FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Levendowski, DJ Westbrook, P Berka, C Popovic, MV Ensign, WY Pineda, JA Zavora, T Lumicao, MN Zivkovic, VT AF Levendowski, DJ Westbrook, P Berka, C Popovic, MV Ensign, WY Pineda, JA Zavora, T Lumicao, MN Zivkovic, VT TI Event-related potentials during a psychomotor vigilance task in sleep apnea patients and healthy subjects SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID P300 C1 Univ Belgrade, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 655 BP A462 EP A463 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200656 ER PT J AU Mitler, M Westbrook, P Levendowski, DJ Ensign, WY Olmstead, RE Berka, C Davis, G Lumicao, MN Cventovic, M Petrovic, MM AF Mitler, M Westbrook, P Levendowski, DJ Ensign, WY Olmstead, RE Berka, C Davis, G Lumicao, MN Cventovic, M Petrovic, MM TI Validation of automated EEG quantification of alertness: Methods for early identification of individuals most susceptible to sleep deprivation SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific Sleep Med Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles CA Healthcare Sys, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 196 BP A147 EP A148 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200198 ER PT J AU Traynor, TR Alt, JA Obal, F Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Traynor, TR Alt, JA Obal, F Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI Sleep and body temperature in mice lacking a functional GHRH receptor SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Albert Szent Gyorgyi Med Univ, Dept Physiol, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 404 BP A295 EP A295 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200406 ER PT J AU Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Rockosi, C Grebel, EK Rix, HW Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hennessy, G Hindsley, RB Ibata, R Ivezic, Z Lamb, D Nash, ET Odenkirchen, M Rave, HA Schneider, DP Smith, JA Stolte, A York, DG AF Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Rockosi, C Grebel, EK Rix, HW Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hennessy, G Hindsley, RB Ibata, R Ivezic, Z Lamb, D Nash, ET Odenkirchen, M Rave, HA Schneider, DP Smith, JA Stolte, A York, DG TI The ghost of Sagittarius and lumps in the halo of the Milky Way SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; GALACTIC THICK DISK; TIDAL STREAMS; STELLAR HALO; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; STAR COUNTS; KINEMATICS; FIELD AB We identify new structures in the halo of the Milky Way from positions, colors, and magnitudes of five million stars detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Most of these stars are within 1.degrees26 of the celestial equator. We present color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) for stars in two previously discovered, tidally disrupted structures. The CMDs and turnoff colors are consistent with those of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, as had been predicted. In one direction, we are even able to detect a clump of red stars, similar to that of the Sagittarius dwarf, from stars spread across 110 deg(2) of sky. Focusing on stars with the colors of F turnoff objects, we identify at least five additional overdensities of stars. Four of these may be pieces of the same halo structure, which would cover a region of the sky at least 40 in diameter, at a distance of 11 kpc from the Sun (18 kpc from the center of the Galaxy). The turnoff is significantly bluer than that of thick-disk stars, yet the stars lie closer to the Galactic plane than a power-law spheroid predicts. We suggest two models to explain this new structure. One possibility is that this new structure could be a new dwarf satellite of the Milky Way, hidden in the Galactic plane and in the process of being tidally disrupted. The other possibility is that it could be part of a disklike distribution of stars which is metal-poor, with a scale height of approximately 2 kpc and a scale length of approximately 10 kpc. The fifth overdensity, which is 20 kpc away, is some distance from the Sagittarius dwarf streamer orbit and is not associated with any known Galactic structure. We have tentatively identified a sixth overdensity in the halo. If this sixth structure is instead part of a smooth distribution of halo stars (the spheroid), then the spheroid must be very flattened, with axial ratio q = 0.5. It is likely that there are many smaller streams of stars in the Galactic halo. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys & Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM heidi@rpi.edu; yanny@fnal.gov RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 70 TC 461 Z9 467 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 569 IS 1 BP 245 EP 274 DI 10.1086/338983 PN 1 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539NF UT WOS:000174876800021 ER PT J AU Beall, JH Bednarek, W AF Beall, JH Bednarek, W TI Neutrinos from early-phase, pulsar-driven supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neutrinos; pulsars : general; radiation mechanisms : general supernovae : general ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CRAB-NEBULA; NEUTRON-STARS; ENERGY NEUTRINOS; COSMIC-RAYS; WINDS; FIREBALLS; ACCELERATION; MODELS AB Neutron stars, just after their formation, are surrounded by expanding, dense, and very hot envelopes that radiate thermal photons. Iron nuclei can be accelerated in the wind zones of such energetic pulsars to very high energies. These nuclei photodisintegrate, and their products lose energy efficiently in collisions with thermal photons and with the matter of the envelope, mainly via pion production. When the temperature of the radiation inside the envelope of the supernova drops below similar to3x10(6) K, these pions decay before losing energy and produce high-energy neutrinos. We estimate the flux of muon neutrinos emitted during such an early phase of the pulsar-supernova envelope interaction. We find that a 1 km(2) neutrino detector should be able to detect neutrinos above 1 TeV within about 1 yr after the explosion from a supernova in our Galaxy. This result holds if these pulsars are able to efficiently accelerate nuclei to energies similar to10(20) eV, as postulated recently by some authors for models of Galactic acceleration of the extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHE CRs). C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. Univ Lodz, Dept Expt Phys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. RP Beall, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 569 IS 1 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1086/339276 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539NF UT WOS:000174876800029 ER PT J AU Brandt, WN Schneider, DP Fan, XH Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Richards, GT Anderson, SF Vanden Berk, DE Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Chen, B Hennessy, GS Lamb, DQ Voges, W York, DG AF Brandt, WN Schneider, DP Fan, XH Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Richards, GT Anderson, SF Vanden Berk, DE Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Chen, B Hennessy, GS Lamb, DQ Voges, W York, DG TI Exploratory Chandra observations of the three highest redshift quasars known SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei; quasars : general; quasars : individual (SDSS J083643.85+005453.3; SDSS J130608.26+035626.3, SDSS J130608.26+035626.3); X-rays : galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RAY-SELECTED QUASAR; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; DISCOVERY; SAMPLE; NUMBERS; QSO AB We report on exploratory Chandra observations of the three highest redshift quasars known (z = 5.82, 5.99, and 6.28), all found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These data, combined with a previous XMM-Newton observation of a z = 5.74 quasar, form a complete set of color-selected, z > 5.7 quasars. X- ray emission is detected from all of the quasars at levels that indicate that the X-ray-to-optical flux ratios of z approximate to 6, optically selected quasars are similar to those of lower redshift quasars. The observations demonstrate that it will be feasible to obtain quality X-ray spectra of z approximate to 6 quasars with current and future X- ray missions. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. European Space Agcy VILSPA, XMM Sci Operat Ctr, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Brandt, WN (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 569 IS 1 BP L5 EP L9 DI 10.1086/340581 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539PE UT WOS:000174879000002 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Williams, KL Lavoie, DL AF Briggs, KB Williams, KL Lavoie, DL TI The effects of sediment structure on geoacoustic properties SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00222-5 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000001 ER PT J AU Anandarajah, A Lavoie, D AF Anandarajah, A Lavoie, D TI Numerical simulation of the microstructure and compression behavior of Eckernforde Bay sediments SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microstructure; clays; transmission electron microscopy; discrete element method; compressibility; image analysis ID FABRIC ANISOTROPY; ELEMENT METHOD; PARTICLES; MODEL; SOIL AB Transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies conducted on sediments recovered using diver-collected cores and gravity cores from Eckernforde Bay in the Baltic Sea, Germany, reveal that the sediments consist of silt- to clay-sized sediment, both free and bound into fecal pellets, organic matter, biogenic materials, methane gas and microorganisms. The microstructure of the upper 2 m of the sediment is complex, with the clay particles arranged in a very open structure with variable inter- and intra-domain pore space. In an effort to understand the relationship between microscopic variables (e.g., microfabric) and macroscopic geotechnical properties (e.g., compressibility), a numerical study was performed using the discrete element method. The objective of this study was to develop an understanding of the micro- to macro-linkage of mechanical properties. Specifically, one-dimensional compression behavior of the sediment was numerically simulated and compared with experimental data. Compositional parameters of the sediment were obtained from specific tests conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory and from tests conducted by other researchers participating in the project. Image analysis was used to quantify the microfabric parameters from TEM images of the sediment. The effect of organic matter was simulated by introducing inter-particle contact cementation. Results indicate that inter-particle bonding due to inter-particle cementation and/or the van der Waals attractive force (1) contributes to the apparent overconsolidation observed in the laboratory and (2) holds the highly porous, unstable microstructure together until a threshold stress level is reached. Change in void ratio during compression is due to inter-, rather than intra-domain movement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Anandarajah, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 27 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00226-2 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000002 ER PT J AU Jackson, PD Briggs, KB Flint, RC Holyer, RJ Sandidge, JC AF Jackson, PD Briggs, KB Flint, RC Holyer, RJ Sandidge, JC TI Two- and three-dimensional heterogeneity in carbonate sediments using resistivity imaging SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrical resistivity; porosity; carbonate sediments; sediment microstructure ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SEA-FLOOR; POROSITY; VARIABILITY; BACKSCATTER; INVERSION; DENSITY; MODELS AB Volume heterogeneity was investigated in carbonate sediments using fine-scale electrical resistivity data, which are sensitive to porosity and to sediment macrostructure and microstructure. Variability in sediment density and porosity was assessed by X-radiographic and two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity measurements in 3-cm-thick slabs collected from the Dry Tortugas in the lower Florida Keys. A comparison of the 2D correlation lengths calculated from each assessment indicates that, using methods that differ in resolution, these two methods measure quite different horizontal and vertical fluctuations in sediment density and porosity. Other electrical resistivity experiments were conducted using a 2D network of resistivity electrodes on the surface of freshly collected box cores. The resulting three-dimensional (313) resistivity data provide a unique insight into the spatial variability of sediment porosity and structure at the cm scale. Complementary X-radiograph cores provide 2D datasets of resistivity and porosity at higher resolution. These data are used to establish the porosity-resistivity-micro structure relationships for these carbonate sediments, with microstructure being described in terms of tortuosity. These relationships are used to extend our interpretation in terms of porosity and tortuosity to the corresponding 3D box core resistivity datasets. Sediment tortuosity is investigated by numerically modeling the flow of electrical currents through a range of pore morphologies in three dimensions. The results show particular sensitivity to the intra-particle porosity, particle shape and the relative sizes of pores and throats. The 3D methodology shows promise as a non-invasive measurement of buried inhomogeneities that could lead to improving models for predicting acoustic backscattering from the sediment volume. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Math Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jackson, PD (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 76 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00228-6 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00228-6 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000004 ER PT J AU Brandes, HG Silva, AJ Walter, DJ AF Brandes, HG Silva, AJ Walter, DJ TI Geo-acoustic characterization of calcareous seabed in the Florida Keys SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcareous sediment; acoustic properties; geotechnical properties; environmental processes; carbonate content ID CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; DRY TORTUGAS; ENVIRONMENT AB Geotechnical and acoustic measurements on a set of 35 gravity cores and I I box cores from two calcareous seabed locations in the lower Florida Keys that are characterized by contrasting environmental settings show significant differences in terms of vertical profiles of physical, acoustic, and geotechnical properties. The lower energy study site of the two is sheltered by the adjacent Dry Tortugas platform complex and reveals a higher porosity surface interval with significant changes in water content, density, and compressional wave velocity within the upper 25 cm. Sediment cores from open-water locations, such as those collected in the study area north of the Marquesas Keys, exhibit higher, less variable densities and lower velocities within the top 25 cm. This is attributed to consolidation associated with cyclic pressure variations from surface swells and strong tidal currents. Acoustic subbottom profiles display good correlation with shell-lag deposits observed in the gravity cores, although acoustic records lack the vertical resolution to detect variations in physical and acoustic properties on the order of those measured in this study. Calculated impedances at depths below 25 cm are significantly higher in the Dry Tortugas area and hence penetration of 4- and 15-kHz acoustic signals is less than at the Marquesas study site. From a geotechnical point of view, the sediments at both sites can be considered to behave like granular materials with little or no plasticity, no significant cementation, low compressibility, permeability highly dependent on void ratio, and moderate to high friction angles. A comparison with deep-sea sediments of mixed mineralogy shows that the effect of increasing calcium carbonate with decreasing clay content is to decrease plasticity and compressibility, and to increase friction angles. In other words, sediments shift from a cohesive to a granular nature as the carbonate content increases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Marine Geomech Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Brandes, HG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 102 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00229-8 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00229-8 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000005 ER PT J AU Gorgas, TJ Wilkens, RH Fu, SS Frazer, LN Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Lee, H AF Gorgas, TJ Wilkens, RH Fu, SS Frazer, LN Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Lee, H TI In situ acoustic and laboratory ultrasonic sound speed and attenuation measured in heterogeneous soft seabed sediments: Eel River shelf, California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eel River; velocity; attenuation; porosity; density; dispersion; scatterning ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; IN-SITU; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; VELOCITY PROFILES; WAVE PROPAGATION; MARGIN; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT AB We compared in situ and laboratory velocity and attenuation values measured in seafloor sediments from the shallow water delta of the Eel River, California. This region receives a substantial volume of fluvial sediment that is discharged annually onto the shelf. Additionally, a high input of fluvial sediments during storms generates flood deposits that are characterized by thin beds of variable grain-sizes between the 40- and 90-m isobaths. The main objectives of this study were (1) to investigate signatures of seafloor processes on geoacoustic and physical properties, and (2) to evaluate differences between geoacoustic parameters measured in situ at acoustic (7.5 kHz) and in the laboratory at ultrasonic (400 kHz) frequencies. The in situ acoustic measurements were conducted between 60 and 100 in of water depth. Wet-bulk density and porosity profiles were obtained to 1.15 m below seafloor (m bsf) using gravity cores of the mostly cohesive fine-grained sediments across- and along-shelf. Physical and geoacoustic properties from six selected sites obtained on the Eel margin revealed the following. (1) Sound speed and wet-bulk density strongly correlated in most cases. (2) Sediment compaction with depth generally led to increased sound speed and density, while porosity and in situ attenuation values decreased. (3) Sound speed was higher in coarser- than in finer-grained sediments, on a maximum average by 80 in s(-1). (4) In coarse-grained sediments sound speed was higher in the laboratory (1560 in s-1) than in situ (1520 in s-1). In contrast, average ultrasonic and in situ sound speed in fine-grained sediments showed only little differences (both approximately 1480 in s(-1)). (5) Greater attenuation was commonly measured in the laboratory (0.4 and 0.8 dB m(-1) kHz(-1)) than in situ (0.02 and 0.65 dB m(-1) kHz(-1)), and remained almost constant below 0.4 in bsf. We attributed discrepancies between laboratory ultrasonic and in situ acoustic measurements to a frequency dependence of velocity and attenuation. In addition, laboratory attenuation was most likely enhanced due to scattering of sound waves at heterogeneities that were on the scale of ultrasonic wavelengths. In contrast, high in situ attenuation values were linked to stratigraphic scattering at thin-bed layers that form along with flood deposits. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gorgas, TJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 119 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00230-4 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00230-4 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000006 ER PT J AU Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Bentley, SJ Walter, DJ Orsi, TH AF Richardson, MD Briggs, KB Bentley, SJ Walter, DJ Orsi, TH TI The effects of biological and hydrodynamic processes on physical and acoustic properties of sediments off the Eel River, California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; porosity; grain size; shear strength; permeability; acoustic properties ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; IN-SITU; FLOOD DEPOSITS; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENT; MARGIN; SOUND; SEA AB The spatial trends in surficial sediment macro- and microstructure and the resultant values of sediment physical and geoacoustic properties are controlled by the water-depth-dependent interplay of biological, depositional and hydrodynamic processes along shore-normal (25-100 in water depth) and shore-parallel (70-m contour) transects north of the Eel River, northern California. Values of sediment compressional and shear wave speed, porosity, bulk density, mean grain size, and shear strength cluster within reasonably well defined surficial sediment facies: inshore sands (2142 m water depth), offshore muds (90-100 m), flood deposits (57-80 m), and transition sediments between flood deposits and inshore sands (47-57 m). Statistical relationships among seafloor impedance (calculated from in situ and laboratory measurements or measured remotely by acoustic methods), sediment physical properties, and geoacoustic properties are sufficiently robust to allow prediction with confidence. The high local spatial variability in values of sediment physical and geoacoustic properties reflects the variability in macro- and microstructure exhibited in X-radiographs and CT imagery. Large-scale distribution of sedimentary facies is controlled by flood deposition from the Eel River and subsequent remobilization by hydrodynamic processes. High local variability in sediment properties occurs where no single process is consistently dominant (transition sediments). The high variability of seafloor properties in flood deposits reflects the high structural heterogeneity associated with the interaction among numerous flood deposits, resuspension and redeposition of flood deposits by surface gravity waves, and mixing by bioturbation. Faunal reworking of sediments rapidly (< 1 yr) compacts the sediment, destroys surficial layering, subdues vertical gradients in sediment properties created from flood deposits, and breaches flood layer horizons. High sediment permeability (created by numerous burrows and tubes) promotes sediment dewatering and exchange of pore fluids, the respective consequences of which are rapid consolidation of the sediment after deposition of flood deposits. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 139 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00231-6 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00231-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000007 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Williams, KL Jackson, DR Jones, CD Ivakin, AN Orsi, TH AF Briggs, KB Williams, KL Jackson, DR Jones, CD Ivakin, AN Orsi, TH TI Fine-scale sedimentary structure: implications for acoustic remote sensing SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sedimentation; bioturbation; acoustical properties; density; X-ray radiography ID FREQUENCY BOTTOM BACKSCATTERING; SEA-FLOOR; CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUND-SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; VELOCITY; FLORIDA; VARIABILITY AB Detailed measurements of sediment properties and acoustic scattering were made at a carbonate sand-silt-clay site off Dry Tortugas in the Florida Keys. The sediment is characterized by varying scales of biologically controlled random roughness and heterogeneity as well as surficial stratification on centimeter scales. The interface roughness was determined from stereo photogrammetric digitization and parameterized by a power spectrum, whereas sediment volume heterogeneity was determined from core measurements and parameterized by first-order autoregressive models for sound speed and density fluctuations. In contrast to previous investigations, fine-scale sediment bulk density fluctuations were examined in sediment cores with computerized tomography in addition to the standard gravimetric technique. Furthermore, the strongly delineated sediment density and sound velocity transition layer was parameterized by piecewise linear fits. These characterizations of the random and deterministic properties were used in acoustic scattering models in an effort to determine the feasibility of remotely measuring fine-scale features of the seafloor. The result was negative: older, low-resolution models gave moderately good fits to the acoustic data, but the fit did not improve for newer, higher-resolution models. It is suggested that scattering due to shell fragments must be included to account for all features observed in the scattering data at this site. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NN Andreev Acoust Inst, Moscow 117036, Russia. Planning Syst Incorp, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011; Ivakin, Anatoliy/P-7774-2016 OI Ivakin, Anatoliy/0000-0001-9991-909X NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 159 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00232-8 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00232-8 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000008 ER PT J AU Walter, DJ Lambert, DN Young, DC AF Walter, DJ Lambert, DN Young, DC TI Sediment facies determination using acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment, Dry Tortugas, Florida SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic methods; acoustic surveys; bottom mapping; seafloor characterization; sediment classification; sediment facies; remote sensing techniques ID KEYS AB Two high-frequency acoustic seafloor classification systems (12- and 15-kHz) were used in conjunction with sediment core analysis to characterize sediment facies at a study site near Garden Key in Dry Tortugas, Florida. The acoustic system uses echo return amplitude to compute acoustic impedance that is then correlated with sampled sediment impedance values calculated from wet bulk density and compressional wave velocity. Several bottom provinces were identified using the 15-kHz data to construct a real-time map of ship tracks in colors that represent the surficial sediment facies type. Sediment facies over the entire study site (36 km 2) range from sandy silts to exposed limestone rock and coral reef structures. Color contour maps using the 12-kHz data, created after correlating acoustic impedance predictions with core measured sediment properties, validates the initial facies pattern predictions made in real-time. The sediment facies patterns indicate a long-term pattern of deposition of fine-grained, silt-sized, surficial sediments in an area adjacent to the emergent carbonate embankment. Two-dimensional acoustic profiles along survey tracklines also provide cross-sectional views of seafloor and subbottom stratigraphy that confirm the buildup of these fine sediments in the northwest corner of the study site. A generous supply of sediment resulting from an abundance of benthic green algae (Halimeda sp.) on adjacent shallow platforms form a thick sequence of fine sandy silt at the base of the southeastern edge of the embankment and fringing reef. Sediment cover over the limestone bedrock thins and becomes coarse southeast of Garden and Bush Keys, suggesting the likely existence of a dominant flow around the shallow carbonate embankment that restricts export of fine sediments out of the area. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Walter, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7431, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 177 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00233-X DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00233-X PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000009 ER PT J AU Lambert, DN Kalcic, MT Faas, RW AF Lambert, DN Kalcic, MT Faas, RW TI Variability in the acoustic response of shallow-water marine sediments determined by normal-incident 30-kHz and 50-kHz sound SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustical methods; marine geology; variability; sediment; sedimentary structures AB To quantify the variability in the acoustic response of typical shallow-water marine sediments, a series of high-frequency (30 and 50 kHz,), normal-incident measurements were made at six sites within the Ship Island Test Bed off Gulfport, MS, USA. These measurements were made using the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Acoustic Seafloor Classification System (ASCS) in sediments ranging from silty clay to medium sand, and with sediment structures ranging from layered, to unlayered, and methane gas-charged. A broadband, narrow-beamwidth transducer was mounted on a remotely movable trolley suspended from a horizontal I-beam connected to a pair of legs at each end of the beam. This 'swingset' was lowered to the seafloor with the transducer mounted at normal incidence and at an altitude of 3.0 in above the sediment surface. Measurements were made at both 30 and 50 kHz at each of up to eight positions 0.3 in apart along the beam. A coefficient of variation was calculated for each horizontally corresponding sample of the 16-bit, 125-kHz sample rate A/D at each of the positions along the transect. Variability was determined at similar to6-mm depth intervals in the sediment to the limit of significant signal return. These measurements indicate that the greatest variability in acoustic response occurs in the upper 0.5 m of the sediment column with muds ranging from 18 to 31%, whereas sands ranged from 23 to 26%. Acoustic response variability was found to decrease with increased depth for both muds and sands. Below 1.0 in, the sediment depth limit of bioturbation variability, decreases to 6-13% for muds and to 18% for sands. Methane gas-charged sediment located approximately 3.0 in below the sediment-water interface produced a variability of 20%. For all sediment types, the 50-kHz acoustic response was consistently more variable than the 30-kHz acoustic response. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lambert, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 208 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00234-1 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00234-1 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 554QD UT WOS:000175747000010 ER PT J AU Jederberg, WW Still, KR Briggs, GB AF Jederberg, WW Still, KR Briggs, GB TI The utilization of risk assessments in tactical command decisions SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE chemical biological radiological nuclear explosive (CBRNE); environmental risk assessment (ERA); human health risk assessment (HHRA); operational risk management (ORM); risk assessment; risk communications; toxic industrial material (TIM); toxic industrial chemical (TIC); weapons of mass destruction (WMD) AB Traditional risk assessments (as delineated by regulatory agencies) use health outcome endpoints of interest to society as a whole, and are based on broad assumptions about the demographics of the potentially exposed populations and the routes of exposure. Immediacy of impact is not normally a major consideration. In tactical situations, the commander must balance considerations of short-term health effects against mission accomplishment. Often the commander will decide to accept a risk that would not be considered under other circumstances. The traditional tools of human-health and environmental risk assessment may be used, but the risk levels and projected consequences must be adapted to the tactical scenario (i.e. the performance decrement associated with a short-term exposure tactical operation vs. the long-term health out-come for an exposed population under 'normal conditions'). Risk assessors and health Professionals must learn to articulate risk in terms that the tactical commander can place in his operational risk management (ORM) process. The process may require that the commander weigh non-health related mission critical considerations against health outcome issues. This presentation is intended to begin a dialogue that will lead to a harmonization of the use of risk assessment tools and their application in ORM as seen by tactical commanders, and a clarification of the strengths and limits of their utility in such applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NHRC TD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OPNAV, Washington, DC USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Still, KR (reprint author), NHRC TD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Bldg 433 2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 129 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01118-4 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01118-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100012 PM 12013539 ER PT J AU Sun, HY Reddy, GB George, C Meuillet, EJ Berggren, M Powis, G Kozikowski, AP AF Sun, HY Reddy, GB George, C Meuillet, EJ Berggren, M Powis, G Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis and biological activity of 3-hydroxy(phosphono)methyl-bearing phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-B; CANCER CELL-GROWTH; AKT; 3-KINASE; 1D-3-DEOXYPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; SUPPRESSION; ACTIVATION; ONCOGENE AB Two 3-hydroxy(phosphono)methyl-bearing phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues were synthesized and shown to be inhibitors of Akt and P13-K. These compounds were also shown to inhibit the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurol, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 15 BP 2835 EP 2838 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00354-4 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00354-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 543NL UT WOS:000175108000040 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP AF Purdy, AP TI Gan nanofilaments from ammonothermal reactions between Ga and ammonium halides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 056-INOR BP A14 EP A14 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296800057 ER PT J AU Cao, H Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, J AF Cao, H Cook, JM Flippen-Anderson, J TI Approach to cyclopentapentalenes. regiospecific synthesis of the highly functionalized [5.5.5.5]tetracycles via the molybdenum carbonyl-mediated tandem Pauson-Khand reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 301-ORGN BP B220 EP B220 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801223 ER PT J AU Jin, J Ligon, SC Patil, AV Smith, DW Fallis, S Irvin, JA DesMarteau, DD AF Jin, J Ligon, SC Patil, AV Smith, DW Fallis, S Irvin, JA DesMarteau, DD TI Toward crown ether containing semifluorinated polyarylene amides for lithium battery membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Air Warefare Ctr Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RI Jin, Jianyong/G-8274-2012; Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 110-POLY BP C117 EP C117 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802076 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Holt, DB Naciri, J Yang, JC Moore, MH Shashidhar, R AF Kushmerick, JG Holt, DB Naciri, J Yang, JC Moore, MH Shashidhar, R TI Investigating the role of the metal-molecule contact in molecular electronics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 191-PHYS BP C48 EP C48 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801639 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Asif, SAS AF Wahl, KJ Asif, SAS TI Dynamic mechanical analyses of thin polymer films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 495-PHYS BP C92 EP C93 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801939 ER PT J AU Huang, ZN Heuer, WB Sung, CSP Kim, OK AF Huang, ZN Heuer, WB Sung, CSP Kim, OK TI Novel two-photon absorbing conjugated oligmers/polymers: Property modulation by pi-center. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 427-POLY BP D47 EP D47 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802390 ER PT J AU Irvin, JA Fallis, S Stasko, D Guenthner, AJ Davis, KR Kline, D Paiz, AL AF Irvin, JA Fallis, S Stasko, D Guenthner, AJ Davis, KR Kline, D Paiz, AL TI Conducting polymers as static dissipating binders for energetic materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Mat Engn Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Prod Qual Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 007-PMSE BP D58 EP D58 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802434 ER PT J AU Je, JT Kim, OK AF Je, JT Kim, OK TI Intermolecular electron-transfer across the encapsulation of helical amylose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 449-POLY BP D51 EP D51 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802412 ER PT J AU McGrady, KA Wnek, GE Fontanella, JJ Perahia, D Serpico, JM Sanders, EH Jiao, X Ehrenberg, SG Wallen, TJ AF McGrady, KA Wnek, GE Fontanella, JJ Perahia, D Serpico, JM Sanders, EH Jiao, X Ehrenberg, SG Wallen, TJ TI Sulfonated styrene-based proton-conducting membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 026-PMSE BP D61 EP D61 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802453 ER PT J AU Collins, GE AF Collins, GE TI Rapid microchip separation of trinitroaromatic explosives in nonaqueous media. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton Ctr, MA 02459 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 123-ANYL BP U83 EP U83 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700382 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Chapman, RD Johnson, R AF Davis, MC Chapman, RD Johnson, R TI New preparation of geminal-bis(difluoramino)alkanes: Direct fluorination of geminal-bisamides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 013-FLUO BP U557 EP U557 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703059 ER PT J AU Disawal, S Singh, A Lvov, Y AF Disawal, S Singh, A Lvov, Y TI Self-assembled organophosphorus hydrolase multilayers acting as biocatalyst for nerve agent decomposition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. USN, Res Lab, CBMSE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 181-COLL BP U410 EP U410 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702260 ER PT J AU Fang, JY AF Fang, JY TI Self-organization of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles on substrates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 472-COLL BP U458 EP U458 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702549 ER PT J AU Geesey, G Neal, A Rosso, K Gorby, Y Little, B AF Geesey, G Neal, A Rosso, K Gorby, Y Little, B TI Iron mineral surface physicochemical properties influence accumulation and detachment of iron reducing bacteria. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, ESML, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 029-GEOC BP U595 EP U595 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703269 ER PT J AU Gray, KM Schroeder, MJ AF Gray, KM Schroeder, MJ TI Synthesis and characterization of polydimethylsiloxane networks. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 975-CHED BP U311 EP U312 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701714 ER PT J AU Huffman, PD Fitzgerald, JP Shirk, JS AF Huffman, PD Fitzgerald, JP Shirk, JS TI New lead and thallium phthalocyanines as optical limiting materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 530-CHED BP U238 EP U238 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701270 ER PT J AU Irvin, JA Fallis, S Guenthner, AJ Wright, M Irvin, D Blackwell, J AF Irvin, JA Fallis, S Guenthner, AJ Wright, M Irvin, D Blackwell, J TI Polymers for high temperature PEM fuel cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Weap Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 069-COLL BP U382 EP U383 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702149 ER PT J AU Je, JT Kim, OK AF Je, JT Kim, OK TI Inclusion complexation of helical amylose with water-soluble, photoactive chromophores. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 272-COLL BP U425 EP U425 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702350 ER PT J AU Karle, IL AF Karle, IL TI Personal recollections of my time on the Manhattan Project. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 009-WCC BP U11 EP U11 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700018 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Newell, S Furukawa, Y Lavoie, D Daulton, T AF Kim, JW Newell, S Furukawa, Y Lavoie, D Daulton, T TI Characterization of microbially Fe(III)-reduced nontronite: Transmission electron microscopy with environmental cell (TEM-EC) observations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 031-GEOC BP U596 EP U596 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703271 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Wang, J Pumera, M Chatrathi, MP Escarpa, A Musameh, M Collins, G Mulchandani, A AF Lin, YH Wang, J Pumera, M Chatrathi, MP Escarpa, A Musameh, M Collins, G Mulchandani, A TI Microchip for fast screening and detailed identification of nitroaromatic explosives and organophosphate compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Pumera, Martin/F-2724-2010; Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016; Escarpa, Alberto/N-2293-2016 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Pumera, Martin/0000-0001-5846-2951; Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154; Escarpa, Alberto/0000-0002-7302-0948 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 099-ANYL BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700358 ER PT J AU McDivitt, JD Dillner, DK AF McDivitt, JD Dillner, DK TI Synthesis of substituted cyclopentanes from a bicyclic precursor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 839-CHED BP U292 EP U292 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701578 ER PT J AU Rickey, D Teichert, MA Tien, LT AF Rickey, D Teichert, MA Tien, LT TI Designing chemistry education research studies to answer our questions, part I. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 167-CHED BP U186 EP U186 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700908 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MJ Ferrante, RF Fitzgerald, JP Heuer, WB AF Schroeder, MJ Ferrante, RF Fitzgerald, JP Heuer, WB TI Integrated laboratory curriculum. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 1157-CHED BP U336 EP U336 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701895 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Jeon, HG Ratna, BR AF Selinger, JV Jeon, HG Ratna, BR TI Isotropic-nematic transition in liquid-crystalline elastomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 436-COLL BP U452 EP U452 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702513 ER PT J AU Singh, A Santos, JP Stanish, I Lee, YW AF Singh, A Santos, JP Stanish, I Lee, YW TI Stability of enzymes immobilized in polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited on silica microspheres. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 297-COLL BP U429 EP U429 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702375 ER PT J AU Teichert, MA Rickey, D Tien, LT AF Teichert, MA Rickey, D Tien, LT TI Designing chemistry education research studies to answer our questions, part II SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 168-CHED BP U186 EP U186 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700909 ER PT J AU Vertes, A Galicia, MC Callahan, JH AF Vertes, A Galicia, MC Callahan, JH TI MALDI vs. MAPLE. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 181-ANYL BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700436 ER PT J AU Voter, AF Montalenti, F Germann, TC Uberuaga, BP Sprague, JA AF Voter, AF Montalenti, F Germann, TC Uberuaga, BP Sprague, JA TI Accelerated molecular dynamics methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010 OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 238-COMP BP U500 EP U500 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702795 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Cozzens, RF TI Synthesis of colloidal gold, silver, and cadmium coating block polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 238-COLL BP U420 EP U420 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702316 ER PT J AU Brown, GO Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG AF Brown, GO Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG TI Selectivity and efficiency of pyrene attachment to polyethylene films by bombardment with MeV-range protons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SOLVENT SYSTEMS; PHOTOCHROMIC DITHIENYLETHENE DERIVATIVES; RADIATION-INDUCED COLORATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSES; STRETCHED POLYETHYLENE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RADIOLYSIS; FLUORESCENCE; ALCOHOL AB We demonstrate the attachment of pyrene molecules to chains of polyethylene (PE) films using 1-4.5 MeV-range protons (H+). Despite the enormous energy available fur reaction, the attachment is exceedingly selective; MeV-range protons lead to photochemistry as selective as that initiated by eV-range photons (>300 nm). The effects of proton kinetic energy, proton dose, polymer crystallinity, and initial pyrene concentration within the films on the selectivity of the attachment process are analyzed on the basis of UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, steady stale and dynamic fluorescence measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry. Attachment selectivity is independent of proton kinetic energy but increases with decreasing proton dose. The efficiency of pyrenyl attachment increases with decreasing polymer crystallinity. In polyethylene of 42 % crystallinity, the efficiency of attachment is only slightly dependent on pyrene dopant concentration (in the range 10(-4)-10(-2) mol/kg) at low doses but increases significantly with concentration at higher doses. Time-resolved fluorescence studies on films subjected to high doses indicate either a drastic change in local environments around attached 1-pyrenyl groups or that the attached groups have suffered secondary transformations. Extensive cross-linking of proton-bombarded PE samples, indicative of C-H and C-C bond scission, was observed in both the absence and presence of pyrene. At all proton energies, films containing 10(-2) mol/kg pyrene and exposed to 10(13) H+/cm(2), the highest fluence employed, exhibited a pronounced, broad emission band centered at similar to470 net, attributed to excimer. Dissolution of these samples led to loss of the excimer band, indicating that the aggregated pyrenyl groups are attached to neighboring polyethylene chains. A mechanism for attachment, based on the addition of preformed carbon-centered polymer radicals or cations to ground-state pyrene molecules, is proposed. It is contrasted with the mechanism for attachment initiated by eV-range photons. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Weiss, RG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 4 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 13 BP 3375 EP 3382 DI 10.1021/jp0132001 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 538AV UT WOS:000174792600006 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Lowy, DA Tender, LM Singh, A AF Stanish, I Lowy, DA Tender, LM Singh, A TI Electrochemical characterization of ferricyanide retention by polymerized diacetylenic phospholipid vesicles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIPID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; METAL-SORBING VESICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE VESICLES; ION-TRANSPORT; MOLECULES; LIPOSOMES; KINETICS; MODEL; NANOCRYSTALS AB This report describes measurement of retention of electroactive ferricyanide (Fe(CN)(6)(3-)) entrapped within structurally stable photopolymerized vesicles composed of diacetylenic lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC8,9PC). Vesicle size, shape, and dispersity were assessed by dynamic laser light scattering and rates of permeation of ferricyanide measured by cyclic voltammetry. Gold disk electrodes modified with 6-mercaptohexanol or 2-mercaptoethanamine (cysteamine) respond with quantitative sensitivity to extravesicular ferricyanide over a concentration range of 10,muM to 0.1 M, are insensitive to entrapped ferricyanide even at high applied oxidative potentials, and resist fouling by vesicles, vesicle fragments, or vesicle-rupturing surfactant. Quantitative changes in ferricyanide peak current over time enabled straightforward determination of ferricyanide permeation rate constants as a function of pH and temperature. At 25 degreesC, ferricyanide permeability increased frown 1.1 x 10(-12) to 2.5 x 10(-12) cm/s with increasing pH from 6 to 8. At pH 7, ferricyanide permeability temperature dependency was found to fit an Arrhenius rate expression, increasing exponentially from 1.6 x 10(-12) to 5.8 x 10(-11) cm/s with increasing temperature from 25 to 70 degreesC, yielding a calculated energy barrier for permeation of 65 kJ/mol and a half-life for intravesicular ferricyanide loss as high as 2.4 weeks. Greater permeability observed at 15 degreesC relative to 25 degreesC is attributed to membrane defects present in the gel-phase. These results are consistent with diffusion of Fe(CN)(6)(3-) across intact vesicle walls rather than a pore type mechanism and demonstrate the ability to tune retention of entrapped species by robust polymerized vesicles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 4 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 13 BP 3503 EP 3509 DI 10.1021/jp012208s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 538AV UT WOS:000174792600023 ER PT J AU May-DePaola, B Garcia, R Miller, R AF May-DePaola, B Garcia, R Miller, R TI Acute renal failure due to ephedra-containing dietary supplements. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 MA 51 BP A23 EP A23 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 538VD UT WOS:000174835000084 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SP Mog, SR Xu, H Tadaki, DK Hirschberg, B Berning, JD Leconte, J Harlan, DM Hale, D Kirk, AD AF Montgomery, SP Mog, SR Xu, H Tadaki, DK Hirschberg, B Berning, JD Leconte, J Harlan, DM Hale, D Kirk, AD TI Efficacy and toxicity of a protocol using sirolimus, tacrolimus and daclizumab in a nonhuman primate renal allotransplant model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE allograft; daclizumab; kidney transplantation; primate; sirolimus; tacrolimus ID RAPAMYCIN; TRANSPLANTATION; COMBINATION; PROGRESSION; ALLOGRAFTS; SURVIVAL; REGIMEN; FK506 AB A regimen combining sirolimus, tacrolimus, and daclizumab has recently been shown to provide adequate immunosuppression for allogeneic islet transplantation in humans, but remains unproven for primarily vascularized allografts. We evaluated this regimen for renal allograft transplantation in mismatched nonhuman primates. Dosages of sirolimus and tacrolimus were adjusted for trough levels of 10-15 ng/mL and 4-6 ng/mL, respectively. Treated monkeys (n = 5) had significantly prolonged allograft survival, with a mean survival of 36 days vs. 7 days in untreated controls (n = 6, p = 0.008). Four of five treated animals, but none of the controls, developed fibrinoid vascular necrosis of the small intestine. A review of gut histology from animals on other immunosuppressive protocols performed by our laboratory suggested that these lesions were a result of sirolimus exposure. In summary this regimen prolongs the survival of vascularized renal allografts, but is limited by profound GI toxicity in rhesus macaques. C1 NIDDK, Navy Transplant & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), NIDDK, Navy Transplant & Autoimmun Branch, Room 11S-219,Bldg 10,Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43900-01] NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20415.x PG 5 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 551AB UT WOS:000175536300015 PM 12118862 ER PT J AU Yencha, MW AF Yencha, MW TI Primary parotid gland Hodgkin's lymphoma SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE head; Hodgkin's lymphoma; neck; parotid gland; salivary gland ID FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION; SALIVARY-GLANDS; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; LYMPHOEPITHELIAL LESION; WARTHINS TUMOR; DISEASE; EXPERIENCE; CYTOLOGY; REGION; MASSES AB Hodgkin's lymphoma with its primary manifestation in the parotid gland is an exceedingly rare entity and is not usually suspected in the initial evaluation of a parotid mass. Because it is not suspected, the results of fine-needle aspiration cytology are often misleading, and parotidectomy is needed for a definitive diagnosis. The most common subtype encountered is lymphocyte-predominant. The prognosis is favorable; the 5-year survival rate exceeds 90%. Treatment consists of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both. A case of primary parotid gland Hodgkin's lymphoma is presented along with a review of the literature and a discussion of the evaluation and management of this rare entity. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Yencha, MW (reprint author), Charette Hlth Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Bldg 2,27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 4 BP 338 EP 342 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 541NH UT WOS:000174990300011 PM 11991586 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Uspenskii, YA Pershin, YP Kondratenko, VV Vinogradov, AV AF Seely, JF Uspenskii, YA Pershin, YP Kondratenko, VV Vinogradov, AV TI Skylab 3600 groove/mm replica grating with a scandium-silicon multilayer coating and high normal-incidence efficiency at 38-nm wavelength SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; REGION; DIFFRACTION; PERFORMANCE; WORKING AB A Sc-Si multilayer coating was applied to a replica of the 3600 groove/mm grating, developed for the SO82A spectroheliograph that flew on the Skylab mission, for the purpose of enhancing the normal-incidence efficiency in the extreme-ultraviolet region. The efficiency, measured at an angle of incidence of 6degrees with synchrotron radiation, had a maximum value of 7.2% at a wavelength of 38 nm and was a factor of 3 higher than the efficiency of the gold-coated Skylab grating. The measured efficiency of the Sc-Si grating was in good agreement with the efficiency calculated by use of the modified integral method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, XRay Opt Grp, Moscow 117924, Russia. Kharkov State Polytechn Univ, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015; Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1846 EP 1851 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001846 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 538JK UT WOS:000174812200003 PM 11936780 ER PT J AU Giri, AK Kirkpatrick, EM Moongkhamklang, P Majetich, SA Harris, VG AF Giri, AK Kirkpatrick, EM Moongkhamklang, P Majetich, SA Harris, VG TI Photomagnetism and structure in cobalt ferrite nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; VERWEY TRANSITION; MOSSBAUER; FILMS AB Light-induced changes in the coercivity DeltaH(c) are reported for cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. These changes arise from charge transfer initiated by optical absorption near 2 eV. An insulator-to-metal transition at 170 K is an upper limit for significant DeltaH(c). The larger DeltaH(c) for smaller (17 nm) particles was correlated with a distortion about the Co2+ ions at B sites, which increases the absorption probability. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. RP Majetich, SA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015; Suwanna, Pimsiree/M-1106-2016 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317; NR 29 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 13 BP 2341 EP 2343 DI 10.1063/1.1464661 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535BB UT WOS:000174623300035 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q Abubeker, S Vajs, E AF Collins, GE Lu, Q Abubeker, S Vajs, E TI Remote fiber-optic flow cell for the detection of uranium(VI) in groundwater SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE remote detection; uranium(VI); Arsenazo III; Nafion; groundwater ID ARSENAZO-III; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTAMINANTS AB Optimization and initial characterization of a remote probe for extremely low levels (<20 mug/L) of uranium(VI) in groundwater are described. The monitor takes advantage of a small length of Nation cation exchange membrane tubing, which permits diffusion of the uranyl ion into an internally renewable reagent solution of Arsenazo III. The sensitive, colorimetric metal complexation of uranium(VI) by Arsenazo III is measured by recording the absorbance change in a fiber-optic SMA Z-cell that is coupled to a red-light-emitting diode. The entire system is packaged on a 2 x 11 in. breadboard and attached to a 100-ft power and data transmission cord. The final optimized pH of 1.5 was utilized for maximizing sensitivity to uranium while minimizing interferences from other metal ion impurities. The addition of 1 mM diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid to the reagent further assisted in the elimination of metal ion interferences. Two Nafion membrane tubings with different internal diameters and wall thicknesses are evaluated. Using a 20 min diffusion time and the Nation 20 membrane, the detection limit obtained for uranium(VI) in groundwater was 1.4 ppb. Of the twenty metal ion interferents examined, all gave essentially no response, with the exception of calcium and thorium, for which a 30 mg/L and a 100 mug/L solution, respectively, gave signals representative of 4.7 and 6.0 ppb uranium(VI). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 4 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1366/0003702021955123 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 543YE UT WOS:000175130300009 ER PT J AU Johnson, VV Gaertner, EM Crothers, BA AF Johnson, VV Gaertner, EM Crothers, BA TI Fine-needle aspiration of renal angiosarcoma SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FEATURES; BIOPSY AB Angiosarcoma of the kidney is an unusual neoplasm, and primary renal angiosarcoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer than 11 well-documented cases reported to date. To our knowledge, no publication to date has correlated the fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings in renal angiosarcoma with the gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. A 50-year-old man presented with a left kidney mass and multiple liver and pulmonary nodules. Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the renal mass and a hepatic nodule were performed and demonstrated malignant spindle cells consistent with angiosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy through histologic examination and associated ancillary studies. This case presents the fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings in renal angiosarcoma and correlates these findings with the gross pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Johnson, VV (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Pathol, 3001A 6th St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 126 IS 4 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 539EJ UT WOS:000174857100018 PM 11900578 ER PT J AU Goto, T Sekiguchi, M Nichol, RC Bahcall, NA Kim, RSJ Annis, J Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J Hennessy, GS Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL AF Goto, T Sekiguchi, M Nichol, RC Bahcall, NA Kim, RSJ Annis, J Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J Hennessy, GS Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL TI The cut-and-enhance method: Selecting clusters of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; methods : analytical ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; DISTANT CLUSTERS; MATCHED-FILTER; RICH CLUSTERS; DARK CLUSTER; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; LUMINOSITY; PHOTOMETRY; MORPHOLOGY AB We describe an automated method, the cut-and-enhance (CE) method, for detecting clusters of galaxies in multicolor optical imaging surveys. This method uses simple color cuts, combined with a density enhancement algorithm, to up-weight pairs of galaxies that are close in both angular separation and color. The method is semiparametric, since it uses minimal assumptions about cluster properties in order to minimize possible biases. No assumptions are made about the shape of clusters, their radial profile, or their luminosity function. The method is successful in finding systems ranging from poor to rich clusters of galaxies, of both regular and irregular shape. We determine the selection function of the CE method via extensive Monte Carlo simulations that use both the real, observed background of galaxies and a randomized background of galaxies. We use position-shuffled and color-shuffled data to perform false-positive tests. We have also visually checked all the clusters detected by the CE method. We apply the CE method to the 350 deg(2) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS) commissioning data and construct an SDSS CE galaxy cluster catalog with an estimated redshift and richness for each cluster. The CE method is compared with other cluster selection methods used on SDSS data such as the matched filter, "maxBCG", and Voronoi tessellation techniques. The CE method can be adopted for cluster selection in any multicolor imaging survey. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Goto, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, 5-1-5 Kashiwa, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. RI Brinkmann, Jonathan/H-2779-2014; OI Brinkmann, Jonathan/0000-0001-6128-659X; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 60 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1807 EP 1825 DI 10.1086/339303 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 537JX UT WOS:000174756400001 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Tucker, DL Kent, S Richmond, MW Fukugita, M Ichikawa, T Ichikawa, S Jorgensen, AM Uomoto, A Gunn, JE Hamabe, M Watanabe, M Tolea, A Henden, A Annis, J Pier, JR McKay, TA Brinkmann, J Chen, B Holtzman, J Shimasaku, K York, DG AF Smith, JA Tucker, DL Kent, S Richmond, MW Fukugita, M Ichikawa, T Ichikawa, S Jorgensen, AM Uomoto, A Gunn, JE Hamabe, M Watanabe, M Tolea, A Henden, A Annis, J Pier, JR McKay, TA Brinkmann, J Chen, B Holtzman, J Shimasaku, K York, DG TI The u ' g ' r ' i ' z ' standard-star system SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; standards; stars : fundamental parameters ID PROPER-MOTION STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATIONS; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; HOT SUBDWARFS; WHITE-DWARFS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CATALOG AB We present the 158 standard stars that de ne the u' g' r' i' z' photometric system. These stars form the basis for the photometric calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The de ning instrument system and filters, the observing process, the reduction techniques, and the software used to create the stellar network are all described. We briefly discuss the history of the star selection process, the derivation of a set of transformation equations for the UBVRCIC system, and plans for future work. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 65 TC 1185 Z9 1188 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 4 BP 2121 EP 2144 DI 10.1086/339311 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 537JX UT WOS:000174756400027 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Vial, JC AF Patsourakos, S Vial, JC TI Intermittent behavior in the transition region and the low corona of the quiet Sun SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID SUMER TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR CORONA; NANOFLARES; TURBULENCE; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; EMERGENCE; NETWORK; MODEL AB We present an analysis of light-curves obtained in the OIV and Ne VIII transition region and low corona lines, that were simultaneously recorded in a quiet Sun region by SUMER/SOHO. By using the flatness spectrum of the observed light-curves we searched for intermittency signatures. It was found that a significant proportion of points in the observed area exhibit clear indications of intermittency, irrespectively of their intrinsic intensity. Our findings give favor to an impulsively heated transition region and corona via intermittent-type MHD turbulence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spatsourakos@buttercup1.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 385 IS 3 BP 1073 EP 1077 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020151 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539YT UT WOS:000174901700035 ER PT J AU Klassen, A Bothmer, V Mann, G Reiner, MJ Krucker, S Vourlidas, A Kunow, H AF Klassen, A Bothmer, V Mann, G Reiner, MJ Krucker, S Vourlidas, A Kunow, H TI Solar energetic electron events and coronal shocks SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; CMEs; Sun : radio radiation; shock waves ID MASS EJECTIONS; WIND SPACECRAFT; RADIO EVIDENCE; BURSTS; ACCELERATION; SIGNATURES; EMISSION; PLASMA; FLARES AB Mildly relativistic electrons appear during the solar energetic particle events. A detailed investigation on the origin of such electrons is presented for four particlular solar events. The mildly relativistic electrons have been detected at energies of 0.25-0.7 MeV by COSTEP/SOHO and below 0.392 MeV by Wind 3-DP experiments. Coronal shocks associated with these electron events are identified from the metric-to-decametric solar type II radio bursts. All selected events were associated with solar activity at western longitudes, so that the magnetic footpoints connecting the spacecraft with the Sun were close to the are/shock/CME site. The associated type II bursts were accompanied by so-called shock accelerated (SA) type III bursts appearing to be emerging from the type II emission site. We found: (1) that all of the 0.25-0.7 MeV electron events were released during or after, but never simultaneously with the onset of type II bursts and CMEs. The time delay between the type II burst onset and the release of the mildly relativistic electrons is in the range of 11.5-45 min; (2) that the mildly relativistic electrons were released rather at the end of SA type III bursts or somewhat later; (3) that the mildly relativistic electrons were released when the associated type II burst and the CME reached a certain height (h similar to 1-4 R-s) above the photosphere. For the four events studied, it is concluded that mildly relativistic electrons at 0.25-0.7 MeV energies measured in the interplanetary medium from solar energetic particle events are accelerated by coronal shock waves, commonly in association with white-light CMEs. C1 Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klassen, A (reprint author), Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 385 IS 3 BP 1078 EP 1088 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020205 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 539YT UT WOS:000174901700036 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, AM AF Dermer, CD Atoyan, AM TI X-ray synchrotron spectral hardenings from Compton and synchrotron losses in extended Chandra jets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : galaxies ID PKS-0637-752; RADIATION AB Chandra observations of knots and hot spots in spatially resolved X-ray jets of radio galaxies show that the X-ray fluxes often lie above an extrapolation from the radio-to-optical continuum fluxes. We show that combined synchrotron and Compton losses on a single-power-law electron injection function can produce a hardening in the electron spectrum at electron Lorentz factors of gamma approximate to 2 x 10(8)/[Gamma(1 + z)] owing to Klein-Nishina energy losses on the cosmic microwave background radiation. Here Gamma is the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow and z is the source redshift. This produces a flattening in the spectrum at frequencies of greater than or similar to8 x 10(16)deltaB(mu)G/[Gamma(2)(1 + z)(3)] where B-muG is the magnetic field in the comoving plasma frame in units of microgauss and delta is the Doppler factor. A single population of synchrotron-emitting electrons may therefore produce the radio-to-X-ray continuum in some radio galaxy knots, such as those in 3C 273. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 568 IS 2 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/340374 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 535BR UT WOS:000174625800004 ER PT J AU Borges, CF Pastva, T AF Borges, CF Pastva, T TI Total least squares fitting of Bezier and B-spline curves to ordered data SO COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN LA English DT Article DE data fitting; total least-squares; B-splines AB We begin by considering the problem of fitting a single Bezier curve segment to a set of ordered data so that the error is minimized in the total least squares sense. We develop an algorithm for applying the Gauss-Newton method to this problem with a direct method for evaluating the Jacobian based on implicitly differentiating a pseudo-inverse. We then demonstrate the simple extension of this algorithm to B-spline curves. We present some experimental results for both cases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borges, CF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code NA-BC, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Borges, Carlos/E-3157-2010 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8396 J9 COMPUT AIDED GEOM D JI Comput. Aided Geom. Des. PD APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 275 EP 289 AR PII S0167-8396(02)00088-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-8396(02)00088-2 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 561LH UT WOS:000176141800004 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Liang, S Chen, CMR Keith, J Echavarria, M Sanchez, JL Kolavic, SA Vaughn, DW Binn, LN AF Houng, HSH Liang, S Chen, CMR Keith, J Echavarria, M Sanchez, JL Kolavic, SA Vaughn, DW Binn, LN TI Rapid type-specific diagnosis of adenovirus type 4 infection using a hexon-based quantitative fluorogenic PCR SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; hexon gene; fluorogenic PCR; type-specific diagnosis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY AB A hexon-based fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay utilizing the 5'-nuclease activity of DNA Taqpolymerase was developed as a rapid and type-specific diagnostic system for adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) detection and quantification. The assay consists of a pair of flanking primers and an internal fluorescence labeled probe that allows real time amplification to quantify the Ad4 virus. One out of 12 flanking primer pairs evaluated (combinations of three forward primers and four reverse primers) was found to be optimal for Ad4 virus detection that yielded back-ground-free operation, i.e., no fluorescent signal generated by non-template controls. The assay was employed to detect Ad4 reference virus strain RI-67, Wyeth Ad4 vaccine strain and 71 different clinical Ad4 isolates from US military recruits used in this study with consistent sensitivity (lower detection limit) of 2-4 pfu per PCR reaction. The assay showed linear Ad4 detection with a dynamic range of greater than five logs (from 2-4 pfu/assay to greater than 105 pfu/assay). This Ad4-specific assay did not crossreact with representative members of Ad subgroups A, B, C, D and F at viral concentrations greater than 10(8) pfu/ml. It was also demonstrated that Ad4 viruses could be efficiently detected from throat swabs (71/72 specimens or 98.6% detection sensitivity) of infected patients by the Ad4-specific PCR. In general, there was a good correlation between PCR determined viral titers in throat swabs and time required to detect viral cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. Evaluation of the simple Ad4 specific assay developed in this study could he used to provide a rapid clinically relevant diagnosis of Ad4 infections in patients with acute respiratory disease (ARD). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, US Med Corp, Detachment Unit 3800, Lima, OH USA. Tana Na Chiefs Conference Dent Clin, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 AR PII S0732-8893(02)00356-5 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(02)00356-5 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 551UM UT WOS:000175580300002 PM 12007439 ER PT J AU Davey, S Gray, D Streit, R AF Davey, S Gray, D Streit, R TI Tracking, association, and classification: A combined PMHT approach SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA DE tracking; multitarget association; multihypothesis tracking AB When tracking more than one object, a key problem is that of associating measurements with particular tracks. Recently, powerful statistical approaches such as probabilistic multihypothesis tracking (PMHT) and probabilistic least squares tracking have been proposed to solve the problem of measurement to track association. However, in practice other information may often be available, typically classification measurements from automatic target recognition algorithms, which help associate certain measurements with particular tracks. An extension to the Bayesian PMHT approach which allows noisy classification measurements to be incorporated in the tracking and association process is derived. Some example results are given to illustrate the performance improvement that can result from this approach. Crown Copyright (C) 2002. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Adelaide, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Adelaide, SA, Australia. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 372 EP 382 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0431 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600017 ER PT J AU Streit, RL Graham, ML Walsh, MJ AF Streit, RL Graham, ML Walsh, MJ TI Multitarget tracking of distributed targets using histogram-PMHT SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA DE multitarget tracking; probabilistic multihypothesis tracking; distributed target signal; thresholding loss; azimuth tracking ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MIXTURE-MODELS; TRUNCATED DATA; EM ALGORITHM AB The expectation-maximization method is applied to derive a stable tracking algorithm that uses the entire display (image) as its input data, completely avoiding peak picking and other data compression steps required to produce traditional point measurements. The algorithm links a histogram interpretation of the intensity data with the tracking method of probabilistic multihypothesis tracking (PMHT) and is thus referred to as H-PMHT. An example of H-PMHT applied to tracking in bearing on a passive sonar broadband display is provided. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. RP Streit, RL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 394 EP 404 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0440 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600019 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Coffin, RB Mitchell, CS Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ Steele, JK Boyd, TJ AF Pohlman, JW Coffin, RB Mitchell, CS Montgomery, MT Spargo, BJ Steele, JK Boyd, TJ TI Transport, deposition and biodegradation of particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a tidal basin of an industrial watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; deposition; PAHs; particle-associated contaminants; sediment transport ID SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANTS; SURFACE; ESTUARY; PAH AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants in industrial watersheds. Their origin, transport and fate are important to scientists, environmental managers and citizens. The Philadelphia Naval Reserve Basin (RB) is a small semi-enclosed embayment near the confluence of the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers in Pennsylvania (USA). We conducted a study at this site to determine the tidal flux of particles and particle-bound contaminants associated with the RB. Particle traps were placed at the mouth and inside the RB and in the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers. There was net particle deposition into the RB, which was determined for three seasons. Spring and fall depositions were highest (1740 and 1230 kg of particles, respectively) while winter deposition was insignificant. PAH concentrations on settling particles indicated a net deposition of 12.7 g PAH in fall and 2.1 g PAH in spring over one tidal cycle. There was no significant PAH deposition in the winter. Biodegradation rates, calculated from C-14-labeled PAH substrate mineralization, could attenuate only about 0.25% of the PAH deposited during a tidal cycle in fall. However, in the spring, biodegradation could be responsible for degrading 50% of the settling PAHs. The RB appears to be a sink for PAHs in this watershed. C1 Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6115,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD APR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1023/A:1014435830558 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 534EK UT WOS:000174571500005 PM 12002284 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA AF Doschek, GA TI The O+ and O++ emission lines near 834 angstrom in the quiet sun solar spectrum SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; RADIATION; SUMER AB [1] I present quiet Sun solar disk averaged emission line intensities (at the Earth) and the full widths at half maximum intensity (FWHM) for the O+ and O++ emission lines that fall near 834 Angstrom. These lines are important as excitation sources for O+ and O++ emission in the Earth's upper ionosphere, plasmasphere and magnetosphere. I also discuss the variation of the ratio of O+ to O++ emission as a function of solar spatial fine structure in the quiet Sun. The spectra were obtained from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer flown on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. There are five O+ and O++ features in the solar spectrum involving nine spectral lines. The peak quiet Sun intensities (in units of 10(9) photons cm(-2) s(-1) Angstrom(-1)) of these features and their approximate centroid wavelengths are: 0.717, 832.85 Angstrom; 0.717, 833.30 Angstrom; 1.76, 833.74 Angstrom; 1.16, 834.45 Angstrom; and 2.68, 835.29 Angstrom. The average O+ and O++ FWHMs are 0.177 Angstrom and 0.179 Angstrom, respectively. The difference in widths is not significant. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 7 AR 1159 DI 10.1029/2001GL014232 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DE UT WOS:000178886700001 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Dymond, KF Joyce, G Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE Fedder, JA McCoy, RP AF Huba, JD Dymond, KF Joyce, G Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE Fedder, JA McCoy, RP TI Comparison of O+ density from ARGOS LORAAS data analysis and SAMI2 model results SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; TOPSIDE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; ION COMPOSITION; SOLAR MINIMUM; THERMOSPHERE; MIDLATITUDE; SATELLITE; NITROGEN; WINDS AB [1] We report the first results comparing the ionospheric O+ density obtained from the Low Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectroscopy (LORAAS) experiment aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) with computational modeling results from the NRL ionosphere code "Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere'' (SAMI2). We also compare the electron density obtained from SAMI2 with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The O+ density comparison between the LORAAS data analysis and the SAMI2 results is very good considering that the modeled results near the geomagnetic equator are sensitive to the electric field and neutral wind models. For example, we find better agreement with the data using a simple sinusoidal model of the E B drift instead of the empirical Fejer/Scherliess drift model Scherliess and Fejer [1999]. It is expected that better agreement between data and modeled results will be achieved using more accurate electric field and neutral wind input data. This suggests that the ARGOS data set will be an important test bed to assess the physical processes needed in a comprehensive model of the low-to mid-latitude ionosphere. The comparison of the LORAAS data with the IRI model is also reasonably good, but some details of the ionosphere's morphology is better described by SAMI2. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Washington, DC USA. Leading Edge Technol Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 7 AR 1102 DI 10.1029/2001GL013089 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DE UT WOS:000178886700058 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Westphal, DL Livingston, JM Savoie, DL Maring, HB Jonsson, HH Eleuterio, DP Kinney, JE Reid, EA AF Reid, JS Westphal, DL Livingston, JM Savoie, DL Maring, HB Jonsson, HH Eleuterio, DP Kinney, JE Reid, EA TI Dust vertical distribution in the Caribbean during the Puerto Rico Dust experiment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN DUST AB [1] As part of Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE), a Piper Navajo research aircraft, equipped with particle probes and an airborne Sun photometer, was deployed to Puerto Rico in July 2000. During the study, mid-visible optical depths in Puerto Rico due to dust reached 0.5. In the middle of the summer transport season, the vertical distributions of dust were similar to that commonly assumed in the region with dust concentrated in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) aloft. However, during the first half of the study period, dust had the highest concentrations in the marine and convective boundary layers, with lower dust concentrations above the trade inversion despite the presence of a strong SAL. Supporting meteorology suggests that the state of the monsoon on the coast of Africa influences the nature of the vertical distribution of dust in the Caribbean. C1 SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Atmospher Propagat Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Atmospher Propagat Branch, Code D858,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 7 AR 1151 DI 10.1029/2001GL014092 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DE UT WOS:000178886700009 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HB DeFerrari, HA Williams, NJ Venezia, WA AF Nguyen, HB DeFerrari, HA Williams, NJ Venezia, WA TI Ocean acoustic sensor installation at the South Florida Ocean Measurement Center SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic signal processing; nominiformly spaced arrays; remote sensing; underwater acoustic arrays; underwater acoustic measurements; underwater acoustic propagation AB A tri-axial array of acoustic hydrophones has recently been installed off the South Florida coast in 145 in of water. The installation is one of a number of projects that have begun making use of the new South Florida Ocean Measurement Center facilities in Dania, FL. The arrays are linked to shore via a fiber-optic cable and powered from shore with a separate insulated copper cable. Two of the arms of the array are deployed on the bottom to the east and south of the origin. The third array is a sub-surface vertical mooring which includes a pressure sensor to monitor the depth of the top buoy. Each axis contains 32 hydrophones spaced in a nonlinear distribution to facilitate acoustic coherence measurements. Other sensor configurations are possible, including the replacement of hydrophones with other instruments such as current meters or temperature, pressure, or conductivity sensors. Small projectors are placed at the base of the vertical array and at the ends of the horizontal arrays, making it possible to determine the location of each sensor in real time via time-of-flight measurements. Computers running the Linux operating system control the projectors and process data from each leg of the array. Each of the three computers is connected via fiber-optic lines to a Fast Ethernet switch box and network to shore. The computers can be accessed via TCP/IP connection and programmed from shore to suit new missions. A wireless link to the Nova Southeastern University network and the Internet makes it possible to access the system and conduct experiments from anywhere in the world. The current mission of this system is to study the coherence of shallow-water acoustic propagation. However, knowledge gained here will facilitate a variety of future projects-which include active and passive sonars, ambient noise study, high-frequency acoustic monitoring of fish migration, and acoustic tomographic monitoring of the Gulf Stream. Excellent data were obtained from several experiments. At the present time, only the vertical array is working but plans to restore the two horizontal arrays are actively pursued. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Carderock Div, S Florida Testing Facil, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Nguyen, HB (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 AR PII S0364-9059(02)00693-3 DI 10.1109/JOE.2002.1002478 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 554UC UT WOS:000175754700011 ER PT J AU Jemison, WD Kreuzberger, AJ Funk, E AF Jemison, WD Kreuzberger, AJ Funk, E TI Microwave photonic vector modulator for high-speed wireless digital communications SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE photonic phase shifting; vector modulation AB This letter presents the design, realization, and experimental results of a microwave/photonic circuit suitable for highspeed direct digital modulation of microwave signals. The modulator employs a combination of microwave, photonic, and digital techniques to produce a discrete phase and amplitude (i.e., vector) modulated carrier signal. The proof-of-concept demonstration presented in this paper was performed using a carrier frequency of 1 GHz and supports BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM. The paper also discusses ways to modify the modulator to simultaneously achieve data rates on the order of several hundreds of Mbs and wideband frequency hopping. C1 Lafayette Coll, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jemison, WD (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 125 EP 127 AR PII S1531-1309(02)03965-X DI 10.1109/7260.993289 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 537EA UT WOS:000174744300004 ER PT J AU Drumheller, DM Lew, H AF Drumheller, DM Lew, H TI Homodyned-K fluctuation model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID NOISE; STATISTICS; CLUTTER AB The statistics of the matched filter output are examined for the case of a nonfluctuating target in K-type clutter. The resulting "homodyned-K" backscatter model is a generalization of the classic Rayleigh-Rice model and has applications in radar, sonar, optics, and ultrasonic medical imaging. This paper presents exact and asymptotic equations for the probability density function (pdf), survival function (SF), moments, and parameter estimation. The exact equations are expressed as infinite series. Also provided are proof of the series' convergence and guidance for their numerical computation. Examples illustrating the model's application to radar and sonar are presented using electromagnetic and acoustic backscatter data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Maritime Operat Div, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. RP Drumheller, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 527 EP 542 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1008984 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 560BU UT WOS:000176062300014 ER PT J AU Drumheller, DM Lew, H AF Drumheller, DM Lew, H TI Pade approximations to matched-filter amplitude probability functions: Rayleigh mixtures and multiple observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Techniques are presented for deriving approximations to the statistical functions that characterize linear sums of matched-filter outputs. They are derived using two techniques: 1) Pade approximations to the multidimensional characteristic function (CF), and 2) discrete Rayleigh mixtures based on an exact or approximate form of the Rayleigh parameter probability density function (pdf). The Pade-based approximations are used for modeling the "clutter-only" case and computing detection thresholds, whereas the Rayleigh mixtures are best suited for modeling the "target-plus-clutter" case and computing target detection probabilites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Maritime Operat Div, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. RP Drumheller, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 621 EP 632 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1008991 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 560BU UT WOS:000176062300021 ER PT J AU Xia, XG Wang, GY Chen, VC AF Xia, XG Wang, GY Chen, VC TI Quantitave SNR xnalysis for ISAR imaging using joint time-frequeney analysis - Short time Fourier transform SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AMBIGUITY FUNCTION; SIGNALS AB V. C. Chen recently presented an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique using the joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA), which has been shown having a better performance for maneuvering targets over the conventional Fourier transform method. The main reason is because the frequencies of the radar returns of the maneuvering targets are time varying and a JTFA is a technique that is suitable for such signals, in particular a JTFA may concentrate a wideband signal, such as a chirp, while it spreads noise. We quantitatively study the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the ISAR imaging using one of the typical JTFA techniques, namely the short time Fourier transform (STFT). We show that the SNR increases in the joint time-frequency (TF) domain over the one in the time or the frequency domain alone both theoretically and numerically. This quantitatively shows the advantage of the JTFA technique for the ISAR imaging. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xia, XG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 649 EP 659 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 560BU UT WOS:000176062300023 ER PT J AU Toporkov, JV Brown, GS AF Toporkov, JV Brown, GS TI Numerical study of the extended Kirchhoff approach and the lowest order small slope approximation for scattering from ocean-like surfaces: Doppler analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Doppler spectrum; electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces; integral equation methods; low grazing angles; numerical methods; Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum ID GAUSSIAN ROUGHNESS SPECTRUM; CONDUCTING RANDOM SURFACES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; BISTATIC MODEL; VALIDITY; WAVES AB The validity of the lowest order small slope approximation [SSA(1)] and the extended Kirchhoff approach (EKA) by Elfouhaily, et al. has been studied by comparing the Doppler spectra of the backscattered signals predicted by these models to their counterparts from exact integral equation-based numerical simulations. The study is conducted at L and S bands (electromagnetic wavelengths 23 and 10 cm); the rough ocean-like surfaces correspond to the wind speed of 5 m/s and were generated using both linear and nonlinear (Creamer) models. The incidence angle varies from normal to low grazing. Expressions for the two analytical models possess many similarities but contain different incidence/scattering angle-dependent factors. The analysis of the bistatic scattering cross sections predicted by the two models reveals that SSA(I) follows the exact numerical results more closely than the EKA. Moreover, at horizontal polarization the extended Kirchhoff bistatic cross section displays certain anomalies (unlimited growth at grazing scattering angles) that are indicative of the problems with this model. However, in the backscattering direction, the expressions for the two models are identical. Doppler analysis of the backscattered signals shows that in general, the analytical models provide better agreement with the numerical results for smaller incident angles. In addition, the agreement between the models and the exact numerical simulations is always better in the case of vertical polarization for which the analytical models give a satisfactory prediction of the Doppler spectrum for incident angles as large as 85degrees from the normal for both linear and nonlinear surfaces. For horizontal polarization, the models give increasingly, poor predictions of the shape, magnitude, and location of the Doppler spectrum for incident angles in the range from 600 to low grazing. Doppler analysis proves to be a much more precise and sensitive tool in assessing the scattering model's validity than the usual comparison of cross sections. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 417 EP 425 AR PII S0018-926X(02)04958-X DI 10.1109/TAP.2002.1003376 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 554NG UT WOS:000175741600001 ER PT J AU Mayer, R Priest, R AF Mayer, R Priest, R TI Object detection using transformed signatures in multitemporal hyperspectral imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE algorithms for hyperspectral imagery; automatic target detection; remote sensing ID AIRBORNE; SAMPLES AB Changes in atmosphere, ground conditions, and sensor response between multitemporal airborne imaging sessions have limited the use of fixed target hyperspectral libraries in helping to identify targets in heterogeneous (cluttered) backgrounds. This hyperspectral target signature instability has resulted in using anomaly detection algorithms to detect targets in real time applications. The anomaly detection algorithms, however, have not detected targets at sufficiently low false alarm rates. This study examines mathematical transforms of target spectral signatures. Specifically this study uses statistical information regarding background clutter taken from one long-wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral (8-12 mum) airborne imagery flown on one day, to find the target spectral signature flown on another day (with significantly dissimilar weather conditions). The transforms use overlapping regions in the two data sets but without subpixel level registration. This work analyzes image cubes collected during the November 1998 Hyperspectral Day/Night Radiometry Assessment (HYDRA) data collect. The transformed signatures used in matched filter searches successfully find targets (even targets nearly covered) with low false alarm rates (<1 FA/kilometer(2)) and remained sensitive to targets using a reduced number of pixels in the overlap region. This work has demonstrated the transformation of target spectral signatures to search for candidate targets using multitemporal hyperspectral images without requiring accurate geo-registration. C1 SFA Inc, Woodlands Off Ctr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), SFA Inc, Woodlands Off Ctr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 831 EP 840 AR PII S0196-2892(02)04596-5 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1006361 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559DB UT WOS:000176008900010 ER PT J AU Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phillips, G Wulf, EA Luke, PN AF Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phillips, G Wulf, EA Luke, PN TI Development of germanium strip detectors for environmental remediation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) CY OCT 15-20, 2000 CL LYON, FRANCE SP IEEE, CEA, IN2P3, CERN DE germanium radiation detectors; imaging; radiation detectors; semiconductor radiation detectors ID POSITION AB We present the initial results of the first germanium strip detector array for the imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray sources. The array consists of four detectors, 5 x 5 x 1 cm. each, with 25 strips on each side. The detectors are daisy chained to hybrid preamplifiers to reduce the number of channels of electronics. Good spectroscopy and imaging are achieved. We also present results from the development of an amorphous germanium contact technology as an alternative to the lithium contact technology. A prototype 25 x 25 strip detector was manufactured with this new technology and demonstrates good spectroscopy and imaging. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 597 EP 600 AR PII S0018-9499(02)03899-6 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1003681 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 555YR UT WOS:000175821100010 ER PT J AU Schumer, JW Mosher, D Moosman, B Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Qi, NS Schein, J Krishnan, M AF Schumer, JW Mosher, D Moosman, B Weber, BV Commisso, RJ Qi, NS Schein, J Krishnan, M TI Two-dimensional MHD simulations of a neon Z pinch on Hawk SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MHD simulations; neon gas puff; plasma radiation source; snow-plow implosions; Z pinch ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; HIGH-VELOCITY; IMPLOSIONS; DENSITY; ARGON; LOADS AB Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations using MACH2 are benchmarked against laser shearing interferometer (LSI) images of the evolving electron-density sheath during 250-ns neon gas-puff z pinch implosions on the Naval Research Laboratory Hawk generator. The initial density distribution for the MHD simulations is calculated using a ballistic-flow-model fit to the measured initial gas-density distributions. The implosion is modeled using an applied current profile, single-temperature energy equations, and black-body-limited optically thin radiation. For consistency with the radiation model, neon ionization and equation-of-state models have been added to MACH2. Computed MHD ion-density distributions compare well with LSI images as the snowplowed plasma channel evolves during implosion. The MHD results also show features that may be helpful for understanding early and weak K-shell radiation observed near the nozzle in Double-Eagle gas-puff experiments. Current-channel evolution derived from one-dimensional snow-plow calculations compare well to the MHD results for the same current history and initial density distribution, indicating that axial mass flow does not strongly impact the implosion dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 488 EP 497 AR PII S0093-3813(02)05326-2 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024281 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QT UT WOS:000177536600006 ER PT J AU Sze, HM Levine, JS Banister, JW Coleman, PL Failor, BH Song, Y Apruzese, JP Davis, J Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Bell, D AF Sze, HM Levine, JS Banister, JW Coleman, PL Failor, BH Song, Y Apruzese, JP Davis, J Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Bell, D TI K-shell radiation from nickel wire arrays at 18 MA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell X-ray production; plasma radiation sources; wire array z pinch; z pinch plasma ID Z-PINCH; IMPLOSIONS AB A series of nickel z pinch experiments was conducted at 18 MA current on the Z accelerator producing up to 13 kJ of K-shell radiation at 7.8 keV and above. Double-shell wire arrays were used, with the diameter of the outer array of the nested structure varied from 55 to 70 mm. By using Cr and Mn dopants in conjunction with a streak spectrograph, the interaction of the outer and inner array could be investigated. The radiation from the outer array started slightly after the inner array and lasted longer, producing comparable energy per atom at lower power. This indicates that the arrays were well mixed for most of the radiation pulse, in contrast to the observed behavior of a double-shell gas puff. C1 Titan Syst Corp, Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Sze, HM (reprint author), Titan Syst Corp, Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. EM jlevine@titan.com NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 532 EP 537 AR PII S0093-3813(02)05328-6 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024286 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QT UT WOS:000177536600011 ER PT J AU Failor, BH Deeney, C LePell, PD Riordan, JC Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Nash, TJ Yadlowsky, EJ Moschella, JJ AF Failor, BH Deeney, C LePell, PD Riordan, JC Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Nash, TJ Yadlowsky, EJ Moschella, JJ TI Time-resolved spectroscopy and energy-resolved imaging of coated wire arrays as the interwire spacing is decreased SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell X-ray production; plasma radiation sources; wire array z pinch; z pinch plasma ID SIMILAR ATOMIC NUMBERS; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; X-RAY-EMISSION; Z-PINCHES; POWER; TEMPERATURE; IMPLOSIONS; GENERATORS; ELEMENTS AB We have spectroscopically observed, as suggested by Sanford et al. (1996), a transition from discrete wire implosions to the implosion of a more continuous plasma shell in aluminum-wire-array z pinches driven by a 7-TW electrical generator. The time history of magnesium dopant K-shell X-ray emission depended on the interwire spacing, as well as whether the dopant was introduced as an alloy in or a coating on the aluminum wires. We diagnose the final assembly of the hot, dense K-shell emitting core, a region of the pinch not accessible to laser interferometry or optical/UV emission measurements. C1 Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Hytect Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. RP Failor, BH (reprint author), Titan Syst Corp, Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 547 EP 551 AR PII S0093-3813(02)05314-6 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024288 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QT UT WOS:000177536600013 ER PT J AU Terry, RE Giuliani, JL AF Terry, RE Giuliani, JL TI Free surface boundary conditions for diffusive radiation transport in PRS simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Milne condition; plasma radiation sources; radiation transport AB The use of a free surface boundary condition for radiation streaming into an optically thin exterior region of a plasma radiation source (PRS) is developed and tested within the Mach2 code. The matching problem for diffusive and free streaming radiation flux at an interface is solved in the presence of energy exchange between the diffusing radiation and the ambient electron fluid. It is found that the ratio of Planck to Rosseland opacity is a strong modifier of the radiation temperature profile required to meet the match condition. Moreover, as compared to an external radiation temperature boundary condition, a free surface boundary condition predicts a radiation fluence more compatible with a semithin emission regime assessed by the tabular CRE model. The free surface condition also removes the need to assess the radiation temperature at simulation boundaries far away from the PRS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terry, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 604 EP 610 AR PII S0093-3813(02)05315-8 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024295 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QT UT WOS:000177536600020 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Villinger, F Oakley, M Aguiar, JC Jones, TR Hedstrom, RC Gowda, K Chute, J Stowers, A Kaslow, DC Thomas, EK Tine, J Klinman, D Hoffman, SL Weiss, WW AF Kumar, S Villinger, F Oakley, M Aguiar, JC Jones, TR Hedstrom, RC Gowda, K Chute, J Stowers, A Kaslow, DC Thomas, EK Tine, J Klinman, D Hoffman, SL Weiss, WW TI A DNA vaccine encoding the 42 kDa C-terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum induces antibody, interferon-gamma and cytotoxic T cell responses in rhesus monkeys: immuno-stimulatory effects of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; rhesus monkey; merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1); cytotoxic T cells (CTL); interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); DNA vaccine ID AOTUS MONKEYS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PLASMID DNA; MALARIA; EXPRESSION; IMMUNOGENICITY; FRAGMENT; ANTIGEN; YOELII; MICE AB We have constructed a DNA plasmid vaccine encoding the C-terminal 42-kDa region of the merozoite surface protein1 (pMSP1(42)) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7). This plasmid expressed recombinant MSP1(42) after in vitro transfection in mouse VM92 cells. Rhesus monkeys immunized with pMSP1(42) produced antibodies reactive with Pf3D7 infected erythrocytes by IFAT, and by ELISA against yeast produced MSP1(19) (yMSP1(19)). Immunization also induced antigen specific T cell responses Lis measured by interferon-gamma production. and by classical CTL chromium release assays, In addition. immunization with pMSP1(42) primed animals for an enhanced antibody response to a subsequent boost with the recombinant yMSP1(19). We also evaluated Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant for pMSP1(42). We tested both rhesus GM-CSF expressed from a DNA plasmid and E. coli produced recombinant human GM-CSF, Plasmids encoding rhesus GM-CSF (prhGM-CSF) and human GM-CSF (phuGM-CSF) were constructed, these plasmids expressed bio-active recombinant GMCSF. Co-immunization with a mixture of prhGM-CSF and pMSP1(42) induced higher specific antibody responses after the first dose of plasmid. but after three doses of DNA monkeys immunized with or without prhGM-CSF had the same final antibody titers and T cell responses. In comparison, rhuGM-CSF protein did not lead to accelerated antibody production after the first DNA dose. However, antibody titers ere maintained at it slightly higher level in monkeys receiving GM-CSF protein, and they had a higher response to boosting with recombinant MSP1(19). The GM-CSF plasmid or protein appears to be less potent as an adjutant in rhesus monkeys than each is in mice, and more work is needed to determine if GM-CSF can be a useful adjuvant in DNA vaccination of primates. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIDDK, Stem Cell Biol Sect, USN, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Immunex Corp, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Sect Retroviral Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Merck Pharmaceut, W Point, PA 19486 USA. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 AR PII S0165-2478(01)00316-9 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(01)00316-9 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 529UR UT WOS:000174318800002 PM 11841841 ER PT J AU Szymanski, CM Burr, DH Guerry, P AF Szymanski, CM Burr, DH Guerry, P TI Campylobacter protein glycosylation affects host cell interactions SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VIVO; JEJUNI; FLAGELLIN; PILIN; IDENTIFICATION; GENES AB Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 pgl mutants impaired in general protein glycosylation showed reduced ability to adhere to and invade INT407 cells and to colonize intestinal tracts of mice. C1 USN, Enter Dis Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US FDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Enter Dis Program, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 49 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2242 EP 2244 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2242-2244.2002 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200069 PM 11895996 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, DS TI Transatlantic relations and peace in Europe SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB In his recent novel Alain Cremieux imagines what might happen in Europe without NATO and US military forces and security commitments. Numerous border and minority conflicts break out, coalitions comparable to those in Europe's past begin to form, and the European Union is divided and ineffectual- until pro-peace and pro-EU forces rally. Most European countries then unite under a treaty providing for collective defence and security and a new central European government. The novel raises questions of international order: to what extent have the Europeans overcome their old 'demons' (distrust, power rivalry etc.), notably through the EU', While many theories purport to explain the peaceful relations among, the EU member states, critical tests of the Union's political cohesion would come in circumstances without the US-dominated external security framework, including US leadership in NATO. To what extent could the EU maintain cohesion and resist aggression or coercion by an external power against a member state, contain and resolve external conflicts affecting EU interests, and defend the Union's economic and security interests beyond Europe? To determine whether the US 'pacifying' and protective role has in fact become irrelevant, thanks in large part to the EU, would require a risky experiment-actually removing US military forces and commitments. The challenges and uncertainties that would face Europe without NATO argue that the Alliance remains an essential underpinning of political order in Europe. Moreover, the Alliance can serve as a key element in the campaigns against terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. To revitalize the Alliance, it is imperative that the Europeans improve their military capabilities and acquire the means necessary for a more balanced transatlantic partnership in maintaining international security. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD APR PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 277 EP + DI 10.1111/1468-2346.00251 PG 25 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 536NQ UT WOS:000174709200004 ER PT J AU Todd, G John, A Vacchiano, C Pellegrini, J AF Todd, G John, A Vacchiano, C Pellegrini, J TI Intradermal ketorolac for reduction of epidural back pain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA LA English DT Article ID ANESTHESIA AB Between 30 and 45% of all parturients receiving epidural laboring analgesia complain of postpartum back pain. Although long-term or chronic back pain has been reported, our study focuses on acute or short-term back pain that resolves within 72 h. The purpose of this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation was to determine if a ketorolac/lidocaine intradermal anesthesia combination could decrease post-epidural back pain. A total of 81 non-complicated parturients requesting epidural analgesia were approached for inclusion and randomized to receive either 3 mL of 1% lidocaine (control group) or 3 mL of 1% lidocaine with 6 mg ketorolac (experimental group) for dermal anesthesia. A 0-10 verbal numeric scale was used to assess pain at rest and with activity at 24 and 72 It. Demographics, mode of delivery, and duration of labor were noted. A chi(2) test was used to analyse frequency data and a Student's t-test and generalized estimation equation were used to analyze ordinal and interval data. Demographics, mode of delivery and length of labor were similar between groups. Significantly lower verbal numeric scores were noted in the experimental group at the 24-h active measurements after vaginal delivery and at 24 and 72 h for both active and resting measurements after cesarean delivery. Based on these findings it can be recommended that intradermal ketorolac given at the time of epidural catheter placement may result in a reduction in post-epidural back pain in the parturient, especially in the event of cesarean delivery. (C) 2002 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Navy Nurse Corps Anesthesia Program, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Todd, G (reprint author), USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Navy Nurse Corps Anesthesia Program, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0959-289X J9 INT J OBSTET ANESTH JI Int. J. Obstet. Anesth. PD APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1054/ijoa.2001.0936 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Anesthesiology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 557WJ UT WOS:000175931500006 PM 15321561 ER PT J AU Rempt, RP AF Rempt, RP TI Air Defence Part III - Battle Force Engineering - Letter to Dr. Roca SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Rempt, RP (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PD APR-SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 620AX UT WOS:000179511700002 ER PT J AU Ng, SJ Boswell, R Claus, SJ Arnold, F AF Ng, SJ Boswell, R Claus, SJ Arnold, F TI Degree of cure, heat of reaction and viscosity of 8552 and 977-3 HM epoxy resins SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The heat of reaction for the cure, degree of cure, and viscosity of Hexcel 8552, and Cytec Fiberite 977-3 HM neat resins were measured using a modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC) and a rheometric digital analyzer (RDA). Expressions were developed using isothermal tests for correlating the rate of degree of cure and the viscosity with the degree of cure using a Lee, Loos, and Springer approach. The models were used to predict the kinetic behavior of the resins using the respective manufacturer cure cycle. Data were collected and a good correlation was found with the model. In addition, the kinetic behaviors of these systems were compared to Hercules 3501-6 data. A second study was also performed to compare cure models developed based on neat and prepreg forms of the resin viscosity data. Vastly different viscosity behaviors were found indicating further physical insights are necessary to account for fiber/resin content and material properties difference. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ng, SJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 533EE UT WOS:000174515800007 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Zabetakis, D Singh, A AF Stanish, I Zabetakis, D Singh, A TI Efficient separation of yolk from white in boiled chicken eggs leads to convenient extraction of biologically viable phosphatidylcholine lipids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID LIQUID C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanish, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 481 EP 483 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 531QR UT WOS:000174427500024 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Hagerty, BM Yousha, SM Hoyle, KS Oe, H AF Williams, RA Hagerty, BM Yousha, SM Hoyle, KS Oe, H TI Factors associated with depression in navy recruits SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DSM-III-R; STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; LIFE EVENTS; HEALTH; RELIABILITY; LONELINESS; VALIDITY AB The age of onset for depression is decreasing and seems to be linked with major life events, This study examined predisposing and concomitant factors related to Navy recruit basic training, and consisted of 443 recruits (200 with depressive symptoms and 243 matched comparison subjects). Two hypotheses were proposed, and both were supported by results of the study. Depressed recruits were more likely to be separated from the Navy and not complete training. They had significantly more predisposing factors than comparison recruits including family history of mental illness, family history of alcohol abuse, and history of psychiatric problems. They also had significantly more concomitant factors such as higher levels of stress, more loneliness, more life-change events, lower sense of belonging, more emotion-oriented coping, and less task-oriented coping. Although the study examined Navy recruits, the findings are applicable to depression in young people. This study adds to understanding the role of life stressors, interpersonal functioning, and development of depressive symptoms, (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Naval Hosp, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 N Ingalls,Room 4352, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 68 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9762 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 323 EP 337 DI 10.1002/jclp.1146 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 535CH UT WOS:000174627300001 PM 11920688 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Olson, CB Merrill, LL AF Stander, VA Olson, CB Merrill, LL TI Self-definition as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse among navy recruits SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; IMPACT; ETHNICITY; SYMPTOMS; RACE AB This study explored how specific childhood sexual experiences (CSEs) might be related to self-identification as a victim of sexual abuse and to gender differences in self-defined victimization. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship of demographic and CSE characteristics with self-definitions. The characteristics most strongly associated were threats-force, incest, and younger age at the time of the experience. Men were less likely than were women to acknowledge abuse and to report CSE characteristics indicative of abuse. Women were more likely to identify themselves as victims the more CSEs they reported involving sexual penetration. Finally, in an analysis of familial abuse, men were more likely to define themselves as victims if the perpetrator was also male. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1037//0022-006X.70.2.369 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 538FT UT WOS:000174805100011 PM 11952195 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Gopinath, A Marshall, C AF Dutta, I Gopinath, A Marshall, C TI Underfill constraint effects during thermomechanical cycling of flip-chip solder joints SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE solder; underfill; coarsening; constraints; thermomechanical cycling; flip chip ID RELIABILITY; ASSEMBLIES AB The presence of an "underfill" encapsulant between a microelectronic device and the underlying substrate is known to substantially improve the thermal fatigue life of flip-chip (FC) solder joints, primarily due to load-transfer from the solder to the encapsulant. In this study, a new single joint-shear (SJS) test, which allows the measurement of the strain response of an individual solder ball during thermomechanical cycling (TMC), has been used to investigate the impact of the constraint imposed by the underfill on a solder joint. Finite element (FE) modeling has been used to demonstrate that the SJS sample geometry captures most of the deformation characteristics of an FC joint and to provide insight into experimental observations. It has been shown that the strain response of a eutectic Pb-Sn solder joint is influenced significantly by in-situ microstructural coarsening during TMC, which in turn is dependent on the underfill properties. In general, underfill properties, which allow the imposition of large compressive-hydrostatic stresses on the solder joint, were the most effective in reducing coarsening. Phase coarsening prevented the stabilization of the stress-strain response of the solder, even in the absence of crack damage, and was found to depend strongly on the local inelastic-strain state within the joint. This necessitates that future solder deformation models account for strain-history-dependent microstructural evolution and that underfill properties be optimized to minimize the extent of coarsening during TMC in order to maximize joint life. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0141-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 537AU UT WOS:000174735000004 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, J George, JT Kolske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Rek, Z AF Chaudhuri, J George, JT Kolske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Rek, Z TI Reduction of dislocation density in GaN films on sapphire using AlN interlayers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB GaN (00.1) thin films, of thickness 1.25 to 2.25 mum grown on sapphire substrate (11.0) by metallo organic chemical vapor phase deposition (MOCVD) with different number of AlN interlayers, were characterized by triple crystal diffractometry and synchrotron white beam x-ray topography (SWBXT). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of x-ray rocking curves from symmetric and asymmetric reflections was used to estimate the dislocation density in GaN films. It has been found that the edge dislocation density decreased from 1.63 x 10(10) cm(-2) to 1.23 x 10(10) cm(-2) and the screw dislocation density decreased from 2.0 x 10(8) cm(-2) to 1.1 x 10(8) cm(-2) when one AlN interlayer was inserted between the high temperature GaN layer. The dislocation density decreased further with the increase in number of interlayers. On the other hand the compressive stress in the GaN film increased from -0.29 GPa to -0.86 GPa. The compressive stress further increased as the number of interlayers increased but no cracking in the GaN film was observed. This could be due to better adhesion between the film and substrate due to interlayers. SWBXT in transmission from a GaN(00.1)/Al2O3(11.0) sample confirms the orientation of GaN and indicates that it is a single crystal with high dislocation density. SWBXT from the Al2O3 substrate shows cellular structure of dislocations. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chaudhuri, J (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RI Chaudhuri, Jharna/E-8863-2013 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1449 EP 1453 DI 10.1023/A:1014557604325 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 530MA UT WOS:000174360400023 ER PT J AU Woo, JC Varma, SK Wang, PW Avila, M Mahapatra, RN AF Woo, JC Varma, SK Wang, PW Avila, M Mahapatra, RN TI Comparison of in situ oxidation between Ti-44Al and Ti-44Al-11Nb alloys below 400 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLICS; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; NITROGEN; AIR C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Woo, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 539 EP 541 DI 10.1023/A:1015404904262 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 551EJ UT WOS:000175546300007 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Atlanta, 1864: Last chance for the Confederacy SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.2307/3093099 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700040 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, D TI On the German art of war. Truppenfuhrung SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 593 EP 594 DI 10.2307/3093117 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700059 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI The Eagle Mutiny SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 629 EP 630 DI 10.2307/3093145 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700087 ER PT J AU Herbers, THC Elgar, S Sarap, NA Guza, RT AF Herbers, THC Elgar, S Sarap, NA Guza, RT TI Nonlinear dispersion of surface gravity waves in shallow water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA; BREAKING WAVES; NATURAL BEACH; EVOLUTION; FIELD; MODEL; DEPTH AB The nonlinear dispersion of random, directionally spread surface gravity waves in shallow water is examined with Boussinesq theory and field observations. A theoretical dispersion relationship giving a directionally averaged wavenumber magnitude as a function of frequency, the local water depth, and the local wave spectrum and bispectrum is derived for waves propagating over a gently sloping beach with straight and parallel depth contours. The linear, nondispersive shallow water relation is recovered as the first-order solution, with weak frequency and amplitude dispersion appearing as second-order corrections. Wavenumbers were estimated using four arrays of pressure sensors deployed in 2-6-m depth on a gently sloping sandy beach. When wave energy is low, the observed wavenumbers agree with the linear, finite-depth dispersion relation over a wide frequency range. In high energy conditions, the observed wavenumbers deviate from the linear dispersion relation by as much as 20%-30% in the frequency range from two to three times the frequency of the primary spectral peak, but agree well with the nonlinear Boussinesq dispersion relation, confirming that the deviations from linear theory are finite amplitude effects. In high energy conditions, the predicted frequency and amplitude dispersion tend to cancel, yielding a nearly nondispersive wave field in which waves of all frequencies travel with approximately the linear shallow water wave speed, consistent with the observations. The nonlinear Boussinesq theory wavenumber predictions (based on the assumption of irrotational wave motion) are accurate even within the surf zone, suggesting that wave breaking on gently sloping beaches has little effect on the dispersion relation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Herbers, THC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-He, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1193 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1181:NDOSGW>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 535CL UT WOS:000174627600005 ER PT J AU Matano, RP Beier, EJ Strub, PT Tokmakian, R AF Matano, RP Beier, EJ Strub, PT Tokmakian, R TI Large-scale forcing of the Agulhas variability: The seasonal cycle SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH INDIAN-OCEAN; BOUNDARY CURRENTS EAST; MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL; CIRCULATION; MADAGASCAR; REGION; MODEL; FLOW; RETROFLECTION; NORTH AB In this article the authors examine the kinematics and dynamics of the seasonal cycle in the western Indian Ocean in an eddy-permitting global simulation [Parallel Ocean Circulation Model, model run 4C (POCM-4C)]. Seasonal changes of the transport of the Agulhas Current are linked to the large-scale circulation in the tropical region. According to the model, the Agulhas Current transport has a seasonal variation with a maximum at the transition between the austral winter and the austral spring and a minimum between the austral summer and the austral autumn. Regional and basin-scale mass balances indicate that although the mean flow of the Agulhas Current has a substantial contribution from the Indonesian Throughflow, there appears to be no dynamical linkage between the seasonal oscillations of these two currents. Instead, evidence was found that the seasonal cycle of the western Indian Ocean is the result of the oscillation of barotropic modes forced directly by the wind. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Matano, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1228 EP 1241 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1228:LSFOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 535CL UT WOS:000174627600008 ER PT J AU Kown, YW Lannamann, DL AF Kown, YW Lannamann, DL TI Dynamic numerical modeling and simulation of interfacial cracks in sandwich structures for damage detection SO JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Dynamic modeling of interfacial cracks between the skin and core materials was performed and numerical simulation was undertaken to study the feasibility of crack detection. The cracks were modeled in the way as they were physically in the sandwich beam structures using the finite element method. Numerical simulation of impact-hammer hit was applied to the finite element models to calculate the time history of strain responses along the sandwich beams. Dynamic crack opening and closure was considered with friction at the surfaces of interfacial Cracks. Thus, nonlinear dynamic analysis was conducted. Then, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used to transform the time responses to frequency responses. The effects of interfacial cracks were examined in both time and frequency plots by comparing those responses between the damaged structure and the intact structure. The present study showed that the effect of crack closure was important so that nonlinear analysis was necessary to represent the interfacial crack behaviors properly. The strain response from nonlinear dynamic analysis (i.e. simulated impact hammer hit) had great potential for detecting and locating a small size of interfacial crack in a sandwich beam structure. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kown, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1099-6362 J9 J SANDW STRUCT MATER JI J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. PD APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 175 EP 199 DI 10.1106/109963602022706 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 641HQ UT WOS:000180739700005 ER PT J AU Neill, JW Miller, FR Brown, DD AF Neill, JW Miller, FR Brown, DD TI Maximin clusters for non-replicated multiresponse lack of fit tests SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE linear multiresponse model; regression; lack of fit; union-intersection principle; nonreplication; between-cluster; within-cluster; maximin power; minimal covers ID REGRESSION LACK; DESIGN; MODELS; POWER AB Khuri (Technometrics 27 (1985) 213) and Levy and Neill (Comm. Statist. A 19 (1990) 1987) presented regression lack of fit tests for multiresponse data with replicated observations available at points in the experimental region, thereby extending the classical univariate lack of fit test given by Fisher (J. Roy. Statist. Soc. 85 (1922) 597). In this paper, multivariate tests for lack of fit in a linear multiresponse model are derived for the common circumstance in which replicated observations are not obtained. The tests are based on the union-intersection principle, and provide multiresponse extensions of the univariate tests for between- and within-cluster lack of fit introduced by Christensen (Ann. of Statist. 17 (1989) 673; J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86 (1991) 752). Since the proper-ties of these tests depend on the choice of multivariate clusters of the observations, a multiresponse generalization of the maximin power clustering criterion given by Miller, Neill and Sherfey (Ann. of Statist. 26 (1998) 1411; J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 94 (1999) 610) is also developed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Math, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 102 IS 2 BP 359 EP 375 AR PII S0378-3758(01)00102-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-3758(01)00102-1 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 542AH UT WOS:000175020100012 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C AF Feuillade, C TI Comment on "Corrections to Foldy's effective medium theory for propagation in bubble clouds and other collections of very small scatterers" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 2149-2154 (1999)] (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATTENUATION; DISPERSION; WATER; FISH AB Criticisms made by Henyey of my article "The attenuation and dispersion of sound in water containing multiply interacting air bubbles" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 3412-3430 (1996)] are refuted. The first two criticisms are based upon misunderstandings and misreadings of my article. The third criticism. based upon an unjustifiable comparison between theories designed for dissimilar physical cases, is irrelevant. My theory is designed to apply to high volume fraction, strong resonator cases where Foldy's scattering theory has been unable to satisfactorily explain experimental data. Henyey notes that his theory is applicable to low volume fraction and/or weak scatterer cases. Any overlap in the ranges of the two theories appears negligible for practical purposes. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1552 EP 1555 DI 10.1121/1.1430688 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 541TQ UT WOS:000175000900003 PM 12002839 ER PT J AU Rouseff, D Turgut, A Wolf, SN Finette, S Orr, MH Pasewark, BH Apel, JR Badiey, M Chiu, CS Headrick, RH Lynch, JF Kemp, JN Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Tielbuerger, D AF Rouseff, D Turgut, A Wolf, SN Finette, S Orr, MH Pasewark, BH Apel, JR Badiey, M Chiu, CS Headrick, RH Lynch, JF Kemp, JN Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Tielbuerger, D TI Coherence of acoustic modes propagating through shallow water internal waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB The 1995 Shallow Water Acoustics in a Random Medium (SWARM) experiment [Apel et al., IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 22, 445-464 (1997)] was conducted off the New Jersey coast. The experiment featured two well-populated vertical receiving arrays, which permitted the measured acoustic field to be decomposed into its normal modes. The decomposition was repeated for successive transmissions allowing the amplitude of each mode to be tracked. The modal amplitudes were observed to decorrelate with time scales on the order of 100 s [Headrick et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107(1), 201-220 (2000)]. In the present work, a theoretical model is proposed to explain the observed decorrelation. Packets of intense internal waves are modeled as coherent structures moving along the acoustic propagation path without changing shape. The packets cause mode coupling and their motion results in a changing acoustic interference pattern. The model is consistent with the rapid decorrelation observed in SWARM. The model also predicts the observed partial recorrelation of the field at longer time scales. The model is first tested in simple continuous-wave simulations using canonical representations for the internal waves. More detailed time-domain simulations are presented mimicking the situation in SWARM. Modeling results are compared to experimental data. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Global Ocean Associates, Silver Spring, MD 20908 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Ocean Acoust Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Forschungsanstalt Bundeswehr Wasserschall & Geoph, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Rouseff, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1655 EP 1666 DI 10.1121/1.1461837 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 541TQ UT WOS:000175000900013 PM 12002848 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM Corsaro, RD AF Mott, PH Roland, CM Corsaro, RD TI Acoustic and dynamic mechanical properties of a polyurethane rubber SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BULK MODULUS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ELASTOMERS; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB Acoustical and dynamic mechanical measurements were carried out on a commercial polyurethane rubber, DeSoto PR1547. The sound speed and attenuation were measured over the range from 12.5 to 75 kHz and 3.9 to 33.6 degreesC. Shear modulus was measured from 10(-4) to 2 Hz and -36 to 34 degreesC. The peak heights of the shear loss tangent varied with temperature, demonstrating thermorheological complexity. At higher temperatures, time-temperature superpositioning could be applied, with the shift factors following the Willams-Landel-Ferry equation. From the combined acoustical and mechanical measurements, values for the dynamic bulk modulus were determined, Moreover, superposition of the bulk modulus data was achieved using the shift factors determined from the dynamic mechanical shear measurements. Finally, this work illustrates the capability and the working rules of acoustical measurements in a small tank. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1782 EP 1790 DI 10.1121/1.1459465 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 541TQ UT WOS:000175000900028 PM 12002862 ER PT J AU Gilles, L Tran, P AF Gilles, L Tran, P TI Optical switching in nonlinear chiral distributed Bragg reflectors with defect layers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BANDGAP STRUCTURE; COUPLED GAP SOLITONS; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; COPOLYMERS; CRYSTAL; PULSES; LASER; ORDER; MODES AB We present a new iterative approach to obtain the electric field from the displacement field for a chiral medium with Kerr nonlinearity. In a study recently reported [P. Tran, J. Opt, Soc. Am. B 16, 70 (1999)] this is done by a Newton-Raphson root-finding approach, which requires the initial guess to be near the solution. The new approach eliminates this requirement, and therefore it is more robust. We also study an all-optical switch using a chiral nonlinear thin-film Bragg reflector with two defect layers. This switch has a lower switching threshold than one using a perfect Bragg reflector. Since the switching operation is dependent on the shifting of the defect mode and not on the band edge (as in the case of a perfect multilayer structure), it should be less susceptible to manufacturing errors, (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Gilles, L (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Wu, Qihong/B-9803-2009 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 630 EP 639 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.000630 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 541ZP UT WOS:000175017800002 ER PT J AU Zien, TF AF Zien, TF TI Thermal effects of particles on hypersonic ablation SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Zien, TF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.2514/2.6680 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 543NF UT WOS:000175107500018 ER PT J AU Pegrum, M Kennell, C AF Pegrum, M Kennell, C TI Fuel efficiency comparison between high speed sealift ships and airlift aircraft SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the fuel efficiency of a number of concept designs for High Speed Sealift ships. A factor based on fuel weight, cargo weight and range is used to compare the ships with fixed-wing aircraft, rotary-wing aircraft and airships. It is shown that even with a substantial proportion of the ship's deadweight set aside for fuel, it is more efficient to use a High Speed Sealift ship. RP Pegrum, M (reprint author), NSWC, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 538MN UT WOS:000174819900005 ER PT J AU Orndorff, GR AF Orndorff, GR TI Tuberculosis skin test conversion rates evaluated at an overseas military hospital SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB As a result of a perceived increase in purified protein derivative skin test converters, purified protein derivative skin testing of hospital staff and epidemiological evaluation were undertaken. A possible common source of tuberculosis exposure was identified and evaluated. This patient was skin test positive but never provided prophylactic treatment in Spain, and normal case management procedures failed. The Andalusia region, where the naval base is located, has a reported rate of about 15 new tuberculosis cases per 100,000 persons per year, whereas the rate for the entire country of Spain is 22 per 100,000 persons. More than half of the new cases of tuberculosis reported in Spain come from this region. As a result of this work, improved personal prevention programs were instituted and hospital and base orientation regarding the unique risk of tuberculosis in this region was improved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med Director, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Orndorff, GR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med Director, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500011 PM 11977884 ER PT J AU Hood, MN Ho, VB Corse, WR AF Hood, MN Ho, VB Corse, WR TI Three-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography: A useful clinical adjunct to gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional renal magnetic resonance angiography? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; HOLD MR-ANGIOGRAPHY; ARTERY STENOSIS; BREATH-HOLD; ABDOMINAL-AORTA; CT ANGIOGRAPHY; ARTERIOGRAPHY; EXPERIENCE; SEQUENCES; FAILURE AB Objective: To assess the value of three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) after gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced 3D MRA for renal artery imaging. Methods: Twenty-one patients with suspected renal artery hypertension were reviewed. All studies included Gd-enhanced 3D MRA and 3D PC MRA. Blinded interpretation of the images was performed for each technique independently and in combination. Conventional X-ray angiography was used for diagnostic correlation when available. Results: Renal artery stenosis was present in 7 (16.3%) of 43 renal arteries, confirmed by X-ray angiography. MRA images demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity for Gd-enhanced 3D MRA and 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity for 3D PC MRA. All vessels were diagnosed correctly when both image sets were viewed. Conclusion: 3D PC MRA can improve the specificity of renal MRA by decreasing the number of false-positive Gd-enhanced 3D MRA interpretations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Hood, MN (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500015 PM 11977888 ER PT J AU Fabian, AC Celotti, A Blundell, KM Kassim, NE Perley, RA AF Fabian, AC Celotti, A Blundell, KM Kassim, NE Perley, RA TI The properties of the X-ray holes in the intracluster medium of the Perseus cluster SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : Perseus; cooling flows; galaxies : individual : NGC 1275; X-rays : galaxies ID EMITTING GAS; NGC-1275; CORE AB High-resolution X-ray and low-frequency radio imaging now allow us to examine in detail the interaction and physical properties of the radio source 3C 84 and the surrounding thermal gas. The radiative and dynamical properties of the inner X-ray holes, which coincide with the radio lobes, indicate that the ratio of the energy factor k to the filling factor f is in the range 180 < k/f < 500. We define k to be the ratio of the total particle energy to that of the electrons radiating above a fiducial frequency of 10 MHz. The relativistic plasma and magnetic field are not in equipartition, since the field must be a factor of 4 or more lower than required for pressure balance. Unexpected steep-spectrum spurs in the low-frequency radio maps point to outer X-ray holes, which are plausibly buoyant old radio lobes. The evidence that the inner lobes are currently expanding subsonically, yet have not detached due to buoyancy, and the requirement that the synchrotron cooling time must exceed the age of the hole enable us to constrain the jet power of the nucleus to between 10(44) and 10(45) erg s(-1), depending on the filling factor of the relativistic plasma. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Fabian, AC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NR 10 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 331 IS 2 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05182.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 542FE UT WOS:000175032200011 ER PT J AU Langland, RH Shapiro, MA Gelaro, R AF Langland, RH Shapiro, MA Gelaro, R TI Initial condition sensitivity and error growth in forecasts of the 25 January 2000 east coast snowstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; FASTEX AB Short- and medium-range (24-96-h) forecasts of the January 2000 U. S. east coast cyclone and associated snowstorm are examined using the U. S. Navy global forecast model and adjoint system. Attention is given to errors on the synoptic scale, including forecast position and central pressure of the cyclone at the verification time of 1200 UTC 25 January 2000. There is a substantial loss of predictive skill in the 72- and 96-h forecasts, while the 24- and 48-h forecasts capture the synoptic-scale features of the cyclone development with moderate errors. Sensitivity information from the adjoint model suggests that the initial conditions for the 72- h forecast starting at 1200 UTC 22 January 2000 contained relatively small, but critical, errors in upper-air wind and temperature over a large upstream area, including part of the eastern Pacific and "well observed'' areas of western and central North America. The rapid growth of these initial errors in a highly unstable flow regime (large singular-vector growth factors) is the most likely cause of the large errors that developed in operational short- and medium-range forecasts of the snowstorm. The large extent of the upstream sensitive area in this case would appear to make "targeting'' a small set of new observations an impractical method to improve forecast skill. A diagnostic correction (derived from adjoint sensitivity information) of a part of the initial condition error in the 72- h forecast reduces the forecast error norm by 75% and improves a 1860-km error in cyclone position to a 105-km error. This demonstrates that the model is capable of making a skillful forecast starting from an initial state that is plausible and not far from the original initial conditions. It is also shown that forecast errors in this case propagate at speeds that are greater than those of the synoptic-scale trough and ridge features of the cyclone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 23 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 957 EP 974 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0957:ICSAEG>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 527WQ UT WOS:000174211300011 ER PT J AU Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Moore, SW Kliner, DAV AF Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Moore, SW Kliner, DAV TI Diffraction-limited, 300-kW peak-power pulses from a coiled multimode fiber amplifier SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER; SINGLE-TRANSVERSE-MODE; HIGH-ENERGY; LASER; OPERATION; OUTPUT AB We report a multimode, double-clad, Yb-doped fiber amplifier that produces diffraction-limited, 0.8-ns pulses with energies of 255 muJ and peak powers in excess of 300 kW at a repetition rate of similar to8 kHz. Single-transverse-mode operation was obtained by bend-loss-induced mode filtering of the gain fiber. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Di Teodoro, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 7 BP 518 EP 520 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 536HL UT WOS:000174694600018 ER PT J AU Savarino, SJ Hall, ER Bassily, S Wierzba, TF Youssef, FG Peruski, LF Abu-Elyazeed, R Rao, M Francis, WM El Mohamady, H Safwat, M Naficy, AB Svennerholm, AM Jertborn, M Lee, YJ Clemens, JD AF Savarino, SJ Hall, ER Bassily, S Wierzba, TF Youssef, FG Peruski, LF Abu-Elyazeed, R Rao, M Francis, WM El Mohamady, H Safwat, M Naficy, AB Svennerholm, AM Jertborn, M Lee, YJ Clemens, JD CA Pride Study Grp TI Introductory evaluation of an oral, killed whole cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Egyptian infants SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli infections/diarrhea/prevention and control; bacterial vaccines/safety and immunogenicity; cholera toxin/immunology; human/infant; developing countries; clinical trials; double blind method; random allocation ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COLONIZATION FACTORS; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RURAL BANGLADESH; DIARRHEA; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; RESPONSES; SAFETY; ADULTS AB Background. We conducted the first trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an oral, killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B-subunit vaccine in children <2 years old. Methods. Three doses of vaccine or killed E. coli K-12 control were given at 2-week intervals to 64 Egyptian infants, 6 to 18 months old, in a randomized, double blind manner. Adverse events were monitored for 3 days after each dose. Blood was collected before immunization and 7 to 10 days after each dose to assess vaccine-specific serologic responses. Results. There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in the percentage of subjects reporting the primary safety endpoint (diarrhea or vomiting) after the first (31%, vaccine; 30%, control) or third (14%, vaccine; 18%, control) dose, whereas there was a trend toward greater reporting in the vaccine group after Dose 2 (36%, vaccine; 18%, control; P = 0.052). The percentage of children showing IgA seroconversion after any dose was higher in the vaccine than the control group for recombinant cholera toxin B-subunit (97% vs. 46%), colonization factor antigen 1 (61% vs. 18%) and coli surface antigen 4 (39% vs. 4%) (P < 0.001 for each comparison). IgG seroconversion rates in the vaccine and control groups were 97 and 21% to recombinant cholera toxin B-subunit (P < 0.001), 64 and 29% for colonization factor antigen I (P < 0.01), 53 and 21% for coli surface antigen 2 (P < 0.05) and 58 and 4% for coli surface antigen 4 (P < 0.001), respectively. The third vaccine dose was followed by augmented IgG antitoxin titers. Conclusion. The oral enterotoxigenic E. coli vaccine was safe and immunogenic in this setting in Egyptian infants. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Minist Hlth & Populat, Al Qalyubiyah Governorate, Banha, Egypt. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 35 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1097/00006454-200204000-00012 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 544GU UT WOS:000175150500011 PM 12075764 ER PT J AU Reznik, VM Sidelinger, D Blaschke, G Silva, F Hurst, S Zuniga, M Anders, B Nader, P AF Reznik, VM Sidelinger, D Blaschke, G Silva, F Hurst, S Zuniga, M Anders, B Nader, P TI Cultural immersion days for pediatric residents - Lessons learned from exploring diverse cultures in San Diego SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 457 BP 78A EP 78A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600458 ER PT J AU Sidelinger, D Blaschke, G Graff, N Kuelbs, C Vitale, P Silva, F Reznik, V AF Sidelinger, D Blaschke, G Graff, N Kuelbs, C Vitale, P Silva, F Reznik, V TI Training for pediatric residents to prevent, recognize and intervene in family violence SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 483 BP 83A EP 83A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600484 ER PT J AU Zuniga, ML Sidelinger, D Nader, PR Reznik, VM Blaschke, G Arnold, L Silva, F Herzog, K AF Zuniga, ML Sidelinger, D Nader, PR Reznik, VM Blaschke, G Arnold, L Silva, F Herzog, K TI A community-based block rotation: Pediatric resident self-assessment of community pediatric skills SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 487 BP 83A EP 83A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600488 ER PT J AU Shipley, AA Gallicano, J Andersen, KA Blaschke, GS AF Shipley, AA Gallicano, J Andersen, KA Blaschke, GS TI Kids-n-Kritters: Education and health promotion within the San Diego community SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1291 BP 222A EP 222A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601290 ER PT J AU Tischler, JG Gammon, D Bracker, AS AF Tischler, JG Gammon, D Bracker, AS TI Single exciton magneto-photoluminescence in GaAs quantum wells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pan-American-Advanced-Studies-Institute on Physics and Technology at the Nanometer Scale CY JUN 25-JUL 03, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SP Pan Amer Adv Studies Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Res, US DOE ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present the fine structure and Zeeman splitting of excitons localized in narrow GaAs quantum wells by interface roughness. We report an anomalous exciton identified by its intriguing magneto-optical characteristics as a function of field strength and orientation. In the Voigt geometry, the anomalous exciton g-factors are 5 to 10 times larger than those for a normal exciton in this quantum dot system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tischler, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 230 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200204)230:2<315::AID-PSSB315>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 546MR UT WOS:000175278300007 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Vaid, D Grum-Grzhimailo, AN Madison, DH Blaha, M Giuliani, JL AF Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Vaid, D Grum-Grzhimailo, AN Madison, DH Blaha, M Giuliani, JL TI Electron-impact excitation from the (4p(5)5s) metastable states of krypton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; ARGON; TEMPERATURES; PLASMAS AB Theoretical results from multistate semirelativistic Breit-Pauli R-matrix calculations and two first-order distorted-wave calculations are presented for electron-impact excitation of krypton from the (4p(5)5s) J=0,2 metastable states to the (4p(5)5s) and (4p(5)5p) manifolds. Except for a few cases, in which the method to account for relativistic effects becomes surprisingly critical, fair overall agreement between the predictions from the various theoretical models is achieved for intermediate and high energies. However, significant discrepancies remain with the few available experimental data. C1 USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Grum-Grzhimailo, Alexei/D-6274-2012; Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 AR 042724 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.042724 PN A PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 541HF UT WOS:000174978600091 ER PT J AU Gotsis, HJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Gotsis, HJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Tight-binding calculations of the band structure and total energies of the various phases of magnesium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HCP METALS; HARTREE-FOCK; NOBLE-METALS; SURFACE; DENSITY; POTENTIALS; TRANSITION; MG(0001); MG AB Tight-binding calculations for Mg in a variety of crystal structures are reported using the nonorthogonal tight-binding model with parameters selected to fit accurately first-principles results. These parameters correctly predict hcp to be the stable crystal structure. We have calculated electronic properties (band structure and density of states), elastic constants, phonon frequencies at high-symmetry points, surface energies, surface electronic structure, stacking fault energies, the energy of a small cubic cluster, and finally, dynamical properties. We find good agreement with previous calculations and experiment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gotsis, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 13 AR 134101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.134101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 539ZR UT WOS:000174903900046 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Marcelli, A Cibin, G Yalovega, G Sevastyanova, T Soldatov, AV AF Mansour, AN Marcelli, A Cibin, G Yalovega, G Sevastyanova, T Soldatov, AV TI Amorphous Al90FexCe10-x alloys: X-ray absorption analysis of the Al, Fe and Ce local atomic and electronic structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; METALLIC GLASSES; SHORT-RANGE; EDGE STRUCTURE; ALUMINUM; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; ORDER; FILMS; XAFS AB X-ray-absorption fine structure (XAFS) above the Fe K edge, the Ce L-3 edge, and the Al K edge in amorphous Al90FexCe10-x (x=3, 5, and 7) alloys have been measured and analyzed. Quantitative analyses of the Fe K-edge and Ce L-3-edge extended XAFS spectra are limited to local structure parameters of the first coordination sphere. Comparison of experimental x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra with theoretical multiple-scattering (MS) XANES spectra for model compounds, such as crystalline FeAl6 and CeAl4, allows one to determine the local structure around the aluminum, iron, and Ce sites in ternary amorphous alloys. Using the theoretical MS approach, we show that the Fe and Al K-edge XANES are sensitive to the structure of coordination spheres, which extend up to nearly 4.4 and 3.3 Angstrom, respectively. The Ce L-3-edge XANES, on the other hand, is sensitive to the structure that extends up to 3.15 Angstrom. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Rostov State Univ, Fac Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 644,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Soldatov, Alexander/E-9323-2012; Yalovega, Galina/N-4544-2013; Cibin, Giannantonio/G-2809-2015 OI Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546; Cibin, Giannantonio/0000-0001-5761-6760 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 13 AR 134207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.134207 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 539ZR UT WOS:000174903900068 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Murphy, DP Meger, RA AF Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Murphy, DP Meger, RA TI Time-resolved ion flux measurements in pulsed, electron-beam-generated plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; POWER; BREAKDOWN; OXYGEN AB Time-resolved ion flux and energy distributions were measured at an electrode located adjacent to pulsed, electron-beam-generated plasmas in argon and oxygen. Temporal variations in the incident Ar+, O+, and O-2(+) energy and flux were correlated to changes in the electron temperature and plasma density. The decay time of the oxygen plasma is found to be shorter than that of the argon plasma, which is understood by considering the different loss mechanisms of each ion species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sgwalton@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 AR 046412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046412 PN 2B PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 544FB UT WOS:000175146600022 PM 12006028 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P TI Raman sidescatter in numerical models of short pulse laser plasma interactions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TENUOUS PLASMAS; SCATTERING; ACCELERATOR; INTENSE; WAVES AB Certain reduced models of a plasma are subject to a phenomenon known as the ultraviolet catastrophe, whereby the Raman growth rate diverges with increasing transverse wave number. Numerical solutions that make use of such models cannot account for large angle scattering. Several of these models are evaluated in terms of their ability to reproduce the growth rates given by the two-dimensional Raman dispersion relation. The quasistatic approximation causes a much more severe ultraviolet catastrophe than does the paraxial approximation alone. Removal of the quasistatic approximation eliminates the ultraviolet catastrophe provided nonparaxial terms are retained. Fully explicit particle-in-cell simulations show that large angle scattering leads to a fine structure which perturbs the pump wave and heats the plasma. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1163 DI 10.1063/1.1453472 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 533FW UT WOS:000174519600014 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Sokolov, IV Esaulov, AA AF Velikovich, AL Sokolov, IV Esaulov, AA TI Perfectly conducting incompressible fluid model of a wire array implosion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH LOADS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; X-RAY POWER; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; IDEAL FLUID; PLASMA; GENERATORS; FLOW AB An incompressible perfectly conducting magnetohydrodynamic model is applied to describe a multiwire array implosion on the (r,theta) plane using the theory of analytic functions. The plasma columns emerging from the electrical explosion of individual wires move and change the shape of their cross section in the magnetic field produced by the currents flowing on the surfaces of the columns and closing through a cylindrical return current can. Geometry of both the "global" and "private" magnetic fields and self-consistent distributions of the electric currents on the conducting surfaces are determined for any wire array configuration including nested wire arrays, wires close to the return current can, etc. The coupled equations of motion and magnetostatics for an essentially two-dimensional problem are reduced to one-dimensional parametric governing equations, written for the boundary of the fluid contours. The implosion dynamics is shown to be driven by a competition between the implosion pressure, making the array converge to the axis as a set of individual plasma columns, and the tidal pressure that makes the wires merge, forming an annular conducting shell. Their relative roles are determined by the gap-to-diameter ratio piR(c)(t)/NRw(t). If this ratio is large at early time, then the array implodes as a set of individual plasma columns. Otherwise, when the ratio is about pi or less, the tidal forces prevail, and the plasma columns tend to form a shell-like configuration before they start converging to the axis of the array. The model does not allow the precursor plasma streams to be ejected from the wires to the axis, indicating that this process is governed by the finite plasma conductivity and could only be described with a proper conductivity model. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Toyama Univ, Toyama 9308555, Japan. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013 OI Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1366 EP 1380 DI 10.1063/1.1452104 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 533FW UT WOS:000174519600038 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RF Hafizi, B Ting, A Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Zigler, A AF Hubbard, RF Hafizi, B Ting, A Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Zigler, A TI High intensity focusing of laser pulses using a short plasma channel lens SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; TENUOUS PLASMAS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; PREFORMED PLASMA; WAVE-GUIDE; PROPAGATION; RADIATION; BEAMS AB Plasma channels have been used to guide intense laser pulses over distances of many Rayleigh lengths. This paper investigates the possibility of using a short plasma channel to provide focusing or control of the spot size of a laser pulse at intensities far above the usual damage limits of conventional optical elements. Analytical models for the focal length and focused spot size of a single plasma channel lens and a nonconverging laser pulse are presented, and results are compared with the two-dimensional simulation code LEM [J. Krall , Phys. Rev. E 48, 2157 (1993)]. Several advanced thin lens configurations, including multiple lens transport systems, and both focusing and defocusing lenses for externally focused converging laser pulses are also analyzed. Experimental techniques for producing appropriate plasma profiles are reviewed, and evidence for plasma channel focusing in a capillary discharge guiding experiment is analyzed. Thick "overmoded" lenses offer a possible alternative if there are experimental difficulties in producing sufficiently thin plasma channels. A variety of potential applications exist for the various proposed lens configurations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1431 EP 1442 DI 10.1063/1.1459711 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 533FW UT WOS:000174519600045 ER PT J AU Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM AF Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM TI Synthesis and characterization of a silarylene-siloxane-diacetylene polymer and its conversion to a thermosetting plastic SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE siloxane; thermoset; high temperature ID DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-STABILITY; COPOLYMERS; ELASTOMERS; VINYL AB The synthesis and characterization of a linear silarylene-siloxane-diacetylene polymer 1 and its conversion to a highly cross-linked thermoset 4 are discussed. The linear polymer was prepared via polycondensation of 1,4-bis(dimethylaminodimethylsilyl)butadiyne, [(CH3)(2)N-Si(CH3)(2)-C=C-C=C-(CH3)(2)SiN(CH3)(2)], 2 with 1,4-bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene 3. Conversion to a thermoset 4 occurs through the diacetylene groups above 300 degreesC. The thermoset was observed to exhibit long-term thereto-oxidative stability up to 350 degreesC in air as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD APR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2619 EP 2623 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00068-X DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00068-X PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 535EE UT WOS:000174631600004 ER PT J AU Brown, RT Sammons, MT AF Brown, RT Sammons, MT TI Pediatric psychopharmacology: A review of new developments and recent research SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; DOUBLE-BLIND; ANXIETY DISORDERS; ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS; STIMULANT MEDICATION; MULTIMODAL TREATMENT AB dAdvances in psychopharmacology have revolutionalized the management of emotional and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. Recent developments in pediatric psychopharmacology and the prevalence of pharmacotherapy for various psychological disorders in children are examined, and clinical updates for classes of psychotropics are provided. Issues including monitoring and assessing drug effects, acceptability and satisfaction, and the social, political, and cultural issues surrounding the use of psychotropics in children are discussed. The authors conclude that the current clinical use of psychotropics in children exceeds extant efficacy and safety data. The involvement of practicing psychologists in pediatric psychopharmacology and the need for a firm empirical foundation for pediatric psychopharmacology are also discussed. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Hlth Profess, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. USN, Med Clin, Dept Mental Hlth, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Brown, RT (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Hlth Profess, Dept Pediat, 19 Hagood Ave,Suite 910, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 134 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD APR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.33.2.135 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 533BU UT WOS:000174510200003 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD AF Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD TI Maslov's method for stationary hydrostatic mountain waves SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE caustics; gravity waves; ray tracing ID OROGRAPHIC GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; FLOWS; SHEAR; MESOSPHERE; HEIGHT; REACH; BACK AB The ray solution for stationary hydrostatic mountain waves has a singularity along the vertical axis directly over the mountain. We use Maslov's method to improve the ray prediction. The ray solution is determined in the wave-number domain and is then mapped by inverse Fourier transform to give a spatial description of the wave field that approximates the linear solution over the mountain and elsewhere. We develop Maslov's method for a medium with a height-dependent mean wind and mean buoyancy, and we compare it with the traditional transform method and with the results of a numerical simulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 582 BP 1159 EP 1171 DI 10.1256/003590002320373247 PN B PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564XR UT WOS:000176339300006 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Wright, W Krabill, WB Swift, RN AF Hwang, PA Wright, W Krabill, WB Swift, RN TI Airborne remote sensing of breaking waves SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID OCEAN SURFACE-WAVES; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; LASER ALTIMETRY; NUMBER SPECTRA AB Airborne scanning laser ranging provides rapid measurements of the ocean wave topography. In addition to active ranging, the scanning optics can obtain passive measurements of the surface emissivity, yielding a digital image of the surface brightness. The brightness data contain information on the statistics and spatial distribution of whitecaps. Combining active measurements of the 3D surface topography and passive brightness data, the phase distribution of breaking events along a wave profile can be examined. From the phase distribution analysis, it is found that in deep water, the whitecap coverage in the windward phase is slightly higher than that in the leeward phase (51 +/- 17% vs. 49 +/- 14%), and more whitecaps are found on the crests than in the troughs (57 +/- 13% vs. 44 +/- 16%). Such quantitative information on wave breaking and whitecap coverage is important to remote sensing applications and air-sea interaction studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NASA, GFSC, WFF, Wallops Isl, VA USA. EG&G, Wallops Isl, VA USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 AR PII S0034-4257(01)00285-1 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00285-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 534HN UT WOS:000174579200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Spin injection in metals and semiconductors SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; POLARIZED TRANSPORT; QUANTUM-WELLS; FERROMAGNET; INTERFACE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RESONANCE; CONTACTS; CHARGE AB The propagation of spin-polarized currents from a magnetic to a nonmagnetic material is fundamental to spintronics and, furthermore, has become a topic of great interest for basic research. The techniques of electrical spin injection and detection in bulk metals and thin metal films are reviewed, along with recent studies of spin injection between a ferromagnetic metal and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Electric current crossing the interface between a ferromagnet (F) and nonmagnetic metal (N) is also a current of magnetization, J(M), and provides a source for spin diffusion in N. When the spin relaxation rate 1/T-2 in N is relatively slow, a nonequilibrium population of polarized spins accumulates in a region characterized by the interfacial area and the spin diffusion length 6, The spin accumulation, equivalently called nonequilibrium magnetization M. can be detected by application of a transverse external magnetic field which causes a Hanle effect. Spin-orbit effects are the dominant spin relaxation mechanism in nonmagnetic metals. In a noncentrosymmetric 2DEG, unusual spin-orbit effects cause a spin splitting of the electron energy band. A bias current applied to such a 2DEG can generate nonequilibrium spin magnetization, which can be detected by a ferromagnetic electrode. Preliminary experiments on the injection and detection of spin polarized current at a F-2DEG are relevant to the realization of a spin injected field effect transistor (FET). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 298 EP 309 AR PII S0268-1242(02)32184-9 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/17/4/303 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 550PN UT WOS:000175511600004 ER PT J AU Battou, A Marsh, S Khan, B Mountcastle, S Talmadge, D Lee, DC AF Battou, A Marsh, S Khan, B Mountcastle, S Talmadge, D Lee, DC TI SEAN for Modeling and simulating ATM signaling SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE network signaling protocol; object-orientation; framework; simulators AB SEAN (signaling entity for ATM networks) is freely distributed, object-oriented, extensible software for research and development in host ATM signaling. SEAN software is object-oriented and can be used for simulation, experimentation, and operation. SEAN includes a complete source-level release of the host native ATM protocol stack and implements the ATM User Network Interface, compliant to the ITU Q.2931 specification for point-to-point calls, the ITU Q.2971 extension for point-to-multipoint calls, and the ATM Forum extension UNI-4.0 for leaf-initiated join calls, SEAN also includes software that models and simulates an ATM switch with an arbitrary number of ports performing the signaling functions. SEAN provides APIs to the programmers writing application programs that require ATM signaling. Developers can easily modify and extend SEAN, using the framework library released together. C1 FirstWave Intelligent Opt Network, Greenbelt, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Adv Technol Grp,Adv Engn & Sci,ITT Ind, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Battou, A (reprint author), FirstWave Intelligent Opt Network, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD APR PY 2002 VL 78 IS 4 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1177/0037549702078004541 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 587ZC UT WOS:000177673400003 ER PT J AU Drago, FC Landi, E AF Drago, FC Landi, E TI The prominence-corona and the filament-corona transition region: Is there any difference? SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; QUIET SUN; SOHO; TELESCOPE; SOLAR AB The ratio between the Extreme Ultraviolet emission of the prominence-corona transition region and that of the quiet Sun (QS) transition region is measured using observations from the CDS and SUMER instruments on board the SOHO Satellite. These results are compared with those obtained in an earlier paper, analysing the same prominence as a filament on the disk. Theoretical models predict a difference in the emission of the prominence-corona transition region when it is observed at the limb and on the disk as a filament; the aim of the present work is to provide an observational check of this difference. SUMER and CDS data provide fairly good agreement if the prominence intensity measured by SUMER is compared with the average quiet-Sun intensity, measured near the disk center; the prominence intensity relative to the average quiet-Sun level measured on the same rasters results in disagreement with CDS, due to the smaller size of the disk portion and to the very strong limb brightening present in SUMER rasters. The relative prominence to quiet-Sun intensity ratio varies from 0.2 to 0.4, depending on the line formation temperature. This value leads to a discrepancy with the results obtained in a previous study when the same prominence was observed as a filament. This discrepancy indicates that the prominence-corona transition region emission is different when emitted by different sides of the prominence. C1 Univ Florence, Dept Astron & Space Sci, I-50125 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Florence, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM fdrago@arcetri.astro.it RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 206 IS 2 BP 315 EP 332 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 540MY UT WOS:000174933800008 ER PT J AU Brizzolara, RA AF Brizzolara, RA TI Adsorption of alginic acid to titanium investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE alginic acid; titanium; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy; biofilm ID SURFACES; XPS; THICKNESS AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize the adsorption of alginic acid to titanium as a function of alginic acid solution pH. It was found that alginic acid adsorbs in greater quantity at acidic pH than at basic pH. The results provide evidence for an anion-exchange adsorption mechanism at weakly acidic pH. Addition of calcium chloride to the alginic acid solution results in a reduction of alginic acid adsorption at acidic pH and an increase at basic pH. This behavior can be explained by inhibition of anion exchange by the calcium cation at acidic pH and mediation of a bond between alginic acid and the titanium surface at basic pH. Elucidation of the adsorption chemistry of biofilm components to the surfaces of engineering materials is a prerequisite to developing surface modification strategies to reduce biofouling adhesion. Data presented herein can be used in the future as a baseline for comparison with data for such modified surfaces. Published in 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brizzolara, RA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 645,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD APR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1002/sia.1195 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 541JT UT WOS:000174982000010 ER PT J AU Wells, BO Yusof, Z Valla, T Fedorov, AV Johnson, P Kendziora, C Jian, S Hinks, D AF Wells, BO Yusof, Z Valla, T Fedorov, AV Johnson, P Kendziora, C Jian, S Hinks, D TI ARPES evidence for a quasiparticle liquid in overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID PHOTOEMISSION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SURFACE; STATE AB High resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of highly overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with T-c = 51 K indicates that the basic transport processes in this material are fundamentally different from both the lesser-doped cuprates and model metallic compounds. The overdoped sample has sharp ARPES peaks at the Fermi energy throughout the Brillouin zone even in the normal state, unlike the lesser-doped compounds. In particular, the spectra near the (pi, 0) point show the presence of a sharp peak well above T-c. The ARPES line shapes, and thus the self-energy, at a given energy are almost independent of k. Further, the quasiparticle scattering rate at the Fermi energy seems to be closely tied to direct resistivity measurements. This leads us to the conclusion that overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is best described as a quasiparticle liquid. However, the energy dependence of the scattering rates is quite similar to that found in the lesser-doped compounds and quite different from that seen in a typical metal. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wells, BO (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 1091 EP 1096 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02003391 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 595LC UT WOS:000178109900067 ER PT J AU Kurmaev, EZ Lyakhovskaya, II Kortus, J Demeter, M Neumann, M Imazono, T Miyata, N Yanagihara, M Watanabe, M Muranaka, T Akimitsu, J AF Kurmaev, EZ Lyakhovskaya, II Kortus, J Demeter, M Neumann, M Imazono, T Miyata, N Yanagihara, M Watanabe, M Muranaka, T Akimitsu, J TI X-ray emission and absorption spectra and electronic structure of MgB2 SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY AB Measurements of X-ray emission and absorption of the constituents of MgB2 are presented. The results obtained are in good agreement with calculated X-ray spectra, with dipole matrix elements taken into account. The comparison of X-ray emission spectra of graphite, AlB2, and MgB2 in the binding energy scale supports the idea of charge transfer from sigma to pi bands, which creates holes at the top of the bonding sigma bands and drives the high-T-c superconductivity in MgB2. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Sekt Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Sci Measurements Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. RP Kurmaev, EZ (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 1097 EP 1102 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02003408 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 595LC UT WOS:000178109900068 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Naval warfare, 1815-1914. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1353/tech.2002.0073 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 568TN UT WOS:000176560000046 ER PT J AU Schneller, RJ AF Schneller, RJ TI The US Navy and the origins of the military-industrial complex, 1847-1883. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schneller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 458 EP 460 DI 10.1353/tech.2002.0084 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 568TN UT WOS:000176560000047 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, S Muraleedharan, KM Bharadwaj, P Chatterji, D Karle, I AF Ranganathan, S Muraleedharan, KM Bharadwaj, P Chatterji, D Karle, I TI The design and synthesis of redox core-alpha amino acid composites based on thiol-disulfide exchange mechanism and a comparative study of their zinc abstraction potential from [CCXX] boxes in proteins SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE thiol-disulfide exchange; RNA polymerase; dithiobisbenzamides; benzisothiazolones ID HIV-1 NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; RNA-POLYMERASE; DNA RECOGNITION; FINGER; PEPTIDES; BINDING; INHIBITORS; EJECTION; TEMPLATE; SITE AB The design and synthesis of agents that can abstract zinc from their [CCXX] (C=cysteine; X=cysteine/histidine) boxes by thioldisulfide exchange-having as control, the redox parities of the core sulfur ligands of the reagent and the enzyme, has been illustrated, and their efficiency demonstrated by monitoring the inhibition of the transcription of calf thymus DNA by E. coli RNA polymerase, which harbors two zinc atoms in their [CCXX] boxes of which one is exchangeable. Maximum inhibition possible with removal of the exchangeable zinc was seen with redox-sulfanilamide-glutamate composite. In sharp contrast, normal chelating agents (EDTA, phenanthroline) even in a thousand fold excess showed only marginal inhibition, thus supporting an exchange mechanism for the metal removal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Ranganathan, Srinivasa/F-9187-2013; OI Chatterji, Dipankar/0000-0002-9985-0632 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 14 BP 2861 EP 2874 AR PII S0040-4020(02)00159-X DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00159-X PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 542VN UT WOS:000175065100017 ER PT J AU Pauley, PM AF Pauley, PM TI Telling north from south: An example of an error in automated aircraft data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; WIND C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pauley, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 334 EP 336 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<0334:TNFSAE>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 532VP UT WOS:000174496000010 ER PT J AU Golynsky, AV Morris, P Kovacs, LC Ferris, JK AF Golynsky, AV Morris, P Kovacs, LC Ferris, JK TI A new magnetic map of the Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Geophys Union DE Weddell Sea; Antarctic Peninsula; magnetic anomaly map; interpretation ID DRONNING MAUD LAND; AEROMAGNETIC ANOMALIES AB As part of the Antarctic Digital Magnetic Mapping Project (ADMAP) workers from VNIIOkeangeologia (Russia), the British Antarctic Survey (UK) and the Naval Research Laboratory (USA) have brought together almost all of the available magnetic data in the area 0-120degreesW, 60-90degreesS. The final map covers the whole Weddell Sea and adjacent land areas, the Antarctic Peninsula and the seas to the west, an area comparable in size with that of the USA. This paper describes the methods used during the compilation of the map and reviews briefly some of the main features shown on it. Distinct magnetic provinces are associated with Precambrian rocks of the East Antarctic craton, highly extended continental crust in the Weddell Sea embayment, the arc batholith of the Antarctic Peninsula, and oceanic crust of the northern Weddell Sea, which was created as a direct consequence of South America-Antarctica plate motion and oceanic crust generated at the Pacific-Antarctic ridge. The magnetic anomaly map thus provides an overview of the fragmentation of south-western Gondwana and the tectonic development of the Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 All Russian Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Wor, VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golynsky, AV (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Wor, VNIIOkeangeol, 1 Angliysky Ave, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 29 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 11 AR PII S0040-1951(01)00234-7 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00234-7 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 560ZQ UT WOS:000176111600002 ER PT J AU Kovacs, LC Morris, P Brozena, J Tikku, A AF Kovacs, LC Morris, P Brozena, J Tikku, A TI Seafloor spreading in the Weddell Sea from magnetic and gravity data SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Geophys Union DE Gondwana break-ups; marine magnetic anomalies; gravity anomalies; plate tectonics ID ZONE AFRICAN PLATE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; WEST ANTARCTICA; INDIAN-OCEAN; GONDWANALAND; ATLANTIC; BASIN; RECONSTRUCTION; CONSTRAINTS; EMBAYMENT AB A re-compilation of magnetic data in the Weddell Sea is presented and compared with the gravity field recently derived from retracked satellite altimetry. The previously informally named 'Anomaly-T,' an cast-west trending linear positive magnetic and gravity anomaly lying at about 69degreesS, forms the southern boundary of the well-known Weddell Sea gravity herringbone. North of Anomaly-T, three major E-W linear magnetic lows are shown, and identified with anomalies cl2r, c21-29(r) and c33r. On the basis of these, and following work by recent investigators, isochrons c13, 08, c20, c21, c30, c33 and c34 are identified and extended into the western Weddell Sea. Similarly, a linear magnetic low lying along the spine of the herringbone is shown and provisionally dated at 93-96 Ma. Anomaly-T is tentatively dated to be M5n, in agreement with recent tectonic models. Although current tectonic models are generally in good agreement to the north of T, to the south interpretations differ. Some plate tectonic models have only proposed essentially north-south spreading in the region, whilst others have suggested that a period of predominantly east-west motion (relative to present Antarctic geographic coordinates) occurred during the mid-Mesozoic spreading between East and West Gondwana. We identify an area immediately to the south of T which appears to be the southerly extent of N-S spreading in the herringbone. Following recent work, the extreme southerly extent of the N-S directed spreading of the herringbone is provisionally dated M9r/M10. In the oldest Weddell Sea, immediately to the north and east of the Antarctic shelf, we see subtle features in both the magnetic and gravity data that are consistent with predominantly N-S spreading in the Weddell Sea during the earliest opening of East and West Gondwana. In between, however, in a small region extending approximately from about 50 km south of T to about 70degreesS and from approximately 40degrees to 53degreesW, the magnetic and gravity data appear to suggest well-correlated linear marine magnetic anomalies (possible isochrons) perpendicular to T, bounded and offset by less well-defined steps and linear lows in the gravity (possible fracture zones). These magnetic and gravity data southwest of T suggest that the crust here may record an E-W spreading episode between the two-plate system of East and West Gondwana prior to the initiation of the three-plate spreading system of South America, Africa and Antarctica. The E-W spreading record to the east of about 35degreesW would then appear to have been cut off at about M10 time during the establishment of N-S three-plate spreading along the South American-Antarctic Ridge and then subducted under the Scotia Ridge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. British Antarctic Survey, Geosci Div, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kovacs, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 29 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 64 AR PII S0040-1951(01)00237-2 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00237-2 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 560ZQ UT WOS:000176111600005 ER PT J AU Tikku, AA Marks, KM Kovacs, LC AF Tikku, AA Marks, KM Kovacs, LC TI An Early Cretaceous extinct spreading center in the northern Natal valley SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Geophys Union DE Natal valley; Africa; Antarctica; Mozambique; Mozambique ridge; Dronning Maud land; Gondwana; mesozoic; reconstructions; finite rotations ID MESOZOIC MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; DRONNING-MAUD-LAND; EAST-AFRICAN RIFT; INDIAN-OCEAN; MOZAMBIQUE RIDGE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SOMALI BASIN; ANTARCTICA; MADAGASCAR; RECONSTRUCTIONS AB We have identified an extinct E-W spreading center in the northern Natal valley on the basis of magnetic anomalies which was active from chron M11 ( similar to 133 Ma) to similar to 125.3 Ma, just before chron M2 ( similar to 124 Ma) in the Early Cretaceous. Seafloor spreading in the northern Natal valley accounts for approximately 170 km of north-south motion between the Mozambique Ridge and Africa. This extension resolves the predicted overlap of the continental (central and southern) Mozambique Ridge and Antarctica in the chron M2 to M I I reconstructions from Mesozoic finite rotation parameters for Africa and Antarctica. In addition, the magnetic data reveal that the Mozambique Ridge was an independent microplate from at least 133 to 125 Ma. The northern Natal valley extinct spreading center connects to the spreading center separating the Mozambique Basin and the RiiserLarsen Sea to the east. It follows that the northern Mozambique Ridge was either formed after the emplacement of the surrounding oceanic crust or it is the product of a very robust spreading center. To the west the extinct spreading center connects to the spreading center separating the southern Natal valley and Georgia Basin via a transform fault. Prior to chron M11, there is still a problem with the overlap of Mozambique Ridge if it is assumed to be fixed with respect to either the African or Antarctic plates. Some of the overlap can be accounted for by Jurassic deformation of the Mozambique Ridge, Mozambique Basin, and Dronning Maud land. It appears though that the Mozambique Ridge was an independent microplate from the breakup of Gondwana, similar to 160 Ma, until it became part of the African plate, similar to 125 Ma. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tikku, AA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 108 Oceanog Bldg,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010 OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495 NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 29 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 1-3 BP 87 EP 108 AR PII S0040-1951(01)00239-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00239-6 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 560ZQ UT WOS:000176111600007 ER PT J AU Steinhurst, DA Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC AF Steinhurst, DA Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC TI Transient second harmonic generation from oxazine dyes at the air/water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; PICOSECOND DYNAMICS; CRESYL VIOLET; LIQUID INTERFACES; PHOTOSENSITIZATION ASPECTS; ROTATIONAL RELAXATION; SNO2 NANOCRYSTALLITES; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; EXCITED-STATE AB Ultrafast surface second harmonic generation (SHG) studies are reported for several oxazine dyes at the air/water interface. As we demonstrated previously [J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 3062] in our steady-state SHG studies of aqueous oxazine dye solutions, the SHG signals are almost entirely due to dimers. The transient SHG recovery is biexponential with time constants of 4-8 ps and 22-44 ps depending on the dye and the solution composition. The SHG recovery is one-photon resonant and is attributed to two parallel ground state recovery mechanisms. Transient absorption signals were also measured for bulk dye solutions of water and methanol, and the results indicate a fast (2 ps) solvation dynamics component as well as a longer component due to the excited state lifetime (>400 ps) of the dye monomer. Therefore, both decay times observed for the dyes at the surface are different than what is seen for bulk solution, and they resemble what has been previously reported for dye aggregates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 28 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 12 BP 3160 EP 3165 DI 10.1021/jp013360x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 534LZ UT WOS:000174589000020 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MJ Roland, CM AF Schroeder, MJ Roland, CM TI Segmental relaxation in end-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; LENGTH SCALE; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ELASTICITY; DYNAMICS; FORMERS; COOPERATIVITY; POLYMER AB End-linked polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) networks were prepared by end-linking vinyl-terminated PDMS chains with tetrafunctional silanes. Dielectric alpha-relaxation spectra, thermal expansivities, and the (rubbery) elastic modulus were measured for these materials. From the cross-link density at which marked changes occur in the segmental relaxation times and the T-alpha-scaled temperature dependence (fragility), a characteristic length for the alpha-relaxation was determined. The result, 14 Angstrom at T-alpha, is quite close to the length scale associated with constraint of crystallization in similar PDMS networks. Cross-linking also affects the thermal expansion and elastic modulus, although these properties exhibit a smoother variation with cross-link density. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 26 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2676 EP 2681 DI 10.1021/ma011678h PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 533ZF UT WOS:000174559600039 ER PT J AU Mei, T Neuzil, P Karunasiri, G Zeng, W AF Mei, T Neuzil, P Karunasiri, G Zeng, W TI Approach to measure thermal efficiency of bolometer sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IR DETECTORS; MICROBOLOMETERS; ARRAYS AB Evaluation of thermal efficiency is of great importance for verifying the design optimization of microbolometer-based sensors. In this work, a measurement technique has been developed to determine the thermal efficiency of a microbolometer without using structural and material parameters. The microbolometer thermal efficiency is obtained by measuring the responsivity under infrared illumination and responsivity for unity thermal efficiency using the self-heating effect. The thermal efficiency of a metal-film microbolometer sensor was determined using this technique to demonstrate its viability. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Inst Microelect, MEMS Grp, Singapore 117685, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Microelect, FID Dept, Singapore 117685, Singapore. RP Mei, T (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RI Neuzil, Pavel/B-9981-2012; Mei, Ting/B-2850-2008 OI Mei, Ting/0000-0001-7756-040X NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 2183 EP 2185 DI 10.1063/1.1462863 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 532WU UT WOS:000174498700047 ER PT J AU Kadner, A Viirre, E Wester, DC Walsh, SF Hestenes, J Vankov, A Pineda, JA AF Kadner, A Viirre, E Wester, DC Walsh, SF Hestenes, J Vankov, A Pineda, JA TI Lateral inhibition in the auditory cortex: An EEG index of tinnitus? SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE intensity dependence; lateral inhibition; low threshold spikes; N100; thalamocortical dysrhythmias ID PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; MODEL; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Auditory ERPs were recorded from eight tinnitus patients and 12 controls. Tone pips of 1000 and 2000 Hz, as well as the patient's tinnitus pitch (around 4000 Hz) were used. Controls received tone pips at 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Tones were presented at 30, 36, 42,48 and 54 dB/SL. The intensity dependence of the auditory N100 was calculated for each frequency in each group. Patients showed a steeper response to the tinnitus frequency than responses to the 4000 Hz tone in controls. In contrast, intensity-dependence to the 2000 Hz tones was significantly decreased in patients (two-tailed Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.05). Responses to the 1000 Hz tones were similar for both groups. This reduced intensity dependence is hypothesized to result from lateral inhibition arising from tinnitus related activity in the 4000 Hz isofrequency region. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kadner, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 11731-03] NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1097/00001756-200203250-00016 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 541EB UT WOS:000174971300016 PM 11930157 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Lai, YC Billings, L Schwartz, IB AF Liu, ZH Lai, YC Billings, L Schwartz, IB TI Transition to chaos in continuous-time random dynamical systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DIMENSIONAL CHAOS; SYNCHRONIZATION; FLUCTUATIONS; NOISE AB We consider situations where, in a continuous-time dynamical system, a nonchaotic attractor coexists with a nonattracting chaotic saddle, as in a periodic window. Under the influence of noise, chaos can arise. We investigate the fundamental dynamical mechanism responsible for the transition and obtain a general scaling law for the largest Lyapunov exponent. A striking finding is that the topology of the flow is fundamentally disturbed after the onset of noisy chaos, and we point out that such a disturbance is due to changes in the number of unstable eigendirections along a continuous trajectory under the influence of noise. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USN, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 12 AR 124101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.124101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 533QP UT WOS:000174542000033 PM 11909463 ER PT J AU Rivera, A Leon, A Varsamis, CPE Chryssikos, GD Ngai, KL Roland, CM Buckley, LJ AF Rivera, A Leon, A Varsamis, CPE Chryssikos, GD Ngai, KL Roland, CM Buckley, LJ TI Cation mass dependence of the nearly constant dielectric loss in alkali triborate glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; AC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; DISORDERED SOLIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA; MELTS AB Electrical ac conductivity measurements on alkali triborate glasses (M2O . 3B(2)O(3), M = Li, Na, K, and Rb) were performed at temperatures down to 8 K and frequencies up to 1 GHz. All samples show a nearly constant dielectric loss (NCL), at the limit of high frequencies and/or low temperatures. The magnitude of the NCL is found to decrease as m(-1/3) with increasing alkali ion mass m. This quantitative result for the NCL, closely related to the mean-square displacement of ions, indicates that the origin of the NCL might be related to vibrational relaxation of the ions in the anharmonic potentials that cage them, and the cage is decaying very slowly with time. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Chryssikos, Georgios/L-6488-2013 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 12 AR 125902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.125902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 533QP UT WOS:000174542000051 PM 11909481 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Maigetter, RZ Zanetti, M Carlo, DJ Brandt, CJ Wallace, MR AF Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Maigetter, RZ Zanetti, M Carlo, DJ Brandt, CJ Wallace, MR TI IFN-gamma ELISPOT responses to HIV proteins and HIV peptide antigens correlate and represent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1057 EP A1057 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901829 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Wenger, CB Flinn, SD Sheldon, HK Cullivan, ML Pratt, RE Lilly, CM AF Sonna, LA Wenger, CB Flinn, SD Sheldon, HK Cullivan, ML Pratt, RE Lilly, CM TI Gene chip array analysis of changes in gene expression by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during exertional heat injury SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Naval Hosp, Beaufort, SC USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A871 EP A871 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900808 ER PT J AU Spratt, ML Ge, H Ching, WM AF Spratt, ML Ge, H Ching, WM TI Expression of the 22 kDa surface protein fragment of Orientia tsutsugamushi and its immunoreactivity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. William Woods Univ, Dept Biol, Fulton, MO USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A922 EP A922 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901088 ER PT J AU Long, JW Ayers, KE Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Ayers, KE Rolison, DR TI Electrochemical characterization of high-surface-area catalysts and other nanoscale electroactive materials at sticky-carbon electrodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nanoscale solid; electroanalysis; battery; catalyst; graphite ID ALKALINE-SOLUTION; RUTHENIUM OXIDE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; REDUCTION; AEROGELS; OXYGEN; STATE; PORE AB Direct quantitative electroanalysis of submilligram quantities of nanoscale, high-surface-area electroactive powders is achieved by hand-pressing the solids onto the surface of a carbon-wax composite electrode. Since this 'sticky carbon' method does not require solvents or polymer binders to create electrode structures, such as cast films, one may now examine the innate electrochemical character of nanoscale materials. Electrode preparation with sticky carbon is rapid and simple and offers a convenient means to screen high-surface-area electrode materials whose inherently high RC time constants can compromise the resolution of the faradaic information. The effects on the electrochemical character of electrocatalysts, active materials in batteries, electrochromic materials, etc., of the common constituents (e.g. solvents, polymer binders, ionomers) and processes/forces (temperatures, pressures) necessary to create practical electrode structures may now be methodically explored. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Eveready Battery Co, Westlake, OH 44145 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ayers, Katherine/0000-0003-3246-1744 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 522 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 AR PII S0022-0728(02)00653-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)00653-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 558FR UT WOS:000175956100009 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G LaRosa, TN Shore, SN AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G LaRosa, TN Shore, SN TI Modeling the Galactic center nonthermal filaments as magnetized wakes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; MHD; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID COMETARY PLASMA TAILS; RADIO STRUCTURES; SOLAR-WIND; CENTER ARC; PLANE; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; STREAMER; PARALLEL; SHEET AB We simulate the Galactic center nonthermal laments as magnetized wakes formed dynamically from amplification of a weak ( tens of l G) global magnetic field through the interaction of molecular clouds with a Galactic center wind. One of the key issues in this cometary model is the stability of the lament against dynamical disruption. Here we show two-dimensional MHD simulations for interstellar conditions that are appropriate for the Galactic center. The structures eventually disrupt through a shear-driven nonlinear instability but maintain coherence for lengths up to 100 times their width as observed. The final instability, which destroys the lament through shredding and plasmoid formation, grows quickly in space ( and time) and leads to an abrupt end to the structure, in accord with observations. As a by-product, the simulation shows that emission should peak well downstream from the cloud-wind interaction site. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Indiana Univ S Bend, Dept Phys & Astron, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; einaudi@df.unipi.it; ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; sshore@paladin.iusb.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 568 IS 1 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.1086/338842 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 531VN UT WOS:000174438100021 ER PT J AU Dobano, C McTague, A Rogers, WO Hedstrom, RC Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL AF Dobano, C McTague, A Rogers, WO Hedstrom, RC Hoffman, SL Doolan, DL TI Mutating the anchor residues associated with MHC binding inhibits but does not abrogate CD8+T cell mediated protective immunity against malaria SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; Dobano, Carlota/N-4119-2014 OI Dobano, Carlota/0000-0002-6751-4060 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A310 EP A310 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601713 ER PT J AU Gamble, LJ Ravel, B Fischer, DA Castner, DG AF Gamble, LJ Ravel, B Fischer, DA Castner, DG TI Surface structure and orientation of PTFE films determined by experimental and FEFF8-calculated NEXAFS spectra SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; MONOLAYERS AB Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) experiments have provided information about the orientation of adsorbed small molecules, self-assembled monolayers, and polymers. Long fluorocarbon chains are known to have a twisted (or helical) structure due to the steric interactions of the fluorine atoms. Carbon K-edge and fluorine K-edge NEXAFS spectra of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) have been calculated using FEFF8 to determine how changing the helical structure of the PTFE chains affects the NEXAFS spectra. Specific structural parameters varied in the calculations included unwinding the helix, changing bond angles, and theoretically "stretching" the PTFE chains. Changing these structural parameters resulted in changes in the calculated NEXAFS spectra. Experimental NEXAFS spectra were obtained at beamline U7A of the NSLS on highly oriented, rubbed PTFE samples. A large polarization dependence is observed at the fluorine K-edge for the C-F sigma* peak and at the carbon K-edge for the C-F sigma* peaks (at 292.3 and 299 eV) and the C-C sigma* peak (at 295.7 eV), consistent with the fluorocarbon chains oriented parallel to the gold surface along the "rubbing" direction. FEFF8 NEXAFS spectra calculated with self-consistent spherical muffin-tin potentials, a full multiple-scattering formalism, the structural coordinates for bulk PTFE, and no adjustable physical parameters are in good agreement with the experimental NEXAFS spectra, showing the fluorocarbon chains in the rubbed PTFE films have a helical structure. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Castner, DG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Box 3351750, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 19 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 2183 EP 2189 DI 10.1021/la0112581 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 531EL UT WOS:000174403000034 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Li, XQ Guest, JR Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D AF Stievater, TH Li, XQ Guest, JR Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D TI Wavelength modulation spectroscopy of single quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY DIODE-LASER; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; MICROCAVITIES; SPECTRUM; OPTICS AB We demonstrate that external cavity diode lasers with large mode-hop-free tuning ranges (up to 80 GHz) together with wavelength modulation spectroscopy can be used to study excitonic transitions in semiconductor nanostructures. Such transitions are characterized by homogeneous linewidths typically on the order of a few GHz. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy offers a high signal-to-noise method for the determination of resonance line shapes. We have used this technique to accurately measure dipole moments and dephasing rates of single semiconductor quantum dot eigenstates. These measurements are important for the use of quantum dots in semiconductor cavities and quantum logic gates, and for an improved understanding of the physics of exciton confinement. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801; NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1876 EP 1878 DI 10.1063/1.1461071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 530NF UT WOS:000174363300007 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Campbell, PM Novak, JP AF Snow, ES Campbell, PM Novak, JP TI Single-wall carbon nanotube atomic force microscope probes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIPS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; GROWTH AB We examine the factors that govern the stability of imaging using single-wall C nanotubes as probes for atomic force microscopy. Nonvertical alignment of the nanotubes causes such probes to bend in response to the surface-nanotube interaction forces during imaging. For long nanotubes, this elastic response causes the nanotube tip to jump into contact with the surface and renders it unsuitable for imaging. For short nanotubes, stable noncontact-mode imaging can be achieved using a small cantilever vibration amplitude. However, the bending response is enhanced on highly textured surfaces, which limits the ability to image nonplanar features. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 11 BP 2002 EP 2004 DI 10.1063/1.1461073 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 530NF UT WOS:000174363300049 ER PT J AU Chen, G Stievater, TH Batteh, ET Li, XQ Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Sham, LJ AF Chen, G Stievater, TH Batteh, ET Li, XQ Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Sham, LJ TI Biexciton quantum coherence in a single quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; EXCITON; GAAS; WELL AB Nondegenerate (two-wavelength) two-photon absorption using coherent optical fields is used to show that there are two different quantum mechanical pathways leading to formation of the biexciton in a single quantum dot. Of specific importance to quantum information applications is the resulting coherent dynamics between the ground state and the biexciton from the pathway involving only optically induced exciton/biexciton quantum coherence. The data provide a direct measure of the biexciton decoherence rate which is equivalent to the decoherence of the Bell state in this system, as well as other critical optical parameters. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 26 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 11 AR 117901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.117901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 533QL UT WOS:000174541700040 PM 11909428 ER PT J AU Tasker, SA Wallace, MR Rubins, JB Paxton, WB O'Brien, J Janoff, EN AF Tasker, SA Wallace, MR Rubins, JB Paxton, WB O'Brien, J Janoff, EN TI Reimmunization with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Clinical, immunologic, and virologic responses SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDE; MENINGOCOCCAL-C POLYSACCHARIDE; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HIV-INFECTION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION AB We determined the immunogenicity and safety of reimmunization with the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Patients immunized 1 5 years earlier (initially within 1 year of HIV-1 seroconversion) were randomized to receive vaccine (n=57) or placebo (n=30). Persons with recent HIV-1 seroconversion (n=14) were immunized for the first time. Preimmunization levels of capsule-specific immunoglobulin G were similar in all groups. Reimmunized patients showed a significantly lower frequency and magnitude of antibody responses compared with persons with recent HIV-1 seroconversion. Reimmunized patients did not show adverse virologic or immunologic changes, but some reported local discomfort (15%) or fever (8%). Thus, the limited responses after reimmunization of HIV-1-infected patients with the current 23-valent vaccine mandates the need for a more effective reimmunization schedule, more immunogenic vaccines, or other behavioral and therapeutic interventions. C1 Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Pulm Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Mucosal & Vaccine Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Janoff, EN (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 111F, MAVRC, 1 Vet Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 6 BP 813 EP 821 DI 10.1086/339044 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 525BL UT WOS:000174047300012 PM 11850863 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Noble, M Eittreim, SL Rosenfeld, LK Schwing, FB Pilskaln, CH AF Xu, JP Noble, M Eittreim, SL Rosenfeld, LK Schwing, FB Pilskaln, CH TI Distribution and transport of suspended particulate matter in Monterey Canyon, California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suspended particulate matter; transport; mooring; Monterey Canyon ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SETTLING VELOCITY; SIZE AB From August 1993 to August 1994, six moorings that measure current, temperature, salinity, and water clarity were deployed along the axis of Monterey Canyon to study the circulation and transport of water and suspended particulate matter through the canyon system. The moorings occupied three sites that are morphologically different: a narrow transverse section (axis width 900 m) at 1450 m water depth, a wide transverse section at 2837 m, and a third site in the fan valley axis farther offshore at 3223 m that recorded for 3 yr. In addition, CTD/transmissometer casts were conducted within and near the Monterey Canyon during four cruises. Our data show a mainly biogenic, surface turbid layer, a limited intermediate nepheloid layer, and a bottom nepheloid layer. There is a consistent presence of a turbid layer within the canyon at a water depth of about 1500 m. Tidal flow dominates at all sites, but currents above the canyon rim and within the canyon appear to belong to two distinct dynamic systems. Bottom intensification of currents plays an important role in raising the near-bottom shear stress high enough that bottom sediments are often, if not always, resuspended. Mean flow pattern suggests a convergence zone between the narrow and wide site: the near-bed (100 m above bottom where the lowest current meter was located) mean transport is down-canyon at the 1450-m site. while the near-bottom transport at the 2837-m site is up-canyon. at a smaller magnitude. Transport at the 3223-m site is dominantly NNW, cross-canyon, with periods of up-canyon flow over 3 yr. A very high-turbidity event was recorded 100 m above the canyon bottom at the narrow site. The event started very abruptly and lasted more than a week. This event was not detected at either of the deeper sites. A canyon head flushing event is likely the cause. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 33 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 181 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 234 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00268-7 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00268-7 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 543BT UT WOS:000175081800011 ER PT J AU Li-Chung, PJ Rajagopal, AK AF Li-Chung, PJ Rajagopal, AK TI Green's function theory of electrical and thermal transport in single-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; SYSTEMS; CONDUCTIVITY AB The temperature dependencies of electrical conductivity and thermopower are studied for single-wall carbon nanotubes using a Green's-function theory developed to incorporate band structure, dielectric function, and electron-phonon interaction effects. Armchair and zigzag tubes are considered. They exhibit quite different temperature dependencies of the transport coefficients. Some experimental results are compared with the present calculations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li-Chung, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.113408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UH UT WOS:000174548400033 ER PT J AU Rodina, AV Alekseev, AY Efros, AL Rosen, M Meyer, BK AF Rodina, AV Alekseev, AY Efros, AL Rosen, M Meyer, BK TI General boundary conditions for the envelope function in the multiband k center dot p model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-MASS APPROXIMATION; LATTICE BAND-STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; SPURIOUS SOLUTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPER-LATTICES; QUANTUM-WIRE; INTERFACE; CONNECTION; HETEROINTERFACES AB We have derived general boundary conditions (BC's) for the multiband envelope functions (which do not contain spurious solutions) in semiconductor heterostructures with abrupt heterointerfaces. These BC require the conservation of the probability flux density normal to the interface and guarantee that the multiband Hamiltonian be self-adjoint. The BC are energy independent and are characteristic properties of the interface. Calculations have been performed of the effect of the general BC on the electron energy levels in a potential well with infinite potential barriers using a coupled two band model. The connection with other approaches to determining BC for the envelope function and to the spurious solution problem in the multiband k.p model are discussed. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Uppsala Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, S-75108 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Geneva, Dept Math, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rodina, AV (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 AR 125302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.125302 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540QC UT WOS:000174938800050 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Exciton-acoustic-phonon linewidths in GaAs bulk and quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION POTENTIALS; DEGENERATE BANDS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISPERSION; SCATTERING; DIAMOND; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; STATES AB Experimental results have shown that the acoustic phonon contribution to the homogeneous exciton linewidth increases substantially in going from GaAs quantum wells to bulk GaAs. Perturbation theory for acoustic phonon scattering using the deformation potential interaction and parabolic exciton dispersion accounts for experiment in quantum wells, but it fails by nearly an order of magnitude for bulk GaAs. Here we develop a theory of exciton-acoustic-phonon homogeneous linewidths using the anisotropic exciton dispersion, and we find for bulk GaAs that the piezoelectric interaction dominates the scattering. These results show that perturbation theory including these effects accounts well for the low temperature exciton linewidth in bulk GaAs as well as that in GaAs quantum wells. This approach also accounts for the available experimental results for exciton linewidths in bulk ZnSe and in ZeSe quantum wells. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 AR 121311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.121311 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540QC UT WOS:000174938800016 ER PT J AU Blumberg, G Koitzsch, A Gozar, A Dennis, BS Kendziora, CA Fournier, P Greene, RL AF Blumberg, G Koitzsch, A Gozar, A Dennis, BS Kendziora, CA Fournier, P Greene, RL TI Nonmonotonic d(x2-y2) superconducting order parameter in Nd2-xCexCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC RAMAN-SCATTERING; DOPED CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; D+S WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PENETRATION DEPTH; GAP EXCITATIONS; FERMI-SURFACE; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE AB Low energy polarized electronic Raman scattering of the electron-doped superconductor Nd1-xCexCuO4 (x = 0.15, T-c = 22 K) has revealed a nonmonotonic d(x 2-y 2) superconducting order parameter. It has a maximum gap of 4.4k(B)T(c) at Fermi surface intersections with an anti ferromagnetic Brillouin zone (the "hot spots") and a smaller gap of 3.3k(B)T(c) at fermionic Brillouin zone boundaries. The gap enhancement in the vicinity of the hot spots emphasizes the role of anti ferromagnetic fluctuations and the similarity in the origin of superconductivity for electron- and hole-doped cuprates. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Supercond Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Blumberg, G (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NR 44 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 AR 107002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.107002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 530EE UT WOS:000174342000053 PM 11909382 ER PT J AU Shaposhnikov, N Titarchuk, L AF Shaposhnikov, N Titarchuk, L TI Spectra of the expansion stage of X-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID NEUTRON-STARS; BLACK-HOLES; STATIONARY AB We present an analytical theory of thermonuclear X-ray burst atmosphere structure. Newtonian gravity and diffusion approximation are assumed. Hydrodynamic and thermodynamic profiles are obtained as a numerical solution of the Cauchy problem for the first-order ordinary differential equation. We further elaborate a combined approach to the radiative transfer problem that yields the spectrum of the expansion stage of X-ray bursts in an analytical form in which Comptonization and free-free absorption-emission processes are accounted for and tausimilar tor(-2) opacity dependence is assumed. A relaxation method on an energy opacity grid is used to simulate a radiative diffusion process in order to match the analytical form of the spectrum, which contains the free parameter, to the energy axis. Numerical and analytical results show high similarity. All spectra consist of a power-law soft component and a diluted blackbody hard tail. We derive simple approximation formulae usable for mass-radius determination by observational spectra fitting. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Shaposhnikov, N (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP 1077 EP 1090 DI 10.1086/338590 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WF UT WOS:000174210400035 ER PT J AU Marengo, M Sasselov, DD Karovska, M Papaliolios, C Armstrong, JT AF Marengo, M Sasselov, DD Karovska, M Papaliolios, C Armstrong, JT TI Theoretical limb darkening for pulsating Cepheids SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : atmospheres; stars : oscillations; techniques : interferometric ID FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; COEFFICIENTS; STAR AB Ground-based interferometry has finally reached a stage in which accurate determination of Cepheid diameters using the Baade-Wesselink method is feasible. Determining these diameters is the basis for calibrating the period-luminosity relation for classical Cepheids, and thus the extragalactic distance scale, but requires accurate limb-darkened models. This work presents a new method to compute time- and wavelength-dependent center-to-limb brightness distributions for classical Cepheids. Our model atmospheres are based on second-order accurate one-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations performed in spherical geometry. The brightness intensity distributions and the resulting limb darkening are computed through the dynamic atmospheres by using a full set of atomic and molecular opacities. Our results confirm important differences with respect to equivalent hydrostatic models. The amount of limb darkening and the shape of the limb profiles show a strong dependence on the pulsational phase of the Cepheid, which cannot be reproduced by static models. Nonlinear effects in our hydrodynamic equations add a new level of complexity in the wavelength dependence of our limb profiles, which are affected by the presence of shock waves traveling through the atmosphere. These effects, already detectable by present-day interferometers, should be taken into consideration when deriving limb-darkened diameters for nearby Cepheids with the accuracy required to measure their radial pulsations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marengo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP 1131 EP 1139 DI 10.1086/338684 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WF UT WOS:000174210400040 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Observations of core fallback during coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID LASCO; EIT AB White-light observations made with the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) during the present solar maximum have revealed a multitude of faint, inward-moving features at heliocentric distances of rsimilar to2-6 R-circle dot. Most of these structures appear to originate above rsimilar to3 R-circle dot and may be signatures of the closing-down of magnetic flux at the boundaries of coronal holes or in the aftermath of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Here, we present observations of a different type of inflow, in which material within the bright core of a CME collapses back toward the Sun after rising to heights of rsimilar to 2.5-6 R-circle dot. We have identified roughly 20 such fallback events during 1998-2001. The core structures, which have the form of loops or concave-outward flux ropes, ascend into the coronagraph field of view beyond 2 R-circle dot with speeds of similar to100-400 km s(-1) but return with speeds of only similar to50-200 km s(-1). The initial deceleration rates of similar to20-100 m s(-2) are comparable to the local gravitational deceleration GM(circle dot)/r(2) but continually decrease with time. The associated CMEs tend to be impulsive but relatively slow, with the leading front moving outward at similar to250-450 km s(-1) and often showing some deceleration. It is thus not surprising that some fraction of the core material fails to reach escape speeds, remaining bound to the Sun by gravitational and magnetic tension forces. We suggest that the dynamical behavior of the core may be determined in part by momentum exchanges with the background medium, which consists of ongoing outflows of CME material, ambient solar wind, and inflow streams. In particular, we attribute the asymmetry of the up-down trajectories to the action of such drag forces, whose direction changes from inward to outward as the core decelerates. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 2 BP 1211 EP 1224 DI 10.1086/338757 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WF UT WOS:000174210400046 ER PT J AU Wu, F Wu, C Chen, LG Sun, FR AF Wu, F Wu, C Chen, LG Sun, FR TI Performance characteristics of a magnetic Stirling cooler SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magnetic Stirling cooler; finite time thermodynamics; non-equilibrium statistical; cooling load; coefficient of performance; optimization performance ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; HEAT ENGINE; OPTIMAL PATHS; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; CYCLE AB The quantum mechanics model of a magnetic Stirling cooler is established. The optimal relation between the cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) is obtained. The maximum cooling load and corresponding COP as well as the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load are derived. The optimization criteria for a magnetic Stirling cooler are determined. The results obtained here will be useful for the further understanding and the selection of the optimal operating conditions for a magnetic Stirling cooler. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1002/er.777 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 528CB UT WOS:000174225300003 ER PT J AU Narducci, FA Ye, ZX Ling, HY AF Narducci, FA Ye, ZX Ling, HY TI Laser cooling in a Fabry-Perot resonator SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH ID INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SINGLE ATOMS; OPTICAL CAVITY; MOTION AB We develop a first-principles description of the mechanical effects of light on a single two-level atom in a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Our analysis is based on the plane-wave and semiclassical approximations, but within this context it yields general equations that include propagation effects and allow arbitrary parameters of the resonator. We then focus on the conditions under which the uniform field limit holds and derive an explicit expression for the cavity-induced force on the atom in the low saturation limit. We also provide a physical explanation of the role played by the resonator in slowing down or accelerating the atoms. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rowan Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Narducci, FA (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 687 EP 704 DI 10.1080/09500340110111121 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 524KQ UT WOS:000174012700031 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM Mushrush, GW Hardy, DR AF Hughes, JM Mushrush, GW Hardy, DR TI Lubricity-enhancing properties of soy oil when used as a blending stock for middle distillate fuels SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB As the price of middle distillate fuels continues to rise, the use of bioderived materials as fuel blending stocks becomes attractive. In the present research, a severely hydrotreated diesel fuel was blended in concentrations of 10-20% and was shown to have significantly better lubricity as measured by ASTM D6078/BOCLE, ASTM D6079/SLBOCLE, and BOTD. The current ASTM methods showed a wide differentiation between the hydrotreated fuel and the soy blends. The differences in the BOTD measurements were not as large. C1 Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 4640 Forbes Blvd,Suite 130, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1386 EP 1388 DI 10.1021/ie010624t PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 526DR UT WOS:000174114200057 ER PT J AU Kilroy, WP Dallek, S Zaykoski, J AF Kilroy, WP Dallek, S Zaykoski, J TI Synthesis and characterization of metastable Li-Mn-O spinels from Mn(V) SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium; rechargeable battery; manganese (V); spinel; thermogravimetry AB Li3MnO4 Mn(V) was synthesized from LiOH and LiMnO4, and characterized by gravimetric. X-ray, and XPS analysis. This precursor was used to improve the calcination time required for the low temperature solid state synthesis of highly oxidized spinels, Li2Mn4O8+x. TG calculations were used to show the effect of calcination conditions on phase purity. The effect of a second phase on cycling performance was evaluated. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kilroy, WP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 AR PII S0378-7753(01)00973-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00973-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 532GV UT WOS:000174466700011 ER PT J AU Shenoy, D Beresnev, L Holt, D Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, D Beresnev, L Holt, D Shashidhar, R TI Tuning polar anchoring energy through chemical modification of photodimerized surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL; ANGLES AB A detailed study of the dependence of the polar anchoring energy of liquid crystals on the chemical structure of photoaligning layers is presented. The monolayer alignment layers consist of different chemical groups at the terminus so that the interaction of the alignment layer with the liquid-crystal molecules is systematically varied. The results demonstrate the ability to tune the polar anchoring energy by chemical modification of the alignment layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Army Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1538 EP 1540 DI 10.1063/1.1456546 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400012 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Scott, MB AF Yang, SH Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Scott, MB TI Application of a tight-binding total-energy method for FeAl SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ALUMINIDES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; NOBLE-METALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SURFACES; SILICON; AL AB The Naval Research Laboratory tight-binding (TB) method accurately describes the electronic and mechanical properties of many elemental systems, including semiconductors, simple metals, and transition metals. We report an extension of the method to an intermetallic compound, FexAl1-x. We found a set of non-orthogonal TB parameters which reproduced the electronic structure and total energy versus volume of a set of first-principles linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) calculations for the B1 (NaCl), B2 (CsCl), D0(3) (Fe3Al), C11(b) (MoSi2), and B32 (NaTI) structures. Structural properties, such as lattice constants and bulk moduli, and electronic properties, such as the densities of states and energy bands, are reproduced well. In addition, quantities that were not fitted, such as elastic constants, are found to be in very good agreement with 4:1 independent LAPW calculations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1895 EP 1902 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/317 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 534BL UT WOS:000174564700026 ER PT J AU Joyce, G Lampe, M Ganguli, G AF Joyce, G Lampe, M Ganguli, G TI Instability-triggered phase transition to a dusty-plasma condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC INSTABILITY; CRYSTALS AB Highly charged dust grains in plasma discharges reside at the sheath edge, where the ions stream toward the electrode at speed similar toc(s). Above a critical pressure P-crit, the grains lose their kinetic energy and reach a strongly coupled crystalline state, but for P < P-crit the grains acquire a large random kinetic energy and act like a fluid. We show that the dust heating in the fluid phase is due to an ion-dust two-stream instability, which is stabilized at P > P-crit by the combined effect of ion-molecule and grain-molecule collisions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joyce, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 9 AR 095006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.095006 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527WZ UT WOS:000174212100038 PM 11864021 ER PT J AU Ruha, AM Tanen, DA Graeme, KA Curry, SC Miller, MB Gerkin, R Reagan, CG Brandon, TA AF Ruha, AM Tanen, DA Graeme, KA Curry, SC Miller, MB Gerkin, R Reagan, CG Brandon, TA TI Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate for Taxus media-induced cardiac toxicity in swine SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE taxus; yew; sodium channel blockade; sodium bicarbonate; antidote ID CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY; CANINE MODEL; YEW; INTOXICATION; FRAGMENTS; BACCATA; HEART AB Objective: To determine whether intravenous (IV) hypertonic sodium bicarbonate is effective in the reversal of QRS widening associated with severe Taxus intoxication. Methods: Seventeen anesthetized and instrumented swine were poisoned with an IV extract of Taxus media until doubling of the QRS interval on electrocardiography was achieved. After poisoning (time zero), the animals received either 4 mL/kg IV 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (experimental group; 6 animals), a similar volume of 0.7% NaCl in 10% mannitol (mannitol group; 6 animals), or nothing (control group; 5 animals). The main outcome parameter was QRS duration. Secondary outcome parameters were mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac index (CI = cardiac output/kg). Additionally, arterial pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)), and plasma-ionized calcium, sodium, and potassium were monitored. Results: Taxus toxicity, defined as a 100% increase in QRS duration, was produced in all animals. The animals were similar in regard to baseline and time 0 physiologic parameters as well as amount of Taxus media extract administered. From times 5 through 30 minutes, following assigned treatment, significant increases in QRS duration were detected in the experimental and mannitol groups compared with the control group. A significant lowering of MAP was found in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference between groups was noted in HR or CI. The swine treated with hypertonic sodium bicarbonate had a statistically significant increase in pH, plasma sodium concentration, and base excess compared with the other groups. Conclusions: Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate was ineffective in reversing the widening of QRS interval associated with Taxus poisoning in this swine model. C1 Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Clin Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Lansing, MI USA. Banner Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ USA. Arizona State Univ, Anim Care Ctr, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Ruha, AM (reprint author), Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, 925 E McDowell Rd,2nd Fl, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. EM michelle.ruha@bannerhealth.com NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 527PP UT WOS:000174195100001 PM 11874772 ER PT J AU Marling, C Sqalli, M Rissland, E Munoz-Avila, H Aha, D AF Marling, C Sqalli, M Rissland, E Munoz-Avila, H Aha, D TI Case-based reasoning integrations SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB This article presents an overview and survey of current work in case-based reasoning (CBR) integrations. There has been a recent upsurge in the integration of CBR with other reasoning modalities and computing paradigms, especially rule-based reasoning (RBR) and constraint-satisfaction problem (CSP) solving. CBR integrations with model-based reasoning (MBR), genetic algorithms, and information retrieval are also discussed. This article characterizes the types of multimodal reasoning integrations where CBR can play a role, identifies the types of roles that CBR components can fulfill, and provides examples of integrated CBR systems. Past progress, current trends, and issues for future research are discussed. C1 Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Siemens Canada Ltd, Telecom Innovat Ctr, Kanata, ON, Canada. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res, Intelligent Decis Aids Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Marling, C (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 58 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 69 EP 86 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 633MY UT WOS:000180288100010 ER PT J AU Kosnik, SD Emmons, WW Pitman, KT AF Kosnik, SD Emmons, WW Pitman, KT TI Parotid abscess caused by Salmonella enteriditis in a patient with parotid masses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENTERITIDIS; INFECTIONS C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Kosnik, SD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1053/ajot.2002.31217 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 531CN UT WOS:000174398600012 PM 11893982 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Agyei, SO Utz, GC Koram, K Barcus, MJ Jones, TR Fryauff, DJ Binka, FN Hoffman, SL Nkrumah, FN AF Baird, JK Agyei, SO Utz, GC Koram, K Barcus, MJ Jones, TR Fryauff, DJ Binka, FN Hoffman, SL Nkrumah, FN TI Seasonal malaria attack rates in infants and young children in northern Ghana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN KENYA; TRANSMISSION; INOCULATION; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; PARASITEMIA; INFECTION; AFRICA; ANEMIA; LEVEL AB The incidence density of infection and disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum in children aged six to 24 months living in the holoendemic Sahel of northern Ghana was measured during the wet and dry seasons of 1996 and 1997. At the beginning of each season, a cohort composed of 259 and 277 randomly selected children received supervised curative therapy with quinine and Fansidar(R) and primaquine for those with normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The 20 weeks of post-therapy follow-up consisted of three home visits weekly and examination of Giemsa-stained blood films once every two weeks. Blood films were also taken from children brought to clinic with illness. The incidence density of parasitemia after radical cure was 4.7 infections/person-year during the dry season and 7.1 during the wet season (relative risk = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-1.81; P = 0.00001). Although the mean parasitemia count at time of reinfection in the dry season (3,310/mul) roughly equaled that in the wet season (3,056/mul; P = 0.737), the risk ratio for parasitemia > 20,000/mul during the wet season was 1.71 (95% CI = 1.2-2.4; P = 0.0025). The risk ratio for parasitemia > 20,000/mul with fever during the wet season was 2.45 (95% CI = 1.5-4.1; P = 0.0002). The risk ratio for anemia (hemoglobin < 8 g/dl) at first post-radical cure parasitemia showed no difference between seasons (1.0; 95% CI = 0.73-1.4; P = 0.9915). We did not see seasonal differences in anemia known to exist in this region, probably because the longitudinal cohort design using first parasitemia as an end point prevented the subjects from developing the repeated or chronic infections required for anemia induction. These findings bear upon the design of malaria drug and vaccine trials in holoendemic areas. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Ghana. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, Parasit Dis Program, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 280 EP 286 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 573GH UT WOS:000176820600011 PM 12139221 ER PT J AU Barcus, MJ Laihad, F Sururi, M Sismadi, P Marwoto, H Bangs, MJ Baird, JK AF Barcus, MJ Laihad, F Sururi, M Sismadi, P Marwoto, H Bangs, MJ Baird, JK TI Epidemic malaria in the Menoreh Hills of Central Java SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID REEMERGENCE; STRATEGIES; CRISIS AB After more than 50 years of effective management, resurgent malaria threatens residents in the Menoreh Hills and the foothills of the Dieng Plateau of Central Java, Indonesia. The Dieng Plateau dominates the highland center of Central Java. The steep Menoreh Hills, surrounded by rice paddy habitats, cover approximately 500 km(2) with no peaks greater than 1,000 m. We studied epidemic malaria in Purworejo district, one of the three districts containing the Menoreh Hills. Between 1986 and 1995, the annual parasite incidence (API) in Purworejo ranged from 2 to 11 cases per 1,000 residents per year and was typically approximately 5 per 1,000. In 2000 the API was 44.5. This sharp increase was confined to subdistricts in and around the Menoreh Hills and Dieng Plateau foothills. The primary vectors of malaria, those favoring steep, forested hillsides on Java, were Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles balabacensis. Deterioration of vector control activity, followed by a severe economic downturn in 1997, may explain the epidemic. Malaria in the Menoreh Hills and lower Dieng Plateau threatens surrounding areas of rice paddy inhabited by Anopheles aconitus as well as a nearby coastal habitat where the even more efficient vector Anopheles sundaicus occurs in abundance. Most of the 130 million people living on Java never experienced the hyper- and holoendemic malaria that occurred throughout most of the island before the effective DDT spraying and chloroquine treatment campaigns of the 1950s. Reintroduced endemic malaria threatens the island of Java. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Directorate Vector Borne Dis Control, Jakarta, Indonesia. Dist Hlth Serv, Purworejo, Cent Java, Indonesia. Ctr Communicable Dis Res, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Barcus, MJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 573GH UT WOS:000176820600012 PM 12139222 ER PT J AU Chanpong, GF Laras, K Sulaiman, HA Soeprapto, W Purnamawati, S Sukri, N Sie, A Tan, R Campbell, JR Corwin, AL AF Chanpong, GF Laras, K Sulaiman, HA Soeprapto, W Purnamawati, S Sukri, N Sie, A Tan, R Campbell, JR Corwin, AL TI Hepatitis C among child transfusion and adult renal dialysis patients in Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; BLOOD-DONORS; VIRUS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; ANTIBODY AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among high-risk pediatric and adult patients was evaluated. The study included 269 adults and 150 children in a case-control research design. Risk factors of HCV exposure in Indonesia were assessed among adult renal dialysis patients and pediatric patients who received multiple blood transfusions. A high prevalence of anti-HCV was found among the adult renal dialysis patients, measured by second-generation electroimmunoassay tests. Family members of dialysis patients, who served as a comparison group for dialysis patients, were found to have a 9.0% seroprevalence. The prevalence of anti-HCV among pediatric patients with hematological disorders was found to be 39.0%. The comparison group seroprevalence (pediatric patients and family members) was 4.3% among sera available for confirmatory testing. Patients with history of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 7.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.06-15.51, P = 0.0001), blood transfusion (OR = 6.85, 95% CI: 3.95-11.88, P = 0.0001), circumcision (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.43-3.99, P = 0.0001), or marital partner/family member history of jaundice (OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 1.97-6.62, P = 0.0001) were found to have an increased odds of HCV exposure compared with individuals without similar histories. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Gatot Subroto Arm Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Chanpong, GF (reprint author), USN, AMRU 2, JST, Amer Embassy Jakarta,Unit 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 573GH UT WOS:000176820600018 PM 12139228 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Charles, PT Patterson, CH Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Charles, PT Patterson, CH Ligler, FS TI Demonstration of four immunoassay formats using the array biosensor SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; SENSOR; WATER; TNT; GROUNDWATER; EXPLOSIVES; ANALYTES AB The ability of a fluorescence-based array biosensor to measure and quantify the binding of an antigen to an immobilized antibody has been demonstrated using the four different immunoassay formats: direct, competitive, displacement, and sandwich. A patterned array of antibodies specific for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was immobilized onto the surface of a planar waveguide and used to measure signals from different antigen concentrations simultaneously. For direct, competitive, and displacement assays, which are one-step assays, measurements were obtained in real time. Dose-response curves were calculated for all four assay formats, demonstrating the array biosensor's ability to quantify the amount of antigen present in solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1021/ac0157268 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900023 PM 11924964 ER PT J AU Wang, J Pumera, M Chatrathi, MP Escarpa, A Musameh, M Collins, G Mulchandani, A Lin, YH Olsen, K AF Wang, J Pumera, M Chatrathi, MP Escarpa, A Musameh, M Collins, G Mulchandani, A Lin, YH Olsen, K TI Single-channel microchip for fast screening and detailed identification of nitroaromatic explosives or organophosphate nerve agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROMACHINED ELECTROPHORESIS CHIPS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTORS; SEPARATION AB A single-channel chip-based analytical microsystem that allows rapid flow injection measurements of the total content of organic explosive or nerve agent compounds, as well as detailed micellar chromatographic identification of the individual ones, is described. The protocol involves repetitive rapid flow injection (screening) assays to provide a timely warning and alarm-and switching to the separation (fingerprint identification) mode only when harmful compounds are detected. While micellar electro-kinetic chromatography, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is used for separating the neutral nitroaromatic explosive and nerve agent compounds, an operation without SDS leads to high-speed measurements of the "total" explosives or nerve agent content. Switching between the "flow injection" and "separation" modes is accomplished by rapidly exchanging the SDS-free and SDS-containing buffers in the separation channel. Amperometric detection was used for monitoring the separation. Key factors influencing the sample throughput, resolution, and sensitivity have been assessed and optimized. Assays rates of about 360 and 30/h can thus be realized for the "total" screening and "individual" measurements, respectively. Ultimately, such development will lead to the creation of a field-deployable microanalyzer and will enable transporting the forensic laboratory to the sample source. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joewang@nmsu.edu RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Pumera, Martin/F-2724-2010; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016; Escarpa, Alberto/N-2293-2016 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Pumera, Martin/0000-0001-5846-2951; Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154; Escarpa, Alberto/0000-0002-7302-0948 NR 12 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1191 DI 10.1021/ac0111356 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900041 PM 11924983 ER PT J AU Harlander, JM Roesler, FL Cardon, JG Englert, CR Conway, RR AF Harlander, JM Roesler, FL Cardon, JG Englert, CR Conway, RR TI SHIMMER: a spatial heterodyne spectrometer for remote sensing of Earth's middle atmosphere SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OH OBSERVATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB It is well known and demonstrated that interference spectroscopy offers capabilities to obtain passive remote optical sensing spectra of high precision and also achieves economies in size, cost, and ease of deployment compared with more conventional systems. We describe the development of a near-ultraviolet spatial heterodyne spectrometer designed for remote sensing of the global distribution of the hydroxyl radical OH in the Earth's middle atmosphere. The instrument, known as SHIMMER (Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals), is expected to obtain its first OH measurement from space in early 2002 from the Space Shuttle. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Engn Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Engn Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM harlander@stcloudstate.edu OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 14 TC 53 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1343 EP 1352 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001343 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 525VW UT WOS:000174095600019 PM 11900013 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Zelmon, DE Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Dispersion of barium gallogermanate glass SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BAO-GA2O3-GEO2 GLASSES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Gallogermanate glasses are the subject of intense study as a result of their unique combination of physical and optical properties, including transmission from 0.4 to beyond 5.0 mum. These glasses can be easily made into large optics with high-index homogeneity for numerous U.S. Department of Defense and commercial visible-IR window applications such as reconnaissance, missile domes, IR countermeasures, avionics, and collision avoidance on automobiles, These applications require a knowledge of the refractive index of glass throughout the region of transmission. Consequently, we have measured the refractive index of BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 glass from 0.4 to 5.0 mum and calculated the Sellmeier coefficients required for optical device design. C1 USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, 3005 P St,Bldg 651,Room 243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1366 EP 1367 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001366 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 525VW UT WOS:000174095600021 PM 11900015 ER PT J AU Goray, LI Seely, JF AF Goray, LI Seely, JF TI Efficiencies of master, replica, and multilayer gratings for the soft-x-ray-extreme-ultraviolet range: modeling based on the modified integral method and comparisons with measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH RANGE; COATED GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION; REGION; SCATTERING; WORKING AB The near-normal-incidence efficiencies of a 2400-groove/mm holographic master grating, a replica grating, and a multilayer grating are modeled in the soft-x-ray-extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) regions and are compared with efficiencies that are measured with synchrotron radiation. The efficiencies are calculated by the computer program PCGrate, which is based on a rigorous modified integral method. The theory of our integral method is described both for monolayer and multilayer gratings designated for the soft-x-ray-EUV-wavelength range. The calculations account fur the groove profile as determined from atomic force microscopy with a depth scaling in the case of the multilayer grating and an average random microroughness (0.7 nm) for the short wavelengths. The refractive indices of the grating substrate and coatings have been taken from different sources because of the wide range of the wavelengths (4.5-50 nm). The measured peak absolute efficiency of 10.4% in the second diffraction order at a wavelength of 11.4 nm is achieved for the multilayer grating and is in good agreement with a computed value of similar to11.5%. Rigorous modeling of the efficiencies of three similar gratings is in good overall agreement with the measured efficiency over a wide wavelength region. Additional calculations have indicated that relatively high normal incidence efficiency (of at least several percent) and large angular dispersion in the higher orders can be achieved in the 4.5-10.5-nm range by application of various multilayer coatings. C1 Int Intellectual Grp Inc, New York, NY 14526 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Int Intellectual Grp Inc, POB 335,Penfield, New York, NY 14526 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607 NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1434 EP 1445 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001434 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 525VW UT WOS:000174095600032 PM 11900024 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Bartleson, AL AF Hyman, SD Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Bartleson, AL TI Low-frequency radio transients in the Galactic center SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; radio continuum; stars : variables : other ID 5 GHZ SURVEY; NORTHERN MILKY-WAY; PLANE; CATALOG; PATROL AB We report the detection of a new radio transient source, GCRT J1746-2757, located only 1degrees.1 north of the Galactic center. Consistent with other radio transients toward the Galactic center, this source brightened and faded on a timescale of a few months. No X-ray counterpart was detected. This suggests that either there was only very faint X-ray emission, compared with highly Doppler boosted radio emission, or that GCRT J1746-2757 is a member of a class of radio transients with no associated X-ray emission. We also report new 0.33 GHz measurements of the radio counterpart to the X-ray transient source, XTE J1748-288, previously detected and monitored at higher radio frequencies. We show that the spectrum of XTE J1748-288 steepened considerably during a period of a few months after its peak. We also discuss the need for a more efficient means of finding additional radio transients. C1 Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hyman, SD (reprint author), Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 1497 EP 1501 DI 10.1086/338905 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534KN UT WOS:000174585700025 ER PT J AU Fekel, FC Scarfe, CD Barlow, DJ Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD McAlister, HA AF Fekel, FC Scarfe, CD Barlow, DJ Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD McAlister, HA TI The quadruple system mu Orionis: Three-dimensional orbit and physical parameters SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : early-type; stars : individual (mu Orionis) ID SPECTROSCOPIC-VISUAL TRIPLE; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; BINARY-SYSTEMS; MULTIPLE STARS; AM STARS; HYADES; TEMPERATURES; PHOTOMETRY; HIPPARCOS AB The star mu Orionis is a spectroscopic visual quadruple system in which each visual component is a short-period spectroscopic binary. The visual orbit has a period of 18.644 yr, a high eccentricity of 0.7426, and a high inclination of 96degrees.2. The visual primary consists of an Am star and probably a G or early K dwarf that orbit each other in a nearly circular orbit with a period of 4.4475858 days. The visual secondary consists of a pair of F5: V stars in a circular orbit with a period of 4.7835361 days. While the masses of the two stars are nearly identical and the magnitude difference between the pair is close to zero, the projected rotational velocities differ by almost a factor of 2. The orbit for the B subsystem is not coplanar with the visual orbit, while that for the A subsystem is probably not coplanar as well. The orbital parallax of 0."02107 +/- 0."00018 is more accurate than that obtained from the Hipparcos observations and corresponds to a distance of 47.5 +/- 0.4 pc. A comparison with evolutionary tracks indicates that the Am star is near the end of its main-sequence evolution. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Fekel, FC (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, 2330 10th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 1723 EP 1740 DI 10.1086/339184 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534KN UT WOS:000174585700038 ER PT J AU Fabricius, C Hog, E Makarov, VV Mason, BD Wycoff, GL Urban, SE AF Fabricius, C Hog, E Makarov, VV Mason, BD Wycoff, GL Urban, SE TI The Tycho double star catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : binaries : visual catalogs; astrometry ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; VISUAL BINARIES; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; MULTIPLE STARS; PROPER-MOTION; CD-ROM; HIPPARCOS; SYSTEMS; ASTROMETRY; MASSES AB We report the discovery of 13 251 visual double stars, mostly with separations between 0.3 and 1 arcsec, from a dedicated re-reduction of the Tycho data from the star mapper of the ESA Hipparcos satellite. The new doubles are combined with 18 160 WDS systems identified in the Tycho-2 Catalogue, and 1220 new Tycho-2 doubles, to form the Tycho Double Star Catalogue, TDSC, a catalogue of absolute astrometry and B(T), V(T) photometry for 66 219 components of 32 631 double and multiple star systems. We also include results for 32 263 single components for systems unresolved in TDSC, and a supplement gives Hipparcos and Tycho-1 data for 4777 additional components. The TDSC thus contains a total of 103 259 entries. Cross identifications are given to WDS, HD, Hipparcos and Tycho-2. C1 Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fabricius, C (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM cf@astro.ku.dk OI Urban, Sean/0000-0003-3280-6693; Fabricius, Claus/0000-0003-2639-1372; Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 50 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011822 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527KP UT WOS:000174185500018 ER PT J AU Marcaide, JM Perez-Torres, MA Ros, E Alberdi, A Diamond, PJ Guirado, JC Lara, L Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW AF Marcaide, JM Perez-Torres, MA Ros, E Alberdi, A Diamond, PJ Guirado, JC Lara, L Van Dyk, SD Weiler, KW TI Strongly decelerated expansion of SN1979C SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; supernovae : individual : SN1979C; ISM : supernova remnants; radio continuum : stars; galaxies : individual : M100 ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO LIGHT CURVES; X-RAY-EMISSION; SN 1979C; II SUPERNOVAE; 1993J; ULTRAVIOLET; ABSORPTION; DISCOVERY; SN-1993J AB We observed SN1979C in M100 on 4 June 1999, about twenty years after explosion, with a very sensitive four-antenna VLBI array at the wavelength of lambda18 cm. The distance to M100 and the expansion velocities are such that the supernova cannot be fully resolved by our Earth-wide array. Model-dependent sizes for the source have been determined and compared with previous results. We conclude that the supernova shock was initially in free expansion for 6 +/- 2 yrs and then experienced a very strong deceleration. The onset of deceleration took place a few years before the abrupt trend change in the integrated radio flux density curves. We estimate the shocked swept-up mass to be M-sw similar to 1.6 M-circle dot, assuming a standard density profile for the CSM. Such a swept-up mass for SN1979C suggests a mass of the hydrogen-rich envelope ejected at explosion no larger than M-env similar to 0.9 M-circle dot. If SN1979C originated in a binary star, the low value of Menv suggests that the companion of the progenitor star stripped off most of the hydrogen-rich envelope mass of the presupernova star prior to the explosion. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Jodrell Bank Observ, MERLIN VLBI Natl Facil, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marcaide, JM (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 384 IS 2 BP 408 EP 413 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011794 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528PW UT WOS:000174253000007 ER PT J AU Landi, E Landini, M AF Landi, E Landini, M TI The Arcetri Spectral Code for optically thin plasmas SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; plasmas; Sun : atmosphere; stars : atmospheres; ultraviolet : general; astronomical data bases : miscellaneous ID IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; GROUND CONFIGURATION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; IRON PROJECT; SOLAR; IONS; RECOMBINATION; TRANSITIONS; ATMOSPHERES AB The Arcetri Spectral Code allows one to evaluate the spectrum of the radiation emitted by hot and optically thin plasmas in the spectral range 10-2000 Angstrom. The Arcetri Code consists of a series of files that contain the emissivity of the plasma as a function of electron temperature and density. Both line and continuum emission are considered. These quantities are calculated using a database of atomic data and transition probabilities, mostly taken from the CHIANTI database. In the present work we describe the updates to the spectrum and present the new results. A comparison with the previous version of the code allows us to assess the improvements to the spectrum; comparison with other spectral codes allows us to assess the completeness of the Arcetri Code and of the CHIANTI database. C1 NRL, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Landi, E (reprint author), NRL, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 384 IS 3 BP 1124 EP 1132 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020100 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532AC UT WOS:000174448600040 ER PT J AU Infante, L Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Kim, RSJ Vogeley, MS Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, E Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Pier, JR York, DG AF Infante, L Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Kim, RSJ Vogeley, MS Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, E Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Pier, JR York, DG TI The angular clustering of galaxy pairs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; SDSS COMMISSIONING DATA; COLD DARK-MATTER; REDSHIFT SURVEY; FAINT GALAXIES; COMPACT-GROUPS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RICH CLUSTERS; LOOSE GROUPS AB We identify close pairs of galaxies from 278 deg(2) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning imaging data. The pairs are drawn from a sample of 330,041 galaxies with 18 < r* < 20. We determine the angular correlation function of galaxy pairs and find it to be stronger than the correlation function of single galaxies by a factor of 2.9 +/- 0.4. The two correlation functions have the same logarithmic slope of 0.77. We invert Limber's equation to estimate the three-dimensional correlation functions; we find clustering lengths of r(0) = 4.2 +/- 0.4 h(-1) Mpc for galaxies and 7.8 +/- 0.7 h(-1) Mpc for galaxy pairs. These results agree well with the global richness dependence of the correlation functions of galaxy systems. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1086/338424 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700016 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Fryer, CL Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Fryer, CL Dermer, CD TI Transient absorption features in gamma-ray bursts and their implications for gamma-ray burst progenitors SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory ID LINE EMISSION; SUPERNOVA-1987A; DISCOVERY AB The recent detection of a transient absorption feature in the prompt emission of GRB 990705 has sparked multiple attempts to fit this feature in terms of photoelectric absorption or resonance scattering out of the line of sight to the observer. However, the physical conditions required to reproduce the observed absorption feature turn out to be rather extreme compared to the predictions of current gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitor models. In particular, strong clumping of ejecta from the GRB progenitor seems to be required. Using detailed three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of supernova explosions as a guideline, we have investigated the dynamics and structure of pre-GRB ejecta predicted in various GRB progenitor models. Based on our results, combined with population synthesis studies relevant to the He-merger model, we estimate the probability of observing X-ray absorption features as seen in GRB 990705 to <<1%. Alternatively, if the supranova model is capable of producing highly collimated, long-duration GRBs, it may be a more promising candidate to produce observable, transient X-ray absorption features. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 108,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1086/338496 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700041 ER PT J AU Hurley, K Berger, E Castro-Tirado, A Ceron, JMC Cline, T Feroci, M Frail, DA Frontera, F Masetti, N Guidorzi, C Montanari, E Hartmann, DH Henden, A Levine, SE Mazets, E Golenetskii, S Frederiks, D Morrison, G Oksanen, A Moilanen, M Park, HS Price, PA Prochaska, J Trombka, J Williams, G AF Hurley, K Berger, E Castro-Tirado, A Ceron, JMC Cline, T Feroci, M Frail, DA Frontera, F Masetti, N Guidorzi, C Montanari, E Hartmann, DH Henden, A Levine, SE Mazets, E Golenetskii, S Frederiks, D Morrison, G Oksanen, A Moilanen, M Park, HS Price, PA Prochaska, J Trombka, J Williams, G TI Afterglow upper limits for four short-duration, hard spectrum gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID X-RAY; BEPPOSAX; SPECTROMETER; EMISSION AB We present interplanetary network localization, spectral, and time history information for four short-duration, hard spectrum gamma-ray bursts, GRB 000607, GRB 001025B, GRB 001204, and GRB 010119. All of these events were followed up with sensitive radio and optical observations (the first and only such bursts to be followed up in the radio to date), but no detections were made, demonstrating that the short bursts do not have anomalously intense afterglows. We discuss the upper limits and show that the lack of observable counterparts is consistent with both the hypothesis that the afterglow behavior of the short bursts is like that of the long-duration bursts, many of which similarly have no detectable afterglows, as well as the hypothesis that the short bursts have no detectable afterglows at all. Small number statistics do not allow a clear choice between these alternatives, but given the present detection rates of various missions, we show that progress can be expected in the near future. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Real Inst, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterr, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab 118, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Jyvaskylan Sirius Ry, Nyrola Observ, FIN-40100 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hurley, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Frederiks, Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015; OI Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Frederiks, Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340 NR 48 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1086/338420 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BQ UT WOS:000174047700042 ER PT J AU Aulanier, G DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF Aulanier, G DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK TI Prominence magnetic dips in three-dimensional sheared arcades SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; FLUX-ROPE; FIELD; MODEL; SUPPORT; CONFIGURATIONS; FILAMENT; SHEETS; FLARES AB We calculate the distribution of field-line dips in the three-dimensional sheared arcade model for prominence/filament magnetic fields. We consider both moderately and highly sheared configurations computed by fully time-dependent three-dimensional MHD simulations in which the field was relaxed to a static equilibrium end state. In agreement with previous low spatial resolution measurements of the magnetic field inside prominences, we find that for all configurations, the field in the great majority of the calculated dips exhibits inverse polarity. But for each configuration we also find well-defined narrow regions with stable dips of normal polarity. These tend to be located on the edges of the filament ends and at the top of the central part of the prominence. This distinctive mixture of normal/inverse polarity dips that we find in sheared arcades is not likely to be present in twisted flux rope prominence models. Therefore, our results provide a rigorous and unique observational test that can distinguish between the two classes of models, as well as new predictions for future high spatial resolution spectro-polarimetric observations of filaments and prominences. C1 Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Solar Terr Relationships Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 33 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP L97 EP L101 DI 10.1086/339436 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BT UT WOS:000174047900023 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Warren, H van Ballegooijen, A DeLuca, EE Golub, L AF Winebarger, AR Warren, H van Ballegooijen, A DeLuca, EE Golub, L TI Steady flows detected in extreme-ultraviolet loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID TRANSITION-REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; SUMER TELESCOPE; SOLAR CORONA; PROFILES; TRACE; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB Recent Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) observations have detected a class of active region loops whose physical properties are inconsistent with previous hydrostatic loop models. In this Letter we present the first co-aligned TRACE and the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) observations of these loops. Although these loops appear static in the TRACE images, SUMER detects line-of-sight flows along the loops of up to 40 km s(-1). The presence of flows could imply an asymmetric heating function; such a heating function would be expected for heating that is proportional to (often asymmetric) footpoint field strength. We compare a steady flow solution resulting from an asymmetric heating function to a static solution resulting from a uniform heating function in a hypothetical coronal loop. We find that the characteristics associated with the asymmetrically heated loop better compare with the characteristics of the loops observed in the TRACE data. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7673W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM awinebarger@cfa.harvard.edu; hwarren@cfa.harvard.edu; avanballegooijen@cfa.harvard.edu; edeluca@cfa.harvard.edu; lgolub@cfa.harvard.edu RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 20 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 567 IS 1 BP L89 EP L92 DI 10.1086/339796 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525BT UT WOS:000174047900021 ER PT J AU Landi, E Feldman, U Dere, KP AF Landi, E Feldman, U Dere, KP TI CHIANTI - An atomic database for emission lines. V. Comparison with an isothermal spectrum observed with SUMER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; SOLAR EQUATORIAL PLANE; SUN CORONAL PLASMAS; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; = 0 TRANSITIONS; BE-LIKE IONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET AB CHIANTI is a database consisting of critically evaluated atomic data and transition probabilities necessary to analyze spectral observations of optically thin plasmas. Previous papers described the content of the database and compared it to a solar active region spectrum between 170 and 450 Angstrom. The aim of the present paper is to compare CHIANTI predictions to off-disk spectral observations of the solar corona between 500 and 1500 Angstrom. The observed spectra were recorded by the SUMER instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory using the full spectral range allowed by the instrument. Earlier works have demonstrated that the particular emitting plasma is isothermal at a temperature of 1.35 x 10(6) K, making it ideal for the assessment of the accuracy of the CHIANTI database. This assessment of the CHIANTI database allowed us (1) to select lines and ions for which the agreement between theory and observation is good, (2) to identify several lines which are blended, and (3) to stress inconsistencies between a few lines and theory, thus showing where improvements to atomic data and transition probabilities are necessary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7600A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 67 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 139 IS 1 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1086/337949 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WH UT WOS:000174210600009 ER PT J AU Doron, R Feldman, U Doschek, GA Bar-Shalom, A AF Doron, R Feldman, U Doschek, GA Bar-Shalom, A TI An inquiry into the nature of spectra from hot astrophysical plasma abnormally enriched with mercury SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE line : identification; stars : chemically peculiar; techniques : spectroscopic; ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; STARS; CATALOG; IONS AB Observatories such as Chandra, XMM-Newton, and more likely future instruments with higher effective collecting area of radiation will offer the opportunity to study the nature of chemically peculiar sources using observations in the X-ray and EUV range. In the present work we explore the possibility to observe the spectral signature of highly stripped Hg ions that might be present in possible coronae or winds of HgMn stars. A systematic theoretical survey of the most intense X-ray spectral features predicted to be emitted by H-like to Pd-like Hg ions (Hg+79 Hg+34) is performed. The calculated intensities ( photons s(-1) ion(-1)) of the various spectral features of the Hg ions are compared to the intensities calculated for the lines of Fe ions that may be observed in the same range of the X-ray spectrum, but not necessarily from the same temperature domain. Fe lines corresponding to transitions from the L electronic shell were already observed in the coronae of stars, e.g., by Chandra in Capella. Assuming a similar abundance for Hg and Fe ions, many of the calculated Hg lines are found to be of comparable intensity to the Fe lines and in some cases stronger by about a factor of 20. We also discuss possible density and temperature diagnostic applications for some of the Hg lines. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Doron, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670D, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 139 IS 1 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1086/337950 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WH UT WOS:000174210600010 ER PT J AU Menon, S Saxena, VK Durkee, P Wenny, BN Nielsen, K AF Menon, S Saxena, VK Durkee, P Wenny, BN Nielsen, K TI Role of sulfate aerosols in modifying the cloud albedo: a closure experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sulfate aerosols; cloud microphysics; cloud reflectivity; satellite retrievals; closure experiment ID CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; EFFECTIVE-RADIUS; SOLAR-RADIATION; SOUTHEASTERN US; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OPTICAL DEPTH; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE MODEL; DROPLET; SENSITIVITY AB At a remote mountain-top location in the southeastern US, measurements were made to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to the cloud albedo. The influence of the long-range transport of anthropogenic emissions on cloud microphysical and optical properties at the mountain top site was investigated. The sources of the cloud forming air masses were determined from back-trajectory analysis. Cloud water sulfate content was used as a surrogate for anthropogenic pollution. The effects of particulate sulfate on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration, cloud droplet number concentration (N), cloud droplet effective radii (R-eff) and cloud albedo were analyzed. A non-linear relationship between CCN and sulfate mass was obtained with a lowered sensitivity of CCN at high values of sulfate. Differences in N and sulfate from polluted to less polluted type air masses were much larger than that in R-eff. This could be due to the variability in cloud liquid water content (LWC) as R-eff is more related to LWC and cloud thickness than is N. The variability in cloud liquid water path (LWP) results in the optical depth being more sensitive to changes in R-eff than to N for differences in cloud pollutant content. As part of a "closure experiment", the cloud albedo calculated from in situ measurements for a 3-year period (1993-1995) compared well with that inferred from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. This accomplishes the objective of our closure experiment and proves that albedo of non-precipitating, thin, isolated clouds can be resolved against the dark forested background by AVHRR. The cloud reflectivity inferred from satellite measurements and that calculated from in situ observations were found to vary with the cloud water sulfate and N. Non-linear increases in satellite inferred cloud albedo with LWP suggest the importance of determining the contribution of cloud dynamic feedbacks on the indirect effect. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Saxena, VK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM saxena@eos.ncsu.edu NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 61 IS 3 BP 169 EP 187 AR PII S0169-8095(01)00140-5 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00140-5 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 533JH UT WOS:000174525800001 ER PT J AU Dickinson, RE Zebiak, SE Anderson, JL Blackmon, ML De Luca, C Hogan, TF Iredell, M Ji, M Rood, RB Suarez, MJ Taylor, KE AF Dickinson, RE Zebiak, SE Anderson, JL Blackmon, ML De Luca, C Hogan, TF Iredell, M Ji, M Rood, RB Suarez, MJ Taylor, KE TI How can we advance our weather and climate models as a community? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB An argument is made for greater emphasis on shared infrastructure and commonality in codes and data. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Boulder, CO USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM robted@eas.gatech.edu RI Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011 OI Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 83 IS 3 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0431:HCWAOW>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 537HC UT WOS:000174752000022 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Towards nonadditive quantum information theory SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID SEPARABILITY; STATES AB A definition of the nonadditive (nonextensive) conditional entropy indexed by q is presented. Based on the composition law in terms of it, the Shannon-Khinchin axioms are generalized and the uniqueness theorem is established for the Tsallis entropy. The nonadditive conditional entropy, when considered in the quantum context, is always positive for separable states but takes negative values for entangled states, indicating its utility for characterizing entanglement. A criterion deduced from it for separability of the density matrix is examined in detail by employing a bipartite spin-1/2 system. It is found that the strongest criterion for separability obtained by Peres using an algebraic method is recovered in the present information-theoretic approach in the limit q --> infinity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(01)00046-7 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 480FB UT WOS:000171450400007 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Abe, S AF Rajagopal, AK Abe, S TI Statistical mechanical foundations for systems with nonexponential distributions SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article AB Traditionally the exponential canonical distributions of Gibbsian statistical mechanics are given theoretical justification in at least four different ways: steepest descent method, counting method, Khinchin's method based on the central limit theorem, and maximum entropy principle of Jaynes. Equally ubiquitous power-law canonical distributions are shown to be given similar justification by appropriately adopting these formulations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(01)00036-4 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 480FB UT WOS:000171450400019 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Smith, B McKeehan, JA Hawksworth, AW Malasig, MD AF Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Smith, B McKeehan, JA Hawksworth, AW Malasig, MD TI Large epidemic of respiratory illness due to adenovirus types 7 and 3 in healthy young adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID US-ARMY TRAINEES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME TYPES; MILITARY TRAINEES; LIVE TYPE-7; DISEASE; INFECTION; CHILDREN; PNEUMONIA; OUTBREAK AB After 25 years of successful control through immunization, respiratory infections due to adenoviruses have reemerged to threaten the health of young adults in the military. Shortly after the loss of adenovirus vaccine supplies, a large outbreak of respiratory illness was observed at the United States Navy's sole basic training center. Laboratory testing confirmed 541 cases of adenovirus infection, including 378 cases due to serotype 7 and 132 cases due to serotype 3. This outbreak was remarkable because of its unique serotype distribution and the large amount of data available to describe demographic factors associated with infection. This was the largest outbreak of respiratory illness due to adenovirus types 7 and 3 documented in recent history, and it portends even greater challenges for young adults in the military in the postvaccine era. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 73 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1086/338471 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 518PT UT WOS:000173677600003 PM 11803503 ER PT J AU Boris, J AF Boris, J TI The threat of chemical and biological terrorism: Preparing a response SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLOW; OBSTACLES; CUBE AB When a deadly contaminant is released in a city, the window of time for meaningful response is brief. High-performance computing can play a major role in preparing an effective response. This article describes one such effort, which exploits detailed 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations of the airflow in buildings and cities. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6400,Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM boris@lcp.nri.navy.mil NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 EI 1558-366X J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1109/5992.988644 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800007 ER PT J AU Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Rhodes, RC Shriver, JF Smedstad, OM AF Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Rhodes, RC Shriver, JF Smedstad, OM TI Real-time ocean modeling systems SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed the world's first eddy-resolving global ocean nowcast and forecast system. It uses satellite observations and an ocean model running on a high-performance-computing platform to enhance real-time knowledge of the marine environment in which naval submarines and ships must operate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Large Scale Modeling Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Monitoring & Predict Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1109/5992.988648 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800010 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Teague, WJ AF Johnson, DR Teague, WJ TI Observations of the Korea Strait bottom cold water SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TSUSHIMA STRAIT; FORECAST MODEL AB In this study, a set of 13 bottom mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers with temperature and pressure sensors were deployed in the Korea Strait for 11 months in 1999-2000. The overall purpose of the project was to understand the linkages between the East Asian marginal seas. Our focus in this paper is on an intrusion of bottom cold water from the East Sea which appears on the western side of the Korea Strait (Korea Strait Bottom Cold Water, KSBCW). In contrast to previous work, we did not find a yearly cycle in its appearance with maximum in summer and minimum in winter. Rather, sustained intrusions occurred in May/June and again in December/January. Bottom currents during the times of its appearance showed only limited advective intrusion with recycling back to the East Sea. Monthly scale bottom temperature records in the intrusion area were negatively correlated with the cross-strait bottom pressure anomaly, a measure of geostrophic transport through the Strait, Our hypothesis is that when geostrophic transport is low the bottom cold water intrudes, and when it is high the cold water is prevented from intruding. Prediction of the bottom cold water appearance, then, would depend on prediction of the geostrophic transport. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM djohnson@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 821 EP 831 AR PII S0278-4343(01)00099-1 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00099-1 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 550MW UT WOS:000175507700008 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Jouet, RJ George, CF AF Purdy, AP Jouet, RJ George, CF TI Ammonothermal recrystallization of gallium nitride with acidic mineralizers SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; CUBIC GAN; BULK GAN; GROWTH; CRYSTALS; CYCLOTRIGALLAZANE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; MICROSCOPY; CONVERSION; CHEMISTRY AB Crystals of cubic GaN (c-GaN) were grown ammonothermally using hexagonal gallium nitride as a nutrient. h-GaN was sealed in a quartz tube with anhydrous ammonia, an acid (NH4X; X = Cl, Br, I), and in some cases a lithium halide (LiX). The bottom of the tube was heated to 470-510 degreesC in a vertically oriented pressure vessel containing a hydrostatic pressure of 30000-40000 psi. The thermal gradient was approximately -10 degreesC/cm. h-GaN dissolved in the hot zone and GaN crystals deposited in the cooler zone near the top of the tube. Most (> 80%) of the deposit was c-GaN for most of the experimental conditions studied, but the hexagonal form was a persistent contaminant. When LiX was used as a co-mineralizer triangular prisms of c-GaN often grew. Triangular prismatic needles of c-GaN grew in a (1 (1) over bar1) direction in experiments containing a low concentration (0.28 mol %) of NH4Cl, a larger concentration (2.0 mol %) of LiCl, and a 55% fill factor. The crystals were tapered, becoming wider as they grew, and crystals of up to 0.1 mm in width were obtained. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6125,4555 Overlook AV,SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1021/cg015557k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 533MJ UT WOS:000174533900011 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS AF Johnstone, PAS TI Photodynamic therapy - Foreword SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Radiat Oncol Div, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Radiat Oncol Div, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 567KD UT WOS:000176483200001 ER PT J AU Atkinson, JC Diamond, F Eichmiller, F Selwitz, R Jones, G AF Atkinson, JC Diamond, F Eichmiller, F Selwitz, R Jones, G TI Stability of bisphenol A, triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate, and bisphenol A dimethacrylate in whole saliva SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE bisphenol a; bisphenol A dimethacrylate; saliva; dental material; dental sealant ID ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGEN BISPHENOL; IN-VITRO; DENTAL COMPOSITES; CELL-LINE; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; BIODEGRADATION; SEALANTS; RELEASE; VIVO AB Objectives: This study investigated the stability of compounds of dental sealant materials in a salivary matrix. Methods: Various amounts of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BIS-DMA) or triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were added to whole salivary samples, and stored at -70degreesC or -20degreesC for up to 4 months. In other experiments, four separate whole salivary or water samples with BIS-DMA (200 ng/ml) were incubated for 0, 1, 2, 4 or 24 h at 37degreesC. Levels of analytes were determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: BPA was stable under all tested conditions. Samples originally containing BIS-DMA had high levels of BPA and almost no BIS-DMA after 4 months at -20degreesC. Salivary samples incubated at 37degreesC originally containing only BIS-DMA (200 ng/ml) demonstrated rapid decreases of BIS-DMA and increases of BPA. By 24 h, the mean BIS-DMA concentration fell to 21.8 (25) ng/ml, while BPA increased to 100 (48) ng/ml. Only slight decreases in BIS-DMA and no BPA were present in the water samples incubated at 37degreesC. BPA, BIS-DMA, and TEGDMA were stable if salivary samples were stored at -70degreesC. Acidification of salivary samples prevented the breakdown of BIS-DMA. Significance: BIS-DMA is converted rapidly to BPA in the presence of whole saliva. This could account for the findings of BPA in clinical samples collected after the placement of certain sealant products. Decreasing salivary pH and temperature can slow this process and this method should be used for clinical studies of salivary BPA leached from restorative materials. (C) 2002 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Med Serv, Willow Grove, PA USA. Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Off Sci Policy & Anal, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Atkinson, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Clin Affairs, Room 3E-32,666 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 AR PII S-0109-5641(01)00031-8 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(01)00031-8 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 529RD UT WOS:000174311600005 PM 11755591 ER PT J AU Tucker, JB Mitra, S Papanicolaou, N Siripuram, A Rao, MV Holland, OW AF Tucker, JB Mitra, S Papanicolaou, N Siripuram, A Rao, MV Holland, OW TI Nitrogen and phosphorus implanted MESFETs in semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond Diamond-Like Materials Carbon Nanotubes Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE SiC; MESFET; ion-implantation; annealing ID ION-IMPLANTATION AB Nitrogen and phosphorus ion implantation were used to fabricate 2 mum gate length, n-channel Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistors (MESFETs) in semi-insulating bulk 4H-SiC. In order to create the channel region, either nitrogen or phosphorus ion-implantations was performed to a depth of 300 run at room temperature to a volumetric concentration of 5 X 10(17) cm(-3). The source/drain regions were created by nitrogen implantation to a volumetric concentration of 2 X 10(19) cm(-3), regardless of the species used for the channel implantation. Annealing for a duration of 15 min at 1450 degreesC (for nitrogen-implanted channels) or 1500 degreesC (for phosphorus-implanted channels) activated the implants. This study utilized aluminum Schottky gates for the FETs. Both the nitrogen and phosphorus-implanted channel MESFETS exhibited pinch-off voltages at approximately 18 V and the drain saturation currents between 30 and 40 mA. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 392 EP 395 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00610-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00610-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300022 ER PT J AU Charles, SJ Steeds, JW Evans, DJF Lawson, S Butler, JE AF Charles, SJ Steeds, JW Evans, DJF Lawson, S Butler, JE TI Characterisation of electron irradiated boron-doped diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond Diamond-Like Materials Carbon Nanotubes Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE diamond defects; boron doping; photoluminescence; vacancy complexes AB Various boron-doped polycrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and single crystal high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) diamonds of different doping levels have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) electron irradiation and subsequent study by low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy in a Renishaw microspectrometer. Several new optical centres have been discovered that have only been seen in irradiated B-doped diamonds that are evidently closely related, with zero phonon lines at 635.7, 651.2 and 666.0 nm. UV laser irradiation causes inter-centre conversion. In the presence of the 666.0-nm centre, the 635.7-nm centre grows enormously at the expense of the 666.0-nm centre at temperatures above 100 K and the initial relative intensities of these centres determine the details of the temperature dependence. Other unrelated centres are also normally obtained with zero phonon lines at 506.0, 648.0 and 732 ran. The 648.0-mn centre evidently has an associated local mode. Polycrystalline CVD samples of B-doped diamond were examined at DTC Maidenhead to measure the free and boron-bound excitons of the samples and surface maps of the intensity were created. These quantitative results show that the boron level varies from grain to grain by up to 10 times presumably as a result of facet orientation on each crystallite. This detail corresponds exactly with the contrast shown under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) under low beam currents; however, after a long exposure to the electron beam the contrast in the SEM changes to show much larger structures that are believed to be related to grain clusters with a common growth direction (while the exciton map remains constant). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. DTC Res Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, WA USA. RP Charles, SJ (reprint author), HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 681 EP 685 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00552-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00552-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300079 ER PT J AU Wotherspoon, A Steeds, JW Coleman, P Wolverson, D Davies, J Lawson, S Butler, J AF Wotherspoon, A Steeds, JW Coleman, P Wolverson, D Davies, J Lawson, S Butler, J TI Photoluminescence studies of type IIa and nitrogen doped CVD diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond Diamond-Like Materials Carbon Nanotubes Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE photoluminescence; electron irradiation; N doped CVD diamond; 3H centre; dose dependence ID VACANCY; MICROSCOPY; CENTERS; STATES AB Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried out on CVD, type IIa and high purity HPHT diamond samples irradiated with electrons of energies between 150 and 300 KeV; near threshold energies for carbon displacement. The majority of PL spectra are obtained using a 488-nm lasing line, with samples cooled to approximately 7 K. Of particular interest is the behaviour of the self-interstitial related centre, 3H, at 503.5 nm. The centre is particularly sensitive; its formation varies significantly with dose and dose rate and is severely quenched with incident laser power in excess of 10 mW 3H is the dominant centre in highly doped (50-100 ppm) nitrogen samples, for doses between (10(19)-10(20)) el/cm(2), but reduces with higher doses. In lower nitrogen (few ppm) samples, the centre is considerably weaker after equivalent doses, comparable to the Raman line. In type IIa crystals, creation of 3H varies considerably from sample to sample. Upon annealing, 3H is at an optimum between 310 and 330 T for type IIa diamonds and vanishes by 400 degreesC. Indications show these temperatures increase slightly as nitrogen content is increased. Migration of the centre well outside the irradiated area is frequent, tens of microns after irradiation and hundreds of microns post annealing. Other centres of interest include GR1, the neutral diamond vacancy, which is found to be created linearly with dose and be rate independent. Using 325 and 457.9 nm lines the TR12 centre was studied. It has a strong dose rate dependence, growing as dose rate raised to a power of approximately 2 and is unaffected by annealing up to 700 degreesC. A 244-nm line was used to study the 5RL centre and contrary to some reports was observed in samples containing approximately 0.1 ppm of nitrogen. PL provides an extremely sensitive way of measuring the nitrogen concentration in diamond, to levels of less than 0.1 ppm. The problem remains how to obtain an accurate measurement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wotherspoon, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 692 EP 696 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00618-5 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00618-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300081 ER PT J AU Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE AF Mora, AE Steeds, JW Butler, JE TI Grain boundaries in boron-doped CVD diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond Diamond-Like Materials Carbon Nanotubes Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE chemical vapour deposition (CVD); characterization; transmission electron microscopy; defects ID GROWTH AB In this investication, grain boundaries have been studied in high-quality polycrystalline B-doped CVD diamond films by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples were predominantly grown in <110> or <211> growth directions and the boron doping range was approximately 10(18) cm(-3). Selected-area diffraction (SAD) was taken for each grain in a cluster in order to find the relative misorientations. Sigma3, Sigma9 and Sigma27 coincident site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries were found and they combined to form symmetrical and asymmetrical tri-junctions, quadri- and penta-junctions. Three different types of symmetrical tri-junctions were identified, one of them (obtuse tri-junction) having a very high defect density that is apparently previously unreported. Another (13, 19 and 27 tri-junction) commonly occurs in the dissociation of higher junctions (four- and five-fold junction). The two different growth directions led to different kinds of junctions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steeds, JW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 697 EP 702 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00590-8 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00590-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300082 ER PT J AU Erdman, DD Xu, WH Gerber, SI Gray, GC Schnurr, D Kajon, AE Anderson, LJ AF Erdman, DD Xu, WH Gerber, SI Gray, GC Schnurr, D Kajon, AE Anderson, LJ TI Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 7 in the United States, 1966-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; US-ARMY TRAINEES; GENOME TYPES; SOUTH-AMERICA; CHILDREN; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; SEROTYPE-7; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB Genetic variation among 166 isolates of human adenovirus 7 (Ad7) obtained from 1966 to 2000 from the United States and Eastern Ontario, Canada, was determined by genome restriction analysis. Most (65%) isolates were identified as Ad7b. Two genome types previously undocumented in North America were also identified: Ad7d2 (28%), which first appeared in 1993 and was later identified throughout the Midwest and Northeast of the United States and in Canada; and Ad7h (2%), which was identified only in the U.S. Southwest in 1998 and 2000. Since 1996, Ad7d2 has been responsible for several civilian outbreaks of Ad7 disease and was the primary cause of a large outbreak of respiratory illness at a military recruit training center. The appearance of Ad7d2 and Ad7h in North America represents recent introduction of these viruses from previously geographically restricted areas and may herald a shift in predominant genome type circulating in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 52 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 531UC UT WOS:000174434800007 PM 11927024 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TD AF O'Brien, TD TI Hand imagery, masculinity, and narrative authority in The 'Book of Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere' SO ENGLISH LANGUAGE NOTES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 125 HELLEMS BLDG, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 0013-8282 J9 ENGL LANG NOTES JI Engl. Lang. Notes PD MAR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Literature SC Literature GA 538YL UT WOS:000174842700001 ER PT J AU Beer, J Blakemore, C Previc, FH Liotti, M AF Beer, J Blakemore, C Previc, FH Liotti, M TI Areas of the human brain activated by ambient visual motion, indicating three kinds of self-movement SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vision; self-motion; optic flow; area KO; human ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; ACCESSORY OPTIC-SYSTEM; MACAQUE MONKEY; FLOW STIMULI; MST NEURONS; PET IMAGES; DIRECTION; CORTEX; FIELD AB In a positron emission tomography (PET) study, a very large visual display was used to simulate continuous observer roll, yaw, and linear movement in depth. A global analysis based on all three experiments identified brain areas that responded to the three conditions' shared characteristic of coherent, wide-field motion versus incoherent motion. Several areas were identified, in the posterior-inferior temporal cortex (Brodmann area 37), paralimbic cortex, pulvinar, and midbrain tegmentum. In addition, occipital region KO was sensitive to roll and expansion but not yaw (i.e., coherent displays containing differential flow). Continuous ambient motion did not activate V5/MT selectively. The network of sites responding specifically to coherent motion contrasted with the extensive, contiguous activation that both coherent and incoherent motion elicited in visual areas V1, V2, and V3. The coherent motion mechanisms. furthermore, extended beyond the traditional dorsal pathway proposed to account for visual motion processing, and included subcortical and limbic structures, which are implicated in polysensory processing, posture regulation, and arousal. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol, Oxford, England. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Biodynam & Protect Div,Flight Mot Effects Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Imaging Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Beer, J (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, 8301 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0014-4819 J9 EXP BRAIN RES JI Exp. Brain Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s00221-001-0947-y PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 536KD UT WOS:000174698500009 PM 11907693 ER PT J AU Gu, YC Gorelik, J Spohr, HA Shevchuk, A Lab, MJ Harding, SE Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Korchev, YE AF Gu, YC Gorelik, J Spohr, HA Shevchuk, A Lab, MJ Harding, SE Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Korchev, YE TI High-resolution scanning patch-clamp: new insights into cell function SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE calcium channels; chloride channels; potassium channels; cardiomyocyte; neuron; sperm; patch-clamp; scanning probe microscopy ID ION CONDUCTANCE MICROSCOPY; RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; CHLORIDE CHANNELS; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; CA2+ CHANNELS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SODIUM-CHANNELS; LIVING CELLS; CL CHANNELS AB Cell specialization is often governed by the spatial distribution of ion channels and receptors on the cell surface. So far, little is known about functional ion channel localization. This is due to a lack of satisfactory methods for investigating ion channels in an intact cell and simultaneously determining the channels' positions accurately. We have developed a novel high-resolution scanning patch-clamp technique that enables the study of ion channels, not only in small cells, such as sperm, but in submicrometer cellular structures, such as epithelial microvilli, fine neuronal dendrites, and, particularly, T-tubule openings of cardiac myocytes. In cardiac myocytes, as in most excitable cells, action potential propagation depends essentially on the properties of ion channels that are functionally and spatially coupled. We found that the L-type calcium and chloride channels are distributed and colocalized in the region of T-tubule openings, but not in other regions of the myocyte. In addition, chloride channels were found in narrowly defined regions of Z-grooves. This finding suggests a new synergism between these types of channels that may be relevant for action potential propagation along the T-tubule system and excitation-contraction coupling. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, Fac Med, London W12 0NN, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Korchev, YE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, Fac Med, Hammersmith Campus,Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, England. EM y.korchev@ic.ac.uk RI Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009; OI Korchev, Yuri/0000-0002-4872-8696; Klenerman, David/0000-0001-7116-6954 NR 41 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 748 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.01-1024fje PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 537JV UT WOS:000174755900002 PM 11923226 ER PT J AU Grgurevich, S Boothby, T Manseck, H Burroughs, C Cegelka, S Bernecker, C Ritter, MA AF Grgurevich, S Boothby, T Manseck, H Burroughs, C Cegelka, S Bernecker, C Ritter, MA TI A comparative study of wood highway sound barriers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Prototype designs for wood highway sound barriers meeting the multiple criteria of structural integrity, acoustic effectiveness, durability, and potential for public acceptance have been developed. Existing installations of wood sound barriers were reviewed and measurements conducted in the field to estimate acoustic insertion losses. A complete matrix of design options for wood barriers was developed into a set of 35-mm slides along, with several concrete designs, and presented in a controlled test to a group of human subjects for evaluation. Results of this testing showed that the wood barrier designs present an acceptable appearance, both to the driver and to the community behind the barrier. Moreover, the tests indicate a preference for moderate relief treatment, or a variety of design elements that are simple in plan layout and panel orientation. The results of the human subject and acoustic testing have been incorporated into a modified design matrix of wood barriers with common details, allowing for a systematic approach to the design of several types of sound barriers. A prototype barrier was built and its acoustic insertion loss measured with horizontal gaps between panels, without gaps and without a T-top, and without gaps with a T-top. C1 USN Acad, Publ Works Dept, Div Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Anderson Bjornstad Kane & Jacobs, Anchorage, AK USA. Lighting Educ Consultants, Exton, PA 19341 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Grgurevich, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Publ Works Dept, Div Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 52 IS 3 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 534BQ UT WOS:000174565100004 ER PT J AU Frantzich, S AF Frantzich, S TI Watching the watchers - The nature and content of campaign ad watches SO HARVARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS LA English DT Article AB Since David Broder issued a challenge to journalists after the 1988 presidential campaign to move from being "color commentators" to "referees," political campaign ad watches have proliferated. This article uses originally coded data to empirically document the growth, increasing diversity,and content of all original print ad watches from the 1992,1996, and 2000 election cycles. Testing a series of standard political communication hypotheses,the analysis indicates that while ad watches have increased in frequency, source, and target, they have been molded more to emphasize the strategic aspect of advertising than to evaluate the veracity of content. Systematic bias emerges in the form of local sources' being easier on local incumbents, a penchant for carrying out ad watches on negative ads, and treating Democratic ads more favorably than Republican. C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Frantzich, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1081-180X J9 HARV INT J PRESS-POL JI Harv. Int. J. Press-Polit. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 7 IS 2 BP 34 EP 57 PG 24 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA 549PH UT WOS:000175452900004 ER PT J AU Nelson, SH AF Nelson, SH TI The West's moral obligation to assist developing nations in the fight against HIV/AIDS SO HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Africa; AIDS; assistance; debt; development; ethics; HIV; poverty; prevention; Zimbabwe ID ZIMBABWE; AIDS; HIV AB The HIV/AIDS epidemic is increasingly a disease of the disadvantaged, a destroyer of nations, and a threat to global security and well-being. But this need not be so: the world has the scientific knowledge, technological innovations, and financial resources to significantly reduce the spread and suffering caused by the disease. This paper argues that the wealthy nations of the world, led by the United States, have a moral obligation to offer much greater assistance to developing countries where the epidemic is most severe. Using Zimbabwe as a case study, this essay examines the immediate and underlying factors behind the epidemic in order to make realistic and affordable policy recommendations that include new investments in global health care, debt relief, and long-term economic development. By demonstrating our ability to dramatically affect the future course and consequences of this unprecedented epidemic, the paper concludes that greater action is not only in the interest of public health, but is also a moral imperative. By investing the necessary resources to improve public health and to reduce global poverty, we promote and extend the fundamental rights and values that we profess to hold dear. C1 USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nelson, SH (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1065-3058 J9 HEALTH CARE ANAL JI Health Care Anal. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 87 EP 108 DI 10.1023/A:1015622531388 PG 22 WC Ethics; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 555PQ UT WOS:000175802800007 PM 15971570 ER PT J AU Cantrell, B de Graaf, J Willwerth, F Meurer, G Leibowitz, L Parris, C Stapleton, R AF Cantrell, B de Graaf, J Willwerth, F Meurer, G Leibowitz, L Parris, C Stapleton, R TI Development of a Digital Array Radar (DAR) SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Twenty-first century littoral and open-sea missions present US Navy (USN) shipboard-radar systems with the challenge of detecting small targets in severe clutter and against multiple sources of interference. In Fiscal Year 2000 (FY00), the Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored a program to develop an active array radar that includes a digital beamforming (DBF) architecture. The DBF radar system has the potential for improved time-energy management, improved signal-to-clutter (S/C) ratios, improved reliability and reduced life-cycle costs. This paper summarizes the latest developments of the program during FY00. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. SFA, Adv Technol Div, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1109/62.990350 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 528RX UT WOS:000174257800006 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Vurgraftman, I Meyer, JR Xu, SM Kang, JU AF Khurgin, JB Vurgraftman, I Meyer, JR Xu, SM Kang, JU TI Reduced crosstalk semiconductor optical amplifiers based on type-II quantum wells SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE crosstalk; semiconductor optical amplifier; type II quantum wells ID LASER AB It is shown theoretically that semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with type-II quantum-well active regions in SOAs will have up to 10 dB lower interchannel crosstalk at high (>2.5 Gb/s) data rates. That reduction is attained via the corresponding increase in saturation energy without any reduction in the efficiency. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Kang, Jin/A-3228-2010; khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 278 EP 280 AR PII S1041-1135(02)01207-7 DI 10.1109/68.986785 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 525QB UT WOS:000174081500006 ER PT J AU Lou, JW Carruthers, TF Currie, M AF Lou, JW Carruthers, TF Currie, M TI Mode-locked multiple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser in a sigma configuration SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE erbium lasers; fiber lasers; fiber-optic sources; mode-locked lasers; tunable lasers ID DUAL-WAVELENGTH; BRAGG GRATINGS; RING LASER; 10-GHZ AB In this letter, we demonstrate a multiple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber sigma laser, actively mode-locked at a repetition rate of 960 MHz. Time-bandwidth products of 0.3 and 0.31 are obtained for pulses at 1538 and 1541.5 nm, respectively. Wavelength separation is tunable from 3.5 to 24 nm. Amplitude fluctuations less than 0.5% and high-frequency timing jitter less than 68 fs (1 kHz to 1 MHz) are measured. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1109/68.986786 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 525QB UT WOS:000174081500007 ER PT J AU Gordon, WB Bilow, HJ AF Gordon, WB Bilow, HJ TI Reduction of surface integrals to contour integrals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic theory; integration (mathematics); numerical analysis; physical optics (PO) ID HIGH-FREQUENCY APPROXIMATIONS AB The closed-form reduction of surface integrals to contour integrals has potential applications to the numerical solution of scattering problems. The standard mathematical technique for the reduction of a general surface integral requires the solution of a partial differential equation of the Poisson type. In this paper, we show how the reduction can be accomplished by calculating an indefinite integral of type integral f (t) dt, where f = f (t) is a known function in a single variable t. C1 SFA Inc, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, WB (reprint author), SFA Inc, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 308 EP 311 AR PII S0018-926X(02)02624-8 DI 10.1109/8.999621 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 548GL UT WOS:000175380200007 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Using the cyclostationary properties of chaotic signals for comniunications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE chaos; communication; cyclostationary ID DIGITAL-COMMUNICATIONS; SYNCHRONIZATION; CIRCUITS; MODULATION; CHANNELS AB Cyclostationary signals have an expectation value which varies periodically in time. Chaotic signals that have large components at some discrete frequencies in their power spectra can be cyclostationary. The cyclostationarity persists even if the discrete frequency components are removed from the chaotic signal, leaving a signal with a purely broad band frequency spectrum. In this brief, a communications system is created by modulating information onto the periodic parts of a chaotic signal and then removing the periodic parts from the frequency spectrum. At the receiver, the periodic parts of the spectrum are restored by means of a nonlinear operation. This system is demonstrated both in simulations and real circuits, and the performance of this system is measured in simulations. Finally, some of the reasons why such a scheme might be useful are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 EI 1558-0806 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 AR PII S1057-7122(02)02272-9 DI 10.1109/81.989171 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 528XR UT WOS:000174270700013 ER PT J AU Styer, D Pace, PE AF Styer, D Pace, PE TI Two-channel RSNS dynamic range SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE dynamic range; Gray code properties; residue number system; robust symmetrical number system ID SYMMETRICAL NUMBER SYSTEM; PREPROCESSING ARCHITECTURE AB Symmetrical number systems have been explored for many applications in both analog and digital signal processing due to the common availability of symmetrical folding waveforms (e.g., cos(2)). The robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is a modular scheme in which the integer values within each modulus, when considered together, change one at a time at the next code position (Gray code properties). Although the RSNS has a smaller dynamic range than the optimum symmetrical number system, the RSNS Gray code properties make it particularly attractive for error control. In the past, computer search algorithms have been used to determine the RSNS dynamic range (length of unambiguous vectors). In this brief, we define the two-channel RSNS and present a theorem that gives its dynamic range for relatively prime moduli m(1), m(2), less than or equal to m(1) < m(2). C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 EI 1558-0806 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 395 EP 397 AR PII S1057-7122(02)02277-8 DI 10.1109/81.989178 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 528XR UT WOS:000174270700020 ER PT J AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Nesti, G AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Nesti, G TI Surface roughness and slope measurements using polarimetric SAR data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE radar polarimetry; slopes; surface roughness; synthetic aperature radar (SAR) ID COMPENSATION; SCATTERING AB In this paper, the circular polarization coherence, rho(RRLL), is investigated as a potential estimator of terrain surface roughness and small-scale slopes. The studies utilize microwave backscatter collected from 1) dielectric surfaces in an anechoic chamber and 2) a desert test site using P-, L-, and C-band NASA/JPL AIRSAR data. These experimental studies and supporting theory, indicate a sensitive decrease of \rho(RRLL)\ with increasing surface roughness ks over a range 0 less than or equal to ks less than or equal to 1. For the present studies this decrease is caused largely by the depolarizing effects of small-scale surface slopes in the azimuth direction rather than by volume, or multiple scatter. For cases when the scatter is reflection symmetric, the value of \rho(RRLL)\ depends on the surface roughness and on the local incidence angle. The dependence of \rho(RRLL)\ on the local incidence angle is supported by theory and experimental results. For these same scattering cases, however, \rho(RRLL)\ is independent of the surface dielectric constant. Estimation of the functional dependency of \rho(RRLL)\ versus ks, for a mid-range incidence angle, has been carried out using roughness estimates derived from an empirical model. Further studies, involving more incidence angles, are required to develop a complete model to invert the data. Additional results show that the Re[rho(RRLL)] is often preferable over \rho(RRLL)\ as a roughness estimator when scatter occurs from vegetated areas. A comparison between Re[rho(RRLL)] and a related polarimetric parameter, the anisotropy A, indicates that for scatter having ks less than or equal to 0.5, Re[rho(RRLL)] is a more sensitive estimator of surface roughness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EC Joint Res Ctr, European Microwave Signature Lab, Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 687 EP 698 AR PII S0196-2892(02)03362-4 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1000328 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 551GZ UT WOS:000175552900016 ER PT J AU Rowe, NC Zaky, A AF Rowe, NC Zaky, A TI Load balancing of parallelized information filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE information filtering; data parallelism; load balancing; information retrieval; conjunctions; optimality; and Monte Carlo methods ID RETRIEVAL AB We investigate the data-parallel implementation of a set of "information filters" used to rule out uninteresting data from a database or data stream. We develop an analytic model for the costs and advantages of load rebalancing for the parallel filtering processes, as well as a quick heuristic for its desirability. Our model uses binomial models of the filter processes and fits key parameters to the results of extensive simulations. Experiments confirm our model. Rebalancing should pay off whenever processor communications costs are high. Further experiments showed it can also pay off even with low communications costs for 16-64 processes and 1-10 data items per processor; then, imbalances can increase processing time by up to 52 percent in representative cases, and rebalancing can increase it by 78 percent, so our quick predictive model can be valuable. Results also show that our proposed heuristic rebalancing criterion gives close to optimal balancing, We also extend our model to handle variations in filter processing time per data item. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. ARC Cores Inc, San Jose, CA 95119 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Code CS-Rp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1109/69.991730 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 528CH UT WOS:000174226200019 ER PT J AU Skolnik, M AF Skolnik, M TI Role of radar in microwaves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE history; radar AB Radar has been highly influenced by the technology of microwaves, and likewise the development of microwaves has been significantly affected by the needs of radar. This paper addresses the relation between the two. It begins by briefly describing the introduction of microwave radar in World War H that was a major factor in the Allies achieving success in air defense and antisubmarine warfare. Microwave radar developments during and after the war are reviewed, along with a listing of current military and civilian applications. The dependence of modern radar on digital processing (with clock rates at microwave frequencies), high-power transmitters, and sophisticated antennas is discussed. The paper concludes by mentioning possible future directions for radar, and briefly describes two examples of future radar system opportunities. These are the ubiquitous radar (one that looks everywhere all the time so as to allow simultaneous rather than sequential performance of multiple functions), and high-power transportable millimeter-wave radar based on the gyroklystron amplifier. The message of this paper is that microwaves and radar have mutually benefited from one another and that radar still offers many opportunities for microwave engineers to demonstrate their ingenuity and creativity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Skolnik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 625 EP 632 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01984-1 DI 10.1109/22.989947 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500004 ER PT J AU Spezio, AE AF Spezio, AE TI Electronic warfare systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE terms-circuit functions; complex modulation; cooperative sensors; counter countermeasures; countermeasures; digital receiver technology; electrooptic/infrared; electromagnetic environment; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic attack; electronic self-protection; electronic support; electronic surveillance; electronic warfare; filters; high-gain antenna; improved signal processing; independent sensors; isotropic antenna; offboard countermeasures; phased-array antennas; pulse code modulation; radar advancement; response techniques; sensor technology; spectral selectivity; subsystems sensors; threat systems; triangulation AB Electronic warfare (EW) is an important capability that can advance desired military, diplomatic, and economic objectives or, conversely, impede undesired ones. In a military application, EW provides the means to counter, in all battle phases, hostile actions that involve the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum-from the beginning when enemy forces are mobilized for an attack, through to the final engagement. EW exploits the EM environment by sensing and analyzing an adversary's application of the spectrum and imposing appropriate countermeasures (CMs) to hostile spectrum use. EW sensors are one means by which the military gathers tactical intelligence from noncooperative forces. EW sensors, together with EW CMs, mitigate the effectiveness of an adversary's electrooptic/infrared, and radio frequency-controlled weapons. EW enhances the survivability of the host force through control and manipulation of the EM environment and denies or limits its use by an adversary. EM spectrum CMs to threat systems can be selectively applied on a time- and/or frequency-multiplexed basis so that host force use of the EM spectrum is uninhibited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tactical Elect Warfare Div, Elect Warfare Support Measures Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spezio, AE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tactical Elect Warfare Div, Elect Warfare Support Measures Branch, Code 5721, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 633 EP 644 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01985-3 DI 10.1109/22.989948 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500005 ER PT J AU Parker, RK Abrams, RH Danly, BG Levush, B AF Parker, RK Abrams, RH Danly, BG Levush, B TI Vacuum electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE cathodes; free-electron laser; gyrotron; high-power microwaves; klystron; microwave power module; numerical simulation; traveling-wave tube; TWT; vacuum electronics; vacuum microelectronics ID MICROWAVE-POWER MODULE; FIELD-EMITTER ARRAYS; AMPLIFIERS; KLYSTRONS; DEVICES AB This paper explores the recent history and diversity of this remarkable technology, with emphasis on recent advances in the more traditional device types (traveling-wave tube and klystron), as well as more recent innovations such as the in microwave power module, inductive output amplifier, fast-wave devices, ultrahigh-power sources, and RF vacuum microelectronics. These advances can be credited to a combination of device innovation, enhanced understanding gained through improved modeling and design, the Introduction of superior materials and sub-assembly components and the development of advanced vacuum processing and manufacturing techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parker, RK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 77 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 835 EP 845 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01965-8 DI 10.1109/22.989967 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500024 ER PT J AU Huang, YH Wu, C Wu, F Guo, FZ AF Huang, YH Wu, C Wu, F Guo, FZ TI Traveling wave solution of heat transfer for small sample moving in the sub-cooled liquid nitrogen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermal wave model; traveling wave; cooling rate; shock wave AB The temperature field of a traveling wave in a system is analyzed. The system consists of a rapidly moving small specimen tube and sub-cooled liquid nitrogen (SLN2). The temporal and spatial temperature distribution of the subsonic wave is investigated. The relationship between a dimensionless cooling rate and the thermal Mach number (M) is derived. When the quenching speed or sample tube in the sub-cooled liquid nitrogen is equal to or faster than that of the thermal wave propagated, a shock wave is expected. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Hainan Med Coll, Reprod Med Ctr, Haikou 570102, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 673 EP 691 AR PII S0020-7225(01)00089-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-7225(01)00089-1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 536AV UT WOS:000174679300005 ER PT J AU Libai, A Givoli, D AF Libai, A Givoli, D TI Analysis of pulled axisymmetric membranes with wrinkling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE wrinkles; ideal membrane; membrane shell; tension field ID CYLINDRICAL ELASTIC MEMBRANE AB The nonlinear behavior of an axisymmetric hyperelastic membrane subjected to pulling forces is analyzed. The membrane is considered to be ideal in the sense that it cannot carry compressive stress resultants. If the membrane has a positive initial Gaussian curvature, the pulling gives rise to wrinkles which form over parts of the surface. The full nonlinear equations governing the membrane behavior in the doubly tense and in the wrinkled regions are formulated, and then solved using a numerical integration procedure. Solutions for various examples are presented, with Hookean and neo-Hookean constitutive behavior. These include a few examples of wrinkled membranes with positive initial Gaussian curvatures., and one example of a membrane with a negative initial Gaussian curvature, where no wrinkles are formed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Asher Ctr Space Res, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Givoli, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Gd,1141 Cunningham Rd 355, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1274 AR PII S0020-7683(01)00284-0 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00284-0 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 539WY UT WOS:000174896100010 ER PT J AU McConkey, SJ Youssef, FG Azem, E Frenck, RW Weil, GJ AF McConkey, SJ Youssef, FG Azem, E Frenck, RW Weil, GJ TI Evaluation of a rapid-format antibody test and the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of tuberculosis in two contrasting endemic settings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE immunodiagnosis; antibody; tuberculin; Egypt; USA ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS AB OBJECTIVE AND SETTING: We evaluated a rapid-format antibody card test and the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in high (Cairo, Egypt) and low (St. Louis, USA) prevalence areas. DESIGN: Prospective study of hospitalized TB patients and controls with other chest diseases. RESULTS: Test performance varied significantly in the two study sites. The antibody test detected 87% of 71 smear-positive pulmonary TB cases (86% of smear-negative pulmonary cases and 48% of TB meningitis cases) in Egypt; specificity was 82%. The tuberculin test was highly sensitive in Egypt in subjects with pulmonary TB (100%) but not in those with meningitis (23%); specificity was 70%. The sensitivity and specificity of the antibody test in St. Louis were 29% and 79%, respectively; 50% of St. Louis TB cases and 15% of controls had positive tuberculin tests. CONCLUSIONS: This convenient antibody card test may have value for diagnosis of patients suspected of having TB in high prevalence areas like Egypt. However, the specificity of the test is too low for it to be useful as a screening test. Our results suggest that neither the antibody test nor the tuberculin test have much diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings like St. Louis. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Giza Chest Hosp, Giza, Egypt. Barnes Jewish Hosp, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Weil, GJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Campus Box 8051,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI McConkey, Samuel/E-7307-2012 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 537TU UT WOS:000174776300010 PM 11934143 ER PT J AU Turner, S AF Turner, S TI Revamping the CIA SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Turner, S (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 543ED UT WOS:000175087700003 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP TI The state of fundamental applied research in amorphous metals SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TMS, Solidificat Comm Mat Proc & Mfg, Warrendale, PA USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 33 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF02822617 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530AV UT WOS:000174334200006 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Harris, VG TI Soft magnetic materials: Nanocrystalline alloys from amorphous precursors SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE GRAIN-STRUCTURE AB A novel class of nanocrystalline composite alloys has been developed from amorphous precursors. Their composition bears close resemblance to the metallic glasses developed during the 1970-80s. In contrast to metallic glasses, these materials offer superb structural stability at high temperatures, increased saturation magnetization, low coercivity, low magnetostriction, and high permeability. This article compares and contrasts the magnetic and structural properties, processing characteristics, and utility of nanocrystalline and amorphous alloys. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Code 6340,B3,R100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 44 EP 46 DI 10.1007/BF02822620 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 530AV UT WOS:000174334200009 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Whitehead, GS Reboulet, JE Carpenter, RL AF Kimmel, EC Whitehead, GS Reboulet, JE Carpenter, RL TI Carbon dioxide accumulation during small animal, whole body plethysmography: Effects on ventilation, indices of airway function, and aerosol deposition SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE aerosol deposition; airway function; carbon dioxide; ventilation ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CHEMICALS; AWAKE GUINEA-PIGS; NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUE; RESPIRATORY ALLERGY; BREATHING PATTERN; MURINE MODEL; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; MICE; HYPERSENSITIVITY; SENSITIZATION AB Barometric (whole body) plethysmography is used to examine changes in ventilation and breathing pattern in unrestrained animals during exposure to therapeutic or toxic aerosols. Whole body plethysmographs (WBP) may be operated with a bias flow in order to maintain an adequate supply of oxygen and remove expired CO2. However, some aerosol generation and delivery methods may require operation of the WBP without bias flow, which would artificially deplete aerosol concentration. Under these conditions, expired CO2 accumulates in the plethysmograph and stimulates ventilation, increasing total aerosol deposition, shifting regional deposition, and significantly altering some airway function indices. We characterized these effects in guinea pigs using a commercially available 4.5-L WBP, with and without a 1 L/min bias flow. CO2-induced changes in breathing frequency (f), tidal volume (Vt), minute ventilation (Ve), and indices of airway function-including enhanced pause (penh), flow derived parameter (FDP), and respiratory duty cycle-were measured. Without bias flow, CO2 in the plethysmograph increased steadily to 5.4% after 30 min compared to a steady state 0.9% with bias flow. This resulted in a moderate suppression of f, and significant increases in Vt and Ve by factors of 1.5 and 1.4, respectively. Changes in regional deposition were stimulated for 300 mg/m(3) polydisperse aerosols with mass median aerodynamic diameters of 0.3, 1, 3, or 7 mum and geometric standard deviations of 1.7. Percent increase in aerosol deposition from CO2 inhalation ranged from 24% to 90%, by mass, depending on aerosol size distribution and respiratory tract region. In addition, fractional deposition shifted toward the pulmonary region. Empirical indices of airway constriction, penh and FDP, also were increased significantly to 1.7 and 1.3 times their respective baseline values. The study quantifies the effect of inadvertent coexposure to CO2 on ventilation, aerosol deposition, and airway function in WBP evaluation of aerosol effects in airway function. C1 NHRC TD, Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), NHRC TD, Geocenters Inc, Bldg 433,Room 102,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD SPR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1089/08942680252908566 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 541RV UT WOS:000174998700005 PM 12006144 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Schultz, MP Flack, KA TI Effect of strake geometry and centerbody on the lift of swept wings SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 19th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 11, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA ID VORTEX FLOW-CONTROL; FILLETS C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd,MS 11D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 377 EP 379 DI 10.2514/2.2938 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 540KC UT WOS:000174927300023 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A AF Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A TI Electron energy deposition in an electron-beam pumped KrF amplifier: Impact of beam power and energy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; SWARM PARAMETERS; ARGON; EXCITATION; KRYPTON; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMA; STATES; LASERS AB The electron deposition in an Ar-Kr-F-2 mixture, based on a solution of the electron Boltzmann equation, is presented. The model is relevant to an electron-beam generated KrF* laser amplifier at atmospheric pressure. Sets of cross sections for Ar, Kr, and F-2 have been compiled. Calculations have been performed to determine the electron energy distribution function, energy per electron-ion pair and the ionization and excitation rates. It is found that the inclusion of inner shell ionization and the subsequent Auger emission are essential for matching known results on both the energy per electron-ion pair W-ei and the stopping power in pure Ar or Kr target gases. For the chosen Ar-Kr-F-2 mixture, W-ei is calculated to be 24.6 eV. The excitation-to-ionization ratio is calculated to be 0.38 for Ar and 0.54 for Kr at low input power density P-beam (1 kW/cm(3)). Both ratios increase with P-beam, particularly for Kr which attains 0.8 at 1 MW/cm(3). The dependency on P-beam and the excitation efficiency for Kr is significantly higher than previously assumed in KrF* kinetic models. Results are also compared with the continuous slowing down approximation to demonstrate that this approach is limited to the regime of low power deposition. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berkeley Scholars Inc, POB 852, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM giul@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 5 BP 2662 EP 2677 DI 10.1063/1.1448409 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JF UT WOS:000174182400014 ER PT J AU Rathore, D Sacci, JB de la Vega, P McCutchan, TF AF Rathore, D Sacci, JB de la Vega, P McCutchan, TF TI Binding and invasion of liver cells by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites - Essential involvement of the amino terminus of circumsporozoite protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLAVOBACTERIUM-HEPARINUM; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HEPARAN-SULFATE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; REGION-I; THROMBOSPONDIN; VACCINE; ADHESION AB Plasmodium sporozoites display circumsporozoite (CS) protein on their surface, which is involved in the attachment of sporozoites to liver cells. CS protein is a member of the thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) domain family and possess a single copy of TSR domain toward its carboxyl terminus. We show by a direct measurement the correlation between the binding activity of various segments of the CS protein and their ability to inhibit the invasion of liver cells by the sporozoites. We made eight truncated versions of Plasmodium falciparum CS protein to elucidate the role of various regions in the binding and invasion process. Deletion of the TSR domain actually enhanced binding activity by 2-3-fold without the loss of receptor specificity, indicating that TSR may not be the only domain in defining the specificity of binding. These same deletions blocked invasion of live sporozoites more efficiently than proteins that include the TSR domain. Deletion of as little as six amino acids from amino terminus of the protein, however, renders it incapable of binding to liver cells and as an inhibitor of sporozoite invasion. Hence, the binding of CS protein to liver cells and its ability to inhibit the invasion process are affected in a parallel manner, both positively and negatively, by sequence changes in the encoded CS gene. This indicates that both assays are measuring interrelated phenomenon and points to the essential involvement for the amino-terminal portion of the CS protein in these processes. C1 NIAID, Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Growth & Dev Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Growth & Dev Sect, 4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425,Rm 126,Bldg 4, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 9 BP 7092 EP 7098 DI 10.1074/jbc.M106862200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 525ZQ UT WOS:000174104300045 PM 11751898 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JR Banthia, R Sadler, GR Varni, JW Malcarne, VL Greenbergs, HL Schmidt, J Johnstone, PAS AF Jacobs, JR Banthia, R Sadler, GR Varni, JW Malcarne, VL Greenbergs, HL Schmidt, J Johnstone, PAS TI Problems associated with prostate cancer: Differences of opinion among health care providers, patients, and spouses SO JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Education CY OCT, 1999 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO SP Amer Assoc Canc Educ ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE AB Background. Problems accompany any experience with cancer. Methods. Patients, spouses, and providers were asked to identify their perceptions of the problems associated with recently diagnosed prostate cancer. Their answers were compared across respondent categories (physician, nurse, patient, and spouse) and cross-informant variance was analyzed. Results. Significant variation in responses was noted by respondent categories in spite of the relatively small sample. Conclusion. The response variance may contribute to communication problems among patients, spouses, and providers, as well as missed opportunities for medically appropriate referrals to psychological treatment and community support resources. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Canc Ctr 0658, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Sadler, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Canc Ctr 0658, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gsadler@ucsd.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R25 CA65745] NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0885-8195 J9 J CANCER EDUC JI J. Cancer Educ. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Oncology; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 542NN UT WOS:000175050300010 PM 12000104 ER PT J AU Sydor, M Wolz, BD Thralow, AM AF Sydor, M Wolz, BD Thralow, AM TI Spectral analysis of bulk reflectance from coastal waters: Deconvolution of diffuse spectra due to scattering and absorption by coastal water SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ocean optics; remote sensing; diffuse reflectance spectra; volume absorption coefficient; volume scattering coefficient ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NATURAL-WATERS; TURBID WATERS; PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN; NM AB We apply routine techniques of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to establish a systematic procedure for global analysis of the in situ reflectance from coastal water over the 400-900 nm region of the spectrum. Our technique relies on a sequential multi-parameter fit to the reflectance in the 750-900, similar to600, similar to400, and similar to676 nm wavelength regions of the spectrum where the bulk reflectance from coastal water can be linked to the inherent optical properties of its main constituents: pure water, inorganic suspended solids, dissolved organic matter, and phytoplankton pigment. Using in situ reflectance alone, we are able to estimate the volume scattering coefficient from suspended particles and determine the volume absorption coefficients due to inorganic particles, dissolved organic matter, and phytoplankton pigment. The predicted results for the total absorption and scattering agree within 15% of the measured values for the Mississippi Sound, Lake Superior, and Great Bay, New Jersey. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sydor, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 352 EP 361 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 560DY UT WOS:000176068400012 ER PT J AU Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Aifer, EH Goldenberg, M AF Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Aifer, EH Goldenberg, M TI Surface morphology of homoepitaxial GaSb films grown on flat and vicinal substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; surface structure; molecular beam epitaxy; antimonides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ARSENIC INCORPORATION KINETICS; EDGE DIFFUSION; GAAS; GAAS(001); INSTABILITIES; EVOLUTION; ANTIMONY; MODEL AB We have compared the surface morphology of GaSb homoepitaxial films grown on both flat and I vicinal [miscut towards (111)A] (001) substrates using atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Mound formation is observed for GaSb homoepitaxy on the flat substrates over a range of growth temperatures when either Sb-2 or Sb-4 is used to supply the group V flux. At sufficiently high growth temperatures, which are different depending on whether Sb-2 or Sb-4 is used, the mounds transform into fairly well-defined pyramids comprised of distinctly stacked layers that are clearly separated by monolayer-height steps. Furthermore, at the tops of the pyramids are sharp, tower-like features that are similar to15Angstrom in height. Mounds also appear during homoepitaxy on the vicinal substrates at lower growth temperatures; however, both mounds and pyramids can be suppressed when using either Sb-2 or Sb-4 by growing at temperatures above similar to400degreesC. We discuss and compare qualitatively the shape of the observed mounds with predictions of evolving morphology based on models of unstable epitaxial growth. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Nosho, BZ (reprint author), HRL Labs, LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 2002 VL 236 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 164 AR PII S0022-0248(01)02392-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)02392-2 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 531VL UT WOS:000174437900026 ER PT J AU Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Chang, W AF Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Chang, W TI Morphology and dielectric properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films on annealed (100) MgO SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal morphology; physical vapor deposition; oxides; titanium compounds; ferroelectric materials ID DEPENDENCE; TITANATE AB Thin films of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) have been deposited by off-axis sputtering on high temperature annealed (1 0 0) MgO substrates. The MgO substrates were annealed in air for 5 h each at different temperatures in the range of 950-1280degreesC, Steps on the MgO surface were first observed for annealing temperatures at 1000degreesC. Additionally, outgrowths from the surface were observed which contributed to the measured rms surface roughness. The maximum step height and rms surface roughness occurred in the vicinity of 1140degreesC. The BST films were deposited at 550degreesC on the annealed MgO substrates and post annealed in oxygen at 780degreesC for 8 h. X-ray diffractometry showed the BST grain structure to be predominantly (1 1 0) and the lattice parameter relatively independent on the MgO annealing temperature. The grain size observed from atomic force microscopy was 100-150 nm. The relative dielectric constant and timing increased in magnitude for BST deposited on MgO annealed at or above 1145degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cukauskas, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 2002 VL 236 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 247 AR PII S0022-0248(01)02110-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)02110-8 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 531VL UT WOS:000174437900037 ER PT J AU Ahlf, RL Simecek, JW Diefenderfer, KE Ragain, JC AF Ahlf, RL Simecek, JW Diefenderfer, KE Ragain, JC TI Prevalence of tobacco use among a cohort of US naval recruits SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2745 BP A344 EP A344 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702718 ER PT J AU Certosimo, FJ Walton, ML Hartzell, DH Farris, JL AF Certosimo, FJ Walton, ML Hartzell, DH Farris, JL TI The clinical evaluation of the efficacy of three nitrous oxide gas scavenging units during dental treatment SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Dent Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0173 BP A49 EP A49 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700174 ER PT J AU Deutsch, WM Thomas, TL AF Deutsch, WM Thomas, TL TI Dental events during periods of isolation in the US Navy submarine force. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, NIH, Monterey, CA USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0564 BP A94 EP A94 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700562 ER PT J AU Diefenderfer, KE Simecek, JW Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC AF Diefenderfer, KE Simecek, JW Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC TI Relationship between caries status and dental emergencies among US naval personnel. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0566 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700564 ER PT J AU Hill, JM Strother, JM AF Hill, JM Strother, JM TI The effect of surface-penetrating sealant on the flexural strength of resin composite. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2675 BP A336 EP A336 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702648 ER PT J AU Kersey, JW Strother, JM Worm, DA Leclaire, CC AF Kersey, JW Strother, JM Worm, DA Leclaire, CC TI The effect of eugenol in provisional cement on the shear bond strength of resin luting cement to dentin. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2615 BP A328 EP A328 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702588 ER PT J AU Leal, FR Armstrong, S Aziz, K Qian, F AF Leal, FR Armstrong, S Aziz, K Qian, F TI Microtensile bond strength of carbide bur-cut dentin with a self-etch 1-step and (3) total-etch 2-step adhesives. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0354 BP A70 EP A70 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700353 ER PT J AU Simecek, JW Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC AF Simecek, JW Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC TI Rate of dental class deterioration in US naval personnel. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0565 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700563 ER PT J AU Simecek, KE Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC AF Simecek, KE Diefenderfer, KE Ahlf, RL Ragain, JC TI A study of dental sealant longevity, in a cohort of young US naval personnel SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Inst Dent Res, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2768 BP A346 EP A346 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702741 ER PT J AU Stone, ME Cohen, ME Schade, SZ Kuehne, JC Ragain, JC AF Stone, ME Cohen, ME Schade, SZ Kuehne, JC Ragain, JC TI Methylmercury content of dental-unit wastewater. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Dent Res Inst, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3855 BP A472 EP A472 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703822 ER PT J AU Romano, M Agrawal, BN Bernelli-Zazzera, F AF Romano, M Agrawal, BN Bernelli-Zazzera, F TI Experiments on command shaping control of a manipulator with flexible links SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM-TIME CONTROL; VIBRATION REDUCTION; SPACECRAFT; ROBOT AB Minimizing vibrations of a maneuvered flexible manipulator is a challenging task. Results are presented of a series of experimental tests carried out on the Space Robot Simulator assembly, which has been set up at the Spacecraft Research and Design Center of the Naval Postgraduate School. The manipulator is planar with two rotational degrees of freedom and two links, of which either one or both can be flexible in bending. The manipulator floats on air cushions on a granite table. The task of the experiments was to test the effectiveness of the command input shaping technique on the near-minimum-time tracking control of a flexible manipulator. A recently introduced sliding mode control method with smooth joint friction compensation was applied to track either an open- or a closed-reference end-effector path, mapped into joint space. This controller guarantees a very precise tracking of the joint reference motion, despite the high and poorly modeled joint friction torques. Satisfying results, in terms of vibration reduction, have been obtained on point-to-point trajectories and on closed-path trajectories, The results are compared with those obtained with a different command shaping technique. C1 Politecn Milan, I-20158 Milan, Italy. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), Politecn Milan, I-20158 Milan, Italy. RI wu, coproff/E-8815-2011; Bernelli Zazzera, Franco/E-8941-2012; Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 OI Bernelli Zazzera, Franco/0000-0002-9982-4661; NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.2514/2.4903 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 530ZB UT WOS:000174388700006 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Sanders, BF AF Bradford, SF Sanders, BF TI Finite-volume model for shallow-water flooding of arbitrary topography SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE shallow water; topography; hydraulic models; floods ID RUN-UP; CIRCULAR ISLAND; FLOW MODEL; SCHEMES; WAVES; SURF AB A model based on the finite-volume method is developed for unsteady, two-dimensional, shallow-water flow over arbitrary topography with moving lateral boundaries caused by flooding or recession. The model uses Roe's approximate Riemann solver to compute fluxes, while the monotone upstream scheme for conservation laws and predictor-corrector time stepping are used to provide a second-order accurate solution that is free from spurious oscillations. A robust, novel procedure is presented to efficiently and accurately simulate the movement of a wet/dry boundary without diffusing it. In addition, a new technique is introduced to prevent numerical truncation errors due to the pressure and bed slope terms from artificially accelerating quiescent water over an arbitrary bed. Model predictions compare favorably with analytical solutions, experimental data, and other numerical solutions for one- and two-dimensional problems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 NR 29 TC 169 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:3(289) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 525BA UT WOS:000174046300006 ER PT J AU Szulgit, G Rudolph, R Wandel, A Tenenhaus, M Panos, R Gardner, H AF Szulgit, G Rudolph, R Wandel, A Tenenhaus, M Panos, R Gardner, H TI Alterations in fibroblast alpha 1 beta 1 integrin collagen receptor expression in keloids and hypertrophic scars SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VLA1; skin; myofibroblast ID CELL-ADHESION RECEPTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALPHA(2)BETA(1) INTEGRIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL COLLAGEN; MURINE DEVELOPMENT; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; BINDING INTEGRINS; MESSENGER-RNA; SKIN; SCLERODERMA AB Keloids and hypertrophic scars are significant symptomatic clinical problems characterized by excess collagen. Although extensive research has focused on fibroblasts and collagen turnover in these aberrant scars, little work has been done on the expression of integrins (cell membrane structures that link cells to extracellular matrix) within these lesions. Integrin-mediated regulation of collagen synthesis has previously been observed in explanted fibroblasts from normal and fibrotic dermis, and integrin alpha1 knockout mice maintain increased collagen synthesis consistent with a role for alpha1beta1 in providing negative feedback on collagen synthesis. These findings suggested the need to evaluate integrin roles in keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this study we examined integrin expression in keloids (n = 11), hypertrophic scars (n = 5), radiation ulcers (n = 2), and normal skin specimens (n = 8). We used a novel approach to analysis by isolating dermal fibroblasts directly from tissue (without explant culture) and determining surface integrin expression by flow cytometry. We found that keloids and hypertrophic scars have marked alterations in fibroblast integrin expression and contain several distinct populations of fibroblasts. One of these populations expresses high levels of alpha1 integrin, and the proportion of these cells is higher in keloids (63% +/- 3.6% SEM) and hypertrophic scars (45% +/- 2.7% SEM) than in normal skin tissues (28% +/- 4.7% SEM). The different populations of fibroblasts defined by integrin expression merge, however, when the cells are serially cultured, suggesting that there may be aspects of the dermal microenvironment that maintain the integrin phenotypic heterogeneity in dermal fibroblasts. C1 Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Hiram Coll, Dept Biol, Hiram, OH USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Scripps Clin, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Plast Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Plast Surg, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gardner, H (reprint author), Biogen Inc, 12 Cambridge Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM Humphrey_Gardner@biogen.com FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR44514] NR 34 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 118 IS 3 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01680.x PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 532HM UT WOS:000174468300004 PM 11874478 ER PT J AU Subekti, DS Tjaniadi, P Lesmana, M McArdle, J Iskandriati, D Budiarsa, IN Walujo, P Suparto, IH Winoto, I Campbell, JR Porter, KR Sajuthi, D Ansari, AA Oyofo, BA AF Subekti, DS Tjaniadi, P Lesmana, M McArdle, J Iskandriati, D Budiarsa, IN Walujo, P Suparto, IH Winoto, I Campbell, JR Porter, KR Sajuthi, D Ansari, AA Oyofo, BA TI Experimental infection of Macaca nemestrina with a Toronto Norwalk-like virus of epidemic viral gastroenteritis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE viral gastroenteritis; epidemic diarrhea; Norwalk-like agent; Macaca nemestrina ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; VOLUNTEERS; OUTBREAKS; PARTICLE AB Norwalk virus (NV) and Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are common etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis. Viral gastroenteritis is a common disease that is highly transmissible, spreading rapidly through families, institutions, and communities. Because methods for in vitro cultivation of Norwalk etiologic agents are not available, information regarding this syndrome has come largely from studies in human volunteers. Sequential passaging of an NLV through an immunoincompetent newborn pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) may allow for the adaptation of a human NLV to a primate host, thus providing an animal model for investigating this disease. A fecal filtrate of human origin containing NLV, Toronto virus P2-A, was obtained from a patient during an epidemic of viral gastroenteritis. The filtrate was administered via nasogastric tube to three newborn pigtailed macaques. Clinical illness, which was characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, and vomiting, occurred in three monkeys. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and oligonucleotide probe analysis of RNA extracted from the stool samples following infection revealed viral RNA in all inoculated monkeys. Infection was also transmitted experimentally by feeding two additional newborn macaques a fecal filtrate prepared from the three previously infected animals. Detection of viral RNA in the stools of animals that received the fecal filtrate indicates that viral replication occurred in association with clinical illness. The susceptibility of Macaca nemestrina to infection with a Norwalk-like agent will facilitate the study of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of NLV. This system may also have the potential to serve as a vaccine test model for human epidemic viral gastroenteritis. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Bogor Agr Univ, Primate Res Ctr, Bogor, Indonesia. RP Oyofo, BA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1002/jmv.2159 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 514TU UT WOS:000173457800016 PM 11793394 ER PT J AU Tamanaha, CR Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ AF Tamanaha, CR Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ TI Hybrid macro-micro fluidics system for a chip-based biosensor SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PUMPS AB We describe the engineering of a hybrid fluidics platform for a chip-based biosensor system that combines high-performance microfluidics components with powerful, yet compact, millimeter-scale pump and valve actuators. The microfluidics system includes channels, valveless diffuser-based pumps, and pinch-valves that are cast into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane and packaged along with the sensor chip into a palm-sized plastic cartridge. The microfluidics are driven by pump and valve actuators contained in an external unit (with a volume similar to30 cm(3)) that interfaces kinematically with the PDMS microelements on the cartridge. The pump actuator is a simple-lever, flexure-hinge displacement amplifier that increases the motion of a piezoelectric stack. The valve actuators are an array of cantilevers operated by shape memory alloy wires. All components can be fabricated without the need for complex lithography or micromachining, and can be used with fluids containing micron-sized particulates. Prototypes have been modeled and tested to ensure the delivery of microliter volumes of fluid and the even dispersion of reagents over the chip sensing elements. With this hybrid approach to the fluidics system, the biochemical assay benefits from the many advantages of microfluidics yet we avoid the complexity and unknown reliability of immature microactuator technologies. C1 Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geocenters Inc, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. EM cy.tamanaha@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP N7 EP N17 AR PII S0960-1317(02)28844-0 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/12/2/401 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 533AV UT WOS:000174508000015 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR George, C Hruby, VJ Misicka, A Lipkowski, AW AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR George, C Hruby, VJ Misicka, A Lipkowski, AW TI Crystal structure of biphalin sulfate: A multireceptor opioid peptide SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agonist; analgesic; biphalin; conformation; neuropeptide; opioid receptor ligand; X-ray diffraction ID DIMERIC ENKEPHALIN ANALOG; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; POTENT; BINDING; MU; NORBINALTORPHIMINE; PHARMACOPHORES; MEMBRANES AB Biphalin is a dimeric opioid peptide, composed of two tetrapeptides connected 'tail-to-tail', that exhibits a high affinity for all three opioid receptor types (i.e. mu, delta and kappa). This study presents the X-ray crystal structure of biphalin sulfate and and compares it to other opioids that interact with the same biological targets. Both halves of the molecule have a folded backbone conformation but differ significantly from one another. Residues 1-4 in biphalin, which compare well with the delta selective opioid peptide DADLE, fold into a random coil. Residues 5-8, which can be fit to the mu selective peptide D-TIPP-NH2, exhibit a fairly normal type III' beta bend. Biphalin also exhibits structural similarities with two naltrexone analogs, naltrexonazine and norbinaltorphamine, that are specific to mu and kappa receptor sites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, Warsaw, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Med Res Ctr, Warsaw, Poland. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 06284] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2002.01967.x PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 531VP UT WOS:000174438200004 PM 11985706 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, BT Watson, BT Lapoint, JM AF Fitzgerald, BT Watson, BT Lapoint, JM TI The use of thermal capsulorrhaphy in the treatment of multidirectional instability SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article ID NONABLATIVE LASER ENERGY; GLENOHUMERAL JOINT CAPSULE; ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; SHOULDER; SHIFT; COLLAGEN; INFERIOR; RABBIT; MODEL AB The purpose of this study is to report on our experience with thermal capsulorrhophy in the treatment of multidirectional instability of the shoulder. Thirty-three consecutive patients (33 shoulders) with multidirectional instability were treated with arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy. Twelve patients had a history of traumatic dislocation. Three patients had been previously treated with open inferior capsular shift procedures. At a mean follow-up of 36 months (range, 24-40 months), results were available for 30 patients. On the basis of the UCLA rating scale, out of a possible 35 points, the mean preoperative score was 16.7 points and postoperatively it was 30.1 points, with 3 excellent, 20 good, and 7 poor results. Twenty-three patients (76%) were returned to full activity. In our experience the majority of patients with multidirectional instability were able to return to their previous occupations in the armed forces following thermal copsulorrhaphy. More information further defining the biomechanical pathology of capsular laxity and the specific role of electrothermal shrinkage in treating shoulder instability is needed. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Fitzgerald, BT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, KCA, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1067/mse.2002.121476 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 553FB UT WOS:000175664200002 PM 11988720 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SA AF Whitmore, SA TI Frequency response of pressure sensor configurations in slip-flow conditions SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A dynamic model is presented for pneumatic tubing and pressure sensor configurations in rarefied or slip-flow conditions. The model uses the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, with the boundary conditions extended to allow for rarefied conditions. At low pressure levels, the modified wall boundary condition allows fluid elements to slip when directly in contact with the tubing wall. This slippage effectively lowers fluid viscosity. Dynamic effects of the rarefied-flow extension are demonstrated by comparing rarefied-flow solutions to equivalent solutions generated using continuum-flow models. Lower viscosity resulting from rarefied flow causes the configuration response to be less damped than for similar conditions without molecular effects. Comparing steady-state response to data from a series of laboratory experiments validates the range of the rarefied-flow model. When pneumatic tubing is heated unevenly, rarefied flow forces the tube hot end to have higher pressure than the cold end, with no net flow along the tube. This pressure difference results in a dc offset in the measured pressure reading. Comparisons of the steady-state model to experimental data show that the slip-flow model is generally applicable for Knudsen numbers up to approximately 0.65. Beyond 0.7 Knudsen number, molecular effects dominate, and the model is no longer applicable to the problem physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Whitmore, SA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.2514/2.3823 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541BV UT WOS:000174966100009 ER PT J AU Park, SY AF Park, SY TI Thermally induced attitude disturbance control for spacecraft with a flexible boom SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Park, Sang-Young/F-5989-2013 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.2514/2.3816 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541BV UT WOS:000174966100021 ER PT J AU Enad, JG AF Enad, JG TI Partial absence of pericardium in an endurance athlete - A case report SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Article DE pericardium abnormalities; physical endurance; heart defects, congenital ID CONGENITAL ABSENCE AB A twenty-nine-year-old competitive endurance runner was noted to have a congenital absence of the pericardium on a routine screening exam. No recommendations for activity restrictions have been previously described for this condition. After maximal exercise performance on a cadiac stress test without symptoms of cardiac compromise and consultation with cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons, the patient was returned to full, unrestricted competitive running. Once the diagnosis of absent pericardium is confirmed by imaging modalities, cardiac stress testing may be employed to determine a recommended activity level for the patient. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 541KG UT WOS:000174983300014 PM 11832880 ER PT J AU Wales, SC Heitmeyer, RM AF Wales, SC Heitmeyer, RM TI An ensemble source spectra model for merchant ship-radiated noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This paper presents an evaluation of the classical model for determining an ensemble of the broadband source spectra of the sound generated by individual ships and proposes an alternate model to overcome the deficiencies in the classical model. The classical model, proposed by Ross [Mechanics of Underwater Noise (Pergamon, New York, 1976)] postulates that the source spectrum for an individual ship is proportional to a baseline spectrum with the constant of proportionality determined by a power-law relationship on the ship speed and length. The model evaluation, conducted on an ensemble of 54 source spectra over a 30-1200-Hz to 1200-Hz frequency band, shows that this assumption yields large rms errors in the broadband source level for the individual ships and significantly overestimates the variability in the source level across the ensemble of source spectra. These deficiencies are a consequence of the negligible correlation between the source level and the ship speed and the source level and the ship length. The alternate model proposed here represents the individual ship spectra by a modified rational spectrum where the poles and zeros are restricted to the real axis and the exponents of the terms are not restricted to integer values. An evaluation of this model on the source spectra ensemble indicates that the rms errors are significantly less than those obtained with any model where the frequency dependence is represented by a single baseline spectrum. Furthermore, at high frequencies (400 to 1200 Hz), a single-term rational spectrum model is sufficient to describe the frequency dependence and, at the low frequencies (30 to 400 Hz), there is only a modest reduction in the rms error for a higher order model. Finally, a joint probability density on the two parameters of the single term model based on the measured histograms of these parameters is proposed. This probability density provides a mechanism for generating an ensemble of ship spectra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Acoust, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wales, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Acoust, Code 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1231 DI 10.1121/1.1427355 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 531HN UT WOS:000174410100008 PM 11931298 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, ML TI Estimation of broadband acoustic power radiated from a turbulent boundary layer-driven reinforced finite plate section due to rib and boundary forces SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Previous papers considered an infinite fluid-loaded plate with parallel line attachments, driven by a wave-number-white pressure excitation invariant in the direction of an attachment, and established the conditions and procedure for estimating the broadband radiated power by assuming the ribs to radiate independently. This paper applies those results to a finite rectangular ribbed plate, and extends the methodology to include the contribution of the plate's boundary support forces to the radiation and the consideration of excitation that varies in the direction parallel to the ribs. The approach is relevant to problems of sound radiation by underwater stiffened steel plates driven by turbulent boundary layer (TBL) pressures, and is also applicable to stiffened Circular cylindrical shells when the response is dominated by bending. Comparisons of sample calculations with results of rigorous models validate the approximation. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 3 BP 1274 EP 1279 DI 10.1121/1.1446049 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 531HN UT WOS:000174410100014 PM 11931304 ER PT J AU Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK Knies, DL Walker, RA Qadri, SB Wang, TS Nagel, DJ AF Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK Knies, DL Walker, RA Qadri, SB Wang, TS Nagel, DJ TI Particle emission from low energy proton bombardment of TiH2 and TiD2 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE titanium hydride; titanium deuteride; (p, alpha) nuclear reactions; trace impurities; proton irradiation; B-11; Li-7; N-15 AB TiH2 and TiD2 thick targets were bombarded with 100 to 200 keV protons. Evidence for nuclear reactions was obtained by means of a surface barrier particle detector. Proton irradiation of TiD2 produced the following observations: alpha particle emission identified as (p, alpha) reactions from B-11 and Li-7 impurities in the target at ppm concentrations; and similar to3 MeV proton and similar to1 MeV triton emission from secondary D-D reactions caused by elastic scattering of the primary proton with a target deuteron. A 3.9 MeV alpha particle peak measured by others was not observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Grabowski, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 71 IS 3 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.71.757 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 534KZ UT WOS:000174586700020 ER PT J AU Kane, CJ Tarman, GJ Summerton, DJ Buchmann, CE Ward, JF O'Reilly, KJ Ruiz, H Thrasher, JB Zorn, B Smith, C Morey, AF AF Kane, CJ Tarman, GJ Summerton, DJ Buchmann, CE Ward, JF O'Reilly, KJ Ruiz, H Thrasher, JB Zorn, B Smith, C Morey, AF TI Multi-institutional experience with buccal mucosa onlay urethroplasty for bulbar urethral reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urethra, obstruction; urethral, mucus membrane; urethral stricture; transplants ID ASSOCIATION SYMPTOM INDEX; ANTERIOR URETHROPLASTY; GRAFT; STRICTURES; SKIN AB Purpose: Buccal mucosa has been advocated as an ideal graft material for urethral reconstruction. We report our multicenter experience with buccal mucosa ventral onlay urethroplasty for complex bulbar urethral reconstruction in adults. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone buccal onlay urethroplasty at 4 military medical treatment facilities participating in the Uniformed Services Urology Research Group was performed. The database generated included demographic data, genitourinary history, preoperative symptoms (American Urological Association symptom score), preoperative urinary flow rate, stricture length and operative statistics. Postoperative followup data included symptom score, flow rate, retrograde urethrogram results, and complications. Results: A total of 53 patients (average age 32 years, range 17 to 64) underwent buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty between January, 1996 and March, 1998 for refractory strictures. Sixteen patients had undergone an average of 2.2 prior endoscopic procedures (range 1 to 7). Average stricture length was 3.6 plus or minus standard deviation 1.8 cm. (range 2 to 7.5) as measured on preoperative retrograde urethrogram. Followup averaged 25 months (range 11 to 40 months). Average symptom scores decreased from 21.2 (range 14 to 33) preoperatively to 5.4 (range 3 to 8) postoperatively (p <0.001). Average peak urinary flow rates increased from 7.9 preoperatively to 30.1 ml. per second postoperatively (p <0.001). Postoperative retrograde urethrograms were available for 34 patients and were normal in 24. The overall complication rate was 5.4%. Three patients required endoscopic incisions. One patient has a recurrent narrowing and treatment is considered a failure. There were 4 sacculations (7.5%) and 6 narrowings, 3 of which required further treatment. Of the patients 50 required no additional procedures (94.3%). Conclusions: Buccal mucosa grafts used as a ventral onlay for bulbar urethral reconstruction yield reproducibly excellent results with minimal morbidity and low complication rates. Longer followup will be required to confirm the durability of our results. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kane, CJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 22 TC 87 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 1314 EP 1317 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65289-5 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 519YK UT WOS:000173752900023 PM 11832721 ER PT J AU Gilmore, E AF Gilmore, E TI 'Heroina, Teatro repleto de mujeres' SO LATIN AMERICAN THEATRE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gilmore, E (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV KANSAS PI LAWRENCE PA CENTER OF LATIN AMER STUDIES, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0023-8813 J9 LAT AM THEATRE REV JI Lat. Am. Theat. Rev. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Theater SC Theater GA 557FQ UT WOS:000175898200024 ER PT J AU Kvam, PH Singh, H Whitaker, LR AF Kvam, PH Singh, H Whitaker, LR TI Estimating distributions with increasing failure rate in an imperfect repair model SO LIFETIME DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Brown-Proschan model; order restricted inference; reliability ID MINIMAL REPAIR; RELIABILITY AB A failed system is repaired minimally if after failure, it is restored to the working condition of an identical system of the same age. We extend the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator(MLE) of a system's lifetime distribution function to test units that are known to have an increasing failure rate. Such items comprise a significant portion of working components in industry. The order-restricted MLE is shown to be consistent. Similar results hold for the Brown-Proschan imperfect repair model, which dictates that a failed component is repaired perfectly with some unknown probability, and is otherwise repaired minimally. The estimators derived are motivated and illustrated by failure data in the nuclear industry. Failure times for groups of emergency diesel generators and motor-driven pumps are analyzed using the order-restricted methods. The order-restricted estimators are consistent and show distinct differences from the ordinary MLEs. Simulation results suggest significant improvement in reliability estimation is available in many cases when component failure data exhibit the IFR property. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kvam, PH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7870 J9 LIFETIME DATA ANAL JI Lifetime Data Anal. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1023/A:1013570832286 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 507LP UT WOS:000173030200004 PM 11878225 ER PT J AU Mazzuchi, JF Trump, DH Riddle, J Hyams, KC Balough, B AF Mazzuchi, JF Trump, DH Riddle, J Hyams, KC Balough, B TI Force health protection: 10 years of lessons learned by the Department of Defense SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; MILITARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; DESERT-STORM; VETERANS; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE; ILLNESSES; PERSONNEL; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE AB The Department of Defense has applied lessons learned since the Persian Gulf War to develop the force health protection (FHP) strategy. The goal of this new, unified strategy is to protect the health of military members from medical and environmental hazards associated with military service to the maximum extent possible. FHP is an evolving strategy that seeks to balance the military health system's responsibilities to promote and sustain health and wellness throughout each person's military service; prevent acute and chronic illnesses and injuries during training and deployment; and rapidly stabilize, treat, and evacuate casualties. In addition, FHP demands a continuous assessment of the current and future health of military members through medical surveillance, longitudinal health studies, adequate medical record documentation, and clinical follow-up. Effective communication with military members, leaders, veterans, families, and the public regarding military members' health status and the health risks of military service is a key element of the FHP strategy. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. The Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USN, Dept Epidemiol, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. The Pentagon, Joint Staff, Logist Directorate, Washington, DC 20318 USA. RP Trump, DH (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1039,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200001 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Shaffer, RA Minagawa, RY Brodine, SK AF Booth-Kewley, S Shaffer, RA Minagawa, RY Brodine, SK TI Effectiveness of two versions of a sexually transmitted diseases/human immunodeficiency virus prevention program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; AIDS-PREVENTION; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; HIV-INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; ADOLESCENTS; WOMEN; MODERATION AB Little is known about the comparative effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus prevention interventions that differ in duration but contain similar content. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two versions (6 hours vs. 3 hours) of a behavioral intervention called the STD/HIV Intervention Program (SHIP) in a sample of Marines. Marines were exposed to either a 6-hour or a 3-hour version of SHIP. Comparisons of pre-test and post-test knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intention scores revealed similar results for both versions. For both versions of the intervention, scores on sexually transmitted diseases/human immunodeficiency virus knowledge were significantly higher after the intervention. Both the 6-hour and the 3-hour versions of SHIP also led to significant increases on scales measuring social norms and behavioral intentions. The two versions of SHIP appeared to be of comparable effectiveness for producing short-term changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200016 PM 11901577 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Anderson, ML Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Enhancing the activity of fuel-cell reactions by designing three-dimensional nanostructured architectures: Catalyst-modified carbon-silica composite aerogels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM CATALYSTS; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; ELECTROOXIDATION; ELECTRODES; SIZE; SOL; METHANOL; OXYGEN; BLACK; CO AB We have developed highly active electrocatalytic nanostructured architectures constructed from carbon-silica composite aerogels in which the carbon is modified with nanoscopic electrocatalysts. Our procedure is general and can be applied to any preformed catalyst-modified carbon powder. The aerogel architecture locks in an electronic path through the carbon guest as well as a continuous, three-dimensional mesoporous transport path for fuel molecules, solvent, and ions. The electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation at colloidal-Pt-modified carbon-silica composite aerogels increases by 4 orders of magnitude per gram of Pt over that at native Pt-modified carbon powder. Supported catalysts derived from direct adsorption of colloidal Pt too large to enter the micropores of the carbon are more active per gram of Pt than those prepared using impregnation techniques. A further improvement in mass-normalized activity is achieved by appropriately annealing (temperature and atmosphere) Pt-modified carbon-silica composite aerogels to increase the size of the supported Pt to >3 nm but <4 nm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 27 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 8 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1021/nl015707d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 535JF UT WOS:000174640900014 ER PT J AU McCarthy, RH Ayyub, BM Beach, JE Packard, WT Melton, WM Nappi, N AF McCarthy, RH Ayyub, BM Beach, JE Packard, WT Melton, WM Nappi, N TI In this special issue the Naval Engineers Journal features reliability-based load and resistance factor design (LRFD) guidelines for surface ship structures SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Platform Syst Grp, Integrated Warfare Syst Directorate, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP McCarthy, RH (reprint author), USN, Platform Syst Grp, Integrated Warfare Syst Directorate, Sea Syst Command, SEA 05P, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 2 BP 21 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2002.tb00122.x PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627YN UT WOS:000179964600003 ER PT J AU Spicer, D Bingham, R Huba, J Shapiro, VD AF Spicer, D Bingham, R Huba, J Shapiro, VD TI Particle acceleration in tangential discontinuities by lower hybrid waves SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY AB We consider the role that the lower-hybrid wave turbulence plays in providing the necessary resistivity at collisionless reconnection sights. The mechanism for generating the waves is considered to be the lower-hybrid drift instability. We find that the level of the wave amplitude is sufficient enough to heat and accelerate both electrons and ions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92091 USA. RP Bingham, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 SI SI BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 540PG UT WOS:000174936900007 ER PT J AU Ochoa, M Allaire, AD Stitely, ML AF Ochoa, M Allaire, AD Stitely, ML TI Pyometria after hemostatic square suture technique SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGE AB BACKGROUND: The square suture technique to achieve hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage has been described in the medical literature. In a prior report of 23 cases, there were no complications from the technique. CASE: A young woman with an gravida 1 para 0 with an uncomplicated prenatal course presented at 40 weeks' estimated gestational age in active labor. Cesarean delivery was performed for arrest of dilatation and was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage unresponsive to medical therapy and uterine artery ligation. Several hemostatic square sutures were placed, obtaining hemostasis. The patient presented 4 weeks postpartum with pain and mucopurulent discharge. Pyometrium was discovered at the time of dilation and curettage. CONCLUSION: pyometrium may result from the use of hemostatic square suture technique for control of postpartum hemorrhage. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Stitely, ML (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 4 TC 79 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 99 IS 3 BP 506 EP 509 AR PII S0029-7844(01)01712-4 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01712-4 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 524JU UT WOS:000174010300023 PM 11864682 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zhou, SB Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zhou, SB Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimal configuration and performance of heat engines with heat leak and finite heat capacity SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; GENERALIZED CARNOT CYCLE; WORKING FLUID; MAXIMUM POWER; TIME THERMODYNAMICS; OPTIMAL EXPANSION; TRANSFER LAW; GAS-TURBINE; EFFICIENCY; OPTIMIZATION AB The optimal configuration of a class of two-heat-reservoir heat engine cycles in which the maximum work output can be obtained under a given cycle time is determined with the considerations of heat leak, finite heat capacity high-temperature source and infinite heat capacity low-temperature heat sink. The heat engine cycles considered in this paper include: (1) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs without heat leak, (2) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs with heat leak, (3) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink without heat leak and (4) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink with heat leak, It is assumed that the heat transfer between the working fluid and the reservoirs obeys Newton's law. It is shown that the existence of heat leak doesn't affect the configuration of a cycle with an infinite high-temperature source. The finite heat capacity of a high temperature source without heat leak makes the cycle a generalized Carnot heat engine cycle. There exists a great difference of the cycle configurations for the finite high-temperature source with heat leak and the former three cases. Moreover, the relations between the optimal power output and the efficiency of the former three configurations are derived, and they show that the heat leak affects the power versus efficiency characteristics of the heat engine cycles. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1014235029474 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 534FG UT WOS:000174573400005 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW TI Dissipative quantum theory: implications for quantum entanglement SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School and Workshop on Non Extensive Thermodynamics and Physical Applications (NEXT 2001) CY MAY 23-30, 2001 CL VILLASIMIUS, ITALY DE entanglement; dissipation; Lindblad dynamics ID DECOHERENCE; SYSTEMS AB Three inter-related topics are discussed here. (1) the Lindblad dynamics of quantum dissipative systems; (2) quantum entanglement in composite systems and its quantification based on the Tsallis entropy; and (3) robustness of entanglement under dissipation. After a brief review of the Lindblad theory of quantum dissipative systems and the idea of quantum entanglement in composite quantum systems illustrated by describing the three particle systems, the behavior of entanglement under the influence of dissipative processes is discussed. These issues are of importance in the discussion of quantum nanometric systems of current research. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 305 IS 1-2 BP 297 EP 304 AR PII S0378-4371(01)00678-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00678-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544LA UT WOS:000175158100047 ER PT J AU Barker, JM Akis, R Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Thornton, TJ Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Barker, JM Akis, R Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Thornton, TJ Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI High-field transport studies of GaN SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors (HCIS-12) CY AUG, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO DE GaN; high-field transport; velocity-field characteristic; drift velocity ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; BAND-STRUCTURE AB A pulsed voltage input and a four-point measurement were used to determine the room temperature velocity-field characteristic of bulk gallium nitride test structures with an etched constriction. A peak electron velocity of approximately 2.5 x 10(7) cm/s was attained at a field of 180 kV/cm. which corresponds closely to theoretical predictions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, ERC 227, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barker, JM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, ERC 227, POB 5706, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. OI Akis, Richard/0000-0002-4366-1891 NR 5 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 2002 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 41 AR PII S0921-4526(01)01453-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01453-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 558ZD UT WOS:000175997500009 ER PT J AU Comanescu, G Wagner, RJ McCombe, BD Shanabrook, BV Bennett, BR Singh, SK Tischler, JG Weinstein, BA AF Comanescu, G Wagner, RJ McCombe, BD Shanabrook, BV Bennett, BR Singh, SK Tischler, JG Weinstein, BA TI Heterostructure interface effects on the far-infrared magneto-optical spectra of InAs/Gasb quantum wells SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA DE interface; InAs/GaSb; hybridization; cyclotron resonance ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICES; GAP AB The electronic and optical properties of InAs GaSb heterostructures depend on the type of bonding at the interface, InSb bonds or GaAs bonds. We have studied cyclotron resonance (CR) in the far-infrared on two samples, each consisting of a single 30 nm InAs quantum well surrounded by thick GaSb barriers. The only intended difference between the samples is the interface bonding type, Ga-As bonds and In-Sb bonds. The CR for the sample with Ga As interface bonds shows two lines whose positions are determined by nonparabolicity effects, whereas the sample with In Sb bonds shows multiple lilies due to strong cross-interface coupling between the InAs conduction band Landau levels (LLs) and the valence band LLs in GaSb. We find that the CR is a sensitive probe of interface bonding type for Such structures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Comanescu, G (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst Campus,239 Fromezak Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM gcl@acsu.buffalo.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2-4 BP 186 EP 189 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00516-1 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00516-1 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 574BT UT WOS:000176869100023 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW TI Robust and fragile entanglement of three qubits: Relation to permutation symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; STATE AB The robustness of entanglement for the set of eight total spin states of three qubits is characterized and related to their permutation symmetries. These states fall into four sets of two entangled states, differing in their patterns of robustness to entanglement when one of the states is lost. Their entanglement measures are shown to contain certain permutation symmetries of the spin states and their corresponding marginal two-particle states. The eight entangled states are also found to be eigenstates of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian, (sigma) over right arrow (A) . (sigma) over right arrow (B) + (sigma) over right arrow (A) . (sigma) over right arrow (C) + (sigma) over right arrow (B) . (sigma) over right arrow (C)/2. This allows the entanglement to be tuned in a systematic way by adjusting the symmetries of a general three-qubit Hamiltonian. The necessary and sufficient conditions for separability of a general three-particle state in terms of (a) three one-particle states and (b) one one-particle and one two-particle state are also given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 032328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.032328 PN A PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 533UJ UT WOS:000174548500070 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Superconductivity in compressed iron: Role of spin fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS FE; HIGH-PRESSURE; FERROMAGNETISM; RE AB The recent discovery of superconductivity in hexagonal iron under pressure poses a question about whether it is of conventional (phonon) or unconventional (magnetic) origin. We present first-principles calculations of the electron-phonon coupling in iron at Pgreater than or similar to15 GPa, and argue that a conventional mechanism can explain the appearance of superconductivity, but not its rapid disappearance at Pgreater than or similar to30 GPa. We suggest that spin fluctuations, ferro- and/or antiferromagnetic, play a crucial role in superconductivity in this case. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 10 AR 100511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.100511 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UG UT WOS:000174548300019 ER PT J AU Nachumi, B Kendziora, C Ichikawa, N Nakamura, Y Uchida, S AF Nachumi, B Kendziora, C Ichikawa, N Nakamura, Y Uchida, S TI Raman scattering in striped La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE ORDER; LA2-XBAXCUO4; LA1.48ND0.4SR0.12CUO4; LA1.6-XND0.4SRXCUO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4; CRYSTALS; PLANE AB We measure the Raman scattering intensity in single crystal samples of La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4 which is known to exhibit antiphase stripe magnetic/charge order below Tsimilar or equal to30 K. For Raman shifts > 1000 cm(-1), the spectra in all planar polarization conditions show a broad hump which has a very weak temperature dependence. This feature is interpreted as the signature of Raman scattering from spin fluctuations and related to the incipient stripe ordering. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Nachumi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6333, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Nakamura, Yasunobu/H-1300-2012 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 9 AR 092504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.092504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 533UC UT WOS:000174547900030 ER PT J AU Boccaletti, S Valladares, DL Pecora, LM Geffert, HP Carroll, T AF Boccaletti, S Valladares, DL Pecora, LM Geffert, HP Carroll, T TI Reconstructing embedding spaces of coupled dynamical systems from multivariate data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES DATA; GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION; ADAPTIVE RECOGNITION; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; SURROGATE DATA; PREDICTION; NONLINEARITY AB A method for reconstructing dimensions of subspaces for weakly coupled dynamical systems is offered. The tool is able to extrapolate the subspace dimensions from the zero coupling limit, where the division of dimensions as per the algorithm is exact. Implementation of the proposed technique to multivariate data demonstrates its effectiveness in disentangling subspace dimensionalities also in the case of emergent synchronized motions, for both numerical and experimental systems. C1 Ist Nazl Ott Applicat, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Navarra, Dept Fis Matemat Aplicada, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. Univ Nacl San Luis, Dept Fis, San Luis, Argentina. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ist Nazl Ott Applicat, Largo E Fermi 6, I-50125 Florence, Italy. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 035204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.035204 PN 2A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 533UN UT WOS:000174548900012 PM 11909147 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF DeVore, CR AF Grinstein, FF DeVore, CR TI Global instabilities in countercurrent jets SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FREE SHEAR LAYERS; MIXING LAYERS; FLOWS; COUNTERFLOW; ABSOLUTE AB Self-excited instabilities in supersonic, countercurrent (CC) jets are demonstrated based on numerical simulations, and it is argued that they can be used to explain unresolved discrepancies between laboratory and theoretical analysis. Self-excitation is based on upstream feedback mechanisms acting on the subsonic outer jet regions, and associated with underexpanded initial conditions or partial confinement effects introduced by a collar surrounding the CC jet shear layer. Recognition of these instabilities provides new insights on the role played by the collar in the laboratory CC jet systems, suggesting that practical approaches to the active control of CC jets might be based on suitable direct excitation of the shear layer within the region of influence of the collar. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1095 EP 1100 DI 10.1063/1.1421615 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 521XM UT WOS:000173866700019 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Guillory, JU Beall, JH AF Rose, DV Guillory, JU Beall, JH TI Comparison of particle-in-cell simulations and a wave-population model of electron-beam-plasma interactions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; FREQUENCY AB A spatially independent beam stability model [W. K. Rose , Astrophys. J. 280, 550 (1984)] is compared with one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The model uses rate equations to evaluate the coupling of longitudinal waves created by beam-plasma instabilities. Equilibrium solutions of the stability model are examined and wave energies from the model are compared with PIC simulations. The PIC simulations enable the stability model to be benchmarked and to explore the temporal evolution of the background plasma electron energy distribution, a capability not presently treated in the stability model. The generation of hot plasma electron tails is examined in the PIC simulations. The scalable, spatially independent model can be used in laboratory and astrophysical parameter regimes while numerical constraints limit the parameter regimes treatable in the PIC simulations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. St Johns Coll, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1009 DI 10.1063/1.1447554 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 524JY UT WOS:000174010800034 ER PT J AU Eaton, PE Zhang, MX Gilardi, R Gelber, N Iyer, S Surapaneni, R AF Eaton, PE Zhang, MX Gilardi, R Gelber, N Iyer, S Surapaneni, R TI Octanitrocubane: A new nitrocarbon SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID AMIDE ACTIVATION; SYSTEMATIC SUBSTITUTION; CUBANE NUCLEUS; 1,3,5,7-TETRANITROCUBANE; POLYNITROCUBANES; CHEMISTRY; PREDICTION; METALATION; GRIGNARDS; DENSITY AB Octanitrocubane, the first new nitrocarbon in 18 years, is introduced as a potential explosive of great power. Its synthesis and characterization are described. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM eaton@uchicago.edu NR 37 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 532PH UT WOS:000174483900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Huwe, JM AF Johnson, WB Huwe, JM TI Toward a typology of mentorship dysfunction in graduate school SO PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS; PROTEGE RELATIONSHIPS; CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY; ETHICAL ISSUES; EDUCATION; PERCEPTIONS; STUDENTS; EXPERIENCES; FACULTY; TEACHER AB Researchers, writers, and practitioners of mentoring relationships have traditionally avoided discussion of the dark and dysfunctional side of mentoring. Student-faculty mentorships in graduate settings are sometimes characterized by dysfunction stemming from such varied sources as faulty matching, boundary violations, incompetence, conflict, and cross-gender or cross-race concerns. In this article, a typology of dysfunctional graduate school mentorships is offered for the purpose of bolstering theory development, research and both departmental and individual prevention efforts. The article concludes with several strategic recommendations for both graduate program administrators and individual faculty members who find themselves in problem mentorships with graduate students. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Portland Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Portland, OR USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, DIV PSYCHOTHERAPY PI CORAL GABLES PA 1390 SOUTH DIXIE HIGHWAY, STE 2222, CORAL GABLES, FL 33146-2946 USA SN 0033-3204 J9 PSYCHOTHERAPY JI Psychotherapy PD SPR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1037//0033-3204.39.1.44 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 906OA UT WOS:000227650300005 ER PT J AU Kuttler, JR Janaswamy, R AF Kuttler, JR Janaswamy, R TI Improved Fourier transform methods for solving the parabolic wave equation SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; TROPOSPHERE AB [1] A standard method for modeling electromagnetic propagation in the troposphere is the Fourier split-step algorithm for solving the parabolic wave equation. An important advance in this technique was the introduction of the mixed Fourier transform, which permitted the extension of the method from propagation over only smooth perfectly conducting surfaces to quite general surfaces with impedance boundary conditions. This paper describes improvements in the implementation of the mixed Fourier transform, which make the method more robust and efficient and avoid potential numerical instabilities, which occasionally caused problems in the previous implementation. Some examples are also presented. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kuttler, JR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM jim.kuttler@jhuapl.edu; janaswamy@ecs.umass.edu NR 8 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 AR 1021 DI 10.1029/2001RS002488 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 610EF UT WOS:000178947200008 ER PT J AU Martin, FJ Lucas, KE Hogan, EA AF Martin, FJ Lucas, KE Hogan, EA TI Experimental procedure for crevice corrosion studies of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in natural seawater SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE-CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTS; STAINLESS-STEELS; SEA-WATER AB An experimental procedure intended for crevice corrosion studies on Ni-Cr-Mo alloys is demonstrated. In this procedure a potentiostatic control of crevice corrosion specimens is applied to an immersible crevice cell design that uses a fluoroelastomer gasket crevice former. The procedure is demonstrated for a crevice susceptibility study on Alloy 625 in elevated temperature natural seawater, where crevice corrosion initiation and propagation are shown to be influenced by the electrochemical potential. Potentiostatic current monitoring establishes the crevice initiation time and rate of propagation, while post-mortem inspections confirm the extent of crevice damage. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, FJ (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1273 EP 1276 DI 10.1063/1.1448903 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 527JJ UT WOS:000174182700031 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Functionalizing the GaN(0001)-(1x1) surface I. The chemisorption of aniline SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; aromatics; chemisorption; photoelectron spectroscopy; Auger electron spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) ID RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MONOSUBSTITUTED BENZENES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ADSORBED HYDROCARBONS; SUBSTITUTED BENZENES; SENSITIVITY FACTORS; GAN SURFACES AB Chemisorption of aniline (C6H5NH2) on the GaN(0 0 0 1)-(1 x 1) Ga-polar surface has been studied using mainly Xray-excited Auger electron, electron energy loss and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopics (XAES, ELS and UPS, respectively). The XAES data show adsorption near room temperature with a total sticking probability of similar to0.05 and a saturation coverage of similar to0.28 phenyl rings per surface lattice site. The ELS data show removal of the characteristic surface-state band centered at similar to3.4 eV and the appearance of a pi - pi* loss at 6.5 eV due to C=C bonds. In contrast, benzene (C6H6) does not chemisorb under these conditions. The UPS data, which have been analyzed with the aid of density functional theory molecular orbital calculations, indicate that adsorption occurs with a phenyl-NH group forming a Ga-N-Ga bridge. Adsorption causes a decrease in electron affinity (deltachi approximate to -0.55 eV) due to a surface dipole layer, and measurement of deltachi and of changes in band bending have been used to construct a partial energy level diagram for the aniline-covered surface. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 499 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 123 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01916-1 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01916-1 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 531HA UT WOS:000174408900004 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Functionalizing the GaN(0001)-(1x1) surface II. Chemisorption of 3-pyrroline SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; aromatics; chemisorption; photoelectron spectroscopy; Auger electron spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; GAN SURFACES; STATES; SPECTRA; ENERGY AB Chemisorption of 3-pyrroline (C4H6NH) on the GaN(0 0 0 1)-(1 x 1) surface has been studied using mainly X-ray-excited Auger electron. electron energy loss and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopies (XAES, ELS and UPS, respectively). The XAES data show adsorption near room temperature with a total sticking probability of similar to0.05 and a saturation coverage of similar to0.34 molecules per surface lattice site. The ELS data show removal of the characteristic surface-state band centered at similar to3.4 eV and the appearance of a pi - pi* loss at 7.2 eV due to C=C bonds. The UPS data, which have been analyzed with the aid of density functional theory molecular orbital calculations. indicate adsorption with the 3-pyrroline ring remaining intact. The results are consistent with bonding via the molecular N atom in a fourfold coordinated configuration bridging two surface Ga atoms, as proposed earlier for ammonia and aniline. However, in this case adsorption by charge donation from the molecular N non-bonding-lone-pair orbital to a single surface Ga dangling orbital cannot be excluded on the basis of UPS alone. Adsorption causes a decrease in electron affinity (deltachi approximate to -0.92 eV) due to a surface dipole layer, and measurement of deltachi and of changes in band bending have been used to construct a partial energy-level diagram for the adsorbate-covered surface. Some results (ELS and UPS) are also given, for comparison, for the chemisorption of pyridine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 499 IS 2-3 BP 124 EP 134 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01917-3 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01917-3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 531HA UT WOS:000174408900005 ER PT J AU Xu, L Daley, R AF Xu, L Daley, R TI Data assimilation with a barotropically unstable shallow SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL; INVERSE; SYSTEMS; ERROR AB The cycling representer algorithm of Xu and Daley (2000) is a weak constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation algorithm. It was successfully applied to a one-dimensional transport problem and was able to successfully extract the signal from noisy and sparse observations. The algorithm, however. has not previously been applied to a multivariate, multidimensional system with dynamic instability. The algorithm is also very computationally demanding and awaits considerable enhancement in computer power before being practical for operational forecast models. We have two objectives in this paper. The first is to apply the cycling representer algorithm to a two-dimensional, multivariate barotropically unstable linear shallow water system. The second objective is to formulate and test an accelerated representer algorithm that is much more computationally tractable than the cycling representer algorithm itself. A linear shallow water system with a barotropically unstable basic state was used as a test bed to conduct data assimilation experiments. The evolution of a 'neutral' eastward-propagating singular vector was selected as the 'truth', against which all data assimilation experiments were to be evaluated. The results indicated that the cycling representer algorithm was capable of providing satisfying state estimates for a multivariate, multidimensional system. The results from the accelerated representer algorithm were very encouraging because it is sufficiently computationally tractable to be used on present day multi-processor machines for operational applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.01314.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 536BX UT WOS:000174681800001 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Epstein, JE Richie, TL Nkrumah, FK Soisson, L Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Kumar, S Epstein, JE Richie, TL Nkrumah, FK Soisson, L Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL TI A multilateral effort to develop DNA vaccines against falciparum malaria SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CD8+ T-CELLS; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; CODON USAGE; PLASMID DNA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; AOTUS MONKEYS AB Scientists from several organizations worldwide are working together to develop a multistage, multigene DNA-based vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This collaborative vaccine development effort is named Multi-Stage DNA-based Malaria Vaccine Operation. An advisory board of international experts in vaccinology, malariology and field trials provides the scientific oversight to support the operation. This article discusses the rationale for the approach, underlying concepts and the pre-clinical development process, and provides a brief outline of the plans for the clinical testing of a multistage, multiantigen malaria vaccine based on DNA plasmid immunization technology. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Celera Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02207-3 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 524GV UT WOS:000174005600008 PM 11854091 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Thomsen, DL Srinivasan, A Keller, P Ratna, BR AF Shenoy, DK Thomsen, DL Srinivasan, A Keller, P Ratna, BR TI Carbon coated liquid crystal elastomer film for artificial muscle applications SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE liquid crystal elastomers; carbon coating; contraction/extension times; mechanical properties; actuators AB New liquid crystal elastomer materials with properties that mimic the action of a muscle have been developed recently. Uniaxial contraction of a free standing film of the material can be achieved by heating the film through the nematic to isotropic phase transition. In this paper, carbon coating of such a material is shown to be an effective approach for enhancing the response of a free standing elastomer film to an external stimulus. The heat is generated in the carbon coating by absorption of infrared laser radiation and then conducted through the bulk. It is shown that this leads to a significant reduction in the actuation response time without substantially affecting mechanical properties. This demonstration opens up new opportunities for application of liquid crystal elastomers as actuators. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Geocenters Inc, USN, Res Lab, Newton Ctr, MA 02159 USA. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, 6A W Taylor St,MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2-3 BP 184 EP 188 AR PII S0924-4247(01)00793-2 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00793-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 532WH UT WOS:000174497700013 ER PT J AU Szmytkowski, J Stampor, W Kalinowski, J Kafafi, ZH AF Szmytkowski, J Stampor, W Kalinowski, J Kafafi, ZH TI Electric field-assisted dissociation of singlet excitons in tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTROMODULATION; LUMINESCENCE AB Results based on the electric-field dependence of electro-modulated fluorescence and steady-state photoconduction in films of tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)) are consistent with a model where singlet excitons dissociate into electron-hole pairs through charge transfer state. Dissociation into free carriers or predominantly geminate recombination results from this inter-mediate state. The quantum efficiency of charge separation is in agreement with predictions based on a model using the three-dimensional Onsager theory of geminate recombination combined with volume (bimolecular) recombination of the photogenerated space charge. This model is used to account for the decrease in the electroluminescence quantum efficiency of Alq(3)-based organic light-emitting diodes at high electric fields. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gdansk Tech Univ, Dept Mol Phys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kalinowski, J (reprint author), Gdansk Tech Univ, Dept Mol Phys, Ul G Narutowicza 11-12, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1465 EP 1467 DI 10.1063/1.1450055 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 524JP UT WOS:000174009800050 ER PT J AU Davis, CO Bowles, J Leathers, RA Korwan, D Downes, TV Snyder, WA Rhea, WJ Chen, W Fisher, J Bissett, WP Reisse, RA AF Davis, CO Bowles, J Leathers, RA Korwan, D Downes, TV Snyder, WA Rhea, WJ Chen, W Fisher, J Bissett, WP Reisse, RA TI Ocean PHILLS hyperspectral imager: design, characterization, and calibration SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PUSHBROOM IMAGING SPECTROMETERS; OBSERVER NEMO SATELLITE; SENSORS AB The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) is a hyperspectral imager specifically designed for imaging the coastal ocean. It uses a thinned, backside-illuminated CCD for high sensitivity and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a nearly distortion-free image. The sensor, which was constructed entirely from commercially available components, has been successfully deployed during several oceanographic experiments in 1999-2001. Here we describe the instrument design and present the results of laboratory characterization and calibration. We also present examples of remote-sensing reflectance data obtained from the LEO-15 site in New Jersey that agrees well with ground-truth measurements. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM davis@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.bowles@nrl.navy.mil; leathers@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; korwan@poamb.nrl.navy.mil; downes@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; snyder@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; rhea@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; chen@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; brandywine.optics@verizon.net; pbissett@flenvironmental.org; rareisse@postoffice.worldnet.att.net NR 17 TC 127 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1364/OE.10.000210 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 525JV UT WOS:000174066500002 PM 19424352 ER PT J AU Mishra, IB Russell, TP AF Mishra, IB Russell, TP TI Thermal stability of ammonium dinitramide SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ammonium dinitramide (AD); Verkade's super base (VC); hexamethylene tetramine ID DECOMPOSITION; ISOCYANATES; DETONATION; SALTS AB The low temperature thermal stability of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and efforts to improve the thermal stability are presented. The decomposition rates of ADN at 60, 70, 80, and 90 degreesC were investigated. Several potential thermal stabilizers were investigated to suppress the low temperature decomposition (60-90 degreesC) of ADN. The potential stabilizers investigated were potassium fluoride, potassium dinitramide, a 6-member ring or polymeric phosphorous compound [P(C6H5)](6.polymer), and perhydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4.6-trione, commonly known as Verkade's super base (VC). Comparison of the decomposition of pure ADN and 1-2% by mass mixtures of ADN and the potential stabilizers are presented. Finally, the low temperature stabilizers are compared to hexamethylene tetramine (commonly known as urotropine or hexamine). Verkade's super base is found to be most effective. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, ASEE Summer Visiting Fac, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Mishra, IB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Chem Prop Informat Agcy, 10630 Little Patuxent Pkwy,Suite 202, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 47 EP 56 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00776-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00776-6 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000004 ER PT J AU Park, J Chakraborty, D Jamindar, S Xia, WS Lin, MC Bedford, C AF Park, J Chakraborty, D Jamindar, S Xia, WS Lin, MC Bedford, C TI Thermal decomposition of 2,2-bis(difluoroamino) propane studied by FTIR spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations: the primary dissociation kinetics and the mechanism for decomposition of the (CH3)(2)CNF2 radical SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE thermal decomposition; 2,2-bis(difluoroamino) propane; propellants ID REACTION COORDINATE; BOND LENGTH AB The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of 2,2-bis(difluoroamino) propane (BDFP) has been studied by pyrolysis/FTIR spectrometry at temperatures between 528 and 553 K using toluene as radical scavenger. The disappearance of BDFP was found to follow the first-order kinetics with the rate constant, k(1) = 10(16.0+/-0.7) exp [ - (24200 +/- 840) / T] s(-1), which agrees closely with the expression obtained by Fokin et al. [Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 332 (1993) 7351, k(1) = 10(15.60) exp(-23600/T) s(-1). The measured large A-factor supports the earlier conclusion that the primary fragmentation process corresponds to the breaking of one of the two NF2 groups. The measured activation energy is also consistent with the predicted first C-N bond dissociation energy, 44-48 kcal/mol, by the hybrid density-functional theory and that evaluated by variational RRKM calculations fitting the observed rate constant, 47.9 kcal/mol. The 2-difluoroamino propyl radical, (CH3)(2)CNF2, was predicted to be thermally unstable, producing readily F atoms and HF molecules via the (CH3)(2)CFNF intermediate. The quantum-chemically predicted mechanisms for the fragmentation of (CH3)(2)C(NF2)(2) and (CH3)(2)CNF2 agree with the product distribution reported by Ross and coworkers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94 (1972) 87761. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Lin, MC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 101 EP 111 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00781-X DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00781-X PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000009 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Gilardi, R Baum, K Trivedi, NJ AF Butcher, RJ Gilardi, R Baum, K Trivedi, NJ TI The structural chemistry of energetic compounds containing geminal-difluoramino groups SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE difluoramines; propellant ingredients; crystal structures ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SALTS; DINITRAMIDE AB This report discusses the structural chemistry of four molecules containing geminal-difluoramine (NF2) groups. They are: 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(difluoramino)cyclohexane (1), monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 6.277(l), b = 10.502(2), c = 7.910(l) A, beta = 99.50(1)degrees; 1-[3-[5,5-bis(difluoramino)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]-2-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-2.5-dione (2), monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a 12.994(l), b = 8.4799(8), c = 13.142(l) Angstrom, beta = 102.998(7)degrees 1-[2,2-bis(difluoramino)propyl]-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (3), monoclinic, P2(1), a = 6.488(l), b = 9.508(2), c = 8.612(l) Angstrom, beta = 105.52(l)degrees; and 2-[2,2-bis(difluoramino)propyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione (4), orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 15.718(l), b = 7.0818(5), c = 22.039(2) Angstrom. The pyramidal difluoramine group sometimes displays extensive torsional disorder in crystals, but in each of the structures reported here, the geminal-NF2 groups are primarily ordered, due to interactions with their steric environments. There are increases in the thermal parameters of the fluorine atoms indicating libration in some cases, where there are fewer steric demands in the NF2 environment. The conformation adopted by each NF2 group can be explained in terms of minimization of non-bonded (FH)-H-... and (FF)-F-... contacts. All NF2 groups are nonplanar and show unusual metrical parameters compared to amines containing no fluoro substituents. The interior F-N-F and C-N-F angles are very small, indicating a high degree of pyramidalization. This type of behavior has been attributed to ppi-s resonance and electrostatic effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Fluorochem Inc, Environm Syst Div, Azusa, CA 91702 USA. Energet Mat Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), POB 49028, San Jose, CA 95161 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 219 EP 227 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00807-3 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00807-3 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000018 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Wilson, WS Fronabarger, JW Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS AF Chapman, RD Wilson, WS Fronabarger, JW Merwin, LH Ostrom, GS TI Prospects of fused polycyclic nitroazines as thermally insensitive energetic materials SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE nitropyridazines; polynitroazines; nitroheterocycles; nitroheteroaromatic; nucleophilic substitution ID PYRIDAZINE DERIVATIVES; AROMATIC-AMINES; OXIDATION; DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE; SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOPHILES; HETEROCYCLES; EXPLOSIVES; CHEMISTRY; 1-OXIDES AB Novel chemical structures originally proposed as new thermally insensitive explosives were certain zero- to low-hydrogen-content, polynitro, polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds based on nitrogenous heterocycles. The proposed compounds were expected to be high-density materials with explosive yields in the RDX-to-HMX range, but with high melting points, good shock sensitivity, and significantly better thermal stabilities. Originally proposed candidates incorporated 3,6-dinitropyridazine as a structural feature, Based on the experimental results and on conclusions drawn from a careful consideration of principles of reactivity of this general class of compound-polynitroazines-important lessons were learned that are applicable to future choices of practical new energetic materials targets. A conclusion is drawn that the intractability of certain polynitroazine target compounds unavoidably arises from an extraordinary susceptibility to ubiquitous environmental contaminants such as water. The recognition of this structure-property relationship should have an important payoff toward future choices of target compounds. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Pacific Sci Energet Mat Co, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Weap Div, Code 4T4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM chapmanrd@navair.navy.mil NR 64 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 229 EP 243 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00798-5 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00798-5 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000019 ER PT J AU Kunz, AB Kulja, MM Botcher, TR Russell, TP AF Kunz, AB Kulja, MM Botcher, TR Russell, TP TI Initiation of chemistry in molecular solids by processes involving electronic excited states SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE initiation of chemistry; electronically excited states; RDX ID SILVER AZIDE; RDX; DECOMPOSITION; DEFECTS AB This article presents a description of the initiation of chemistry in molecular solids by laser excitation under high-pressure conditions. An experimental and theoretical study on the initiation of cyclotrimethylene triamine (RDX) suggests that the initiation process involve electronically excited states. Ab initio calculations on RDX crystals including vacancies and edge dislocations are used to provide an interpretation of the measured RDX initiation properties at pressures up to 5.0 GPa and 2 laser fluences between 1.0 and 10 J/cm(2). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kunz, AB (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 279 EP 284 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00804-8 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000023 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Gramzinski, RA Aguiar, JC Sim, BKL Narum, DL Fuhrmann, SR Kumar, S Obaldia, N Hoffman, SL AF Jones, TR Gramzinski, RA Aguiar, JC Sim, BKL Narum, DL Fuhrmann, SR Kumar, S Obaldia, N Hoffman, SL TI Absence of antigenic competition in Aotus monkeys immunized with Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccines delivered as a mixture SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria; immunization; DNA vaccines ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN; CELL EPITOPES; OWL MONKEY; MALARIA; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; INFECTION AB Aotus lemurinus lemurinus monkeys were immunized four times with one of three DNA plasmids expressing important Plasmodium falciparum blood stage vaccine candidate proteins or with a mixture containing all three vaccines. The three vaccines encoded sequences from apical merozoite antigen-1 (AMA-1), erythrocyte binding protein-175 (EBA-175) and merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1). Antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) showed no significant differences in antibody titer induced to the three antigens by a single vaccine compared with the titer induced to that same antigen by the trivalent preparation. Results of immunofluorescent antibody assays against erythrocytes infected with asexual blood stage P. falciparum indicated that each of the three monovalent vaccines induced significant antibody responses to whole parasites. The trivalent vaccine mixture induced, after four immunizations, an antibody titer to whole parasites that was 3-12-fold higher than those induced by any of the single vaccines. The fourth immunization with the trivalent vaccine increased the mean antibody in IFAT by more than five-fold. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. EntreMed Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Promed Trading SA, Panama City, Panama. Gorgas Mem Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Jones, TR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 11-12 BP 1675 EP 1680 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00513-8 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00513-8 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 536DR UT WOS:000174685900027 PM 11858878 ER PT J AU Khokhlov, AM Novikov, ID AF Khokhlov, AM Novikov, ID TI Gauge stability of 3+1 formulations of general relativity SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN EVOLUTION-EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL RELATIVITY; ART.; SYSTEM; SIMULATION AB We present a general approach to the analysis of gauge stability of 3 + 1 formulations of general relativity (GR). Evolution of coordinate perturbations and the corresponding perturbations of lapse and shift can be described by a system of eight quasi-linear partial differential equations. Stability with respect to gauge perturbations depends on the choice of gauge and a background metric, but it does not depend on a particular form of a 3 + 1 system if its constrained solutions are equivalent to those of the Einstein equations. Stability of a number of known gauges is investigated in the limit of short-wavelength perturbations. All fixed gauges except a synchronous gauge are found to be ill posed. A maximal slicing gauge and its parabolic extension are shown to be ill posed as well. A necessary condition is derived for well-posedness of metric-dependent algebraic gauges. Well-posed metric-dependent gauges are found, however, to be generally unstable. Both instability and ill-posedness are associated with the existence of growing modes of coordinate perturbations related to perturbations of physical accelerations of reference frames. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Computat Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Theoret Astrophys Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. P N Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 118710, Russia. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Khokhlov, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Computat Lab, Code 6404, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD FEB 21 PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 827 EP 846 AR PII S0264-9381(02)30772-X DI 10.1088/0264-9381/19/4/314 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 531YD UT WOS:000174444100015 ER PT J AU Choi, Y George, C Strazewski, P Marquez, VE AF Choi, Y George, C Strazewski, P Marquez, VE TI Synthesis of a conformationally locked version of puromycin amino nucleoside SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBOCYCLIC NUCLEOSIDES; ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE; NEPLANOCIN-C; SUGAR RING; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; TEMPLATE; ANALOGS AB [GRAPHICS] A conformationally locked carbocyclic version of puromycin amino nucleoside was synthesized via Mitsunobu coupling of a 3-azido-substituted carbocyclic moiety with 6-chloropurine without interference from the azido group reacting with triphenylphosphine. The requisite 3-azido-substituted carbocyclic pseudosugar was prepared by a double inversion of configuration at C3' (nucleoside numbering) involving a nucleophilic displacement with azide. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, Canc Res Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Lab Syntheses Biomol, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Med Chem Lab, Canc Res Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Choi, Yongseok/F-8375-2012 OI Choi, Yongseok/0000-0002-3622-3439 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD FEB 21 PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1021/ol010288c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 522FR UT WOS:000173885800030 PM 11843598 ER PT J AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI TI One-parameter two-term Henyey-Greenstein phase function for light scattering in seawater SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATERS; SEA AB A one-parameter two-term Henyey-Greenstein (TTHG) phase function of light scattering in seawater is proposed. The original three-parameter TTHG phase function was reduced to the one-parameter TTHG phase function by use of experimentally derived regression dependencies between integral parameters of the marine phase functions. An approach to calculate a diffuse attenuation coefficient in the depth of seawater is presented. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM haltrin@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 22 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1028 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001022 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 523CN UT WOS:000173934400007 PM 11900120 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Laming, JM AF Savin, DW Laming, JM TI Uncertainties in dielectronic recombination rate coefficients: Effects on solar and stellar upper atmosphere abundance determinations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE atomic data; atomic processes; stars : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : transition region ID ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; B-LIKE IONS; INTERMEDIATE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; LITHIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; DIRAC-FOCK CALCULATIONS; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; X 10(5) K; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB We have investigated how the relative elemental abundances inferred from the solar upper atmosphere are affected by uncertainties in the dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients used to analyze the spectra. We find that the inferred relative abundances can be up to a factor of approximate to5 smaller or approximate to1.6 larger than those inferred using the currently recommended DR rate coefficients. We have also found a plausible set of variations to the DR rate coefficients that improve the inferred (and expected) isothermal nature of solar coronal observations at heights of greater than or similar to50" off the solar limb. Our results can be used to help prioritize the enormous amount of DR data needed for modeling solar and stellar upper atmospheres. Based on the work here, our list of needed rate coefficients for DR onto specific isoelectronic sequences reads, in decreasing order of importance, as follows : O-like, C-like, Be-like, N-like, B-like, F-like, Li-like, He-like, and Ne-like. It is our hope that this work will help to motivate and prioritize future experimental and theoretical studies of DR. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Savin, DW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 120 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 566 IS 2 BP 1166 EP 1177 DI 10.1086/338271 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520WE UT WOS:000173804900049 ER PT J AU Strother, T Knickerbocker, T Russell, JN Butler, JE Smith, LM Hamers, RJ AF Strother, T Knickerbocker, T Russell, JN Butler, JE Smith, LM Hamers, RJ TI Photochemical functionalization of diamond films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CYCLOADDITION CHEMISTRY; SURFACE; MONOLAYERS; ELECTRODES; ATTACHMENT; 1-ALKENES; SILICON; LEED; XPS AB We report a new scheme for attachment of functionalized organic molecules to polycrystalline diamond films. In this scheme, ultraviolet light is used to cause a local reaction between a hydrogen-terminated diamond surface and organic molecules present as a thin overlayer liquid film. Comparison of functionalized alkenes and alkanes shows that alkenes attach more efficiently. By attaching organic molecules with suitable protecting groups and then deprotecting after attachment to the surface, it is possible to prepare diamond surfaces terminated with carboxylic acid groups or with primary amine groups. These functional groups may serve as an attractive starting point for further chemical modification of diamond surfaces. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 29 TC 204 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 19 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 968 EP 971 DI 10.1021/la0112561 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524JK UT WOS:000174009300003 ER PT J AU Wong, EM Markowitz, MA Qadri, SB Golledge, SL Castner, DG Gaber, BP AF Wong, EM Markowitz, MA Qadri, SB Golledge, SL Castner, DG Gaber, BP TI Preparation of quaternary ammonium organosilane functionalized mesoporous thin films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SILICA FILMS AB The preparation of surfactant-templated periodic mesoporous silica thin films functionalized with N-((trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMAC) is described. The supramolecular self-assembly of the triblock copolymer, Pluronic 123, served as a template for the formation of these functionalized silane films. In the as-prepared and extracted conditions, the films exhibited the p6 mm type hexagonal mesostructure with a large unit cell (a = 8.5-9.6 nm). Contraction of the films during heat treatment (250 degreesC for 2 h) reduced the pore spacing perpendicular to the substrate yielding Fm3m pore ordering, confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ellipsometry measurements revealed the films to have thickness of similar to400 nm in the as-prepared condition and similar to300 nm in the heat-treated condition, a total shrinkage of similar to25% perpendicular to the substrate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed the incorporation of the TMAC to be 76-90% of the amount initially added followed surfactant extraction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Natl ESCA Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Natl ESCA Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 19 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 972 EP 974 DI 10.1021/la015623k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524JK UT WOS:000174009300004 ER PT J AU Yang, MJ Cheng, KA Yang, CH Culbertson, JC AF Yang, MJ Cheng, KA Yang, CH Culbertson, JC TI A nanofabrication scheme for InAs/AlSb heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM WIRES; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; BERRYS PHASE; NANOSTRUCTURES; TRANSPORT; RINGS; WELLS AB We report a technique for nanofabrication in the InAs/GaSb/AlSb 6.1 Angstrom material system that utilizes the large difference in the surface Fermi level pinning position for InAs [E-f(s)(InAs)] compared with that for AlSb. An InAs/AlSb single quantum well is capped with a 3 nm, intentionally p-doped InAs layer. As a result of its construction and a relatively low E-f(s)(InAs) there are no free carriers in the InAs/AlSb single quantum well making the quantum well insulating as-grown. Simply by selectively removing the thin p-doped InAs cap layer with a wet etch, the surface Fermi level becomes pinned on AlSb and shifted upward by half an electron volt. This results in a drastic change in band bending and creates a conducting electron channel in the buried InAs quantum well. We demonstrate with experiment and the support of a self-consistent band bending calculation that this scheme is highly effective for nanofabrication. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1201 EP 1203 DI 10.1063/1.1449526 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 522LA UT WOS:000173896400031 ER PT J AU Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Itskos, G Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A AF Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Itskos, G Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A TI Efficient electrical spin injection from a magnetic metal/tunnel barrier contact into a semiconductor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; POLARIZATION; METAL; HETEROSTRUCTURE; JUNCTIONS AB We report electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal contact into a semiconductor light emitting diode structure with an injection efficiency of 30% which persists to room temperature. The Schottky barrier formed at the Fe/AlGaAs interface provides a natural tunnel barrier for injection of spin polarized electrons under reverse bias. These carriers radiatively recombine, emitting circularly polarized light, and the quantum selection rules relating the optical and carrier spin polarizations provide a quantitative, model-independent measure of injection efficiency. This demonstrates that spin injecting contacts can be formed using a widely employed contact methodology, providing a ready pathway for the integration of spin transport into semiconductor processing technology. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hanbicki@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Itskos, Grigorios/0000-0003-3971-3801 NR 25 TC 548 Z9 560 U1 6 U2 76 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1240 EP 1242 DI 10.1063/1.1449530 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 522LA UT WOS:000173896400044 ER PT J AU Kirchoefer, SW Cukauskas, EJ Barker, NS Newman, HS Chang, W AF Kirchoefer, SW Cukauskas, EJ Barker, NS Newman, HS Chang, W TI Barium-strontium-titanate thin films for application in radio-frequency-microelectromechanical capacitive switches SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this letter we report the application of barium-strontium-titanate (BST) thin film oxides as the dielectric layer in radio-frequency-microelectromechanical system (rf-MEMS) capacitive switches. BST thin films deposited at ambient temperature by off-axis sputtering have been employed for application in rf-MEMS switches. Their dielectric properties have been characterized in the frequency range from 1 to 20 GHz both on magnesium oxide and on gold metal films. Switches have been fabricated which demonstrate promising on-state capacitance and good dielectric breakdown properties. Dielectric breakdown in excess of 400 kV/cm has been measured on switches cycled in excess of 2000 times during testing. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirchoefer, SW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1255 EP 1257 DI 10.1063/1.1450263 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 522LA UT WOS:000173896400049 ER PT J AU Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Marcus, MH Bucaro, JA Liu, X Vignola, JF AF Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Marcus, MH Bucaro, JA Liu, X Vignola, JF TI Thermoelastic loss in microscale oscillators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-FRICTION; FILMS; RESONANCE AB A simple model of thermoelastic dissipation is proposed for general, free standing microelectromechanical (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) oscillators. The theory defines a flexural modal participation factor, the fraction of potential energy stored in flexure, and approximates the internal friction by assuming the energy loss to occur solely via classical thermoelastic dissipation of this component of the motion. The theory is compared to the measured internal friction of a high Q mode of a single-crystal silicon double paddle oscillator. The loss at high temperature (above 150 K) is found to be in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. The importance of this dissipation mechanism as a function of scale is briefly discussed. We find that the relative importance of this mechanism scales with the size of the structure, and that for nanoscale structures it is less important than intrinsic phonon-phonon scattering. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM houston@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1300 EP 1302 DI 10.1063/1.1449534 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 522LA UT WOS:000173896400064 ER PT J AU Lvov, Y Price, R Gaber, B Ichinose, I AF Lvov, Y Price, R Gaber, B Ichinose, I TI Thin film nanofabrication via layer-by-layer adsorption of tubule halloysite, spherical silica, proteins and polycations SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Organized Molecular Films (LB9) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2000 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY DE halloysites; polycations; alcohol dehydrogenase ID MULTILAYER; KAOLINITE AB The microcylinders of halloysite of 50 nm diameter, 500 nm length and with 20 nm diameter hollow inner core were used in the assembly by alternate adsorption with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), which resulted in the formation of ordered multilayers containing from 2 up to 20 layers of the tubules glued together by polycation interlayers. The tubules in each monolayer are loosely packed; they form a network in the remaining 50% empty space. The total thickness of the (halloysite,,PEI),4 film was found to be 720 nm., i.e. 54 nm for the layer pair. The tubule; sphere superlattice films were also assembled through alternation of halloysite, 45-nm diameter silica spheres and linear polycations, An assembly of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and halloysite loaded with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in alternation with PEI was accomplished. This assembly is designed to provide a direct supply of the ADH-cofactor to the enzyme immobilized in polyion films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Lvov, Y (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, POB 10137, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012 NR 16 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 198 SI SI BP 375 EP 382 AR PII S0927-7757(01)00970-0 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00970-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 532VM UT WOS:000174495800046 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G TI MHD unstable modes in the 3D evolution of 2D MHD structures and the diminished role of coalescence instabilities SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; coalescence instability; secondary instabilities ID PLANE SHEET PINCH; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; ISLANDS; TRANSITION AB The coalescence instability is a widely studied, two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic process by which magnetic islands can merge at growth rates exceeding those of the resistive instability. We present three-dimensional numerical simulations which indicate that, under a broad range of conditions, the coalescence instability will not significantly affect the evolution of a magnetofluid because it is overwhelmed by three-dimensional dynamics. The new 3D unstable modes are ideal. They exhibit fast growth at short wavelengths, a desirable feature for transitioning to turbulence. At long times the system is dominated by structure aligned with the large scale magnetic field, contrary to what is expected as a result of coalescence. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 294 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 AR PII S0375-9601(02)00027-0 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00027-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 526ZU UT WOS:000174160200009 ER PT J AU Michelsen, HA Manney, GL Irion, FW Toon, GC Gunson, MR Rinsland, CP Zander, R Mahieu, E Newchurch, MJ Purcell, PN Remsberg, EE Russell, JM Pumphrey, HC Waters, JW Bevilacqua, RM Kelly, KK Hintsa, EJ Weinstock, EM Chiou, EW Chu, WP McCormick, MP Webster, CR AF Michelsen, HA Manney, GL Irion, FW Toon, GC Gunson, MR Rinsland, CP Zander, R Mahieu, E Newchurch, MJ Purcell, PN Remsberg, EE Russell, JM Pumphrey, HC Waters, JW Bevilacqua, RM Kelly, KK Hintsa, EJ Weinstock, EM Chiou, EW Chu, WP McCormick, MP Webster, CR TI ATMOS version 3 water vapor measurements: Comparisons with observations from two ER-2 Lyman-alpha hygrometers, MkIV, HALOE, SAGE II, MAS, and MLS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water vapor; comparison; validation; ATMOS; stratosphere ID TRACE MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY; GAS EXPERIMENT-II; MICROWAVE LIMB SOUNDER; MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTROMETER; TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NOVEMBER 1994 AB [1] We have compared a new version of Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment (ATMOS) retrievals (version 3) of stratospheric and mesospheric water vapor with observations from shuttleborne, satelliteborne, balloonborne, and aircraftborne instruments. These retrievals show agreement to within 5% with the MkIV observations in the middle and lower stratosphere. ATMOS agrees with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Lyman-alpha hygrometer to within 5% except for features with spatial scales less than the vertical resolution of ATMOS (such as the lower stratospheric seasonal cycle). ATMOS observations are 10-16% lower than measurements from the Harvard Lyman-alpha hygrometer in the lower stratosphere and are 7-14% higher than those from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; prototype version 0104) throughout most of the stratosphere. Agreement is within 7% with the Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS; version 20) in the middle and upper stratosphere, but differences are closer to 13% in the lower stratosphere. Throughout the stratosphere, agreement is within 8% with the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE; version 19). ATMOS data from 1994 show agreement with the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II; version 6) values to within 8% in the middle stratosphere, but ATMOS observations are systematically higher than those from SAGE II by as much as 41% in the lower stratosphere. In contrast, ATMOS 1985 values are systematically similar to50% lower than SAGE II values from sunset occultations in the lower stratosphere near 70 hPa but appear to be in better agreement with sunrise occultations. Version 3 retrievals in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere are typically 5-10% lower than version 2 values between 1 and 0.05 hPa. This reduction improves agreement with HALOE, MAS, and MLS upper atmospheric observations, but ATMOS values still tend to be higher than values from these instruments in the middle mesosphere. Agreement among the instruments compared here (except for SAGE II) is generally within 15% in the middle to lower stratosphere and mesosphere and within 10% in the middle to upper stratosphere. At altitudes near 30 km, all instruments (including SAGE II) agree to within 10%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Meteorol, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Tribal DDB, New York, NY USA. RP Michelsen, HA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9055,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hamiche@ca.sandia.gov; manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; fwi@caesar.jpl.nasa.gov; toon@mark4sun.jpl.nasa.gov; mrg@derecho.jpl.nasa.gov; c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov; zander@astro.ulg.ac.be; mahieu@astro.ulg.ac.be; mike@atmos.uah.edu; ppurcell@tribalddb.com; e.e.remsberg@larc.nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu; hcp@met.ed.ac.uk; joe@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; bevilacq@poamb.nrl.navy.mil; kellyk@al.noaa.gov; ehintsa@whoi.edu; elliot@huarp.harvard.edu; e.chiou@larc.nasa.gov; w.p.chu@larc.nasa.gov; pat.mccormick@hamptonu.edu; chris.r.webster@jpl.nasa.gov NR 84 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D3 AR 4027 DI 10.1029/2001JD000587 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609EF UT WOS:000178890100008 ER PT J AU Lakowicz, JR Shen, YB D'Auria, S Malicka, J Fang, JY Gryczynski, Z Gryczynski, I AF Lakowicz, JR Shen, YB D'Auria, S Malicka, J Fang, JY Gryczynski, Z Gryczynski, I TI Radiative decay engineering 2. Effects of silver island films on fluorescence intensity, lifetimes, and resonance energy transfer SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; EXCITED-STATE; BURST SIZE; DNA; SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES; DEPENDENCE; MOLECULES AB Metallic surfaces can have unusual effects on fluorophores such as increasing or decreasing the rates of radiative decay and the rates of resonance energy transfer (RET). In the present article we describe the effects of metallic silver island films on the emission spectra, lifetimes, and energy transfer for several fluorophores. The fluorophores are not covalently coupled to the silver islands so that there are a range of fluorophore-to-metal distances. We show that proximity of fluorophores to the silver islands results in increased fluorescence intensity, with the largest enhancement for the lowest-quantum-yield fluorophores. Importantly, the metal-induced increases in intensity are accompanied by decreased lifetimes and increased photostability. These effects demonstrate that the silver islands have increased the radiative decay rates of the fluorophore. For solvent-sensitive fluorophores the emission spectra shifted to shorted wavelengths in the presence of the silver islands, which is consistent with a decrease of the apparent lifetime for fluorophores near the metal islands. We also observed an increased intensity and blue spectral shift for the protein human glyoxalase, which displays a low quantum yield for its intrinsic tryptophan emission. In this case the blue shift is thought to be due to increased emission from a buried low-quantum-yield tryptophan residue. Increased intensities were also observed for the intrinsic emission of the nucleic acid bases adenine and thymine and for single-stranded 15-mers poly(T) and poly(C). And finally, we observed increased RET for donors and acceptors in solution and when bound to double-helical DNA. These results demonstrate that metallic particles can be used to modify the emission from intrinsic and extrinsic fluorophores in biochemical systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NRL, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lakowicz, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08119] NR 55 TC 477 Z9 483 U1 3 U2 102 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 301 IS 2 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5503 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 524JB UT WOS:000174008600012 PM 11814297 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Tran, PT Mattoussi, H Charles, PT Mauro, JM AF Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Tran, PT Mattoussi, H Charles, PT Mauro, JM TI Conjugation of luminescent quantum dots with antibodies using an engineered adaptor protein to provide new reagents for fluoroimmunoassays SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; LABELS AB We describe the preparation and characterization of bioinorganic conjugates made with highly luminescent semiconductor CdSe-ZnS core- shell quantum dots (QDs) and antibodies for use in fluoroimmunoassays. The conjugation strategy employs an engineered molecular adaptor protein, attached to the QDs via electrostatic/hydrophobic self-assembly, to link the inorganic fluorophore with antibodies. In this method, the number of antibodies conjugated to a single QD can be varied. In addition, we have developed a simple purification strategy based on mixed-composition conjugates of the molecular adaptor and a second two-domain protein that allows the use of affinity chromatography. QD-antibody conjugates were successfully used in fluoroimmunoassays for detection of both a protein toxin (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) and a small molecule (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 24 TC 307 Z9 335 U1 4 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 4 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1021/ac010662m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 522UL UT WOS:000173915300015 PM 11866065 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Niemtzow, RC Riffenburgh, RH AF Johnstone, PAS Niemtzow, RC Riffenburgh, RH TI Acupuncture for xerostomia - Clinical update SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE acupuncture; alternative and complementary therapies; auriculo-therapy; cancer; palliation; xerostomia ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; NECK-CANCER; HEAD; AMIFOSTINE; MEDICINE; RADIOPROTECTOR; PILOCARPINE; INVENTORY AB BACKGROUND. In the authors' clinic, patients with xerostomia after radiation therapy for malignancy have been offered acupuncture as potential palliation of their symptoms since November 1999. Preliminary data revealed that many patients achieve relief, even for symptoms refractory to pilocarpine therapy. METHODS. Acupuncture technique has been refined since the authors' previous publication. Originally described as a two-step process, a single treatment with eight needles is now used. Three points are treated in each ear, and one in the radial aspect of each index finger. Patients are also provided a sugar-free lozenge in the mouth to further stimulate salivation. Response is measured by the xerostomia inventory (XI). RESULTS. Fifty patients have undergone 318 treatments (median, 5; range, 2-15 treatments). Median follow-up since the first treatment is 224 days (range, 9-455 days). Median palliation as described by the XI was 9 points (range, 0-25 points). Response (defined as improvement of 10% or better over baseline XI values) occurred in 35 patients (70%). Twenty-four patients (48%) have received benefit of 10 points or greater on the XL Duration of effect for 13 patients (26%) has exceeded 3 months. CONCLUSIONS. Acupuncture palliates xerostomia for many patients. A regimen of three to four weekly treatments followed by monthly sessions is now recommended, although some patients achieve lasting response without further therapy. (C) 2002 American Cancer Society. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Radiat Oncol Serv, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Clin Invest Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Radiat Oncol Serv, Suite 14,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1156 DI 10.1002/cncr.10348 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 522QC UT WOS:000173907600034 PM 11920486 ER PT J AU Lvov, YM Price, RR AF Lvov, YM Price, RR TI Nanoparticle/polyion assembly on microtemplates (lipid tubules and latex spheres) SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Organized Molecular Films (LB9) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2000 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY DE polymers; nanoparticles; lipid tubules ID PARTICLES; MULTILAYERS; FILMS AB This new approach to the nanofabrication of three-dimensional sub-micron structures utilizes charged nanoscale materials and self-assembled lipid tubules as an approach to ordered assembly. Nanoparticle structures were assembled onto lipid tubules through the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polymers and 45-nm silica spheres. For tubules of the zwitterionic 1,2 di-(10,12-pentacosadiynoyl)-sn-3-phosphatidylcholine)-DC8,11PC, this process leads to the formation of caps on the ends of the tubules, with 50-100 silica spheres in each cap. For tubules of DC8,11PC mixed with 2% of the charged lipid, the sequential adsorption leads to both end caps and helices of nanoparticles winding around the interior surface of the walls of the microtubules. In another approach, the shell assembly of 75-nm diameter silica spheres and 35-nm latex onto 200-nm diameter spherical templates are presented. Utilizing modified and unmodified nanoparticles, results in flocculation and formation of a super-crystal, the larger particles in it are separated by a layer of smaller particles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 SI SI BP 251 EP 256 AR PII S0927-7765(01)00264-8 DI 10.1016/S0927-7765(01)00264-8 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524EG UT WOS:000173998900002 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Wu, PK Horwitz, JS Callahan, JH Galicia, M Vertes, A McGill, RA Houser, EJ Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB AF Bubb, DM Wu, PK Horwitz, JS Callahan, JH Galicia, M Vertes, A McGill, RA Houser, EJ Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB TI The effect of the matrix on film properties in matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 193 NM; POLYMER; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DESORPTION; ABLATION; DELIVERY; CHLORINE; SURFACES AB Thin films of polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 1400 amu have been deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). The deposition was carried out in vacuum (similar to10(-6) Torr) with an ArF (lambda=193 nm) laser at a fluence of 220-230 mJ/cm2. Films were deposited on NaCl plates and glass microscope slides. Both deionized water (H2O) and chloroform (CHCl3) were used as matrices. The physiochemical properties of the films are compared via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The results show that the matrix used during MAPLE can greatly affect the chemical structure and molecular weight distribution of the deposited film. The infrared absorption spectrum shows evidence for C-Cl bond formation when CHCl3 is used as a matrix, while there is little evidence in the IR data for photochemical modification when H2O is used as a matrix. Time-of-flight analysis was performed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer to monitor evaporation of a frozen CHCl3 target during laser exposure. Using this approach, we determined that the TOF spectra for m/z=35 (Cl) and m/z=85 (CHCl2) differed significantly in both width and peak arrival time, indicating that neutral chlorine atoms were produced at the target surface. We attribute the reduction in molecular weight and structural modification of the film deposited using CHCl3 to the presence of these highly reactive species. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20001 USA. So Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Code 6370,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bubbdani@shu.edu RI Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008 OI Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352 NR 30 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 4 BP 2055 EP 2058 DI 10.1063/1.1427138 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 516LB UT WOS:000173553800046 ER PT J AU Gorgas, TJ Wilkens, RH AF Gorgas, TJ Wilkens, RH TI Sedimentation rates off SW Africa since the late Miocene deciphered from spectral analyses of borehole and GRA bulk density profiles: ODP Sites 1081-1084 SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE South Atlantic; Milankovitch; Benguela Current; SW Africa; bulk density; marine sediments; spectral analysis; Fourier; sedimentation rates; SST ID WATER CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BENGUELA; TIMESCALE; VOLUME AB Sedimentation rates (SRs) off SW Africa were calculated by performing spectral analyses in the depth domain on borehole and gamma-ray attenuation (GRA) bulk density data from ODP Sites 1081-1084, Inversion and integration of SRs versus depth from spectral analysis yielded detailed SR profiles in the time domain. Our technique allowed the detection of excursions in calculated SRs that not only often differed from those established through coarse-scaled biostratigraphic data, but also revealed a greater regional variability in the sediment accumulation over time. High-resolution bulk density data exhibited distinct periodicity in the waveband of Milankovitch cycles (precession at 19-23 kyr; obliquity at 41 kyr, eccentricity at 100 kyr). The pronounced Milankovitch cyclicity suggests that climate variability and trends in SRs along the Benguela Current System (BCS) were responding to insolation patterns during the past 6 Myr. We find relatively low SRs when evolutive amplitude spectra are dominated by obliquity and eccentricity periods. In contrast, significant SR peaks at all sites often occur when strong precessional amplitudes coexist with obliquity and eccentricity cycles. Episodes of high SRs often coincide with peaks in organic carbon mass accumulation rates (MAR C-org) and reduced sea surface temperature (SST) in the southern Walvis Basin, which have been associated with increased regional upwelling. This suggests that the high SRs reflect high productivity (high MAR C-org) attributed to strong wind and upwelling intensity during cool climate periods (low SSTs) in accordance with orbital forcing patterns observed in our spectra. