERS AB Viral hepatitis remains a health threat for military forces. Most recently, there has been concern about hepatitis C virus transmission during military service because a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection has been found in some U.S. veteran populations. In this study, hospitalizations of active duty U.S. military personnel for hepatitis were evaluated using standardized computer records. Only the first hospitalization was assessed during the period January 1, 1989, to December 31, 1999. Among active duty forces, the rate of hospitalization for all types of acute hepatitis declined from 13 to 1.1 per 100,000 personnel from 1989 to 1999. Males, nonwhite racial/ethnic groups, and older troops were more likely to be hospitalized for acute hepatitis. This study's finding of declining rates of acute hepatitis is a continuation of a trend observed since 1974. The decreasing risk of viral hepatitis in the U.S. military is attributable to several factors, including reduced levels of injection drug use because of routine, randomized drug testing. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), POB 425, Rockville, MD 20848 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 862 EP 865 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500010 PM 11603235 ER PT J AU Murray, KM Johnson, WB AF Murray, KM Johnson, WB TI Personality type and success among female naval academy midshipmen SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB There are relatively few studies regarding factors that predict success among female midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA). This study examined the personality characteristics of 1,568 women admitted to USNA between 1988 and 1996 to evaluate whether personality type was predictive of success vs. attrition. Participants completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as well as a demographic questionnaire upon admission. Indicators of performance were gathered at graduation. Results indicated that most women at USNA are extroverts. Extroverted-Sensing-Thinking-Judging types were more likely to graduate, whereas Feeling and Perceiving themes were associated with dropping out. Previous military service and higher Scholastic Aptitude Test Math scores were also predictive of success at USNA. In general, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was not a good predictor of academic or military success at USNA. Among women who graduate, Scholastic Aptitude Test (Verbal and Math) scores appear to be the best predictors of both academic and military ratings. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Murray, KM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 889 EP 893 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500016 PM 11603241 ER PT J AU Sylvia, FR Drake, AI Wester, DC AF Sylvia, FR Drake, AI Wester, DC TI Transient vestibular balance dysfunction after primary blast injury SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BOMB EXPLOSION; TERRORIST AB Explosive munitions are used routinely in support of military operations. Moreover, service personnel are increasingly being deployed to regions where active conflict, terrorism, and land mines pose significant threats. Despite aggressive protective measures and safety practices, blast injury is an inherent risk. In contrast to secondary and tertiary blast injuries, primary blast injuries are generally limited to the air-filled organs of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and auditory systems. We report the case of a Marine who entered the back-blast arc of a shoulder-launched multipurpose assault weapon at close range. Despite the magnitude of the blast, he sustained none of the classic findings suggestive of severe primary blast injury. However, he manifested unique vestibular balance abnormalities that precluded his return to full duty for several months. This suggests that personnel who sustain even a mild traumatic brain injury with vestibular manifestations may need prolonged observation and modified duty in certain military occupational specialties. C1 REIN, Regimental Aid Stn, Marine Div 1, REIN, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Vestibular Balance Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sylvia, FR (reprint author), REIN, Regimental Aid Stn, Marine Div 1, REIN, Fleet Marine Force,Box 555401, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 166 IS 10 BP 918 EP 920 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DG UT WOS:000181419500023 PM 11603248 ER PT J AU Hirschberg, PA Shafran, PC Elsberry, RL Ritchie, EA AF Hirschberg, PA Shafran, PC Elsberry, RL Ritchie, EA TI An observing system experiment with the West Coast picket fence SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ETA-MODEL; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; FASTEX; NCEP; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; PROJECT; SCHEME AB Analyses and forecasts from a modern data assimilation and modeling system are used to evaluate the impact of a special rawinsonde dataset of 3-h soundings at seven sites interspersed with the seven regular sites along the West Coast (to form a so-called picket fence to intercept all transiting circulations) plus special 6-h rawin-sondes over the National Weather Service Western Region. Whereas four intensive observing periods (IOPs) are available, only two representative IOPs (IOP-3 and IOP-4) are described here. The special observations collected during each 12-h cycle are analyzed with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta Data Assimilation System in a cold start from the NCEP-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalyses as the initial condition. Forecasts up to 48 h with and without the special picket fence observations are generated by the 32-km horizontal resolution Eta Model with 45 vertical levels. The picket fence observations had little impact in some cases with smooth environmental flow. In other cases, relatively large initial increments were introduced offshore of the picket fence observations. However, these increments usually damped as they translated downstream. During IOP-3, the increments amplified east of the Rocky Mountains after only 24 h. Even though initially small, the increments in IOP-4 grew rapidly to 500-mb height increments similar to 20-25 m with accompanying meridional wind increments of 5-8 m s(-1) that contributed to maxima in shear vorticity. Many of the downstream amplifying circulations had associated precipitation increments similar to6 mm (6 h)(-1) between the control and experimental forecasts. The equitable threat scores against the cooperative station set for the first 24-h forecasts during IOP-3 had higher values at the 0.50- and 0.75-in-thresholds for the picket fence dataset. However, the overall four-IOP equitable threat scores were similar. Although the classical synoptic case was not achieved during the picket fence, these model forecasts suggest that such observations around the coast of the United States would impact the downstream forecasts when added in dynamically unstable regions. An ultimate picket fence of continuous remotely observing systems should be studied further. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Es,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 129 IS 10 BP 2585 EP 2599 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2585:AOSEWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474VP UT WOS:000171127800008 ER PT J AU Knee, TS Drake, AJ Turton, D Shakir, KMM AF Knee, TS Drake, AJ Turton, D Shakir, KMM TI Effect of parathyroid adenoma resection on bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; TUMOR C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Shakir, KMM (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD OCT PY 2001 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1000 EP 1002 PG 3 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 483GA UT WOS:000171624200016 PM 11688767 ER PT J AU McKinnon, BJ Lassen, LF Phelan, J AF McKinnon, BJ Lassen, LF Phelan, J TI Meniere's disease in military aircrew SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Eastern Section of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY JAN 29-31, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otol Soc Inc, Eastern Sect C1 Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, Hants, England. USN, Aerosp Med Inst, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Pensacola, FL USA. RP McKinnon, BJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Box 800713, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM bjmckinnon@pol.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 125 IS 4 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.118957 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 484HE UT WOS:000171683500021 PM 11593180 ER PT J AU Wojtczak, HA Kerby, GS Wagener, JS Copenhaver, SC Gotlin, RW Riches, DWH Accurso, FJ AF Wojtczak, HA Kerby, GS Wagener, JS Copenhaver, SC Gotlin, RW Riches, DWH Accurso, FJ TI Beclomethasone diproprionate reduced airway inflammation without adrenal suppression in young children with cystic fibrosis: A pilot study SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; children; inhaled corticosteroids; neutrophil; macrophage; bronchoalveolar lavage; airway inflammation ID ALTERNATE-DAY PREDNISONE; LUNG-DISEASE; INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ASTHMA; DIPROPIONATE; INFECTION; THERAPY AB Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used in cystic fibrosis (CF), but there are few studies evaluating their safety in young children. We, therefore, prospectively administered beclomethasone diproprionate (BDP) to 12 clinically stable young children with CF to examine the safety of this therapy with respect to adrenal suppression and airway infection. To determine potential mechanisms of corticosteroid action in CF, we also examined airway markers of inflammation before and after inhaled steroid treatment. BDP 210 mug twice a day was given via spacer for 2 months. Twelve-hour serum and urine cortisols and response to low-dose synthetic ACTH cortisol stimulation were assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was examined pre- and posttreatment with BDP by quantitative bacteriology and indices of airway inflammation, including levels of total neutrophils, neutrophil elastase-alpha -1 antiprotease complexes (NEAP), CA 19-9 mucin-associated antigen, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and macrophage IL-8 mRNA. Following 2 months of treatment, serum and urine cortisol levels were unchanged. Response to low-dose ACTH cortisol stimulation was not significantly decreased at 30 min. Posttreatment BALF bacteria[ density was not statistically different from pretreatment; however, one patient who was initially culture negative became culture-positive with Hemophilus influenzae. BALF total neutrophil counts, corrected for epithelial lining fluid dilution, were decreased to approximately one third of pretreatment values (P=0.03). NEAP and CA 19-9 mucin-associated antigen demonstrated similar decreases. BALF IL-8 levels and macrophage IL-8 mRNA levels were not statistically changed. These findings suggest that treatment with BDP 420 mug per day for 2 months in young children with CF does not affect urine and blood cortisol, causes no decrease in adrenal reserve, and does not result in a clinically significant increase in airway infection. In addition, the fall in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammatory markers following BDP suggests possible modulation of neutrophil influx into the CF airway and provides justification for further studies of inhaled corticosteroids in CF. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Childrens Hosp, Pulm Sect, Denver, CO 80218 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Mike McMorris Cyst Fibrosis Res & Treatment Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm Med, Temple, TX USA. Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Temple, TX USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Basic Sci, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm Sci, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Immunol, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Accurso, FJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Pulm Sect, 1056 E 19th Ave,Box B395, Denver, CO 80218 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR00069]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 65326, HL 07670] NR 40 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1002/ppul.1122 PG 10 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 478VH UT WOS:000171365700004 PM 11568990 ER PT J AU Razeghi, M Slivken, S Tahraoui, A Matlis, A Park, YS AF Razeghi, M Slivken, S Tahraoui, A Matlis, A Park, YS TI High power 3-12 mu m infrared lasers: recent improvements and future trends SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Rutherford Memorial Workshop on Semiconductor Nanostructures CY FEB 05-09, 2001 CL QUEENSTOWN, NEW ZEALAND SP USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Off Far E, Japan Soc Promot Sci, 151st Comm Nanometre Struct & Electr, Royal Soc New Zealand, Elsevier Sci, Keithley Instruments, Air New Zealand DE quantum cascade laser; wavefunction engineering; InP-based material; gas-source molecular beam epitaxy ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-THRESHOLD AB In this paper, we discuss the progress of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Room temperature QCL operation has been reported for lasers emitting between 5-11 mum, with 9-11 mum lasers operating up to 425 K. Laser technology for the 3-5 mum range takes advantage of a strain-balanced active layer design. We also demonstrate record room temperature peak output powers at 9 and 11 mum (2.5 and 1 W, respectively) as well as record low 80 K threshold current densities (250 A/cm(2)) for some laser designs. Preliminary distributed feedback (DFB) results are also presented and exhibit single mode operation for 9 mum lasers at room temperature. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, 2145 N Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00210-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 485HC UT WOS:000171746600036 ER PT J AU Doron, R Feldman, U AF Doron, R Feldman, U TI Visible and near UV M1 transitions within N-shell ground configurations of heavy ions predicted to be bright in low-density plasmas SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID FORBIDDEN LINES; ELEMENTS; NICKEL; ATOMS; TERM; IRON AB We report results of a theoretical survey on the presence of intense long wavelength spectral lines in the near UV and visible spectral range arising from transitions within the 4p(k) (k = 1-5) and 4p(6)4d(k) (k = 1-9) ground configurations in heavy ions. Ten such transitions with lambda > 1500 Angstrom were found in uranium ions. The density dependence of the corresponding line intensities is calculated for selected ions in the range 10(9)-10(18) cm(-3). Based on previous experimental measurements in the UV spectral range, performed for similar transitions within M-shell ground configurations, it is expected that most of these lines would be sufficiently bright to be observed in future EBIT experiments, and in emission produced by other low density laboratory facilities. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doron, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7670D, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.064a00319 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485HK UT WOS:000171747300008 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Singh, DJ AF Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Singh, DJ TI Effects of C, Cu, and Be substitutions in superconducting MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Density functional calculations are used to investigate the effects of partial substitutional alloying of the B site in MgB2 with C and Be alone and combined with substitution of Mg by Cu. The effect of such substitutions on the electronic structure, electron-phonon coupling, and superconductivity are discussed. We find that Be substitution for B is unfavorable for superconductivity as it leads to a softer lattice and weaker electron-phonon couplings. Replacement of Mg by Cu increases the lattice stiffness and electron count. We estimate that with full replacement of Mg by Cu and fractional substitution of B by C, T-c values of 50 K may be attainable. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 29 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 140509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.140509 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000019 ER PT J AU Pavarini, E Mazin, II AF Pavarini, E Mazin, II TI NMR relaxation rates and Knight shifts in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We calculate ab initio the NMR relaxation rates and the Knight shifts in MgB2. We show that the dominant relaxation mechanism at the B-11 nucleus is the interaction with the electronic orbital moment, and we give a simple explanation of that using a simple sp tight-binding model. When Stoner enhancement (also calculated ab initio) is accounted for, we obtain good agreement with reported experimental values. For the Mg-25 nucleus, we predict that the dominant relaxation mechanism is the Fermi-contact interaction, which also dominates the Mg Knight shift. C1 Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pavarini, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Pavarini, Eva/F-3156-2011 OI Pavarini, Eva/0000-0003-0860-8558 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 140504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.140504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000014 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II TI Superconductivity and electronic structure of perovskite MgCNi3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PALLADIUM-HYDROGEN; LANTHANUM; LNNI2B2C; SYSTEM AB The electronic structure, stability, electron-phonon coupling, and superconductivity of the nonoxide perovskite MgCNi3 are studied using density functional calculations. The band structure is dominated by a Ni d derived density of states peak just below the Fermi energy, which leads to a moderate Stoner enhancement, placing MgCNi3 in the range where spin fluctuations may noticeably affect transport, specific heat, and superconductivity, providing a mechanism for reconciling various measures of the coupling lambda. Strong electron-phonon interactions are found for the octahedral rotation mode and may exist for other bond angle bending modes. The Fermi surface contains nearly canceling hole and electron sheets that give unusual behavior of transport quantities particularly the thermopower. The results are discussed in relation to the superconductivity of MgCNi3. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 30 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 140507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.140507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000017 ER PT J AU Dolan, KT Spano, ML AF Dolan, KT Spano, ML TI Surrogate for nonlinear time series analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ATTRACTORS AB We present a surrogate for use in nonlinear time series analysis. This surrogate algorithm has significant advantages over the most commonly used surrogates, in that it provides a more robust statistical test by producing an entire population of surrogates that are consistent with the null hypothesis. We will show that for the currently used surrogate algorithms, although individual surrogate files are consistent with the null hypothesis the population of surrogates generated is not. The surrogate is tested on a linear stochastic process and a continuous nonlinear system. C1 Univ Missouri, Ctr Neurodynam, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Carderock Lab, NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Dolan, KT (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Neurodynam, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046128 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.046128 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100039 PM 11690111 ER PT J AU Fusina, R Langworthy, JB Saenz, AW AF Fusina, R Langworthy, JB Saenz, AW TI Coherent bremsstrahlung from relativistic electrons in quasicrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; CHANNELING RADIATION; DIFFRACTION; MN AB In this paper we develop a Born-approximation theory of coherent bremsstrahlung (CB) production by relativistic electrons in icosahedral quasicrystals (IQCs), described by a schematic model that incorporates the presence of phonon and phason disorder. Our main result is a formula for the cross section d sigma (CB)/dk of this process, differential with respect to the photon energy k. It predicts intense low-energy CB emission (type-A CB) when an electron is incident on an IQC along a direction almost, but not exactly, parallel to that of a major axis. It also entails a scaling law that could serve as a powerful experimental signature of type-A CB emitted by these IQCs and more general ones. We illustrate our theory by discussing numerical results for type-A CB emitted by electrons of 5-MeV kinetic energy incident in a direction close to a fivefold axis of icosahedral Al-Mn-Si (i-Al-Mn-Si) described by the above model, These calculations predict the presence of CB macro-peaks in d sigma (CB)/dk vs k, to which many smaller peaks contribute, and which should be experimentally detectable. This is also expected to be the case for other directions of incidence. Reasons for believing that the schematic model yields qualitatively correct predictions for this cross section for relativistic electrons incident on real i-Al-Mn-Si are stated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Fusina, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7252, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.046505 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100091 PM 11690163 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF Penano, JR Mori, WB AF Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF Penano, JR Mori, WB TI Seeding of the forward Raman instability by ionization fronts and Raman backscatter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODULATED LASER WAKEFIELDS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; GENERATION; PLASMAS; WAVE; BREAKING; LIMIT AB The self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator utilizes the forward Raman instability to drive a large-amplitude plasma wave. The effectiveness of this process could depend on how it competes with other processes such as self-focusing and cavitation, or other instabilities such as filamentation and hosing. The relative timing between the various processes is dependent on the nature of the seed for each instability. Both ionization fronts and Raman backscatter are capable of seeding the forward Raman instability. This causes the forward Raman instability to emerge much earlier than would otherwise be expected. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.046404 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100081 PM 11690153 ER PT J AU Huang, YN Wang, CJ Ngai, KL Wang, YN Riande, E AF Huang, YN Wang, CJ Ngai, KL Wang, YN Riande, E TI Modeling dynamically heterogeneous coupled relaxations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED ORTHO-TERPHENYL; LONG-LIVED STRUCTURES; GLASS-FORMING LIQUID; MULTIDIMENSIONAL NMR; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION AB A model describing dynamically heterogeneous relaxation in complex coupled systems is presented. The model predicts the splitting of a high-temperature single Debye relaxation to a low-temperature bimodal relaxation. The bimodal process shows a crossover from a Debye-type relaxation to an approximately stretched-exponential relaxation. Some general features of relaxation in complex systems emerge from the predictions of the model, and a comparison of the model with experiments is reported. C1 Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. CSIC, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Polimeros, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041202 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RE UT WOS:000171649000016 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Davis, J Oreshkin, VI Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Rudakov, LI AF Velikovich, AL Davis, J Oreshkin, VI Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Rudakov, LI TI High energy photon radiation from a Z-pinch plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL EMISSION; IMPLOSIONS; VELOCITY; MODEL AB A new approach to the generation of kilovolt x ray radiation in Z-pinch plasma radiation sources is proposed. In cases where the pulse power machine has insufficient energy to efficiently produce K-shell emission from the atomic number element that emits in the required kilovolt energy range, it may be advantageous to produce x rays by recombination radiation emitted from a lower atomic number plasma. The optimal load conditions for maximizing the high energy free-bound continuum radiation that can be produced in a given spectral range are analyzed. The largest yield is expected from a highest-atomic-number element that could efficiently produce K-shell yield on a given pulse power machine. Two options available for the choice of a wire array material to generate x rays with photon energies above 7-8 keV are identified and discussed, aluminum and titanium. The analytical estimates and simulation results for "Z" machine implosions show that continuum radiation from an aluminum plasma in this spectral range could exceed the K-shell output from nickel. If a titanium plasma could be ionized to a H-like state on "Z," then its yield above 7 keV should be higher compared to that of aluminum by a factor of 3 to 4. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4509 EP 4517 DI 10.1063/1.1398572 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100029 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW AF Velikovich, AL Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW TI A role for electron viscosity in plasma shock heating SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID WIRE ARRAY; Z-PINCH; IMPLOSIONS; WAVE AB The contribution of electron viscosity to shock heating of high-Z plasmas is investigated. A classical shock profile calculation is employed to show that the electron viscosity substantially affects the structure of strong shock waves in a fully ionized plasma by reducing the overheating of the ions in the viscous subshock. This effect is present for an average ion charge Z above 10. Computer simulations of Z-pinch implosions are then employed to demonstrate that this effect of electron viscosity can also be accounted for in Lagrangian hydrodynamic simulations that use artificial viscosity. This is accomplished by dividing the corresponding viscous heat release between the ion and electron components of the plasma according to the ratio of their physical viscosities. When this is done in the time-varying, ionizing plasma environment of Z-pinch implosions that are theoretically designed to generate K-shell emission in titanium and krypton, it is found that electron viscous heating can be substantial, leading to sizable reductions in ion temperatures and 10%-20% increases in K-shell emission under certain implosion conditions. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4524 EP 4533 DI 10.1063/1.1400126 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100031 ER PT J AU Antonsen, TM Fliflet, A Calame, JP Levush, B AF Antonsen, TM Fliflet, A Calame, JP Levush, B TI Collective theory of shot noise in gyroklystrons SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE INSTABILITIES; GYROTRON BEAMS; AMPLIFICATION; SIMULATION AB The discrete nature of the electron charge gives rise to what is known as shot noise on electron beams. In this paper the spectrum of shot noise fluctuations on a spiraling electron beam is calculated. Particular attention is paid to the collective effects of the electron beam that can either decrease or increase the noise level. Shielding of the electron charge tends to decrease the noise level while the electrostatic cyclotron maser instability tends to increase the noise level. The formulation describes the competition of these effects for a radially inhomogeneous beam in a nonuniform magnetic field. Results of the calculations are compared with recently obtained experimental measures of the noise spectrum. The experiments indicate that noise is suppressed by collective effects. The calculations indicate that, while suppression is possible for a sufficiently cold electron beam, it is not expected for a beam with several percent velocity spread. The observed suppression is thus due to some collective effect not included in the present analysis. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antonsen, TM (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4592 EP 4607 DI 10.1063/1.1401806 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100038 ER PT J AU Cooperstein, G Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC AF Cooperstein, G Boller, JR Commisso, RJ Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC TI Theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of a rod-pinch diode SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-OPENING SWITCH; RELATIVISTIC DIODES; FLOW AB The rod-pinch diode consists of an annular cathode and a small-diameter anode rod that extends through the hole in the cathode. With high-atomic-number material at the tip of the anode rod, the diode provides a small-area, high-yield x-ray source for pulsed radiography. The diode is operated in positive polarity at peak voltages of 1 to 2 MV with peak total electrical currents of 30-70 kA. Anode rod diameters as small as 0.5 mm are used. When electrode plasma motion is properly included, analysis shows that the diode impedance is determined by space-charge-limited current scaling at low voltage and self-magnetically limited critical current scaling at high voltage. As the current approaches the critical current, the electron beam pinches. When anode plasma forms and ions are produced, a strong pinch occurs at the tip of the rod with current densities exceeding 10(6) A/cm(2). Under these conditions, pinch propagation speeds as high as 0.8 cm/ns are observed along a rod extending well beyond the cathode. Even faster pinch propagation is observed when the rod is replaced with a hollow tube whose wall thickness is much less than an electron range, although the propagation mechanism may be different. The diode displays well-behaved electrical characteristics for aspect ratios of cathode to anode radii that are less than 16. New physics understanding and important properties of the rod-pinch diode are described, and a theoretical diode current model is developed and shown to agree with the experimental results. Results from numerical simulations are consistent with this understanding and support the important role that ions play. In particular, it is shown that, as the ratio of the cathode radius to the anode radius increases, both the Langmuir-Blodgett space-charge-limited current and the magnetically limited critical current increase above previously predicted values. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooperstein, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 51 TC 82 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4618 EP 4636 DI 10.1063/1.1403016 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100041 ER PT J AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, MF TI After-dinner physics SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2001 VL 54 IS 10 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1063/1.1420554 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 476HA UT WOS:000171219100022 ER PT J AU Welker, KM Tsuruda, JS Hadley, JR Hayes, CE AF Welker, KM Tsuruda, JS Hadley, JR Hayes, CE TI Radio-frequency coil selection for MR imaging of the brain and skull base SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America (RSNA) CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE brain, MR; magnetic resonance (MR), coils; magnetic resonance (MR), technology; radiology and radiologists, how I do it ID MESIAL TEMPORAL SCLEROSIS; SPIN-ECHO MR; PHASED-ARRAY; SUPRAAORTIC ARTERIES; INTENSITY-CORRECTION; DEDICATED HEAD; INNER-EAR; NECK COIL; ANGIOGRAPHY; EPILEPSY AB Radio-frequency coils play a crucial role in the quest for optimal magnetic resonance (MR) image resolution. Given the growing variety of specialized coils available for neuroradiologic imaging applications, it is critical that radiologists use a coherent strategy for successfully matching these coils to specific imaging situations. First, fundamental concepts of coil design are reviewed. Subsequently, a coil-selection algorithm for neuroimaging applications is described. The algorithm uses the patient's clinical history to derive a region of interest, a desired spatial resolution, and a desired contrast resolution. These factors are then used to impose anatomic coverage and imaging protocol constraints on the set of available coils. Finally, coil selection is further refined according to patient tolerance factors. The following coils are considered for use with a 1.5-T superconducting MR imager; namely, quadrature birdcage head, neurovascular phased-array, and dual sing le-circular-element coils, as well as investigational coils that have not yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration: reduced-volume birdcage end-cap, temporal lobe phased-array, carotid artery phased-array, coils. Rationales are discussed regarding appropriate coil selection for screening whole brain and imaging brainstem, cranial nerves, orbits, cerebral cortex, mesial temporal lobes, and internal auditory canal, and for MR angiography. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Neuroradiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Welker, KM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM kmwelker@pnh10.med.navy.mil FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL53596, R01HL48223] NR 38 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 221 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1148/radiol.2211001537 PG 15 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 474QT UT WOS:000171118900005 PM 11568316 ER PT J AU Hodges, AR Bussmann, KM Hoh, JH AF Hodges, AR Bussmann, KM Hoh, JH TI Improved atomic force microscope cantilever performance by ion beam modification SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The performance of atomic force microscopy cantilevers, as measured by the resonant frequency and spring constant, is directly dependent on the shape of the cantilever. Here we have improved the performance of conventional silicon nitride cantilevers by using focused ion beam milling to minimize the width of the cantilever legs. The resonant frequency in solution for any given spring constant is increased by two- to threefold, and the thermal noise in a given bandwidth is correspondingly reduced. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hodges, AR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Hoh, Jan/0000-0003-3842-9454 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3880 EP 3883 DI 10.1063/1.1405799 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 475YL UT WOS:000171197600018 ER PT J AU Mock, W Holt, WH AF Mock, W Holt, WH TI Technique for measuring the ballistic-limit velocity for small mass fragments impacting thin metal plates SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A new gas gun technique has been developed in which a small mass fragment is impacted in a precise orientation by a thin metal disk and then recovered. The metal disk is placed inside a hollow sabot that also contains a miniature soft-recovery chamber. After impact, the sabot with the fragment inside is recovered in rags. The fragment will be found either in front of the impactor disk or behind it in the soft-recovery chamber, depending upon whether the disk was perforated. This technique can be used to determine accurate ballistic-limit velocity measurements for fragments with masses less than 0.6 gm. Thirty-six experiments have been performed using this technique for masses in the 0.2-0.6 gm range. Results are presented for several experiments. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Mock, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3975 EP 3978 DI 10.1063/1.1394180 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 475YL UT WOS:000171197600035 ER PT J AU Thorp, O Ruzzene, M Baz, A AF Thorp, O Ruzzene, M Baz, A TI Attenuation and localization of wave propagation in rods with periodic shunted piezoelectric patches SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION; NETWORKS; PLATES; BEAMS AB Shunted piezoelectric patches are periodically placed along rods to control the longitudinal wave propagation in these rods. The resulting periodic structure is capable of filtering the propagation of waves over specified frequency bands called stop bands. The location and width of the stop bands can be tuned, using the shunting capabilities of the piezoelectric materials, in response to external excitations and to compensate for any structural uncertainty. A mathematical model is developed to predict the response of a rod with periodic shunted piezoelectric patches and to identify its stop band characteristics. The model accounts for the aperiodicity, introduced by proper tuning of the shunted electrical impedance distribution along the rod. Disorder in the periodicity typically extends the stop bands into adjacent propagation zones and, more importantly, produces the localization of the vibration energy near the excitation source. The conditions for achieving localized vibration are established and the localization factors are evaluated for different levels of disorder on the shunting parameters. The numerical predictions demonstrate the effectiveness and potentials of the proposed treatment that requires no control energy and combines the damping characteristics of shunted piezoelectric films, the attenuation potentials of periodic structures, and the localization capabilities of aperiodic structures. The theoretical investigations presented in this paper provide the guidelines for designing tunable periodic structures with high control flexibility where propagating waves can be attenuated and localized. C1 USN Acad, Engn & Weapons Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 19 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 5 BP 979 EP 989 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/10/5/314 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 491WF UT WOS:000172132500014 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Nichols, JM Pecora, LM Virgin, LN AF Todd, MD Nichols, JM Pecora, LM Virgin, LN TI Vibration-based damage assessment utilizing state space geometry changes: local attractor variance ratio SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID DIMENSION AB A novel feature extracted from a nonlinear time series is presented within the context of vibration-based damage detection in a system. An eight-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damper 'structure' is considered with damage incurred by a stiffness degradation in one spring. The system is excited with a chaotic input, and by tuning the Lyapunov exponents of the chaotic excitation to the dominant eigenvalue of the structure the dimensionality of the entire system is effectively controlled. Both the input and output are viewed in state space as geometric objects, and the effect of the damage is shown to alter the geometric properties of the corresponding attractors at a local level, which may be captured in construction of the feature. The utility of the feature is compared with that of a number of modal-based features and shown to be superior in resolving capability and in robustness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/10/5/316 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 491WF UT WOS:000172132500016 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI The Philadelphia navy yard: From the birth of the US navy to the nuclear age. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 810 EP 812 DI 10.1353/tech.2001.0176 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 497QJ UT WOS:000172466700035 ER PT J AU Forbes, RG Jensen, KL AF Forbes, RG Jensen, KL TI New results in the theory of Fowler-Nordheim plots and the modelling of hemi-ellipsoidal emitters SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA AB This paper reports further progress in understanding the theory of emission-area extraction from Fowler-Nordheim plots, and reports some useful interim results derived by modelling field electron emission from hemi-ellipsoidal emitters. The mathematical nature of the relationship between a new approach to emission-area extraction, recently proposed, and older approaches is demonstrated. The new approach is extended to cover field dependence in emission area. Preliminary results are reported from an investigation into the effects of making erroneous assumptions about the tunnelling barrier seen by the electron and the absence of field dependence in emission area. If wrong theoretical assumptions are made, then emission area can be overpredicted by a factor of as much as 10 or 20. On the other hand, if correct theoretical assumptions are made, then the extracted emission area is close to an emission area derived directly from the model calculations. The problematical nature of the concept of emission area, when emission area is a function of field, is pointed out. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Elect Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Forbes, RG (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Elect Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 11 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(01)00101-2 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 500EV UT WOS:000172613800005 PM 11770744 ER PT J AU Bloom, DC Carvalho, DS Kearns, DB AF Bloom, DC Carvalho, DS Kearns, DB TI Endoscopic repair of pediatric traumatic laryngeal injury SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endoscopy; laryngeal injury; repair C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Bloom, DC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, 3030 Childrens Way,Suite 402, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 60 IS 3 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0165-5876(01)00533-X PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 476TY UT WOS:000171245900008 PM 11551616 ER PT J AU Addison, SR Gray, JE AF Addison, SR Gray, JE TI Is extensivity a fundamental property of entropy? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article AB The role of linearity in the definition of entropy is examined. While discussions of entropy often treat extensivity as one of its fundamental properties, the extensivity of entropy is not axiomatic in thermodynamics. It is shown that systems in which entropy is an extensive quantity are systems in which a entropy obeys a generalized principle of linear superposition. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Conway, AR 72035 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Quantum Proc Grp, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 38 BP 7733 EP 7737 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/34/38/301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 484CW UT WOS:000171673500002 ER PT J AU Mahrt, L Vickers, D Sun, JL Crawford, TL Crescenti, G Frederickson, P AF Mahrt, L Vickers, D Sun, JL Crawford, TL Crescenti, G Frederickson, P TI Surface stress in offshore flow and quasi-frictional decoupling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; OCEAN SURFACE; COASTAL ZONE; WIND-SPEED; SEA; ROUGHNESS; EVOLUTION; VECTOR AB Aircraft data collected at approximately 15 m above the sea surface in the coastal zone are analyzed to examine the spatial distribution of surface stress. Advection of stronger turbulence from land dominates the near-surface turbulence for the first few kilometers offshore. With offshore flow of warm air over cold water, strong stratification leads to very small surface stress. Because the stability restricts the momentum transfer to the waves, the aerodynamic surface roughness decreases to very small values, which in turn decreases atmospheric mixing. The redevelopment of the boundary layer farther downstream is examined. Computation of fluxes from observations for stable cases is difficult due to a variety of errors including large random flux errors, possible instrumental loss of small-scale flux, difference between the surface flux and that at the observational level, and inadvertent capture of mesoscale motions in the computed turbulent fluctuations. Although the errors appear to be substantial, the aircraft momentum fluxes compare favorably with those from sonic anemometers on two buoys and a tower at the end of a 570-m pier, even with near collapse of the turbulence. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mahrt@oce.orst.edu RI Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015 OI Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D18 BP 20629 EP 20639 DI 10.1029/2000JD000159 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 476FV UT WOS:000171216300001 ER PT J AU Hood, LL Soukharev, BE Fromm, M McCormack, JP AF Hood, LL Soukharev, BE Fromm, M McCormack, JP TI Origin of extreme ozone minima at middle to high northern latitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; TOMS TOTAL OZONE; COLUMN OZONE; HOLE FORMATION; VORTEX; WINTER; DEPLETION; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE AB Extreme ozone minima represent localized and temporally brief (several days) reductions in column ozone amounts below some chosen absolute level. Although such minima at middle to high northern latitudes are known to be primarily dynamical in origin, a remaining issue is whether heterogeneous chemical loss processes may also contribute significantly to their formation. A case in point is the record low 165 Dobson units (DU) minimum occurring on November 30, 1999, when temperatures near 30 hPa at the location of the minimum were lower than the threshold for the formation of type I polar stratospheric clouds (PSC). An examination of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III data for times surrounding the event shows that PSCs were indeed present in the vicinity where the ozone minimum was observed. However, archived data show that a similar extreme minimum of 167 DU with characteristics comparable to those of the November 30, 1999, minimum occurred on October 30, 1985, when no PSCs were present. An ensemble of 71 extreme ozone minima with amplitudes under 215 DU exhibit a nearly linear relationship between ozone minimum deviations from the zonal mean and corresponding 30-hPa temperature deviations. Such a relationship is predicted by analytic transport models which assume that vertical motions (i.e., upwelling) are responsible for the ozone minima. Temperature deviations near 30-hPa were unusually large for both the November 30, 1999, and the October 30, 1985, events, implying unusually rapid upward transport for these events. All 71 minima occur in regions where deviations from the zonal mean of 330 K potential vorticity are negative, implying an additional contribution to their formation by quasi-horizontal transport. The timescale for column ozone reductions during extreme ozone minima events is also determined and found to be at least 20 times more rapid than expected from known chemical loss processes. The data are therefore most consistent with a purely dynamical origin for extreme ozone minima in general and the November 30, 1999, event in particular. As was shown by earlier work, the basic dynamical process involves a combination of isentropic transport of ozone-poor air from the tropical upper troposphere and rapid upwelling over upper tropospheric anticyclonic disturbances resulting from poleward Rossby wave breaking events. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hood, LL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Space Sci Bldg,1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lon@lpl.arizona.edu; boris@lpl.arizona.edu; fromm@poamc.nrl.navy.mil; mccormack@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D18 BP 20925 EP 20940 DI 10.1029/2001JD900093 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 476FV UT WOS:000171216300023 ER PT J AU Hausen, B Klupp, J Christians, U Higgins, JP Baumgartner, RE Hook, LE Friedrich, S Celnicker, A Morris, RE AF Hausen, B Klupp, J Christians, U Higgins, JP Baumgartner, RE Hook, LE Friedrich, S Celnicker, A Morris, RE TI Coadministration of either cyclosporine or steroids with humanized monoclonal antibodies against CD80 and CD86 successfully prolong allograft survival after life supporting renal transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; GRAFT-REJECTION; COSTIMULATION; B7; RECIPIENTS; PRIMATES; BLOCKING; PATHWAY; CD28; ACCEPTANCE AB Background. Recent studies have shown some efficacy using monotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD80 and CD86 receptors after life-sup-porting renal transplantation in non-human primates. Our study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combinations of the same mAbs with either microemulsion cyclosporine (CsA) or steroids. Methods. Unilateral renal transplantation was performed in 16 blood group-matched and AMR-mismatched cynomolgus monkeys that were assigned to four different treatment groups. All monkeys in groups I, II, and IV were treated with the combination of a CD80 (h1F1) and CD86 (h3D1) mAb given at 20 mg/kg each preoperatively, then 5 mg/kg at weekly intervals starting postoperative (po) day 0 until poday 56 (9 doses). In group I the animals (n=4) were treated with mAbs only. In group II (n=4) mAbs were combined with a CsA regimen adjusted daily to maintain target 24 hr trough levels of 150-300 ng/ml CsA for poday 0 to poday 56. In group III (n=4) the animals received CsA monotherapy according to the same regimen as group II. In group IV methylprednisone was administered at 2 mg/kg TV on poday 0-2, then at 0.5 mg/kg/day prednisone per gavage that was and tapered to 0.2 mg/kg/day on which they were maintained until poday 56. All animals were off all immunosuppressive treatment after poday 56 and were then followed until poday 119. Results. The mean survival of groups I-IV was 74 (range 9-119 days), 113 (96-119 days), 39 (22-71 days), and 79 days (6 to 119), respectively. All animals in group I showed clinical evidence of acute severe rejection (fever, creatinine increase, anuria) within the first week posttransplant, including those that retained renal function until poday 119. Only one animal in group II had a moderate clinical rejection during the treatment period and three of four animals survived the intended follow-up period. All animals in group III had multiple biopsy proven or severe clinical rejection episodes within the first 21 days and only one animal survived beyond poday 40. Moderate or severe acute rejection was diagnosed in three of four animals of group IV within the first 28 days post transplant and only one animal survived until poday 119. Conclusion. Our data show that combining a calcineurin inhibitor or prednisone with mAbs designed to block costimulatory signals does not antagonize the immunosuppressive efficacy of these mAbs. In addition, combining CsA with mAbs directed against the CD80 and CD86 receptors significantly prolongs graft survival when compared to CsA monotherapy. Therefore clinical trials of humanized mAbs to CD80 and CD86 used in combination with conventional immunosuppression can be considered. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Tech Serv Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Genet Inst Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Hausen, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Falk CVRB,300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD SEP 27 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1128 EP 1137 DI 10.1097/00007890-200109270-00025 PG 10 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 476QD UT WOS:000171239500025 PM 11579312 ER PT J AU Michelson, AD Barnard, MR Krueger, LA Valeri, CR Furman, MI AF Michelson, AD Barnard, MR Krueger, LA Valeri, CR Furman, MI TI Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin - Studies in baboons, human coronary intervention, and human acute myocardial infarction SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE platelets; leukocytes; tests; coronary disease; receptors ID UNSTABLE ANGINA; GLYCOPROTEIN-IB; EXPRESSION; ADHESION; THROMBIN; DISEASE AB Background-Platelet surface P-selectin is considered the "gold standard" marker of platelet activation. Degranulated, P-selectin-positive platelets, however, aggregate with leukocytes in vitro and rapidly lose surface P-selectin in vivo. Methods and Results-Flow cytometric tracking of autologous, biotinylated platelets in baboons enabled us to directly demonstrate for the first time in vivo that (1) infused degranulated platelets very rapidly form circulating aggregates with monocytes and neutrophils, and (2) 30 minutes after infusion of the degranulated platelets, the percentage of circulating monocytes aggregated with infused platelets persist at high levels, whereas the percentage of circulating neutrophils aggregated with infused platelets and the platelet surface P-selectin of nonaggregated infused platelets return to baseline. We therefore performed 2 clinical studies in patients with acute coronary syndromes. First, after percutaneous coronary intervention (n=10), there was an increased number of circulating monocyte-platelet (and to a lesser extent, neutrophil-platelet) aggregates but not P-selectin-positive platelets. Second, of 93 patients presenting to an Emergency Department with chest pain, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n=9) had more circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates (34.2 +/- 10.3% [mean +/- SEM]) than patients with no AMI (n=84, 19.3 +/-1.4%, P <0.05) and normal control subjects (n=10, 11.5 +/-0.8%, P <0.001). Circulating P-selectin-positive platelets, however, were not increased in chest pain patients with or without AML Conclusions-As demonstrated by 3 independent means (in vivo tracking of activated platelets in baboons, human coronary intervention, and human AMI), circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Platelet Funct Studies, Dept Pediat, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Platelet Funct Studies, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Dept Pediat, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Michelson, AD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Platelet Funct Studies, Dept Pediat, Room S5-846,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. NR 21 TC 441 Z9 467 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 25 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 13 BP 1533 EP 1537 DI 10.1161/hc3801.095588 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 477CM UT WOS:000171265600026 PM 11571248 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Li, XQ Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Piermarocchi, C Sham, LJ AF Stievater, TH Li, XQ Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Piermarocchi, C Sham, LJ TI Rabi oscillations of excitons in single quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; BOXES; WELL AB Transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy, performed on excitons confined to single GaAs quantum dots, shows oscillations that are analogous to Rabi oscillations in two-level atomic systems. This demonstration corresponds to a one-qubit rotation in a single quantum dot which is important for proposals using quantum dot excitons for quantum computing. The dipole moment inferred from the data is consistent with that directly obtained from linear absorption studies. The measurement extends the artificial atom model of quantum dot excitonic transitions into the strong-field limit, and makes possible full coherent optical control of the quantum state of single excitons using optical pi pulses. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Piermarocchi, Carlo/A-2427-2008; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 OI Piermarocchi, Carlo/0000-0003-2762-8562; NR 26 TC 480 Z9 487 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 13 AR 133603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.133603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 476HE UT WOS:000171219500018 PM 11580588 ER PT J AU Guest, JR Stievater, TH Chen, G Tabak, EA Orr, BG Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Guest, JR Stievater, TH Chen, G Tabak, EA Orr, BG Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Near-field coherent spectroscopy and microscopy of a quantum dot system SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; WELL STRUCTURES; EXCITONS; SPECTRA AB We combined coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy with nano-electron volt energy resolution and low-temperature near-field microscopy with subwavelength resolution (</2) to provide direct and local access to the excitonic dipole in a semiconductor nanostructure quantum system. Our technique allows the ability to address, excite, and probe single eigenstates of solid-state quantum systems with spectral. and spatial selectivity while simultaneously providing a measurement of all the various time scales of the excitation including state relaxation and decoherence rates. In analogy to scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, we can now map the optical local density of states of a disordered nanostructure. These measurements lay the groundwork for studying and exploiting spatial and temporal coherence in the nanoscopic regime of solid-state systems. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801; NR 27 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5538 BP 2224 EP 2227 DI 10.1126/science.1063696 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 475AL UT WOS:000171139400034 PM 11567131 ER PT J AU Kinzer, RL Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Strickman, MS Johnson, WN Purcell, WR AF Kinzer, RL Milne, PA Kurfess, JD Strickman, MS Johnson, WN Purcell, WR TI Positron annihilation radiation from the inner Galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; gamma rays : observations; ISM : general ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; 511 KEV LINE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; CENTER DIRECTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; IA SUPERNOVAE; AL-26; SPECTRUM; NOVAE AB The OSSE instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was used to measure the one-dimensional latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of positron annihilation radiation (annihilation line and positronium continuum components) along the inner Galactic ridge. Intensity measurements near the Galactic center (differential relative to background fields offset by 9 degrees -12 degrees) show a symmetrical and spatially narrow bulge around the center (effective FWHMs of 4.degrees9 +/-0.degrees7 in Galactic latitude and 6.degrees3 +/-1.degrees5 in longitude) with significant disk contributions to at least 35 degrees in longitude. The latitude width of the Galactic plane emission away from the Galactic center is only weakly constrained in the current analysis. The longitudinal distribution is well fitted by either a model comprising a narrow (similar to6.degrees3 FWHM) Gaussian bulge plus similar to 35 degrees FWHM Gaussian and CO-like disk components, or by a center-truncated R(1/4) spheroid plus exponential disk model. For the latter model, the observed narrow latitudinal distribution near the Galactic center suggests that the bulge is ellipsoidal, although the fits are consistent with a spherical bulge as well. The positronium fraction estimate from the Galactic center direction is 0.93 +/-0.04. This, combined with the existing narrow line width measurements for the 511 keV annihilation line, suggests that the bulk of the positron annihilation from the Galactic center direction occurs after positronium formation in a warm environment. The inner Galaxy total annihilation radiation flux intensities of similar to 10.6 x 10(-3) to similar to 13.7 x 10(-3) cm(-2) s(-1) implied by the fitted R(1/4) ellipsoid plus exponential disk model (narrow and broad disks, respectively) are in agreement with intensities implied by the 511 keV line flux observed by the broad-field SMM instrument. The double-Gaussian plus CO disk model gives similar agreement if a broad (similar to 12 degrees FWHM) disk component is assumed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. RP Kinzer, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 74 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 1 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1086/322371 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 478WP UT WOS:000171371300026 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Dere, KP Howard, RA Kundu, MR White, SM AF Zhang, J Dere, KP Howard, RA Kundu, MR White, SM TI On the temporal relationship between coronal mass ejections and flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; SMM OBSERVATIONS; TRANSIENTS; MODEL; LASCO; SOHO; INTERPLANETARY; RECONNECTION; DISTURBANCES; PROPAGATION AB The temporal relationship between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and associated solar flares is of great importance to understanding the origin of CMEs, but it has been difficult to study owing to the nature of CME detection. In this paper, we investigate this issue using the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph and the EUV Imaging Telescope observations combined with GOES soft X-ray observations. We present four well-observed events whose source regions are close to the limb such that we are able to directly measure the CMEs' initial evolution in the low corona (similar to1-3 R-circle dot) without any extrapolation; this height range was not available in previous space-based coronagraph observations. The velocity-time profiles show that kinematic evolution of three of the four CMEs can be described in a three-phase scenario: the initiation phase, impulsive acceleration phase, and propagation phase. The initiation phase is characterized by a slow ascension with a speed less than 80 km s(-1) for a period of tens of minutes. The initiation phase always occurs before the onset of the associated flare. Following the initiation phase, the CMEs display an impulsive acceleration phase that coincides very well with the flares' rise phase lasting for a few to tens of minutes. The acceleration of CMEs ceases near the peak time of the soft X-ray flares. The CMEs then undergo a propagation phase, which is characterized by a constant speed or slowly decreasing in speed. The acceleration rates in the impulsive acceleration phase are in the range of 100-500 in s(-2). One CME (on 1997 November 6, associated with an X9.4 flare) does not show an initiation phase. It has an extremely large acceleration rate of 7300 in s(-2). The possible causes of CME initiation and acceleration in connection with flares are explored. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 42 TC 382 Z9 394 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 1 BP 452 EP 462 DI 10.1086/322405 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 478WP UT WOS:000171371300043 ER PT J AU Hollis, JM Boboltz, DA Pedelty, JA White, SM Forster, JR AF Hollis, JM Boboltz, DA Pedelty, JA White, SM Forster, JR TI R Aquarii: Evidence for differential rotation of the SiO maser shell SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : individual (R Aquarii); stars : rotation; stars : variables : other; techniques : interferometric ID VARIABLE-STARS; PERIOD AB We previously reported Very Large Array and Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) array observations that suggested rotation of the SiO maser shell surrounding the long-period variable (LPV) in the R Aquarii binary system. In the present Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) work, we report high spatial and spectral resolution observations of the v = 1, J = 1-0, SiO, maser line that confirm our previous result and further suggest that the LPV maser shell is undergoing differential rotation. The 8-34 yr range of rotational periods resulting from differential rotation of the maser shell contains the similar to 18 yr period reported previously. The velocity structure of the VLBA data suggests a rotation symmetry axis oriented at a position angle of similar to 150 degrees. The differential rotation model can be envisioned as a series of nested thin spherical shells that have a common rotation axis; each thin shell is characterized by its radius, r, with the innermost shell rotating fastest and the outermost shell slowest, in accordance with an equatorial plane velocity law of the form v proportional to (1/r(q))(1/2). We find that q approximate to 1.09 is necessary to approximate the VLBA data, suggesting that the differential rotation is approximately Keplerian. C1 NASA, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Hat Creek, CA 96040 USA. Hat Creek Radio Observ, Hat Creek, CA 96040 USA. RP Hollis, JM (reprint author), NASA, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/323667 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 478WQ UT WOS:000171371400010 ER PT J AU Long, JW Qadir, LR Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Qadir, LR Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Spectroelectrochemical investigations of cation-insertion reactions at sol-gel-derived nanostructured, mesoporous thin films of manganese oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTROCHROMIC BEHAVIOR; VANADIUM-OXIDE; SURFACE-AREA; METAL-OXIDES; INTERCALATION; AEROGELS; SYSTEM; MNO2 AB Sol-gel-derived manganese oxide can readily be prepared as highly porous, nanostructured materials, including ambigel or aerogel monoliths and thin films supported on conductive, transparent glass. The electrochromic properties of manganese oxide, a mixed electron-cation conductor, provide an independent measure of the electronic state of the manganese in the oxide during the electrochemically driven cation-insertion process. Sol-gel-derived thin films of birnessite-type manganese oxide, NadeltaMnO2. xH(2)O, which is a layered polymorph of MnO2, were characterized by spectroelectrochemistry. During nonaqueous electroinsertion reactions of Li+, Mg2+, and tetrabutylammonium cation, the spectral and electrochemical signatures are temporally distinguished and electrochemical site specificity can also be discerned. The rate of coloration of the oxide (recovery of the Mn(IV) state) is approximately 4-fold more rapid than the rate of decoloration as Mn(III) centers are electrogenerated and electrolyte-derived cations are concomitantly inserted. The electrochromic efficiency for Li+ insertion into thin films of birnessite-type manganese oxides is 36 cm(2) C-1. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 37 BP 8712 EP 8717 DI 10.1021/jp0112830 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 473GR UT WOS:000171032600010 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, J AF Burkhardt, J TI Structural damage characterization using free decays SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A new technique for the identification and characterization of damage in structures is presented. The technique employs a newly developed non-exponential transient decay model which relies on a statistical description of the structure's modal characteristics. The resulting technique provides an estimate of both the severity and extent of the damage without reliance on detailed modal information. The technique is supported by numerical simulations of damaged truss structures. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burkhardt, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 246 IS 3 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2001.3654 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 476DV UT WOS:000171211700006 ER PT J AU Burt, EA Ekstrom, CR Swanson, TB AF Burt, EA Ekstrom, CR Swanson, TB TI Comment on "Quantum clock synchronization based on shared prior entanglement" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Burt, EA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 12 AR 129801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.129801 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 474TJ UT WOS:000171122700082 PM 11580569 ER PT J AU Baqar, S Rice, B Lee, LF Bourgeois, AL El Din, AN Tribble, DR Heresi, GP Mourad, AS Murphy, JR AF Baqar, S Rice, B Lee, LF Bourgeois, AL El Din, AN Tribble, DR Heresi, GP Mourad, AS Murphy, JR TI Campylobacter jejuni enteritis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; HUMAN-ANTIBODY RESPONSE; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ANTIGENS; SERA AB We report the development of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in a patient with preexisting humoral and cellular immune recognition of C. jejuni antigens. This is one of few studies in which the immunologic status of a person with regard to C. jejuni before and after C. jejuni infection is directly compared, and it is the only study of which we are aware that includes measurements of cellular immunity. The findings may be important to Campylobacter vaccine development efforts. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Alexandria, Dept Bacteriol, Alexandria, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Murphy, JR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 6431 Fannin,JFB 1-739, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 901 EP 905 DI 10.1086/322594 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PZ UT WOS:000170994700026 PM 11512097 ER PT J AU Manolache, S Somers, EB Wong, ACL Shamamian, V Denes, F AF Manolache, S Somers, EB Wong, ACL Shamamian, V Denes, F TI Dense medium plasma environments: A new approach for the disinfection of water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; DIELECTRIC-BARRIER DISCHARGES; MICROORGANISMS; STERILIZATION; SURFACES AB The levels to which microbial colony forming units are permitted in various waters fit for human contact are carefully regulated. Conventional chemical and physical approaches usually are complex processes with significant limitations due to the generation of toxic side-products. In this contribution a novel plasma reactor-dense medium plasma reactor is described, and its efficiency for the disinfection of contaminated water is discussed. It has been shown that owing to the intense stirring of the reaction medium (e.g. contaminated water), as a result of the specially designed spinning electrode and gas-flow system, a volume-character discharge is created, which can efficiently kill bacteria. It has been demonstrated that treatment times as low as 20 s are enough for the total inactivation of microorganisms for 200 mL of 10(5) bacteria/mL contaminated water. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Denes, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 18 BP 3780 EP 3785 DI 10.1021/es010704o PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473PW UT WOS:000171055400028 PM 11783659 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM Yeh, HC Su, SY Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ Keskinen, MJ AF Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM Yeh, HC Su, SY Rich, FJ Sultan, PJ Keskinen, MJ TI Response of the equatorial ionosphere in the South Atlantic region to the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; LOW LATITUDES; SCINTILLATIONS AB The effects of the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000 on the equatorial ionosphere have been studied by ground-based and satellite in-situ measurements. A large westward plasma drift in the evening equatorial ionosphere was observed as a result of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo. In that environment, the IMF Bz turned southward and presumably caused penetration of E-fields to low latitudes. This E-field initiated the onset of 250 MHz and L-band scintillations at Ascension Island (15 degreesW) and precipitous TEC decrease at Fortaleza, Brazil (38 degreesW), bounding the narrow longitude region in the South Atlantic. These impulsive ionospheric effects were extremely well correlated with abrupt decreases of SYM-H (1-min resolution Dst). The DMSP in-situ measurements showed the presence of severe ion density bite-outs extending over 30 degrees latitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region. The ROCSAT-1 satellite measured upward and large southward ion drifts in the same sector. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM santimay.basu@hanscom.af.mil; sbasu@nsf.gov NR 18 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 18 BP 3577 EP 3580 DI 10.1029/2001GL013259 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 473HN UT WOS:000171035000040 ER PT J AU Summers, ME Conway, RR Englert, CR Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Russell, JM Gordley, LL McHugh, MJ AF Summers, ME Conway, RR Englert, CR Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Russell, JM Gordley, LL McHugh, MJ TI Discovery of a water vapor layer in the Arctic summer mesosphere: Implications for polar mesospheric clouds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; OZONE AB We report the discovery of a layer of enhanced water vapor in the Arctic summer mesosphere that was made utilizing two new techniques for remotely determining water vapor abundances. The first utilizes Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) OH measurements as a proxy for water vapor. The second is a reanalysis of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) water vapor data with a technique to simultaneously determine polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) ice particle extinction along with the water vapor abundance. These results reveal a narrow layer of enhanced water vapor centered between 82-84 km altitude and coincident with PMCs, that exhibits water vapor mixing ratios of 10-15 ppmv. This indicates that a higher degree of supersaturation is present in the PMC region, and that PMCs are thus more efficient at sequestering total water (both ice particles and vapor) within the layer, than previously believed. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. GATS Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Summers, ME (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN-5C3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 18 BP 3601 EP 3604 DI 10.1029/2001GL013217 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 473HN UT WOS:000171035000046 ER PT J AU Thomas, GA Bubb, DM Koo, TY Werder, DJ Cheong, SW Federici, JF AF Thomas, GA Bubb, DM Koo, TY Werder, DJ Cheong, SW Federici, JF TI Lighting up erbium with water: Observation of substantial crystalline matrix element enhancements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have found substantial enhancements of the optical matrix elements of Er atoms when water molecules augment the symmetry-breaking electric fields in their crystalline environment. We measure enhancement factors of order 5 for the set of Er energy levels with wavelengths near 1550 nm. These transitions are technologically important because they are used in optical amplifiers for communications. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2678 EP 2682 DI 10.1063/1.1390311 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LR UT WOS:000170647500007 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Agarwal, AK Ryu, SH Palmour, JW AF Saks, NS Agarwal, AK Ryu, SH Palmour, JW TI Low-dose aluminum and boron implants in 4H and 6H silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; SIC EPILAYERS; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Aluminum and boron p-type low-dose implants have been characterized in 4H- and 6H-SiC for anneals from 1300 degreesC to 1600 degreesC. In contrast to previous studies of heavily doped p-type layers, here we study more lightly doped layers for use as active regions in high-voltage power devices. Activation rates of the implanted ions, depth profiles from secondary mass ion spectroscopy, and surface roughness data using atomic force microscopy are presented as a function of anneal temperature. The temperature dependence of the free hole density and hole mobility are characterized with Hall effect measurements. For 1600 degreesC anneals, usable device quality p-type layers are obtained for both SiC polytypes and implant species. For anneals at or below similar to 1500 degreesC, the implanted layers have much higher sheet resistivity due to the presence of unannealed compensating defects. These layers are not device quality. B-implanted layers have higher mobility, while activation of implanted Al is much higher and more uniform. Therefore, boron and aluminum have different advantages and disadvantages as p-type implants in SiC. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2796 EP 2805 DI 10.1063/1.1392958 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LR UT WOS:000170647500025 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Garcia, R Araujo, D Freundlich, A Newman, F Vilela, MF AF Walters, RJ Summers, GP Messenger, SR Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Garcia, R Araujo, D Freundlich, A Newman, F Vilela, MF TI Electron beam induced current and cathodoluminescence study of proton irradiated InAsxP1-x/InP quantum-well solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The effects of proton irradiation on strained InAsxP1-x/InP-based quantum well solar cells (QWSCs) have been investigated by the electron beam induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques. From analysis of the EBIC data, capture rates within the quantum well region have been estimated, from which the open circuit voltages of the cells were calculated and shown to agree well with the measured values. Diffusion lengths have been estimated from analysis of both the EBIC and CL measurements. The location of the energy levels of proton-induced defects and their effectiveness as nonradiative recombination centers have been determined from Arrhenius plots of the total CL intensity emitted from the quantum wells following irradiation. The results suggest that deeper and narrower quantum wells increase the sensitivity of QWSCs to radiation damage. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Solid State Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Cadiz, E-1150 Cadiz, Spain. Univ Houston, Ctr Space Vacuum Epitaxy, Houston, TX 77240 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Solid State Devices Branch, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2840 EP 2846 DI 10.1063/1.1389755 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LR UT WOS:000170647500032 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Li, JF AF Viehland, D Li, JF TI Kinetics of polarization reversal in 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3): Heterogeneous nucleation in the vicinity of quenched random fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISING-MODEL; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; DOMAIN STATES; SYSTEMS; BOUNDARY; DYNAMICS AB Polarization reversal and domain dynamics have been investigated in 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) using a method of current transients. Investigations were performed as a function of applied electric field. The kinetics of the transients have been modeled to an equation of state for heterogeneous nucleation in the vicinity of random fields. Nucleation of polar clusters with a reversed polarization occurs under applied field in the vicinity of randomly quenched defects. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Seasyst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Phys, S Kingstown, RI 02845 USA. RP USN, Seasyst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM viehlandD@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 2995 EP 3003 DI 10.1063/1.1383978 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LR UT WOS:000170647500056 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shih, A AF Yater, JE Shih, A TI Secondary electron emission characteristics of C(111) and the observation of double-peaked emission spectra SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND SURFACE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; PHOTOELECTRIC-EMISSION; CONDUCTION-BAND; AFFINITY; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; FABRICATION AB Secondary electron emission spectroscopy (SEES) is used to investigate the low-energy electron emission characteristics of the C(111) surface. A negative electron affinity (NEA) is observed at hydrogenated and cesiated C(111) surfaces, and very high secondary electron yields are measured from these surfaces. The emission from both surfaces is sharply peaked at low energy, although the cesiated surface produces greater energy spread than the hydrogenated surface. Yield measurements are uniform across the hydrogenated and cesiated surfaces, but energy distribution curves (EDCs) contain emission features that depend on the measurement position on the surface. Specifically, an intense secondary emission peak centered above E-c is observed in EDCs measured at all positions while a weaker peak lying completely below E-c appears only at specific regions of the surface. The intense peak is well understood and has been observed in EDCs taken from NEA surfaces of C(100) and chemical vapor deposited diamond. However, the weaker peak has not been observed in previous SEES studies of diamond. This peak corresponds to electron emission from surface or defect electronic states in the energy gap, and it is manifested in the EDCs only when chi is sufficiently lowered by the adsorption of H or Cs. Although the origin of the surface or defect states is not known, it appears to be associated with structural properties of the C(111) surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 6 BP 3057 EP 3064 DI 10.1063/1.1390496 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466LR UT WOS:000170647500064 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Barron, CN Rhodes, RC AF Jacobs, GA Barron, CN Rhodes, RC TI Mesoscale characteristics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETER DATA; LOCAL DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TIME SCALES; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; SEASAT ALTIMETER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ROSSBY WAVES AB The spatial length, time, and propagation characteristics of the ocean mesoscale variability are examined throughout the globe. Sea surface height (SSH) variations from a combination of the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission, ERS-1, ERS-2, and TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter satellites are used to compute the observed covariance of the mesoscale. The mesoscale is defined as the residual SSH after removing a filtered large-scale SSH having length scales greater than 750 km zonally and 250 kin meridionally. From the observed binned covariance function, an objective analysis computes characteristics of the climatological mesoscale variability. Westward propagation is dominant throughout the globe. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current appears to affect the zonal propagation, as the propagation direction is eastward throughout this current. Length scales and propagation speeds generally decrease away from the equator and are slightly larger in the west basin areas than in the east basin areas. Zonal propagation speeds are roughly in agreement with speeds based on linear quasi-geostrophic dynamics. The eddy field diverges from the equator and converges at 15 degrees in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Requirements for synoptic mesoscale observation are examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C9 BP 19581 EP 19595 DI 10.1029/2000JC000669 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 471YT UT WOS:000170956800006 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI AF Haftel, MI TI Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect for vacancies: Low-index faces of silver SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERLAYER MASS-TRANSPORT; SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; THIN-FILM GROWTH; X-RAY-SCATTERING; METAL-SURFACES; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; QUANTUM CONFINEMENT; ELECTRONIC STATES AB We employ surface-embedded-atom-method potentials to investigate the energy landscape of vacancies diffusing over, along, and near steps on the low-index faces of silver. We compare the vacancy diffusion barriers with those of adatoms. Barriers for vacancies diffusing in the surface of terraces near and up close-packed step edges are calculated for the (111), (100), and (110) surfaces. Large Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barriers (>200 meV) for vacancies ascending step edges occur on all three faces, and these barriers are enhanced over those of adatoms. Barriers for their diffusion along step edges and around kinks and corners of vacancy islands are calculated for the (100) surface. Here a sizable vacancy "corner" ES barrier occurs (148 meV). The "kink" ES barrier, which proceeds by the exchange mechanism, is very small (7 meV). We develop an accurate scheme of estimating the vacancy energy landscape in terms of bond breaking and atomic coordination at the relevant surface lattice sites. We assess the role of the vacancy diffusion barriers on the structure of two-dimensional (2D) vacancy islands and 3D vacancy pits on Ag(100). The vacancy ES effect promotes a pitted morphology that persists above room temperature. The calculated vacancy diffusion barriers do not support the suggestion that vacancy diffusion on top of clusters can help account for the behavior of the observed scaling exponent for the coarsening or diffusion of Ag clusters on Ag(100). C1 USN, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 12 AR 125415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.125415 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 476TG UT WOS:000171244400104 ER PT J AU Rodina, AV Dietrich, M Goldner, A Eckey, L Hoffmann, A Efros, AL Rosen, M Meyer, BK AF Rodina, AV Dietrich, M Goldner, A Eckey, L Hoffmann, A Efros, AL Rosen, M Meyer, BK TI Free excitons in wurtzite GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; EFFECTIVE-MASS PARAMETERS; HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EXCHANGE INTERACTION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTRA; MAGNETOREFLECTANCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We present a comprehensive study of the free-exciton and exciton-polariton photoluminescence in wurtzite GaN. Using polarization-dependent measurements we were able to resolve the fine-structure energy splittings in the n=1 state of the A exciton and to determine the energy separation between the 1S and 2P(+/-1) states as 19.7 +/-0.2 meV. For the n=1 state, the evolution of the emission from two transverse polariton branches Gamma (5T1) and Gamma (5T2), the longitudinal exciton Gamma (5L), and the dipole-forbidden exciton Gamma (6) in magnetic fields up to 15 T have been studied in Faraday configuration. We have estimated the value of the parallel effective g factor of the hole mixed into the 1 S state of the A exciton as g(A)(parallel to),1S = 2.25 +/-0.2. To describe these data a theory is developed for the exciton energy structure in hexagonal semiconductors with wurtzite symmetry in zero and in weak external magnetic fields which takes into account the effect of the hexagonal lattice anisotropy and the coupling of all excitonic states belonging to different valence subbands. The effect of the exciton interaction with polar optical phonons is considered. The theory is very successful in describing the free-exciton emission and magnetoluminescence in wurtzite GaN. The effective mass parameters and the magnetic Luttinger constant as well as the effective Rydberg numbers and binding energies of the A, B, and C excitons are determined from a comparison of the theory with experimental data. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Solid State Phys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rodina, AV (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. NR 69 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 11 AR 115204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.115204 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 474ZG UT WOS:000171136700058 ER PT J AU Irazuzta, JE de Courten-Myers, G Zemlan, FP Bekkedal, MYV Rossi, J AF Irazuzta, JE de Courten-Myers, G Zemlan, FP Bekkedal, MYV Rossi, J TI Serum cleaved Tau protein and neurobehavioral battery of tests as markers of brain injury in experimental bacterial meningitis SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE meningitis; brain injury; neurobehavioral test; cleaved Tau protein; histology ID EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LOCALIZATION; HYPOTHERMIA; RABBITS; RAT AB Brain injury due to bacterial meningitis affects multiple areas of the brain with a heterogeneous distribution generating a challenge to assess severity. Tau proteins are microtubular binding proteins localized in the axonal compartment of neurons. Brain injury releases cleaved Tau proteins (C-tau) into the extracellular space where they are transported to the cerebral spinal fluid. We hypothesized that C-tau crosses the blood-brain barrier during inflammation and that it can be detected in serum. The correlation between serum C-tau levels and the extent of the meningitic insult was examined. Furthermore, we studied whether the use of a subset of neurobehavioral tasks can assess the extent of brain injury after meningitis. The tests were chosen primarily for their ability to detect deficits in the acoustic system, low brain, reflexive responding, as well as for impaired motor coordination and the higher brain functions of learning and memory. A rat model of group B streptococcal meningitis with variable severity was utilized. At five days after bacterial inoculation followed by antibiotic therapy neurobehavioral tests were performed and serum C-tau and histologic samples of the brain were obtained. Our study shows that during meningitis C-tau appears in serum and reflects the extent of neurologic damage. Neurobehavioral performance was altered after bacterial meningitis and could be correlated with histologic and biochemical markers of neurologic sequelae. We conclude that serum C-tau and a composite of neurobehavioral tests could become useful markers for assessing the severity of neurological damage in experimental bacterial meningitis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Childrens Med Ctr, Div Crit Care, Dayton, OH 45404 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Neuropathol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat, Cincinnati, OH USA. USN, Res Hlth Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Irazuzta, JE (reprint author), Childrens Med Ctr, Div Crit Care, 1 Childrens Plaza,Crit Care Complex, Dayton, OH 45404 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD SEP 14 PY 2001 VL 913 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02764-0 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 479BB UT WOS:000171383100013 PM 11532253 ER PT J AU Thibault, P Logan, SM Kelly, JF Brisson, JR Ewing, CP Trust, TJ Guerry, P AF Thibault, P Logan, SM Kelly, JF Brisson, JR Ewing, CP Trust, TJ Guerry, P TI Identification of the carbohydrate moieties and glycosylation motifs in Campylobacter jejuni flagellin SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ALPHA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE; SINORHIZOBIUM-FREDII; NEUB GENES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEQUENCE AB Flagellins from three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of Campylobacter coli were shown to be extensively modified by glycosyl residues, imparting an approximate 6000-Da shift from the molecular mass of the protein predicted from the DNA sequence. Tryptic peptides from C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin were subjected to capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry with a high/low orifice stepping to identify peptide segments of aberrant masses together with their corresponding glycosyl appendages. These modified peptides were further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and preparative high performance liquid chromatography followed by nano-NMR spectroscopy to identify the nature and precise site of glycosylation. These analyses have shown that there are 19 modified Ser/Thr residues in C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin. The predominant modification found on C. jejuni flagellin was O-linked 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid (pseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac) with additional heterogeneity conferred by substitution of the acetamido groups with acetamidino and hydroxyproprionyl groups. In C. jejuni 81-176, the gene Cj1316c, encoding a protein of unknown function, was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis and/or the addition of the acetamidino group on Pse5Ac7Ac. Glycosylation is not random, since 19 of the total 107 Ser/Thr residues are modified, and all but one of these are restricted to the central, surface-exposed domain of flagellin when folded in the filament. The mechanism of attachment appears unrelated to a consensus peptide sequence but is rather based on surface accessibility of Ser/Thr residues in the folded protein. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. MIT, Div Comparat Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Logan, SM (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43559] NR 47 TC 221 Z9 231 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 14 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 37 BP 34862 EP 34870 DI 10.1074/jbc.M104529200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 473DK UT WOS:000171024600070 PM 11461915 ER PT J AU Ronan, K Wallace, MR AF Ronan, K Wallace, MR TI The utility of serologic testing for varicella in an adolescent population SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE varicella; vaccination; adolescent; cost-effectiveness ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES-ARMY; ZOSTER VIRUS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RECRUITS; ADULTS; INFECTIONS; SEROSURVEY; PERSONNEL; HISTORY AB The purpose of this study was to determine what proportion of adolescents without a history of varicella are seropositive, and if serologic testing of this adolescent subpopulation is cost-effective. We identified 122 patients with 'no' or 'unknown' histories of chicken pox from our adolescent clinic. Of these, 58 (48%) were found to be Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) seropositive. Cost to the government for batched serologic testing of all unknowns was $682.65, while each adolescent vaccinated cost $59.60. Serologic testing prior to routine immunization of adolescents with unclear varicella histories saved $2774.15 (38% of routine immunization costs). ln this population, serologic testing is more cost effective than routinely immunizing all unknowns. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ronan, K (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 14 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 32 BP 4700 EP 4702 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00231-6 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 473HR UT WOS:000171035500016 PM 11535319 ER PT J AU Pao, PS Gill, SJ Feng, CR Sankaran, KK AF Pao, PS Gill, SJ Feng, CR Sankaran, KK TI Corrosion-fatigue crack growth in friction stir welded Al 7050 SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; corrosion fatigue; friction stir welding ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Fatigue crack growth rates in friction stir welds in air are slightly higher than those in base metal. In both air and 3.5% NaCl solution, fatigue crack growth rates in the heat affected zone are significantly lower and DeltaK(th) significantly higher than those in the base metal. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 5 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01070-3 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 477WJ UT WOS:000171307000016 ER PT J AU Wang, RB Epstein, J Baraceros, FM Gorak, EJ Charoenvit, Y Carucci, DJ Hedstrom, RC Rahardjo, N Gay, T Hobart, P Stout, R Jones, TR Richie, TL Parker, SE Doolan, DL Norman, J Hoffman, SL AF Wang, RB Epstein, J Baraceros, FM Gorak, EJ Charoenvit, Y Carucci, DJ Hedstrom, RC Rahardjo, N Gay, T Hobart, P Stout, R Jones, TR Richie, TL Parker, SE Doolan, DL Norman, J Hoffman, SL TI Induction of CD4(+) T cell-dependent CD8(+) type 1 responses in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PLASMID DNA; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIGEN; LYMPHOCYTES; SAFETY AB We assessed immunogenicity of a malaria DNA vaccine administered by needle i.m. or needleless jet injection [i.m. or i.m./intradermally (i.d.)] in 14 volunteers. Antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays in all subjects to multiple 9- to 23-aa peptides containing class I and/or class II restricted epitopes, and were dependent on both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Overall, frequency of response was significantly greater after i.m. jet injection. CD8(+)-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were detected in 8/14 volunteers. Demonstration in humans of elicitation of the class I restricted IFN-gamma responses we believe necessary for protection against the liver stage of malaria parasites brings us closer to an effective malaria vaccine. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Bioject Inc, Portland, OR 97224 USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Celera Genomics, 45 W Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 30 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 19 BP 10817 EP 10822 DI 10.1073/pnas.181123498 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 472CZ UT WOS:000170966800058 PM 11526203 ER PT J AU Imanishi, M Dudley, CC Maloney, PR AF Imanishi, M Dudley, CC Maloney, PR TI Strong evidence for a buried active galactic nucleus in UGC 5101: Implications for liner-type ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (UGC 5101); galaxies : nuclei; infrared : galaxies ID IRAS GALAXIES; DUSTY GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLE; EMISSION; QUASARS; SPECTRA; VLA AB We report on the results of 3-4 mum spectroscopy of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) UGC 5101. It has a cool far-infrared color and a LINER-type optical spectrum and so, based on a view gaining some currency, would be regarded as dominated by star formation. However, we find that it has strong 3.4 mum carbonaceous dust absorption, low equivalent width 3.3 mum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, and a small 3.3 mum PAH-to-far-infrared luminosity ratio. This favors an alternative scenario, in which an energetically dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN) is present behind obscuring dust. The AGN is plausibly obscured along all lines of sight (a "buried AGN") rather than merely obscured along our particular line of sight. Such buried AGNs have previously been found in thermal infrared studies of the ULIRGs IRAS 08572+3915 and IRAS F00183-7111, both classified optically as LINERs. We argue that buried AGNs can produce LINER-type optical spectra and that at least some fraction of LINER-type ULIRGs are predominantly powered by buried AGNs. C1 Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Imanishi, M (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ, Osawa 2-21-1, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/323636 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472UE UT WOS:000171002700005 ER PT J AU Ronald, J Zaneveld, V Boss, E Hwang, PA AF Ronald, J Zaneveld, V Boss, E Hwang, PA TI The influence of coherent waves on the remotely sensed reflectance SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN AB Oceanic waves have been found to contribute enhanced backscattering in the direction of the illumination source in studies that assumed the ocean surface to be a random sum of waves. Here we investigate enhanced back-scattering by coherent capillary-gravity wave trains that coexist near the crests of short gravity waves in the ocean. We find that the enhanced back-scattering effect is intensified relative to that of a random surface and that the effect is observed at larger angles. This effect may not only affect active sensors such as lidar, which have a viewing angle close to that of the source but possibly passive sensors as well. This effect is likely to result in biases when attempting closure between radiative transfer models that do not include realistic representation of the ocean surface and observed water leaving radiance. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Ronald, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009 OI Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 9 IS 6 BP 260 EP 266 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 473AW UT WOS:000171018000001 ER PT J AU Thomas, JJ Shen, ZX Blackledge, R Siuzdak, G AF Thomas, JJ Shen, ZX Blackledge, R Siuzdak, G TI Desorption-ionization on silicon mass spectrometry: an application in forensics SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE forensic science; desorption-ionization; DIOS; mass spectrometry; polymers ID SEXUAL ASSAULT; LATEX CONDOMS; IDENTIFICATION; TRACES; ELECTROSPRAY AB Desorption-ionization on silicon (DIOS) is a new, matrix-free laser desorption mass spectrometry approach that allows for the direct identification of low molecular weight compounds in the presence of potentially interfering compounds. The porous silicon surfaces provide a scaffold for trapping analyte molecules, and are readily adaptable to commercial time-of-flight instruments. As an example of its utility in forensic cases, DIOS mass spectrometry was used to distinguish between similar synthetic polymers and identify specific polymers from complex biological media. Despite the absence of matrix, specific low molecular weight polymers were rapidly identified without any fragmentation. This method was applied to the rapid identification of ethoxylate polymers during a criminal investigation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Mass Spectrometry, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Criminal Invest Serv Reg Forens Lab, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. RP Siuzdak, G (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Mass Spectrometry, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 5 PY 2001 VL 442 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01107-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 468KR UT WOS:000170757300001 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RE Cross, JO Rose-Pehrsson, SL Elam, WT AF Shaffer, RE Cross, JO Rose-Pehrsson, SL Elam, WT TI Speciation of chromium in simulated soil samples using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and multivariate calibration SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption; XANES; multivariate calibration; hexavalent chromium; speciation; soil analysis ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTION AB X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been applied to the speciation of 24 simulated soil samples spiked with known concentrations (8-1015 ppm) of hexavalent and trivalent chromium. For XANES spectroscopy, multivariate calibration models, such as partial least-squares (PLS) regression provide greater capabilities than traditional univariate calibration models. Using normalized XANES spectra (5961.8-6114.8 eV), a one-factor PLS model was able to determine the percentage of hexavalent chromium with a root-mean-squared-cross-validation (RMSECV) error of 6.1%. The corresponding univariate calibration model based upon the hexavalent chromium pre-edge feature had a RMSECV of 9.1%. PLS was also used to determine total chromium content in the simulated soil samples. Using unnormalized XANES spectra (5980.3-6099.8 eV), a two-factor PLS model was able to predict the concentration of chromium with an RMSECV error of 12.1 ppm. This work suggests that a single XANES measurement can be used for both the quantitative analysis and speciation of soil samples contaminated with greater than 10 ppm chromium. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), GE Co, Characterizat & Environm Technol Lab, R&D, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 25 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 5 PY 2001 VL 442 IS 2 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01004-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 468KR UT WOS:000170757300013 ER PT J AU Rozmajzl, PJ Kimura, M Woodrow, CJ Krishna, S Meade, JC AF Rozmajzl, PJ Kimura, M Woodrow, CJ Krishna, S Meade, JC TI Characterization of P-type ATPase 3 in Plasmodium falciparum SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE P-type ATPase; Plasmodium falcijparum; malaria ID MALARIA-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CATION ATPASE; GENE; TRANSPORT; SEQUENCE; CLONING; CA2+-ATPASES; PARASITE; YOELII AB We report the nucleotide sequence, derived amino acid sequence and expression profile of P-type ATPase 3 (PfATPase3) from Plasmodium falciparum. An open reading frame of 7362 nucleotides, interrupted by a single intron of 168 nt, encoded a protein product of 2394 amino acids with a predicted MW of 282 791 Da. Hydropathy analysis of PfATPase3 revealed six amino-terminal and six carboxyl-terminal membrane spanning regions (M1-12) flanking a large hydrophilic domain with a smaller hydrophilic. loop between M4 and M5. Based on a phylogenetic comparison of conserved domains present in P-type ATPases from other organisms, PfATPase3 resembled a Type-V ATPase for which the transport affinity is unknown. The PfATPase3 topology was interrupted by four regions, termed 'inserts', unique to malarial P-type ATPases, which were high in asparagine residues and charged amino acids (inserts I1-I4). Inserts I1 and I3 also contained repeated amino acid motifs. The number and composition of repeated amino acid motifs in insert I3 were variable in seven P. falciparum strains tested. PfATPase3 was 80.2% similar to the non-insert portions of P. yoelii ATPase3, although their inserts differed in length and composition. PfATPase3 mRNA was most abundant relative to beta -tubulin during the latter half of the erythrocytic cycle and was also present in gametocytes. Using affinity-purified antibody to a 14 amino acid PfATPase3 epitope, a 260 kDa protein was detected by Western analysis. Based on immunofluorescence, the PfATPase3 protein was located intracellularly in gametocytes and, to a lesser extent, in late erythrocytic stages. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Osaka City Univ, Sch Med, Biophys Lab, Abeno Ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, London SW17 0RE, England. RP Rozmajzl, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 120,FPO AE, Cairo, Egypt. OI Krishna, Sanjeev/0000-0003-0066-0634 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP 3 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00319-X PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 472VA UT WOS:000171004600002 PM 11522345 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 6,8-Dinitro-2,4-dioxa-6,8-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C4H4N4O7, is a bicyclic carbonate ester of 1,3-dinitroimidazolidine-4,5-diol. It contains only C, H, N, and O, and has a remarkably high density of 1.953 Mg m(-3), one of the top 12 densities in the CHNO realm. Such high densities are usually only observed in strained polycyclic ring compounds such as the nitrocubanes and hexanitrohexaaza-isowurtzitane. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2001 VL 57 BP O891 EP O892 DI 10.1107/S1600536801013915 PN 9 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 480FQ UT WOS:000171451700045 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW AF Kwon, YW TI Multi-level approach for failure in woven fabric composites SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICROMECHANICS MODEL; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; MODULI; DAMAGE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 3 IS 9 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1002/1527-2648(200109)3:9<713::AID-ADEM713>3.0.CO;2-S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 477VD UT WOS:000171304200014 ER PT J AU Rose, CP Freedman, R Bauer, M Rich, C Horswill, I Schultz, A Freed, M Vera, A Dautenhahn, K AF Rose, CP Freedman, R Bauer, M Rich, C Horswill, I Schultz, A Freed, M Vera, A Dautenhahn, K TI AAAI 2000 fall symposium series reports SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Rose, CP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Horswill, Ian/B-7175-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 633MV UT WOS:000180287800016 ER PT J AU Reinis, M Bruckova, M Graham, RR Vandasova, J Stankova, M Carr, JK AF Reinis, M Bruckova, M Graham, RR Vandasova, J Stankova, M Carr, JK TI Genetic subtypes of HIV type 1 viruses circulating in the Czech Republic SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; DRUG-USERS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; UKRAINE AB We analyzed the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in the Czech Republic. Phylogenetic analysis of the env and gag gene sequence fragments from 39 isolates revealed that the majority of these strains (32 of 39, 82%) were of subtype B; other genetic subtypes identified were A, C, F, and recombinant circulating form CRF01_AE. The isolates that did not cluster with subtype B originated almost exclusively from a heterosexual route of transmission. The molecular epidemiological data are suggestive of multiple entry of HIV-1 infection into the Czech Republic and show that the genetic pattern of the HIV-1 strains circulating in this country corresponds to that found in other European countries. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Reference Lab AIDS, Prague 10042 10, Czech Republic. USN, Virol Res Program, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Bulovka Hosp, AIDS Ctr, Prague 18081 8, Czech Republic. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Bruckova, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Reference Lab AIDS, Srobarova 48, Prague 10042 10, Czech Republic. RI Reinis, Milan/G-3524-2014 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1305 EP 1310 DI 10.1089/088922201750461384 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 471HN UT WOS:000170923900012 PM 11559432 ER PT J AU Halstead, SB Streit, TG Lafontant, JG Putvatana, R Russell, K Sun, W Kanesa-Thasan, N Hayes, CG Watts, DM AF Halstead, SB Streit, TG Lafontant, JG Putvatana, R Russell, K Sun, W Kanesa-Thasan, N Hayes, CG Watts, DM TI Haiti: Absence of dengue hemorrhagic fever despite hyperendemic dengue virus transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JUNE-OCTOBER 1995; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; SHOCK SYNDROME; CUBAN EPIDEMIC; RISK-FACTORS; TYPE-2 AB In 1994-1996, 185 strains of dengue (DEN) virus types 1, 2, and 4 were recovered from febrile United States and other United Nations military personnel in Haiti. We wondered whether risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) existed and, if so, were DHF cases occurring among Haitian children. Dengue transmission rates were studied in 210 school children (6-13 years old) resident in Carrefour Borough, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. When sera were tested for plaque-reduction neutralizing antibodies to DEN 1-4 viruses, nearly 85% had antibodies to two or more DEN serotypes. The annual transmission rate was estimated at 30%, a rate observed in countries endemic for DHE Haitian DEN 2 isolates were genotype I, which are repeatedly associated with DHF cases in Southeast Asia and American regions. Despite positive virologic pre-conditions, DHF cases were not recorded by experienced Port-au-Prince pediatricians. These observations, which are reminiscent of those in Africa, provide further evidence of a dengue resistance gene in black populations. C1 Off Naval Res, Med Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Hosp Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. NMRCD, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Halstead, SB (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Med Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 31 TC 113 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 471MP UT WOS:000170933400004 PM 11561700 ER PT J AU Maguire, JD Susanti, AI Krisin Sismadi, P Fryauff, DJ Baird, JK AF Maguire, JD Susanti, AI Krisin Sismadi, P Fryauff, DJ Baird, JK TI The T76 mutation in the pfcrt gene of Plasmodium falciparum and clinical chloroquine resistance phenotypes in Papua, Indonesia SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; IN-VIVO; IRIAN-JAYA; TREATMENT FAILURES; MALARIA MORTALITY; PFMDR1 GENE; AMPLIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; PCR; ANTIMALARIALS AB The T76 mutation in the pfcrt gene has been linked to chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. PCR-based analysis of pfcrt alleles was performed on pre-treatment samples from 107 individuals who had P. falciparum infections and lived in Papua, Indonesia. The results of a 28-day, in-vivo test revealed clinical resistance to CQ in 79 (74%) of the samples. The crude sensitivity of the pfcrt T76 assay for detecting the CQ-resistant infections in the samples was 96% and the crude specificity 52%. Discordance between pfcrt genotype and in-vivo phenotype was analysed either by genotyping of the merozoite surface protein-2 (to distinguish re-infection from recrudescence) or by amplification of the P. falciparum-specific small-subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) gene, using nested PCR (to detect any sub-patent but resistant parasites in infections misclassified as sensitive by the in-vivo test). When adjusting for the results of these analyses, the sensitivity and specificity of the pfcrt T76 assay for detecting the CQ-resistant infections became 93% and 82%, respectively. Overall, the present results indicate that the pfcrt T76 assay may be used to forecast therapeutic failure caused by CQ resistance. Validation requires exploration of the phenotype classifications based on the results of in-vivo tests, using genetic analyses that distinguish re-infection from recrudescence and detect microscopically subpatent parasitaemias. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, US Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132,NAMRU TWO, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Indonesian Minist Hlth, Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maguire, JD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, US Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132,NAMRU TWO, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 95 IS 6 BP 559 EP 572 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 473HU UT WOS:000171035700002 PM 11672462 ER PT J AU Yasuda, N Fukugita, M Narayanan, VK Lupton, RH Strateva, I Strauss, MA Kim, RSJ Hogg, DW Weinberg, DH Ivezic, Z Shimasaku, K Loveday, J Annis, J Bahcall, NA Blanton, M Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Hamabe, M Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Johnston, DE Knapp, GR Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Nichol, RC Okamura, S Schneider, DP Szokoly, GP Vogeley, MS Watanabe, M York, DG AF Yasuda, N Fukugita, M Narayanan, VK Lupton, RH Strateva, I Strauss, MA Kim, RSJ Hogg, DW Weinberg, DH Ivezic, Z Shimasaku, K Loveday, J Annis, J Bahcall, NA Blanton, M Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Hamabe, M Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Johnston, DE Knapp, GR Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Nichol, RC Okamura, S Schneider, DP Szokoly, GP Vogeley, MS Watanabe, M York, DG TI Galaxy number counts from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations ID LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; REDSHIFT-SURVEY; FIELD; EVOLUTION; DEEP; DENSITY; MODELS; COLORS; STARS AB We present bright galaxy number counts in five broad bands (u', g', r', i', z') from imaging data taken during the commissioning phase of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The counts are derived from two independent stripes of imaging scans along the celestial equator, one each toward the northern and the southern Galactic cap, covering about 230 and 210 deg(2), respectively. A careful study is made to verify the reliability of the photometric catalog. For galaxies brighter than r* = 16, the catalog produced by automated software is examined against eye inspection of all objects. Statistically meaningful results on the galaxy counts are obtained in the magnitude range 12 less than or equal to r* less than or equal to 21, using a sample of 900,000 galaxies. The counts from the two stripes differ by about 30% at magnitudes brighter than r* = 15.5, consistent with a local 2 sigma fluctuation due to large-scale structure in the galaxy distribution. The shape of the number counts-magnitude relation brighter than r* = 16 is well characterized by N proportional to 10(0.6m), the relation expected for a homogeneous galaxy distribution in a "Euclidean" universe. In the magnitude range 16 3. The accuracy of quasar photometric redshifts does not appear to be dependent upon magnitude to nearly 21st magnitude in i'. Careful calibration of the color-redshift relation to 21st magnitude may allow for the discovery of similar to 10(6) quasar candidates in addition to the 10(5) quasars that the SDSS will confirm spectroscopically. We discuss the efficient selection of quasar candidates from imaging data for use with the photometric redshift technique and the potential scientific uses of a large sample of quasar candidates with photometric redshifts. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davel Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Richards, GT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davel Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Benitez, Narciso/0000-0002-0403-7455 NR 42 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1151 EP 1162 DI 10.1086/322132 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472RA UT WOS:000170997700005 ER PT J AU Budavari, T Csabai, I Szalay, AS Connolly, AJ Szokoly, GP Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Weinstein, MA Schneider, DP Benitez, N Brinkman, J Brunner, R Hall, PB Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kunszt, PZ Munn, JA Nichol, RC Pier, JR York, DG AF Budavari, T Csabai, I Szalay, AS Connolly, AJ Szokoly, GP Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Weinstein, MA Schneider, DP Benitez, N Brinkman, J Brunner, R Hall, PB Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kunszt, PZ Munn, JA Nichol, RC Pier, JR York, DG TI Photometric redshifts from reconstructed quasar templates SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : photometry; quasars : general; methods : statistical ID HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CREATING SPECTRAL TEMPLATES; BROAD-BAND PHOTOMETRY; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; COLORS; SYSTEM AB From Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning photometric and spectroscopic data, we investigate the utility of photometric redshift techniques in the task of estimating QSO redshifts. We consider empirical methods (e.g., nearest neighbor searches and polynomial fitting), standard spectral template fitting, and hybrid approaches (i.e., training spectral templates from spectroscopic and photometric observations of QSOs). We find that in all cases, because of the presence of strong emission lines within the QSO spectra, the nearest neighbor and template-fitting methods are superior to the polynomial-fitting approach. Applying a novel reconstruction technique, we can, from the SDSS multicolor photometry, reconstruct a statistical representation of the underlying SEDs of the SDSS QSOs. Although the reconstructed templates are based on only broadband photometry, the common emission lines present within the QSO spectra can be recovered in the resulting spectral energy distributions. The technique should be useful in searching for spectral differences among QSOs at a given redshift, in searching for spectral evolution of QSOs, in comparing photometric redshifts for objects beyond the SDSS spectroscopic sample with those in the well-calibrated photometric redshifts for objects brighter than 20th magnitude, and in searching for systematic and time-variable effects in the SDSS broadband photometric and spectral photometric calibrations. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Budavari, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, Pf 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Benitez, Narciso/0000-0002-0403-7455 NR 27 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1171 DI 10.1086/322131 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472RA UT WOS:000170997700006 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Holdenried, ER Platais, I Rafferty, TJ Hall, DM Hennessy, GS Urban, SE Pohl, BL AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Holdenried, ER Platais, I Rafferty, TJ Hall, DM Hennessy, GS Urban, SE Pohl, BL TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. VII. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; TRIPLE SYSTEM; ELEMENTS; ASTROMETRY; HIPPARCOS; MASSES; PAIRS AB The results of 2014 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. These observations are averaged into 1266 mean positions and range in separation from to with a mean separation of This is the 0." 21 13." 41, 2." 61. seventh in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this system and covers the period 2000 January 10 through December 8. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 126 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1586 EP 1601 DI 10.1086/322154 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472RA UT WOS:000170997700039 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Dammasch, IE Wilhelm, K AF Feldman, U Dammasch, IE Wilhelm, K TI On the unresolved fine structures of the solar upper atmosphere. IV. The interface with the chromosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID TRANSITION-REGION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; TEMPERATURE REGION; SUMER OBSERVATIONS; QUIET-SUN; SOHO; TELESCOPE; SPECTROMETER; MORPHOLOGY; NETWORK AB An important objective of the solar physics community is the unambiguous determination of the morphology of the fine structures of the solar upper atmosphere in quiet-Sun and coronal hole regions and the relationship of the cold chromosphere to the hot corona. Recently the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory succeeded in obtaining observations that can be used to achieve this goal. In this paper we study the spatial relationship between previously unresolved fine structures and the chromospheric emissions that underlie them. The main result is that looplike structures seen in transition region lines with length scales of 10"-20" straddle the chromospheric network and have no chromospheric counterpart near their apparent foot-points. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP 423 EP 427 DI 10.1086/322471 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CB UT WOS:000170794300039 ER PT J AU Bastian, TS Pick, M Kerdraon, A Maia, D Vourlidas, A AF Bastian, TS Pick, M Kerdraon, A Maia, D Vourlidas, A TI The coronal mass ejection of 1998 April 20: Direct imaging at radio wavelengths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation ID SOHO EIT OBSERVATIONS; WAVES; SIGNATURES; TRANSIENT; EVOLUTION; EVENTS AB We observed the fast coronal mass ejection (CME) of 1998 April 20 with the radioheliograph at Nancay, France, between 164 and 432 MHz. Spectroscopic data were obtained between 40 and 800 MHz by the spectrometer at Tremsdorf, Germany, and between 20 kHz and 14 MHz with the WAVES instrument on board the Wind spacecraft. Energetic particle data were obtained from the Wind 3D Plasma and Energetic Particle experiment. The CME was observed in white light by the Large-Angle Spectrometric COronagraph experiment on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. For the first time, the expanding CME loops are imaged directly at radio wavelengths. We show that the radio-emitting CME loops are the result of nonthermal synchrotron emission from electrons with energies of similar to0.5-5 MeV interacting with magnetic fields of similar to0.1 to a few gauss. They appear nearly simultaneously with the onset of an associated type II radio burst, shock-accelerated type III radio bursts, and the initiation of a solar energetic particle event. We suggest possible sources of the energetic electrons responsible for this "radio CME" and point out diagnostic uses for synchrotron emission from CME loops. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8645, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bastian, TS (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Maia, Dalmiro/0000-0001-7855-1919 NR 21 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP L65 EP L69 DI 10.1086/323421 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CC UT WOS:000170794500016 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF MacLennan, CG McGuire, RE Ng, CK Reames, DV AF Tylka, AJ Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF MacLennan, CG McGuire, RE Ng, CK Reames, DV TI Evidence for remnant flare suprathermals in the source population of solar energetic particles in the 2000 Bastille Day event SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID ADVANCED-COMPOSITION-EXPLORER; CHARGE-STATE MEASUREMENTS; IONIC CHARGE; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; HEAVY-IONS; ACCELERATION; WIND; SPACECRAFT; ENERGIES; NUCLEON AB The energy spectra of Fe in the Very large solar energetic particle (SEP) event of 2000 July 14 are strikingly different from those of lighter species. We show that this difference can be explained by shock acceleration from a two-component source population, comprising solar wind suprathermals and a small (similar to5%) admixture of remnant flare particles. as previously proposed to explain enhanced He-3/He-4 in some gradual SEP events. Flare remnants can also account for several previously unexplained features of high-energy solar heavy ions as well as important aspects of SEP event-to-event variability. These results offer a new perspective on the enduring controversy over the relative roles of Hares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in producing SEPs. Flare activity clearly makes a unique and critical contribution to the source population. But the predominate accelerator in large gradual SEP events is the CME-driven shock, and many spectral, compositional, and charge state characteristics of high-energy heavy ions can be understood without invoking other acceleration mechanisms. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 32 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP L59 EP L63 DI 10.1086/323344 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CC UT WOS:000170794500015 ER PT J AU Gibellato, MG Moore, JL Selby, K Bower, EA AF Gibellato, MG Moore, JL Selby, K Bower, EA TI Effects of lovastatin and pravastatin on cognitive function in military aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pravastatin; lovastatin; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; cognitive performance; vigilance testing; CogScreen-AE ID COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MODERATE HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PERFORMANCE; SLEEP; PSYCHOMOTOR; LIPOPROTEINS; THERAPY; TRIALS AB Background. As evidence has accumulated for the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease, younger individuals with no other co-morbid conditions will be increasingly exposed to these agents. Some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been reported to cause impairment of daytime cognitive processes that have the potential to directly impact the ability of pilots and other aircrew to perform. These studies suggested that there might be cognitive effects of these medications that would argue against their routine use in populations whose activities required high, sustained levels of cognitive performance. The objective of this study is to establish the effects of pravastatin and lovastatin on aircrew daytime cognitive function using tests that are correlated with actual cockpit tasks and inflight performance. Methods: Military aircrew with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled in the study and assigned to lovastatin, pravastatin or placebo groups. Baseline cognitive and vigilance testing was performed with computerized test instruments. Following a 4-wk treatment period, subjects were retested on both cognitive and vigilance tasks. Results. Laboratory studies confirmed that both medications were effective in lowering cholesterol. No major treatment-related side effects were encountered. Cognitive performance was not affected by either active treatment, and was not different from that of the placebo group. Conclusions: The tested medications did not have significant effects on performance as measured by two computerized performance tests. The data suggest that neither medication has significant effects on flight-related performance. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Bower, EA (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Internal Med, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 72 IS 9 BP 805 EP 812 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 468RF UT WOS:000170771400005 PM 11565814 ER PT J AU Savoia-McHugh, LA Kleinberg, DC Marshall, B Skorey, E AF Savoia-McHugh, LA Kleinberg, DC Marshall, B Skorey, E TI Repeat cycloplegic examinations at the Naval Operational Medicine Institute SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE latent hypermetropia; cycloplegic examination; hyperopia ID STUDENTS AB Background. Cycloplegic examination is required for applicants who desire entry into Naval Aviation training. Before this study, all cycloplegic examinations performed at any site were repeated at the Naval Operational Medicine Institute (NOMI), Pensacola, FL, on all student naval aviator (SNA) candidates to assess for latent hyperopia which exceeded established limits for entry into training. Hypothesis: Repeat cycloplegic examination does not vary sufficiently to change student status regarding physical qualification for training. Methods: Data analysis of cycloplegic examinations repeated at the NOMI, for which the first and second examination were recorded in the Aviation Medical Data Retrieval System (AMDRS), over 10 yr. Results: There were 3919 SNA applicants who had cycloplegic examinations repeated at NOMI. Of them, 3903 (99.59%) were within standards on the repeat examination. There were 16 candidates who were sent to NOMI with a previously disqualifying cycloplegic examination. On second cycloplegic examination, 15 were within standards for SNA. Only 15 of the SNAs with a first cycloplegic examination within standards were outside SNA standards on repeat examination. Of these 15, 12 were also outside SNA standards in distant visual acuity and/or in manifest refraction. The remaining 3 were found to have excessive myopia, not latent hyperopia, on the second cycloplegic examination. The standard deviation between the first and the second cycloplegic examination was computed to be less than 0.50 diopters in any meridian. Conclusion: The cycloplegic examination of SNA candidates need only be repeated if the first cycloplegic examination is outside the SNA limit or within two standard deviations of the SNA limit. C1 USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Savoia-McHugh, LA (reprint author), USN Hosp, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 72 IS 9 BP 839 EP 841 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 468RF UT WOS:000170771400012 PM 11565821 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JW AF Kaufman, JW TI Estimated ventilation requirements for personal air-cooling systems SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE air conditioning; air cooling; evaporative cooling; heat stress; temperature; ventilation ID HEAT STRAIN; TEMPERATURE AB Background: Individuals wearing encapsulating garments require auxiliary cooling systems to sustain physical and cognitive performance when exposed to high temperatures or workloads. Heat transfer in such cooling systems is typically based on either air or liquid as the heat exchange medium. Designing air-cooled systems requires knowledge of the quantity of heat to be extracted and cooling system design criteria, inlet air temperature and humidity and ventilation rates. Methods: This paper addresses this issue by viewing the human as a simple time averaged heat source whose temperature must be maintained within a specified range. Integrating heat production over time permits heat extraction to be separated from physiological thermoregulation. Results and Conclusions: Framing physical workload and ambient conditions in terms of military relevant scenarios for rear cabin helicopter aircrew (25 yr old male working at 45% Vo(2)max), families of curves were identified that define air conditioning system design criteria for given conditions. C1 USN, Environm Physiol & Human Performance Lab, Crew Syst Engn Dept, Air Warfare Ctr,Aircraft Div,S Engn Ctr Crew Syst, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Environm Physiol & Human Performance Lab, Crew Syst Engn Dept, Air Warfare Ctr,Aircraft Div,S Engn Ctr Crew Syst, Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 72 IS 9 BP 842 EP 847 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 468RF UT WOS:000170771400013 PM 11565822 ER PT J AU Gajsek, P Ziriax, JM Hurt, WD Walters, TJ Mason, PA AF Gajsek, P Ziriax, JM Hurt, WD Walters, TJ Mason, PA TI Predicted SAR in Sprague-Dawley rat as a function of permittivity values SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric values; dosimetry; electromagnetic fields (EMF); finite-diference time-domain (FDTD); radio frequency ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Specific absorption rate (SAR) value is dependent on permittivity value. However, variability in the published permittivity values for human and animal tissue and the development of sophisticated 3-dimensional digital anatomical models to predict SAR values has resulted in the need to understand how model parameters (permittivity value) affect the predicted whole body and localized SAR values. In this paper, we establish the partial derivative of whole body SARs and localized SAR values (defined as SAR for individual organs with respect to a change in the permittivity values of all tissue types, as well as for those tissues with the most variable permittivity values. Variations in the published permittivity values may substantially influence whole body and localized SAR values, but only under special conditions. Orientation of the exposed object to the incident electromagnetic wave is one of the most crucial factors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP USAF, AFRFL, HEDR, Bldg 1162,8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Patrick.Mason@brooks.af.mil NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 384 EP 400 DI 10.1002/bem.66 PG 17 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 468FJ UT WOS:000170747200002 PM 11536280 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, J AF Pancrazio, J TI Special issue - Cell-based biosensors - Preface SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pancrazio, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 427 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00155-5 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476ZD UT WOS:000171257900001 ER PT J AU Shaffer, KM Lin, HJ Maric, D Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Barker, JL Ma, W AF Shaffer, KM Lin, HJ Maric, D Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Barker, JL Ma, W TI The use of GABA(A) receptors expressed in neural precursor cells for cell-based assays SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE basic fibroblast growth factor; biosensor; Ca2+ imaging; GABA(A) receptors; high-throughput screening; neural stem cells; neurotoxicity; RT-PCR ID IN-VITRO; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; GAMMA-1 SUBUNITS; MESSENGER-RNAS; CHLORIDE; SUBTYPES; CALCIUM; CHANNELS; ALPHA-4; BETA-1 AB GABA(A) receptors are known targets for certain classes of environmental neurotoxins and pharmaceutical compounds. Since few neural cell lines express functional GABA(A) receptors, the capacity to rapidly screen for compounds that affect GABA(A) receptor function is presently limited. Previous work has demonstrated that rat neural precursor cells express functional GABA(A) receptors that can be monitored via Call imaging. This study examined GABA(A) receptor subunit expression to determine whether GABA(A) receptor function and its interactions with neurotoxins is preserved after passaging. Neural precursor cells isolated from embryonic day 13 rat brain were expanded in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor and passaged three times. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated early expression of abundant mRNAs encoding various GABA(A) receptor subunits. Ca2+ imaging showed that the highly proliferating precursor cells in passaged cultures maintained expression of functional GABA(A) receptors. In addition, we showed that trimethylolpropane phosphate, a neurotoxin generated during partial pyrolysis of a synthetic ester turbine engine lubricant, potently inhibited muscimol (GABA(A) receptor agonist) but not depolarization-induced cytosolic Call increase. The findings of this study suggest that neural precursor cells may be well suited for the evaluation of certain environmental neurotoxins with convulsant activity. The potential use of neural precursor cells in high-throughput screens for compounds acting on GABA(A) receptors is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINCDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00162-2 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476ZD UT WOS:000171257900008 PM 11544042 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Billings, L Pancrazio, JJ Schnur, JM AF Schwartz, IB Billings, L Pancrazio, JJ Schnur, JM TI Methods for short time series analysis of cell-based biosensor data SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE spiking; neurons; time series; nonlinear dynamics; biosensors; delay embedding ID NEURON MODELS; MOTONEURON; NOISE AB This paper describes two approaches for sensing changes in spiking cells when only a limited amount of spike data is available, i.e., dynamically constructed local expansion rates and spike area distributions. The two methods were tested on time series from cultured neuron cells that exhibit spiking both autonomously and in the presence of periodic stimulation. Our tested hypothesis was that minute concentrations of toxins could affect the local statistics of the dynamics. Short data sets having relatively few spikes were generated from experiments on cells before and after being treated with a small concentration of channel blocker. In spontaneous spiking cells, local expansion rates show a sensitivity that correlates with channel concentration level, while stimulated cells show no such correlation. Spike area distributions on the other hand showed measurable differences between control and treated conditions for both types of spiking, and a much higher degree of sensitivity. Because these methods are based on analysis of short time series analysis, they might provide novel means for cell drug and toxin detection. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00164-6 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476ZD UT WOS:000171257900010 PM 11544044 ER PT J AU Keefer, EW Gramowski, A Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ Gross, GW AF Keefer, EW Gramowski, A Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ Gross, GW TI Characterization of acute neurotoxic effects of trimethylolpropane phosphate via neuronal network biosensors SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE trimethylolpropane phosphate; neuronal network; neurotoxicants ID BICYCLIC PHOSPHORUS ESTERS; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; INHIBITION; TOXICITY; PATTERNS; CULTURES; RELEASE AB We have utilized cultured neuronal networks grown on microelectrode arrays to demonstrate rapid, reliable detection of a toxic compound, trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP). Initial experiments. which were performed blind. demonstrated rapid classification of the compound as a convulsant. a finding consistent with previous whole animal neurobehavioral studies. TMPP (2-200 muM) reorganized network spike activity into synchronous, quasi-periodic burst episodes. Integrated burst amplitudes invariably increased, reflecting higher spike frequencies within each burst. The variability of network burst parameters, quantified as coefficients of variation (CVs), was decreased. Mean CVs for burst duration, interburst interval, and burst rate were lowered by 42 +/- 13, 58 +/- 5.5, and 62 +/- 1.8%, respectively (mean SEM, n = 8 cultures, 197 channels). These changes in network activity paralleled the effects induced by bicuculline, a known disinhibitory and seizure-inducing drug, and confirmed classification of TMPP as a potential epileptogenic compound. Simple pharmacological tests permit exploration of mechanisms underlying observed activity shifts. The EC50 for GABA inhibition of network activity was increased from 2.8 to 7.0 muM by 20 muM TMPP and to 20.5 muM by 200 muM TMPP. Parallel dose-response curves suggest that TMPP acts by a competitive antagonism of GABA inhibition, and are consistent with reported patch-clamp analysis of TMPP-induced reduction of inhibitory postsynaptic current amplitudes. The potency of TMPP in generating epileptiform activity in vitro was comparable to concentrations reported for in vivo studies. TMPP and bicuculline produced both increases and decreases in burst rate depending on native spontaneous bursting levels. These results demonstrate a need for multivariate analysis of network activity changes to yield accurate predictions of compound effects. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, UNT Stn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, UNT Stn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Rostock, Inst Cell Technol, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gross, GW (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, UNT Stn, POB 304220, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015; OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690; Keefer, Edward/0000-0002-0470-9186 NR 33 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 513 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00165-8 PG 13 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476ZD UT WOS:000171257900011 PM 11544045 ER PT J AU Gray, SA Kusel, JK Shaffer, KM Shubin, YS Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Gray, SA Kusel, JK Shaffer, KM Shubin, YS Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Design and demonstration of an automated cell-based biosensor SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amplifier; array; biosensor; cardiac myocytes; extracellular recording; microelectrode; portable ID MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; NEURONAL NETWORKS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; CULTURE; STIMULATION; SYSTEM AB Cell-based biosensors have the capacity to respond to a wide range of analytes in a physiologically relevant manner and appear well-suited for toxicity monitoring of both known and unknown analytes. One means of acquiring cellular functional information for biosensor applications involves extracellular recording from excitable cells, which can generate noninvasive and long-term measurements. Previous work from our laboratory described a prototype portable system capable of high signal-to-noise extracellular recordings, in spite of deficiencies in thermal control, fluidics handling. and absence of data acquisition (DAQ) capability. The present work describes a cell-based biosensor system that incorporates low noise amplifier and filter boards, a two-stage thermal control system with integrated fluidics and a flexible graphical user interface for DAQ and control implemented on a personal computer. Wherever possible, commercial off-the-shelf components have been utilized for system design and fabrication. The system exhibits input-referred noise levels of 5-10 muV(RMS), such that extracellular potentials exceeding 50-60 muV can be readily resolved. In addition, the biosensor system is capable of automated temperature and fluidics control. Flow rates can range from 0-2.5 ml/min, while the cell recording chamber temperature is maintained within a range of 36-37 degreesC. To demonstrate the capability of this system to resolve small extracellular potentials, recordings from embryonic chick cardiac myocytes have been performed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00167-1 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476ZD UT WOS:000171257900013 PM 11544047 ER PT J AU Andreadis, JD Mann, TT Russell, AC Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Andreadis, JD Mann, TT Russell, AC Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Identification of differential gene expression profiles in rat cortical cells exposed to the neuroactive agents trimethylolpropane phosphate and bicuculline SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE neurons; polymerase chain reaction; gene expression; microarrays; GABA-A antogonist ID ESTER TURBINE LUBRICANTS; NEURONAL NETWORKS; NEUROTOXIN FORMATION; DNA MICROARRAY; IN-VITRO; BRAIN; DOUBLECORTIN; TOXICOGENOMICS; TRANSLOCATION; MICROTUBULES AB Recent technological advancements in microfabrication combined with the rapid acquisition of full genome sequence data have led to the development of DNA arrays that have the capacity to monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. The development of this technology enables the use of functional genomics approaches to identify molecular markers associated with Cellular responsiveness to cytotoxic exposures. Databases containing unique cell-response profiles associated with specific toxicants or classes of toxicants can then be used in conjunction with cell-based biosensor platforms for environmental surveillance and toxicological assessment. An important issue that must be addressed, however, is whether DNA arrays can be used to identify transient gene modulation events in a reproducible manner. To address this issue, we utilized a primary embryonic rat (day 18) cortical cell model system and examined the RNA of both chemically treated and untreated cells using radioisotope-labeled cDNA probes and commercially available nylon membrane arrays. Using this approach, we examined experimental variability, basal gene expression variability, the occurrence of false positives, and the reproducibility of gene expression profiles obtained after chemical exposure. Minimal differences in gene modulation were observed between RNA samples from independently cultured cortical cells when array experiments were conducted in parallel (Pearson correlation coefficient for gene intensities = 0.98). In contrast, significant differences in gene expression were observed between array experiments conducted at different times with an identical RNA source (Pearson correlation coefficient for gene intensities = 0.91). Our results suggest the effect of basal gene activity differences in independently isolated cell cultures is negligible and that experimental variability possibly associated with the handling of RNA samples, differences in reverse transcription efficiency, hybridization, and/or signal acquisition are the primary contributors to variability in measurements. Using cDNA array analysis of unexposed cells from three independent cell culture preparations, we calculated false positive gene modulation events as a function of the threshold \ log(2) R \ > 1.0. The number of false positives using this criteria was 1 - 10 gene/ESTs/5109 actively transcribed gene/ESTs represented on the array. Using three independent replicate experiments of untreated cortical cell cultures, we determined that a threshold criterion of \ log(2) R \ > 0.63 for triplicate experiments would reduce the expected number of false positives in our experiments to less than one. Using this criterion, reproducible gene expression profiles were identified in cortical cells exposed to the neuroactive agents trimethylolpropane phosphate and bicuculline. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Andreadis, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00174-9 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476ZD UT WOS:000171257900020 PM 11544054 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT Alltop, WO Martin, JM AF Gillespie, DT Alltop, WO Martin, JM TI Modeling quantum measurement probability as a classical stochastic process SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID MARKOV PROCESS; MECHANICS CANNOT; DYNAMICS; STATE AB The time-dependent measurement probabilities for the simple two-state quantum oscillator seem to invite description as a classical two-state stochastic process. It has been shown that such a description cannot be achieved using a Markov process. Constructing a more general non-Markov process is a challenging task, requiring as it does the proper generalizations of the Markovian Chapman-Kolmogorov and master equations. Here we describe those non-Markovian generalizations in some detail, and we then apply them to the two-state quantum oscillator. We devise two non-Markovian processes that correctly model the measurement statistics of the oscillator, we clarify a third modeling process that was proposed earlier by others, and we exhibit numerical simulations of all three processes. Our results illuminate some interesting though widely unappreciated points in the theory of non-Markovian stochastic processes. But since quantum theory does not tell us which one of these quite different modeling processes "really" describes the behavior of the oscillator, and also since none of these processes says anything about the dynamics of other (noncommuting) oscillator observables, we can see no justification for regarding any of these processes as being fundamentally descriptive of quantum dynamics. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Dept, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Res Dept, Air Warfare Ctr, Mail Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 548 EP 562 DI 10.1063/1.1378791 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 469EC UT WOS:000170800800013 ER PT J AU Hayes, DF Yamauchi, H Broadwater, G Cirrincione, CT Rodrigue, SP Berry, DA Younger, J Panasci, LL Millard, F Duggan, DB Norton, L Henderson, IC AF Hayes, DF Yamauchi, H Broadwater, G Cirrincione, CT Rodrigue, SP Berry, DA Younger, J Panasci, LL Millard, F Duggan, DB Norton, L Henderson, IC TI Circulating HER-2/erbB-2/c-neu (HER-2) extracellular domain as a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic breast cancer: Cancer and leukemia group B study 8662 SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID C-ERBB-2 ANTIGEN LEVELS; ADJUVANT THERAPY; TUMOR-MARKERS; PHASE-II; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; TAMOXIFEN RESISTANCE; ENDOCRINE THERAPY; PREDICTIVE-VALUE; NEU-ONCOGENE; EXPRESSION AB Purpose: The HER-2/erbB-2/c-neu (HER-2) proto-oncogene is a M(r) 185,000 transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is amplified and/or overexpressed by 20-40% of breast cancers. HER-2 has been associated with worse prognosis and resistance or sensitivity to specific treatment. We evaluated circulating levels of extracellular domain of HER-2 (ECD/HER-2) in metastatic breast cancer patients and investigated the prognostic and predictive significance of circulating HER-2 levels regarding endocrine therapy or chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Plasma samples from 242 patients were assayed for circulating ECD/HER-2 levels, using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. ECD/HER-2 was correlated with clinical data gathered from these patients while they were participating in prospective Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) therapeutic protocols for metastatic breast cancer. Results: Eighty-nine (37%) of 242 patients had elevated ECD/HER-2 levels (greater than or equal to 10.5 ng/ml). ECD/HER-2 was significantly associated with tumor burden, progesterone receptor levels, and presence of visceral metastases. Patients with elevated pretreatment levels had a significantly shorter OS but not time-to-progression than did those with ECD/HER-2 levels < 10.5ng/ml in univariate analysis. In univariate but not multivariate subset analyses, among patients treated with endocrine therapy (megestrol acetate), elevated initial ECD/HER-2 was associated with worse OS compared with nonelevated patients. However, among patients treated with chemotherapy (mainly anthracycline-containing regimens), OS did not differ significantly. Rates of response to either endocrine therapy or chemotherapy were similar for patients with elevated and nonelevated ECD/HER-2 levels. Conclusions: ECD/HER-2 levels are elevated in 35-40% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Elevated ECD/HER-2 levels are associated with a poorer prognosis in these patients. However, no predictive role for ECD/HER-2 was identified, either for endocrine therapy or for anthracycline-based chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Vincent T Lombardi Canc Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. CALGB Stat Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Down E Orthoped Assoc, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77080 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. McGill Dept Oncol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. SUNY, Upstate Med Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. RP Hayes, DF (reprint author), 6312 CCGC,1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47642, CA02599, CA03927, CA04326, CA04457, CA07968, CA08025, CA11028, CA11789, CA12046, CA12449, CA16450, CA21060, CA26806, CA31809, CA31946, CA31983, CA32291, CA33601, CA35406, CA37135, CA37447, CA41287, CA45374, CA45389, CA45400, CA45418, CA45564, CA45808, CA47545, CA47555, CA47559, CA47577, CA54697, CA74811, CA77298, CA77406, CA77440, CA77597, CA77651, R03CA53336]; PHS HHS [60138] NR 56 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2703 EP 2711 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 473GD UT WOS:000171031400015 PM 11555582 ER PT J AU Burgess, TH Steele, KE Schoneboom, BA Grieder, FB AF Burgess, TH Steele, KE Schoneboom, BA Grieder, FB TI Clinicopathologic features of viral agents of potential use by bioterrorists SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; INFECTIOUS RNA TRANSCRIPTS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PROTECT GUINEA-PIGS; EBOLA-VIRUS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Concerns regarding the possible use of viral agents as weapons of mass destruction have heightened our need to recognize disease syndromes caused by these pathogens and to increase our understanding of potential countermeasures. This article reviews the clinical and pathologic features of various viruses that are generally thought to be potential biowarfare threat, and other related agents of topical interest. The epidemiologic and clinical aspect of recent natural outbreaks of disease caused by exotic viral agents are briefly described. Viral tissue target, immune responses to these agents, relevant animal models, and diagnostic and potential therapeutic modalities also are discussed. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Viral Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Grad Program Anesthesia Nursing, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. NIH, Lab Anim Sci Program, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Burgess, TH (reprint author), USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 475 EP + PG 20 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 474NL UT WOS:000171113300007 PM 11572138 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES TI The influence of shock bifurcations on shock-flame interactions and DDT SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DETONATION TRANSITION; HOT-SPOTS; DEFLAGRATION; INITIATION AB Time-dependent, multidimensional, reactive Navier-Stokes fluid-dynamics simulations are used to examine the effects of bifurcated shock structures on shock-flame interactions and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in shock-tube experiments. The computations are performed for low-pressure (100 torr) ethylene-air mixtures using a dynamically adapting computational mesh to resolve flames, shocks, boundary layers, and vortices in flow. Results of the simulations show a complex sequence of events, starting from the interactions of an incident shock with an initially laminar flame, formation of a flame brush, DDT, and finally the emergence of a self-sustained detonation with the type of transverse-wave structure that forms detonations cells. An important process, studied here in detail, is the interaction of the reflected shock with the boundary layer formed by the incident shock. This interaction leads to bifurcation of the reflected shock and the formation of a complex structure containing a leading oblique shock followed by a recirculation region. If the flame is close enough to the bifurcated structure, it becomes entrained in the recirculation region and attached to the bifurcated shock. This changes the nature of the shock-flame interaction both qualitatively and quantitatively. The reactive bifurcated structure, containing an attached flame, appears as a shock-flame complex propagating at approximately one half of the CJ velocity. The presence of a bifurcated structure leads to an increase in the energy-release rate, the formation of Mach stems in the middle of the shock tube, and creation of multiple hot spots behind the Mach stem, thus facilitating DDT. (C) 2001 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2001 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1810 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00291-7 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484TA UT WOS:000171704600005 ER PT J AU Hanack, M Schneider, T Barthel, M Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS AF Hanack, M Schneider, T Barthel, M Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS TI Indium phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines for optical limiting SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE phthalocyanines; naphthalocyanines; indium; axial substitution; linear optical properties; nonlinear optical properties; optical limiting ID REVERSE-SATURABLE ABSORPTION; C-60; SUBSTITUTION; PICOSECOND; FULLERENES; COMPLEXES; KINETICS AB In this work, an overview of optical limiting processes in phthalocyanines is given. The synthesis and the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a series of highly soluble axially substituted indium(III) phthalocyanines and the analogous series of naphthalocyanines are described. Several techniques, such as transient absorption, Z-scan, and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), were used for assessing the optical properties and optical limiting performance of the indium phthalo- and naphthalocyanines. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hanack, M (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. NR 41 TC 198 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 219 BP 235 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0010-8545(01)00327-7 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 478JQ UT WOS:000171343600010 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Normalization for citation analysis SO CORTEX LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSON DIVISIONE PERIODICI PI MILAN PA VIA FRATELLI BRESSAN 2, 20126 MILAN, ITALY SN 0010-9452 J9 CORTEX JI Cortex PD SEP PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 604 EP 606 DI 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70606-3 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 487AG UT WOS:000171851100021 PM 11721877 ER PT J AU Hennessy, MB Deak, T Schiml-Webb, PA AF Hennessy, MB Deak, T Schiml-Webb, PA TI Stress-induced sickness behaviors: An alternative hypothesis for responses during maternal separation SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal separation; isolation; acute phase response; sickness behaviors; despair; depression; immune response; cytokines; corticotropin-releasing factor; guinea pig ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; GUINEA-PIG PUPS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA PROTEIN; METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BIPOLAR DISORDER AB During maternal separation, some primate and nonprimate species show a biphasic (active/passive) response. The second stage is characterized by reduced activity a hunched body posture, and other behaviors. Traditionally, the second stage has been referred to as "despair" and is considered an animal model for human depression. Recent research in psychoneuroimmunology suggests an alternative hypothesis-that behaviors occurring during the second passive phase represent stress-induced "sickness behaviors." This perspective more readily accounts for findings in widely divergent species', does not require assumptions regarding the ability to express complex emotional states, is empirically testable, and aligns the separation model with recent hypotheses regarding the nature and ontogeny of depressive illness. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hennessy, MB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 80 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0012-1630 J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL JI Dev. Psychobiol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1002/dev.1031 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA 470GX UT WOS:000170863500002 PM 11568877 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Pederson, MR Hellberg, CS Khanna, SN AF Kortus, J Pederson, MR Hellberg, CS Khanna, SN TI DFT studies of the molecular nanomagnet Fe-8 and the V-15 spin system - Electronic structure and magnetic ordering SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters (ISSPIC 10) CY OCT 11-15, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Georgia Inst Technol, USAF, Off Sci Res ID CLUSTERS; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; COMPLEX AB Based on first-principles all-electron density-functional calculations we report the electronic structure and magnetic ordering of the molecular magnet Fe-8 and the V-15 spin system. The ferrimagnetic ordering with total spin S = 10 of the eight iron atoms in the Fe-8 cluster agrees well with experimental results from polarized neutron data. In comparison the low spin system V-15 shows a spin S = 1/2 ground state which is also found from our calculations. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kortus@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 EI 1434-6079 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s100530170086 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 490FH UT WOS:000172039400040 ER PT J AU Oldfield, EC Wallace, MR AF Oldfield, EC Wallace, MR TI The role of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diarrhea SO GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTIONS; DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM DT104; RESISTANT SALMONELLA-TYPHI; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1; SINGLE-DOSE CIPROFLOXACIN AB Antibiotics have been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of infectious diarrhea caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens. The continued emergence of significant antimicrobial resistance among all of the microorganisms responsible for infectious diarrhea, however, makes the judicious use of antibiotics a critical part of daily practice. Antibiotics should be reserved for patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea and those at high risk for complications, such as the elderly, diabetics, cirrhotics, and the immunocompromised. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. USN, Div Infect Dis, Naval Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Oldfield, EC (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 825 Fairfax Ave, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. NR 149 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8553 J9 GASTROENTEROL CLIN N JI Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 817 EP + DI 10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70212-0 PG 21 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 475QX UT WOS:000171176500014 PM 11586559 ER PT J AU Fleischer, P Orsi, TH Richardson, MD Anderson, AL AF Fleischer, P Orsi, TH Richardson, MD Anderson, AL TI Distribution of free gas in marine sediments: a global overview SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Review ID PROCESSES CONTROLLING METHANE; FINE-GRAINED DEPOSITS; SLOPE SW SPAIN; SHALLOW GAS; CHARGED SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORWEGIAN TRENCH; ECKERNFORDE BAY; SCOTIAN SHELF; SEA-FLOOR AB To quantify the global distribution of free gas in shallow marine sediments, we have identified and indexed over 100 documented cases in the scientific and engineering literature. Our survey confirms previous assumptions, primarily that gas bubbles are ubiquitous in the organic-rich muds of coastal waters and shallow adjacent seas. Acoustic turbidity, as recorded during seismo-acoustic surveys, is the most frequently cited evidence used to infer the presence of seafloor gas. Biogenic methane predominates within these shallow subbottom deposits. Because of their global prevalence, growing interest in gassy marine sediments is understandable, as their presence can have profound scientific, engineering and environmental significance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Fleischer, P (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 163 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 103 EP 122 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 477TA UT WOS:000171299300006 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Kammeyer, P Ray, J AF Johnson, TJ Kammeyer, P Ray, J TI The effects of geophysical fluids on motions of the Global Positioning System satellites SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAGEOS; MODEL AB For over a decade, laser ranging satellites have been used to study variations in the low-order terms of the Earth's gravitational potential. The primary non-tidal source of these variations is redistribution of the mass contained in the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and continental hydrology. This paper presents an independent detection of these variations using five years of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite orbits from the International GPS Service. This detection is based on comparisons of observed Earth-referenced positions for the GPS satellites with orbit planes predicted in Earth-centered inertial coordinates. The difference between a GPS UT1-like quantity (UTGPS) and UTC represents the net nodal drift of the GPS constellation and contains both changes in the difference UT1 - UTC and effects from even zonal variations in the Earth's gravitational field. Our results indicate that J(2) variations at sub-monthly to annual time scales predicted by the National Center for Environmental Prediction's atmosphere model are, in fact, significantly correlated with variations estimated from UTGPS - UT1. In addition, ocean and continental hydrology models suggest that these geophysical fluids make non-negligible contributions at seasonal and other specific time scales. C1 USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 17 BP 3329 EP 3332 DI 10.1029/2001GL013180 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 467JM UT WOS:000170698700030 ER PT J AU McClusky, SC Bjornstad, SC Hager, BH King, RW Meade, BJ Miller, MM Monastero, FC Souter, BJ AF McClusky, SC Bjornstad, SC Hager, BH King, RW Meade, BJ Miller, MM Monastero, FC Souter, BJ TI Present day kinematics of the Eastern California Shear Zone from a geodetically constrained block model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GARLOCK FAULT; MOJAVE-DESERT; PLATE MOTION; SLIP RATES; VALLEY; EARTHQUAKES; NEVADA; DEFORMATION; SPACE AB We use Global Positioning System (GPS) data from 1993-2000 to determine horizontal velocities of 65 stations in eastern California and western Nevada between 35 degrees and 37 degrees N. We relate the geodetic velocities to fault slip rates using a block model that enforces path integral constraints over geologic and geodetic time scales and that includes the effects of elastic strain accumulation on faults locked to a depth of 15 km. The velocity of the Sierra Nevada block with respect to Nevada is 11.1 +/- 0. 3 mm/yr, with slip partitioned across the Death Valley.. (2.8 +/- 0.5 mm/yr), Panamint Valley (2.5 +/- 0.8 mm/yr), and Airport Lake/Owens Valley (5.3 +/- 0.7/4.6 +/- 0.5 mm/yr) faults. The western Mojave block rotates at 2.1 +/- 0.8 degrees /My clockwise, with 3.7 +/- 0.7 mm/yr of left lateral motion across the western Garlock Fault. We infer 11 +/- 2 mm/yr of right lateral motion across the Mojave region of the Eastern California Shear Zone. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Air Weapons Stn, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Souter Comp Serv, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP McClusky, SC (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Rm 54-614, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Miller, M Meghan/0000-0002-7296-0639; McClusky, Simon/0000-0003-4040-925X NR 26 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 17 BP 3369 EP 3372 DI 10.1029/2001GL013091 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 467JM UT WOS:000170698700040 ER PT J AU Govar, CJ Squires, TL AF Govar, CJ Squires, TL TI Safety tests of lithium 9-volt batteries for Navy applications - The 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances - Long Beach, January 2001 SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) batteries are relatively inexpensive, readily accessible, and extremely versatile. These attributes allow the military to save time and money during the research and development stages. Of these COTS batteries, a 9-Volt (9V) lithium/manganese dioxide battery is the subject of this paper. This 9V battery has the ability to provide a low magnetic signature, which is very important to the Navy for many applications. Also, it is Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed at the unit level; however, these UL tests cannot be directly related to the safety of these 9V batteries when they are combined in various series and parallel configurations. Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Carderock was tasked to rate the safety of several such specialized battery packs. It was found that packs consisting of two 9V batteries in parallel were relatively safe, experiencing no violent behavior. Battery packs with six 9Vs in parallel vented and deformed the 9V batteries, but no smoke or flames were noticed. A battery pack with thirty 9V batteries, 2 in series with 15 legs, experienced venting, smoke, and flames under certain circumstances. After testing, the six and thirty 9V packs were required to include the addition of various safety devices. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Govar, CJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 9 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1109/62.949535 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 473QC UT WOS:000171056000010 ER PT J AU Shaw, LB Cole, B Thielen, PA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Shaw, LB Cole, B Thielen, PA Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Mid-wave IR and long-wave IR laser potential of rare-earth doped chalcogenide glass fiber SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenide glass; infrared spectroscopy; optical fiber amplifiers; optical fiber lasers; optical fiber materials; rare-earth compounds ID LANTHANUM SULFIDE GLASS; BROAD-BAND EXCITATION; MU-M; INFRARED-EMISSION; DY3+; PR3+; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB The mid-wave IR and long-wave IR laser potential of rare-earth ions in chalcogenide glass fiber is reviewed. Spectroscopic data for the mid-wave and long-wave IR transitions for Pr3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ in chalcogenide glass is presented and used as a basis for discussion of laser potential in these glasses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Infrared Mat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Keopsys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Infrared Mat Grp, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1127 EP 1137 DI 10.1109/3.945317 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 468HW UT WOS:000170752900004 ER PT J AU Abrams, RH Levush, B Mondelli, AA Parker, RK AF Abrams, R. H. Levush, B. Mondelli, A. A. Parker, R. K. TI Vacuum Electronics for the 21st Century SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Abrams, R. H.; Levush, B.; Parker, R. K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mondelli, A. A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Abrams, RH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 2 IS 3 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1109/6668.951550 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V32ZW UT WOS:000208990100006 ER PT J AU Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ Esman, RD AF Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ Esman, RD TI Polarization-maintaining hybrid erbium-brillouin amplifier for high-power low-noise sources SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE amplifier noise; brillouin scattering; noise; optical fiber amplifiers; brillouin scattering ID SCATTERING; FIBER AB A low-noise high-power source incorporating a polarization-maintaining erbium-brillouin fiber amplifier is presented. The output noise power is analyzed and a theoretical noise spectral density is determined. Shot-noise-limited performance is predicted and experimentally achieved within the 1-8-GHz-offset frequency range. The polarization extinction ratio was measured as 25 dB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strutz, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5652,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 13 IS 9 BP 936 EP 938 DI 10.1109/68.942652 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 466KA UT WOS:000170643700008 ER PT J AU Sarma, A Tufts, DW AF Sarma, A Tufts, DW TI Robust adaptive threshold for control of false alarms SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adaptive detection; constant false-alarm rate (CFAR); nonparametric tolerance regions ID CFAR AB The thresholding of univariate test statistics for signal detection is considered for the case in which the pertinent probability distributions are not known but some training data is available. A distribution-free method for setting the threshold is derived. This threshold value maintains the average probability of false alarm (Pfa) at a fixed level and can be applied to noise/clutter data from any underlying probability distribution. Detection and false alarm performance are evaluated for the case in which the true, underlying univariate probability density is exponential for both noise and signal-plus-noise data. Performance is compared to the best adaptive detector, which is invariant to the exponential parameter governing the noise distribution, as well as the bounding case in which the exponential parameter is completely known. For this case, it is shown that the cost for a robust design is a small loss in the average probability of detection for a fixed average probability of false alarm. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 9 BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1109/97.948451 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 472LL UT WOS:000170985500005 ER PT J AU Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Sasao, T Butler, JT TI Worst and best irredundant sum-of-products expressions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE logic minimization; complete sum-of-products expressions; irredundant sum-of-products; multiple-output functions; heuristic minimization; prime implicants; symmetric functions; minimum sum-of-products expressions; worst sum-of-products expressions; graph enumeration; minimally strongly connected digraphs ID LOGIC MINIMIZATION; OPTIMIZATION AB In an irredundant sum-of-products expression (ISOP), each product is a prime implicant (PI) and no product can be deleted without changing the function. Among the ISOPs for some function f, a worst ISOP (WSOP) is an ISOP with the largest number of Pis and a minimum ISOP (MSOP) is one with the smallest number. We show a class of functions for which the Minato-Morreale ISOP algorithm produces WSOPs. Since the ratio of the size of the WSOP to the size of the MSOP is arbitrarily large when n, the number of variables, is unbounded, the Minato-Morreale algorithm can produce results that are very far from minimum. We present a class of multiple-output functions whose WSOP size is also much larger than its MSOP size. For a set of benchmark functions, we show the distribution of ISOPs to the number of Pis. Among this set are functions where the MSOPs have almost as many Pls as do the WSOPs. These functions are known to be easy to minimize. Also, there are benchmark functions where the fraction of ISOPs that are MSOPs is small and MSOPs have many fewer Pis than the WSOPs. Such functions are known to be hard to minimize. For one class of functions, we show that the fraction of ISOPs that are MSOPs approaches 0 as n approaches infinity, suggesting that such functions are hard to minimize. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820, Japan. EM sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp; butler@cs.nps.navy.mil RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 50 IS 9 BP 935 EP 948 DI 10.1109/12.954508 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 474EB UT WOS:000171091700006 ER PT J AU Pinzon, JE Pierce, JF Tucker, CJ Brown, ME AF Pinzon, JE Pierce, JF Tucker, CJ Brown, ME TI Evaluating coherence of natural images by smoothness membership in Besov spaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; smoothness of image; wavelets ID AVHRR DATA SETS; DIGITAL IMAGES; COMPRESSION; LAND; DECOMPOSITION; ALGORITHMS; VEGETATION; VARIOGRAMS; SIGNAL; DESERT AB Smoothness membership in Besov spaces B-q(alpha) (I) is used to compare the spatial coherence of satellite images. Smoothness is given by a complexity index computed as the rate of decay of the approximation error epsilon (M) when the image is approximated by its M-largest quantized wavelet coefficient. The technique was applied to a set of nine normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series data as a quantitative quality measure of spatial coherence. The NDVI data set comprises different compositing and atmospheric correction techniques. The estimates of the complexity index give a quantitative measure of the performance of these techniques that agrees well with visual evaluation and with the physics of the image collection process. We demonstrate the maximum value NDVI composites with Rayleigh, ozone, and water vapor correction consistently provide the highest spatial coherence among the compositing and atmospheric correction techniques evaluated. We also show the complexity index is regionally dependent and is higher in dry periods than in wet periods where residual cloud interference is more likely to appear. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pinzon, JE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pinzon@negev.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010; Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013 OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1879 EP 1889 DI 10.1109/36.951078 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 473ZV UT WOS:000171080600006 ER PT J AU Holland, TK AF Holland, TK TI Application of the linear dispersion relation with respect to depth inversion and remotely sensed imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear wave propagation; optical imaging; phase estimation; surface waves ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; 0.005-0.05 HZ MOTIONS; MARINE RADAR IMAGES; NATURAL BEACH; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; SEA-FLOOR; BATHYMETRY; PROPAGATION; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Remote sensing methods have been developed to estimate bathymetry through the use of a theoretical relationship between wave speed and water depth known as the linear, finite depth, dispersion equation for surface gravity waves. We describe a validation effort encompassing several hundred observations of wavenumber magnitude for sea-swell frequencies obtained over a wide variety of conditions to investigate possible error sources resulting from the practical application of this relationship. These wavenumber estimates were computed from pressure gauge signals using signal processing algorithms that can be equivalently applied to measurements of wave phase as imaged through remote sensors. The major goal was to determine the accuracy of the dispersion relation while attempting to minimize errors associated with sensor positioning, tidal variations, and Doppler shifts due to mean currents. For water depths outside the surf zone, the linear dispersion relation is highly accurate, with average depth estimation errors on the order of 3-9% of the observed depth. In shallower regions, nominally less than 4 in for this field site, where wave breaking is evident and nonlinear shoaling effects are more pronounced, normalized depth errors of over 50% were commonly observed with most predictions being deeper than observations. Strong correlation between these bias errors and measured wave heights emphasizes the importance of accounting for wave amplitude in the calculation of shallow water phase speeds for depth estimation. A simple depth correction is provided to allow for bathymetry estimation within the surf zone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, TK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2060 EP 2072 DI 10.1109/36.951097 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 473ZV UT WOS:000171080600024 ER PT J AU Mohammed, OA Calvert, T McConnell, R AF Mohammed, OA Calvert, T McConnell, R TI Coupled magnetoelastic finite element formulation including anisotropic reluctivity tensor and magnetostriction effects for machinery applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC) CY JUN 04-07, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP IEEE DE coupled problems; force calculations; magnetoelastic models; magnetostriction; material modeling AB This paper presents a generalized 2-D tensor finite element model, which can be used to evaluate force components in electromagnetic devices including those due to the magnetostrictive phenomenon. Magnetostriction is a property of ferrous alloys in which the material will exhibit strain in the presence of magnetic field. This strain is in addition to any other strains that might exist as a result of electrical and/or mechanical forces. At low frequencies, magnetostrictive forces are undesirable. These forces can be large and generate acoustic noise in electromagnetic systems. Implementation results on a 2-hp, permanent magnet motor show that magnetostrictive forces are significant and amount to more than 50% force level increase above electromechanical force levels obtained without accounting for magnetostriction. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Machinery R&D Directorate, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Mohammed, OA (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RI Mohammed, Osama/L-7113-2015 OI Mohammed, Osama/0000-0002-2586-4046 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 3388 EP 3392 DI 10.1109/20.952620 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 478BA UT WOS:000171322000070 ER PT J AU Bouji, M Arkadan, AA Ericsen, T AF Bouji, M Arkadan, AA Ericsen, T TI Fuzzy inference system for the characterization of SRM drives under normal and fault conditions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC) CY JUN 04-07, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP IEEE DE fault analysis; fuzzy inference systems; SRM drives ID PERFORMANCE PREDICTION; RELUCTANCE AB A fuzzy inference system Is used to characterize switched reluctance motor, SRM, drive systems under normal and fault operating conditions. The Fuzzy Logic (FL),is applied for its ability to be very suitable for problems with large uncertainty. Knowledge about the system Is accumulated using coupled Finite-Element (FE) magnetic field and state space (SS) models. The validity of the FL based model is demonstrated by applying it to a prototype SRM drive system. C1 Marquette Univ, Dept EECE, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Bouji, M (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept EECE, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 3745 EP 3748 DI 10.1109/20.952704 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 478BA UT WOS:000171322000154 ER PT J AU Holmes, JJ AF Holmes, JJ TI Theoretical development of laboratory techniques for magnetic measurement of large objects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC) CY JUN 04-07, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP IEEE DE boundary conditions; gradiometers; magnetic calibration facility; prolate spheroidal moments AB Equations that relate magnetic gradiometric measurements over a closed surface to the prolate spheroidal multipole moments of an object can be used to remove the uniform inducing field of a magnetic calibration facility's coil system, along with the Earth's background field, from the signature of a large test object without requiring it to be moved. This paper presents an example that shows how the equations can be used to determine the optimum number, orientation, and position of gradiometers for accurate extrapolation of the object's field signatures. In addition, it gives generalized boundary conditions that guarantee unique extrapolations of magnetic field, up to an additive constant, from a closed measurement surface instrumented only with gradiometers. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Holmes, JJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 3790 EP 3797 DI 10.1109/20.952746 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 478BB UT WOS:000171322100003 ER PT J AU Rogers, WO Baird, JK Kumar, A Tine, JA Weiss, W Aguiar, JC Gowda, K Gwadz, R Kumar, S Gold, M Hoffman, SL AF Rogers, WO Baird, JK Kumar, A Tine, JA Weiss, W Aguiar, JC Gowda, K Gwadz, R Kumar, S Gold, M Hoffman, SL TI Multistage multiantigen heterologous prime boost vaccine for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria provides partial protection in rhesus macaques SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA VACCINE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; AOTUS MONKEYS; PLASMID DNA; IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A nonhuman primate model for malaria vaccine development allowing reliable, stringent sporozoite challenge and evaluation of both cellular and antibody responses is needed. We therefore constructed a multicomponent, multistage DNA vaccine for the simian malaria species Plasmodium knowlesi including two preerythrocytic-stage antigens, the circumsporozoite protein (PkCSP) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (PkSSP2), and two blood stage antigens, apical merozoite antigen I (PkAMA1) and merozoite surface protein I (PkMSP1p42), as well as recombinant canarypox viruses encoding the four antigens (ALVAC-4). The DNA vaccine plasmids expressed the corresponding antigens in vitro and induced antiparasite antibodies in mice. Groups of four rhesus monkeys received three doses of a mixture of the four DNA vaccine plasmids and a plasmid encoding rhesus granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, followed by boosting with a single dose of ALVAC-4. Three groups received the priming DNA doses by different routes, either by intramuscular needle injection, by intramuscular injection with a needleless injection device, the Biojector, or by a combination of intramuscular and intradermal routes by Biojector. Animals immunized by any route developed antibody responses against sporozoites and infected erythrocytes and against a recombinant PkCSP protein, as well as gamma interferon-secreting T-cell responses against peptides from PkCSP. Following challenge with 100 P. knowlesi sporozoites, 1 of 12 experimental monkeys was completely protected and the mean parasitemia in the remaining monkeys was significantly lower than that in 4 control monkeys. This model will be important in preclinical vaccine development. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Rogers, WO (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5565 EP 5572 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5565-5572.2001 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 464PB UT WOS:000170540000043 PM 11500430 ER PT J AU Chen, HC Liu, TJ Huang, ET AF Chen, HC Liu, TJ Huang, ET TI Calculations of nonlinear free surface flows around submerged and floating sea caches SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2000) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engn DE nonlinear free surface; flows; submerged; floating; sea caches ID SHIP C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA USA. RP Chen, HC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1053-5381 J9 INT J OFFSHORE POLAR JI Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 470PP UT WOS:000170880600005 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP TI Building components by laser-additive processing SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 53 IS 9 BP 29 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0065-0 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 470LE UT WOS:000170872800006 ER PT J AU Heller, M Niewoehner, RJ Lawson, KP AF Heller, M Niewoehner, RJ Lawson, KP TI F/A-18E/F Super Hornet high-angle-of-attack control law development and testing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet completed the high-angle-of-attack (HiAOA) flight test program in the spring of 1999 as part of the airplane's three-year engineering and manufacturing development flight-test effort. Building on the success of F/A-18 Hornets serving world-wide, the design of the much larger Super Hornet sought to improve on the original Hornet's positive attributes and correct those characteristics where 20 years of experience indicated room for improvement. Beginning with the design history and objectives, details of the HiAOA flight control law development and testing are presented, concentrating on those aspects where particular challenges were faced. Successes and failures of the initial design are specifically covered, as well as the refinements necessary to achieve fully the program's design goals. C1 Boeing Co, FA 18 EF Program, Wildwood, MO 63040 USA. USN Acad, FA 18 EF Integrated Test Team, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Heller, M (reprint author), Boeing Co, FA 18 EF Program, Wildwood, MO 63040 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 5 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.2514/2.2869 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 481NQ UT WOS:000171526200008 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI A house dividing: Economic development in Pennsylvania and Virginia before the Civil War. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 88 IS 2 BP 647 EP 648 DI 10.2307/2675148 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 470QK UT WOS:000170882500056 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Ewart, L Powers, J Li, JF AF Viehland, D Ewart, L Powers, J Li, JF TI Stress dependence of the electromechanical properties of < 001 >-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 crystals: Performance advantages and limitations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB The electromechanical properties of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) < 001 > -oriented crystals have been investigated under unaxial stress (sigma). The results demonstrate enhanced piezoelectric coefficients and electroacoustic power densities with increasing sigma. However, these increases are accompanied by significant increases in hysteretic losses. The results also demonstrate that the electromechanical coupling coefficient (similar to0.92) is relatively independent of sigma between 0 and 6x10(7) N/m(2). Future transducer designs can rely on piezocrystals offering a k(33) of 0.92, 10 dB more power, and low losses under operational conditions of sigma < 10(7) N/m(2) and 5 0.7). Some interesting results for short warning times are also discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Park, Sang-Young/F-5989-2013 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 5 BP 759 EP 764 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 482JQ UT WOS:000171573400014 ER PT J AU Osborne, MC Moran, AL AF Osborne, MC Moran, AL TI Stress pattern analysis by thermal emission of plain weave carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite Iosipescu specimens with three different notch angles SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE stress pattern analysis by thermal emission (SPATE); Iosipescu; woven composite; shear test ID SHEAR TEST; WOVEN AB Iosipescu specimens were developed to examine the shear properties of isotropic materials. In the past decade, there has been much effort made to analyze this specimen configuration for measuring anisotropic materials, particularly laminated and woven composites. Some authors have used notch angles ranging from 90 to 110 degrees in these materials and other authors have performed finite element analysis (PEA) to determine the notch angle and depth with the most uniform shear stress zone based on the elastic moduli. The object of this study was to verify the preferred angle of woven fiber composites through the use of stress pattern analysis by thermal emission (SPATE), which is a technique that can image the hydrostatic stress state in a material under load. SPATE images were collected for various specimens at different notch angles (90, 100, and 110 degrees) and different weave lay-ups. Mean load was held constant while the SPATE image was collected but later increased to examine the stress state of the losipescu specimens at high loads. The results indicate that for a plain woven carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite, the 100 degrees notched specimen is the best specimen of the three conditions examined due to the delay in occurrence of damage and the large size of the pure shear zone. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Osborne, MC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 474DM UT WOS:000171090100004 ER PT J AU Dupree, MT Kiteley, RA Weismantle, K Panos, R Johnstone, PAS AF Dupree, MT Kiteley, RA Weismantle, K Panos, R Johnstone, PAS TI Radiation therapy for Bowen's disease: Lessons for lesions of the lower extremity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOTHERAPY AB Objective: A retrospective outcomes review of radiotherapy for Bowen's disease was performed to analyze all patients treated with radiation therapy between 1993 and 1997 at the Naval Medical Center, San Diego. Methods: Eleven patients with 16 lesions were treated with a median time-dose-fractionation value of 105 (range, 93-108). Results: All 11 patients were without evidence of disease within I to 2 months of completing treatment. Four of the 16 lesions (25%) were unhealed at time of last follow-up; the remainder healed with good cosmetic result. All unhealed lesions were on the lower extremity Median follow-up was 27.5 months (range, 9-57 months). Conclusion: Radiation remains a good therapeutic option in selected patients with Bowen's disease, but caution should be exercised before selection of patients with lesions in potentially poor healing areas, such as the lower extremity. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Radiol Oncol Dept,Radiat Oncol Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Radiol Oncol Dept,Radiat Oncol Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 14, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM pajohnstone@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 45 IS 3 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.116581 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 468TC UT WOS:000170773400008 PM 11511838 ER PT J AU Pert, E Carmel, Y Birnboim, A Olorunyolemi, T Gershon, D Calame, J Lloyd, IK Wilson, OC AF Pert, E Carmel, Y Birnboim, A Olorunyolemi, T Gershon, D Calame, J Lloyd, IK Wilson, OC TI Temperature measurements during microwave processing: The significance of thermocouple effects SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE AB Reliable and accurate temperature measurement during microwave processing of ceramic bodies is controversial. Although thermocouples are routinely used in conventional thermal furnaces, their presence in microwave furnaces can locally distort the electromagnetic field, conduct heat away from the sample, induce thermal instabilities and microwave breakdown, and lead to serious measurement errors. These thermocouple effects have been studied and found to be more pronounced in low- and medium-loss ceramic materials. To decrease the thermocouple effects during the processing of advanced ceramic materials, an optical, noncontact temperature sensing system has been developed, calibrated, and incorporated into a computer-controlled microwave furnace. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pert, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 21 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1981 EP 1986 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 472BF UT WOS:000170962600010 ER PT J AU Koul, MG Scully, JR AF Koul, MG Scully, JR TI Hydrogen desorption mechanisms in metastable beta Ti-3 Al-8 V-6 Cr-4 Mo-4 Zr SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM; ALLOYS; TI-3AL-8V-6CR-4MO-4ZR; DIFFUSION; TIO2 AB The mechanisms by which hydrogen desorbs from Ti-3 AI-8 V-6 Cr-4 Mo-4 Zr in the presence of a native oxide film under vacuum were examined over a range of temperatures using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydrogen release was extremely limited and not measured below 260 degreesC due to the thermal stability of the surface oxide. XPS experiments indicate that hydrogen release is not observed in vacuum until after the oxide film is completely dissolved. However, in the temperature range 325-490 degreesC, TDS measurements indicate that hydrogen desorption is bulk diffusion controlled with a high desorption activation energy (135-144 kJ/mol). XPS measurements in conjunction with H desorption measurements indicate a slow, but measurable desorption rate following oxide dissolution, with the presence of a high relative O content (25-50 atom %) at the metallic surface. H desorption is rationalized to be diffusion-Limited by an O-enriched Ti surface layer at these temperatures. Surface recombination controlled desorption was observed by TDS at temperatures exceeding 490 degreesC. XPS. results indicate that the transition from diffusion control to surface recombination control (and an increased desorption rate) is likely coincident with a reduction of the relative surface O content in the alloy to below 25 atom %. Qualitative desorption simulation results indicate agreement with a model that includes H egress by diffusion and surface recombination coupled in series. However, quantitative agreement cannot be obtained without accounting for the effect of the O-enriched surface layer on bulk H diffusion parameters. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Koul, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 148 IS 9 BP B368 EP B375 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 469KL UT WOS:000170813000019 ER PT J AU Cheong, HD Jeong, YH Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Park, YD Bennett, BR Jonker, BT AF Cheong, HD Jeong, YH Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Park, YD Bennett, BR Jonker, BT TI Electrical spin injection in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well LEDs SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superlattices Microstructures and Microdevices 2000 CY SEP 25-27, 2000 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; INTERFACE; DEVICE; GAAS AB We have studied the electroluminescence spectra resulting from spin injection in several ZnMnSe/AlGaAs(n)/GaAs/AlGaAs(p) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) as a function of magnetic field and temperature in the Faraday geometry. The top ZnMnSe layer through which electrons are injected into the GaAs well acts as a spin aligner due to its large conduction band spin splitting. Electrons leave the ZnMnSe layer predominantly in the m(s) = -1/2 spin state; the heavy holes which participate in the elh, transition are injected into the GaAs well from the substrate with equal numbers in the m(s) = +3/2 and m(s) = -3/2 spin states. As a result, the emitted electroluminescence associated with the e(1)h(1) exciton is strongly circularly polarized. The maximum value of the optical polarization P at T = 4.2 K is 0.5 which corresponds to 75% of the injected electrons in the m(s) = -1/2 state. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheong, HD (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 568 EP 571 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 473FK UT WOS:000171029700036 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Sur, RL Roberts, JL Amling, CL AF Borboroglu, PG Sur, RL Roberts, JL Amling, CL TI Repeat biopsy strategy in patients with atypical small acinar proliferation or high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on initial prostate needle biopsy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; biopsy; prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ID CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP; ADENOCARCINOMA; CANCER; MEN; MALIGNANCY; SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA AB Purpose: Isolated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation on prostate biopsy increases the risk of identifying cancer on repeat biopsy. We report the results of repeat prostate biopsy for high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation, and propose an optimal repeat biopsy strategy. Materials and Methods: Of 1,391 men who underwent standard systematic sextant biopsy of the prostate 137 (9.8%) had isolated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation, including 100 who underwent repeat prostate biopsy within 12 months of the initial biopsy. Results: Adenocarcinoma was detected in 47 of the 100 patients who underwent repeat biopsy. The initial biopsy site of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation matched the sextant location of cancer on repeat biopsy in 22 cases (47%). Repeat biopsy directed only to the high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation site on initial biopsy would have missed 53% of cancer cases. In 12 of the 47 men (26%) cancer was limited to the side of the prostate contralateral to the side of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation. Of the 31 patients with cancer in whom the transition zone was sampled cancer was limited to the transition zone in 4 (13%) and evident at other biopsy sites in 13 (42%). The only significant predictor of positive repeat biopsy was mean prostate specific antigen velocity plus or minus standard error (1.37 +/- 1.4 versus 0.52 +/- 0.8 ng./ml. per year, p <0.001). Conclusions: Patients with isolated high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation on prostate biopsy are at 47% risk for cancer on repeat biopsy. The optimal repeat biopsy strategy in this setting should include bilateral biopsies of the standard sextant locations. We also strongly recommend that transition zone sampling should be considered. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Borboroglu, PG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 24 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 3 BP 866 EP 870 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65853-3 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 463AA UT WOS:000170453600017 PM 11490235 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS Callahan, JH McGill, RA Houser, EJ Chrisey, DB Papantonakis, MR Haglund, RF Galicia, MC Vertes, A AF Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS Callahan, JH McGill, RA Houser, EJ Chrisey, DB Papantonakis, MR Haglund, RF Galicia, MC Vertes, A TI Resonant infrared pulsed-laser deposition of polymer films using a free-electron laser SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; THIN-FILM; ABLATION; METHACRYLATE); DESORPTION; IONIZATION; ABSORPTION; SURFACES AB Thin films of polyethylene glycol (MW 1500) have been prepared by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) using both a tunable infrared (lambda =2.9 mum, 3.4 mum) and an ultraviolet laser (lambda =193 nm). A comparison of the physicochemical properties of the films by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization shows that when the IR laser is tuned to a resonant absorption in the polymer, the IR PLD thin films are identical to the starting material, whereas the UV PLD show significant structural modification. These results are important for several biomedical applications of organic and polymeric thin films. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Electron Laser Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM bubbdani@shu.edu RI Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008; Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 OI Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352; NR 38 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5 BP 2698 EP 2702 DI 10.1116/1.1387052 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 478YP UT WOS:000171376700101 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE AF Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE TI Temperature dependence of atomic scale morphology in Si homoepitaxy between 350 and 800 degrees C on Si (100) by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; STEP-FLOW GROWTH; SI(001) SURFACES; SILICON; ISLAND; MBE; STM AB The evolution of surface morphology from the deposition of Si at 1.0 Angstrom /s on Si (100) at temperatures between 350 and 800 degreesC by molecular beam epitaxy is observed using scanning tunneling microscopy. The deposition rate and growth temperatures investigated were chosen for their relevance to device fabrication. We observe the transition in growth mode from step flow to two-dimensional islands, the properties of step edges, and the appearance of defects as a function of growth temperature during homoepitaxy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5 BP 2307 EP 2311 DI 10.1116/1.1384559 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 478YP UT WOS:000171376700042 ER PT J AU Mehta, RL McDonald, B Gabbai, FB Pahl, M Pascual, MTA Farkas, A Kaplan, RM AF Mehta, RL McDonald, B Gabbai, FB Pahl, M Pascual, MTA Farkas, A Kaplan, RM CA Collaborative Grp Treatment ARF IC TI A randomized clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE hemodialysis; dialysis modalities; CAPD; continuous hemodiafiltration; renal replacement therapy; intensive care ID CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; HEMODIALYSIS; REPLACEMENT; HEMODIAFILTRATION; MULTICENTER; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; UPDATE AB Background. Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring dialysis in critically ill patients is associated with an in-hospital mortality rate of 50 to 80%. The worldwide standard for renal replacement therapy is intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). Continuous hemodialysis and hemofiltration techniques have recently emerged as alternative modalities. These two therapies have not been directly compared. Methods. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial was conducted comparing two dialysis modalities (IHD vs. continuous hemodiafiltration) for the treatment of ARF in the intensive care unit (ICU). One hundred sixty-six patients were randomized. Principal outcome measures were ICU and hospital mortality, length of stay, and recovery of renal function. Results. Using intention-to-treat analysis, the overall ICU and in-hospital mortalities were 50.6 and 56.6%, respectively. Continuous therapy was associated with an increase in ICU (59.5 vs. 41.5%, P < 0.02) and in-hospital (65.5 vs. 47.6%, P < 0.02) mortality relative to intermittent dialysis. Median ICU length of stay from the time of nephrology consultation was 16.5 days, and complete recovery of renal function was observed in 34.9% of patients, with no significant group differences. Despite randomization, there were significant differences between the groups in several covariates independently associated with mortality, including gender, hepatic failure, APACHE Il and III scores, and the number of failed organ systems, in each instance biased in favor of the intermittent dialysis group. Using logistic regression to adjust for the imbalances in group assignment, the odds of death associated with continuous therapy was 1.3 (95% Cl, 0.6 to 2.7, P = NS). A detailed investigation of the randomization process failed to explain the marked differences in patient assignment. Conclusions. A randomized controlled trial of alternative dialysis modalities in ARF is feasible. Despite the potential advantages of continuous techniques, this study provides no evidence of a survival benefit of continuous hemodiafiltration compared with IHD. This study did not control for other major clinical decisions or other supportive management strategies that are widely variable (for example, nutrition support, hemodynamic support, timing of initiation, and dose of dialysis) and might materially influence outcomes in ARF. Standardization of several aspects of care or extremely large sample sizes will be required to answer optimally the questions originally posed by this investigation. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Mehta, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, 200 W Arbor Dr 8342, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS06466] NR 23 TC 328 Z9 355 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1154 EP 1163 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031154.x PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 466WA UT WOS:000170668100035 PM 11532112 ER PT J AU Osburn, CL Zagarese, HE Morris, DP Hargreaves, BR Cravero, WE AF Osburn, CL Zagarese, HE Morris, DP Hargreaves, BR Cravero, WE TI Calculation of spectral weighting functions for the solar photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in temperate lakes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PHOTOCHEMICAL MINERALIZATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; INORGANIC CARBON; NATURAL-WATERS; PHOTODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; PHOTOREACTIONS; INHIBITION AB The effect of solar radiation on the dissolved absorption coefficient (a(CDOM)[lambda]), which reflects the concentration of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), was investigated in several lakes near Bariloche, Argentina and in northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Samples of 0.2 mum filtered lake water were exposed in quartz tubes to different portions of the solar spectrum using optical cutoff filters to remove parts of the ultraviolet (UV) region of the solar spectrum. Changes in the spectral absorption in these samples and the absorbed incident energy were used to calculate spectral weighting functions (SWFs) for the photobleaching (PB) of CDOM. PB was measured as the loss of a(CDOM)(lambda) (the a(CDOM)[lambda] was averaged from 280 to 500 nm) per unit absorbed energy. CDOM from humic and clear lakes, as well as from a Sphagnum bog and an algal culture, was used in the experiments covering a wide range of carbon sources, We used an iterative, nonlinear optimization method to fit the measured results to a simple exponential function in order to generate each SWF. Comparing individual SWFs calculated for various CDOM sources, we computed a summary SWF from the experiments using epilimnial CDOM from our study lakes. Our summary SWF was able to explain 80-90% of the observed variance in our exposure experiments, and we were able to predict PB results obtained for other Argentine lakes (mean error 14.5%). Finally, we calculated that the effect of UV-B radiation on PB was small (< 20% of total decrease in the absorption coefficient) compared to U-VA and blue light radiation. This suggested that increased UV-B radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion would not greatly increase the photobleaching of whole water column CDOM in Patagonian lakes (< 10%). C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Fis, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. RP Osburn, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1467 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 466PA UT WOS:000170652900019 ER PT J AU Millick, SS AF Millick, SS TI Design considerations for oceanographic research vessels SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As the oceanographic research vessel community prepares for updating its fleet of research vessels, they must consider vessel designs that improve the capability of the fleet to support science in the near and long-term. Advances in informational technologies have changed the "instruments" of science and resulted in the ability to study ocean processes in smaller time and space scales than before. While, networked structures on the ocean floor, remote sensing, and autonomous vehicles will allow oceanographers to synoptically measure the environment, skips will remain the "host-platforms" for such research. However, deployment and recovery of such systems, requires that future designs incorporate capabilities for increased speed, seakeeping, acoustic quietness, efficient power management systems, and lifecycle considerations. Consideration of such issues in the design phases will allow for the development of a technologically advanced ship that can serve the research community in the near and long-term. A major aspect of oceanography through the decades has been the availability of research vessels for science. However, the access to and the capability of such vessels under the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System, (UNOLS) must not be taken for granted. Changes in the oceanographer's ability to make measurements at smaller and smaller sampling scales are brought on by advents in computational and information technologies. These changes necessitate that the researcher's "host-platform" evolves to handle these new observing systems. Mis evolution can include, but is not limited to speed, seakeeping, efficient skip power arrangements, and acoustic quietness. While each subject can be the focus of detailed individual papers, this article presents a general discussion on four elements of oceanographic research vessel design-hull concepts, power systems, acoustics, and life cycle management. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Millick, SS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 491WX UT WOS:000172134000003 ER PT J AU Cheung, KKW AF Cheung, KKW TI A review of ensemble forecasting techniques with a focus on tropical cyclone forecasting SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERATING INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; BRED MODES; BAROTROPIC MODEL; RANGE; SKILL; APPROPRIATENESS; PRECIPITATION; MOTION AB This paper presents a general review of ensemble forecasting techniques, with a focus on short-range and tropical cyclone predictions. The basic ideas and terminology of ensemble forecasting are introduced, and using four measures to evaluate an ensemble (ensemble mean forecast, consistency, spread versus skill, and inclusiveness), various potential utilities (e.g. dynamical probabilistic forecasts) are illustrated. Since the perturbation methodologies designed for medium-range forecasts of midlatitude synoptic-scale systems - singular vectors, bred modes, and so on - are already quite mature, they are only briefly described here. The general problems encountered in applying ensemble forecasting techniques to short-range and tropical cyclone forecasts are diagnosed, and some recent studies on these topics reviewed. In general, the perturbation methodologies used for short-range ensembles to date can have a skill comparable to or slightly higher than their corresponding high-resolution control forecast. However, the complicated problem of the relationship between initial condition errors and model deficiencies persists. A similar situation also applies to ensembles designed for tropical cyclone forecasting. An additional difficulty is the different error characteristics encountered in the tropics, mainly the result of the strong convection in the area and the mutual interaction with the ocean. Studies from several research groups use quite different perturbation methodologies, but the results are encouraging. Most of them performed ensemble forecasting of tropical cyclone motion, but extensions to tropical cyclone intensity forecasts are also being developed. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 99 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 315 EP 332 DI 10.1017/S1350482701003073 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 483ZH UT WOS:000171665400007 ER PT J AU Olsen, JC AF Olsen, JC TI Pacific movement in the Pacific: Response SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, MC, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Olsen, JC (reprint author), USN, MC, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP VI EP VII PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400003 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Polyak, CS Kolavic, SA Brokaw, JK Birkmire, SE Valcik, JA AF Sanchez, JL Polyak, CS Kolavic, SA Brokaw, JK Birkmire, SE Valcik, JA TI Investigation of a cluster of Legionella pneumophila infections among staff at a federal research facility SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; WATER AB An epidemiologic investigation was conducted in response to a case of Legionella pneumonia in a scientist working at a federal research facility. A survey of 80 individuals working at the facility revealed that 13 (16%) had sustained prior infections with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lps1) as measured by anti-Lps1 antibodies. Antibody-positive individuals' offices clustered around an air cooling tower and a heating, ventilation, and air conditioner unit (odds ratio = 5). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals of non-white race (adjusted odds ratio = 8) and smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 36) were also found to be at higher risk of past infection. Marked Legionella growth was noted in the cooling tower's water reservoir and potable hot water system, where suboptimal operating temperatures were noted. Subsequent increase in the hot water temperatures as well as a complete renovation of the affected building's air handling and potable water systems led to a reduction in Legionella species colonization. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Epidemiol Serv, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevetn Med, Water Supply Management Programs, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment Lima, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP 753 EP 758 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400008 PM 11569435 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Schultz, RG Gackstetter, GD McKeehan, JA Aldridge, KV Hudspeth, MK Malasig, MD Fuller, JM McBride, WZ AF Gray, GC Schultz, RG Gackstetter, GD McKeehan, JA Aldridge, KV Hudspeth, MK Malasig, MD Fuller, JM McBride, WZ TI Prospective study of respiratory infections at the US Naval Academy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; MARINE-CORPS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; MILITARY TRAINEES; PENICILLIN-G; DISEASE; ADENOVIRUS; PROPHYLAXIS; BENZATHINE; EPIDEMICS AB Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy have recently suffered epidemics of upper respiratory tract infections. Seeking to determine cause, in June 1998 we enrolled 1,243 (99.5%) of 1,249 new midshipmen (plebes) and followed them during their first 11 months of training. Eighty-five plebes sought medical attention for acute respiratory disease. Using culture, serologic studies, and polymerase chain reaction, considerable evidence for respiratory pathogen infection was found among the ill subjects: Chlamydia pneumoniae in 41 (52.6%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 19 (25.3%), influenza in 11 (14.2%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 6 (7.3%), and adenovirus in 1 (1.2%). Additionally, 873 (81%) the 1,077 plebes who completed an end-of-year questionnaire complained of having one or more respiratory symptoms (>12 hours) during their first year of school. Of these, 132 (15%) reported that the symptoms significantly affected their performance. Study results suggest that respiratory infections were frequent, had a significant adverse impact on training, and were often attributable to bacterial pathogens. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Clin, Annapolis, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP 759 EP 763 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400009 PM 11569436 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Booth-Kewlpy, S Merrill, LL Stander, VA AF Larson, GE Booth-Kewlpy, S Merrill, LL Stander, VA TI Physical symptoms as indicators of depression and anxiety SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Military-Testing-Association CY NOV, 2000 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Military Testing Assoc ID HEALTH AB Psychological problems are the single most common reason for attrition from U.S. Navy basic training. A contributing factor is that, although military entrance processing station physicians assess numerous aspects of physical health, there is little rigor behind attempts to identify psychological disorders. In the present study, we highlight previous research indicating that patterns of physical health symptoms can provide a gauge of psychological dysfunction. We also report significant relationships between physical symptoms, anxiety, and depression in a sample of more than 2,000 sailors. Therefore, given the links between physical symptoms and psychological problems, it may be feasible for physicians who screen military applicants to use routinely gathered physical health information as part of an improved system to detect psychological disorders. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 166 IS 9 BP 796 EP 799 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DF UT WOS:000181419400017 PM 11569444 ER PT J AU Olling, RP Merrifield, MR AF Olling, RP Merrifield, MR TI Luminous and dark matter in the Milky Way SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : fundamental parameters; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; solar neighbourhood; Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure ID SURFACE MASS DENSITY; SPACELAB INFRARED TELESCOPE; SPIRAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC DISK; H-I; ROTATION CURVES; STAR COUNTS; SOLAR CIRCLE; HALO; SHAPE AB Axisymmetric models of the Milky Way exhibit strong interrelations between the Galactic constants [the Sun's distance to the Galactic Centre (Ro), and the local rotation speed (Theta (o))], the local stellar column density [Sigma (*)(R-o)] and the shortest-to-longest axis ratio of the dark matter halo (q). In this paper we present simple analytical approximations that allow for an efficient search through the vastness of parameter space, and apply this approximation to investigate the consequences of the uncertain gaseous velocity dispersion (sigma (g)) on the constraints imposed by the thickness of the Milky Way's gas layer. The extra degree of freedom does not significantly alter the conclusions drawn in a previous paper on the shape of the Milky Way's dark matter halo. A significant contribution to the total gas pressure by cosmic rays and magnetic fields beyond the optical disc is thus ruled out. We find that the Milky Way's dark halo is close to spherical if R-o greater than or similar to 7.1 kpc, while a significantly flattened dark matter halo is possible only if our distance to the Galactic Centre is smaller than similar to6.8 kpc. Thus, if R-o is larger than similar to7 kpc, or Theta (o) greater than or similar to 170 km s(-1), we can rule out two dark matter candidates that require a highly flattened dark matter halo: (1) decaying massive neutrinos, and (2) a disc of cold molecular hydrogen. It is possible to construct a self-consistent axisymmetric model of the Galaxy based on the IAU-recommended values for the Galactic constants (R-o = 8.5 kpc, Theta (o) = 220 km s(-1)) only in the unlikely case that the effective gaseous velocity dispersion is similar to 19 per cent larger than observed, and if the local stellar column density is less than about 18 M-. pc(-2). If we assume that the halo is oblate and a value of Sigma (*) of 35 +/- 5 M-. pc(-2), we can rule out Galactic models with R-o greater than or similar to 8.0 kpc and Theta (o) greater than or similar to 200 km s(-1). Combining the best kinematical and star-count estimates of Sigma (*), we conclude that Sigma (*) probably lies between 25 and 45 M-. pc(-2). We find that Kuijken & Gilmore's determination of the column density of matter within 1.1 kpc of the plane is robust and valid over a wide range of Galactic constants. Our mass models show that, largely owing to the uncertainty in the Galactic light distribution, the dark matter density in the Galactic Centre is uncertain by up to three orders of magnitude. In the solar neighbourhood this uncertainty is much reduced: our models imply a dark matter density of some 0.42 GeV/c(2) per cubic centimetre, or (11 +/- 5) mM(.) pc(-3) - roughly 15 per cent of the total mass density. C1 USN Observ, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Olling, RP (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Navy, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM olling@usno.navy.mil; Michael.Merrifield@Nottingham.ac.uk OI Merrifield, Michael/0000-0002-4202-4727 NR 69 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 326 IS 1 BP 164 EP 180 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04581.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 473BK UT WOS:000171019300019 ER PT J AU Sargent, DP AF Sargent, DP TI The impact of recent tragic events and the society's role in methods and technologies development SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 113 IS 4 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HJ UT WOS:000179927500001 ER PT J AU Kruse, DK AF Kruse, DK TI State of the Art Fleet Support rescheduled; Combat Systems Symposium examines development and modernization; New SNAME President-Elect SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 113 IS 4 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HJ UT WOS:000179927500002 ER PT J AU Markle, SP Gill, SE AF Markle, SP Gill, SE TI T-AKE: Acquiring the environmentally sound ship of the 21(ST) century SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Department of Defense (DoD) program managers are increasingly challenged with the difficulties of balancing the risks associated with cost, schedule, and performance in an era of intense competition for increasingly scarce resources. Requirements associated with environmental, safety, and health (ESH), in the context of thirty to forty-year service lives, have not been consistently, or in some cases adequately, addressed in DoD programs. Environmental protection (EP) requirements generally do not fit the normal requirements generation and product synthesis model typically applied to weapon system development. As with all requirements, early identification is the key to integration into the total system. Recognition that EP requirements must be integrated at program conception led to development of the ESH Integration Model by the U.S. Navy Lewis and Clark (T-AKE) Auxiliary Cargo Ammunition Ship Program. Institutionalization of this model has enabled the T-AKE Program to establish EP performance requirements for the twelve-ship class that substantially reduce the environmental footprint of the Navy. Compared to the fifteen ships that it will be replacing, T-AKE will require fifty percent less manning and reduce waste streams by seventy percent enabling an annual life cycle cost savings of $5M in ashore waste disposal costs. The T-AKE Program has been the first to achieve the Chief of Naval Operations vision for the "Environmentally Sound Warship of the 21st Century" through design integration of EP requirements. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Lewis & Clark TAKE Class Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Markle, SP (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Lewis & Clark TAKE Class Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 113 IS 4 BP 23 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00087.x PG 29 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HJ UT WOS:000179927500004 ER PT J AU Bergmann, HF AF Bergmann, HF TI The "Silent University": The Society to Encourage Studies at Home, 1873-1897 (Anna Eliot Ticknor's network of women teaching women by mail) SO NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bergmann, HF (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY INC PI BOSTON PA MESERVE HALL 243 NORTHEASTERN UNIV 360 HUNTINGTON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4866 J9 NEW ENGL QUART JI New Engl. Q.-Hist. Rev. New Engl. Life Lett. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 74 IS 3 BP 447 EP 477 DI 10.2307/3185427 PG 31 WC History; Literature, American SC History; Literature GA 479XB UT WOS:000171428100004 ER PT J AU Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, PL Miller, RW Ning, H Altemus, R AF Huston, AL Justus, BL Falkenstein, PL Miller, RW Ning, H Altemus, R TI Remote optical fiber dosimetry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on Advanced Topics in Radiation Dosimetry CY JUL 03-07, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP St Gobain Crystals & Detectors ID DOPED FUSED QUARTZ; RADIATION; ABSORPTION; SILICA; GLASS; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; BANDS; GAMMA AB Optical fibers offer a unique capability for remote monitoring of radiation in difficult-to-access and/or hazardous locations. Optical fiber sensors can be located in radiation hazardous areas and optically interrogated from a safe distance. A variety of remote optical fiber radiation dosimetry methods have been developed. All of the methods take advantage of some form of radiation-induced change in the optical properties of materials such as: radiation-induced darkening due to defect formation in glasses, luminescence from native defects or radiation-induced defects, or population of metastable charge trapping centers. Optical attenuation techniques are used to measure radiation-induced darkening in fibers. Luminescence techniques include the direct measurement of scintillation or optical excitation of radiation-induced luminescent defects. Optical fiber radiation dosimeters have also been constructed using charge trapping materials that exhibit thermoluminescence or optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NCI, DCT, Radiat Oncol Branch, Radiat Oncol Sci Program,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Huston, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Bldg A50,Code 5611,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2001 VL 184 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00713-3 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 478HN UT WOS:000171341100004 ER PT J AU Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Burke, EA Poivey, C AF Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Burke, EA Poivey, C TI Microdosimetry theory for microelectronics applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on Advanced Topics in Radiation Dosimetry CY JUL 03-07, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP St Gobain Crystals & Detectors DE microdosimetry; ionizing radiation; dose mean lineal energy; shot noise multiplier; microelectronics; optical imager; charge-coupled device (CCD); static RAM; hard error ID LINEAR-ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHARGE COLLECTION; DOSE FLUCTUATIONS; GATE OXIDES; MOS DEVICES; DEPOSITION; IONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SILICON; APPLICABILITY AB Although classical microdosimetry theory was originally intended for radiation biology applications, understanding the effect of ionizing radiations on small target volumes has become an important consideration in a number of research areas. In this paper we review the application of microdosimetry to radiation effects problems in microelectronics, with emphasis on large arrays of devices such as optical imagers and memories. A brief historical background of the evolution of microdosimetry theory for microelectronics is presented. An overview of some of the theory is given, with emphasis on compound Poisson process theory. An important consideration is how to evaluate the fundamental distributions that contribute to ionization fluctuations - the incident radiation linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum, the path lengths of primary charged particles in the microvolume. and the energy-loss straggling distribution. Methods of accomplishing this for microelectronics applications are discussed. The rapid evolution of microelectronics to smaller dimensions, larger arrays and new materials has presented challenges that have led to the development of approaches not found in classical microdosimetry. Two such developments are discussed. The first is a versatile and analytic approach for describing dose fluctuations induced by ions in microvolumes. It accounts for both ion (direct) events and electron (indirect) events, and is called the two component model. The second is the use of extreme value theory in conjunction with microdosimetry theory to assess the threshold dose at which a large array of devices begins to fail. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xapsos, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6818, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2001 VL 184 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00716-9 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 478HN UT WOS:000171341100007 ER PT J AU Mathur, VK AF Mathur, VK TI Ion storage dosimetry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on Advanced Topics in Radiation Dosimetry CY JUL 03-07, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP St Gobain Crystals & Detectors AB The availability of a reliable, accurate and cost-effective real-time personnel dosimetry system is fascinating to radiation workers. Electronic dosimeters are contemplated to meet this demand of active dosimetry. The development of direct ion storage (DIS) dosimeters. a member of the electronic dosimeter family, for personnel dosimetry is also an attempt in this direction. DIS dosimeter is a hybrid of the well-established technology of ion chambers and the latest advances in data storage using metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) analog memory device. This dosimeter is capable of monitoring legal occupational radiation doses of gamma, X-rays, beta and neutron radiation. Similar to an ion chamber. the performance of the dosimeter for a particular application can be optimized through the selection of appropriate wall materials. The use of the floating gate of a MOSFET as one of the electrodes of the ion chamber allows the miniaturization of the device to the size of a dosimetry badge and avoids the use of power supplies during dose accumulation. The concept of the device. underlying physics and the design of the DIS dosimeter are discussed. The results of preliminary testing of the device are also provided. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Radiat Technol Off, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Mathur, VK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Radiat Technol Off, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2001 VL 184 IS 1-2 BP 190 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00714-5 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 478HN UT WOS:000171341100010 ER PT J AU Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW AF Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW TI Radiation dosimetry using three-dimensional optical random access memories SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Summer School on Advanced Topics in Radiation Dosimetry CY JUL 03-07, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP St Gobain Crystals & Detectors ID IONS AB Three-dimensional optical random access memories (3D ORAMs) are a new generation of high-density data storage devices. Binary information is stored and retrieved via a light induced reversible transformation of an ensemble of bistable photochromic molecules embedded in a polymer matrix. This paper describes the application of 3D ORAM materials to radiation dosimetry. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally, that ionizing radiation in the form of heavy charged particles is capable of changing the information originally stored on the ORAM material. The magnitude and spatial distribution of these changes are used as a measure of the absorbed dose. particle type and energy. The effects of exposure on 3D ORAM materials have been investigated for a variety of particle types and energies, including protons. alpha particles and C-12 ions. The exposed materials are observed to fluoresce when exposed to laser light. The intensity and the depth of the fluorescence is dependent on the type and energy of the particle to which the materials were exposed. It is shown that these effects can be modeled using Monte Carlo calculations. The model provides a better understanding of the properties of these materials. which should prove useful for developing systems for charged particle and neutron dosimetry/detector applications. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moscovitch, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Med, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2001 VL 184 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00693-0 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 478HN UT WOS:000171341100011 PM 11863031 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power density optimization for an irreversible closed brayton cycle SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; HEAT-ENGINE; MAXIMUM POWER; GAS-TURBINE; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE; CARNOT ENGINE; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUT AB In this paper, the power density, defined as the ratio of power output to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, is taken as objective for performance optimization of an irreversible closed Brayton coupled to coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The analytical formulas about the relations between power density and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat and the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and turbine. The maximum power density optimization is performed by searching the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the optimum power density of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers for the fixed heat exchanger inventory. The influence of some design parameters on the optimum heat conductance distribution, the maximum power density. and the optimum pressure ratio corresponding to the maximum power density are provided. The power plant design with optimization leads to a higher efficiency and smaller size including the compressor, turbine, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan, Peoples R China. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 241 EP 260 DI 10.1023/A:1014073105663 PG 20 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 529VA UT WOS:000174319700002 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, LG Wu, C Guo, FZ AF Wu, F Chen, LG Wu, C Guo, FZ TI Optimization zone on the performance of a generalized irreversible magnetic Stirling cryocooler SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION AB Finite time thermodynamic performance of a generalized irreversible inagnetic Stirling cryacooler coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs has been analyzed in this paper. The relationship between the optimal cooling load and the coefficient of performance for the magnetic Stirling cryocooler is derived. The optimization zone on the performance of the cryocooler is obtained. The results obtained here will be useful for the further understanding and the selection of the optimal operating conditions for magnetic Stirling cooler. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Thermal Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1023/A:1014081323410 PG 11 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 529VA UT WOS:000174319700004 ER PT J AU Krebs, WK Scribner, DA McCarley, JS AF Krebs, WK Scribner, DA McCarley, JS TI Comparing behavioral receiver operating characteristic curves to multidimensional matched filters SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE signal detection theory; matched filter analysis; receiver operating characteristic; human performance modeling; target detection ID COLOR NIGHT-VISION; IMAGE FUSION; SCENE PERCEPTION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; CONTRAST AB Human factors experiments can be used to test whether a sensor can improve operator performance for detecting or recognizing a target.(1) Although human factors experiments are of tremendous value, these tests are time consuming and resource intensive. To reduce costs associated with collecting behavioral data, a two-dimensional matched filter is proposed. The objective is to compare and contrast behavioral and matched filter receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots to determine whether the matched filter technique is a good predictor of human performance. Five different background images (three infrared band images, a chromatic-fused image, and monochromatic-fused image) were used with, and without, a target (airplane) present. False alarm and target detection probabilities were computed and results were plotted on an ROC curve. The matched filter ROC curves were then compared to behavioral ROC curves. Results showed that the matched filter ROC curves were similar to behavioral ROC curves with color fusion, long-wave infrared showing the highest sensitivity, and mid-wave and short-wave infrared scenes were significantly less sensitive (near chance). These results indicate that the matched filter analysis may be used to model human behavior. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP FAA, 800 Independence Ave SW,AAR-100 Room 907, Washington, DC 20591 USA. EM william.krebs@faa.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1818 EP 1826 DI 10.1117/1.1397300 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 478XK UT WOS:000171373700011 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Mochena, M Lin-Chung, PJ AF Rajagopal, AK Mochena, M Lin-Chung, PJ TI Theory of ferromagnetism in (A, Mn)B semiconductors SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID (IN,MN)AS AB A brief review of theory of ferromagnetism of diluted magnetic semiconductors of the form (A, Mn) B based on the double-exchange model is first given. A systematic investigation of the phenomena extending the current theory is outlined. We begin with an investigation or regions of instability of the non-magnetic towards the ferromagnetic state of a system of Mn atoms doped in an AB-type semiconductor. A self-consistent many-body theory of the ferromagnetic state is then developed, going beyond the mean-field approaches by including fluctuations of the Mn spins and the itinerant hole gas. A functional theory suitable for computation of system properties such as the Curie temperature as a function or the hole and the Mn concentrations, the spin current, etc., is formulated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1167 EP 1174 DI 10.1080/13642810108205798 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 471BC UT WOS:000170906100026 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power density optimization for an irreversible regenerated closed Brayton cycle SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; HEAT-ENGINE; GAS-TURBINE; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUT AB In this paper, the power density, defined as the ratio of power output to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, is taken as objective for performance optimization of an irreversible regenerated closed Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The analytical formulae about the relations between power density and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and turbine, and the pressure drop loss in the piping. The maximum power density optimization is performed by searching the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the optimum power density among the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator for the fixed total heat exchanger inventory The influence of some design parameters, including the temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs, the total heat exchanger inventory, the efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine, and the pressure recovery coefficient, on the optimum heat conductance distribution and the maximum power density are provided. When the heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs are carried out ideally, the analytical results of this paper become those obtained in recent literature. The power plant design with optimization leads to smaller size including the compressor, turbine, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.064a00184 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 475HV UT WOS:000171158300002 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL AF Overfelt, PL TI Helical harmonies for static fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Helical harmonic solutions of Laplace's equation are derived using a right-handed nonorthogonal helical coordinate system and a modified separation of variables technique. Unlike the Cartesian or cylindrical coordinate systems, in the helical system, two different sets of solutions are admitted, one right handed and one left handed. Consequently, the helical harmonies are used to solve the boundary value problem of two nested helices with different radii set to different potential values. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 036603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.036603 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 474ZD UT WOS:000171136400085 PM 11580458 ER PT J AU Deng, Y AF Deng, Y TI Hegemon on the offensive: Chinese perspectives on US global strategy SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID COLD-WAR; GRAND STRATEGY; EAST-ASIA; AMERICA C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 93 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 116 IS 3 BP 343 EP 365 DI 10.2307/798020 PG 23 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 484EJ UT WOS:000171677000001 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Kelley, MC Walters, DL AF Chen, CY Kelley, MC Walters, DL TI Wavelet analysis of high-resolution temperature data with applications to radio wave scattering SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-AIR TURBULENCE; VHF RADAR; ASPECT SENSITIVITY; SPECULAR REFLECTION; MU RADAR; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; BACKSCATTERING; MESOSPHERE AB High-resolution balloon-borne temperature measurements have been made in the troposphere and stratosphere during late fall over the western plains of the United States. In one such experiment the data are of remarkable quality and quite suitable for investigating methods of separating organized and turbulent features from a geophysical data stream, exploring atmospheric dynamics, and estimating VHF radar backscatter. We are particularly interested in the mechanisms creating aspect sensitivity, i.e., a nonunity ratio of vertical to well off-vertical radar backscatter. We find that very steep positive vertical temperature gradients, as high as 40.0 K/km, can be supported. On the other hand, negative gradients are limited to values near the marginal stability boundary. The structures are thus anisotropic and similar to ramp cliff features found in other fluids. We use wavelet analysis to isolate the organized components of the signal and, after subtraction, the residual signal is investigated to determine its character. The Fourier transform of the residual is Kolmogorov in nature, unlike that of the original data stream, and yields C-n(2), the refractive index structure parameter, in good agreement with the higher-order structure function approach; this supports the success of our partition. We calculate the Fresnel reflection coefficient using the wavelet coefficients; the turbulent scatter is found using C-n(2). The ratio between the Fresnel scatter and the turbulent scatter, i.e., the aspect sensitivity, is similar to 10 decibels in the troposphere and over 20 decibels in the stratosphere, in agreement with published observations and supporting our assumption that the organized features have horizontal extent exceeding the Fresnel scale. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 905 EP 926 DI 10.1029/2000RS002363 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900008 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Thomas, RJ TI A technique for using measured ionospheric density gradients and GPS occultations for inferring the nighttime ionospheric electron density SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOPKINS ULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPE; COSMIC CONSTELLATION; NIGHTGLOW; SPECTROSCOPY; INSTRUMENT; AIRGLOW AB We present a technique for using the measured variations of ultraviolet emissions produced by radiative recombination at 911 or 1356 Angstrom in conjunction with occultations of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites observed from a low Earth-orbiting satellite to infer the two-dimensional structure of the nighttime ionosphere. We present the results of simulations that demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the algorithm and observational concept. Our technique uses UV nadir radiances to infer the electron density gradients and total electron content measurements at the limb from an onboard GPS receiver to infer the altitude versus latitude structure of the ionosphere. To test our technique, we simulated "data" in a region of high gradient using the international reference ionosphere (IRI-90; Bilitza [1990]) to generate the ionosphere. In the simulation the satellite was assumed to be in a polar orbit at 750 km, the proposed altitude for the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) satellites. We simulated the limb total electron content (TEC) and the nadir radiances and superimposed noise on these "data." These data were then inverted using a newly developed algorithm that assumes a constant altitude variation of the electron density with latitude but scales this profile shape by the peak electron density, which varies with latitude. We find that our technique more accurately determines the electron density than direct inversion of the TEC data using Abel inversion techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1148 DI 10.1029/2000RS002430 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900026 ER PT J AU Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP AF Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP TI Overview of the 1998 Caribbean Ionospheric Campaign SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AIRGLOW; SCATTER AB The Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory have coordinated the first of a series of scientific campaigns to gather ionospheric measurements to characterize the dynamics of space weather. The campaign participants include several universities, government agencies, and private corporations. The focus of the campaign is to gather high-quality, spatial and temporal coincident data to study midlatitude ionospheric specification, compare various ionospheric measurement techniques, and lay the groundwork for validating new ionospheric monitoring instruments and models. The location of the campaign was chosen to further investigate midlatitude ionospheric depletions previously observed above Puerto Rico. In addition to direct comparisons an ionospheric specification model currently under construction will assimilate the data set collected during these campaigns. This paper presents an overview of the first campaign that occurred in the Caribbean, centered about Puerto Rico, in June 1998. The paper also includes a brief description of the variety of monitoring techniques used and the preliminary results of the comparison. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Thonnard, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1029/2000RS002431 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900031 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Huba, JD Kudeki, E Woodman, RF Condori, L Villanueva, F AF Bernhardt, PA Huba, JD Kudeki, E Woodman, RF Condori, L Villanueva, F TI Lifetime of a depression in the plasma density over Jicamarca produced by space shuttle exhaust in the ionosphere SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEPLETION AB When the space shuttle orbiting maneuver subsystem (OMS) engines burn in the ionosphere, a plasma density depression, or "hole," is produced. Charge exchange between the exhaust molecules and the ambient O+ ions yields molecular ion beams that eventually recombine with electrons. The resulting plasma hole in the ionosphere can be studied with ground-based, incoherent scatter radars (ISRs). This type of ionospheric modification is being studied during the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust (SIMPLEX) series of experiments over ISR systems located around the globe. The SIMPLEX I experiment occurred over Jicamarca, Peru, in the afternoon on October 4, 1997, during shuttle mission STS 86. An electron density depression was produced at 359 km altitude at the midpoint of a magnetic field line. The experiment was scheduled when there were no zonal drifts of the plasma so the modified field line remained fixed over the 50 MHz Jicamarca radar. The density depression was filled in by plasma flowing along the magnetic field line with a time constant of 4.5 min. The density perturbation had completely vanished 20 min after the engine burn. The experimental measurements were compared with two models: (1) SAMI2, a fully numerical model of the F region, and (2) an analytic representation of field-aligned transport by ambipolar diffusion. The computed recovery time from each model is much longer than the observed recovery time. The theory of ambipolar diffusion currently used in ionospheric models seems to be inadequate to describe the SIMPLEX 1 observations. Several possible sources for this discrepancy are discussed. The SIMPLEX 1 active experiment is shown to have the potential for testing selected processes in ionospheric models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Inst Geofis Peru, Jicamarca Radiol Observ, Lima 13, Peru. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave S W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1220 DI 10.1029/2000RS002434 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900032 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Thomas, RJ TI An algorithm for inferring the two-dimensional structure of the nighttime ionosphere from radiative recombination measurements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOPKINS ULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPE; NIGHTGLOW; SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY AB We present a technique for retrieving the two-dimensional structure of the ionosphere using the measured variations of ultraviolet emissions produced by radiative recombination at 911 and 1356 Angstrom as measured by satellite-based limb scanning instruments. The algorithm uses an iterative scheme based on discrete inverse theory to determine the best fit to the data. We present the results of a simulation that demonstrates the algorithm's performance for an inversion covering the nighttime half of the orbit. The algorithm was tested using "data" generated with the international reference ionosphere (IRI-90; Bilitza [1990]). The algorithm accurately retrieved the nighttime F region electron density. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1254 DI 10.1029/2000RS002429 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 482HN UT WOS:000171570900035 ER PT J AU Leonard, JJ Carpenter, RN Feder, HJS AF Leonard, JJ Carpenter, RN Feder, HJS TI Stochastic mapping using forward look sonar SO ROBOTICA LA English DT Article DE stochastic mapping; forward look sonar; oceanic data; vehicle trajectory; navigation ID MOBILE ROBOT; LOCALIZATION AB This paper investigates the problem of concurrent mapping and localization (CML) using forward look sonar data. Results are presented from processing of an oceanic data set from an 87 kHz US Navy forward look imaging sonar using the stochastic mapping method for CML. The goal is to detect objects on the seabed, map their locations, and concurrently compute an improved trajectory for the vehicle. The resulting trajectory is compared with position estimates computed with an inertial navigation system and Doppler velocity sonar. The results demonstrate the potential of concurrent mapping and localization algorithms to satisfy the navigation requirements of undersea vehicles equipped with forward look sonar. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Leonard, JJ (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0263-5747 J9 ROBOTICA JI Robotica PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 19 BP 467 EP 480 PN 5 PG 14 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 480ZG UT WOS:000171492800002 ER PT J AU Dong, W Mansour, AN Dunn, B AF Dong, W Mansour, AN Dunn, B TI Structural and electrochemical properties of amorphous and crystalline molybdenum oxide aerogels SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum oxide; aerogel; electrochemical properties; EXAFS ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; OXIDATION-STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; MOO3; BATTERIES; CATHODES; FILMS AB The structure and chemical differences among amorphous, crystalline and nanocrystalline molybdenum oxide aerogels were determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). These different forms of the same nominal material are produced by heat treatment. The influence of the structural differences on electrochemical properties was examined using stepped cyclic voltammetry. The most interesting material was the MoO3 aerogel heated to 300 degreesC. The material was found to be nanocrystalline; there are no XRD peaks but the EXAFS were virtually identical to orthorhombic MoO3. The electrochemcial response of the nanocrystalline material contains characteristics of both the amorphous and crystalline forms, but with better lithium capacity than either one. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Dunn, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00901-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 477KQ UT WOS:000171283100004 ER PT J AU Knutson, EM AF Knutson, EM TI The natural and the supernatural in Zola's 'Therese Raquin' SO SYMPOSIUM-A QUARTERLY JOURNAL IN MODERN LITERATURES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knutson, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0039-7709 J9 SYMPOSIUM JI Symp.-Q. J. Mod. Lit. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 140 EP 154 PG 15 WC Literature SC Literature GA 538TW UT WOS:000174832000002 ER PT J AU Seaver, M Crookston, J Roselle, D Wagner, SJ AF Seaver, M Crookston, J Roselle, D Wagner, SJ TI First results using automated epifluorescence microscopy to detect E-coli and S-aureus in leukoreduced platelet concentrates SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 9 SU S BP 53S EP 53S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 472TV UT WOS:000171001800198 ER PT J AU Benson, DE Conrad, DW de Lorimer, RM Trammell, SA Hellinga, HW AF Benson, DE Conrad, DW de Lorimer, RM Trammell, SA Hellinga, HW TI Design of bioelectronic interfaces by exploiting hinge-bending motions in proteins SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOSENSORS; CONSTRUCTION; GLUCOSE; FILMS AB We report a flexible strategy for transducing ligand-binding events into electrochemical responses for a wide variety of proteins. The method exploits ligand-mediated hinge-bending motions, intrinsic to the bacterial periplasmic binding protein superfamily, to establish allosterically controlled interactions between electrode surfaces and redox-active, Ru(II)labeled proteins. This approach allows the development of protein-based bioelectronic interfaces that respond to a diverse set of analytes. Families of these interfaces can be generated either by exploiting natural binding diversity within the superfamily or by reengineering the specificity of individual proteins. These proteins may have numerous medical, environmental, and defense applications. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hellinga, HW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Box 3711, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 32 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 31 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5535 BP 1641 EP 1644 DI 10.1126/science.1062461 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 469FA UT WOS:000170802900058 PM 11533486 ER PT J AU El-Azazy, OME El-Metenawy, TM Wassef, HY AF El-Azazy, OME El-Metenawy, TM Wassef, HY TI Hyalomma impeltatum (Acari : Ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in Saudi Arabia SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hyalomma impeltatum; Theileria spp.; sheep-protozoa; vector; Saudi Arabia AB Little is known about tick-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia, particularly regarding the prevalence of theileriosis in small ruminants. This survey studied the potential vectors of malignant theileriosis in Saudi Arabian sheep. Blood, lymph node and tick samples were collected from animals being treated or necropsied at the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Jeddah, Makkah (western region), and Bureida, Al-Qasim. (central region). Blood and lymph node smears were prepared and examined for Theileria species. Theileria hirci (=T. lestoquardi) was found in lymph node smears of one out of 36 sheep (2.8%) in Jeddah and six of 25 sheep (24%) in Bureida. The erythrocytic forms were detected in 5-8% of RBCs. Ticks were found in relatively less number of sheep in Bureida. and Jeddah, 17/180 and 26/125, respectively. All Theileria-infected sheep were infested with Hyalomma impeltatum except the one that carried Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. This suggests that H. impeltatum is a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in Saudi Arabia. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Zagazig Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Zagazig, Egypt. Minist Agr & Water, Vet Diagnost Lab, Bureida, Saudi Arabia. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP El-Azazy, OME (reprint author), Zagazig Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Zagazig, Egypt. OI Elmetenawy, Tarek/0000-0003-4544-4927 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 31 PY 2001 VL 99 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00468-X PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 468KK UT WOS:000170756700005 PM 11511417 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Thantu, N Kleiman, V Melinger, JS Lotshaw, WT AF McMorrow, D Thantu, N Kleiman, V Melinger, JS Lotshaw, WT TI Analysis of intermolecular coordinate contributions to third-order ultrafast spectroscopy of liquids in the harmonic oscillator limit SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID KERR-EFFECT MEASUREMENTS; SHORT-TIME DYNAMICS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL KERR; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; NORMAL-MODES; CS2; SOLVENTS AB The apparently - multicomponent subpicosecond intermolecular dynamics of carbon disulfide liquid are addressed in a unified manner in terms of an inhomogeneously broadened quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator model for a single vibrational coordinate. For an inhomogeneously broadened (Gaussian) distribution of oscillators, the model predicts naturally the bimodal character of the subpicosecond intermolecular dynamics of carbon disulfide liquid, and also the spectral evolution effects (spectral narrowing and saturation) that are observed for solutions of carbon disulfide in weakly interacting alkane solvents. The unique dynamical signature of these low-frequency vibrational coordinates is determined largely by the physical constraints on the coordinates (near equality of oscillator frequency, dephasing frequency, and inhomogeneous bandwidth), such that constructive and destructive interference effects play a dominant role in shaping the experimental observable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE Co, Ctr Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Lotshaw, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6820, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 74 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 30 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 34 BP 7960 EP 7972 DI 10.1021/jp002449k PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 467XY UT WOS:000170730100002 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Ngai, KL Santangelo, PG Qiu, XH Ediger, MD Plazek, DJ AF Roland, CM Ngai, KL Santangelo, PG Qiu, XH Ediger, MD Plazek, DJ TI Temperature dependence of segmental and terminal relaxation in atactic polypropylene melts SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LINEAR AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SOFTENING DISPERSION; DYNAMICS; POLYISOBUTYLENE; EXPLANATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 28 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 18 BP 6159 EP 6160 DI 10.1021/ma002121p PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 466TN UT WOS:000170662100003 ER PT J AU Swiggers, ML Xia, G Slinker, JD Gorodetsky, AA Malliaras, GG Headrick, RL Weslowski, BT Shashidhar, RN Dulcey, CS AF Swiggers, ML Xia, G Slinker, JD Gorodetsky, AA Malliaras, GG Headrick, RL Weslowski, BT Shashidhar, RN Dulcey, CS TI Orientation of pentacene films using surface alignment layers and its influence on thin-film transistor characteristics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOBILITY AB We have investigated the effect of surface order on the orientation and mobility of pentacene. The surface order was created using monolayers and polymers that are normally used to align liquid crystals. Rubbed polyvinylalcohol layers were found to align approximately 27% of the pentacene grains within a 30 degrees range. When introduced in a thin-film transistor, they were found to enhance the saturation current by a factor of 2.5. A mechanism for this enhancement is proposed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malliaras, GG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Slinker, Jason/A-7687-2008 NR 16 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1300 EP 1302 DI 10.1063/1.1394952 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 465LQ UT WOS:000170590800026 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Stephens, GL AF Miller, SD Stephens, GL TI CloudSat instrument requirements as determined from ECMWF forecasts of global cloudiness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LINE ABSORPTION; MILLIMETER-WAVE RADAR; EXTENDED WATER CLOUDS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION PROFILES; BAND; ICE; PARAMETRIZATION; VALIDATION AB In the years preceding the launch of CloudSat in 2003, important questions regarding instrument requirements sufficient to fulfilling the mission's science objectives must be addressed. Qualified and useful answers to these questions require in turn a careful simulation strategy whereupon the observing system and modeled environment are represented as realistically as possible. In this paper, we consider the W band (94 GHz) cloud radar minimum detectable signal (MDS) requirement in the context of specified boundary fluxes and in-cloud heating rates. Realistic cloud distribution and water contents from short-range forecasts produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are converted to attenuated equivalent radar reflectivity to yield full-orbit virtual CloudSat observations. The radiative implications of variable radar MDS are examined using a two-stream radiative transfer model. Simulations show that a MDS of similar to -28 dBZ will detect a fraction of the true cloud field sufficient to reconstruct the instantaneous top-of-atmosphere and surface fluxes to within Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) requirements. The results of this analysis form collectively a statement on instrument engineering requirements that is predicated on and hence mappable directly to the physical parameters that define CloudSat science objectives. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave MS2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D16 BP 17713 EP 17733 DI 10.1029/2000JD900645 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465FR UT WOS:000170579400002 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Stephens, GL Austin, RT AF Miller, SD Stephens, GL Austin, RT TI GOES 10 cloud optical property retrievals in the context of vertically varying microphysics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OCTOBER 1986 FIRE; OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES; SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; LIQUID WATER; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CIRRUS; PARAMETERS; LIDAR AB An optimal estimation approach is applied to the physical retrieval of single-layer cloud optical properties (optical depth and effective radius) using multispectral imager channels on the western Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES 10). The retrieval includes diagnostic information pertaining to uncertainty and dependence on a priori assumptions required by the forward model. Satellite retrievals of 0.65-mum cloud optical depth and effective radius (micrometers) for marine stratocumulus (in both drizzle and drizzle-free conditions) during the CloudSat Antecedent Validation Experiment and tropical cirrus during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)-Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle spring flight series are examined together with data from the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Airborne Cloud Radar (ACR), the ARM Cloud Detection Lidar, and the Colorado State University Scanning Spectral Polarimeter (SSP) instruments. Optical depths are found to be consistent between GOES and SSP after taking into account the degradation of responsivity in GOES channel 1. Colocated ACR/GOES observations support past evidence that passive satellite detection of drizzle size droplets (in terms of a significant positive bias in the retrieved effective radius) may be possible under certain conditions. The ability of a dual lidar/radar active observing system to provide independent information over different cloud particle size regimes is illustrated and speaks to the vertical variability of cloud microphysics. The GOES estimate of effective radius was found to be more representative of the tipper 0.5 km of the cirrus clouds examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Matine Meteorol Div, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Matine Meteorol Div, Satellite Meteorol Applicat Sect, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D16 BP 17981 EP 17995 DI 10.1029/2000JD000057 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465FR UT WOS:000170579400023 ER PT J AU Liu, M Westphal, DL AF Liu, M Westphal, DL TI A study of the sensitivity of simulated mineral dust production to model resolution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN DUST; TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION; AEROSOL; DESIGN; SYSTEM AB The dependence of dust production on model grid-space resolution is investigated using the Navy's operational mesoscale meteorological model with an imbedded dust emission model. The study covers a 2-week period of strong dust storms in April 1998 in the major dust source area of East Asia. The modeled surface winds at grid resolutions of 20, 40, 60, and 80 km are verified against observational data. At all resolutions the model has a positive bias in wind speed that decreases as resolution increases. Dust fluxes that are proportional to the fourth power of the friction velocity (u(*)) and the third power of the wind speed are calculated at all four resolutions and compared. Compared with the 20-km resolution u(*)-driven flux, which is deduced to be the most accurate, the u(*)-driven flux on the coarser grids overestimate the flux, with the 80 km being 60% higher for individual events and nearly 20% higher in the total dust production for the entire study period. The wind-driven flux misses the smaller events due to the lack of a dependence on stability and wind shear, when compared with the timing of surface dust observations, and has differences of up to 70%, when compared with the 20km u(*)-driven flux. Averaging over space and time tends to reduce the differences among grids and might support modeling at coarse resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D16 BP 18099 EP 18112 DI 10.1029/2000JD900711 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465FR UT WOS:000170579400033 ER PT J AU Husar, RB Tratt, DM Schichtel, BA Falke, SR Li, F Jaffe, D Gasso, S Gill, T Laulainen, NS Lu, F Reheis, MC Chun, Y Westphal, D Holben, BN Gueymard, C McKendry, I Kuring, N Feldman, GC McClain, C Frouin, RJ Merrill, J DuBois, D Vignola, F Murayama, T Nickovic, S Wilson, WE Sassen, K Sugimoto, N Malm, WC AF Husar, RB Tratt, DM Schichtel, BA Falke, SR Li, F Jaffe, D Gasso, S Gill, T Laulainen, NS Lu, F Reheis, MC Chun, Y Westphal, D Holben, BN Gueymard, C McKendry, I Kuring, N Feldman, GC McClain, C Frouin, RJ Merrill, J DuBois, D Vignola, F Murayama, T Nickovic, S Wilson, WE Sassen, K Sugimoto, N Malm, WC TI Asian dust events of April 1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; CHANGING SOURCES; AIR-POLLUTION; MAUNA-LOA; TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; OCEAN; NETWORK AB On April 15 and 19, 1998, two intense dust storms were generated over the Gobi desert by springtime low-pressure systems descending from the northwest. The windblown dust was detected and its evolution followed by its yellow color on SeaWiFS satellite images, routine surface-based monitoring, and through serendipitous observations. The April 15 dust cloud was recirculating, and it was removed by a precipitating weather system over east Asia. The April 19 dust cloud crossed the Pacific Ocean in 5 days, subsided to the surface along the mountain ranges between British Columbia and California, and impacted severely the optical and the concentration environments of the region. In east Asia the dust clouds increased the albedo over the cloudless ocean and land by up to 10-20%, but it reduced the near-UNI cloud reflectance, causing a yellow coloration of all surfaces. The yellow colored backscattering by the dust eludes a plausible explanation using simple Mie theory with constant refractive index. Over the West Coast the dust layer has increased the spectrally uniform optical depth to about 0.4, reduced the direct solar radiation by 30-40%, doubled the diffuse radiation, and caused a whitish discoloration of the blue sky. On April 29 the average excess surface-level dust aerosol concentration over the valleys of the West Coast was about 20-50 mug/m(3) with local peaks > 100 mug/m(3). The dust mass mean diameter was 2-3 mum, and the dust chemical fingerprints were evident throughout the West Coast and extended to Minnesota. The April 1998 dust event has impacted the surface aerosol concentration 2-4 times more than any other dust event since 1988. The dust events were observed and interpreted by an ad hoc international web-based virtual community. It would be useful to set up a community-supported web-based infrastructure to monitor the global aerosol pattern for such extreme aerosol events, to alert and to inform the interested communities, and to facilitate collaborative analysis for improved air quality and disaster management. C1 Washington Univ, Ctr Air Pollut Impact & Trend Anal, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92110 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. New Mexico Environm Dept, Air Qual Bur, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. Univ Oregon, Solar Monitoring Lab, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Tokyo Univ Mercantile Marine, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Malta, Euro Mediterranean Ctr Insular Coastal Dynam ICoD, Valletta, Malta. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsububa, Iburaki, Japan. Colorado State Univ, NPS Air Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Husar, RB (reprint author), Washington Univ, Ctr Air Pollut Impact & Trend Anal, Campus Box 1124, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI DuBois, David/F-6380-2015; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014; Husar, Rudolf/A-9000-2009; Tratt, David/A-7884-2009; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015 OI DuBois, David/0000-0003-2560-505X; Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Tratt, David/0000-0002-3942-6848; Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316 NR 51 TC 485 Z9 519 U1 8 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D16 BP 18317 EP 18330 DI 10.1029/2000JD900788 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465FR UT WOS:000170579400046 ER PT J AU Tratt, DM Frouin, RJ Westphal, DL AF Tratt, DM Frouin, RJ Westphal, DL TI April 1998 Asian dust event: A southern California perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL BACKSCATTER MEASUREMENTS; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FORECAST MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; LIDAR; RETRIEVAL; NETWORK; AERONET AB In late April 1998 an extreme Asian dust episode reached the U.S. western seaboard. This event was observed by several in situ and remote sensing atmospheric measurement stations. Dramatic reductions in boundary layer visibility were recorded and the resultant peak backscatter coefficients exceeded prevailing upper tropospheric background conditions by at least 2 orders of magnitude. An analysis of this event is given using lidar vertical backscatter profilometry, concurrent Sun photometer opacity data, and transport modeling. At San Nicolas Island the measured and modeled aerosol optical thickness at 500 nm increased dramatically from 0.15 on April 25 to 0.52 on April 26-27. Volume size distribution on April 27 exhibited a prominent coarse mode at 1-2 mum radius, and single-scattering albedo was observed to increase from 0.90 in the blue to 0.93 in the near infrared. Concurrent lidar observations tracked the evolution of the plume vertical structure, which consisted of up to three well-defined layers distributed throughout the free troposphere. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tratt, DM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 168-214,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Tratt, David/A-7884-2009 OI Tratt, David/0000-0002-3942-6848 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D16 BP 18371 EP 18379 DI 10.1029/2000JD900758 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465FR UT WOS:000170579400050 ER PT J AU Cho, CS Burkly, LC Fechner, JH Kirk, AD Oberley, TD Dong, YC Brunner, KG Peters, D Tenhoor, CN Nadeau, K Yagci, G Ishido, N Schultz, JM Tsuchida, M Hamawy, MM Knechtle, SJ AF Cho, CS Burkly, LC Fechner, JH Kirk, AD Oberley, TD Dong, YC Brunner, KG Peters, D Tenhoor, CN Nadeau, K Yagci, G Ishido, N Schultz, JM Tsuchida, M Hamawy, MM Knechtle, SJ TI Successful conversion from conventional immunosuppression to anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody costimulatory molecule blockade in rhesus renal allograft recipients SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Transplantation CY MAY 13-17, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Transplantat ID INTRAHEPATIC ISLET ALLOGRAFTS; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE; HUMANIZED ANTI-CD154; REJECTION; INDUCTION; IMMUNOTOXIN; REQUIREMENT; RAPAMYCIN; PRIMATES AB Background. Several conventional forms of nosuppression. have been shown to antagonize the efficacy of anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody- (mAb) based costimulatory molecule blockade immunotherapy. Our objective was to determine if allograft recipients treated with a conventional immunosuppressive regimen could be sequentially converted to anti-CD154 mAb monotherapy without compromising graft survival. Methods. Outbred juvenile rhesus monkeys underwent renal allotransplantation from MHC-disparate donors. After a 60-day course of triple therapy immunosuppression. with steroids, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil, monkeys were treated with: (1) cessation of all immunosuppression (control); (2) seven monthly doses of 20 mg/kg hu5C8 (maintenance), or; (3) 20 mg/kg hu5C8 on posttransplant days 60, 61, 64, 71, 79, and 88 followed by five monthly doses (induction+maintenance). Graft rejection was defined by elevation in serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl combined with histologic evidence of rejection. Results. Graft survival for the three groups were as follows: group I (control): 70, 75, > 279 days; group 2 (maintenance): 83, 349, > 293 days, and; group 3 (induction+ maintenance): 355, > 377, > 314 days. Acute rejection developing in two of four monkeys after treatment with conventional immunosuppression was successfully reversed with intensive hu5CS monotherapy. Conclusions. Renal allograft recipients can be successfully converted to CD154 blockade monotherapy after 60 days of conventional immunosuppression. An induction phase of anti-CD154 mAb appears to be necessary for optimal conversion. Therefore, although concurrent administration of conventional immunosuppressive agents including steroids and calcineurin inhibitors has been shown to inhibit the efficacy of CD154 blockade, sequential conversion from these agents to CD154 blockade appears to be effective. C1 Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Surg, Div Transplantat, Clin Sci Ctr H4 784, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Pathol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. NIDDK, USN, Med Res Ctr, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Knechtle, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Surg, Div Transplantat, Clin Sci Ctr H4 784, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; Fechner, John/C-5962-2016 OI Fechner, John/0000-0002-8220-7237 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI43900] NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD AUG 27 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 4 BP 587 EP 597 DI 10.1097/00007890-200108270-00006 PG 11 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 472DP UT WOS:000170968400006 PM 11544416 ER PT J AU Santos, JP Welsh, ER Gaber, BP Singh, A AF Santos, JP Welsh, ER Gaber, BP Singh, A TI Polyelectrolyte-assisted immobilization of active enzymes on glass beads SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; PROTEIN MULTILAYER FILMS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; BY-LAYER ADSORPTION; ULTRATHIN MULTILAYER; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; SUCCESSIVE DEPOSITION; POLYMER SURFACES AB Using alternating layers of charged polymers, we have constructed reactive thin films by incorporating enzymes, specifically alkaline phosphatase (AP) and glucose oxidase (GOD), into multilayers of a polycation, branched polyethylenimine (PEI), and a polyanion, poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS), supported on a glass substrate. Experiments using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) demonstrated that the films grew sequentially on a solid support, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed the growth and deposition of successive enzyme layers. For both enzymes, the reactive films demonstrated increased activity with the successive number of deposited enzyme layers. In hybrid films, consisting of alternating layers of AP and GOD, both enzymes retained activities similar to those of their corresponding films of either enzyme alone. The effect of elevated temperature was also investigated for these reactive films. Increased thermal stability was found to be associated with the increase in the number of deposited enzyme layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 21 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 17 BP 5361 EP 5367 DI 10.1021/la0102556 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 465DF UT WOS:000170573800036 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Campbell, PM Twigg, M Perkins, FK AF Snow, ES Campbell, PM Twigg, M Perkins, FK TI Ultrathin PtSi layers patterned by scanned probe lithography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PASSIVATED SILICON; SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; IN-SITU; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LOCAL OXIDATION; NANOFABRICATION; KINETICS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY AB A process for patterning ultrathin layers of PtSi with high spatial resolution is presented. In this process, scanned probe anodic oxidation is used to pattern a surface oxide layer on a H-passivated Si surface. This oxide pattern prevents the reaction of a deposited Pt film with the underlying Si in the formation of PtSi. The unreacted Pt on the oxide is removed by a selective etch before any annealing. This process greatly reduces lateral diffusion and produces a 2-nm-thick PtSi layer with good electrical properties that maintains the fidelity of the patterned oxide mask. Such nanostructured PtSi films are a good candidate for use in constructing lateral Si-based quantum devices. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1109 EP 1111 DI 10.1063/1.1394167 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 462PM UT WOS:000170429000013 ER PT J AU Hanbicki, AT Magno, R Cheng, SF Park, YD Bracker, AS Jonker, BT AF Hanbicki, AT Magno, R Cheng, SF Park, YD Bracker, AS Jonker, BT TI Nonvolatile reprogrammable logic elements using hybrid resonant tunneling diode-giant magnetoresistance circuits SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have combined resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) with giant magnetoresistance (GMR) elements so that the GMR element controls the switching current and stable operating voltage points of the hybrid circuit. Parallel and series combinations demonstrate continuous or two-state tunability of the subsequent RITD-like current-voltage characteristic via the magnetic field response of the GMR element. Monostable-bistable transition logic element operation is demonstrated with a GMR/RITD circuit in both the dc limit and clocked operation. The output of such hybrid circuits is nonvolatile, reprogrammable, and multivalued. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hanbicki, AT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1190 EP 1192 DI 10.1063/1.1395523 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 462PM UT WOS:000170429000040 ER PT J AU Liu, AY Mazin, II Kortus, J AF Liu, AY Mazin, II Kortus, J TI Beyond Eliashberg superconductivity in MgB2: Anharmonicity, two-phonon scattering, and multiple gaps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANTS; YBA2CU3O7 AB Density-functional calculations of the phonon spectrum and electron-phonon coupling in MgB2 are presented. The E-2g phonons, which involve in-plane B displacements, couple strongly to the p(x,y) electronic bands. The isotropic electron-phonon coupling constant is calculated to be about 0.8. Allowing for different order parameters in different bands, the superconducting lambda in the clean limit is calculated to be significantly larger. The E-2g phonons are strongly anharmonic, and the nonlinear contribution to the coupling between the E-2g modes and the p(x,y) bands is significant. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MPI Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Liu, AY (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 27 TC 443 Z9 449 U1 8 U2 54 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 8 AR 087005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.087005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 465MJ UT WOS:000170592500048 ER PT J AU Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Klebanoff, A Bollt, EM AF Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Klebanoff, A Bollt, EM TI Towards complete detection of unstable periodic orbits in chaotic systems SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; STRANGE ATTRACTOR; RING CAVITY; MAP AB We present a rigorous analysis and numerical evidence indicating that a recently developed methodology for detecting unstable periodic orbits is capable of yielding all orbits up to periods limited only by the computer precision. In particular, we argue that an efficient convergence to every periodic orbit can be achieved and the basin of attraction can be made finite and accessible for typical or particularly chosen initial conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Math, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lai, YC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Davidchack, Ruslan/D-8030-2011 OI Davidchack, Ruslan/0000-0001-9418-5322 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 20 PY 2001 VL 287 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00463-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 468NB UT WOS:000170762800017 ER PT J AU Wilson, AW Howe, JM AF Wilson, AW Howe, JM TI Effect of alloying additions on beta ' precipitation in NiAl-Ti base alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE NiAl alloys; intermetallic; Heusler phase; Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); Atom Location by Channeling Enhanced Microanalysis (ALCHEMI) ID ORDERED BINARY-ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STATISTICAL ALCHEMI; GROUND STATE; PHASE; SYSTEM; CU AB The precipitation of beta ' -Ni2AlTi is investigated in NiAl-3Ti-X (X=Cu, Hf) alloys to determine the effects of alloying additions. Hf enhanced the precipitation of beta ' and both Ti and Hf were found to partition to the beta ' phase. Atom Location by Channeling Enhanced Microanalysis (ALCHEMI) results indicate that Hf has a strong preference to reside on Al sites. Cu was found to enhance beta ' precipitation, but only when added to replace Ni in the composition. In this case, the beta ' phase was enriched in Ti but not Cu. By relating the stability of the phases with nearest neighbor pair interactions, it is shown that Hf increases the stability of beta ' phase, while Cu decreases the stability of the matrix beta phase relative to beta '. (C) 2001 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Wilson, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 16 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 14 BP 2653 EP 2660 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00183-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 462TF UT WOS:000170435300005 ER PT J AU Chaney, JA Pehrsson, PE AF Chaney, JA Pehrsson, PE TI Work function changes and surface chemistry of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon on indium tin oxide SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auger electron spectroscopy (AES); high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS); indium tin oxide (ITO); kelvin probe; surface chemistry; work function measurements ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; THIN-FILMS; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; KELVIN PROBE; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; POLYCRYSTALLINE INDIUM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INITIAL OXIDATION AB The surface chemistry of indium. tin oxide (ITO) has been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). A vibrating Kelvin probe (KP) with a graphite reference was used to monitor the absolute work function (fl of ITO as a function of chemical modification. The ITO was exposed in situ to molecular hydrogen (H-2), hot-filament-activated oxygen (O-2(*)), and hot-filament-activated deuterium (D-2(*)). The initial Phi of ITO was determined to be 5.2 eV, and surface chemical changes had strong effects on this value, as seen by KR Exposure of clean ITO to O-2(*) increased Phi to similar to5.6 eV, but the increase was short-lived. The changes in Phi over time were correlated with the uptake of carbon impurities in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as monitored by AES. The HREELS of ITO revealed significant hydrocarbon impurities. Chemical reduction of ITO produced a metallic surface and dehydrogenated the adsorbed hydrocarbons. Both re-oxidation of metallic ITO and oxidation of clean ITO temporarily removed adventitious carbon from the surface, but oxidized ITO adsorbed an even larger quantity of carbon over time. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 74 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD AUG 16 PY 2001 VL 180 IS 3-4 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00347-6 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 465XE UT WOS:000170614600005 ER PT J AU Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Wiscombe, WJ Hu, YX Nasiri, SL Soulen, PF Heymsfield, AJ McFarquhar, GM Miloshevich, LM AF Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Wiscombe, WJ Hu, YX Nasiri, SL Soulen, PF Heymsfield, AJ McFarquhar, GM Miloshevich, LM TI Sensitivity of cirrus bidirectional reflectance to vertical inhomogeneity of ice crystal habits and size distributions for two Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; AIRBORNE SIMULATOR IMAGERY; SOLAR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MU-M WINDOW; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHASE FUNCTIONS; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; INFRARED RADIANCES; OPTICAL-THICKNESS AB A common assumption in satellite imager-based cirrus retrieval algorithms is that the radiative properties of a cirrus cloud may be represented by those associated with a specific ice crystal shape (or habit) and a single particle size distribution. However, observations of cirrus clouds have shown that the shapes and sizes of ice crystals may vary substantially with height within the clouds. In this study we investigate the sensitivity of the top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectances for two Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bands centered at 0.65 mum and 2.11 mum to cirrus models composed of either a single homogeneous layer or three distinct, but contiguous, layers. First, we define the single- and three-layer cirrus cloud models with respect to ice crystal habit and size distributions on the basis of in situ replicator data acquired during the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE-II), held in Kansas during the fall of 1991. Subsequently, fundamental light-scattering and radiative transfer theory is employed to determine the single-scattering and the bulk radiative properties of the cirrus cloud. For radiative transfer computations we present a discrete form of the adding/doubling principle that is computationally straightforward and efficient. For the 0.65 mum band, at which absorption by ice is negligible, there is little difference between the bidirectional reflectances calculated for the one- and three-layer cirrus models. This result suggests that the vertical inhomogeneity effect is relatively unimportant at 0.65 mum. At 2.11 mum the bidirectional reflectances computed for both optically thin (tau = 1) and thick (tau = 10) cirrus clouds show significant differences between the results for the one- and three-layer models. The reflectances computed for the three-layer cirrus model are substantially larger than those computed for the single-layer cirrus. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the cirrus reflectances at both the 0.65 and 2.11 mum bands are very sensitive to the optical properties of the small crystals that predominate in the top layer of the three-layer cirrus model. It is critical to define the most realistic geometric shape for the small "quasi-spherical" ice crystals in the top layer for obtaining reliable single-scattering parameters and bulk radiative properties of cirrus. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Nasiri, Shaima/C-8044-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 NR 65 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D15 BP 17267 EP 17291 DI 10.1029/2000JD900618 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 463BP UT WOS:000170457200014 ER PT J AU Schlaf, R Merritt, CD Picciolo, LC Kafafi, ZH AF Schlaf, R Merritt, CD Picciolo, LC Kafafi, ZH TI Determination of the orbital lineup at reactive organic semiconductor interfaces using photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; ELECTRON-AFFINITY RULE; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; DER-WAALS EPITAXY; CORRECTION TERM; ALUMINUM; SPECTRA; ALQ(3); METAL AB We determined the orbital lineup of the tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) gallium (Gaq(3))/Mg interface using combined x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) measurements. The Gaq(3)/Mg system is a prototypical model structure for organic electron/low work function electrode transporting materials interfaces found in organic light emitting diodes (OLED). A Gaq(3) thin film was grown in 15 steps on a previously sputter-cleaned Mg substrate starting at a 1 Angstrom nominal thickness up to a final thickness of 512 Angstrom. Before, and in between the growth steps, the sample surface was characterized by XPS and UPS. The results indicate the formation of a reaction layer of about 12 Angstrom thickness at the Mg interface, which resulted in a 0.96 V interface dipole potential. At Gaq(3) coverages higher than 256 Angstrom, a strong charging shift occurred in the overlayer related UPS-emission lines, which was identified by measuring the high binding energy cutoff (secondary edge) of both the XP and UP spectra. The several magnitudes different x-ray and ultraviolet source photon intensities allow pinpointing charging shifts with high sensitivity. Due to the low work function of the reacted interface layer, the Gaq(3) electronic states are aligned at a binding energy below the substrate Fermi edge that exceeds the magnitude of the optical gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). This allowed the conclusion that the ground state exciton binding energy of Gaq(3) needs to be larger than 0.43 eV. Based on these considerations, the lowest possible electron injection barrier matching the experimental data was estimated to be 0.15 eV. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schlaf, R (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1903 EP 1910 DI 10.1063/1.1375016 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 458YN UT WOS:000170223200039 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Chee, YH Karunasiri, G AF Zhou, L Chee, YH Karunasiri, G TI Measurement of the excited-state position of bound-to-bound quantum-well infrared detectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The energy of the first excited state of quantum-well infrared detectors plays an important role in determining performance. The uncertainties in material and growth parameters make it difficult to design quantum-well detectors with a precise control of the location of energy states. Such uncertainties will cause detectors to be either bound to continuum or bound to bound. In this article, we present a technique to locate the excited-state position in bound-to-bound quantum-well infrared detectors by measuring the bias dependence of the photoresponse. We have employed an InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well detector operating near 5 mum for this study. The photocurrent was found to have a strong bias dependence indicating the infrared transition in the quantum well is bound to bound in nature. The bias dependence of the photoresponse was compared with theoretical estimates including the tunneling of photoexcited electrons through the barrier. The results showed a good agreement and this allowed us to determine the location of the excited state from the barrier edge. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 4 BP 2045 EP 2047 DI 10.1063/1.1388575 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 458YN UT WOS:000170223200062 ER PT J AU Cooper, AL Mied, RP Lindemann, GJ AF Cooper, AL Mied, RP Lindemann, GJ TI Evolution of freely propagating, two-dimensional surface gravity current fronts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AGEOSTROPHIC VERTICAL SHEARS; HORIZONTAL DENSITY GRADIENTS; TIDAL INTRUSION FRONT; BAY OUTFLOW PLUME; RIVER PLUME; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NUMERICAL-MODEL; APERTURE RADAR; BUOYANT; CONVERGENCE AB This work addresses the two-dimensional propagation and shape evolution of surface gravity current fronts with a surface density outcrop frontal line. The problem is formulated using the reduced gravity shallow water equations, and the gravity currents are assumed to advance into a fluid at rest. We formulate a nonlinear analytical model for the gravity current plume front morphology by applying the shock tube theory of compressible fluids, which casts the problem in the form of art initial value calculation to be solved numerically. The simulations are initiated by assuming three different plan forms for the initial plume front and their subsequent evolutions followed in time. The paper is concerned exclusively with gravity current fronts having initially a uniform frontal propagation speed locally normal to the plume front, and a number of interesting results emerge. We find that an initially concave region of the front can lead to a nonlinear focusing that results in an energetic bulge in the frontal plan view. These bulges form sharp angles, or kinks, where they are joined to the front at their edges on either side. As they evolve, these angles increase toward 180 degrees (a straight line), and the front becomes smoother in time. The orientation of the bulge and kink features predicted by the model is in agreement with visual and radar imagery observations. The kinks are always oriented toward the lighter plume material. When a plume has two or more such concave regions, the resulting energetic bulges can interact at a later time. The issue of determining plume speeds by tracking these features on sequential images of gravity currents is also dealt with. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C8 BP 16887 EP 16901 DI 10.1029/2000JC000213 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 460UB UT WOS:000170326000020 ER PT J AU Thomsen, DL Keller, P Naciri, J Pink, R Jeon, H Shenoy, D Ratna, BR AF Thomsen, DL Keller, P Naciri, J Pink, R Jeon, H Shenoy, D Ratna, BR TI Liquid crystal elastomers with mechanical properties of a muscle SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NEMATIC ELASTOMERS; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE; ACTUATORS; POLYMERS; CONFORMATION AB Free-standing anisotropic side chain liquid crystalline elastomer films have been prepared using mesogens with laterally affixed polymerizable side chains. We present data on two networks: one containing the monomer of 4'-acryloyloxybutyl 2,5-(4'-butyloxybenzoyloxy)benzoate and another from a 50/50 mol % mixture of the above with 4'-acryloyloxybutyl 2,5-di(4'-pentylcyclohexyloyloxy)benzoate. The cross-linking was achieved using 10 mol % of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. The calculated cross-linking density, as determined from the Young's modulus, was in the 10(-5) mol/cm(3) range. Thermoelastic responses show strain changes through the nematic-isotropic phase transition to be 30-45%. The order parameters of the oriented films were determined from the dichroic ratio of IR absorption at 3343 cm(-1) to the inplane aromatic stretching overtone of the LC mesogen core. The variation of the order parameter with temperature scales similar to the strain changes at constant stress. Isostrain studies, conducted through the nematic to isotropic phase transition, show that the two networks behave as true elastomers with significant differences in the force developed. Dynamic shear measurements near the nematic to isotropic phase transition region show that the mechanical relaxation peak appears above 100 Hz, and that viscoelastic relaxations are minimal in the nematic to isotropic phase transition region below 5-10 Hz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 323 Z9 327 U1 17 U2 174 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 14 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 17 BP 5868 EP 5875 DI 10.1021/ma001639q PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 461NR UT WOS:000170370800025 ER PT J AU Warden, DL Bleiberg, J Cameron, KL Ecklund, J Walter, J Sparling, MB Reeves, D Reynolds, KY Arciero, R AF Warden, DL Bleiberg, J Cameron, KL Ecklund, J Walter, J Sparling, MB Reeves, D Reynolds, KY Arciero, R TI Persistent prolongation of simple reaction time in sports concussion SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN INJURY; HEAD-INJURY; RECOVERY; LONG AB A baseline computerized cognitive assessment was completed by 483 military cadets before their initial school year. Fourteen cadets concussed during physical education boxing were retested <1 hour after injury and again on return to full activity 4 days later. Compared with baseline testing, postinjury performance on simple reaction time and continuous performance tests was significantly slowed, even after cadets experienced resolution of physical symptoms and were cleared to resume full activity. These findings may be relevant to current concussion management guidelines. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Rehabil Hosp, Washington, DC USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Orthoped, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Warden, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG 14 PY 2001 VL 57 IS 3 BP 524 EP 526 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 462FR UT WOS:000170410500032 PM 11502926 ER PT J AU Kappe, SHI Gardner, MJ Brown, SM Ross, J Matuschewski, K Ribeiro, JM Adams, JH Quackenbush, J Cho, J Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL Nussenzweig, V AF Kappe, SHI Gardner, MJ Brown, SM Ross, J Matuschewski, K Ribeiro, JM Adams, JH Quackenbush, J Cho, J Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL Nussenzweig, V TI Exploring the transcriptome of the malaria sporozoite stage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium yoelii yoelii; expressed sequence tag ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ERYTHROCYTE BINDING-PROTEINS; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSINS; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; GAMMA-INTERFERON; GLIDING MOTILITY; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Most studies of gene expression in Plasmodium have been concerned with asexual and/or sexual erythrocytic stages. Identification and cloning of genes expressed in the preerythrocytic stages lag far behind. We have constructed a high quality cDNA library of the Plasmodium sporozoite stage by using the rodent malaria parasite A yoelii, an important model for malaria vaccine development. The technical obstacles associated with limited amounts of RNA material were overcome by PCR-amplifying the transcriptome before cloning. Contamination with mosquito RNA was negligible. Generation of 1,972 expressed sequence tags (EST) resulted in a total of 1,547 unique sequences, allowing insight into sporozoite gene expression. The circumsporozoite protein (CS) and the sporozoite surface protein 2 (SSP2) are well represented in the data set. A BLASTX search with all tags of the nonredundant protein database gave only 161 unique significant matches (P(N) less than or equal to 10(-4)), whereas 1,386 of the unique sequences represented novel sporozoite-expressed genes. We identified ESTs for three proteins that may be involved in host cell invasion and documented their expression in sporozoites. These data should facilitate our understanding of the preerythrocytic Plasmodium life cycle stages and the development of preerythrocytic vaccines. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Kaplan Canc Ctr,Michael Heidelberger Div, New York, NY 10015 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. NIAID, Med Entomol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Celera Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kappe, SHI (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Kaplan Canc Ctr,Michael Heidelberger Div, New York, NY 10015 USA. RI Adams, John/G-1800-2015; OI Adams, John/0000-0003-3707-7979; Matuschewski, Kai/0000-0001-6147-8591; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-47102, R01 AI033656-07, R01 AI033656, R01 AI047102] NR 48 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 14 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 17 BP 9895 EP 9900 DI 10.1073/pnas.171185198 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 464NX UT WOS:000170539600078 PM 11493695 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Amin, A Li, JF AF Viehland, D Amin, A Li, JF TI Piezoelectric instability in < 011 >-oriented Pb((B1/3B2/3II)-B-I)O-3-PbTiO3 crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB Piezoelectric investigations of < 011 > -oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) crystals have revealed high electromechanical properties. Piezoelectric constants of up to 5000-6000 pC/N and electromechanical coupling coefficients of up to 0.95 have been observed near the ferroelectric rhombohedral to ferroelectric tetragonal transformation. The data clearly demonstrate that the enhanced electromechanical performance of oriented piezocrystals is not constrained to the < 001 > orientation. Furthermore, analysis of the data has demonstrated the presence of piezoelectric instability between two ferroelectric states at a critical transformation temperature and/or electric field. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Phys, Kingston, RI 02845 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 19 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1006 EP 1008 DI 10.1063/1.1392307 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 459XV UT WOS:000170277500038 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, S Muraleedharan, KM Rao, CC Vairamani, M Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, S Muraleedharan, KM Rao, CC Vairamani, M Karle, IL TI One-step transformation of tricyclopentabenzene (trindane, C15H18) to bicyclo(10.3.0)pentadec-1(12)ene-2,6,7,11-tetrone (C15H18O4) and its aldol product, 12-hydroxy-16-oxatetracyclo-(10.3.1.0.O-1,5(7,11))hexadec-7(11)ene-2,6-d ione (C15H18O4) SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROWN ALGA; DITERPENOIDS; SKELETON AB [GRAPHICS] Ozonolysis of I largely results in 2 and 3, having features similar to several classes of natural products. The retention of the C-15 pericycle suggests preference for the cleavage of pi -bonds endo to the cyclopentane ring. This unique property of trindane offers opportunities for synthesis of complex natural products from this hydrocarbon that can be made in quantity by acid-catalyzed trimerizatiion of cyclopentanone. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Mass Spect Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2001 VL 3 IS 16 BP 2447 EP 2449 DI 10.1021/ol010086g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 461YW UT WOS:000170392300007 PM 11483031 ER PT J AU Ligler, FS Lingerfelt, BM Price, RP Schoen, PE AF Ligler, FS Lingerfelt, BM Price, RP Schoen, PE TI Development of uniform chitosan thin-film layers on silicon chips SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BUTTERFLIES; BEETLES; LIGHT; MOTHS AB Nature creates selectively refractive materials in butterfly wings and crab shells by alternating layers of chitin with different refractive indices. To mimic this construction, control of both thickness and refractive index of chitosan films is required. Methods were developed for adhering the chitosan layer to glass and silicon, polymerizing the chitosan, stabilizing the chitosan films against environmental changes in temperature and humidity, and depositing a uniform chitosan layer with defined thickness. First, commercial chitosan was hydrolyzed to obtain lower molecular weight polymers and further purified. Then chitosan layers were prepared on clean silicon chips pretreated with polyvinyl butyral resin for adhesion. The chitosan solution with a polymerizing component and a plasticizer consisted of 2.5% purified chitosan/2.5% Resimene/0.25% tetraethylene glycol. Spin-coating at varying speeds after an incubation period of 1 h at room temperature produced chitosan layer thicknesses in the ideal range of 1200-2000 Angstrom. The different thicknesses were reproducible, with a standard deviation across the film between 3 and 5%. The experimental index of refraction calculated for these layers was 1.59. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 7 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 16 BP 5082 EP 5084 DI 10.1021/la010148b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 460JV UT WOS:000170305200060 ER PT J AU Harris, VG Pokhil, T AF Harris, VG Pokhil, T TI Selective-resputtering-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous TbFe films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; FERRIMAGNETIC ALLOYS; FE FILMS; DEPENDENCE; SURFACE; ORDER AB Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy in rf magnetron sputtered amorphous TbFe films is measured to increase exponentially with pair-order anisotropy induced by the selective resputtering of surface adatoms during film growth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seagate Technol, Minneapolis, MN 55435 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 AR 067207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.067207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460LZ UT WOS:000170310200041 PM 11497856 ER PT J AU Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Miyakawa, N Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C AF Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Miyakawa, N Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C TI Correlation of tunneling spectra in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with the resonance spin excitation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PREDOMINANTLY SUPERCONDUCTING ORIGIN; LARGE ENERGY GAPS; UNDERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; QUASI-PARTICLE; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB New break-junction tunneling data are reported in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta over a wide range of hole concentration from underdoped (T-c = 74 K) to optimal doped (T-c = 95 K) to overdoped (T-c = 48 K). The conductances exhibit sharp dips at a voltage, Omega /e, measured with respect to the superconducting gap. Clear trends are found such that the dip strength is maximum at optimal doping and that fl scales as 4.9 kT(c) over the entire doping range. These features link the dip to the resonance spin excitation and suggest quasiparticle interactions with this mode are important for superconductivity. C1 IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 162, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 27 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 AR 067005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.067005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 460LZ UT WOS:000170310200032 PM 11497847 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ AF Schull, TL Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ TI Synthesis of symmetrical triarylphosphines from aryl fluorides and red phosphorus: scope and limitations SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aryl fluoride; liquid ammonia; lithium phosphide; red phosphorus; triarylphosphine ID WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHANES; PALLADIUM-CATALYZED PHOSPHINATION; CROSS-COUPLING REACTION; NUCLEOPHILIC PHOSPHANYLATION; CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS; TERTIARY PHOSPHINES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SECONDARY; ROUTE; SUBSTITUENTS AB The reaction of aryl fluorides with phosphide anion, generated in situ from the reduction of red phosphorus by lithium metal in liquid ammonia, gave symmetrical triarylphosphines in fair to good yields. Phosphonodiamide, sulfonamide, 2-oxazolyl, and nitrile groups were stable to the reaction conditions, while nitro and bromo substituents were not. para-Substituted aryl fluorides gave higher yields than meta-substituted aryl fluorides, and ortho-substituted aryl fluorides failed to react. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schull, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 32 BP 5373 EP 5376 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)01059-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 457FV UT WOS:000170127200011 ER PT J AU Meltzer, PC Wang, B Chen, ZM Blundell, P Jayaraman, M Gonzalez, MD George, C Madras, BK AF Meltzer, PC Wang, B Chen, ZM Blundell, P Jayaraman, M Gonzalez, MD George, C Madras, BK TI Synthesis of 6-and 7-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and their binding affinity for the dopamine and serotonin transporters SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COCAINE RECOGNITION SITES; NON-NITROGEN INHIBITORS; MONOAMINE TRANSPORTERS; KNOCKOUT MICE; RAT STRIATUM; MOUSE-BRAIN; ANALOGS; DERIVATIVES; DISCOVERY; RECEPTOR AB Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the central nervous system. Its reinforcing and stimulant effects are related to its ability to inhibit the membrane bound dopamine transporter (DAT). Inhibition of the DAT causes an increase of dopamine in the synapse with a resultant activation of postsynaptic receptors. The rapid onset and short duration of action of cocaine contribute to its high addictive potential. Consequently, the design of tropane analogues of cocaine that display longer onset times on the DAT and extended duration of action is driven by the need to develop cocaine medication. This study extends the exploration of bridge hydroxylated azabicyclo [3.2.1] octanes (tropanes). A series of 6- and 7-hydroxylated tropanes was prepared and evaluated biologically. Structure activity relationships lead to the following conclusions. Bridge hydroxylated tropanes retain biological enantioselectivity but display higher DAT versus SERT selectivity, particularly for the 3 alpha -aryl compounds as compared with the 3 beta -aryl compounds, than the bridge unsubstituted analogues. The 7-hydroxyl compounds are more potent at the DAT than their 6-hydroxyl counterparts. The general SAR of the tropanes is maintained and the rank order of potencies based on substitution at the C3 position remains 3,4-dichloro > 2-naphthyl > 4-fluoro > phenyl. C1 Organix Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Meltzer, PC (reprint author), Organix Inc, 240 Salem St, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00168]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA7-8081, DA 11558, DA 06303, DA11542, DA00304] NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 2 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 16 BP 2619 EP 2635 DI 10.1021/jm0101242 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 457YZ UT WOS:000170167700015 PM 11472216 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Spector, MS Schnur, JM AF Selinger, JV Spector, MS Schnur, JM TI Theory of self-assembled tubules and helical ribbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL LIPID-BILAYERS; INTRINSIC BENDING FORCE; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; AMPHIPHILIC ASSEMBLIES; PHOSPHOLIPID TUBULES; MEMBRANES; ORDER; MICROSTRUCTURES; FIBERS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AB Many types of amphiphilic molecules self-assemble in solution to form cylindrical tubules and helical ribbons. Some examples include diacetylenic lipids, amide amphiphiles, bile, and diblock copolymers. Researchers have proposed a variety of models to explain the formation of these high-curvature structures. These models can be divided into two broad categories: models based on the chiral elastic properties of membranes, and models based on other effects, including electrostatic interactions, elasticity of orientational order, and spontaneous curvature. In this paper, we review the range of theoretical approaches and compare them with relevant experiments. We argue that the category of models based on chiral elastic properties provides the most likely explanation of current experimental results, and we propose further theoretical and experimental research to give a more detailed test of these models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 63 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 9 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 2 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 30 BP 7157 EP 7169 DI 10.1021/jp010452d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 457TL UT WOS:000170152900001 ER PT J AU Buckley, LJ AF Buckley, LJ TI Materials chemistry at the Naval Research Laboratory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 351-POLY BP U308 EP U308 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101681 ER PT J AU Cao, H Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, J AF Cao, H Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, J TI Approach to cyclopentapentalenes: Regiospecific synthesis of the highly functionalized [5.5.5.5]tetracycles via the molybdenum carbonyl-mediated tandem Pauson-Khand reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Naval Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 94-ORGN BP U57 EP U57 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690100292 ER PT J AU Colton, RJ Cole, CL Malito, MP Miller, MM Natesan, M Piani, MA Sheehan, PE Tamanaha, CR Whitman, LJ AF Colton, RJ Cole, CL Malito, MP Miller, MM Natesan, M Piani, MA Sheehan, PE Tamanaha, CR Whitman, LJ TI Novel biosensors based on force discrimination between molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 87-PHYS BP U192 EP U192 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101019 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Kyu, T AF Guenthner, AJ Kyu, T TI Pattern formation during solidification of polymer nanofibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 333-PMSE BP U391 EP U391 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102204 ER PT J AU Herman, WN Liadsay, GA Irvin, D Guenthner, A Chafin, A AF Herman, WN Liadsay, GA Irvin, D Guenthner, A Chafin, A TI Chiral polymers for optical waveguides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, NAWCAD, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, NAWCWD, Chem & Mat Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 3-POLY BP U242 EP U242 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101333 ER PT J AU Holt, DB Farmer, BL English, AD AF Holt, DB Farmer, BL English, AD TI Effects of hexafluoropropylene comonomer on chain scission of fluoropolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. Dupont Co Inc, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 242-PMSE BP U377 EP U377 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690102113 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Klug, CA Wade, CG Frank, CW AF Kim, YJ Klug, CA Wade, CG Frank, CW TI F-19 NMR investigation of thin film perfluoropolyether backbone dynamics on carbon surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 7-PMSE BP U341 EP U341 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101878 ER PT J AU Lomax, JF Schroeder, MJ AF Lomax, JF Schroeder, MJ TI Intercalation laboratory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 334-CHED BP U243 EP U243 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690001221 ER PT J AU Lomax, JF Dillner, DK Teichert, MA AF Lomax, JF Dillner, DK Teichert, MA TI Online general chemistry laboratory submissions: Assessment and advances. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 40-CHED BP U203 EP U203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690000928 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Patterson, CH Mastrangelo, JC Aggarwal, R AF Martin, BD Patterson, CH Mastrangelo, JC Aggarwal, R TI Carbohydrate-based conducting polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 284-POLY BP U282 EP U283 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101614 ER PT J AU Sriwatanapongse, W Reinhard, M Klug, CA AF Sriwatanapongse, W Reinhard, M Klug, CA TI Reductive hydrodechlorination of TCE by palladium on alumina catalyst: A solid state NMR study of the surface reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 198-ENVR BP U451 EP U451 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690002319 ER PT J AU Sriwatanapongse, W Reinhard, M Klug, CA AF Sriwatanapongse, W Reinhard, M Klug, CA TI Reductive hydrodechlorination of TCE by palladium on alumina catalyst: A solid state NMR study of the surface reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 269-COLL BP U372 EP U372 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690001856 ER PT J AU Stotter, JM Haymond, S Butler, JE Swain, GM Zak, JK AF Stotter, JM Haymond, S Butler, JE Swain, GM Zak, JK TI Photophysical properties of boron-doped diamond optically transparant electrodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Gliwice, Poland. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 117-ANYL BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690000418 ER PT J AU Tumey, SJ Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Mignerey, AC AF Tumey, SJ Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Mignerey, AC TI Recent development of the trace element accelerator mass spectrometry system at the Naval Research Laboratory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 27-NUCL BP U9 EP U9 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690100019 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Bullock, SE Cozzens, RF AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Bullock, SE Cozzens, RF TI Synthesis and ruthenium catalyzed ring opening of novel norbornene derivates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 104-ORGN BP U59 EP U59 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690100302 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitro-1,4-pyrazine dimethyl sulfoxide solvate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C4H4N6O4.C2H6OS, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar. It is a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvate of the insensitive energetic compound 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitro-1,4-pyrazine (ANPZ). The structure has been determined to obtain more accurate metrical parameters for the 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitro-1,4-pyrazine moiety than those obtained from unsolvated crystals which are invariably twinned. The packing motif consists of two formula units linked by strong complementary hydrogen bonds between the ANPZ units with the two DMSO solvate molecules each linked by two bifurcated hydogen bonds to the two ANPZ units. This central motif is further linked into planar sheets by weaker interactions between the DMSO methyl H atoms and the O atoms from the nitro groups. This looser packing arrangement compared to ANPZ is reflected in a lower density (1.662 Mg m(-3) versus 1.812 Mg m(-3) for ANPZ). C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2001 VL 57 BP O757 EP O759 DI 10.1107/S1600536801011722 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 480EY UT WOS:000171450100064 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C4H4N6O4, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, and is an energetic compound containing only C, H, N and O atoms, with a density of 1.812 Mg m(-3). Thus, it is a very stable diaza analog of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). Like TATB, it packs in planar graphite-like layers in the ab plane, with molecules held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Both compounds decompose at temperatures above 573 K and are insoluble in most common solvents. Crystals of the title compound are usually twinned (twins related by a 180 degrees rotation about a*) and the crystal analyzed had a minor twin component. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2001 VL 57 BP O738 EP O740 DI 10.1107/S1600536801011734 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 480EY UT WOS:000171450100057 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Christian, RS Wohlrabe, J AF Ryan, MAK Christian, RS Wohlrabe, J TI Handwashing and respiratory illness among young adults in military training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE handwashing; infection control; military hygiene; respiratory tract infections ID US MILITARY; ABSENTEEISM; INFECTIONS; DISEASES; VACCINES AB Objectives: In response to increasing concerns about respiratory illness in military recruits, a simple handwashing program was developed and evaluated at a large Navy training center. Methods: Clinical records from 1996 through 1998 were reviewed to determine weekly rates of respiratory illness before and after program implementation (1,089,800 person-weeks reviewed). A supplemental sun ey was given to a sample of recruits to assess self-reported respiratory illness and compliance with the handwashing program. Results: A 45% reduction in total outpatient visits for respiratory illness was observed after implementation of the handwashing program. No change was noted in hospitalization rates for respiratory illness, which remained low during the observation period. Survey data supported clinical observations, as frequent handwashers self-reported fewer respiratory illness episodes when compared to infrequent handwashers. Surveys also revealed challenges with handwashing compliance. Conclusions: Implementation of a handwashing program in this population of healthy young adults was associated with a marked reduction in outpatient visits for respiratory illness. Despite its success, maintenance of the handwashing program has been challenging in the time-constrained setting of military training. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Code 25,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 33 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00323-3 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 455FE UT WOS:000170016200001 PM 11457626 ER PT J AU Simmons, M Murphy, GS Hayes, CG AF Simmons, M Murphy, GS Hayes, CG TI Short report: Antibody responses of mice immunized with a tetravalent dengue recombinant protein subunit vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRUS CHALLENGE; FUSION PROTEIN; DNA VACCINE; INFECTION; CELLS AB Recombinant proteins containing the B domain of dengue virus serotypes 1-4 fused to the maltose binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli were evaluated individually and as a tetravalent vaccine candidate in mice. Sera from mice immunized with monovalent DEN-MBP recombinant protein vaccines developed high titers of serotype homologous antibody in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the plaque-reduction neutralization test. Cross-reactive antibody titers were either several dilutions lower or not detectable. Sera from mice immunized with the tetravalent DEN subunit vaccine neutralized all 4 DEN viruses in the plaque-reduction neutralization test. The neutralizing antibody titers to each individual serotype were significantly greater than any cross-reactive neutralizing antibody titers induced by the monovalent vaccines, providing evidence that the tetravalent DEN recombinant subunit vaccine produced specific neutralizing antibody to all 4 serotypes of dengue virus. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Virol Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Simmons, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 20 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 461ML UT WOS:000170368000016 PM 11508393 ER PT J AU Dodson, JM Feldstein, MJ Leatzow, DM Flack, LK Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Dodson, JM Feldstein, MJ Leatzow, DM Flack, LK Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI Fluidics cube for biosensor miniaturization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARRAY IMMUNOSENSOR AB To create a small, portable, fully automated biosensor, a compact means of fluid handling is required. We designed, manufactured, and tested a "fluidics cube" for such a purpose. This cube, made of thermoplastic, contains reservoirs and channels for liquid samples and reagents and operates without the use of any internal valves or meters; it is a passive fluid circuit that relies on pressure relief vents to control fluid movement. We demonstrate the ability of pressure relief vents to control fluid movement and show how to simply manufacture or modify the cube. Combined with the planar array biosensor developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, it brings us one step closer to realizing our goal of a handheld biosensor capable of analyzing multiple samples for multiple analytes. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 15 BP 3776 EP 3780 DI 10.1021/ac010168i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 459WL UT WOS:000170274400044 PM 11510847 ER PT J AU Woodmansee, DP Simon, RA AF Woodmansee, DP Simon, RA TI Zileuton and atopic dermatitis - Reply SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Allergy Immunol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Scripps Clin, Div Allergy Asthma Immunol, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Woodmansee, DP (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Allergy Immunol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 466NC UT WOS:000170650800015 ER PT J AU Porea, TJ Margolin, JF Chintagumpala, MM AF Porea, TJ Margolin, JF Chintagumpala, MM TI Radiological case of the month - Pulmonary air embolus with home antibiotic infusion SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EDEMA C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Porea, TJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 155 IS 8 BP 963 EP 964 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 459EB UT WOS:000170237100017 PM 11483127 ER PT J AU Anderson, SF Fan, XH Richards, GT Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Vanden Berk, DE Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Schlegel, D Voges, W Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, JA Nichol, RC Szokoly, GP York, DC AF Anderson, SF Fan, XH Richards, GT Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Vanden Berk, DE Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Schlegel, D Voges, W Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, JA Nichol, RC Szokoly, GP York, DC TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. VI. Sloan digital sky survey spectrograph observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; quasars : general ID HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; MULTICOLOR DETECTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EQUATORIAL STRIPE; STELLAR OBJECTS; Z-GREATER-THAN-4; DISCOVERY; EMISSION AB We present data for over 100 high-redshift quasars found in approximate to 700 deg(2) by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), using automated selection algorithms applied to SDSS imaging data and with spectroscopic confirmation obtained during routine spectroscopic observations by the Sloan 2.5 m telescope. The SDSS spectra cover the wavelength range 3900-9200 Angstrom at a spectral resolution of 1800 and have AZ been obtained for 116 quasars with redshifts greater than 3.94; 92 of these objects were previously uncataloged, significantly increasing the current tally of published z > 4 quasars. The paper also reports observations of seven additional new z [4 quasars; all were selected from the SDSS imaging survey and spectroscopically confirmed with observations by the Apache Point Observatory's 3.5 m telescope or the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The i' magnitudes of the quasars range from 18.03 to 20.68. Of the 99 new objects reported in this paper, 13 appear to be broad absorption line quasars. Five quasars, including one object at a redshift of 5.11, have 20 cm peak flux densities greater than 1 mJy. Two of the quasars, both at z approximate to 4.5, have very weak emission lines; one of these objects is a radio source. Nineteen of the newly discovered objects have redshifts above 4.6, and the maximum redshift is z = 5.41; among objects reported to date, the latter is the third highest redshift AGN and is penultimate in redshift among luminous quasars. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888588, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Anderson, SF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 45 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 122 IS 2 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1086/321168 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 462PQ UT WOS:000170429300001 ER PT J AU Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Bauer, A Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Heckman, TM York, DG Hall, PB Fan, XH Knapp, GR Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Meiksin, A Pier, JR Pope, A Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y Stoughton, C Stubbs, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tremonti, C Uomoto, A Waddell, P Yanny, B Zheng, W AF Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Bauer, A Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Heckman, TM York, DG Hall, PB Fan, XH Knapp, GR Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Meiksin, A Pier, JR Pope, A Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y Stoughton, C Stubbs, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tremonti, C Uomoto, A Waddell, P Yanny, B Zheng, W TI Composite quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : emission lines; quasars : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; FE-II EMISSION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; NARROW-LINE REGION; BROAD EMISSION; QSO SPECTRA; RADIO GALAXIES AB We have created a variety of composite quasar spectra using a homogeneous data set of over 2200 spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The quasar sample spans a redshift range of 0.044 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4.789 and an absolute r' magnitude range of -18.0 to -26.5. The input spectra cover an observed wavelength range of 3800-9200 Angstrom at a resolution of 1800. The median composite covers a rest-wavelength range from 800 to 8555 Angstrom and reaches a peak signal-to-noise ratio of over 300 per 1 Angstrom resolution element in the rest frame. We have identified over 80 emission-line features in the spectrum. Emission-line shifts relative to nominal laboratory wavelengths are seen for many of the ionic species. Peak shifts of the broad permitted and semiforbidden lines are strongly correlated with ionization energy, as previously suggested, but we find that the narrow forbidden lines are also shifted by amounts that are strongly correlated with ionization energy. The magnitude of the forbidden line shifts is less than or similar to 100 km s(-1), compared with shifts of up to 550 km s(-1) for some of the permitted and semiforbidden lines. At wavelengths longer than the Ly alpha emission, the continuum of the geometric mean composite is well fitted by two power laws, with a break at approximate to 5000 Angstrom. The frequency power-law index, alpha (v), is -0.44 from approximate to 1300 to 5000 and -2.45 redward of approximate to 5000 The abrupt change in slope can be accounted for partly by host-galaxy contamination at low redshift. Stellar absorption lines, including higher order Balmer lines, seen in the composites suggest that young or intermediate-age stars make a significant contribution to the light of the host galaxies. Most of the spectrum is populated by blended emission lines, especially in the range 1500-3500 Angstrom, which can make the estimation of quasar continua highly uncertain unless large ranges in wavelength are observed. An electronic table of the median quasar template is available. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vanden Berk, DE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 91 TC 928 Z9 929 U1 3 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 122 IS 2 BP 549 EP 564 DI 10.1086/321167 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 462PQ UT WOS:000170429300004 ER PT J AU Curdt, W Brekke, P Feldman, U Wilhelm, K Dwivedi, BN Schuhle, U Lemaire, P AF Curdt, W Brekke, P Feldman, U Wilhelm, K Dwivedi, BN Schuhle, U Lemaire, P TI The SUMER spectral atlas of solar-disk features SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : UV radiation; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : transition region; Sun : corona; line : identification; atlases ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; QUIET-SUN; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SOHO MISSION; TELESCOPE; LINES; EMISSION; UV; SPECTROGRAPH AB A far-ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet (FUV, EUV) spectral atlas of the Sun between 670 Angstrom and 1609 Angstrom in the first order of diffraction has been derived from observations obtained with the SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) spectrograph on the spacecraft SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory). The atlas contains spectra of the average quiet Sun, a coronal hole and a sunspot on the disk. Different physical parameters prevalent in the bright network (BN) and in the cell interior (CI)-contributing in a distinct manner to the average quiet-Sun emission-have their imprint on the BN/CI ratio, which is also shown for almost the entire spectral range. With a few exceptions, all major lines are given with their identifications and wavelengths. Lines that appear in second order are superimposed on the first order spectra. These lines are clearly marked in the atlas. The spectra include emissions from atoms and ions in the temperature range 6 x 10(3) K to 2 x 10(6) K, i.e., continua and emission lines emitted from the lower chromosphere to the corona. This spectral atlas, with its broad wavelength coverage, provides a rich source of new diagnostic tools to study the physical parameters in the chromosphere, the transition region and the corona. In particular, the wavelength range below 1100 Angstrom as observed by SUMER represents a significant improvement over the spectra produced in the past. In view of the manifold appearance and temporal variation of the solar atmosphere, it is obvious that our atlas can only be a-hopefully typical-snapshot. Brief descriptions of the data reduction and calibration procedures are given. The spectral radiances are determined with a relative uncertainty of 0.15 to 0.30 (1 sigma) and the wavelength scale is accurate to typically 10 m Angstrom. The atlas is also available in a machine readable form. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo 3, Norway. NASA, ESA, Dept Space Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, CNRS, Unite Mixte, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Curdt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. EM curdt@linmpi.mpg.de NR 64 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 14 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 375 IS 2 BP 591 EP 613 DI 10.1051/004-6361:20010364 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 458VL UT WOS:000170216100027 ER PT J AU Gontier, AM Le Bail, K Feissel, M Eubanks, TM AF Gontier, AM Le Bail, K Feissel, M Eubanks, TM TI Stability of the extragalactic VLBI reference frame SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quasars; techniques : interferometric; astrometry; reference systems ID ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY AB The qualification and the maintenance of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) source directions are currently based on global statistics regarding the complete data set of VLBI observations of extragalactic radio sources. The founding hypothesis in the selection of extragalactic objects to access a quasi-inertial reference system is that their directions are fixed in space. Therefore the study of the time variability of the sources is an important step in the process of checking and improving the reliability of the ICRF, in view of high precision applications such as Earth rotation studies or the unification with future space astrometry results. In this paper we investigate the systematic and random behaviours in time series of individual determinations of coordinates for several hundred sources over 1987-1999. New criteria for the qualification of sources in a future revision of the ICRF are proposed. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR8630, F-75014 Paris, France. Inst Geog Natl, LAREG, F-77455 Champigny Sur Marne 2, Marne La Vallee, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Gontier, AM (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR8630, 61 Av Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM Anne-Marie.Gontier@obspm.fr NR 15 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 375 IS 2 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20010707 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 458VL UT WOS:000170216100034 ER PT J AU Morill, JS Dere, KP Korendyke, CM AF Morill, JS Dere, KP Korendyke, CM TI The sources of solar ultraviolet variability between 2765 and 2885 angstrom: MgI, MgII, SiI, and continuum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : faculae, plages; sunspots; Sun : UV radiation ID IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; CHROMOSPHERIC PLAGES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FAR ULTRAVIOLET; K LINES; II-H; MODELS; FLUX; NM; ATMOSPHERE AB The variation of the solar spectrum between 2000 and 4000 Angstrom is a major component of the total irradiance variability of the Sun. Recent analyses suggest that variations in the solar ultraviolet flux at these wavelengths account for about 30% of the total solar irradiance variability. Most estimates of solar spectral irradiance variability in the ultraviolet are based on the ratio of the intensity of features such as solar plages and sunspots to the intensity of the quiet Sun. These ratios are referred to as contrast factors. To a large degree, contrast factors at ultraviolet wavelengths have not been measured. We present measurements of the average intensities of plage, sunspot, and quiet-Sun regions in the spectral range between 2765 and 2885 Angstrom, derived from high spatial and spectral resolution spectra obtained during the ninth rocket flight of the High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph in 1995. From these average spectra, plage and sunspot contrast factors are determined. To our knowledge, these are the first contrast factors. at these wavelengths derived from measured solar intensities. These spectra show a large contrast in the Mg I, Mg II, and Si I Fraunhofer lines and a much smaller contrast (1.01 +/- 0.015 to 1.04 +/- 0.04) in the line-blanketed continuum. Contrast factors are also determined for three intensity levels of the quiet Sun as well as for a single sunspot. Many fine spectral features in the contrast factors can be attributed to weak Fraunhofer lines of Cr II, Fe I, Fe II, and Mg I. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morill, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 557 IS 2 BP 854 EP 863 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 467LN UT WOS:000170704800034 ER PT J AU Muno, MP Remillard, RA Morgan, EH Waltman, EB Dhawan, V Hjellming, RM Pooley, G AF Muno, MP Remillard, RA Morgan, EH Waltman, EB Dhawan, V Hjellming, RM Pooley, G TI Radio emission and the timing properties of the hard X-ray state of GRS 1915+105 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics stars : individual (GRS 1915+105); X-rays : stars ID BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATE; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; PHASE-LAG VARIABILITY; ACCRETION DISKS; CYGNUS X-1; SOURCE GRS-1915+105; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE; RXTE OBSERVATIONS; COMPACT OBJECTS AB We combine a complete sample of 113 pointed observations taken with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer between 1996 and 1999, monitoring observations taken with the Ryle Telescope and the Green Bank Interferometer, and selected observations with the Very Large Array to study the radio and X-ray properties of GRS 1915+105 when its X-ray emission is hard and steady. We establish that radio emission always accompanies the hard-steady state of GRS 1915+105 but that the radio flux density at 15.2 GHz and the X-ray flux between 2 and 200 keV are not correlated. Therefore, we study the X-ray spectral and timing properties of GRS 1915+105 using three approaches: first by describing in detail the properties of three characteristic observations, then by displaying the time evolution of the timing properties during periods of both faint and bright radio emission, and lastly by plotting the timing properties as a function of the radio flux density. We find that as the radio emission becomes brighter and more optically thick, (1) the frequency of a ubiquitous 0.5-10 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) decreases (2) the Fourier phase lags between hard (11.5-60 keV) and soft (2-4.3 keV) in the frequency range of 0.01-10 Hz change sign from negative to positive, (3) the coherence between hard and soft photons at low frequencies decreases, and (4) the relative amount of low-frequency power in hard photons compared to soft photons decreases. We discuss how these results reflect upon basic models from the literature describing the accretion flow around black holes and the possible connection between Comptonizing electrons and compact radio jets. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Muno, MP (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 68 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 2 BP 515 EP 532 DI 10.1086/321604 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 462NC UT WOS:000170425300001 ER PT J AU Landi, E Doron, R Feldman, U Doschek, GA AF Landi, E Doron, R Feldman, U Doschek, GA TI Intensity ratios between the 2s(2) S-1(0)-2s2p P-3(1) and 2s(2)p P-1(1)-2p(2) D-1(2), transitions in Be-like ions as electron temperature indicators for solar upper atmosphere plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID IMPACT EXCITATION RATES; SUN CORONAL PLASMAS; EMISSION-LINES; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; EQUATORIAL PLANE; ATOMIC DATABASE; N=3 LEVELS; AL-III; NE-VII AB We investigate the relative intensities of the two moderately bright Be-like 2s(2) S-1(0)-2s2p P-3(1) and 2s2p P-1(1)-2p(2) D-1(2) lines as a function of electron temperature. We show that the intensity ratios of the lines in the beryllium isoelectronic sequence from C III to Ni XXV ions can serve as sensitive temperature indicators for a large variety of solar plasmas. While the C III-Ne VII lines can be used to diagnose unresolved fine structures in relatively cold solar atmosphere plasmas [(1-5) x 10(5) K], the Na VIII-Ar XV ions can be used to diagnose coronal plasmas [(0.8-3) x 10(6) K], and Ca XVII-Ni XXV lines are useful to measure the temperature in flaring plasmas [(5-16) x 10(7) K]. We investigate the effects on the temperature determination caused by varying the number of energy levels that are included in the atomic model for the considered ions. It is found that a model that includes the 2l2l' and 2l3l' configurations is sufficient for adequately describing the relevant level populations of the Be-like ions in coronal conditions. We compare theoretical ratios obtained using collisional cross section and transition probability values derived by different theoretical methods. The atomic data are obtained from the CHIANTI database, the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC) suite of programs, and other available sources in the literature. Finally, we use spectra of an apparently isothermal coronal plasma observed by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory to determine the electron temperature of streamer plasma using the HULLAC and CHIANTI atomic data sets. The result is compared with the temperature derived in an earlier study using different methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 2 BP 912 EP 918 DI 10.1086/321599 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 462NC UT WOS:000170425300031 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Gao, S Hoppel, W Frick, G Caffrey, P Leaitch, WR Shantz, N Ambrusko, J Albrechcinski, T AF Hegg, DA Gao, S Hoppel, W Frick, G Caffrey, P Leaitch, WR Shantz, N Ambrusko, J Albrechcinski, T TI Laboratory studies of the efficiency of selected organic aerosols as CCN SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE organic aerosols; CCN activation ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SULFATE; DROPLETS; OZONE; AIR AB Experiments were conducted in the large (600 m(3)) expansion chamber of the Calspan Corporation to test the efficiency of selected organic aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Solutions of pinonic acid WA), ammonium sulfate (AS) (as a benchmark), and a mixture of both were nebulized and used for initial CCN spectra, as were products of cyclohexene and ct-pinene oxidation by ozone. Measurements of the resulting aerosols were made with both particle-sizing instruments and a cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) counter. Activated cloud drop number concentrations (CDNC) were determined during chamber expansion by standard laser-scattering probes. The results support the contention that the presence of sparingly soluble organic components in aerosols significantly affect the rate at which these aerosols activate to form cloud drops. However, even the organic aerosols eventually fully activated to the extent expected due to size assuming complete solubility. It is only the time necessary to activate them which is altered and the atmospheric significance of this kinetic effect of organics is not yet clear. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. Calspan UB Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, POB 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 58 IS 3 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00099-0 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 480WT UT WOS:000171487100001 ER PT J AU Shender, BS AF Shender, BS TI Human tolerance to Gz acceleration loads generated in high-performance helicopters SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace-Medical-Association CY MAY 17-21, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Aerosp Med Assoc DE helicopters; G-tolerance; cardiovascular; Almost Loss of Consciousness; flight simulation; Gz transition ID AIRCREW AB Background. As the Gz capabilities of tactical helicopters increase, the risk to unprotected helicopter aircrew resulting from the physiologic response to transitions from -1 Gz (push) to +4.5 Gz (pull) loads needs to be addressed. Methods: There were 9 volunteers who participated in a study conducted at the Veridian Operations Centrifuge Facility in Warminster, PA. A 1-h mission scenario consisting of nine helicopter maneuvers, based on inflight G measurements (push-pull mission, PPM), simulated both current (CM: -0.2 to +3.5 Gz) and projected future platform capabilities (FM: -1 Cz to +4.5 Gz). Additional scenarios were run in which push transitions were limited to +1 Gz (GM). Measurements included blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), loss of vision, and subjective fatigue. Results: Visual decrements were minimal during CM while muscular tensing was required to avoid blackout during FM. Light loss typically occurred during the transition from -Gz to +Gz. Within the scope of these tests, subjects tolerated the range of Gz stresses associated with current U.S. Navy rotary wing platforms. When subjected to FM G-loads (typical of current U.S, Army high-performance platforms), cardiovascular stress significantly increased, Gz tolerance dropped as much as 1.2 G, and HR increased as much as 67 bpm. Cardiovascular changes were significantly greater during FM PPM relative to GM. Four subjects reported Almost-Loss of Consciousness (A-LOC) symptoms during FM. Conclusions: While G-stress experienced by aircrew generated by current helicopters does not appear to present a high risk, G-awareness training is recommended to reduce risks to aircrew exposed to G-loads generated by more aggressive helicopters. Future studies are required to determine the impact of longer mission times and dehydration. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, S Engn Ctr,Crew Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, S Engn Ctr,Crew Syst Dept, Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM ShenderBS@navair.navy.mil NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 693 EP 703 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 459JQ UT WOS:000170247600001 PM 11506230 ER PT J AU Sikora, TD Porter, DL Babin, SM Wisecup, MD AF Sikora, TD Porter, DL Babin, SM Wisecup, MD TI Observations of a progressive warm-fresh oceanic front and a cool-moist atmospheric front at Duck, North Carolina SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE air-sea interaction; fronts; marine atmospheric boundary layer ID SEA INTERACTION EXPERIMENT; APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GULF-STREAM; SURFACE; AIRBORNE AB This paper presents a unique set of observations of nearly coincident and progressive oceanic and marine atmospheric boundary-layer (MABL) fronts in a coastal zone. The event was observed during the afternoon of 12 May 1996 at the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Field Research Facility pier at Duck, North Carolina. The oceanic front was warm and fresh. Current variability accompanied the oceanic front. A marked MABL front preceded the oceanic front by several minutes and had characteristics of a sea-breeze front. This MABL front separated warmer and dryer pre-frontal air from cooler and moister post-frontal air. Wind direction and wind speed variability accompanied the MABL front. The sea-surface roughness signatures of both fronts were detected by an X-band pulsed Doppler radar. Supporting data are used to identify each front detected by the radar and to calculate each front's velocity. In an attempt to explain the sea-surface roughness variations associated with each front, the radar data are compared to corresponding variations in wind speed, wind direction, and air-sea temperature difference. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 100 IS 2 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1023/A:1019263104888 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 443EE UT WOS:000169326600009 ER PT J AU Bierley, RA Drake, AI Ahmed, S Date, ES Rosner, M Warden, D Salazar, AM AF Bierley, RA Drake, AI Ahmed, S Date, ES Rosner, M Warden, D Salazar, AM CA Defense Veterans Head Injury Prog TI Biased responding: a case series demonstrating a relationship between somatic symptoms and impaired recognition memory performance for traumatic brain injured individuals SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article ID VERBAL-LEARNING TEST; HEAD-INJURY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION; BELIEVABLE DEFICITS; VALIDITY; CAPACITY; AMNESIA AB Biased responding on the Sternberg Recognition Memory Test was observed in four patients with traumatic brain injury. None of these individuals met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual's (DSM-IV) criteria for malingering. Individual recognition memory scores were high shortly after injury, declined to chance or below at the 6- and 12-month evaluations, and then showed substantial recovery by the 24-month evaluation. Recall memory performance actually declined slightly across this same 2-year period. Recognition memory scores were related to the extent to which the patients endorsed somatic items on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Poor performance was associated with high somatic scores. The relationship between memory and somatic scores on the HAM-D in this case series suggests that unconscious processes can influence memory performance and, because of this, that clinicians should not use such performance as a primary indicator of malingering. More importantly, biased responding and actual memory deficits may coexist. This is indicated in the current cases by the failure of recall memory to improve during the 2 years these patients were followed. C1 Permanente Med Grp Inc, Dept Psychiat, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Bierley, RA (reprint author), Permanente Med Grp Inc, Dept Psychiat, 1150 Vet Blvd, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. OI Grafman, Jordan H./0000-0001-8645-4457; Litvan, Irene/0000-0002-3485-3445 NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 15 IS 8 BP 697 EP 714 DI 10.1080/02699050010013671 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 462ZJ UT WOS:000170452100004 PM 11485610 ER PT J AU Sikora, TD Young, GS O'Marr, EE Gasparovic, RF AF Sikora, TD Young, GS O'Marr, EE Gasparovic, RF TI Anomalous cloud lines over the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SHIP TRACKS AB This exploratory paper develops the basis for two hypotheses concerning the mechanism responsible for anomalous cloud lines often seen in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer imagery of the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays in cold air outbreak regimes. One explanation is that these cloud lines are forced in the same manner as Great Lakes lake-effect midlake cloud lines. An alternate, albeit more speculative, explanation is that at least some of the cloud lines in question are ship tracks. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI OTTAWA PA 1685 RUSSELL RD, UNIT 1-R, OTTAWA, ON K1G 0N1, CANADA SN 0703-8992 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 320 EP 327 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 502XM UT WOS:000172768100005 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Singh, A AF Stanish, I Singh, A TI Highly stable vesicles composed of a new chain-terminus acetylenic photopolymeric phospholipid SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE polymerizable phospholipid; ethanol stability; non-chromophoric acetylenic lipid; conjugation; liposome; freeze-dry; gamma-radiation ID METAL-SORBING VESICLES; ETHANOL; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; LIPOSOME; SURFACE; VITRO; SIZE AB Stability, ease of production, and storage convenience were addressed for polymerized vesicles composed of 1,2-bis(trideca-12-ynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The following vesicle properties were investigated before and after polymerization: size, shape, lamellarity, dispersity, degree of polymerization, membrane fluidity, and structural stability. A fairly monodisperse, unilamellar sub-micron vesicle suspension undergoes nearly complete polymerization of the chain-terminus acetylenic to polyacetylenic conversion as monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography provide additional evidence for extensive lipid polymerization. Using differential scanning calorimetry, a gel/liquid transition was not observed for either polymerized or non-polymerized vesicles within the temperature range of 5-65 degreesC. These polymerized vesicles remained structurally stable and suspended for months at room temperature. However, vesicle size did decrease with increasing degree of polymerization. Polymerized vesicles remained spherical but decreased in size by 15% when subjected to 52 wt.% aqueous ethanol and did not change significantly in size and dispersity after a freeze-dry/resuspend cycle. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930,Overlook Ave 4555, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@ccsalpha3.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD AUG PY 2001 VL 112 IS 2 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0009-3084(01)00173-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 478LN UT WOS:000171347800001 PM 11551534 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Weidemann, A Pegau, WS AF Johnson, DR Weidemann, A Pegau, WS TI Internal tidal bores and bottom nepheloid layers SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boundary layers; internal tides; optical properties; ocean currents ID SHOREWARD TRANSPORT; SOLITARY WAVES; SURFACE SLICKS; SHELF; LARVAE; INVERTEBRATES; GENERATION; SOLITONS; CYPRIDS; FISH AB During a littoral optical environment project field study in shallow water off Oceanside, California, large spikes in optical attenuation (dominated by suspended particles) were observed in a near-bottom mooring. Using moored current meters together with aircraft remote imaging overflights and profiling anchor stations, we established that the spikes were associated with the trailing edges of internal solitary waves of depression of tidal frequency. Each trailing edge had a bore-like face with strong convergent bottom currents followed by a rank-ordered packet of solitons. The near bottom optical attenuation spikes were correlated with these bottom convergent currents at the trailing edge and were not correlated with high bottom stress. Higher optical attenuation was also found near surface at the leading edge of the internal solitary wave of depression. We suggest that in a similar manner to the accumulation and shoreward transport of particles in a surface convergence area (e.g., slick lines), the bottom convergence area at the trailing edge also accumulates and transports particles shoreward. Bottom convergence must be associated with vertical motions which can help in lifting the nepheloid layer off the bottom. This scenario has implications for near bottom optical searches. for transport of non-buoyant zooplankton and for sediment redistribution. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 21 IS 13-14 BP 1473 EP 1484 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00109-6 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 466FU UT WOS:000170635000008 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Miller, C Meehan, K McKinlay, J Sajben, P Trafeli, JP Barnette, DJ AF Ross, EV Miller, C Meehan, K McKinlay, J Sajben, P Trafeli, JP Barnette, DJ TI One-pass CO2 versus multiple-pass Er : YAG laser resurfacing in the treatment of rhytides: A comparison side-by-side study of pulsed CO2 and Er : YAG lasers SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; ERBIUM-YAG; WOUND CONTRACTION; THERMAL-DAMAGE; SKIN ABLATION; SURGERY AB Background. The CO2 laser is normally described as an aggressive resurfacing tool, whereas the erbium:YAG laser has enjoyed a reputation as the ideal tool for superficial resurfacing. The implication from many studies is that the CO2 laser is incapable of "minimally invasive" resurfacing. Objective. To compare a short-pulsed CO2 laser with an Er: YAG laser over a range of parameters intended to produce equivalent microscopic and clinical injuries. Methods. A prospective, randomized, comparative interventional trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Thirteen patients with facial wrinkles were enrolled in the study. A side-by-side comparison was performed using periorbital and perioral regions as treatment sites. One side was treated with a pulsed CO2 laser and the other with an Er-YAG laser. Postauricular skin was treated in an identical fashion to the study sites and biopsied for microscopic analysis. The biopsies were obtained before treatment, immediately after treatment, and either 3 or 6 months after treatment to evaluate the acute level of injury and subsequent degree of fibroplasia. Photographs were taken at baseline, immediately after treatment, 1, 2, and 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Nine physicians evaluated the photographs for erythemia, pigmentation, and wrinkle improvement. Results. Investigator assessment showed no statistically significant differences between the lasers with respect to hyperpigmentation and wrinkle reduction. There was less erythema at the CO2 laser-treated sites 2 weeks after treatment; the differences had resolved by 6 weeks after treatment. Histologic examination demonstrated equivalent dermal thermal injury on immediate postoperative biopsies and equivalent fibroplasia on subsequent biopsies. Both CO2 and Er:YAG laser-treated sites showed overall modest wrinkle improvement compared to the pretreatment photographs. Conclusion. When CO2 and Er:YAG lasers are used in a manner such that there are equivalent immediate postoperative histologic results, equivalent healing and cosmetic improvement occurs. One can Use CO2 laser with one pass to mimic a moderately aggressive Er:YAG laser treatment. C1 USN, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 27 IS 8 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.01015.x PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 460EA UT WOS:000170294200003 PM 11493293 ER PT J AU Mazin, II AF Mazin, II TI Tunneling of Bloch electrons through vacuum barrier SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT; SRRUO3 AB Tunneling of Bloch electrons through a vacuum barrier introduces new physical effects in comparison with the textbook case of free (plane wave) electrons. For the latter, the exponential decay rate in the vacuum is minimal for electrons with the parallel component of momentum k(parallel to) = 0, and the prefactor is defined by the electron momentum component in the normal to the surface direction. However, the decay rate of Bloch electrons may be minimal at an arbitrary k(parallel to) ("hot spots"), and the prefactor is determined by the electron's group velocity, rather than by its quasimomentum. We illustrate this by first-principles calculations for (110) Pd surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00414-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454TQ UT WOS:000169988200016 ER PT J AU Gao, X Dodds, RH Tregoning, RL Joyce, JA AF Gao, X Dodds, RH Tregoning, RL Joyce, JA TI Weibull stress model for cleavage fracture under high-rate loading SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE cleavage fracture; finite elements; loading rate; toughness scaling; Weibull stress ID LOCAL APPROACH; INCORPORATING STATISTICS; TRANSGRANULAR CLEAVAGE; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; DUCTILE; TRANSITION; PARAMETERS; CONSTRAINT; TOUGHNESS; TEMPERATURE AB This paper examines the effects of loading rate on the Weibull stress model for prediction of cleavage fracture in a low-strength, A515-70 pressure vessel steel. Interest focuses on low-to-moderate loading rates ((K)over dot(1) < 2500 m s(-1)). Shallow cracked SE(B) specimens were tested at four different loading rates for comparison with previous quasi-static tests on shallow notch SE(B)s and standard C(T)s. To utilize these dynamic experimental data, we assume that the Weibull modulus (m) previously calibrated using quasi-static data remains invariant over the loading rates of interest. The effects of dynamic loading on the Weibull stress model enter through the rate-sensitive material flow properties, the scale parameter (sigma (u)) and the threshold Weibull stress (sigma (w-min)). Rate-sensitive flow properties are modelled using a viscoplastic constitutive model with uniaxial, tension stress-plastic strain curves specified at varying plastic strain rates. The analyses examine dependencies of sigma (w-min) and sigma (u) on (K)over dot(1). Present results indicate that sigma (w-min) and sigma (u) are weak functions of loading rate (K)over dot(1) for this pressure vessel steel. However, the predicted cumulative probability for cleavage exhibits a strong sensitivity to sigma (u) and, consequently, the dependency of sigma (u) on (K)over dot(1) is sufficient to preclude use of the static sigma (u) value for high loading rates. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, MT Geoffrey Yeh Chair Civil Engn, Newmark Lab 2129, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Fatigue & Fracture Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dodds, RH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, MT Geoffrey Yeh Chair Civil Engn, Newmark Lab 2129, MC-250,205 N Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM r-dodds@uiuc.edu NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-758X EI 1460-2695 J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 8 BP 551 EP 564 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00421.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 475TP UT WOS:000171184200004 ER PT J AU Steele, M Ermold, W Hakkinen, S Holland, D Holloway, G Karcher, M Kauker, F Maslowski, W Steiner, N AF Steele, M Ermold, W Hakkinen, S Holland, D Holloway, G Karcher, M Kauker, F Maslowski, W Steiner, N TI Adrift in the Beaufort Gyre: A model intercomparison SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; SEA-ICE; DYNAMICS; HALOCLINE AB Output from six regional sea ice-ocean climate model simulations of the arctic seas is compared to investigate the models' ability to accurately reproduce the observed late winter mean sea surface salinity. The results indicate general agreement within the Nordic seas, strong differences on the arctic continental shelves, and the presence of a climate drift that leads to a high salinity bias in most models within the Beaufort Gyre. The latter is highly sensitive to the wind forcing and to the simulation of freshwater sources on the shelves and elsewhere. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Steele, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM mas@apl.washington.edu RI Hakkinen, Sirpa/E-1461-2012 NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 15 BP 2935 EP 2938 DI 10.1029/2001GL012845 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 457VK UT WOS:000170157400016 ER PT J AU Rauscher, C AF Rauscher, C TI Varactor-tuned active notch filter with low passband noise and signal distortion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE band reject; channelized; microwave active filter; miniature; notch; tunable ID BANDPASS-FILTERS; TRANSVERSAL AB The frequency-tunable band-reject filter described in this paper is designed to suppress signal interference in receivers of frequency-agile systems, while offering maximum transparency at passband frequencies. The presented solution is based on a new channelized-active-filter architecture in which the portion of the circuit that determines passband behavior is free of semiconductor devices. This permits passband residual noise and intermodulation distortion to be reduced to that of a simple nonresonant passive network. The concept is demonstrated with a varactor-tuned hybrid-integrated filter whose 40-dB-deep rejection notch of constant 70-MHz width can be tuned over a 9.5-10.5-GHz frequency span. Included are measurements of pertinent small-signal transfer characteristics and noise properties, as well as detailed assessments of nonlinear effects, such as third-order intermodulation distortion and compression of notch depth as a function of drive level. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rauscher, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1431 EP 1437 DI 10.1109/22.939923 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 462WY UT WOS:000170443800010 ER PT J AU Johnson, WN Grove, JE Phlips, BF Ampe, J Singh, S Ponslet, E AF Johnson, WN Grove, JE Phlips, BF Ampe, J Singh, S Ponslet, E TI The construction and performance of the CsI hodoscopic calorimeter for the GLAST beam test engineering module SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE astronomical satellites; calorimetry; gamma rays; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; gamma-ray detectors; scintillation detectors AB We describe the design, construction, and performance of the CsI hodoscopic calorimeter of the GLAST beam test engineering module (BTEM), a full-size prototype of one of the 16 towers of the GLAST large-area telescope, approved by NASA to be launched in 2005. The calorimeter is composed of 80 CsI crystals organized in a hodoscopic arrangement with eight layers of ten crystals. The crystals are read out with PIN photodiodes at both ends. Light tapering along the length of the crystals produces an asymmetry in the light measured at the ends. The asymmetry is used for interaction positioning along the length of each crystal. The major design goals included the demonstration of a mechanical design to survive launch into space with minimal passive material, low power electronics with a dynamic range of similar to5 x 10(5), and digital data acquisition with < 20 mus dead time per event. We will describe the design and give results from the analysis of the beam test in winter 1999/2000 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, where the BTEM was tested in gamma, positron, and hadron beams. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Hytec Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Johnson, WN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1189 DI 10.1109/23.958747 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483XC UT WOS:000171660300046 ER PT J AU Jones, E Runkle, P Dasgupta, N Couchman, L Carin, L AF Jones, E Runkle, P Dasgupta, N Couchman, L Carin, L TI Genetic algorithm wavelet design for signal classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; wavelets; classification ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; IDENTIFICATION AB Biorthogonal wavelets are applied to parse multiaspect transient scattering data in the context of signal classification. A language-based genetic algorithm is used to design wavelet filters that enhance classification performance. The biorthogonal wavelets are implemented via the lifting procedure and the optimization is carried out using a classification-based cost function. Example results are presented for target classification using measured scattering data. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Naval Res Lab, Phys Acoust, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, E (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM couchman@nrl.navy.mil; lcarin@ee.duke.edu NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 23 IS 8 BP 890 EP 895 DI 10.1109/34.946991 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 460AH UT WOS:000170283300008 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM AF Manheimer, WM TI Uniform plasma model of shot noise in gyroklystrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyclotron shot noise; gyroclystron; shot noise ID SPACE-CHARGE INSTABILITIES; GYROTRON BEAMS; AVERAGE POWER; AMPLIFIER; AMPLIFICATION AB Theoretical estimates of electron cyclotron shot noise in gyroklystrons have recently been confirmed at low currents. However, at high beam current, the noise temperature is always reduced. We examine the effect of transverse collective effects on the shot noise. There are two collective effects; shielding, which reduces the noise; and instability, which increases it. It is shown that the effect of transverse shielding is negligible unless the gyrotron beam is extremely cold. Regarding instability, if the bare shot noise amplitude is denoted Xi, then the shot noise, including the effect of instability, can be expressed as Xi (1 + A exp Gamma), where Gamma is the integrated growth. The effect of instability is then measured by two parameters, Gamma and A. For a cold gyrotron beam, A is about 0.3, meaning about 10 dB of power growth is needed for the instability to manifest itself. Thermal effects both reduce A and Gamma. For realistic gyrotron beams, about 20-25 dB of power e folds would be necessary for instability to manifest itself. To summarize, the theory developed here explains the absence of instability in the measurements, but indicates that phenomena other than transverse shielding are responsible for the noise reduction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6707, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1109/27.940959 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 465CF UT WOS:000170571500011 ER PT J AU Joshi, MB Gam, AA Boykins, RA Kumar, S Sacci, J Hoffman, SL Nakhasi, HL Kenney, RT AF Joshi, MB Gam, AA Boykins, RA Kumar, S Sacci, J Hoffman, SL Nakhasi, HL Kenney, RT TI Immunogenicity of well-characterized synthetic Plasmodium falciparum multiple antigen peptide conjugates SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID YOELII CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; LIVER-STAGE ANTIGEN-1; T-CELL EPITOPES; MALARIA VACCINE; B-CELL; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIBODIES; DESIGN; MICE AB Given the emerging difficulties with malaria drug resistance and vector control, as well as the persistent lack of an effective vaccine, new malaria vaccine development strategies are needed. We used a novel methodology to synthesize and fully characterize multiple antigen peptide (MAP) conjugates containing protective epitopes from Plasmodium falciparum and evaluated their immunogenicity in four different strains of mice. A di-epitope MAP (T3-T1) containing two T-cell epitopes of liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1), a di-epitope MAP containing T-cell epitopes from LSA-1 and from merozoite surface protein-1, and a tri-epitope MAP (T3-CS-T1) containing T3-T1 and a potent B-cell epitope from the circumsporozoite protein central repeat region were tested in this study. Mice of all four strains produced peptide-specific antibodies; however, the magnitude of the humoral response indicated strong genetic restriction between the different strains of mice. Anti-MAP antibodies recognized stage-specific proteins on the malaria parasites in an immunofluorescence assay. In addition, serum from hybrid BALB/cJ x A/J CAF1 mice that had been immunized with the tri-epitope MAP T3-CS-T1 successfully inhibited the malaria sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells in vitro. Spleen cells from immunized mice also showed a genetically restricted cellular immune response when stimulated with the immunogen in vitro. This study indicates that well-characterized MAPS combining solid-phase synthesis and conjugation chemistries are potent immunogens and that this approach can be utilized for the development of subunit vaccines. C1 US FDA, Lab Parasit Biol & Biochem, Off Vaccine Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. US FDA, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Off Blood Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kenney, RT (reprint author), IOMAI Corp, 20 Firstfield Rd,Suite 250, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4884 EP 4890 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.8.4884-4890.2001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 456UP UT WOS:000170100900024 PM 11447164 ER PT J AU Santos, IKFD Costa, CHN Krieger, H Feitosa, MF Zurakowski, D Fardin, B Gomes, RBB Weiner, DL Harn, DA Ezekowitz, RAB Epstein, JE AF Santos, IKFD Costa, CHN Krieger, H Feitosa, MF Zurakowski, D Fardin, B Gomes, RBB Weiner, DL Harn, DA Ezekowitz, RAB Epstein, JE TI Mannan-binding lectin enhances susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INNATE IMMUNITY; T-CELLS; PROTEIN; GENE; INTERLEUKIN-6; MACROPHAGES; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; INDUCTION; VARIANTS AB Levels of the serum opsonin mannan-binding lectin (MBL) were directly correlated with the probability of developing visceral leishmaniasis. Monocytes infected with MBL-opsonized Leishmania chagasi promastigotes secreted higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 than cells infected with nonopsonized parasites. Our findings indicate that MBL can modulate the clinical outcome of infection with L. chagasi and the function of infected macrophages. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Fed Piaui, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Dept Med Comunitaria, BR-64000 Teresina, PI, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Parasitol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. FIOCRUZ, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Genet, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Lab Dev Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Epstein, JE (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI de Miranda Santos, Isabel/B-7597-2012; de Miranda Santos, Isabel/D-5261-2016 OI de Miranda Santos, Isabel/0000-0002-0438-4430; FU NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD000850, K12-HD00850] NR 32 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 69 IS 8 BP 5212 EP 5215 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 456UP UT WOS:000170100900070 PM 11447210 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM AF Bollt, EM TI Combinatorial control of global dynamics in a chaotic differential equation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article ID FROBENIUS-PERRON PROBLEM; TIME-SERIES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DIRECT TRAJECTORIES; PERIODIC-ORBITS; STRANGE SETS; SYNCHRONIZATION; TRANSFORMATIONS; INVARIANT; SYSTEMS AB Controlling chaos has been an extremely active area of research in applied dynamical systems, following the introduction of the Ott, Grebogi, Yorke (OGY) technique in 1990 [Ott et al., 1990], but most of this research based on parametric feedback control uses local techniques. Associated with a dynamical system which pushes forward initial conditions in time, transfer operators, including the Frobenius-Perron operator, are associated dynamical systems which push forward ensemble distributions of initial conditions. In [Bollt, 2000a, 2000b; Bollt & Kostelich, 1998], we have shown that such global representations of a discrete dynamical system are useful in controlling certain aspects of a chaotic dynamical system which could only be accessible through such a global representation. Such aspects include invariant measure targeting, as well as orbit targeting. In this paper, we develop techniques to show that our previously discrete time techniques are accessible also to a differential equation. We focus on the Duffing oscillator as an example. We also show that a recent extension of our techniques by Gora and Boyarsky [1999] can be further simplified and represented in a convenient and compact way by using a tensor product. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bollt@nadn.navy.mil NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 EI 1793-6551 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD AUG PY 2001 VL 11 IS 8 BP 2145 EP 2162 DI 10.1142/S0218127401003401 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 484GG UT WOS:000171681400007 ER PT J AU Singh, BK Singh, AK Imam, AM Srivastava, ON AF Singh, BK Singh, AK Imam, AM Srivastava, ON TI On the structural characteristics and hydrogenation behaviour of TiMn1.5 hydrogen storage material SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article AB We report our investigations done on TiMn1.5 intermetallics in relation to hydrogen storage behaviour. TiMn1.5 is known to exhibit the clear plateau in the series TiMn2-x (x = 0-1.25). This communication describes the synthesis of TiMn1.5 by using r.f. induction furnace and characterization by employing, X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy and Sievert's apparatus for hydrogen desorption characteristics. The correlation between the microstructural characteristics and the hydrogenation behaviour for TiMn1.5 is discussed. The clarity of the plateau pressure is supported by the occurrence of ordered superstructure in the partially hydrogenated sample. The superstructure has the periodicity a(mod) = (8/root3)a(parent). Electron micrographs of the hydrogenated samples at successive stages showed dendritic rupturing of the as-synthesized TiMn1.5. A model has been proposed to explain the stability and hydrogenation behaviour of TiMn1.5 with a modified structure in which Ti atoms substitute for Mn vacancy and at the same time softens the void to accommodate hydrogen. (C) 2001 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Singh, BK (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2001 VL 26 IS 8 BP 817 EP 821 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(01)00012-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 456FW UT WOS:000170073300004 ER PT J AU Asif, SAS Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ Warren, OL AF Asif, SAS Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ Warren, OL TI Quantitative imaging of nanoscale mechanical properties using hybrid nanoindentation and force modulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOMETER-SCALE; MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; PROBE; ADHESION; FRICTION; CONTACT; INDENTATION; TRANSDUCER; RESOLUTION AB In this article, we present a quantitative stiffness imaging technique and demonstrate its use to directly map the dynamic mechanical properties of materials with nanometer-scale lateral resolution. For the experiments, we use a "hybrid" nanoindenter, coupling depth-sensing nanoindentation with scanning probe imaging capabilities. Force modulation electronics have been added, enhancing instrument sensitivity and enabling measurements of time dependent materials properties (e.g., loss modulus and damping coefficient) not readily obtained with quasi-static indentation techniques. Tip-sample interaction stiffness images are acquired by superimposing a sinusoidal force (similar to1 muN) onto the quasi-static imaging force (1.5-2 muN), and recording the displacement amplitude and phase as the surface is scanned. Combining a dynamic model of the indenter (having known mass, damping coefficient, spring stiffness, resonance frequency, and modulation frequency) with the response of the tip-surface interaction, creates maps of complex stiffness. We demonstrate the use of this approach to obtain quantitative storage and loss stiffness images of a fiber-epoxy composite, as well as directly determine the loss and storage moduli from the images using Hertzian contact mechanics. Moduli differences as small as 20% were resolved in the images at loads two orders of magnitude lower than with indentation, and were consistent with measurements made using conventional quasi-static depth-sensing indentation techniques. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55439 USA. RP Asif, SAS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 49 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1192 EP 1200 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PR UT WOS:000169868300015 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Uchino, K Shen, M Viehland, D AF Chen, YH Uchino, K Shen, M Viehland, D TI Substituent effects on the mechanical quality factor of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 and Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3-PbTiO3 ceramics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; FERROELECTRICS AB The mechanical quality factor of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT) and Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3-PbTiO3(PSN-PT) ceramics have been investigated for compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary. Investigations were performed for various types of lower valent substituents on the B-site cation. These investigations have shown significant differences between the modified PMN-PT and PSN-PT crystalline solutions. In PMN-PT, lower valent substitutents had little effect upon the mechanical quality factor; however in PSN-PT it was found to be significantly increased. A crystal chemical approach is then used to explain these differences. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02835 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Suzhou Univ, Dept Phys, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 2132, Newport, RI 02835 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1455 EP 1458 DI 10.1063/1.1379248 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PR UT WOS:000169868300055 ER PT J AU Priya, S Viehland, D Carazo, AV Ryu, J Uchino, K AF Priya, S Viehland, D Carazo, AV Ryu, J Uchino, K TI High-power resonant measurements of piezoelectric materials: Importance of elastic nonlinearities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION-LEVEL CHANGE; CERAMICS; TRANSDUCER; STABILITY AB A resonance method for measuring the complex elastic and electromechanical properties of piezoelectric materials under high-power operational conditions has been developed. In this method, rectangular specimens are piezoelectrically driven into mechanical resonance. The displacement of the transverse resonance mode is measured as a function of frequency (f) using an optical vibrometer method in conjunction with a frequency response analyzer. Due to the wide amplitude sensitivity range of the detection system, asymmetries in nonlinear resonance curves with mechanical damping can be accurately measured. The method has been applied to the study of Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3. Under resonant high-power drive, it has been found that electromechanical nonlinearities are due to elastic ones, as the elastic and electromechanical properties were both found to scale with the square of the strain amplitude. The temperature (T) and ac electric field (E-ac) dependence of the mechanical quality factor Q(m) were also determined. Iso-Q(m) curves were constructed that can be used to predict performance criteria for high-power applications of piezoelectric materials. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Priya, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1469 EP 1479 DI 10.1063/1.1381046 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PR UT WOS:000169868300057 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Tito, F McLaughlin, E Robinson, H Janus, R Ewart, L Powers, J AF Viehland, D Tito, F McLaughlin, E Robinson, H Janus, R Ewart, L Powers, J TI Enhancement of electromechanical coupling coefficient and acoustic power density in conventional "hard" Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 ceramics by application of uniaxial stress SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Investigations of the polarization versus electric field (P-E) and strain versus electric field (epsilon -E) responses for "hard" Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 piezoelectric ceramics have been performed under various uniaxial stresses (sigma) and ac electrical drive fields. Investigations revealed a significant decrease in the remanent polarization of specimens with increasing sigma. Subsequent calculations of the longitudinal electromechanical coupling coefficient (k(33)) and acoustic power density revealed significant enhancements with increasing sigma. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 3 BP 1496 EP 1500 DI 10.1063/1.1383266 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 452PR UT WOS:000169868300060 ER PT J AU Shad, JA Sharieff, GQ AF Shad, JA Sharieff, GQ TI Tracheobronchitis as an initial presentation of ulcerative colitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tracheobronchitis; ulcerative colitis; extraintestinal manifestation ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE AB We describe a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) and the rare extraintestinal manifestation of fulminant tracheobronchitis. A 50-year-old man presented with respiratory compromise and bloody diarrhea. His evaluation showed large airway inflammation with fibrinopurulent debris and colonic inflammation and ulcerations consistent with UC. The etiology for the pulmonary pathology was thoroughly investigated and was thought to be an extraintestinal manifestation of the UC. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Palomar Pomerado Hlth Syst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Shad, JA (reprint author), USN Hosp, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 33 IS 2 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1097/00004836-200108000-00016 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 456HL UT WOS:000170077000016 PM 11468448 ER PT J AU Wu, SJL Lee, EM Putvatana, R Shurtliff, RN Porter, KR Suharyono, W Watts, DM King, CC Murphy, GS Hayes, CG Romano, JW AF Wu, SJL Lee, EM Putvatana, R Shurtliff, RN Porter, KR Suharyono, W Watts, DM King, CC Murphy, GS Hayes, CG Romano, JW TI Detection of dengue viral RNA using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS-INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; SAMPLES; PCR AB Faster techniques are needed for the early diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever during the acute viremic phase of infection. An isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay was optimized to amplify viral RNA of all four dengue virus serotypes by a set of universal primers and to type the amplified products by serotype-specific capture probes. The NASBA assay involved the use of silica to extract viral nucleic acid, which was amplified without thermocycling. The amplified product was detected by a probe-hybridization method that utilized electrochemiluminescence. Using normal human plasma spiked with dengue viruses, the NASBA assay had a detection threshold of 1 to 10 PFU/ml. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined by testing 67 dengue virus-positive and 21 dengue virus-negative human serum or plasma samples. The "gold standard" used for comparison and evaluation was the mosquito C6/36 cell culture assay followed by an immunofluorescent assay. Viral infectivity titers in test samples were also determined by a direct plaque assay in Vero cells. The NASBA assay was able to detect dengue viral RNA in the clinical samples at plaque titers below 25 PFU/ml (the detection limit of the plaque assay). Of the 67 samples found positive by the C6/36 assay, 66 were found positive by the NASBA assay, for a sensitivity of 98.5%. The NASBA assay had a specificity of 100% based on the negative test results for the 21 normal human serum or plasma samples. These results indicate that the NASBA assay is a promising assay for the early diagnosis of dengue infections. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Adv BioSci Labs Inc, Dept Cell Biol, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, APO, AP 96520 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, AMEMB, NAMRID, APO, AA 34031 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Wu, SJL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral Dis Dept, Code 41,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 18 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2794 EP 2798 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2794-2798.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 459HT UT WOS:000170245500007 PM 11473994 ER PT J AU Malasig, MD Goswami, PR Crawford-Miksza, LK Schnurr, DP Gray, GC AF Malasig, MD Goswami, PR Crawford-Miksza, LK Schnurr, DP Gray, GC TI Simplified microneutralization test for serotyping adenovirus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MILITARY; INFECTIONS; VACCINES AB A simplified microneutralization procedure is described that uses an empirically determined virus challenge dose, a single dilution of antiserum, and observation of cytopathic effect to determine the adenovirus serotype. The simplified test has faster turnaround time and was 96% concordant with a confirmatory test using serial dilutions of type-specific sera. This method will find utility in high-volume serotyping work. C1 USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Malasig, MD (reprint author), USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2984 EP 2986 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2984-2986.2001 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 459HT UT WOS:000170245500042 PM 11474029 ER PT J AU Glicksman, ME Wang, KG Marsh, SP AF Glicksman, ME Wang, KG Marsh, SP TI Diffusional interactions among crystallites SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL HAUPPAUGE, NEW YORK SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, USAF, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, US Civilian Res & Dev Fdn, ASE Amer Inc, Crystal Technol Inc, GT Equipment Technologies Inc, MEMC Electr Inc DE crystallites; diffusion; growth from melt ID STAGE PHASE-SEPARATION; VOLUME FRACTION; FINITE CLUSTERS; OSTWALD; DYNAMICS; KINETICS AB The interactions among a population of crystallites in a melt is studied, and the relation between the interactions and the system's volume fraction is established for small volume fractions. Through the solution of the diffusion analog of the Debye-Huckel equation, we obtain the growth rate of a crystal of specified radius. The growth rate reflects contributions from interactions among the crystal-melt interfaces, and is different from that predicted classically by Lifshitz and Slyozov. The crystallite size distribution, scaled by average crystal size, is obtained numerically through a solution to the continuity equation. We demonstrate that interactions among crystallites broaden the size distribution, and increase the coarsening rate. The new results reported for the coarsening rate and crystallite size distribution appear to be in good agreement with other theoretical and computer simulation results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glicksman, ME (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 110 8th St,CII 9111, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Wang, Kegang/A-7510-2016; OI Wang, Kegang/0000-0003-1494-9260; Glicksman, Martin/0000-0002-2675-2759 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG PY 2001 VL 230 IS 1-2 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01340-9 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 454MM UT WOS:000169976400042 ER PT J AU Moss, HD Allemang, JD Johnson, JD AF Moss, HD Allemang, JD Johnson, JD TI Philosophies and practices regarding the management of the endodontic smear layer: Results from two surveys SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOPLASTICIZED GUTTA-PERCHA; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; CANAL WALLS; IN-VITRO; PENETRATION; DENTIN; ADAPTATION; ABSENCE AB The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the prevailing attitudes within the endodontic community regarding smear layer removal. The first survey asked the philosophies and techniques currently being taught to predoctoral dental students and postdoctoral endodontic residents in the United States, whereas the second surveyed some of the members of the American Association of Endodontists currently practicing in the United States. Findings from these surveys revealed that more than three-fourths of the dental students and nearly two-thirds of the endodontic residents are not being taught routine smear layer removal. Slightly more than one-half of endodontists responded they practice smear layer removal. These surveys indicate that there is no clear consensus in the endodontic community, either academically or clinically, as to whether the smear layer should be removed or be allowed to remain before obturation of the root canal space. C1 Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Branch Dent Clin, Endodont Dept, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Sch Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Endodont Dept, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Sch Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Adv Specialty Educ Program Endodont, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moss, HD (reprint author), 14442 Rutledge Sq, San Diego, CA 92128 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 27 IS 8 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1097/00004770-200108000-00009 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 457QV UT WOS:000170149000009 PM 11501593 ER PT J AU Meier, RR Picone, JM Drob, DP Roble, RG AF Meier, RR Picone, JM Drob, DP Roble, RG TI Similarity transformation-based analysis of atmospheric models, data, and inverse remote sensing algorithms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; THERMOSPHERE AB The similarity transformation (ST) defines a new class of robust and stable parametric functions with embedded physical shape information to optimize flexibility in fitting or inverting data. The similarity transformation also permits the extraction of information on the shape of a particular class of physical functions, thereby providing the basis for comparing alternative;models and for analyzing the information content of data. We employ these properties of similarity transformations to study differences between state-of-the-art physics-based atmospheric models (the thermosphere ionosphere electrodynamic general circulation model, or TIEGCM) and empirical atmospheric models (Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter, or MSIS) and to investigate the universality of these models; we examine the role of noise in determining acceptable resolution for faithful retrieval of physical properties; and we measure the performance of MSIS-based forward models for inversion of ultraviolet remote sensing of the neutral upper atmosphere. The similarity transform method proves to be a valuable new tool for identifying common and discrepant properties of the models. Further, the ST method shows that TIEGCM and MSISE-90 profiles embody similar shape information and that a suitable ST parameterization can be constructed that approximates profiles from either model to within a few percent accuracy. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Meier, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A8 BP 15519 EP 15532 DI 10.1029/2001JA000062 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 456HQ UT WOS:000170077400009 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Mariska, JT Lean, J AF Warren, HP Mariska, JT Lean, J TI A new model of solar EUV irradiance variability 1. Model formulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUIET-SUN; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIANCE; CORONAL HOLE; LYMAN-ALPHA; ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER; REFERENCE SPECTRUM; OUTER ATMOSPHERES; EMISSION; FLUX; LINES AB We present a new model of solar irradiance variability at extreme ultraviolet; wavelengths (EUV, 50-1200 Angstrom). In this model, quiet Sun, coronal hole, and active region intensities for optically thin emission lines are computed from emission measure distributions determined from spectrally and spatially resolved observations, For optically thick emission lines and continua, empirical values are used. The contribution of various solar features to the spectral irradiance variability is determined from a simple model of limb-brightening and full-disk solar images taken at the Big Bear Solar Observatory and by the Soft X-Ray Telescope on Yohkoh. To extend our irradiance model beyond the time period covered by the available images, we use correlations with proxies for solar activity. Comparisons with the available irradiance data from the Atmospheric Explorer E (AE-E) spacecraft show that our model is capable of reproducing the rotational modulation of the EUV irradiance near solar maximum. The AE-E data, however, show systematically more solar cycle variability than our model estimates. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA USA. EM hwarren@cfa.harvard.edu; mariska@pinoak.nrl.navy.mil; lean@demeter.nrl.navy.mil OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 44 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A8 BP 15745 EP 15757 DI 10.1029/2000JA000282 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 456HQ UT WOS:000170077400027 ER PT J AU Liewer, PC Hall, JR De Jong, M Socker, DG Howard, RA Crane, PC Reiser, P Rich, N Vourlidas, A AF Liewer, PC Hall, JR De Jong, M Socker, DG Howard, RA Crane, PC Reiser, P Rich, N Vourlidas, A TI Determination of three-dimensional structure of coronal streamers and relationship to the solar magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE REGIONS; CURRENT SHEET; WIND; EVOLUTION; MINIMUM; MODELS; ORIGIN; SPEED; PHASE AB We have determined the location, in three dimensions, of eight quasi-stable coronal "streamers" from an analysis of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph images acquired over approximately one solar rotation. We use the locations to attempt to determine the solar origin of the streamers. Comparison of the streamers' locations (longitude and latitude at the R approximate to 2.5 R-S source surface) with that of the current Sheet computed from a potential source surface model show that all of the streamers lie in or near the heliospheric current sheet, We assume that the streamers coincide with magnetic field lines and use a potential source surface magnetic model to map the location of the streamers from the source surface (R approximate to 2.5 R-S) to the photosphere, We find that many of the streamers are associated with strong magnetic field active regions, When a streamer and its associated active region are visible simultaneously, the active region is seen to be bright in the SOHO extreme ultraviolet imaging telescope (EIT) EW full disk images. This, and other evidence, leads us to conclude that many of the bright streamers are the result of scattering from regions of enhanced density associated with active region outflow, and not a result of line-of-sight viewing through folds in a warped current sheet with uniform density. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Liewer, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A8 BP 15903 EP 15915 DI 10.1029/2000JA000110 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 456HQ UT WOS:000170077400043 ER PT J AU Haymond, S Zak, JK Stotter, JK Hsieh, WY Hillier, W Law, NA Butler, JE Pecoraro, VL Swain, GM Babcock, GT AF Haymond, S Zak, JK Stotter, JK Hsieh, WY Hillier, W Law, NA Butler, JE Pecoraro, VL Swain, GM Babcock, GT TI Development of a low frequency FTIR electrochemical difference technique using diamond optically transparent electrodes: demonstration of method with inorganic model compounds SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem, PL-4410 Gliwice, Poland. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Hillier, Warwick/D-1034-2009; pecoraro, vincent/B-7094-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; pecoraro, vincent/0000-0002-1540-5735 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 86 IS 1 BP 253 EP 253 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 463FW UT WOS:000170467300479 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ TI A procedure for multiple-pulse maximum permissible exposure determination under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; pulsed lasers ID PRIMATE EYE; LESIONS AB The current national consensus standard for laser safety in the United States is the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1). Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of this standard has been conducted. The updated version of the standard (Z136.1-2000) incorporates a wealth of new bioeffects data and establishes a number of new maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for laser safety. The updated standard also includes new procedures for the computation of MPE values, which must be understood by health physicists, laser safety officers, and others in the field of occupational safety. Here we present the first in a series of tutorial articles to clarify laser safety analysis procedures under this new standard. This article deals with the proper application of three rules for determining the appropriate MPE values for repetitively pulsed lasers or repeated exposures from laser beams. (C) 2001 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 467MN UT WOS:000170708500002 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Suits, BH Garroway, AN AF Miller, JB Suits, BH Garroway, AN TI Circularly polarized RF magnetic fields for spin-1 NQR SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NQR; signal-to-noise; spin 1; rotating field; circularly polarized ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; NMR; EFFICIENT; COIL AB The low sensitivity of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) of powders is due, in part, to the inability to efficiently excite and detect nuclei at all crystal orientations. Here we describe the use of circularly polarized RF magnetic fields for excitation followed by detection of the resultant circular RF magnetization in I = 1 NQR to increase the fraction of nuclei excited and detected. We show that the technique can greatly improve the effective RF field homogeneity and increase the largest signal amplitude by a factor of 1.72. In favorable cases, the resulting circularly polarized NQR signal can be separated from linearly polarized magnetoacoustic and piezoelectric ringing artifacts that occur in some NQR materials detection applications. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 151 IS 2 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1006/jmre.2001.2366 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 463ZV UT WOS:000170508200002 ER PT J AU Vite, CH McGowan, JC Braund, KG Drobatz, KJ Glickson, JD Wolfe, JH Haskins, ME AF Vite, CH McGowan, JC Braund, KG Drobatz, KJ Glickson, JD Wolfe, JH Haskins, ME TI Histopathology, electrodiagnostic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging show significant peripheral and central nervous system myelin abnormalities in the cat model of alpha-mannosidosis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cat; lysosomal storage disease; magnetic resonance; magnetization transfer; mannosidosis; myelin; peripheral nerve ID LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS; APPEARING WHITE-MATTER; VII MOUSE-BRAIN; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS; PERSIAN CATS; TRANSFER CONTRAST; GUINEA-PIG; DEFICIENCY; DISEASE AB Alpha-mannosidosis is a disease caused by the deficient activity of alpha-mannosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase involved in the degradation of glycoproteins. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides within lysosomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) myelin abnormalities in cats from a breeding colony with a uniform mutation in the gene encoding alpha-mannosidase. Three affected cats and 3 normal cats from 2 litters were examined weekly from 4 to 18 wk of age. Progressively worsening neurological signs developed in affected cats that included tremors, loss of balance. and nystagmus. In the PNS, affected cats showed slow motor nerve conduction velocity and increased F-wave latency. Single nerve fiber teasing revealed significant demyelination/remyelination in affected cats. Mean G-ratios of nerves showed a significant increase in affected cats compared to normal cats. Magnetic resonance imaging of the CNS revealed diffuse white matter signal abnormalities throughout the brain of affected cats. Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging showed a 8%-16%, decrease in the magnetization transfer ratio in brain white matter of affected cats compared to normal cats. consistent with myelin abnormalities. Histology confirmed myelin loss throughout the cerebrum and cerebellum. Thus, histology, electrodiagnostic testing, and magnetic resonance imaging identified significant myelination abnormalities in both the PNS and CNS that have not been described previously in alpha-mannosidosis. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Abramson Res Ctr 502G, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Med Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biochem Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Vet Neurol Consulting Serv, Dadeville, AL USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wolfe, JH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Abramson Res Ctr 502G, 3416 Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR02512]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK42707, DK46637, DK49652]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS34353, NS02032, NS38690] NR 57 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 60 IS 8 BP 817 EP 828 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 458JX UT WOS:000170192200009 PM 11487056 ER PT J AU McKeown, DA Muller, IS Gan, H Pegg, IL Kendziora, CA AF McKeown, DA Muller, IS Gan, H Pegg, IL Kendziora, CA TI Raman studies of sulfur in borosilicate waste glasses: sulfate environments SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize sulfur environments in a variety of borosilicate glass formulations developed for long-term radioactive waste storage, The spectra of these glasses all have S-O symmetrical stretch modes (v(1)) near 1000 cm(-1) from tetrahedral SO4 (sulfate) environments. The Raman data indicate that the sulfate environments are independent of the borosilicate network; in particular, isolated SO4 tetrahedra in the glass are surrounded by network modifying cations, such as Na. By changing the type of network modifying cations in the borosilicate glass, the v(1) peak shifts, in such a way that larger cation charge densities correlate to higher v(1) frequencies. The v(1) peak for Li, Ca, Na, K, and Cs borosilicate glasses is broadened and shifted to lower frequencies with respect to v(1), for Li, Ca, Na, K, and Cs sulfate crystals, respectively; this indicates that sulfate tetrahedra in borosilicate glass are more disordered and more weakly bonded to their surrounding environments than sulfate tetrahedra in the corresponding sulfate crystals. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McKeown, DA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG PY 2001 VL 288 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00624-X PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 459PU UT WOS:000170260500023 ER PT J AU Paul, BF Horning, GM Hellstein, JW Schafer, DR AF Paul, BF Horning, GM Hellstein, JW Schafer, DR TI The osteoinductive potential of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in human non-orthotopic sites: A pilot study SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone, freeze-dried; bone, demineralized; grafts, bone; guided bone; regeneration; osteogenesis ID ATTACHMENT APPARATUS FORMATION; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; RIDGE AUGMENTATION; AUTOLOGOUS BONE; INDUCE AB Background: The use of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in periodontal therapy is widely accepted. In addition to histologic studies demonstrating its role in regenerating the attachment apparatus, its recognized ability to exhibit osteoinduction in small laboratory mammals has prompted many clinicians to regard it as osteoinductive when utilized in periodontal therapy. Despite such a theoretical deduction, evaluating and establishing the osteoinductive potential of DFDBA in humans has been problematic. The purpose of this study was to investigate, through the use of a novel implantation/recovery model, the potential of DFDBA to induce new bone formation at sites not normally considered capable of de novo osteogenic activity. Methods: Seven patients scheduled to undergo periodontal therapy utilizing non-absorbable membranes agreed to have sterile polypropylene mesh capsules placed adjacent to the primary surgical site for the purpose of this investigation. One capsule was left empty while the second capsule contained DFDBA. At the appropriate time interval for removal of the therapeutic membrane, the capsules were removed and submitted for histologic analysis. Five of the subjects had procedures directed at regenerating bone within molar furcations (guided tissue regeneration) and had the membranes and associated capsules removed between 6 and 8 weeks. The 2 remaining patients had procedures directed toward ridge augmentation (guided bone regeneration) and had the membranes removed either at 8 or 9 months, respectively. In addition, one of the 2 long-term membrane patients had liberal cortical penetration performed directly beneath the implanted capsule. Results: Histologic analysis of all recovered capsules by 2 independent oral and maxillofacial pathologists could not confirm the presence of either osteoblastic or osteoclastic activity associated with the DFDBA particles, although the 2 longer-term specimens clearly exhibited trace amounts of vital bone non-contiguous with the implanted material. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study do not support the osteoinductive potential of DFDBA when utilized in quantities normally associated with periodontal bone grafting, although they do support the use of this implantation/recovery model to study other preparations and mechanisms of bone formation. C1 USN, Dent Ctr Mid Atlantic Reg, Dept Periodont, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Paul, BF (reprint author), USN, Dent Ctr Mid Atlantic Reg, Dept Periodont, 1647 Taussig Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1064 EP 1068 DI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.8.1064 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 464TB UT WOS:000170546900012 PM 11525439 ER PT J AU Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Hu, YX Wiscombe, WJ Tsay, SC Winker, DM Nasiri, SL AF Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Hu, YX Wiscombe, WJ Tsay, SC Winker, DM Nasiri, SL TI Radiative properties of cirrus clouds in the infrared (8-13 mu m) spectral region SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2000 CL DALHOUSIE UNIV, HALIFAX, CANADA SP USA Res Lab, Opt Soc Amer HO DALHOUSIE UNIV DE cirrus; crystal; infrared ID AIRBORNE SIMULATOR IMAGERY; DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN; HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION THEORY; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; EXTINCTION EFFICIENCY; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Atmospheric radiation in the infrared (IR) 8-13 mum spectral region contains a wealth of information that is very useful for the retrieval of ice cloud properties from aircraft or space-borne measurements. To provide the scattering and absorption properties of nonspherical ice crystals that are fundamental to the IR retrieval implementation, we use the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to solve for the extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, and the asymmetry parameter of the phase function for ice crystals smaller than 40 mum. For particles larger than this size, the improved geometric optics method (IGOM) can be employed to calculate the asymmetry parameter with an acceptable accuracy, provided that we properly account for the inhomogeneity of the refracted wave due to strong absorption inside the ice particle. A combination of the results computed from the two methods provides the asymmetry parameter for the entire practical range of particle sizes between 1 and 10, 000 mum over the wavelengths ranging from 8 to 13 mum. For the extinction and absorption efficiency calculations, several methods including the IGOM, Mie solution for equivalent spheres (MSFES), and the anomalous diffraction theory (ADT) can lead to a substantial discontinuity in comparison with the FDTD solutions for particle sizes on the order of 40 mum. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed a novel approach called the stretched scattering potential method (SSPM), For the IR 8-13 mum spectral region, we show that SSPM is a more accurate approximation than ADT, MSFES, and IGOM. The SSPM solution can be further refined numerically. Through a combination of the FDTD and SSPM, the extinction and absorption efficiencies are computed for hexagonal ice crystals with sizes ranging from 1 to 10,000 mum at 12 wavelengths between 8 and 13 mum. Calculations of the cirrus bulk scattering and absorption properties are performed for 30 size distributions obtained from various field campaigns for midlatitude and tropical cirrus cloud systems. Ice crystals are assumed to be hexagonal columns randomly oriented in space. The bulk scattering properties are parameterized through the use of second-order polynomial functions for the extinction efficiency and the single-scattering albedo and a power-law expression for the asymmetry parameter. We note that the volume-normalized extinction coefficient can be separated into two parts: one is inversely proportional to effective size and is independent of wavelength, and the other is the wavelength-dependent effective extinction efficiency. Unlike conventional parameterization efforts, the present parameterization scheme is more accurate because only the latter part of the volume-normalized extinction coefficient is approximated in terms of an analytical expression. After averaging over size distribution, the single-scattering albedo is shown to decrease with an increase in effective size for wavelengths shorter than 10.0 mum whereas the opposite behavior is observed for longer wavelengths. The variation of the asymmetry parameter as a function of effective size is substantial when the effective size is smaller than 50 mum For effective sizes larger than 100 mum, the asymmetry parameter approaches its asymptotic value. The results derived in this study can be useful to remote sensing studies of ice clouds involving IR window bands. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pyang@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Nasiri, Shaima/C-8044-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; NR 84 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 70 IS 4-6 BP 473 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00024-3 PG 32 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 454ME UT WOS:000169975700009 ER PT J AU Fialkowski, LT Perkins, JS Collins, MD Nicholas, M Fawcett, JA Kuperman, WA AF Fialkowski, LT Perkins, JS Collins, MD Nicholas, M Fawcett, JA Kuperman, WA TI Matched-field source tracking by ambiguity surface averaging SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; VERTICAL ARRAY; MOVING SOURCE; WAVE-GUIDE AB The method of matched-field source tracking by ambiguity surface averaging is demonstrated using low-frequency shallow-water acoustic data recorded on a vertical array. In this method, source motion is taken into account by averaging values from individual, short time-average matched-field ambiguity functions; each resulting average value corresponds to a trial source track. The result is a new ambiguity function which depends on six parameters: the three-dimensional coordinates of the initial and final source positions. A simplification to four parameters is made by assuming the source remains at a constant depth. Only mild restrictions are made on trial tracks considered, and the resulting ambiguity surfaces can be plotted as a function of final coordinates by holding the initial coordinates fixed at the optimal position. When applied to experimental data, the number of high sidelobes present in individual matched-field ambiguity surfaces is greatly reduced. Also, the technique appears robust to uncertainties in replica computation (due to various mismatch problems) and periods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Res Estab Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Fialkowski, LT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1121/1.1385897 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 462ED UT WOS:000170407000010 ER PT J AU Means, SL Heitmeyer, RM AF Means, SL Heitmeyer, RM TI Low-frequency sound generation by an individual open-ocean breaking wave SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT NOISE; COLLECTIVE OSCILLATIONS; BUBBLE POPULATIONS; SPILLING BREAKERS; UNDERWATER SOUND; VOID-FRACTION; SPECTRA; SEA; SURFACE; PLUME AB Bubble cloud resonances have been proposed as an explanation of the low-frequency acoustic radiation produced by breaking waves. A previous model [H. N. Oguz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 1895-1912 (1994)] considered excitation of the bubble cloud by a rigid piston at the base of a hemispherical bubble cloud. The present model considers excitation of the cloud by individual point sources within the cloud. A Green's function is obtained for a point source displaced from the origin of a hemispherical bubble cloud beneath a pressure release surface. The method of images and superposition allow one to obtain the field generated by a distribution of point sources within the bubble cloud. The frequency-dependent radiation pattern for two distributions of point sources within the cloud is obtained. Distributing the point sources within the forward sector of the bubble cloud generates spectral characteristics consistent with measured open-ocean breaking wave spectra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7121, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM means@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 761 EP 768 DI 10.1121/1.1379729 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 462ED UT WOS:000170407000012 ER PT J AU Keiffer, RS Novarini, JC Zingarelli, RA AF Keiffer, RS Novarini, JC Zingarelli, RA TI Finite-difference time-domain modeling of low to moderate frequency sea-surface reverberation in the presence of a near-surface bubble layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solution to the two-dimensional linear acoustic wave equation is utilized in numerical experiments to test the hypothesis that near-surface, bubble-induced refraction can have a significant impact on low to moderate frequency sea-surface reverberation. In order to isolate the effects of bubble-modified propagation on the scattering from the air/sea interface from other possible phenomena such as scattering from bubble clouds, the bubbly environment is assumed to be range independent. Results of the study show that both the strong wind-speed dependence and the enhanced scattering levels of the order found in the reverberation data are obtained when a wind-speed-dependent bubble layer is included in the modeling. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. RP Keiffer, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 782 EP 785 DI 10.1121/1.1383769 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 462ED UT WOS:000170407000014 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA Yang, G Mukherjee, BK AF Piquette, JC McLaughlin, EA Yang, G Mukherjee, BK TI Nonlinear output control in hysteretic, saturating materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 ONR WORKSHOP ON TRANSDUCERS AND TRANSDUCER MATERIALS CY APR, 2000 CL STATE COLL, PENNSYLVANIA SP ONR ID DIMENSIONAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL AB The problem of determining the drive waveform that produces a desired output from a hysteretic, saturating material is considered both theoretically and experimentally. The specific problem of interest is the production of a high-amplitude, but monofrequency, sinusoidal polarization response. (The techniques presented could also be used to control other physical variables, such as the strain, if desired.) Two sample materials were considered, one of which is characterized by relatively low hysteresis tan delta approximate to0.03) and tested using mechanical prestresses of 20.7 MPa (3 kpsi) and 41.4 MPa (6 kpsi), and the other of which is characterized by relatively high hysteresis (tan (delta approximate to0.11), and tested without a prestress. Both samples were fabricated from the electrostrictive material lead magnesium niobate (PMN), although a magnetostrictive material (such as Terfenol-D) could have been tested instead. The samples were subjected to a bias voltage and prestress in order to simulate conditions that might arise in a full transducer. By analytically inverting a theory of hysteresis [J. C. Piquette and S. E. Forsythe, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 3317-3327 (1999) and J. Acoust Soc. Am. 106, 3328-3334 (1999)], the required (predistorted) drive waveform was determined. Both semi-major and minor hysteresis loops, in both polarization and strain, were measured and the parameters of the theory determined by least-squares fitting. The measurements were obtained under quasi-static conditions, with drive frequencies at or below 10 Hz. The observed fits of theory to data are of high quality. The theory was then inverted analytically to determine the drive required to produce the desired monofrequency polarization response, having a peak polarization value approximately equal to that achieved using a biased sinusoid of AC amplitude equal to the bias. The total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output polarization resulting from the inverting drive, computed using 10 harmonics, was experimentally observed to be about an order of magnitude less than that resulting from a biased sinusoid in all cases. It is shown that the hysteresis loop arising when using the distortion-reducing drive is of smaller area than that obtained when driving with a sinusoid to achieve the same polarization amplitude. Thus, the distortion-reducing drive results in a smaller loss per cycle than is obtained with a sinusoidal drive. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 865 EP 876 DI 10.1121/1.1381537 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 462ED UT WOS:000170407000024 ER PT J AU Ainsleigh, PL AF Ainsleigh, PL TI Acoustic echo detection and arrival-time estimation using spectral tail energy SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An algorithm is introduced for detecting signal and echo onsets and estimating their arrival times in multipath acoustic data. The algorithm accommodates superimposed narrow-band signals with continuous onsets, unknown envelopes, and arrival-time separations of less than one cycle at the dominant tonal frequency. It does not require the multipath components to be shifted and weighted replicas of each other or of a template signal. The separation of closely spaced signals is enabled by applying a prefilter that isolates spectral "tail" energy in which the onsets are discernible, and by operating on the filtered data using a matched- subspace detector that is conditioned on previously detected onsets. This algorithm has particular value for laboratory measurements, as it utilizes the high signal-to-noise ratios available in a laboratory to solve a previously intractable detection and estimation problem. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ainsleigh, PL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 967 EP 972 DI 10.1121/1.1381027 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 462ED UT WOS:000170407000034 ER PT J AU Nemat-Nasser, S Guo, WG Kihl, DP AF Nemat-Nasser, S Guo, WG Kihl, DP TI Thermomechanical response of AL-6XN stainless steel over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE AL-6XN; strain rate; aging; microstructure; modeling ID DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; COMPRESSION; KINETICS; TITANIUM AB To understand and model the thermomechanical response of AL-6XN stainless steel, uniaxial compression tests are performed on cylindrical samples, using an Instron servohydraulic testing machine and UCSD's enhanced Hopkinson technique. True strains exceeding 40% are achieved in these tests, over the range of strain rates from 0.001/s to about 8000/s, and at initial temperatures from 77 to 1000 K. In an effort to understand the underlying deformation mechanisms, some interrupted tests involving temperature and low- and high-strain rates, are also performed. The microstructure of the undeformed and deformed samples is observed by optical microscopy. The experimental results show: (1) AL-6XN stainless steel displays good ductility (strain > 40%) at low temperatures and high-strain rates, with its ductility increasing with temperature; (2) at high-strain rates and 77 K initial temperature, adiabatic shearbands develop at strains exceeding about 40%, and the sample breaks, while at low-strain rates and 77 K, axial microcracks develop at strains close to 50% or greater; (3) dynamic strain aging occurs at temperatures between 500 and 1000 K and at a strain rate of 0.001/s, with the peak value of the stress occurring at about 800 K, and becoming more pronounced with increasing strain and less pronounced with increasing strain rate; and (4) the microstructure of this material evolves with temperature, but is not very sensitive to the changes in the strain rate. Finally, based on the mechanism of dislocation motion, paralleled with a systematic experimental investigation, a physically based model is developed for the deformation behavior of this material, including the effect of viscous drag on the motion of dislocations, but excluding the dynamic strain aging effects. The model predictions are compared with the results of the experiments. Good agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental results is obtained. In order to verify the model independently of the experiments used in the modeling, additional compression tests at a strain rate of 8000/s and various initial temperatures, are performed, and the results are compared with the model predictions. Good correlation is observed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Excellence Adv Mat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Nemat-Nasser, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Excellence Adv Mat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 28 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD AUG PY 2001 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1823 EP 1846 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(00)00069-7 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 451MK UT WOS:000169805700009 ER PT J AU Overfelt, PL AF Overfelt, PL TI Helical localized wave solutions of the scalar wave equation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BESSEL-GAUSS PULSE; MAXWELL EQUATIONS; MODES; TRANSMISSION; ANTENNA AB A right-handed helical nonorthogonal coordinate system is used to determine helical localized wave solutions of the homogeneous scalar wave equation. Introducing the characteristic variables in the helical system, i.e., u = zeta - ct and upsilon = zeta + ct, where zeta is the coordinate along the helical axis, we can use the bidirectional traveling plane wave representation and obtain sets of elementary bidirectional helical solutions to the wave equation. Not only are these sets bidirectional, i.e., based on a product of plane waves, but they may also be broken up into right-handed and left-handed solutions. The elementary helical solutions may in turn be used to create general superpositions, both Fourier and bidirectional, from which new solutions to the wave equation may be synthesized. These new solutions, based on the helical bidirectional superposition, are members of the class of localized waves. Examples of these new solutions are a helical fundamental Gaussian focus wave mode, a helical Bessel-Gauss pulse, and a helical acoustic directed energy pulse train. Some of these solutions have the interesting feature that their shape and localization properties depend not only on the wave number governing propagation along the longitudinal axis but also on the normalized helical pitch. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Overfelt, PL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1905 EP 1911 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.001905 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 455HK UT WOS:000170021300012 PM 11488494 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Beadie, G AF Rabinovich, WS Beadie, G TI Analysis of chi(2) for inhomogeneously broadened intersubband transitions SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MU-M; GAAS; BUFFER; LASER; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We examine the effects of inhomogeneous broadening on second-order nonlinearities in intersubband-based quantum-well systems. In particular, we study the case of difference-frequency generation in a doubly resonant system, providing, to our knowledge, the first analysis of conversion efficiencies. For even modest amounts of inhomogeneous broadening both the peak conversion efficiency and the optimum interaction length may vary by more than a factor of 3 from that predicted by homogeneous theories. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1119 EP 1126 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.001119 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 459YZ UT WOS:000170280200010 ER PT J AU Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Puckett, ML Reeves, TR Powell, CC AF Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Puckett, ML Reeves, TR Powell, CC TI Sonographic diagnosis of ulnar artery aneurysm in hypothenar hammer syndrome - Report of 2 cases SO JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Velling, TE (reprint author), Radiol Med Grp, 3366 5th Ave, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST ULTRASOUND MEDICINE PI LAUREL PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, 14750 SWEITZER LANE, STE 100, LAUREL, MD 20707-5906 USA SN 0278-4297 J9 J ULTRAS MED JI J. Ultrasound Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 20 IS 8 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 457KR UT WOS:000170136700016 PM 11503929 ER PT J AU Baker, M Miceli, T Sirmans, CF Turnbull, GK AF Baker, M Miceli, T Sirmans, CF Turnbull, GK TI Property rights by squatting: Land ownership risk and adverse possession statutes SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB A fundamental aspect of private property is the right to exclude trespassers or squatters. Nonetheless, in all 50 states a trespasser can acquire ownership by continuously occupying a parcel of land until the statutorily set period of limitations runs out. Although these adverse possession statutes appear to weaken property rights, this paper explains how such limits are valuable to property owners by balancing the risk of claims from past legitimate owners against the cost of expelling future trespassers or squatters. The empirical analysis using data from 46 states provides evidence that is consistent with the theory. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Finance, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Econ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Baker, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.2307/3147130 PG 11 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 468RB UT WOS:000170771000005 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Allen, K Kopke, RD Weisskopf, P Gottshall, K Wester, D AF Hoffer, ME Allen, K Kopke, RD Weisskopf, P Gottshall, K Wester, D TI Transtympanic versus sustained-release administration of gentamicin: Kinetics, morphology, and function SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE gentamicin; ototoxic; apoptosis; Meniere's disease; transtympanic ID VESTIBULAR SENSORY EPITHELIA; BILATERAL MENIERES-DISEASE; COCHLEAR HAIR-CELLS; INTRATYMPANIC GENTAMICIN; INNER-EAR; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GUINEA-PIG; AMINOGLYCOSIDE OTOTOXICITY; STREPTOMYCIN SULFATE; NEURAL DEGENERATION AB Objectives/Hypothesis. Transtympanic gentamicin therapy has become a popular treatment modality for Meniere's disease, but questions regarding the ideal dose of medicine, the best administration paradigm, and the safest treatment end-point remain unanswered. The goal of this study is to examine the inner ear kinetics of transtympanic gentamicin and compare this with the kinetics of sustained-release delivery in a basic science model. In addition, we plan to examine the relationship of these kinetics curves to the effect of the two treatment modalities on inner ear function and morphology. It is hoped that this analysis will help clinicians to better apply local medical therapy to the ear. Study Design: The study is a basic science project designed to examine perilymph gentamicin concentrations, hearing results, and inner ear morphology in an animal model. Methods. Gentamicin was applied to the right ear of chinchillas either through a transtympanic approach or in a sustained-release device. The left ear remained untreated as an internal control. At set time points the animals' hearing and balance function was studied and the perilymph was harvested, after which the animal was killed and preserved for histological evaluation. Kinetics curves were constructed for each of the two treatment paradigms and compared with histological and functional outcomes. Results: The two groups yielded dramatically different kinetics curves. The transtympanic curve had a high peak level at 24 hours with rapid fall-off and almost total elimination by 48 hours, whereas the sustained-release curve was characterized by a long, flat plateau phase with a peak that was approximately one-third that of the transtympanic curve. In addition, the variability seen in perilymph concentrations was significantly higher in the transtympanic group than in the sustained-release group. Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-7 demonstrated early damage in the spiral ganglion of both groups, before any obvious morphological change in the hair cells. The staining was significantly more dense in animals with transtympanic delivery. Cochlear and vestibular hair cell damage was seen at late time points in animals from both groups. Hearing loss (HL) progressed in an orderly fashion in the sustained-release group of animals, with no HL seen in the early time points and universal significant threshold shifts present by 72 hours. In the transtympanic group, the HL was more variable, with significant threshold shifts occurring as early as 4 hours after treatment, but with some animals demonstrating preserved hearing at the 72-hour time point. All animals demonstrated profound HL at the 6-day time point. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the shape and variability of the perilymph kinetics curve when comparing sustained-release delivery to transtympanic delivery of gentamicin. High early peak levels of gentamicin seen with transtympanic therapy may have a profound effect on the spiral ganglion and produce early HL before obvious hair cell damage. Sustained delivery of gentamicin produces universal HL at 72 hours. The reliability of sustained-release delivery to the ear reduces functional and morphological variations between animals. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Defense Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Defense Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 77 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD AUG PY 2001 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1343 EP 1357 DI 10.1097/00005537-200108000-00007 PG 15 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 461ET UT WOS:000170352500007 PM 11568567 ER PT J AU Anderson, WT Menozzi, R AF Anderson, WT Menozzi, R TI Special section: Papers presented at the 2000 GaAs Reliability Workshop - Editorial SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Anderson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(01)00080-4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 477EE UT WOS:000171269500001 ER PT J AU Anderson, WT Roussos, JA Mittereder, JA Ioannou, DE Moglestue, C AF Anderson, WT Roussos, JA Mittereder, JA Ioannou, DE Moglestue, C TI Pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuits reliability study SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gallium Arsenide Reliability Workshop (GaAs REL) CY NOV 05, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB Accelerated high temperature RF life testing was used to investigate the reliability of two-stage GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers based on 0.25 mum pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor technology. Life testing was performed at elevated baseplate temperatures with MMICs operating at typical d.c. bias conditions and large signal RF drive levels of two dB compression. The resulting failure distribution was log normal and the estimated median life time extrapolated to a channel temperature of 140 degreesC was 2.3 x 10(6) h with an activation energy of 1.1 eV. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. SFA, Landover, MD 20774 USA. RP Anderson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1109 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(01)00082-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 477EE UT WOS:000171269500003 ER PT J AU Keefer, LK Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Shanklin, AP Dunams, TA Christodoulou, D Saavedra, JE Sagan, ES Bohle, DS AF Keefer, LK Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Shanklin, AP Dunams, TA Christodoulou, D Saavedra, JE Sagan, ES Bohle, DS TI Chemistry of the diazeniumdiolates - 1. Structural and spectral characteristics of the [N(O)NO](-) functional group SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; X-ray crystallography; infrared; ultraviolet spectroscopy; density functional; theory calculations; nitrogen-15 ID NITRIC-OXIDE DONOR; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SODIUM TRIOXODINITRATE(II); CEREBRAL VASOSPASM; NO RELEASE; AB-INITIO; IN-VITRO AB Ions of structure X[N(O)NO](-), examples of which have seen increasing use as probes for studying the biology of nitric oxide (NO) over the past decade, have a varied chemical history spanning nearly two centuries. Nevertheless, they have not been widely appreciated for their physicochemical similarities. Here we begin a series of systematic inquiries into the fundamental chemistry of such compounds aimed at identifying both the characteristics that justify considering them as a group and the factors that contribute to observed differences in their physicochemical properties. In the present paper, X-ray structures in which X is SO3- (1), O- (2), Ph (3), and Et2N (5), as well as that of the gem-disubstituted carbon derivative CH2[N(O)NO](2)(2-) (4), are compared. All their O-N-N-O systems are essentially planar, with cis oxygens and an N-N linkage exhibiting considerable double-bond character. The ultraviolet spectrum of the isolated chromophore consists of a relatively intense (similar to6-10 mM(-1) cm(-1) per [N(O)NO](-) group) absorption at 248-250 nm (for 2 and 5) that is red shifted by through-space Stark interactions (e.g., by similar to 10 nm in 1 and 4) as well as by conjugative interaction with X (lambda (max) = 284 run for 3). Infrared and Raman spectra for the widely used pharmacological probe 5 were determined, with analysis of vibrational modes being aided by comparison with the spectra of the [N-15(O)(NO)-N-15](-) isotopomer and density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. To address confusion that has arisen in the literature resulting from rather widespread use of differing trivial designations for this class of compounds, a unifying nomenclature system is recommended in which compounds containing the [N(O)NO](-) moiety are named as diazeniumdiolates. It is hoped that these and other efforts to understand and predict the physicochemical similarities and differences among different members of the diazeniumdiolate class will aid in reaping their full potential in the area of rational drug design. C1 NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Intramural Res Support Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Keefer, LK (reprint author), NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014 OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-53828] NR 89 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 5 IS 4 BP 377 EP 394 DI 10.1006/niox.2001.0359 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 461ZB UT WOS:000170392800010 PM 11485376 ER PT J AU Jensen, DR Gathman, SG Zeisse, CR McGrath, CP de Leeuw, G Smith, MH Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL AF Jensen, DR Gathman, SG Zeisse, CR McGrath, CP de Leeuw, G Smith, MH Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL TI Electro-optical propagation assessment in coastal environments (EOPACE): Summary and accomplishments SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electro-optics; propagation codes; infrared transmission; aerosols; modeling. ID ELEVATION TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOL AB EOPACE (electro-optical propagation assessment in coastal environments) was a 5-yr multinational and interdisciplinary effort to improve the performance assessment for electro-optical (EO) systems operating in coastal environments. The initial results of the EOPACE program include: (1) the parameterization of the surf-zone generated aerosol-size distribution as a function of swell height; (2) the characterization of aerosol plume structures and the transport of surf generated aerosols; (3) the development of a quantitative surf aerosol source function; (4) the description of the contribution and impact of surf-zone generated aerosols on coastal infrared (IR) transmission; (5) the measurement and modeling of the near surface transmission effects (aerosol and molecular extinction, refraction, scintillation, and wave shadowing); (6) an analysis of the contribution of anthropogenic and land derived aerosols to the air mass characteristics in the coastal zone; (7) the application of direct and remote sensing techniques to develop the scaling parameters for aerosols in the prevailing air mass; (8) an analysis of near ocean surface bulk meteorological scaling which works well for unstable conditions but is less reliable for neutral and stable conditions; and (9) the incorporation of the improved sea radiance models into TAWS (target acquisition weather software) which improved the error analysis by a factor of 3. These initial accomplishments are described in this overview of the EOPACE effort. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, Atmospher Propagat Branch D858, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. TNO, Phys & Elect Lab, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. RP Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, Atmospher Propagat Branch D858, 49170 Propagat Path, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM djensen@spawar.navy.mil NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1486 EP 1498 DI 10.1117/1.1387985 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 471ML UT WOS:000170933100011 ER PT J AU Caron, JN Namazi, NM Lucke, RL Rollins, CJ Lynn, PR AF Caron, JN Namazi, NM Lucke, RL Rollins, CJ Lynn, PR TI Blind data restoration with an extracted filter function SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTION-BLURRED IMAGES; DECONVOLUTION AB A method for performing blind deconvolutions on degraded images and data has been developed. The technique uses a power law relation applied to the Fourier transform of the degraded data to extract a filter function. This filter function closely resembles the point-spread function of the system and can be used to restore and enhance higher-frequency content. The process is noniterative and requires only that the point-spread function be space invariant and the transfer function be real. The algorithm has been validated by direct comparisons by use of a pseudoinverse filter with known transfer functions. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20901 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caron, JN (reprint author), Res Support Instruments, 4325-B Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20901 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 15 BP 1164 EP 1166 DI 10.1364/OL.26.001164 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 457MH UT WOS:000170140900016 PM 18049550 ER PT J AU Harshavardhan, KS Christen, H Silliman, SD Talanov, V Rajeswari, M Claassen, J AF Harshavardhan, KS Christen, H Silliman, SD Talanov, V Rajeswari, M Claassen, J TI High temperature superconducting films on flexible substrates for cryoelectronics SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2000) CY OCT 14-16, 2000 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE high temperature superconduction; cryoelectronics; biaxially textured ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THICK-FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS; DEPOSITION AB High temperature superconducting (HTS) films on flexible, low loss, low thermal conductivity substrates offer unique advantages to transmit multichannel digital data with low signal attenuation for cryoelectronic applications. Polycrystalline, flexible yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a low thermal conductivity of 0.015 W/cm. K, a low RF loss of 4 x 10(-4) (at 77 K, 5 GHz) and a relatively low dielectric constant of 28 is an excellent choice as a substrate if high quality HTS films can be developed with desirable RIF properties. This paper presents recent data obtained on biaxially textured Y1B2C3O7-x (YBCO) films deposited on polycrystalline YSZ substrates with a biaxially-textured YSZ template. YSZ structural templates were developed by Ion beam-assisted pulsed laser deposition (PLD). YBCO films were deposited by PLD. The biaxially textured YBCO films exhibit in-plane (Phi-scans) FWHMs of similar to7 degrees. The transition temperatures (T-c's) of the films are in the range 88-89 K with transition widths of 0.5 K. The critical current densities (J(c)'s) measured at 77 K, zero field, are in the range of 2 x 10(6) A/cm(2). The surface resistance of the films measured at 77 K, 10 GHz is 700 mu Omega indicating a low microwave loss in these films. The high materials quality obtained in these HTS films on polycrystalline substrates can be used in fabricating a variety of components for cryoelectronic applications. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Neocera Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harshavardhan, KS (reprint author), Neocera Inc, 1000 Virginia Manor Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 2001 VL 357 BP 1368 EP 1372 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00584-6 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 463FY UT WOS:000170467500097 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW TI Two qubits in the Dirac representation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; SEPARABILITY; ALGORITHM; STATES; PAIRS AB The Dirac-matrix representation of a general two-qubit system is shown to exhibit quite interesting features. The relativistic symmetries of time reversal T, charge conjugation C, parity P, and their products are reinterpreted here by examining their action on the Bell states, It is shown that only C does not mix the Bell states whereas all others do. The various logic gates of quantum information theory are also expressed in terms of the Dirac matrices. For example, the NOT gate is related to the product of T and P. A two-qubit density matrix is found to be entangled if it is invariant under C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 BP art. no. EP 024303 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 460FJ UT WOS:000170297300124 ER PT J AU Borca, CN Komesu, T Jeong, HK Dowben, PA Ristoiu, D Hordequin, C Nozieres, JP Pierre, J Stadler, S Idzerda, YU AF Borca, CN Komesu, T Jeong, HK Dowben, PA Ristoiu, D Hordequin, C Nozieres, JP Pierre, J Stadler, S Idzerda, YU TI Evidence for temperature dependent moments ordering in ferromagnetic NiMnSb(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPIN POLARIZATION; GROUND-STATE; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; CRO2; BAND; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB From magnetic circular dichroism measurements of the Heusler alloy NiMnSb, in combination with other techniques, we show that a dramatic increase in the Mn and Ni moments occurs below a "crossover" transition temperature of about 80-100 K. This phase transition is well below the Curie temperature of NiMnSb (similar to 730 K). While the spin polarization near the Fermi level, from spin-polarized inverse photoemission, remains very high for k(parallel to) = 0, it is unlikely that NiMnSb is a half-metallic ferromagnet near room temperature. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Mat Res & Analy Ctr, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CNRS, Lab Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Borca, CN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 33 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.052409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 459TF UT WOS:000170267000014 ER PT J AU Goodridge, CL Pecora, LM Carroll, TL Rachford, FJ AF Goodridge, CL Pecora, LM Carroll, TL Rachford, FJ TI Detecting functional relationships between simultaneous time series SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; CHAOS AB We describe a method to characterize the predictability and functionality between two simultaneously generated time series. This nonlinear method requires minimal assumptions and can be applied to data measured either from coupled systems or from different positions on a spatially extended system. This analysis generates a function statistic, Theta (c)o, that quantifies the level of predictability between two time series. We illustrate the utility of this procedure by presenting results from a computer simulation and two experimental systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goodridge, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6345, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026221 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100054 PM 11497691 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B AF Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B TI Apparent superluminal propagation of a laser pulse in a dispersive medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The distortion of a laser pulse propagating in a dispersive gain/absorptive medium is analyzed. The relationship between the distortion of the pulse and superluminal propagation is discussed. We present an analytical approach based on the laser envelope equation that is readily applicable to arbitrary input pulse shapes. This analysis is used to interpret recent experiments that claim to have observed distortionless superluminal laser pulse propagation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 026504 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 463TJ UT WOS:000170493100085 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Fair, J Wilckens, J AF Williams, MS Fair, J Wilckens, J TI Quick splint for acute boutonniere injuries SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HAND C1 Martin Army Community Hosp, Ft Benning, GA USA. USN Acad, Athlet Training Serv, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), Martin Army Community Hosp, Ft Benning, GA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 29 IS 8 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 461NQ UT WOS:000170370700007 PM 20086587 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG Pulsifer, PE Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Davis, J Chong, YK Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Nash, TJ AF Whitney, KG Pulsifer, PE Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Davis, J Chong, YK Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Nash, TJ TI Trends in plasma conditions inferred from an analysis of x-ray data from high wire-number, Z-pinch load implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL EMISSION; ARRAY Z-PINCH; PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; ALUMINUM-ARRAY; HIGH-POWER; MASS; EQUATION; SYMMETRY; MODEL AB An analysis of x-ray data from two series of Z-pinch shots taken on the short current-risetime Saturn accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories [Proceedings of 6th International IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Arlington, VA, edited by P. J. Turchi and B. H. Bernstein (IEEE, New York, 1987), p. 310] is presented. In one series, the array radius was held constant and the array mass was varied; in the other series, the array mass was held constant and its radius varied. In both sets of experiments, large wire-number loads (N greater than or equal to 93) of aluminum were used in contrast to earlier small wire-number aluminum array experiments on Saturn where N less than or equal to 42. Average electron temperatures and ion densities were inferred from the data. In addition, from the measured size of the emission region of K-shell x rays and from the inferred ion density, a fraction of the total array mass that participated in the K-shell emission was inferred and found to be directly correlated to the K-shell yields that were measured. This paper also demonstrates that the yields varied as a function of array mass and radius in much closer agreement with predictions [J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1725 (1990)] than had been observed in the earlier small wire-number experiments. Thus, a serious misperception that the reason for the early disagreement was in the calculations and not in the experiments is corrected. These predictions were made using one-dimensional (1D) magnetohydrodynamics calculations. The density and temperature trends inferred from the data analysis are well-behaved and consistent with the 1D calculations. This data analysis confirms the importance of achieving uniform plasma initial conditions and implosion symmetry when comparing computer code calculations with experiment. When the wire number of an array load is increased, a more uniform shell of plasma is calculated initially as the wires explode and, as the plasma stagnates on axis, the x-ray powers and yields are found experimentally to approach the powers and yields predicted by 1D calculations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Berkeley Scholars, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Amer Ctr Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3708 EP 3717 DI 10.1063/1.1380695 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900023 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Davis, J Deeney, C Coverdale, CA AF Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Davis, J Deeney, C Coverdale, CA TI Comparative analysis of time-resolved and time-integrated x-ray data from long pulse Z-pinch implosions on Saturn SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID WIRE-ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; ALUMINUM-ARRAY; LINE SPECTRA; EMISSION; PLASMA; DENSITY; ENERGY; PHYSICS; MASS; TEMPERATURE AB Two series of Al:Mg wire array Z-pinch implosions were performed on the Saturn pulsed-power generator [R. B. Spielman , in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches, Laguna Beach, CA, 1989, edited by N. R. Pereira, J. Davis, and N. Rostoker (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1989), p. 3]. In one series, the wire number was varied, in the other, the load mass was varied. In all cases an initial array diameter of 40 mm was maintained. Sufficient x-ray data were obtained in these experiments to allow the plasma conditions to be inferred by matching x-ray data to that calculated by a collisional-radiative equilibrium (CRE) model. In fitting the data, the plasma has been assumed to be either uniform [zero dimension (0D)] or to vary one-dimensionally (1D) with radius. On one shot, a comparison of these two methods of data analysis performed with both time-resolved and time-integrated data has been carried out. While the same trends in plasma conditions as a function of load mass and wire number are seen, the uniform plasma assumption yields higher electron temperatures, lower core densities, but higher K-shell radiating mass fractions than those obtained from the 1D assumption. When comparing time-resolved and time-integrated spectroscopic data, a pronounced difference is seen in a density-sensitive line ratio whose time-resolved values corroborate experimental evidence that much of the K-shell radiation is emitted from a high density core plasma of spatial extent less than about 300 mum. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 8 BP 3799 EP 3809 DI 10.1063/1.1381565 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 453RU UT WOS:000169930900033 ER PT J AU Rossi, J Ritchie, GD McInturf, S Nordholm, AF AF Rossi, J Ritchie, GD McInturf, S Nordholm, AF TI Reduction of motor seizures in rats induced by the ethyl bicyclophosphate trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE anticonvulsants; bridged organophosphate; cage convulsant; ethyl bicyclophosphate; GABA; glutamate; rats; motor seizures; trimethylolpropane phosphate ID BICYCLIC PHOSPHORUS ESTERS; ABSENCE SEIZURES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; GABA; TOXICITY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSECTICIDES; INHIBITION; CONVULSANT; TIAGABINE AB 1. Trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) is a potent cage convulsant, reported to act through binding to the picrotoxinin and/or benzodiazepine receptor sites of the gamma-aminobutyricA (GABA(A)) ionophore complex. 2. Adult male Fischer-344 rats were pretreated by intraperitoneal (ip) injection with either diazepam (DZP) [0.5-5.0 mg/kg], Phenobarbital (PB) [5-20 mg/kg], dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) [0.5-3.0 mg/kg], Tiagabine (TGB) [0.5-5.0 mg/kg], 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), [5-20 mg/kg], or scopolamine [SCP] (0.25-1.0 mg/kg) 30 min prior to ip injection with a convulsive dose of TMPP (0.6 mg/kg). 3. Rats were rated for occurrence of convulsive activity for 120 min post-injection. Time From TMPP injection to observation of subclinical seizures, generalized (tonic-clonic) seizures, and lethality was rated for each pretreatment group. 4. In general, DZP = PB > TGB in reduction of TMPP subclinical and/or clinical seizures. MK-801, at dose levels inducing near sedation, was also effective in modulation of TMPP-induced seizures. SCP or DNQX were generally ineffective in reducing or eliminating TMPP-induced seizures. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2001 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1340 DI 10.1016/S0278-5846(01)00182-8 PG 18 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 445VM UT WOS:000169479300010 PM 11474848 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Jurgens-Whitehead, JL AF McDougal, JN Jurgens-Whitehead, JL TI Short-term dermal absorption and penetration of chemicals from aqueous solutions: Theory and experiment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dermal penetration; dibromomethane; aqueous solutions; showering; bathing; mathematical models; permeability coefficient; risk assessment ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; CHLOROFORM; WATER; PREDICTION; MODEL AB Dermal penetration of organic chemical-contaminated water from showering and bathing scenarios is a concern of regulatory agencies that have been tasked with determining safe exposure levels. During household showering and bathing, nearly the entire surface area of the body is exposed for short periods of time (5-15 minutes). The primary means of predicting body burden during brief exposures is to estimate total chemical penetrated from the steady-state penetration rate using a skin permeability coefficient. A variety of approaches has been recommended to estimate "body burden." The purpose of this investigation was to collect experimental data from short-term exposures to an organic chemical (dibromomethane [DBM]) in aqueous solution so that methods for estimating body burden could be compared. Rat skins were exposed in vitro to saturated aqueous solutions of DBM for 20 minutes and the amount of chemical in the receptor solution and the skin was analyzed. The total DBM mass in the receptor solution and the skin was taken to represent an in vivo body burden. These results were compared with the estimates of penetration from steady-state calculations, square root of time calculations, and a biologically based mathematical model. Results indicated that the amount of chemical in the skin and its fate during short exposures is important. The square root of time approach predicted total amount of chemical absorbed and penetrated better than did the steady-state approach. The biologically based mathematical model accurately predicted total body burden and could be used to distinguish between the amount of chemical in the skin and the amount of chemical that penetrated through the skin, which would be useful for understanding local toxicity. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Geo Ctrs Inc, AFRL HEST, 2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.214145 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 490PJ UT WOS:000172060000011 PM 11726022 ER PT J AU Moss, LR AF Moss, LR TI Bathythermograph recorder SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Def Warfare Syst Program Off, COMNAVSEASYSCOM PEO, SUB,Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Moss, LR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Def Warfare Syst Program Off, COMNAVSEASYSCOM PEO, SUB,Sea Syst Command, PMS415, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 42 IS 8 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 466PV UT WOS:000170654700007 ER PT J AU O'Connor, CJ Kolesnichenko, V Carpenter, E Sangregorio, C Zhou, WL Kumbhar, A Sims, J Agnoli, F AF O'Connor, CJ Kolesnichenko, V Carpenter, E Sangregorio, C Zhou, WL Kumbhar, A Sims, J Agnoli, F TI Fabrication and properties of magnetic particles with nanometer dimensions SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; reverse micelles; core-shell; superparamagnetism; ferrites; antiferromagnetic materials ID SIZE AB Novel nanocrystalline inorganic materials ranging from metals to ternary metal oxides and fluorides have been synthesized in aqueous solutions with restricted environment of reverse micelles. This technique allowed also sequential synthesis leading to a core-shell type structure. Methods of synthesis of nanoparticles of magnetic metals Fe, Co and alloys FePtX and CoPtX coated with gold, metal ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Fe and Co) and antiferromagnetic fluoromanganites NaMnF3 and KMnF3 have been developed. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, TEM microscopy with EDAX analysis and SQUID magnetometry. Novel physical properties of these materials are discussed with emphasis given to the differences between course and fine-grained magnetic materials. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP O'Connor, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Sangregorio, Claudio/0000-0002-2655-3901 NR 17 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 547 EP 557 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00328-9 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 459TP UT WOS:000170267800014 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Cassidy, G Pivacek, LE Ragno, G Lieberthal, W Crowley, JP Khuri, SF Loscalzo, J AF Valeri, CR Cassidy, G Pivacek, LE Ragno, G Lieberthal, W Crowley, JP Khuri, SF Loscalzo, J TI Anemia-induced increase in the bleeding time: implications for treatment of nonsurgical blood loss SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RED-CELL TRANSFUSION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; PLATELET-FUNCTION; MODIFIED ULTRAFILTRATION; ERYTHROCYTES; HEMATOCRIT; DYSFUNCTION; RECRUITMENT; TEMPERATURE; OPERATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Preoperative bleeding time (BT) does not correlate with postoperative bleeding in patients subjected to surgical procedures. A significant positive correlation has been reported between the BT 2 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and the nonsurgical blood loss during the first 4 hours after bypass surgery. This study was done to investigate the effect of Hct and platelet count on the BT measurement in normal, healthy men and women. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To assess the relative effect of RBCs and platelets on the BT, 22 healthy male and 7 healthy female volunteers were subjected to the removal of 2 units of RBCs (360 mL), followed by the return of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from both units and the infusion of 1000 mL of 0.9-percent NaCl. Four of the men and all seven women received their RBCs 1 hour after their removal. Shed blood levels of thromboxane B-2 (TXB2), 6-keto prostaglandin F-1 alpha, and peripheral venous Hot were measured. BTs were measured in 15 men and 13 women before and after a plateletpheresis procedure to collect 3.6 x 10(11) platelets per unit. RESULTS: The 2-unit RBC apheresis procedure produced a 60-percent increase in the BT associated with a 15-percent reduction in the peripheral venous Hct and a 9-percent reduction in the platelet count. The plateletpheresis procedure produced a 32-percent decrease in the platelet count, no change in peripheral venous Hct, and no change in the BT. After the removal of 2 units of RBCs, the shed blood TXB2 level decreased significantly. Reinfusion of 2 units of RBCs restored the BT and restored the TXB2 level to the baseline levels. CONCLUSION: The acute reduction in Hct produced a reversible platelet dysfunction manifested by an increase in BT and a decrease in the shed blood TXB2 level at the template BT site. Return of the RBCs restored both the BT and the shed blood TXB2 level to normal. The platelet dysfunction observed with the reduction in Hot was due in part to a reduction in shed blood TXB2 and other, unknown mechanisms. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Blood Res Lab, USN, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Evans Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brockton W Roxbury Vet Adm Med Ctr, W Roxbury, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Blood Res Lab, USN, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 36 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2001 VL 41 IS 8 BP 977 EP 983 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41080977.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 459JP UT WOS:000170247500003 PM 11493727 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Pivacek, LE Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR Pivacek, LE Ragno, G TI The quality of RBCs stored in CPD/ADSOL SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID STORAGE C1 USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston Univ, Sch Med, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2001 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1072 EP 1072 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41081072.x PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 459JP UT WOS:000170247500018 PM 11493742 ER PT J AU Stenger, DA Gross, GW Keefer, EW Shaffer, KM Andreadis, JD Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ AF Stenger, DA Gross, GW Keefer, EW Shaffer, KM Andreadis, JD Ma, W Pancrazio, JJ TI Detection of physiologically active compounds using cell-based biosensors SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COMPLEMENTARY-DNA MICROARRAY; IN-VITRO; NEURONAL NETWORKS; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE PHOSPHATE; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; NEURITE EXTENSION; SCAFFOLD; TOXICITY; ARRAYS; SYSTEM AB Cell-based biosensors are portable devices that contain living biological cells that monitor physiological changes induced by exposure to environmental perturbations such as toxicants, pathogens or other agents. Methods of detecting physiological changes include extracellular electrical recordings, optical measurements, and, in the future, functional genomics and proteomics. Several technical developments are occurring that will increase the feasibility of cell-based biosensors for field applications; these developments include stem cell and 3D culture technologies. Possible scenarios for the use of cell-based biosensors include broad-range detectors of unknown threat agents and functional assessment of identified agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015; OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690; Keefer, Edward/0000-0002-0470-9186 NR 44 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 8 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01690-0 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 456KH UT WOS:000170081300005 PM 11451472 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Kane, CJ Malkowicz, SB AF Moul, JW Kane, CJ Malkowicz, SB TI The role of imaging studies and molecular markers for selecting candidates for radical prostatectomy SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; PROSTATIC-CARCINOMA; PATHOLOGICAL STAGE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BONE-MARROW; MICROVESSEL DENSITY; RADIATION-THERAPY; CANCER PATIENTS; HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION AB This article reviews the contemporary value of imaging studies in the evaluation of radical prostatectomy candidates. This article discusses the emerging concept of molecular marker tests on prostate biopsy material or of other body samples such as blood or bone marrow to help better assess micrometastases or risk of recurrence. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Penn, Div Urol, Hlth Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 131 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 459 EP + DI 10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70155-5 PG 15 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 475LM UT WOS:000171165600003 PM 11590806 ER PT J AU Nielsen, CP Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Nielsen, CP Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI Genetic engineering and trade: Panacea or dilemma for developing countries SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; agricultural trade; global trade patterns; preferences; multiregion CGE modeling AB Advocates of the use of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture contend that this new biotechnology promises increased productivity, better use of natural resources and more nutritious foods. Opponents are concerned about potentially adverse implications for the environment and food safety. In response to consumer reactions against genetically modified (GM) foods, in some countries crop production is being segregated into GM and non-GM varieties. This analysis finds that world markets for maize and soybeans adjust well to these changes and also that developing countries will divert their trade patterns in response to preference changes in important trading partner countries. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1324 PG 18 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 461XU UT WOS:000170389800002 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Shashidhar, R Nikolov, N Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Shashidhar, R Nikolov, N Kafafi, ZH TI Hole injection barriers at polymer anode/small molecule interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; INDIUM TIN OXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANODES; PHOTOEMISSION; POLYANILINE; TRANSPORT AB A photoemission study of the interface between spin-cast films of a conducting polymer blend consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and glycerol as an additive, and vacuum-evaporated hole transport layers (HTL) of 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1-1'biphenyl-4,4'-diamine and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine reveals a hole injection barrier between 0.5 and 0.9 eV at the glycerol-modified PEDOT-PSS/HTL interface. The measured energy barriers imply a reasonable charge injection, which is very encouraging for further development of the novel anode structures based on a conducting polymer/small molecule interface to be utilized in electro-optic applications such as organic light-emitting devices. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 557 EP 559 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 455FB UT WOS:000170015900001 ER PT J AU Klingelhofer, F Minshull, TA Blackman, DK Harben, P Childers, V AF Klingelhofer, F Minshull, TA Blackman, DK Harben, P Childers, V TI Crustal structure of Ascension Island from wide-angle seismic data: implications for the formation of near-ridge volcanic islands SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; volcanic centers; Ascension Island; refraction methods; flexure; crust ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; EMPEROR SEAMOUNT CHAIN; LITHOSPHERIC FLEXURE; STRUCTURE BENEATH; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; JASPER SEAMOUNT; CANARY-ISLANDS; MANTLE PLUMES; LA REUNION; HOTSPOT AB The study of the internal structure of volcanic islands is important for understanding how such islands form and how the lithosphere deforms beneath them. Studies to date have focused on very large volcanic edifices (e.g., Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas), but less attention has been paid to smaller islands, which are more common. Ascension Island, a 4-km high volcanic edifice with a basal diameter of 60 kin, is located in the equatorial Atlantic (8 degreesS), 90 km west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on 7 Ma oceanic lithosphere. We present results of a wide-angle seismic profile crossing the island revealing a crustal thickness of 12-13 kin, an overthickened layer 3 (7 kin thick) and little evidence of lithospheric flexure. Together these results suggest Ascension Island may be older than previously assumed and may have begun forming at an on-axis position around 6-7 Ma. This hypothesis is further supported by the presence of a young 1.4-km high edifice directly adjacent to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with a volume about 1/7 that of Ascension Island, possibly representing the earliest stages of seamount formation. Excess magmatism appears to be related to the tectonic setting at the ridge-fracture zone intersection. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Scripps Inst Oceanog, IGPP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Cambridge, Bullard Labs, Dept Earth Sci, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, England. EM frauke@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Minshull, Timothy/D-1147-2010 OI Minshull, Timothy/0000-0002-8202-1379 NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2001 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00362-4 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 456MU UT WOS:000170087300004 ER PT J AU Robertson, A Overpeck, J Rind, D Mosley-Thompson, E Zielinski, G Lean, J Koch, D Penner, J Tegen, I Healy, R AF Robertson, A Overpeck, J Rind, D Mosley-Thompson, E Zielinski, G Lean, J Koch, D Penner, J Tegen, I Healy, R TI Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ICE CORE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; ANTARCTIC ICE; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; 6 CENTURIES; RECORD AB A new compilation of annually resolved time series of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, solar irradiance, tropospheric aerosol optical depth, and stratospheric (volcanic) aerosol optical depth is presented for use in climate modeling studies of the period 1500 to 1999 A.D. Atmospheric CO2 CH4, and N2O concentrations over this period are well established on the basis of fossil air trapped in ice cores and instrumental measurements over the last few decades. Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m(2), are presented using calibrated historical observations of the Sun back to 1610, along with cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Tropospheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO2 emissions; prior to 1860 the anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol optical depths are assumed to be zero. Finally, the first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged stratospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and pyrheliometric) observations. The climate forcings generated here are currently being used as input to a suite of transient (time dependent) paleoclimate model simulations of the past 500 years. These forcings are also available for comparison with instrumental and proxy paleoclimate data of the same period. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Maine, Inst Quaternary Studies, Climate Studies Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015; OI Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 89 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D14 BP 14783 EP 14803 DI 10.1029/2000JD900469 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 456YE UT WOS:000170109700004 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Wang, Q Jordan, RE Persson, POG AF Wang, SP Wang, Q Jordan, RE Persson, POG TI Interactions among longwave radiation of clouds, turbulence, and snow surface temperature in the Arctic: A model sensitivity study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE; STRATUS CLOUDS AB Recent observations have shown that low-level clouds have significant impact on snow surface temperature in the Arctic by enhancing downwelling longwave radiative flux at the surface. This study focuses on the detailed interactions among the longwave radiation, clouds, turbulent structure, and snow surface temperature. The approach is to perform sensitivity simulations with a coupled one-dimensional planetary boundary layer (PBL) turbulence closure-snow model. The numerical experiments show that the responses of the snow surface temperature to the cloud longwave radiation may depend on how the clouds are related to the boundary layer turbulent structure. For a cloud-topped boundary layer without upper level clouds, longwave radiative cooling at the cloud top is a main source for the turbulence. In this situation the energetic turbulent eddies effectively transport the radiatively cooled air near the cloud top down to the ground, resulting in a strong sensible heat flux at the surface. When multilayered clouds exist, the radiative cooling at the lower-level cloud top is significantly reduced due to the enhanced downward longwave radiative flux above the cloud, leading to a higher temperature of surface air and weaker positive sensible heat flux at the surface. Consequently, the snow surface temperature is higher in the presence of the multilayered clouds than in cases of only boundary layer clouds. Therefore the boundary layer clouds, dependent on their vertical distribution, may not only increase the snow surface temperature by increasing the downwelling longwave radiative flux but also create negative feedback mechanisms to reduce this temperature increase. A key process in this feedback mechanism is turbulent transport as it directly links the longwave radiative cooling at the cloud top to the surface air temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D14 BP 15323 EP 15333 DI 10.1029/2000JD900358 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 456YE UT WOS:000170109700042 ER PT J AU Pierre-Louis, O Haftel, MI AF Pierre-Louis, O Haftel, MI TI Oscillatory driving of crystal surfaces: A route to controlled pattern formation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTROMIGRATION; DIFFUSION AB We show that the oscillatory driving of crystal surfaces can induce pattern formation or smoothening. Depending on driving conditions, step bunching and meandering, mound formation, or surface smoothening may be seen in the presence of a kinetic asymmetry at the steps or kinks. We employ a step model to calculate the induced mass flux along misoriented surfaces, which accounts for surface dynamics and stability. Slope selection, surface metastability, and frequency-dependent surface stability are found. Quantitative predictions for pattern formation on metal surfaces in an electrolyte are provided. C1 UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LSP, GREPHE, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pierre-Louis, O (reprint author), UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LSP, GREPHE, BP 87, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. RI Pierre-Louis, Olivier/B-6525-2017 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 4 AR 048701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.048701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 456AV UT WOS:000170060700049 PM 11461651 ER PT J AU Billings, L Schwartz, IB Pancrazio, JJ Schnur, JM AF Billings, L Schwartz, IB Pancrazio, JJ Schnur, JM TI Dynamic and geometric analysis of short time series: a new comparative approach to cell-based biosensors SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE spiking; neurons; time series; nonlinear dynamics; biosensors; delay embedding ID NEURON MODELS; MOTONEURON; ATTRACTORS; NOISE; AXONS AB This Letter describes two approaches for sensing changes in spiking cells when only a limited amount of spike data is available. The first method detects changes in dynamically constructed local expansion rates, and the other uses spike area distributions. These two methods were tested on time series from cultured neurons. Over-sampled data was generated from experiments on single cells before and after being treated with a small concentration of channel blocker, but relatively few spikes were recorded. In the spontaneously spiking cells, the local expansion rates showed a sensitivity that correlated with the channel concentration level, while the driven cells showed no such correlation. Spike area distributions showed measurable differences between control and treated conditions for both types of spiking, and a much higher degree of sensitivity. Because these methods are based on analysis of short time series analysis, they might provide novel means for cell drug and toxin detection. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 23 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00400-5 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 461NA UT WOS:000170369300023 ER PT J AU Gillespie, DT AF Gillespie, DT TI Approximate accelerated stochastic simulation of chemically reacting systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION AB The stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) is an essentially exact procedure for numerically simulating the time evolution of a well-stirred chemically reacting system. Despite recent major improvements in the efficiency of the SSA, its drawback remains the great amount of computer time that is often required to simulate a desired amount of system time. Presented here is the "tau -leap" method, an approximate procedure that in some circumstances can produce significant gains in simulation speed with acceptable losses in accuracy. Some primitive strategies for control parameter selection and error mitigation for the tau -leap method are described, and simulation results for two simple model systems are exhibited. With further refinement, the tau -leap method should provide a viable way of segueing from the exact SSA to the approximate chemical Langevin equation, and thence to the conventional deterministic reaction rate equation, as the system size becomes larger. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gillespie, DT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Code 4T4100D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 12 TC 779 Z9 799 U1 9 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1716 EP 1733 DI 10.1063/1.1378322 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451JY UT WOS:000169800000010 ER PT J AU Swanson, NL Billard, BD Gehman, VM Gennaro, TL AF Swanson, NL Billard, BD Gehman, VM Gennaro, TL TI Application of the small-angle approximation to ocean water types SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; LIMITS AB The small-angle approximation to the radiative transport equation is applied to particle suspensions that emulate ocean water. A particle size distribution is constructed from polystyrene and glass spheres with the best available data for particle size distributions in the ocean. A volume scattering function is calculated from the Mie theory for the particles in water and in oil. The refractive-index ratios of particles in water and particles in oil are 1.19 and 1.01, respectively. The ratio 1.19 is comparable to minerals and nonliving diatoms in ocean water, and the ratio 1.01 is comparable to the lower limit for microbes in water. The point-spread functions are measured as a function of optical thickness for both water and oil mixtures and compared with the point-spread functions generated from the small-angle approximation. Our results show that, under conditions that emulate ocean water, the small-angle approximation is valid only for small optical thicknesses. Specifically, the approximation is valid only for optical thicknesses less than 3. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Soc PhotoOpt Instrumentat Engineers, Bellingham, WA 98227 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Swanson, NL (reprint author), Soc PhotoOpt Instrumentat Engineers, POB 10, Bellingham, WA 98227 USA. EM billardbd@nswc.navy.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 21 BP 3608 EP 3613 DI 10.1364/AO.40.003608 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 453TG UT WOS:000169932100024 PM 18360390 ER PT J AU Chandler, AM Koh, DT Lamb, RC Macomb, DJ Mattox, JR Prince, TA Ray, PS AF Chandler, AM Koh, DT Lamb, RC Macomb, DJ Mattox, JR Prince, TA Ray, PS TI A search for radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; pulsars : general ID EXPERIMENT TELESCOPE EGRET; MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; X-RAY; MILLISECOND PULSAR; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; EMISSION; CATALOG; GEMINGA; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION AB Most Galactic point sources of gamma rays remain unidentified. The few (extrasolar) sources that have been identified are all young, rotation-powered pulsars, all but one of which were identified using radio ephemerides. The radio-quiet Geminga pulsar was identified only after pulsations were discovered in a coincident X-ray source. Observational evidence indicates that many of the unidentified Galactic sources are likely to be pulsars, and some theoretical models predict a potentially large population of radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars. We present a new method for performing sensitive gamma-ray pulsar searches. We used this method to search several of the strongest EGRET sources for pulsations. This was a blind search for new pulsars, covering a frequency and a frequency-derivative phase space large enough to detect Crab-like pulsars as well as lower frequency, high magnetic field "magnetars." No new pulsars were discovered, and we report upper limits constraining the characteristics of any signals contained in the data sets searched. C1 CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chandler, AM (reprint author), CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, MS 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM amc@srl.caltech.edu; lamb@srl.caltech.edu; macomb@gsfc.nasa.gov; mattox@bu.edu; prince@srl.caltech.edu; paul.ray@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1086/321573 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460PN UT WOS:000170317900007 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Humi, M AF Dermer, CD Humi, M TI Adiabatic losses and stochastic particle acceleration in gamma-ray burst blast waves SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory; MHD ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; IMPULSIVE SOLAR-FLARES; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC FIREBALLS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SHOCK ACCELERATION; MODELS; NEUTRINOS; SYNCHROTRON; EMISSION AB We treat the problem of adiabatic losses and stochastic particle acceleration in gamma-ray burst (GRB) blast waves that decelerate by sweeping up matter from an external medium. The shocked fluid is assumed to be represented by a homogeneous expanding shell. The energy lost by nonthermal particles through adiabatic expansion is converted to the bulk kinetic energy of the outflow, permitting the evolution of the bulk Lorentz factor Gamma of the blast wave to be self-consistently calculated. The behavior of the system is shown to reproduce the hydrodynamic self-similar solutions in the relativistic and nonrelativistic limits, and the formalism is applicable to scenarios that are intermediate between the adiabatic and fully radiative regimes. Nonthermal particle energization through stochastic gyroresonant acceleration with magnetic turbulence in the blast wave is treated by employing energy-gain rates and diffusive escape timescales based on expressions derived in the quasi-linear regime. If the magnetic field in the shocked fluid approaches its equipartition value, this process can accelerate escaping particles to greater than or similar to 10(20) eV energies, consistent with the hypothesis that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are accelerated by GRB blast waves. Because of particle trapping by the magnetic turbulence, only the highest energy particles can escape during the prompt and afterglow phases of a GRB for acceleration by a Kolmogorov spectrum of MHD turbulence. Lower energy particles begin to escape as the blast wave becomes nonrelativistic and shock Fermi acceleration becomes more important. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 57 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 556 IS 1 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1086/321580 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 460PN UT WOS:000170317900044 ER PT J AU Lott, DA Antman, SS Szymczak, WG AF Lott, DA Antman, SS Szymczak, WG TI The quasilinear wave equation for antiplane shearing of nonlinearly elastic bodies SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear elasticity; antiplane motions; finite-difference methods; polar singularities ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; RIEMANN PROBLEM; CONSERVATION-LAWS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; PROJECTION METHOD; EULER EQUATIONS; GRIDS; CAVITATION; SOLIDS AB We formulate an efficient numerical algorithm based on finite-difference approximations and inspired by algorithms from gas dynamics to treat the quasilinear wave equation w(11) = [alpha (w(x)(2) + w(y)(2))w(x)](x) + [alpha (w(x)(2) + w(y)(2))w(y)](y). governing antiplane motions of incompressible, isotropic nonlinearly elastic bodies in two-dimensions. In particular, we are concerned with the treatment of focusing and shocks for bodies whose material response differs markedly from that of linear elasticity. We carefully validate our method by comparing our results with those of the axisymmetric version of this equation in polar coordinates. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Ctr Appl Math & Stat, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lott, DA (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Ctr Appl Math & Stat, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 171 IS 1 BP 201 EP 226 DI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6783 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 457ME UT WOS:000170140500009 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, AD TI Finite cyclic quantum state machines: a topological perspective SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article AB Finite cyclic quantum state machines (FCQSMs) are characterized by free actions of finite cyclic groups upon odd-dimensional spheres. This provides for a covering space representation for all such machines. FCQSM simulation, as well as simple, quotient, and split FCQSMs are defined within this context. The notions of dynamical and process symmetries for FCQSMs are introduced and it is shown that although all FCQSMs obey a weak version of a FCQSM symmetry principle, only those which adhere to a strong version of this principle can simulate special FCQSMs defined by their dynamical symmetries. Finally, a simulation complexity index and an induced topological complexity index are defined for FCQSMs and an order relation is developed in terms of these indices which serves as a more precise statement of the weak version of the FCQSM symmetry principle. These indices are also shown to be related to FCQSMs which do not conform to the strong version of the FCQSM symmetry principle. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 28 BP 5731 EP 5743 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/34/28/309 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 457JH UT WOS:000170133400011 ER PT J AU Rossi, J Nordholm, AF Carpenter, RL Ritchie, GD Malcomb, W AF Rossi, J Nordholm, AF Carpenter, RL Ritchie, GD Malcomb, W TI Effects of repeated exposure of rats to JP-5 or JP-8 jet fuel vapor on neurobehavioral capacity and neurotransmitter levels SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FISCHER-344 RATS; TERM EXPOSURE; SUBSTANCE-P; IN-VIVO; TOLUENE; WORKERS; DOPAMINE; STRIATUM AB The U.S. Naval Service is anticipating transition from the nearly exclusive use of JP-5 jet fuel to predominant use of JP-8, consistent with the primary utilization by the U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and the militaries of most NATO countries. To compare the relative risk of repeated exposure to JP-5 versus JP-8 vapor, groups of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were exposed for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 6 wk (180 h) to JP-8 jet fuel vapor (1000 +/- 10% mg/m(3)), JP-5 vapor (1200 +/- 10% mg/m(3)), or room air control conditions. Following a 65-d rest period, rats completed 10 tests selected from the Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assessment Battery (NTAB) to evaluate changes in performance capacity. Repeated exposure to JP-5 resulted in significant effects on only one test, forelimb grip strength (FGS), while exposure to JP-8 vapor resulted in a significant difference versus controls on appetitive reinforcer approach sensitization (ARAS). Rats were further evaluated for concentrations of major neurotransmitters and metabolites in five brain regions and in the blood serum. Levels of dopamine, the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and the serotonin metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were significant ly modulated in various brain regions, as measured 85+ d postexposure. Similarly, serum levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were differentially modulated following JP-8 or JP-5 exposure. Results are compared to previously published research evaluating the neurotoxicity of repeated exposure to other hydrocarbon fuels and solvents. C1 USN, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. ManTech Environm Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), NRHC TD, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 77 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUL 20 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 BP 397 EP 428 DI 10.1080/152873901300343452 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 456MR UT WOS:000170087000001 PM 11482797 ER PT J AU Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA TI Packing-density effects on the friction of n-alkane monolayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; CH3-TERMINATED FILMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-SURFACES; AU(111); GOLD; DIAMOND; COMPRESSION AB The classical molecular dynamics simulations presented here examine the tribology associated with the sliding of a hydrogen-terminated diamond counterface across a monolayer of n-alkane chains that are covalently bound to a diamond substrate. Two systems using chains of fixed length (18 carbon atoms per chain) on diamond (111) are examined: a tightly packed (2 x 2) arrangement and a loosely packed system with approximately 30% fewer chains. Both systems give a similar average friction at low loads. Under high loads, the tightly packed monolayer exhibits significantly lower friction than the loosely packed monolayer. While the movement of chains is greatly constricted in both systems, the tightly packed monolayer under high loads is clearly more uniform in geometry and more constrained with respect to the movement of individual chains than the loosely packed monolayer. This suggests that efficient packing of the chains is responsible for the lower friction for tight packing under high load. This is supported by the fact that sliding initiates larger bond-length fluctuations in the loosely packed system, which ultimately lead to more energy dissipation via vibration. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 52 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 18 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 28 BP 6873 EP 6881 DI 10.1021/ja010189u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 451LF UT WOS:000169803000017 ER PT J AU Perez-Prado, MT Gonzalez-Doncel, G Ruano, OA McNelley, TR AF Perez-Prado, MT Gonzalez-Doncel, G Ruano, OA McNelley, TR TI Texture analysis of the transition from slip to grain boundary sliding in a discontinuously recrystallized superplastic aluminum alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; recrystallization & recovery; grain boundaries; creep; superplasticity ID AL-MG ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; MICROTEXTURE; REFINEMENT; CREEP AB Texture and microtexture measurements were correlated with mechanical property data for a superplastic 5083 aluminum alloy. Prior processing had included an overaging treatment followed by severe rolling deformation and the as-received material was annealed prior to mechanical testing. Discontinuous recrystallization by particle-stimulated nucleation during the annealing accounts for a predominantly random texture, although a weak {100}< 0vw > component was present, as well as a random grain boundary disorientation angle distribution. During elevated temperature deformation under dislocation-creep-controlled conditions, a distinct < 111 > fiber component and a relatively weal; {100}< 001 > cube orientation, which are mutually compatible during uniaxial tensile extension, became apparent in the texture. Also, low-angle boundaries became evident in the disorientation distribution. In contrast, the random texture component and the randomness of the disorientation distribution became more evident when the material was deformed under conditions of grain boundary sliding control of deformation. A transition from dislocation creep to grain boundary sliding observed in the microtexture measurements of this work may be predicted by treating constitutive equations for dislocation creep and grain boundary sliding in an additive manner. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CSIC, Ctr nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Fis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Perez-Prado, Maria Teresa/M-2050-2014; Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Perez-Prado, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-0758-2851; Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 39 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 17 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2259 EP 2268 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00128-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 451PY UT WOS:000169811500014 ER EF