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Gorgas, TJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, 2540 Dole St,Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 180 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 47 AR PII S0025-3227(01)00204-3 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00204-3 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 533MU UT WOS:000174534900003 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Obloh, H Kozodoy, P DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK AF Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Obloh, H Kozodoy, P DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK TI Magnetic resonance studies of Mg-doped GaN epitaxial layers grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BANDS; WURTZITE GAN; SPIN-RESONANCE; LUMINESCENCE; COMPENSATION; IMPURITIES; EPILAYERS; SAPPHIRE; ORIGIN AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments have been performed on a set of GaN epitaxial layers doped with Mg from 2.5 x 10(18) to 5.0 x 10(19) cm(-3). The samples were also characterized by secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy (SIMS), temperature-dependent Hall effect, and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements. EPR at 9 QHz on the conductive films reveals a single line with g(parallel to)similar to2.1 and g(perpendicular to)similar to2 and is assigned to shallow Mg acceptors based on, The similarity of the spin density with that found for the number of uncompensated Mg shallow acceptors from Hall effect and the total Mg concentration by SIMS. PL bands of different character are observed from these layers,, including shallow-donor-shallow-acceptor recombination at 3.27 eV from the lowest,doped sample, and, in most cases, broad emission bands with peak energy between 2.9 and 3.2 eV from the more heavily doped films. In addition, several of the films exhibit a weal, broad emission band between 1.4 and 1.9 eV. ODMR at 24 GHz on the "blue" PL bands reveals two dominant features. The first is characterized by g(parallel to),g(perpendicular to)similar to1.95-1.96 and is assigned to. shallow effective-mass donors. The second line is described by similar g tensors as found by the EPR experiments and, thus, is also attributed to shallow Mg acceptors. Although several groups have related the 2.8 eV PL in heavily Mg-doped GaN with the formation of deep donors, no clear evidence was found from the ODMR on this emission for such centers. However, based on the near-midgap PL energy and the observation of the feature assigned to shallow Mg acceptors, the strongest case from magnetic resonance for the existence of deep donors in these films is the isotropic ODMR signal with g = 2.003 found on emission, <19 eV. Possible recombination mechanisms to account for-the ODMR on these "blue" and near-IR PL bands are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93016 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 8 AR 085312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.085312 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 529MJ UT WOS:000174303000052 ER PT J AU Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY AF Moore, WJ Freitas, JA Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY TI Magneto-optical studies of free-standing hydride-Vapor-phase epitaxial GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DONORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB Magneto-optical studies of donor excitation in, hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN are reported. Donor ground-to-excited state transitions are observed in the infrared for Si, O, and a third unidentified donor as a. function of magnetic field to 11 T. Transitions from the ground state to 2p(+/-) and 3p(+/-) excited states are studied. Values for effective mass ground and excited state binding energies are determined from the observed excited-state separation. We find a value of 29.1+/-0.5 meV for the effective-mass donor binding energy in GaN. Ground state binding energies for Si-Ga and O-N are 30.18+/-0.1 meV and 33.20+/-0.1 meV, respectively. Separation rates for the 2p(+) and 2p(-) excited states with magnetic field are consistent with an electron, effective mass of 0.22m(0). C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Moore, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 8 AR 081201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.081201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 529MJ UT WOS:000174303000007 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE Twigg, ME AF Jernigan, GG Thompson, PE Twigg, ME TI Analysis of growth on 75 mm Si (100) wafers by molecular beam epitaxy using in vacuo scanning tunneling microscopy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE scanning tunneling microscopy; molecular beam epitaxy; Si homoepitaxy; SiGe heteroepitaxy; Sb doping; B doping ID GE SURFACE SEGREGATION; DIFFRACTION INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SI(001) SURFACES; SI(100) FILMS; MBE GROWTH; SB; SILICON; LAYERS AB We have placed a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in vacuo with a commercial molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system for the study of interfaces during device growth. The STM was designed to accept 75 mm MBE wafers, thereby guaranteeing the STM results would be valid for device growths. We review the results of our investigations into the homoepitaxial growth of Si on Si, the heteroepitaxial growth of SiGe alloys and the doping of Si with Sb and B. All surfaces were produced by materials deposition rates at 0.1 run s(-1) and at growth temperatures between 350 and 800 degreesC. We report, for Si homoepitaxy, the transition in growth mode from step flow to 2-dimensional islanding as a function of temperature and we present new insights into the development of RHEED oscillations. Associated with the heteroepitaxial growth of SiGe alloys, we present the effect of Ge segregation and film strain on surface morphology. Doping of Si with Sb is shown to produce 3-dimensional islands and the doping of Si with B is shown to produce surface pits. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB 14 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 140 AR PII S0921-5107(01)00819-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(01)00819-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 524LR UT WOS:000174015300029 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J TI Thermal stability of ultra-shallow junctions in silicon formed by molecular-beam epitaxy using boron delta doping SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE Si; B; doping; ultra-shallow ID ION IMPLANTS; SI; SI(100); GROWTH; BF2 AB Ultra-shallow junction layers are required for deep submicron CMOS and quantum devices. Low-temperature (320 degreesC) molecular-beam epitaxy was used to form highly conductive, ultra-shallow layers in silicon using boron delta doping. The as-grown junction depths, determined with secondary ion mass spectrometry, ranged from 7 to 18 run. A minimum resistivity of 3 x 10(-4) Ohm-cm was obtained when the delta-doped layers were spaced 2.5 nm apart. The sheet resistances of the epitaxial layers, plotted as a function of junction depth, followed the theoretical curve for a box-doped layer having a boron doping concentration equal to the solid solubility limit, 6 x 10(20) cm(-3). Minimal change was detected in either the atomic profiles or the resistivity after a 10 s rapid thermal anneal (RTA) or a 10 min furnace anneal (FA) up to 700 degreesC. The sheet resistance of the as-grown shallow junction are substantially less than that obtained by ion implantation. Only after the 800 degreesC FA did the MBE-grown layers degrade to have as large a sheet resistance as the best ion implanted layers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Int SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB 14 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 215 AR PII S0921-5107(01)00855-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(01)00855-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 524LR UT WOS:000174015300045 ER PT J AU Long, JP Bullock, SE Buckley, LJ Russell, JN AF Long, JP Bullock, SE Buckley, LJ Russell, JN TI Areal inhomogeneities in vapor doped polyaniline films SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE polyaniline; emeraldine base; doped polymers; polymer processing; sheet resistance; optical spectroscopy ID DEPOSITED POLYANILINE; THIN-FILMS; METAL; EMERALDINE; BASE AB The conductivity of an initially insulating emeraldine base film can be controlled by adjusting its time of exposure to the vapor of a dopant solution. Before saturation doping is achieved, however, large nonuniformities in resistivity are measured in a spatial pattern related to the geometry of the sample and its support fixtures. Comparison of the spatial measurements to a gas-phase mass-transport analysis finds that the nonuniformity is attributable to a spatially varying flux of dopant incident on the sample from the vapor. The nonuniform flux is caused by diffusion-limited gas-transport of dopant vapor in response to uptake by the sample. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6125 4555 Overlock Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD FEB 14 PY 2002 VL 126 IS 2-3 BP 317 EP 323 AR PII S0379-6779(01)00578-1 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00578-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 528JL UT WOS:000174240600029 ER PT J AU Fatemi, M AF Fatemi, M TI An x-ray rocking curve technique for the absolute characterization of epitaxial layers and single-crystal solids SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-PARAMETER; STRAIN AB A rapid double-crystal x-ray diffractometer technique for the absolute measurement of lattice parameters in single crystals and epitaxial layers is introduced. The method is based on the principle that in a diffractometer aligned for rocking curve measurements within a given zone, the zero setting correction is the same for all crystal angles within the zone. The peak positions can thus be measured and corrected quickly, and the lattice parameters evaluated within each layer independently of others. The proof-of-principle tests are given for Si and InP, and the method is applied to a GaN film grown on an a-plane sapphire wafer. The method has unlimited accuracy depending only on the instrumental alignment and material quality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 6 BP 935 EP 937 DI 10.1063/1.1447012 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 517LW UT WOS:000173612900011 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Douglas, MR Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J AF Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Douglas, MR Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J TI Optimal wire-number range for high x-ray power in long-implosion-time aluminum Z pinches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; Z-ACCELERATOR; EMISSION; OPTIMIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; SYMMETRY; DENSITY; ENERGY; MASS AB Experiments performed on the 8-MA Saturn accelerator to investigate the effects of interwire gap spacing on long-implosion-time Z pinches have resulted in the observation of a regime of optimal wire number, The experiments varied the wire number of 40 and 32 rnm diam arrays, resulting in interwire gaps from 3.9 to 0.36 mm, with fixed mass and length. aluminum K-shell powers up to 3.4 TW were measured. with long, slow rising, lower power x-ray pulses for interwire gap, greater than 2.2 mm and less than 0.7 mm. and short, fast rising, higher power pulses for interwire gaps in the range 0.7-2.2 mm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 065001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.065001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300023 PM 11863814 ER PT J AU Hammar, PR Johnson, M AF Hammar, PR Johnson, M TI Detection of spin-polarized electrons injected into a two-dimensional electron gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; CHARGE AB The spin-dependent mean-free path of electrons in a high-mobility InAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is measured. Ferromagnetic metal/insulator/2DEG junctions are fabricated on a common channel in a nonlocal geometry and used as spin injectors and detectors. For electrons in spin-orbit eigenstates at 4.5 K, lower bounds for the spin mean-free path and relaxation time are Lambda(S) greater than or equal to 4.6 mum and tau(s) greater than or equal to 3.8 ps, respectively. The temperature dependence is weak over the range 4.5 < T < 150 K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 066806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.066806 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300050 PM 11863841 ER PT J AU Bohringer, H Collins, CA Guzzo, L Schuecker, P Voges, W Neumann, DM Schindler, S Chincarini, G De Grandi, S Cruddace, RG Edge, AC Reiprich, TH Shaver, P AF Bohringer, H Collins, CA Guzzo, L Schuecker, P Voges, W Neumann, DM Schindler, S Chincarini, G De Grandi, S Cruddace, RG Edge, AC Reiprich, TH Shaver, P TI The ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-ray (REFLEX) Galaxy Cluster Survey. IV. The X-ray luminosity function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe; X-rays : galaxies ID MEDIUM SENSITIVITY SURVEY; N-LOG-S; RICH CLUSTERS; MASS FUNCTION; HOT PLASMA; EVOLUTION; SKY; SAMPLE; UNIVERSE; SPECTRUM AB The X-ray galaxy cluster sample from the REFLEX Cluster Survey, which covers the X-ray brightest galaxy clusters detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey in the southern sky, is used to construct the X-ray luminosity function of clusters in the local universe. With 452 clusters detected above an X-ray flux limit of 3 x 10(-12) ergs s(-1) cm(-2) in 4.24 sr of the sky, this sample is the most comprehensive X-ray cluster sample with a well-documented selection function, providing the best current census of the local X-ray galaxy cluster population. In this paper we discuss the construction of the luminosity function and the effects of flux measurement errors and of variations with sample region, and we compare the results with those from previous surveys. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. Osserv Astron Brera, Merate, Italy. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham, England. European So Observ, D-8046 Garching, Germany. RP Bohringer, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. OI Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 47 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 566 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1086/338072 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EB UT WOS:000173766700008 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Ryans, RSI Reid, RHG Zhang, HL Pradhan, AK Widing, KG AF Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Ryans, RSI Reid, RHG Zhang, HL Pradhan, AK Widing, KG TI Extreme-ultraviolet emission lines of S XII in solar active region and flare spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : activity; Sun : flares; ultraviolet : general ID BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; B-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATA; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IRON PROJECT; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; XUV OBSERVATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; COMPACT FLARE AB New R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates for transitions among the 2s(2)2p, 2s2p(2) and 2p(3) levels of S XII are presented. These data are subsequently used to derive the theoretical electron density diagnostic emission line intensity ratios R-1 = I(215.16 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom), R-2 = I(218.19 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom), R-3 = I(288.40 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom), R-4 = I(221.41 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom). A comparsion of these with observational data for solar active regions and flares, obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's S082A spectrograph on board Skylab and the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS), reveals that the electron densities determined from R-1, R-3, and R-4 are consistent with each other. In addition, the densities deduced from these ratios are in good agreement with those estimated from diagnostic lines in Fe XIV or Fe XV, which are formed at similar electron temperatures to S XII. However, the R-2 ratios in the flare observations imply densities smaller than those from Fe XIV/Fe XV, although the active region measurements do not show such discrepancies, suggesting that the 218.19 Angstrom line may be blended with a transition from a high-temperature ion. An emission feature in the SERTS active region spectrum at 215.29 Angstrom, previously identified as the 2s2p P-3(2)-2s3s S-3(1) transition in O V, may be due primarily to the S XII 215.16 Angstrom line. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Katsiyannis, Thanassis/L-8496-2013 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 566 IS 1 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1086/337960 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EB UT WOS:000173766700048 ER PT J AU Brenner, DW Shenderova, OA Harrison, JA Stuart, SJ Ni, B Sinnott, SB AF Brenner, DW Shenderova, OA Harrison, JA Stuart, SJ Ni, B Sinnott, SB TI A second-generation reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential energy expression for hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; DIAMOND 111 SURFACE; SI-H SYSTEMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; THIN-FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES AB A second-generation potential energy function for solid carbon and hydrocarbon molecules that is based on an empirical bond order formalism is presented. This potential allows for covalent bond breaking and forming with associated changes in atomic hybridization within a classical potential, producing a powerful method for modelling complex chemistry in large many-atom systems. This revised potential contains improved analytic functions and an extended database relative to an earlier version (Brenner D W 1990 Phys. Rev. B 42 9458). These lead to a significantly better description of bond energies, lengths, and force constants for hydrocarbon molecules, as well as elastic properties, interstitial defect energies, and surface energies for diamond. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Brenner, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Brenner, Donald/D-1741-2009; Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012; Sinnott, Susan/P-8523-2014; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 OI Sinnott, Susan/0000-0002-3598-0403; NR 91 TC 1919 Z9 1957 U1 16 U2 223 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 783 EP 802 AR PII S0953-8984(02)31186-X DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/4/312 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 526MX UT WOS:000174135200019 ER PT J AU Beckman, AW Sloan, BK Moore, GP Cordell, WH Brizendine, EJ Boie, ET Knoop, KJ Goldman, MJ Geninatti, MR AF Beckman, AW Sloan, BK Moore, GP Cordell, WH Brizendine, EJ Boie, ET Knoop, KJ Goldman, MJ Geninatti, MR CA P5 Res Grp TI Should parents be present during emergency department procedures on children, and who should make that decision? A survey of emergency physician and nurse attitudes SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Research Forum CY OCT 23-24, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians DE parental presence; pediatrics; emergency medicine; ethics; pain; procedures ID FAMILY MEMBER PRESENCE AB Objective: To survey physician and nurse attitudes regarding parental presence during painful procedures on children performed in the emergency department (ED) and who should make that decision. Methods: The design was an anonymous written survey consisting of six clinical scenarios distributed to all staff and resident physicians and nurses in ten EDs at institutions in the United States routinely caring for children. Participants were asked whether parents should remain with children undergoing intravenous (IV) placement, laceration repair, lumbar puncture, conscious sedation, major resuscitation, and major resuscitation with death. They also were asked who should make the decision. Results: The percentage of physicians who responded that parents should be present was 91.3% for peripheral IV start, 93.3% for laceration repair, 65.7% for lumbar puncture, 83.1% for conscious sedation, 31.9% for major resuscitation, and 35.6% for major resuscitation where death was likely. The percentage of nurses who responded that parents should be present was 86.8% for peripheral IV start, 89.6% for laceration repair, 55.0% for lumbar puncture, 74.9% for conscious sedation, 41.4% for major resuscitation, and 54.3% for major resuscitation where death was likely. In 64.8% of the completed surveys, the physicians indicated that they alone or in conjunction with a parent should make the decision. In 61.5% of the completed surveys, the nurses indicated that they should be involved in the decision. Conclusions: A majority of emergency physicians and nurses indicated parents should be present for some invasive pediatric procedures. However, as the invasiveness of the pediatric procedures increased, fewer physicians and nurses believed that parents should be present. C1 Paradise Valley Hosp, Paradise Valley, AZ USA. St Vincents Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Indianapolis, IN USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, MN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Moore, GP (reprint author), 5803 Mustang Court, Indianapolis, IN 46228 USA. NR 9 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 8 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2002.tb00234.x PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 519MD UT WOS:000173729300010 PM 11825843 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-5-(nitromethylene)-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatricycl o[7.3.0.0(3,7)]dodecane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL; CONDENSATION; BENZYLAMINES; GLYOXAL AB The title compound, C49H49N7O2, is a crowded tricyclic heterocycle substituted with six benzyl groups. It is related to the hexaazaisowurtzitane family of high-density, high-energy polycyclic cage compounds. The central six-membered ring adopts a boat conformation which minimizes the steric repulsion of the six benzyl substituents. The nitromethylene substituent on the methylene C atom of one of the five-membered rings has a considerable influence on the metric parameters of that ring. From the bond distances in the nitro group and the five-membered ring it appears that the molecule is zwitterionic, rather than neutral, in the vicinity of the nitro group. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, RD (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 BP o120 EP o122 DI 10.1107/S160053680200003X PN 2 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 525UB UT WOS:000174089800030 ER PT J AU Barcus, MJ Hien, TT White, NJ Laras, K Farrar, J Schwartz, IK Corwin, A Baird, JK AF Barcus, MJ Hien, TT White, NJ Laras, K Farrar, J Schwartz, IK Corwin, A Baird, JK TI Short report: Hepatitis B infection and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnamese adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HO-CHI-MINH; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HANOI AB We investigated the prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus among adult Vietnamese patients hospitalized for severe malaria. Sera from patients admitted with severe malaria in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, between May 1991 and January 1996 were assayed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HB,Ag) by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The overall prevalence of HB,Ag was 23.77% (77 of 324). This was higher than reported estimates of prevalence in the general catchment population for the study hospital (mean. 9.8% range. 9-16%), No association was found between risk of death caused by severe malaria and HB,Ag, Patients admitted with cerebral malaria had a slightly greater risk of registering, positive for HB,Ag, (relative risk, 1.28, 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.58) relative to other manifestations of severe malaria. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus may be a risk factor for severe malaria. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barcus, MJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132,NAM-RU2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 140 EP 142 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600007 PM 12135283 ER PT J AU Franco, Z Michael, TS Milev, TE AF Franco, Z Michael, TS Milev, TE TI A high-powered fibonacci identity SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Franco, Z (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 BP 203 EP 204 PG 2 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 530QT UT WOS:000174371000014 ER PT J AU Ligler, FS Breimer, M Golden, JP Nivens, DA Dodson, JP Green, TM Haders, DP Sadik, OA AF Ligler, FS Breimer, M Golden, JP Nivens, DA Dodson, JP Green, TM Haders, DP Sadik, OA TI Integrating waveguide biosensor SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IMMOBILIZATION; ANTIBODIES; SILANES AB A capillary biosensor is demonstrated which uses the waveguiding properties of the capillary to integrate the signal over an increased surface area without simultaneously increasing the background noise from the detector. This biosensor achieves limits of detection of 30-50 pg/mL in immunoassays using a diode laser for excitation and a PMT for detection. This is similar to2 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than was achieved using the same immunoassay reagents in a fiber optic biosensor or a planar array biosensor. Two different approaches to using the capillaries as immunosensors are described, either of which could be adapted for multianalyte sensing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hofstra Univ, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1021/ac015607s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 518KV UT WOS:000173668200049 PM 11838701 ER PT J AU Schauer, U Rudels, B Jones, EP Anderson, LG Muench, RD Bjork, G Swift, JH Ivanov, V Larsson, AM AF Schauer, U Rudels, B Jones, EP Anderson, LG Muench, RD Bjork, G Swift, JH Ivanov, V Larsson, AM TI Confluence and redistribution of Atlantic water in the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE oceanography; general; Artic and Antartic oceanography; descriptive and regional oceanography; oceanography; physical; hydrography ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN BASIN; DENSE BOTTOM WATER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BARENTS SEA; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; HALOCLINE; PLUME; NORTH; LAYER AB The waters in the Eurasian Basin are conditioned by the confluence of the boundary flow of warm, saline Fram Strait water and cold low salinity water from the Barents Sea entering through the St. Anna Trough. Hydrographic sections obtained from RV Polarstern during the summer of 1996 (ACSYS 96) across the St. Anna Trough and the Voronin Trough in the northern Kara Sea and across the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins allow for the determination of the water mass properties of the two components and the construction of a qualitative picture of the circulation both within the Eurasian Basin and towards the Canadian Basin. At the confluence north of the Kara Sea, the Fram Strait branch is displaced from the upper to the lower slope and it forms a sharp front to the Barents Sea water at depths between 100m and greater than 1000m. This front disintegrates downstream along the basin margin and the two components are largely mixed before the boundary current reaches the Lomonosov Ridge. Away from the continental slope, the presence of interleaving structures coherent over wide distances is consistent with low lateral shear. The return flow along the Nansen Gakkel Ridge, if present at all, seems to be slow and the cold water below a deep mixed layer there indicates that the Fram Strait Atlantic water was not covered with a halocline for about a decade. Anomalous water mass properties in the interior of the Eurasian Basin can be attributed to isolated lenses rather than to baroclinic flow cores. Eddies have probably detached from the front at the confluence and migrated into the interior of the basin. One deep (2500m) lens of Canadian Basin water, with an anticyclonic eddy signature, must have spilled through a gap of the Lomonosov Ridge. During ACSYS 96, no clear fronts between Eurasian and Canadian intermediate waters, such as those observed further north in 1991 and 1994, were found at the Siberian side of the Lomonosov Ridge. This indicates that the Eurasian Basin waters enter the Canadian Basin not only along the continental slope but they may also cross the Lomonosov Ridge at other topographic irregularities. A decrease in salinity around 1000 m in depth in the Amundsen Basin probably originates from a larger input of fresh water to the Barents Sea. The inherent density changes may affect the flow towards the Canadian Basin. C1 Finnish Inst Marine Res, Helsinki, Finland. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Schauer, U (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Anderson, Leif/D-2263-2009; Ivanov, Vladimir/J-5979-2014 NR 35 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 257 EP 273 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526XB UT WOS:000174154200012 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, RS Gerth, WA Powell, MR AF Srinivasan, RS Gerth, WA Powell, MR TI Mathematical model of diffusion-limited gas bubble dynamics in unstirred tissue with finite volume SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mathematical models; gas diffusion in tissue; decompression; sickness AB Models of gas bubble dynamics for studying decompression sickness have been developed by considering the bubble to be immersed in an extravascular tissue with diffusion-limited gas exchange between the bubble and the surrounding unstirred tissue. In previous versions of this two-region model, the tissue volume must be theoretically infinite, which renders the model inapplicable to analysis of bubble growth in a finite-sized tissue. We herein present a new two-region model that is applicable to problems involving finite tissue volumes. By introducing radial deviations to gas tension in the diffusion region surrounding the bubble, the concentration gradient can be zero at a finite distance from the bubble, thus limiting the tissue volume that participates in bubble-tissue gas exchange. It is shown that these deviations account for the effects of heterogeneous perfusion on gas bubble dynamics, and are required for the tissue volume to be finite. The bubble growth results from a difference between the bubble gas pressure and an average gas tension in the surrounding diffusion region that explicitly depends on gas uptake and release by the bubble. For any given decompression, the diffusion region volume must stay above a certain minimum in order to sustain bubble growth. (C) 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. C1 Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. NASA, Environm Physiol Lab, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Srinivasan, RS (reprint author), Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, 1290 Hercules Dr,Suite 120, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SOC AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 232 EP 246 DI 10.1114/1.1451076 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 536ZY UT WOS:000174732800008 PM 11962775 ER PT J AU Lee, EK AF Lee, EK TI Alteplase use for prevention of central line occlusion in a preterm infant SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE alteplase; neonates; occluded catheters ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; PA AB OBJECTIVE: To report the use of alteplase for catheter clearance in a neonate of 27 weeks' gestation at day 50 of life. SETTING: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Naval Medical Center. CASE SUMMARY: At day 50 of life, a neonate boy of 27 weeks' gestation had a clotted peripherally inserted central catheter line. He required central access to complete a 28-day course of amphotericin B. An alteplase dose of 0.3 mg/0.3 mL was instilled into the catheter, for an indwelling time of 1 hour. The initial attempt was successful, and the patient was able to finish the course of amphotericin B. DISCUSSION: When a catheter becomes occluded, the cause must be determined initially; then an appropriate treatment option can be initiated. Hydrochloric acid and ethanol are some of the pharmacologic agents available, with their use dependent on the precipitating cause of the occlusion. Thrombolytic agents, such as streptokinase and urokinase, have also been used in catheter clearance. The potential risk of anaphylactic reactions with streptokinase and the unavailability of urokinase have clinicians searching for other pharmacologic alternatives. Alteplase, a synthetic tissue plasminogen actitvator, has been shown to be a promising alternative agent. There are various reports of alteplase use in pediatric patients for catheter clearance, with different suggested doses ranging from 0.25 to 2 mg. To minimize the risk of bleeding events, initiation with low doses from the suggested range is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Alteplase was shown to be safe and effective for clearance of an occluded central line in a preterm infant. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lee, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 113, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 272 EP 274 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 519LK UT WOS:000173727600016 PM 11847948 ER PT J AU Greason, KL Miller, DL Deschamps, C Allen, MS Nichols, FC Trastek, VF Pairolero, PC AF Greason, KL Miller, DL Deschamps, C Allen, MS Nichols, FC Trastek, VF Pairolero, PC TI Effects of antireflux procedures on respiratory symptoms SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Southern-Thoracic-Surgical-Association CY NOV 09-11, 2000 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP SO Thorac Surg Assoc ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE; LAPAROSCOPIC NISSEN FUNDOPLICATION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHRONIC DYSPNEA; ASTHMA; THERAPY; SURGERY AB Background. Antireflux surgery can reduce respiratory symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux. However, there is a paucity of data on the durability of this benefit. To evaluate the long-term effects of antireflux surgery on respiratory complaints associated with gastroesophageal reflux, we reviewed our experience. Methods. Retrospective review of 2,123 antireflux procedures completed between 1986 and 1998 identified 65 patients (3.1%) with associated respiratory symptoms. There were 32 men and 33 women, ranging in age from 20 to 80 years (median 59 years). Respiratory symptoms included wheezing in 43 patients, sputum production in 37, cough in 30, choking episodes in 24, and hoarseness in 17. Preoperative medication use included steroids in 23 patients and bronchodilators in 18. Results. Antireflux operations included the uncut Collis-Nissen fundoplication in 29 patients, Belsy Mark IV repair in 13, open Nissen fundoplication in 13, and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in 10. Perioperative complications occurred in 19 patients who underwent open procedures and in none who had laparoscopic procedures. There was one death in the open-operation group and none in the laparoscopic group. Median follow-up was 65 months (range 1 to 174 months) and was complete in 62 patients (96.9%). Improvement in respiratory symptoms (83%) and reduction in respiratory medication use (78%) were significant as compared to a calculated 33% placebo-effect improvement (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Antireflux operations significantly reduce respiratory complaints associated with gastroesophageal reflux. This benefit appears to be long term. (C) 2002 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Gen Thorac Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Gen Thorac Surg, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Gen Thorac Surg, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM miller.danielmd@mayo.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03407-5 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 517RW UT WOS:000173624500002 PM 11845846 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, A AF Jordan, PM Puri, A TI Qualitative results for solutions of the steady Fisher-KPP equation SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE genetics; nonlinear analysis; nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems; population dynamics ID NON-LINEAR DIFFUSION; POPULATION-GENETICS AB In this letter, the homogeneous Dirichlet problem involving the N-dimensional Fisher-KPP equation, a reaction-diffusion model which arises in study of population genetics, is investigated for a class of nonlinear polynomial growth laws. Existence and uniqueness conditions for positive (i.e., physically realistic), steady-state solutions on finite domains, or habitats, are noted and stability questions are addressed. Of particular interest are habitats that can be modeled as open balls. For these cases, two relatively recent and powerful theorems from nonlinear analysis are employed to ascertain important qualitative information. Specifically, these solutions are shown to be strictly decreasing and radially symmetric, as well as achieving a stationary maximum at the habitat's center. In addition, the function spaces containing these solutions are determined. Last, the effects of the solution parameters are investigated numerically for the physically relevant cases of N = 2 and 3, the temporal evolution of a particular solution is illustrated, and connections to nuclear reactor science, as well as other fields, are noted. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1016/S0893-9659(01)00124-0 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 520MM UT WOS:000173785700019 ER PT J AU Bi, YH Chen, LG Wu, C AF Bi, YH Chen, LG Wu, C TI Ground heat exchanger temperature distribution analysis and experimental verification SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ground heat pump; ground heat exchanger; underground temperature field; numerical analysis; experimental confirmation ID PUMPS; PERFORMANCE AB The underground two-dimensional symmetry temperature field of a vertical double spiral coil ground heat exchanger (GHX) designed by the authors for a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system was simulated using the volume-control method. A heat transfer model of underground coil is made, and the underground temperature distribution of the coil was solved numerically. Experimental temperature data are measured. The analytical results are compared thoroughly with the experimental data. The mathematical mode presented herein may provide design guidance for the design of GHX for GSHP systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Beijing Polytech Univ, Fac Air Conditioner, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00073-4 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 506EY UT WOS:000172957900007 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Richards, GT Fan, XH Hall, PB Strauss, MA Vanden Berk, DE Gunn, JE Newberg, HJ Reichard, TA Stoughton, C Voges, W Yanny, B Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bauer, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Briggs, JW Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kunzst, PZ Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Merelli, A Munn, JA Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, D Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Waddell, P York, DG AF Schneider, DP Richards, GT Fan, XH Hall, PB Strauss, MA Vanden Berk, DE Gunn, JE Newberg, HJ Reichard, TA Stoughton, C Voges, W Yanny, B Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bauer, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Briggs, JW Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kunzst, PZ Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Merelli, A Munn, JA Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, D Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Waddell, P York, DG TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. I. Early data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; REDSHIFTS; EMISSION; COLORS AB We present the first edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 3814 objects ( 3000 discovered by the SDSS) in the initial SDSS public data release that have at least one emission line with a full width at half-maximum larger than 1000 km s(-1), luminosities brighter than M(i*) = -23, and highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is 494 deg(2); the majority of the objects were found in SDSS commissioning data using a multicolor selection technique. The quasar redshifts range from 0.15 to 5.03. For each object the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0".2 rms per coordinate, five-band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.05 mag, radio and X-ray emission properties, and information on the morphology and selection method. Calibrated spectra of all objects in the catalog, covering the wavelength region 3800-9200 Angstrom at a spectral resolution of 1800-2100, are also available. Since the quasars were selected during the commissioning period, a time when the quasar selection algorithm was undergoing frequent revisions, the sample is not homogeneous and is not intended for statistical analysis. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 31 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 567 EP 577 DI 10.1086/338434 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800001 ER PT J AU Willman, B Dalcanton, J Ivezic, Z Jackson, T Lupton, R Brinkmann, J Henessy, G Hindsley, R AF Willman, B Dalcanton, J Ivezic, Z Jackson, T Lupton, R Brinkmann, J Henessy, G Hindsley, R TI An SDSS survey for resolved Milky Way satellite galaxies. I. Detection limits SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Local Group; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; DWARF GALAXY; LOCAL GROUP; CANDIDATES; SYSTEM; STARS AB We present the detection limits of a new survey for resolved low surface brightness satellite galaxies to the Milky Way, based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our survey exploits SDSS's major strengths (multicolor photometry, depth, large-scale, and uniformity) by combining filter smoothing with limits in both magnitude and color space to search for low surface brightness galaxies and stellar counterparts to the compact high-velocity clouds out to the Milky Way's virial radius (similar to350 kpc). Our calculated detection limits for a purely old stellar population vary with galaxy size and distance between mu(V,0) = 26.7 and 30.1 mag arcsec(-2). These limits will allow us to detect systems whose surface brightnesses are 0.5-3.9 mag arcsec(-2) fainter than Sextans, the lowest surface brightness Local Group member known. Our survey not only is sensitive to lower surface brightness stellar populations than possible with previous Local Group surveys, but will also allow us to make an unbiased and well-defined assessment of the completeness of the observed Local Group galaxy luminosity function, so that we may compare the results with the predictions of various structure formation scenarios. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willman, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Brinkmann, Jonathan/H-2779-2014 OI Brinkmann, Jonathan/0000-0001-6128-659X NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 848 EP 854 DI 10.1086/338438 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800020 ER PT J AU Seymour, DM Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL AF Seymour, DM Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL TI Binary star orbits. II. Preliminary first orbits for 117 systems SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : visual ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY AB Orbital elements are presented for 117 binary systems with no previous orbit calculation. For nearly all of these systems, these elements must be regarded as preliminary, but the ephemerides presented here should be relatively accurate over the next several decades. Further, the analysis of these systems should highlight the need for their continued observation by dedicated programs to improve the veracity of these elements. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seymour, DM (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Parno, Diana/B-7546-2017 OI Parno, Diana/0000-0002-9363-0401 NR 7 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1038 DI 10.1086/338441 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800033 ER PT J AU Landini, M Landi, E AF Landini, M Landi, E TI Models for solar magnetic loops - I. A simple theoretical model and diagnostic procedure SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; techniques : miscellaneous ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC ANALYSIS; CONDUCTING CORONAL LOOPS; STATIONARY SIPHON FLOWS; TRANSITION REGION; ENERGY-BALANCE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOHO; TEMPERATURES AB In the present paper the quasi-static model of Landini & Monsignori Fossi (1975) for coronal loops is improved and a simple diagnostic procedure is developed to compare the most important physical properties of the model with a set of spectral observations of loops such as those obtained by the CDS and SUMER instruments on SOHO. The model assumes quasi-static and isobaric conditions and solves the energy equation among radiative losses, a constant heating function and heat conduction. The model is allowed to have a variable loop section. To better match the latest observational results, an isothermal section of the loop is added at the top of the loop model; its effects on the diagnostic technique and on the shape of the unknown heating function are discussed. A numerical simulation is shown and the effect of the isothermal region is discussed. In a second paper (Brkovic et al. 2002, Paper II) the present model will be compared with observations from the SOHO satellite. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50121 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 383 IS 2 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011759 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527KC UT WOS:000174184400028 ER PT J AU Brkovic, A Landi, E Landini, M Ruedi, I Solanki, SK AF Brkovic, A Landi, E Landini, M Ruedi, I Solanki, SK TI Models for solar magnetic loops - II. Comparison with SOHO-CDS observations on the solar disk SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; techniques : miscellaneous ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC ANALYSIS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; RAY BRIGHT POINTS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSITION REGION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; QUIET-SUN AB The present work describes a detailed comparison between SOHO-CDS observations of active region loops with a static, isobaric loop model developed assuming a temperature-independent heating function in the energy balance equation and a variable loop cross-section. The loop model is described in Landini & Landi (2002). Observations of an active region recorded by CDS have been analyzed. Additional data from the EIT and MDI instruments on board the SOHO satellite, and broad band soft X-rays images from the Yohkoh satellite, have been used to complement the CDS dataset. CDS monochromatic images from lines at different temperatures have been co-aligned with EIT, MDI and Yohkoh images and a loop structure has been identified. Two other loop structures are visible but their footpoints are not clearly identified, and have not been analyzed. Electron density, temperature and pressure along the selected loop structure have been measured by means of line ratio techniques. These quantities have been used to test the assumption of constant pressure adopted in the theoretical model, and to compare their values with its predictions. The loop filling factor has also been estimated from the CDS data after assumptions on the loop geometry have been made. Comparison with CDS data has shown that a classical model is not able to reproduce the observations; despite the large uncertainties, mainly given by the limited CDS spatial resolution, indications suggest that agreement occurs only if an "ad hoc" isothermal region is added on top of the loop and a large conductive flux at the base is assumed. Suggestions for improvements of theoretical loop models and further studies with the EIS instrument on Solar-B, due for launch in 2005, are given. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. ETH Zentrum, Inst Astron, Zurich, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50121 Florence, Italy. World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. RP Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Solanki, Sami/E-2487-2013 OI Solanki, Sami/0000-0002-3418-8449 NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 383 IS 2 BP 661 EP 677 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011760 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527KC UT WOS:000174184400029 ER PT J AU Demoulin, P Mandrini, CH van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Thompson, BJ Plunkett, S Kovari, Z Aulanier, G Young, A AF Demoulin, P Mandrini, CH van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Thompson, BJ Plunkett, S Kovari, Z Aulanier, G Young, A TI What is the source of the magnetic helicity shed by CMEs? The long-term helicity budget of AR 7978 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; solar-terrestrial relations ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FORCE-FREE FIELDS; CONSTANT-ALPHA; ACTIVE-REGION; CLOUDS; MODEL; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; MISSION; PROPAGATION AB An isolated active region (AR) was observed on the Sun during seven rotations, starting from its birth in July 1996 to its full dispersion in December 1996. We analyse the long-term budget of the AR relative magnetic helicity. Firstly, we calculate the helicity injected by differential rotation at the photospheric level using MDI/SoHO magnetograms. Secondly, we compute the coronal magnetic field and its helicity selecting the model which best fits the soft X-ray loops observed with SXT/Yohkoh. Finally, we identify all the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that originated from the AR during its lifetime using LASCO and EIT/SoHO. Assuming a one to one correspondence between CMEs and magnetic clouds, we estimate the magnetic helicity which could be shed via CMEs. We find that differential rotation can neither provide the required magnetic helicity to the coronal field (at least a factor 2.5 to 4 larger), nor to the field ejected to the interplanetary space (a factor 4 to 20 larger), even in the case of this AR for which the total helicity injected by differential rotation is close to the maximum possible value. However, the total helicity ejected is equivalent to that of a twisted flux tube having the same magnetic flux as the studied AR and a number of turns in the interval [0.5, 2.0]. We suggest that the main source of helicity is the inherent twist of the magnetic flux tube forming the active region. This magnetic helicity is transferred to the corona either by the continuous emergence of the flux tube for several solar rotations (i.e. on a time scale much longer than the classical emergence phase), or by torsional Alfven waves. C1 Observ Paris, DASOP, Meudon Sect, CNRS,URA 2080, F-92195 Meudon, France. Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Plasma Astrophys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, USRA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demoulin, P (reprint author), Observ Paris, DASOP, Meudon Sect, CNRS,URA 2080, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM pascal.demoulin@obspm.fr; mandrini@iafe.uba.ar RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; OI Kovari, Zsolt/0000-0001-5160-307X; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 65 TC 156 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 382 IS 2 BP 650 EP 665 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011634 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 516PG UT WOS:000173561700022 ER PT J AU Landi, E AF Landi, E TI Fe XIII line intensities in solar plasmas observed by SERTS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation; line : profiles ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; ACTIVE REGIONS; EMISSION-LINES; QUIET-SUN; ATOMIC DATABASE AB Extreme-Ultraviolet spectral observations of Fe XIII lines, obtained during the 1989 and 1995 flights of the SERTS instrument, are compared with line emissivities derived from two different sets of atomic data and transition probabilities. One dataset is based upon calculations involving the Close-Coupling approximation, and the other is based upon the Distorted Wave approximation. Emission line ratios that are insensitive to density and temperature are used to assess both the quality of the transition rates and possible line blending. Density-sensitive line ratios are used to measure the electron density. The comparison between the observed and the theoretical line ratios yields a set of lines, free of blends, that is recommended for plasma diagnostic studies. Both theoretical datasets yield the same set of lines, which includes wavelengths of 200.02, 201.13, 202.04, 203.16, 203.82, 209.67, 209.92, 256.43, 312.17, 312.87, 320.80, 348.18, 359.64 and 413.00 Angstrom. Electron densities derived from line ratios calculated with each theoretical dataset differ by a factor similar or equal to2, comparable to the scatter in density measurements from other ions formed at similar temperatures, as well as to the uncertainties on some of the individual density measurements. This precludes determining which of the two datasets is more accurate. Ambiguities in a few of the line intensity ratios suggest that new, more accurate calculations of transition rates are needed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 382 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1117 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011705 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527JL UT WOS:000174182900037 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Emslie, AG Mariska, JT Warren, HP AF Winebarger, AR Emslie, AG Mariska, JT Warren, HP TI Energetics of explosive events observed with SUMER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID SOLAR TRANSITION ZONE; QUIET SUN; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; MAGNETIC NETWORK; NANOFLARES; CORONA; ULTRAVIOLET; MICROFLARES; TELESCOPE AB Observations of solar chromosphere-corona transition region plasma show evidence of small-scale, short-lived dynamic phenomena characterized by significant nonthermal broadening and asymmetry in the wings of spectral line profiles. These impulsive mass motions (explosive events) are thought to be the product of magnetic reconnection and to be similar in driving mechanism (though larger in size) to nanoflares, the small-scale events proposed to heat the corona. In this paper, we present a statistical analysis of the energetics of explosive events to address the viability of the nanoflare heating theory. We consider high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution spectra of the C III lambda977, N IV lambda765, O VI lambda1032, and Ne VIII lambda770 lines observed with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) telescope and spectrometer. Each line profile exhibiting explosive event characteristics was analyzed using the velocity differential emission measure (VDEM) technique. A VDEM is a measure of the emitting power of the plasma as a function of its line-of-sight velocity and hence provides a method of accurately measuring the energy flux associated with an explosive event. We find that these events globally release similar to4 x 10(4) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) toward both the corona and chromosphere. This implies that explosive events themselves are not energetically significant to the solar atmosphere. However, the distribution of these explosive events as a function of their energy has a power-law spectral index of alpha = 2.9 +/- 0.1 for the energy range 10(22.7)-10(25.1) ergs. Since alpha is greater than 2, the energy content is dominated by the smallest events. Hence, if this distribution is representative of the size distribution down to lower energy ranges (similar to10(22) ergs), such small and (currently) undetectable events would release enough energy to heat the solar atmosphere. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Winebarger, AR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 565 IS 2 BP 1298 EP 1311 DI 10.1086/324714 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520DP UT WOS:000173765600056 ER PT J AU Uttal, T Curry, JA McPhee, MG Perovich, DK Moritz, RE Maslanik, JA Guest, PS Stern, HL Moore, JA Turenne, R Heiberg, A Serreze, MC Wylie, DP Persson, OG Paulson, CA Halle, C Morison, JH Wheeler, PA Makshtas, A Welch, H Shupe, MD Intrieri, JM Stamnes, K Lindsey, RW Pinkel, R Pegau, WS Stanton, TP Grenfeld, TC AF Uttal, T Curry, JA McPhee, MG Perovich, DK Moritz, RE Maslanik, JA Guest, PS Stern, HL Moore, JA Turenne, R Heiberg, A Serreze, MC Wylie, DP Persson, OG Paulson, CA Halle, C Morison, JH Wheeler, PA Makshtas, A Welch, H Shupe, MD Intrieri, JM Stamnes, K Lindsey, RW Pinkel, R Pegau, WS Stanton, TP Grenfeld, TC TI Surface heat budget of the Arctic Ocean SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; ICE; CLOUD; SEA; VARIABILITY; RADIATION; DATASET; ISCCP AB A summary is presented of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project, with a focus on the field experiment that was conducted from October 1997 to October 1998. The primary objective of the field work was to collect ocean, ice, and atmospheric datasets over a full annual cycle that could be used to understand the processes controlling surface heat exchanges-in particular, the ice-albedo feedback and cloud-radiation feedback. This information is being used to improve formulations of arctic ice-ocean-atmosphere processes in climate models and thereby improve simulations of present and future arctic climate. The experiment was deployed from an ice breaker that was frozen into the ice pack and allowed to drift for the duration of the experiment. This research platform allowed the use of an extensive suite of instruments that directly measured ocean, atmosphere, and ice properties from both the ship and the ice pack in the immediate vicinity of the ship. This summary describes the project goals, experimental design, instrumentation, and the resulting datasets. Examples of various data products available from the SHEBA project are presented. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Canadian Coast Guard, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Maplewood, NJ USA. RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R E ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM taneil.uttal@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 40 TC 264 Z9 272 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 255 EP 275 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0255:SHBOTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526TT UT WOS:000174146300019 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Pritchard, PH AF Prak, DJL Pritchard, PH TI Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in Tween 80 surfactant solutions by Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA 505 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PAH mixtures; microbial degradation; surfactant; solubilization; EPA 505 ID NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; BIODEGRADATION KINETICS; DEGRADING BACTERIA; MICELLAR PHASE; PHENANTHRENE; SOIL; FLUORANTHENE; NAPHTHALENE; MIXTURES; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The degradation rates of mixtures of pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLA), and phenanthrene (PHE) by Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA 505 were measured in the presence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80. For strain EPA 505, FLA and PHE are growth substrates, while PYR is not. Linear degradation rates ranging from 0.05 to 2.2 mg.L(-1).h(-1) were observed for FLA, PYR, and PHE at approximately 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. At lower biomass, PYR degradation exhibited lognormal degradation. The degradation rates of PYR, FLA, and PHE increased with increasing biomass and substrate concentration. At high FLA concentrations, FLA degradation rates were faster in the presence of surfactant than in the absence of surfactant, suggesting that some of the FLA was transported directly into the cell from the micellar phase. In mixtures, PHE was the preferred substrate and was utilized first, followed by FLA and then PYR. Once the competing substrates were degraded, the remaining substrate was degraded at the same rate or faster than the rate found in the single-substrate system. Based on the results with Tween 80, it appears that PHE, PYR, and FLA are competing for the same enzymatic sites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Hollaway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu RI Luning Prak, Dianne/B-8503-2011 OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1139/w02-004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 531ZY UT WOS:000174448200006 PM 11958568 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF TI Body of knowledge for software quality measurement SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Measuring quality is the key to developing high-quality software. The author describes two approaches that help to identify the body of knowledge software engineers need to achieve this goal. The first approach derives knowledge requirements from a set of issues identified during two standards efforts: the IEEE Std. 1061-1998 for a Software Quality Metrics Methodology and the American National Standard Recommended Practice for Software Reliability (ANSI/AIAA R-013-1992). The second approach ties these knowledge requirements to phases in the software development life cycle. Together, these approaches define a body of knowledge that shows software engineers why and when to measure quality. Focusing on the entire software development life cycle, rather than just the coding phase, gives software engineers the comprehensive knowledge they need to enhance software quality and supports early detection and resolution of quality problems. The integration of product and process measurements lets engineers assess the interactions between them throughout the life cycle. Software engineers can apply this body of knowledge as a guideline for incorporating quality measurement in their projects. Professional licensing and training programs will also find it useful. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Metr Lab, Dept Informat Sci, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Metr Lab, Dept Informat Sci, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM nschneid@nps.navy.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/2.982919 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 518HR UT WOS:000173662300026 ER PT J AU Natishan, PM Lawrence, SH Foster, RL Sartwell, BD AF Natishan, PM Lawrence, SH Foster, RL Sartwell, BD TI Atmospheric corrosion study of electrodeposited hard chromium and high-velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spray coatings SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE 4340 steel; 7075 aluminum; atmospheric exposure; electrodeposited hard chromium coatings; high-velocity oxygen-fuel thermal-sprayed coatings AB The corrosion behavior of several coating/substrate combinations was determined during a 3-year atmospheric exposure. The coatings were electrodeposited hard chromium (EHC) and two high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal-sprayed coatings, tungsten-carbide/cobalt (WC/Co) and Tribaloy 400 (T400). The substrates were Type 4340 (UNS G43400) steel and 7075 aluminum (UNS A97075). On the 4340 steel substrate, the HVOF WC/Co coating had the best performance. However, some general corrosion of the WC/Co coating was observed. On the 7075 aluminum, the EHC coating performance depended on how the coating was applied on the two samples on which the WC/Co was applied to the face and edges, WC/Co performed better than the EHC coating. In the case where the coating was not applied to the edges, the EHC coating performed better. The present results are compared to earlier results of HVOF and EHC coatings that underwent ASTM B117 testing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 574ZK UT WOS:000176920500005 ER PT J AU Johns, WE Townsend, TL Fratantoni, DM Wilson, WD AF Johns, WE Townsend, TL Fratantoni, DM Wilson, WD TI On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Caribbean Sea; circulation; transports ID NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; ANEGADA-JUNGFERN PASSAGE; FLORIDA CURRENT; CURRENT RETROFLECTION; WESTERN BOUNDARY; EDDY VARIABILITY; ANNUAL CYCLE; WIND STRESS; HEAT-FLUX; OCEAN AB New observations are summarized that lead to the first comprehensive description of the mean inflow distribution in the passages connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. The total Caribbean inflow of 28 Sv is shown to be partitioned approximately equally between the Windward Islands Passages (similar to 10 Sv). Leeward Islands Passages (similar to 8 Sv), and the Greater Antilles Passages (similar to 10 Sv). These results are compared to a numerical model study using a 6-layer, 1/4degrees resolution Atlantic Basin version of the NRL Layered Ocean Model. Results from two simulations are described, including a purely wind-forced model driven by Hellerman and Rosenstein (J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13 (1983) 1093) monthly winds, and a model with an additional 14 Sv meridional overturning cell driven by inflow/outflow ports at the northern (65degreesN) and southern (20degreesS) model boundaries. The purely wind-driven version of the model exhibits a total Caribbean inflow of 17 Sv, consistent with expectations from steady, non-topographic Sverdrup theory. Nearly all of the wind-driven inflow occurs north of Martinique at latitude similar to 15degreesN. The net transport through the Lesser Antilles passages south of 15degreesN (Grenada, St. Vincent, and St. Lucia passages) is nearly zero when the model is forced by winds alone. The addition of a 14 Sv meridional cell in the model increases the net Caribbean inflow to 28 Sv, with nearly all of the additional 11 Sv of inflow entering through the southern Lesser Antilles passages. The modeled inflow distribution resulting from the combined wind and overturning forced experiment is found to compare favorably with the observations. The seasonal cycle of the total inflow in the combined forcing experiment has a mixed annual/semiannual character with maximum in spring and summer and minimum in fall, with a total range of about 4 Sv. The seasonal cycle of the Florida Current resulting from this inflow variation is in good qualitative agreement with observations. Most of the seasonal inflow variation occurs through the Windward Islands passages in the far southern Caribbean, whose annual cycle slightly leads that of the Florida and Yucatan Currents. Variability of the modeled inflow on shorter time scales shows a dramatic change in character moving northward along the Antilles arc. The southern passages exhibit large fluctuations on 30-80 day time scales, which decay to very small amplitudes north of Dominica. Much of this variability is caused by North Brazil Current Rings that propagate northwestward from the equatorial Atlantic and interact with the abrupt island arc topography. The total range of transport variability in individual passages predicted by the model is consistent with observations. However, observations are presently too limited to confirm the seasonal cycles or variability spectra in the Caribbean passages. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Johns, WE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Fratantoni, David/C-7121-2011 NR 75 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 211 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00041-3 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 516QU UT WOS:000173568900001 ER PT J AU Li, BS Zhang, L Takahashi, S Ma, W Jaffe, H Kulkarni, AB Pant, HC AF Li, BS Zhang, L Takahashi, S Ma, W Jaffe, H Kulkarni, AB Pant, HC TI Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 prevents neuronal apoptosis by negative regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; cdk5; c-Jun; JNK; phosphorylation ID DEVELOPING NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PROTEIN-KINASE; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; ACTIVATION DOMAIN; CDC2-LIKE KINASE; MICE LACKING; PHOSPHORYLATION; STRESS; CDK5 AB Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase activated by associating with its neuron-specific activators p35 and p39. Analysis of cdk5(-/-) and p35(-/-) mice has demonstrated that both cdk5 and p35 are essential for neuronal migration, axon pathfinding and the laminar configuration of the cerebral cortex, suggesting that the cdk5-p35 complex may play a role in neuron survival. However, the targets of cdk5 that regulate neuron survival are unknown. Here, we show that cdk5 directly phosphorylates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) on Thr131 and inhibits its kinase activity, leading to reduced c-Jun phosphorylation. Expression of cdk5 and p35 in HEK293T cells inhibits c-Jun phosphorylation induced by UV irradiation. These effects can be restored by expression of a catalytically inactive mutant form of cdk5. Moreover, cdk5-deficient cultured cortical neurons exhibit increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, as well as elevated JNK3 activity, and c-Jun phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings show that cdk5 may exert its role as a key element by, negatively, regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway during neuronal apoptosis. C1 NINCDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Behav & Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDCR, Funct Genom Unit, Gene Targeting Facil, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pant, HC (reprint author), NINCDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 65 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 324 EP 333 DI 10.1093/emboj/21.3.324 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 521WV UT WOS:000173865100014 PM 11823425 ER PT J AU Crary, M Nozick, LK Whitaker, LR AF Crary, M Nozick, LK Whitaker, LR TI Sizing the US destroyer fleet SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE military; analytic hierarchy process; simulation; fleet sizing ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; DECISION AB For the US Navy to be successful, it must make good investments in combatant ships. Historically a vital component in these decisions is expert opinion, This paper illustrates that the use of quantitative methods in conjunction with expert opinion can add considerable insight. We use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to gather expert opinions. Then, distributions are derived based on these expert opinions, and integrated into a mixed integer programming model to derive a distribution for the "effectiveness" of a fleet with a particular mix of ships. These ideas are applied to the planning scenario for the 2015 conflict on the Korean Peninsula, one of the two key scenarios that the Department of Defense uses for planning. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Nozick, LK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 3 BP 680 EP 695 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00031-5 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 512RC UT WOS:000173336500015 ER PT J AU Schafer, TW Hollis-Perry, KM Mondragon, RM Brann, OS AF Schafer, TW Hollis-Perry, KM Mondragon, RM Brann, OS TI An observer-blinded, prospective, randomized comparison of forceps for endoscopic esophageal biopsy SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Digestive Disease Week/102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc ID GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; SPECIMENS AB Background: The designs of 2 new biopsy forceps attempt to address the difficulty of obtaining esophageal biopsy specimens. The angled design is a modified version of currently used straight forceps. The lateral cup forceps has a straight shaft with a bullet-shaped cuffing head for a tangential approach. Methods: Seventy-five patients were enrolled in a prospective study in which 3 different forceps were compared in random order: a reusable straight-shaft spiked forceps, a reusable angled-shaft spiked forceps, and a disposable lateral cup forceps. Two biopsy specimens were obtained with each device per patient. Two pathologists, blinded as to forceps used, graded the tissue samples for size, histologic depth, shear artifact, crush artifact, and adequacy for diagnosis. Data were compared by using multivariate analysis of variance and Scheffe's method. Results: Analysis of variance showed overall differences in specimen size, histologic depth score, and diagnostic adequacy (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference for crush (p = 0.459) or shear artifacts (p = 0.243). Pair-wise comparisons demonstrated that tissue samples obtained with the straight forceps were larger (p = 0.020) and deeper (p = 0.040) than the angled forceps. These 2 designs were similar in terms of diagnostic adequacy. Biopsy specimens obtained with the straight forceps were larger (p < 0.001) and deeper (p <0.001) than those obtained with the lateral cup forceps. Both the straight and angled forceps were superior to the lateral cup forceps in terms of diagnostic adequacy (p = 0.020, p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: The reusable straight-shaft spiked forceps provides larger and deeper esophageal biopsy specimens than either the angled or lateral cup forceps. The angled forceps provides specimens of similar adequacy for diagnosis compared with the straight forceps. The lateral cup forceps should not be used in the esophagus. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Dept Internal Med,Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Dept Internal Med,Div Gastroenterol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 55 IS 2 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1067/mge.2002.121225 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 519EE UT WOS:000173711300010 PM 11818921 ER PT J AU Mallama, A Wang, D Howard, RA AF Mallama, A Wang, D Howard, RA TI Photometry of mercury from SOHO/LASCO and Earth - The phase function from 2 to 170 degrees SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mercury; regoliths; photometry ID BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING; PARAMETERS; MOON AB CCD observations of Mercury were obtained with the large angle spectrometric coronograph (LASCO) on the solar and heliospheric observatory spacecraft, near superior and inferior solar conjunctions. Whole disk photometry was extracted from the orange and blue filter images and transformed to V magnitudes on the UBV system. The LASCO data were combined with ground-based, V-filter photometry acquired at larger elongation angles. The resulting photometric phase function covers the greatest span of angles to date and is the first wide-range function to be obtained since the era of visual observation. We analyzed the data using a polynomial fit and a Hapke function fit, and derived the following photometric results. Mercury's fully lit brightness, adjusted to a distance of 1.0 AU from the Sun and observer, was found to be V = -0.694(+/-0.030), which is more luminous than previously measured. The corresponding geometric albedo is 0.142 (+/-0.005). The phase integral is 0.478 (+/-0.005) and resulting spherical albedo is 0.068 (+/-0.003). The upper limit of a possible rotational brightness variation is about 0.05 magnitude, Mercury's brightness surges by more than 40% between phase angles 10 and 2degrees, while the illuminated fraction of the disk increases by less than 1%. A set of coefficients for Hapke's function that fit most of the phase curve includes h = 0.065 +/- 0.002 indicating that Mercury and the Moon have similar regolith compaction states and particle size distributions, and theta-bar = 16 +/- 1degrees implying a macroscopically smoother surface than the Moon. However, we found other solutions that fit the observations nearly as well with significantly smaller and larger values of h, and with values of theta-bar around 25degrees. The wide range for theta-bar is due to the inability of the model to fit the photometry obtained at large phase angles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Raytheon Co, ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Interferometrics, Chantilly, VA 22310 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mallama, A (reprint author), Raytheon Co, ITSS, 4400 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 35 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2002 VL 155 IS 2 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1006/icar.2001.6723 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 548GN UT WOS:000175380400001 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM Daniel, M Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Krowne, CM Daniel, M Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM TI Anisotropic permittivity and attenuation extraction from propagation constant measurements using an anisotropic full-wave Green's function solver for coplanar ferroelectric thin-film devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE anisotropic; attenuation; coplanar; electromagnetic propagation; experimental data; ferroelectric; Green's function; simulations; spectral-domain code; thin-film devices ID LAYERED MEDIA; MATRIX-METHOD AB In this paper, a full-wave spectral-domain integral-equation technique is used to study double substrate layer coplanar devices with the ferroelectric thin film adjacent to the conductor guiding interfacial surface. The Green's function is used in the anisotropic situation for anisotropic permittivities. In examining specific laboratory data, going from an unbiased static electric field to the biased case, the permittivity tensor is allowed to go from a unity tensor to a uniaxial one. Consistent with this: permittivity tensor behavior, the attenuation trend with frequency and its, amplitude is also found. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DCS Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1109/22.982233 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 519AR UT WOS:000173701700017 ER PT J AU Danly, BG Menninger, WL AF Danly, BG Menninger, WL TI PPPS2001 Special Issue SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boeing Electron Dynam Devices Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RP Danly, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 201 EP 201 AR PII S0093-3813(02)04547-2 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003859 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JQ UT WOS:000175846000001 ER PT J AU Qi, NS Schein, J Thompson, J Coleman, P McFarland, M Prasad, RR Krishnan, M Weber, BV Moosman, BG Schumer, JW Mosher, D Commisso, RJ Bell, D AF Qi, NS Schein, J Thompson, J Coleman, P McFarland, M Prasad, RR Krishnan, M Weber, BV Moosman, BG Schumer, JW Mosher, D Commisso, RJ Bell, D TI Z pinch imploding plasma density profile measurements using a two-frame laser shearing interferometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Plasma Science/Pulsed Power Conference (PPPS 2001) CY 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE plasma; plasma measurements; plasma refraction; shearing interferometry AB A laser shearing interferometer (LSI) was used to make spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the electron density profile in an imploding z pinch. Experiments were conducted on the 0.7-MA/250-ns Hawk machine, the 2.5-MA/100-ns ACE-4 machine, and the 3.8-MA/190-ns Double Eagle machine. Time and space resolved measurements of the current and plasma density are needed for better understanding of the implosion dynamics and stagnation physics of z pinches. The electron density profile can be obtained using an LSI. The LSI passes a short pulse, collimated laser beam across the imploding z pinch, which distorts the laser wavefront. The maximum wavefront distortion occurs where the density gradient is highest, such as across the current sheath. After passing through the pinch, the distorted wavefronts are split into two beams that are laterally displaced relative to one other. This shearing causes interference between these two wavefronts and produces an interferogram, from which the plasma density profiles are derived. In the experiments, a 150-ps laser pulse was split into two pulses with an interpulse delay of several tens of nanoseconds. This pulse pair gave two snap shots of the electron density profiles during the 100-300-ns implosions. From these interferograms, electron densities and implosion velocities of the imploding plasmas were derived, the current sheath was observed, and the plasma ionization states, growth rates, and wavelengths of instabilities were estimated. The results motivate construction of an upgraded instrument with four or more frames and with an added laser polarimetry measurement (Faraday rotation) capability to obtain both electron and current profiles. C1 Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Qi, NS (reprint author), Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 227 EP 238 AR PII S0093-3813(02)02459-1 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003865 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JQ UT WOS:000175846000005 ER PT J AU Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC AF Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC TI Experimental evaluation of a megavolt rod-pinch diode as a radiography source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE critical current; electron beam diode; pinching; pulsed power; radiography; space-charge-limited current ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB The rod-pinch diode is a cylindrical pinched-beam diode that provides an intense pulsed small-diameter bremsstrahlung source for radiography. For this work, the diode consists of a 1- to 6.4-mm-diameter anode rod that extends through the hole of an annular cathode. After exiting the cathode, wider anodes taper down to a 1 rum diameter. All of the anode rods then have a 1-mm-diameter tungsten tip that is usually tapered to a point. Rod-pinch diodes with anode rods of different materials, lengths, and diameters were powered by the Gamble H generator at peak voltages of 1.0 to 1.8 MV and peak currents of 30 to 60 kA. The radiation was characterized with temporally and spatially resolved X-ray diagnostics. Pinhole-camera images and time-resolved pin-diode measurements indicate that the radiation is emitted primarily from the vicinity of the rod tip. The dose measured with thermoluminescent detectors through a plexiglass transmission window ranges from 0.6 to 2.8 R at 1 m from the rod tip and the dose/charge scales faster than linearly with the diode voltage. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the radiation pulse is 30 to 50 ns. The size of the radiation source is determined by measuring its edge spread function. The source diameter, defined here as the FWHM of the derivative of the edge spread function, decreases from 2 mm for a 6.4-mm-diameter rod to 1 mm or less for a 1-mm-diameter rod. Analysis suggests that the central portion of the radiation distribution at the source can be approximated by a uniformly radiating circular disc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 338 EP 351 AR PII S0093-3813(02)02463-3 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003878 PN 3 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JT UT WOS:000175846200005 ER PT J AU Murphy, DP Femsler, RF Pechacek, RE Meger, RA AF Murphy, DP Femsler, RF Pechacek, RE Meger, RA TI Microwave emission from plasmas produced by magnetically confined electron beams SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyclotron harmonics; electron beam; microwave emission; two-stream instability ID LARGE-AREA; SHEET AB Microwave emission, in the x-band frequency range (8.2-12.4 GHz), from a thin, large, rectangular sheet plasma has been measured. The plasma electron density was such that the plasma frequency was within or just above this frequency range. The plasma was immersed in an external magnetic field from a set of Helmholz coils. The magnetic field was oriented parallel to the electric field between the anode ground plane and a cylindrical, hollow cathode. The spectrum of the emitted noise was measured for both ordinary mode (P to B) and extraordinary mode (perpendicular to to B) polarization in the x-band. The emission was strongest at high harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency. Mechanisms that might produce this noise and its potential use as a diagnostic tool are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Murphy, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 436 EP 441 AR PII S0093-3813(02)02460-8 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003893 PN 3 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JT UT WOS:000175846200019 ER PT J AU Guerry, P Szymanski, CM Prendergast, MM Hickey, TE Ewing, CP Pattarini, DL Moran, AP AF Guerry, P Szymanski, CM Prendergast, MM Hickey, TE Ewing, CP Pattarini, DL Moran, AP TI Phase variation of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 lipooligosaccharide affects ganglioside mimicry and invasiveness in vitro SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; SERUM RESISTANCE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; CELLS; ACID; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI-81-176; IDENTIFICATION AB The outer cores of the lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of many strains of Campylobacter jejuni mimic human gangliosides in structure. A population of cells of C.jejuni strain 81-176 produced a mixture of LOS cores which consisted primarily of structures mimicking GM(2) and GM(3) gangliosides, with minor amounts of structures mimicking GD(11) and GD(2). Genetic analyses of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the outer core of C. Jejuni 81-176 revealed the presence of a homopolymeric tract of G residues within a gene encoding CgtA, an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Variation in the number of G residues within cgtA affected the length of the open reading frame, and these changes in cgtA corresponded to a change in LOS structure from GM(2) to GM(3) ganglioside mimicry. Site-specific mutation of cgtA in 81-176 resulted in a major LOS core structure that lacked GaINAc and resembled GM(3) ganglioside. Compared to wild-type 81-176, the cgtA mutant showed a significant increase in invasion of INT407 cells. In comparison, a site-specific mutation of the neuC1 gene resulted in the loss of sialic acid in the LOS core and reduced resistance to normal human serum but had no affect on invasion of INT407 cells. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI43559, R01 AI043559] NR 43 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 787 EP 793 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.2.787-793.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 516LY UT WOS:000173555800046 PM 11796612 ER PT J AU Nada, N Shing, M Berzins, V Luqi AF Nada, N Shing, M Berzins, V Luqi TI Automated prototyping tool-kit (APT) SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Information and Computer Science (WICS 2000) CY 2000 CL SAUDI ARABIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Saudi Arabia Chapter, Saudi Aramco, Informat Technol Planning Div, Origin Middle E, Saudi Oracle, Chamber Commerce & Ind, King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals DE APT; automated prototyping; real-time systems; command and control; formal methods; evolution; reuse; architecture; components; PSDL AB Automated prototyping tool-kit (APT) is an integrated set of software tools that generate source programs directly from real-time requirements. The APT system uses a fifth-generation prototyping language to model the communication structure, timing constraints, I/O control, and data buffering that comprise the requirements for an embedded software system. The language supports the specification of hard real-time systems with reusable components from domain specific component libraries. APT has been used successfully as a research tool in prototyping large war-fighter control systems (e.g. the command-and-control station, cruise missile flight control system, patriot missile defense systems) and demonstrated its capability to support the development of large complex embedded software. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Zayed Univ, Coll Informat Syst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. USN, Dept Comp Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nada, N (reprint author), Zayed Univ, Coll Informat Syst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM nnada@gmu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 140 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0020-0255(01)00174-8 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 510VP UT WOS:000173228200005 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Bandyopadhyay, PR TI Maneuvering hydrodynamics of fish and small underwater vehicles SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED BODIES; SWIMMING PROPULSION; SURFACE-WAVES; INSECT FLIGHT; HYDROMECHANICS AB The understanding of fish maneuvering and its application to underwater rigid bodies are considered. The goal is to gain insight into stealth. The recent progress made in NUWC is reviewed. Fish morphology suggests that control fins for maneuverability have unique scalar relationships irrespective of their speed type. Maneuvering experiments are carried out with fish that are fast yet maneuverable. The gap in maneuverability between fish and small underwater vehicles is quantified. The hydrodynamics of a dorsal fin based brisk maneuvering device and a dual flapping foil device, as applied to rigid cylindrical bodies, are described. The role of pectoral wings in maneuvering and station keeping near surface waves is discussed. A pendulum model of dolphin swimming is presented to show that body length and tail flapping frequency are related. For nearly neutrally buoyant bodies, Fronde number and maneuverability are related. Analysis of measurements indicates that the Strouhal number of dolphins is a constant. The mechanism of discrete and deterministic vortex shedding from oscillating control surfaces has the property of-large amplitude unsteady forcing and an exquisite phase dependence, which makes it inherently amenable to active control for precision maneuvering. Theoretical control studies are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of maneuverability of biologically inspired bodies under surface waves. The application of fish hydrodynamics to the silencing of propulsors is considered. Two strategies for the reduction of radiated noise are developed. The effects of a reduction of rotational rate are modeled. The active cambering of blades made of digitally programmable artificial muscles, and their thrust enhancement, are demonstrated. Next, wake momentum filling is carried out by artificial muscles at the trailing edge of a stator blade of an upstream stator propulsor, and articulating them like a fish tail. A reduction of radiated noise, called blade tonals, is demonstrated theoretically. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Prop Hydrodynam & Silencing Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Prop Hydrodynam & Silencing Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 102 EP 117 DI 10.1093/icb/42.1.102 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 597TT UT WOS:000178237400012 PM 21708699 ER PT J AU Bazant, ZP Rajapakse, YDS Allen, DH Ballarini, R Espinosa, HD Gao, H Gettu, R Jirasek, M Pijaudier-Cabot, G Planas, J Ulm, FJ AF Bazant, ZP Rajapakse, YDS Allen, DH Ballarini, R Espinosa, HD Gao, H Gettu, R Jirasek, M Pijaudier-Cabot, G Planas, J Ulm, FJ TI Report on ONR Workshop on Fracture Scaling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE fracture; scaling; size effect; failure; structural analysis; micromechanics; composites; concrete; damage; nonlocal models; gradient models ID SITU TENSILE-STRENGTH; ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS; COHESIVE CRACK; CONCRETE; DAMAGE; MODEL; ROCK; ICE AB The paper reports on the discussions at the ONR Workshop on Fracture Scaling, held at University of Maryland in June 1999, under the chairmanship of Z.P. Bazant and Y.D.S. Rajapakse. The workshop dealt with size effects in structural failure and scale bridging in mechanics of materials. The lectures at the Workshop were published in Volume 95 of this Journal. The objective of this paper is to present records and interpretations of the extensive discussions prepared by invited specialists. The records show which are the areas of disagreement among leading researchers and which are those where consensus has been reached. C1 Northwestern Univ, Walter P Murphy Chair Civil Engn & Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Off Naval Res, Solid Mech Program, Ship Struct & Syst S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Construct Engn, Struct Technol Lab, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, LSCDGC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Paris 06, LMT, ENS Cachan, CNRS, F-94235 Cachan, France. Inst Univ France, Paris, France. Univ Politecn Madrid, ETS Ingn Caminos, Dept Ciencia Mat, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Dept Civil Engn, Cambridge, MA 02739 USA. RP Bazant, ZP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Walter P Murphy Chair Civil Engn & Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Jirasek, Milan/B-7504-2008; Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009; Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009; Gao, Huajian/F-9360-2010; Planas, Jaime/K-8639-2012 OI Jirasek, Milan/0000-0001-5795-9587; Planas, Jaime/0000-0003-2296-0208 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 113 IS 4 BP 345 EP 366 DI 10.1023/A:1014293822196 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 523ZC UT WOS:000173986600004 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, SA TI Investigation of the cylinder separated shear-layer physics by large-eddy simulation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; WAKE; TURBULENT; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION; FLOWS AB The transition process to turbulence occurring within the separated shear layers of a circular cylinder is investigated by the large-eddy simulation methodology. The Reynolds number (Re = 8000) is sub-critical, meaning that upstream separation is laminar. In this study, we desire to improve our understanding of the shear-layer properties as well as assess the capability of the solution methodology to accurately resolve the fundamental characteristics. In the computation, the dynamic eddy-viscosity model is implemented to handle the turbulent scales cut off by the grid-filter. However, the grid-scale level within the shear layer resolves the majority of turbulent scales of interest. The governing equations are re-cast into a curvilinear coordinate framework to accommodate a non-orthogonal grid comprised of line clustering near the cylinder periphery and within the shear-layer region. Two fundamental frequencies persist throughout the entire transition process; one identifying von Karman shedding and the other denoting the Bloor "transition wave". Only two other mixed modes are clearly discernible. Transition begins approximately 1/4 diameters from separation and concludes about one diameter further downstream. All the characteristic trends of the shear layer, in terms of their growth rate and dependence on Re, that were established by M.F. Unal, D. Rockwell [J. Fluid Mech. 190 (1988) 491] have been verified by the present simulation to the higher Re. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 74,Bldg 1346-4, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0142-727X(01)00134-5 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 519AU UT WOS:000173701900001 ER PT J AU Kang, W Yeh, HH AF Kang, W Yeh, HH TI Co-ordinated attitude control of multi-satellite systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 205 DI 10.1002/rnc.682 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 528LJ UT WOS:000174245000006 ER PT J AU Zheng, JL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zheng, JL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Powers and efficiency performance of an endoreversible Braysson cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Braysson cycle; finite time thermodynamics; entropy generation minimization; power; efficiency; optimal performance ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; BRAYTON HEAT ENGINE; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; IRREVERSIBILITIES; GAS; PLANT AB Performance analysis of a Braysson cycle has been performed using entropy generation minimization or finite time thermodynamics. The analytical formula about power output and efficiency of an endoreversible Braysson cycle with heat resistance losses in the hot and cold-side heat exchangers are derived. The influences of the design parameters on the performance of the cycle are analyzed by detailed numerical examples. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 201 EP 205 AR PII S1290-0729(01)01298-4 DI 10.1016/S1290-0729(01)01298-4 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 535UX UT WOS:000174665700010 ER PT J AU Borden, B AF Borden, B TI Mathematical problems in radar inverse scattering SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WAVE-GUIDE CAVITIES; TIME-FREQUENCY ISAR; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; SINGULARITY EXPANSION; TARGET IDENTIFICATION; SAR DATA; MOTION COMPENSATION; PARAMETRIC MODEL; RANGE PROFILES AB The problem of all-weather noncooperative target recognition is of considerable interest to both defense and civil aviation agencies. Furthermore, the discipline of radar inverse scattering spans a set of real-world problems whose complexity can be as simple as perfectly conducting objects in uniform, isotropic, and clutter-free environments but also includes problems that are progressively more difficult. Consequently, this topic is attractive as a practical starting point for general object characterization schemes. But traditional radar target models-upon which most current radar systems are based-are nearing the end of their usefulness. Unfortunately, most traditional research programmes have emphasized instrumentation over image and model analysis and, consequently, the discipline is unnecessarily jargon-laden and device-specific. The result is that recent contributions in advanced imaging, inverse scattering and model fitting methods have often been 'excluded' from mainstream radar efforts. This topical review is intended to serve as a survey of current and proposed schemes and an overview and discussion of roadblocks to successful implementation of some of the more popular approaches. The presentation has been constructed in a manner that (it is hoped) will appeal to those physicists and applied mathematicians who are not approaching the subject of radar imaging from a formal radar background. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 162 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 EI 1361-6420 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP R1 EP R28 AR PII S0266-5611(02)24835-2 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/18/1/201 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 529UC UT WOS:000174316900001 ER PT J AU Du, G Lindemuth, JR Dodrill, BC Sandhu, R Wojtowicz, M Goorsky, MS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Du, G Lindemuth, JR Dodrill, BC Sandhu, R Wojtowicz, M Goorsky, MS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Characterizing multi-carrier devices with quantitative mobility spectrum analysis and variable field Hall measurements SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Electr, Informat & Commun Engineers, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dec Assoc, Res & Dev Assoc Future Electron Devices DE device characterization; Hall effect; SdH effect; quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA); heterostructure devices; pHEMT ID MAGNETOTRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION; CONDUCTION AB Single magnetic field Hall measurements are inadequate for characterizing multicarrier mixed conduction in heterostructure devices, since the resultant mobility and density parameters are averaged over all carriers. We demonstrate an optimized quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) technique for resolving individual carrier mobilities and densities in multi-carrier devices such as pHEMTs from field dependent Hall measurement data. The reliability and sensitivity of this technique suggests that it is a suitable standard tool for routine characterization of multi-carrier semiconductor devices. C1 Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Westerville, OH 43082 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. TRW Co Inc, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Du, G (reprint author), Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, 577 McCorkle Blvd, Westerville, OH 43082 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2B BP 1055 EP 1058 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.1055 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 566WM UT WOS:000176451300025 ER PT J AU MacPherson, H White, A Cummings, M Jobst, KA Rose, K Niemtzow, RC AF MacPherson, H White, A Cummings, M Jobst, KA Rose, K Niemtzow, RC CA STRICTA Grp TI Standards for reporting interventions in controlled trials of acupuncture: The STRICTA recommendations SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Acupuncture treatment and control group interventions in parallel-group randomized trials of acupuncture are not always precisely reported. In an attempt to improve standards, an international group of experienced acupuncturists and researchers devised a set of recommendations, designating them STRICTA: STandards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture. In a further consensus-building round, the editors of several journals helped redraft the recommendations. These follow the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) format, acting as an extension of the CONSORT guidelines for the specific requirements of acupuncture studies. Participating journals are publishing the STRICTA recommendations and requesting prospective authors to adhere to them when preparing reports for publication. Other journals are invited to adopt these recommendations. The intended outcome is that interventions in controlled trials of acupuncture will be more adequately reported, thereby facilitating an improvement in critical appraisal, analysis and replication of trials. C1 Fdn Trad Chinese Med, STRICTA Grp, York YO24 4EY, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Exeter, Dept Complementary Med, Exeter, Devon, England. British Med Acupuncture Soc, London, England. Chinese Acad Tradit Chinese Med, Inst Hist Med Med Literature, Complex & Chinese Med Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP MacPherson, H (reprint author), Fdn Trad Chinese Med, STRICTA Grp, 122A Acomb Rd, York YO24 4EY, N Yorkshire, England. EM hugh@ftcm.org.uk NR 7 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 EI 1557-7708 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1089/107555302753507212 PG 5 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 534KH UT WOS:000174585200013 PM 11890439 ER PT J AU Clinton, TW Broussard, PR Johnson, M AF Clinton, TW Broussard, PR Johnson, M TI Advances in the development of the magnetoquenched superconducting valve: Integrated control lines and a Nb-based device SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILM AB The magnetoquenched superconducting valve is a nonvolatile switch consisting of a ferromagnetic film that spans a superconducting strip. A device state is dictated by the magnetization orientation of the ferromagnetic element and the corresponding magnetic fringe fields at its edge which control the critical current in the underlying superconductor. A Pb-based device has been fabricated with a "write wire" inductively coupled to the ferromagnetic layer as an integrated control line. A current pulse through the control line produces a small local magnetic field that is larger than the coercivity H-c of the ferromagnet and which orients the magnetization, thus switching the device state. A comparison of device switching is made between use of a current pulse through the control line and use of an external magnetic field pulse. There is good agreement between the two methods, and device switching is demonstrated with fields as small as 20 Oe. In a further effort to develop a practical device, the quenchvalve effect is demonstrated in Nb, the superconducting digital electronics "industry-standard" material. A two-fold modulation in the critical current is observed at T=4.2 K, and the effect increases as the temperature approaches T-c=9 K. These results further demonstrate the promise of this device for application as a storage cell in a high-density superconducting random access memory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clinton, TW (reprint author), Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1371 EP 1377 DI 10.1063/1.1427428 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000173418500073 ER PT J AU Sageman, WS Riffenburgh, RH Spiess, BD AF Sageman, WS Riffenburgh, RH Spiess, BD TI Equivalence of bioimpedance and thermodilution in measuring cardiac index after cardiac surgery SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA LA English DT Article DE monitoring; hemodynamics; cardiac output; cardiac index; pulmonary artery catheter; bioimpedance; noninvasive ID PULMONARY-ARTERY CATHETERIZATION; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; RIGHT-HEART CATHETERIZATION; OUTPUT; RELIABILITY; PHYSICIANS; PRESSURE; TRIAL; CARE AB Objective: To compare thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) cardiography versus pulmonary artery thermodilution (TD) derived cardiac index in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Design: Prospective, blinded electronic data collection. Setting: Intensive care unit of a military hospital. Participants: Post-cardiopulmonary bypass patients for primary comparison between technologies (n = 20) and patients for comparison of variability within each technology (n = 20). Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Cardiac index values by TEB or TD were collected simultaneously. Linear regression, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, bias, and precision measures within the large data set group and within each patient over time were calculated. Linearity in regression and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99 were shown. A bias of 0.07 L/min/m(2) and precision of 0.40 L/min/m(2) were within acceptable clinical limits, as were equivalence test results. Conclusions: TEB is equivalent to TD-derived cardiac index in postoperative cardiac surgery patients. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Spiess, BD (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, POB 980695,1200 E Broad St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 32 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1053-0770 J9 J CARDIOTHOR VASC AN JI J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1053/jcan.2002.29635 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Anesthesiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System GA 524CT UT WOS:000173995000003 PM 11854871 ER PT J AU Polizzotto, MJ AF Polizzotto, MJ TI Evaluation and treatment of the adult patient with migraine SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND; MULTICENTER TRIAL; NAPROXEN SODIUM; UNITED-STATES; PROPHYLAXIS; HEADACHE; PLACEBO; PROPRANOLOL; ACETAMINOPHEN; SUMATRIPTAN C1 USN Hosp, Family Practice Residency Program, Camp Pendelton, CA 92055 USA. RP Polizzotto, MJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Box 555191, Camp Pendelton, CA 92055 USA. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 520JA UT WOS:000173776900009 PM 11978214 ER PT J AU Lean, JL AF Lean, JL TI Comment on "Validating the solar EUV proxy, E-10.7" by W. K. Tobiska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE solar irradiance; variability models ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673L,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS A2 AR 1027 DI 10.1029/2001JA000137 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MF UT WOS:000178907600006 ER PT J AU Stephan, AW Colerico, M Mendillo, M Reinisch, BW Anderson, D AF Stephan, AW Colerico, M Mendillo, M Reinisch, BW Anderson, D TI Suppression of equatorial spread F by sporadic E SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; PLASMA BUBBLES; IONOSPHERE; REGION; MODEL; FIELD; IRREGULARITIES; VARIABILITY; LATITUDE; ORIGIN AB [1] We have examined quantitatively the influence a low-latitude, premidnight sporadic E layer might have on the daily and hourly development of equatorial spread F (ESF). In particular, we calculated changes in the flux tube-integrated Pedersen conductivity as it affects the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which governs the initial development of ESF. We find that the growth rate is lowered by an order of magnitude with a density of 1 x 10(6) cm(-3) in a slab from 115 to 120 km. Since sporadic E layers observed after dusk do not regularly reach these values, they are not a likely source of the daily variability in ESF. However, even a mild enhancement in the postsunset E region could lead to a significant suppression of ESF if it also inhibits the upward plasma drift of the prereversal enhancement, a key variable in the growth rate of the equatorial spread F instability. Thus, consistent with the nature of an instability, the second-order effect (suppressed upward drift) is more important than the first-order cause (reduced F region to E region conductivity) of inhibited ESF onset. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stephan, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mendillo, Michael /H-4397-2014 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS A2 AR 1021 DI 10.1029/2001JA000162 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MF UT WOS:000178907600012 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ TI A procedure for laser hazard classification under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; accessible emission limit (AEL); pulsed lasers; laser hazard classification ID PRIMATE EYE; PULSES; LESIONS AB Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has been conducted. The ANSI Z136.1 is a user standard, as opposed to a manufacturer standard like the Federal Laser Product Performance Standard. As such, differing philosophies for hazard classification and application of safety control measures apply, based upon the user's perspective. Here we present the second in a series of tutorial articles designed to clarify laser hazard analysis procedures under this new ANSI Standard. The procedure presented allows the reader to effectively determine the appropriate hazard classification for a small-source laser by using known laser output parameters in a step-by-step analysis. (C) 2002 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.2351/1.1436484 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 528RM UT WOS:000174256800012 ER PT J AU Cho, S Kim, Y Olafsen, LJ Vurgaftman, I Freeman, AJ Wong, GKL Meyer, JR Hoffmann, CA Ketterson, JB AF Cho, S Kim, Y Olafsen, LJ Vurgaftman, I Freeman, AJ Wong, GKL Meyer, JR Hoffmann, CA Ketterson, JB TI Large magnetoresistance in post-annealed polycrystalline and epitaxial Bi thin films SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics of Magnetic Materials/International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Technologies CY MAY 13-16, 2001 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Chinese Assoc Magnet Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Opto Electr & Syst Labs, MOEA, Dept Ind Technol, MOEA, Digital Video Ind Dev Program Off, MOEA,Ind Dev Bur, Ind Technol Res Inst, Natl Sci Council, Taiwan, CMC Magnet Co, Super Electr Co Ltd, Sunnon Electr Co Ltd, Fortune Elect Co Ltd, Kai Rong Ind Co Ltd, Teco Electro Devices Co Ltd, High Mag Technol Corp, Document Works Co DE bismuth; thin films; magnetoresistance; transport ID BISMUTH AB We have observed a large increase in the magnetoresistance (MR) of polycrystalline and epitaxial thin Bi films, which were subjected to a post-annealing procedure at 3degreesC below the Bi melting point. We have achieved an increase in the MR by a factor of 2560 at 5 K as compared with 343 for an as-grown epitaxial film due to enhanced carrier mobilities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Cho, S (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009; Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 239 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 201 EP 203 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00557-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00557-1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 544XN UT WOS:000175187300064 ER PT J AU Marshall, J Fiadeiro, M AF Marshall, J Fiadeiro, M TI The Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Marshall, J (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 381 EP 381 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0381:ETLSDC>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 523UW UT WOS:000173976500001 ER PT J AU Renfrew, IA Moore, GWK Guest, PS Bumke, K AF Renfrew, IA Moore, GWK Guest, PS Bumke, K TI A comparison of surface layer and surface turbulent flux observations over the Labrador Sea with ECMWF analyses and NCEP reanalyses SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTION; WATER-VAPOR; WIND STRESS; HEAT-FLUX; OCEAN; EVAPORATION; COEFFICIENT; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Comparisons are made between a time series of meteorological surface layer observational data taken on board the R/V Knorr, and model analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The observational data were gathered during a winter cruise of the R/V Knorr, from 6 February to 13 March 1997, as part of the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment. The surface layer observations generally compare well with both model representations of the wintertime atmosphere. The biases that exist are mainly related to discrepancies in the sea surface temperature or the relative humidity of the analyses. The surface layer observations are used to generate bulk estimates of the surface momentum flux, and the surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. These are then compared with the model-generated turbulent surface fluxes. The ECMWF surface sensible and latent heat flux time series compare reasonably well, with overestimates of only 13% and 10%, respectively. In contrast, the NCEP model overestimates the bulk fluxes by 51% and 27%, respectively. The differences between the bulk estimates and those of the two models are due to different surface heat flux algorithms. It is shown that the roughness length formula used in the NCEP reanalysis project is inappropriate for moderate to high wind speeds. Its failings are acute for situations of large air-sea temperature difference and high wind speed, that is, for areas of high sensible heat fluxes such as the Labrador Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the Gulf Stream, and the Kuroshio. The new operational NCEP bulk algorithm is found to be more appropriate for such areas. It is concluded that surface turbulent flux fields from the ECMWF are within the bounds of observational uncertainty and therefore suitable for driving ocean models. This is in contrast to the surface flux fields from the NCEP reanalysis project, where the application of a more suitable algorithm to the model surface-layer meteorological data is recommended. C1 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-2300 Kiel, Germany. RP British Antarctic Survey, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM i.renfrew@bas.ac.uk RI Renfrew, Ian/E-4057-2010; Moore, Kent/D-8518-2011 OI Renfrew, Ian/0000-0001-9379-8215; Moore, Kent/0000-0002-3986-5605 NR 45 TC 146 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0383:ACOSLA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 523UW UT WOS:000173976500002 ER PT J AU Harcourt, RR Steffen, EL Garwood, RW D'Asaro, EA AF Harcourt, RR Steffen, EL Garwood, RW D'Asaro, EA TI Fully Lagrangian floats in Labrador Sea deep convection: Comparison of numerical and experimental results SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; TURBULENT CONVECTION; OCEAN CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNSTEADY; FLUID; MODEL AB Measurements of deep convection from fully Lagrangian floats deployed in the Labrador Sea during February and March 1997 are compared with results from model drifters embedded in a large eddy simulation (LES) of the rapidly deepening mixed layer. The deep Lagrangian floats (DLFs) have a large vertical drag, and are designed to nearly match the density and compressibility of seawater. The high-resolution numerical simulation of deep convective turbulence uses initial conditions and surface forcing obtained from in situ oceanic and atmospheric observations made by the R/V Knorr. The response of model floats to the resolved large eddy fields of buoyancy and velocity is simulated for floats that are 5 g too buoyant, as well as for floats that are correctly ballasted. Mean profiles of potential temperature, Lagrangian rates of heating and acceleration, vertical turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), vertical heat flux, potential temperature variance, and float probability distribution functions (PDFs) are compared for actual and model floats. Horizontally homogeneous convection, as represented by the LES model, accounts for most of the first and second order statistics from float observations, except that observed temperature variance is several times larger than model variance. There are no correspondingly large differences in vertical TKE, heat flux, or mixed layer depth. The augmented temperature variance may be due to mixing across large-scale temperature and salinity gradients that are largely compensated in buoyancy. The rest of the DLF statistics agree well with the response of correctly ballasted model floats in the lowest 75% of the mixed layer, and are less consistent with results from buoyantly ballasted model floats. Other differences between observation and simulation in the mean profiles of heat flux, vertical TKE, and Lagrangian heating and vertical acceleration rates are confined to the upper quarter of the mixed layer. These differences are small contributions to layer-averaged quantities, but represent statistically significant profile features. Larger observed values of heat flux and vertical TKE in the upper quarter of the mixed layer are more consistent with model floats ballasted light. Float buoyancy, however, cannot fully account for the observed PDFs, temperature profiles, and Lagrangian rates of heating and acceleration. A test of Lagrangian self-consistency comparing vertical TKE and Lagrangian acceleration also shows that DLF measurements are not significantly affected by excess float buoyancy. These upper mixed layer features may instead be due to the interaction of wind-driven currents and baroclinicity. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Harcourt, RR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-HA,833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Rm 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 493 EP 510 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0493:FLFILS>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 523UW UT WOS:000173976500008 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Sounding the shallows: A Confederate companion for the Maryland Campaign of 1862 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.2307/3069724 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 519GM UT WOS:000173717200039 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS AF Johnstone, PAS TI Role of radiation therapy in the treatment of resectable rectal adenocarcinoma - Commentary SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURGEON-RELATED FACTORS; CANCER C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 118 EP 118 DI 10.1002/jso.10047 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 518HT UT WOS:000173662400008 ER PT J AU Lingevitch, JF Collins, MD Dacol, DK Drob, DP Rogers, JCW Siegmann, WL AF Lingevitch, JF Collins, MD Dacol, DK Drob, DP Rogers, JCW Siegmann, WL TI A wide angle and high Mach number parabolic equation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION; SOUND; PROPAGATION; ACOUSTICS; MEDIA; FLOW AB Various parabolic equations for advected acoustic waves have been derived based on the assumptions of small Mach number and narrow propagation angles, which are of limited validity in atmospheric acoustics. A parabolic equation solution that does not require these assumptions is derived in the weak shear limit, which is appropriate for frequencies of about 0.1 Hz and above for atmospheric acoustics. When the variables are scaled appropriately in this limit, terms involving derivatives of the sound speed, density, and wind speed are small but can have significant cumulative effects. To obtain a solution that is valid at large distances from the source, it is necessary to account for linear terms in the first derivatives of these quantities [A. D. Pierce, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 2292-2299 (1990)]. This approach is used to obtain a scalar wave equation for advected waves. Since this equation contains two depth operators that do not commute with each other, it does not readily factor into outgoing and incoming solutions. An approximate factorization is obtained that is correct to first order in the commutator of the depth operators. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Math, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lingevitch, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 111 IS 2 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1121/1.1430683 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 520MD UT WOS:000173784900008 PM 11865817 ER PT J AU Oba, R Finette, S AF Oba, R Finette, S TI Acoustic propagation through anisotropic internal wave fields: Transmission loss, cross-range coherence, and horizontal refraction SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; EQUATION; SOLITONS; OCEAN; DEEP; SEA AB Results of a computer simulation study are presented for acoustic propagation in a shallow water, anisotropic ocean environment. The water column is characterized by random volume fluctuations in the sound speed field that are induced by internal gravity waves, and this variability is superimposed on a dominant summer thermocline. Both the internal wave field and resulting sound speed perturbations are represented in three-dimensional (3D) space and evolve in time. The isopycnal displacements consist of two components: a spatially diffuse, horizontally isotropic component and a spatially localized contribution from an undular bore (i.e., a solitary wave packet or solibore) that exhibits horizontal (azimuthal) anisotropy. An acoustic field is propagated through this waveguide using a 3D parabolic equation code based on differential operators representing wide-angle coverage in elevation and narrow-angle coverage in azimuth. Transmission loss is evaluated both for fixed time snapshots of the environment and as a function of time over an ordered set of snapshots which represent the time-evolving sound speed distribution. Horizontal acoustic coherence, also known as transverse or cross-range coherence, is estimated for horizontally separated points in the direction normal to the source-receiver orientation. Both transmission loss and spatial coherence are computed at acoustic frequencies 200 and 400 Hz for ranges extending to 10 km, a cross-range of I km, and a water depth of 68 m. Azimuthal filtering of the propagated field occurs for this environment, with the strongest variations appearing when propagation is parallel to the solitary wave depressions of the thermocline. A large anisotropic degradation in horizontal coherence occurs under the same conditions. Horizontal refraction of the acoustic wave front is responsible for the degradation, as demonstrated by an energy gradient analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane energy transfer. The solitary wave packet is interpreted as a nonstationary oceanographic waveguide within the water column, preferentially funneling acoustic energy between the thermocline depressions. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oba, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 111 IS 2 BP 769 EP 784 DI 10.1121/1.1434943 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 520MD UT WOS:000173784900013 PM 11863179 ER PT J AU Boisvert, JE Van Buren, AL AF Boisvert, JE Van Buren, AL TI Acoustic radiation impedance of rectangular pistons on prolate spheroids SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The self and mutual radiation impedances for rectangular piston(s) arbitrarily located on a rigid prolate spheroidal baffle are formulated. The pistons are assumed to vibrate with uniform normal velocity and the solution is expressed in terms of a modal series representation in spheroidal eigenfunctions. The prolate spheroidal wave functions are obtained using computer programs that have been recently developed to provide accurate values of the wave functions at high frequencies. Results for the normalized self and mutual radiation resistance and reactance are presented over a wide frequency range for different piston sizes and spheroid shapes. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Boisvert, JE (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 111 IS 2 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1121/1.1420384 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 520MD UT WOS:000173784900023 PM 11865818 ER PT J AU Scandrett, C AF Scandrett, C TI Scattering and active acoustic control from a submerged spherical shell SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NATURAL FREQUENCIES; FREE-VIBRATION AB This paper is concerned with the scattering from a submerged (heavy fluid) bilaminate spherical shell composed of an outer layer of steel, and an inner layer of radially polarized piezoelectric material. The methodology used includes separation formulas for the stresses and displacements, which in turn are used (coupled with spherical harmonies) to reduce the governing equations to linear systems or ordinary differential equations. This technique uses the full equations of elasticity rather than any of the various thin-shell approximations in determining the axisymmetric scattering from a shell, normal modes of vibration for the shell, as well as voltages necessary for annihilation of a scattered pressure due to insonification of the shell by an incident plane wave. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 111 IS 2 BP 893 EP 907 DI 10.1121/1.1428749 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 520MD UT WOS:000173784900026 PM 11863191 ER PT J AU Van Wootten, W Turner, RE AF Van Wootten, W Turner, RE TI Macrosomia in neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes is associated with body mass index and previous gestational diabetes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FETAL MACROSOMIA; MELLITUS; MANAGEMENT; PREGNANCY; POPULATION; PREVENTION; WOMEN C1 USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Turner, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, POB 110370, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 102 IS 2 BP 241 EP 243 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 518JN UT WOS:000173664600020 PM 11846118 ER PT J AU Butler, JJ Malcuit, MS Rodriguez, MA AF Butler, JJ Malcuit, MS Rodriguez, MA TI Diffractive properties of highly birefringent volume gratings: investigation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLYMER; MEDIA; MORPHOLOGY; PHASE AB We have performed a detailed comparison of the predictions of coupled-wave theories of isotropic and anisotropic volume gratings. It is shown that material birefringence can dramatically modify the diffractive properties of volume gratings. The predictions of the coupled-wave theories have also been compared with the diffractive properties of volume gratings fabricated with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. It is shown that a coupled-wave theory that includes the effects of the birefringence of the liquid crystal must be used to explain the diffraction properties of these highly anisotropic gratings. Information can be obtained about the alignment of the liquid crystal within the composite gratings from comparisons of theory and experiment. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. JDS Uniphase Corp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. RP Butler, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.000183 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 522HY UT WOS:000173891500002 ER PT J AU Qaddoumi, N Bigelow, T Zoughi, R Brown, L Novack, M AF Qaddoumi, N Bigelow, T Zoughi, R Brown, L Novack, M TI Reduction of sensitivity to surface roughness and slight standoff distance variations in microwave testing of thick composite structures SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE microwave NDT; near field; thick composites; disbond; surface height; standoff distance ID RECTANGULAR WAVE-GUIDE; DIELECTRIC-SLABS AB Testing of thick sandwich composite structures is an important and challenging issue, Standard nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are not always capable of testing these structures for the presence of thin disbonds and delaminations. However, near field microwave NDT methods have shown great potential for this purpose. Although these methods arc very sensitive to the presence of thin disbonds and delaminations, they are also very sensitive to changes in [lie standoff distance. This change can be produced as a result of the scanning procedure, surface roughness or slowly changing undulations associated with a composite specimen, This paper presents the results of an investigation in which complex sandwich composites with authentic anomalous regions were used, as well as the development of a microwave testing system capable of automatically eliminating the adverse influence of standoff distance and surface roughness changes. Results produced at a frequency of 23.8 GHz showed many of [lie indications to be easily detected including a very thin disbond, delamination in foam core and impact damage. In addition, the versatility of this system to be successfully applied to very thick- and relatively thinner composite structures is also demonstrated. The overall approach and its subsequent results are presented in this paper. C1 Amer Univ Sharjah, Sch Engn, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. Colorado State Univ, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Missouri, Appl Microwave Nondestruct Testing Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Qaddoumi, N (reprint author), Amer Univ Sharjah, Sch Engn, POB 26666, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 60 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 520HP UT WOS:000173775900006 ER PT J AU Canario, JR Shenenberger, DW AF Canario, JR Shenenberger, DW TI Sumatriptan use in patients with migraine SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Canario, JR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RI Canario, Joao/B-1193-2008 OI Canario, Joao/0000-0002-5190-446X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 77 IS 2 BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 518LK UT WOS:000173669700015 PM 11838657 ER PT J AU McNelley, TR Swisher, DL Perez-Prado, MT AF McNelley, TR Swisher, DL Perez-Prado, MT TI Deformation bands and the formation of grain boundaries in a superplastic aluminum alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Applied Mechanics and Materials Summer Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID <011>ALUMINUM SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CONTINUOUS RECRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSMISSION KOSSEL; STRAIN DEFORMATION; ROLLING TEXTURES; FCC METALS; ORIENTATION; EVOLUTION; SHEET; MICROSTRUCTURES AB Superplastic aluminum alloys are often classified according to the mechanism of microstructural trans formation during annealing after deformation processing. In Al-Cu-Zr materials, such as Supral 2004, the presence of fine (10 to 50 nm) second-phase particles retards dislocation rearrangement and the formation and migration of boundaries during either annealing or elevated temperature deformation after thermomechanical processing. This leads to predominance of recovery in the evolution of microstructure, although high-angle boundaries must still form in order to account for the superplastic response of such materials. The mechanisms of high-angle boundary formation in such circumstances have remained unclear. The term "continuous recrystallization" (CRX) has been used as a phenomenological description of recovery-dominated processes that take place uniformly throughout the microstructure and lead to the formation of fine grains with high-angle boundaries, Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) methods have been employed to assess the as-processed microstructure of this alloy and its evolution during annealing at 450 degreesC, as well as during superplastic deformation at this temperature. Orientation images demonstrate the presence of deformation bands of alternating lattice orientations that corresponds to the symmetric variants of the brass, or B, texture component (<112> {110} in rolled material). During annealing, the high-angle grain boundaries (disorientation of 50 to 62.8 deg) develop from transition regions between such bands while the lower-angle boundaries (i.e., up to 20 deg) separate an evolving cell structure within the bands. Further OIM results show that the bands remain distinct features of the microstructure during either annealing alone or during deformation under superplastic conditions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ctr Nacl Invest Met, CENIM, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Perez-Prado, Maria Teresa/M-2050-2014 OI Perez-Prado, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-0758-2851 NR 58 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0089-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 520HU UT WOS:000173776300008 ER PT J AU Stroud, RA Long, JW Swider-Lyons, KE Rolison, DR AF Stroud, RA Long, JW Swider-Lyons, KE Rolison, DR TI Transmission electron microscopy studies of the nanoscale structure and chemistry of Pt50Ru50 electrocatalysts SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE TEM; electrocatalysts; Pt50Ru50; nanostructures; phase separation; catalysts; oxidation ID METHANOL FUEL-CELL; ELECTROOXIDATION; CATALYSTS; ALLOYS AB The structural and chemical heterogeneity of 2.5-nm Pt50Ru50 electrocatalysts was studied by transmission electron microscopy using selected area diffraction, lattice imaging, electron-energy loss spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The catalysts with the highest methanol oxidation activities exhibit oxidation-induced phase separation on the nanoscale to form Pt-rich metal embedded in Ru-rich hydrous and anhydrous oxide. Reduction of the oxide-on-metal samples produces a true bimetallic face-centered cubic Pt50Ru50 alloy, with 275 times lower oxidation activity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stroud, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1017/S1431927602010097 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 602VW UT WOS:000178526000010 PM 12533204 ER PT J AU Stuart, JA Murray, KM Ursano, RJ Wright, KM AF Stuart, JA Murray, KM Ursano, RJ Wright, KM TI The Department of Defense's Persian Gulf War Registry year 2000: An examination of veterans' health status SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL-EVALUATION; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; SYMPTOMS; STRESS; WOMEN; DISORDER; TROOPS AB This study examined the health status of 46,633 Persian Gulf War theater veterans who received full clinical evaluations in the Department of Defense's Gulf War Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program (CCEP) as of spring 2000. Clinical data analyzed included demographic information, 15 health symptoms, 19 wartime exposures, and primary and secondary physician-determined medical diagnoses based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, criteria. Findings and discussions are arrayed, by gender, with comparative 1996 data from the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Examination Registry Program. Many veterans reported fewer physical symptoms now than during the time of the Gulf War. Many endorsed symptoms of joint pain, fatigue, weight change, and sleep disturbances. Most reported exposure to diesel fuel and the nerve agent antidote pyridostigmine bromide; far fewer female veterans reported combat involvement. The most frequent primary or secondary diagnosed medical conditions were musculoskeletal/connective tissue diseases, ill-defined conditions, and mental disorders. Female veterans were diagnosed more frequently with mental disorders. Symptom endorsement and diagnosis rates between the CCEP and the Department of Veterans Affairs registry were not dissimilar. Overall, the self-reported general health of veterans with symptoms was much poorer (females had higher rates of "fair to poor" health than males) than that of veterans with no reported symptoms. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 20410 USA. RP Stuart, JA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100007 PM 11873533 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Page, JC Rovig, G Betts, LS Muller, JG Sack, DM AF Bohnker, BK Page, JC Rovig, G Betts, LS Muller, JG Sack, DM TI US Navy and Marine Corps Hearing Conservation Program, 1995-1999: Mean hearing thresholds for enlisted personnel by gender and age groups SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study presents mean hearing thresholds from a cross-sectional study of 68,632 monitoring audiograms submitted to the Navy Environmental Health Center for 1995 to 1999. Records included U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps enlisted personnel (Navy men = 51,643; Navy women = 4,184; Marine Corps men = 12,251; Marine Corps women = 554). Mean hearing thresholds were calculated for age groups (17-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50 years and older), gender (male/female), and service (Navy/Marine Corps). Although hearing thresholds worsened with increasing age, as expected, Navy and Marine Corps men have worse levels than Occupational Safety and Health Administration age-corrected values throughout most of their careers, whereas women were closer to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration values. Hearing thresholds in the Navy have not improved appreciably from historical reports. Threshold variability, as revealed by standard deviations, increased with age and paralleled threshold levels. This epidemiological information suggests that hearing conservation continues to be an important force health protection issue. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, 2510 Walmer Dr, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100009 PM 11873535 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Smith, PA Rascona, DA Louthan, JD Gumpert, B AF Thomas, RJ Smith, PA Rascona, DA Louthan, JD Gumpert, B TI Acute pulmonary effects from o-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile "tear gas": A unique exposure outcome unmasked by strenuous exercise after a military training event SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American Occupational Health Conference CY MAY, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Occupation Hlth ID RIOT-CONTROL AGENT; CS AB o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile, more commonly called CS, is grouped with several other irritant agents referred to as "tear gas." It is a riot-control agent used frequently in military settings to test the ability and speed of personnel in donning their military gas masks. When personnel are exposed to CS without proper personal protective equipment, it has potent irritant effects. We report a unique cluster of hospitalizations of nine U.S. Marines who developed a transient pulmonary syndrome. All nine patients had symptoms of cough and shortness of breath. Five of the nine presented with hemoptysis, and four presented with hypoxia. Symptoms were associated with strenuous physical exercise from 36 to 84 hours after heavy exposure of CS in a field training setting. Four of the nine Marines required intensive care observation as a result of profound hypoxia. All signs and symptoms resolved within 72 hours of hospital admission. One week after CS exposure, all nine Marines demonstrated normal lung function during spirometry before and after exercise challenge using cycle ergometry. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100010 PM 11873536 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Minagawa, RY Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK AF Booth-Kewley, S Minagawa, RY Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK TI A Behavioral intervention to prevent sexually transmitted diseases/human immunodeficiency virus in a marine corps sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIDS-PREVENTION; CONDOM USE; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; HIV; ADOLESCENTS; MEN; INTENTIONS; MODERATION AB Research evaluating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behavioral interventions among U.S. military personnel has been lacking. In this study, a behavioral intervention to prevent HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was implemented in a sample of Marine security guards. Participants were assessed before and after a three-session intervention on a measure of STDs/HIV knowledge and a number of psychosocial scales. The results indicated that STDs/HIV knowledge was significantly greater after the intervention. Significant pre-test vs. post-test differences were also found on the Social Norms, Behavioral Intentions, Attitudes toward Condoms, and Self-Efficacy/Impulse Control scales. On Social Norms and Behavioral Intentions, the differences were as expected: subjects perceived greater social norms supporting condom use and had stronger intentions to practice safe sex after the intervention than they had before. On Attitudes toward Condoms and Self-Efficacy/Impulse Control, the differences were not in the expected direction. Psychosocial factors associated with self-reported condom use were also identified. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100012 PM 11873538 ER PT J AU Smoley, BA AF Smoley, BA TI Oropharyngeal hymenoptera stings: A special concern for airway obstruction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOCAL REACTIONS; INSECTS; BEE AB Hymenoptera stings are common and cause 40 to 50 deaths each year. Hymenoptera venom contains a variety of toxic and allergenic substances that can produce many types of both local and systemic reactions. Of these, anaphylaxis is the most feared and the most common cause of sting-related deaths. Oropharyngeal stings, although rare, have the added potential to produce life-threatening airway obstruction via localized swelling. This threat is of particular concern to military personnel who operate in environments where stings are more likely to occur and where emergency medical resources are limited or lacking. This risk can be minimized if such victims are treated early and aggressively, even though they may initially present with minimal symptoms. C1 USN Hosp Guam, Primary Care Dept, Agana, GU USA. RP Smoley, BA (reprint author), USN Hosp Guam, Primary Care Dept, Agana, GU USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100016 PM 11873542 ER PT J AU Skeen, MB AF Skeen, MB TI Neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disease SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VITAMIN-E-DEFICIENCY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ADULT CELIAC-DISEASE; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CEREBRAL WHIPPLES-DISEASE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; TERM FOLLOW-UP; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS AB Gastrointestinal disease is occasionally associated with neurologic manifestations. Frequently, the neurologic manifestations occur in the setting of known gastrointestinal disease, and therefore the associations are evident. In some circumstances, however, the neurologic manifestations precede the development of gastrointestinal symptoms. Recently, the understanding of certain conditions such as Whipple's disease and gluten sensitivity has given rise to the recognition that neurologic manifestations may occur in the absence of gastrointestinal manifestations. Under these circumstances, the neurologist may become the primary diagnostician and must have a high index of suspicion for these conditions. The neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases can generally be separated into those resulting from nutritional deficiencies and those without evidence of a nutritional etiology. This article will first review the neurologic manifestations that occur in association with specific gastrointestinal diseases. Neurologic manifestations that result from specific nutritional deficiencies will then be reviewed. Neurologic manifestations of hepatic disease are not addressed in this article. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Neurol, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Skeen, MB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Div Neurol, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 173 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 195 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8619(03)00059-8 PG 32 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 519LU UT WOS:000173728400010 PM 11754307 ER PT J AU Davis, AW Mahapatra, RN AF Davis, AW Mahapatra, RN TI Oxidation behavior of Rh-xTi refractory alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE refractory alloys; isothermal oxidation; weight-gain measurements; optical microscopy; SEM; X-ray diffraction; EDS analysis ID SUPERALLOYS AB This paper describes the oxidation behavior of Rh-xTi (x=15 and 20 at.%) alloys between 1000 and 1300degreesC up to a period of 312 hr. The weight gain of arc-melted Rh-15Ti and Rh-20Ti alloys as a function of time was monitored during isothermal exposure in air. Results indicate that the oxidation resistance of Rh-15Ti and Rh-20Ti alloys at 1000 and 1100degreesC is similar to that of advanced nickel-base superalloys. Rh-xTi alloys also show, excellent oxidation resistance beyond the operational limit for nickel-base superalloys. Optical microscopy, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to study the microstructure and morphology of the oxides. These alloys oxidize by forming TiO2 and Rh2O3 complex oxides. The Rh-20Ti alloys displayed lower oxidation resistance than Rh-15Ti alloys. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Davis, AW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 191 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/0200-0181/0 DI 10.1023/A:1013303031201 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 523CE UT WOS:000173933600010 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Relaxation in nanometre-size polymers and glass formers: application of the coupling model to some current problems SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 12-15, 2001 CL ANDALO, ITALY ID LENGTH SCALE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; LIQUIDS; TERPHENYL AB Two recent experiments have shown dramatic changes in molecular dynamics when the size of the glass formers is reduced to the nanometre scale but in opposite directions. The first is a dielectric relaxation study by Anastasiadis et al. of the local segmental alpha relaxation in 1.5-2.0 nm poly(methyl phenyl siloxane) (PMPS) films confined between parallel solid surfaces of silicate nanocomposites. The alpha relaxation was observed to be much faster and had a significantly weaker temperature dependence compared to the bulk polymer. The other experiment is a molecular dynamics computer simulation by Scheidler et al. of a binary Lennard-Jones liquid confined either in a cylindrical pore or as a thin film confined between two walls. In the simulation, the walls were made of an amorphous structure similar to that of the confined liquid but the particles in the walls were fixed in position, The mobile particles inside the pore or in the thin film interact with each other and with the wall particles by the same potential. Scheidler et al. found the relaxation rates of particles in the pore or the film are slowed down and the degree of slowing down increases rapidly with decreasing distance between the particle and the wall. In this work, the coupling model is used to explain quantitatively the large changes in relaxation rates in the PMPS films and in the confined binary Lennard-Jones liquid, and why they go in opposite directions. Further, the observed effects in these two cases are shown to have analogues in the dynamics of probe molecules introduced in dilute quantity to glass-forming hosts and the component dynamics of miscible blends of two glass formers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1080/1364281010110085127 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 520QK UT WOS:000173792400005 ER PT J AU Feldman, U AF Feldman, U TI Electric currents as the main cause of coronal and flare activity in the Sun and in many late-type stars SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID SOLAR UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; PLASMAS; MORPHOLOGY AB Coronal temperatures of late type stars are hundreds to thousands of times higher than the temperatures of their photospheres. Attempts to account for the existence of high coronal temperature in the Sun. by invoking wave heating of various kinds and/or by the annihilation of parts of the magnetic field above the surface and using the resulted energy to heat coronal activity; seem to be unsuccessful. In this paper. I suggest that electric currents are the means by which the Sun and most likely many late type stars produce their coronal activity. To support this idea. I bring evidence from observations occurring in solar and stellar upper atmosphere plasmas that resemble in their appearance phenomena that are the consequence of electric currents flowing in highly ionized plasmas. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.065a00185 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 524QN UT WOS:000174024500010 ER PT J AU Lockhart, RB Steiner, MJ AF Lockhart, RB Steiner, MJ TI Preserving entanglement under perturbation and sandwiching all separable states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION AB Every entangled state can be perturbed and stay entangled. For a large class of pure entangled states, which includes all bipartite and all maximally entangled ones, we show how large the perturbation can be. Maximally entangled states can be perturbed the most. For each entangled state in our class, we construct hyperplanes which sandwich the set of all separable states. As the number of particles, or the dimensions of the Hilbert spaces for two of the particles increases, the distance between two of these hyperplanes goes to zero. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lockhart, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 022107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.022107 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500025 ER PT J AU Hirai, Y Zivkovic, I Frazer, BH Reginelli, A Perfetti, L Ariosa, D Margaritondo, G Prester, M Drobac, D Jiang, DT Hu, Y Sham, TK Felner, I Pederson, M Onellion, M AF Hirai, Y Zivkovic, I Frazer, BH Reginelli, A Perfetti, L Ariosa, D Margaritondo, G Prester, M Drobac, D Jiang, DT Hu, Y Sham, TK Felner, I Pederson, M Onellion, M TI Magnetic interactions and electronic states in superconducting and nonsuperconducting ruthenocuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; DC MAGNETIZATION; RU VALENCE; RUSR2GDCU2O8; GD; TRANSPORT; PHOTOEMISSION; COEXISTENCE; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA AB We measured polycrystalline samples of SrRuO3 and both superconducting and nonsuperconducting (hydrogen loaded) ruthenocuprates-Eu1.5Ce0.5RuSr2Cu2O10-x (Ru-1222)-samples using ac susceptibility, Ru 3p x-ray photoemission and Ru 2p x-ray-absorption measurements. The superconducting-and metallic-ruthenocuprate samples exhibit significant ferromagnetic fluctuations above the highest magnetic ordering temperature. The (Ru 3p) core level of the SrRuO3, and superconducting ruthenocuprate samples indicate that the (Ru) layers are metallic. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Phys, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Appl Phys, CH-1024 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6, Canada. Canadian Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM onellion@comb.physics.wisc.edu RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Zivkovic, Ivica/A-5816-2009 OI Zivkovic, Ivica/0000-0003-0366-8199 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 054417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054417 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000064 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R AF Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R TI First-principles investigation of MnFe2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CURIE-TEMPERATURE; CATION DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLES; FERRITE; STATE AB Spinel structure MnFe2O4 is investigated using density functional calculations. The ground state is a high spin ferrimagnet in agreement with experiment. The band structure shows a low carrier density half metal in the fully ordered state, in contrast to experimental characterizations of partially disordered samples as small band gap insulators. However, we find a strong coupling of the energy bands at the Fermi energy to the internal structural parameter u as well as strong effects on the electronic structure upon partial interchange of Fe and Mn atoms. This indicates that the insulating character may be due to Anderson localization associated With the intersite Mn-Fe disorder. This possibility is discussed in terms of the relation between other calculated properties and experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Sci Mat, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, Rech Met Phys Sect, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064432 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700072 ER PT J AU Stokes, HT Sadate, C Hatch, DM Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ AF Stokes, HT Sadate, C Hatch, DM Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ TI Analysis of the ferroelectric phase transition in BaAl2O4 by group theoretical methods and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHOD; SOLIDS AB Group theoretical methods are applied to a ferroelectric phase transition in barium aluminate (BaAl2O4). The atomic displacements from x-ray-diffraction data are decomposed into four modes: a primary order parameter and three secondary order parameters. The spontaneous polarization P-s is shown to arise from a secondary order parameter, resulting in a very small value of P-s, as is typical of other improper ferroelectrics. Using a first-principles computational method, we show that the primary order parameter becomes unstable, and is driven to a nonzero value at the phase transition. Through coupling, the nonzero primary order parameter then drives the secondary order parameters to nonzero values as well. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stokes, HT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700017 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Widing, KG AF Feldman, U Widing, KG TI A review of the first ionization potential effect on elemental abundances in the solar corona and in flares SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Geophys Union ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ACTIVE REGIONS; ATMOSPHERE; NEON; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN; WIND; MAGNESIUM; PLASMAS; QUIET AB The elemental composition of solar upper atmosphere plasmas was studied from spectra obtained by instruments aboard all major solar observatories that were launched into space in the last three decades. The studies show that the first ionization potential (FIP) of the elements has a profound effect on their abundance in the various solar upper atmosphere regions. In this paper we review properties of the FIP effect as they relate to coronal holes, quiet regions, active regions and flares and we show that although the derived compositions vary considerably with the type of plasma observed regularities in their behavior are emerging. The observed behavior may help identify the energy deposition mechanism that fuels the corona and solar flares. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ufeldman@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1063/1.1435000 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700031 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Campbell, CD AF Johnson, WB Campbell, CD TI Character and fitness requirements for professional psychologists: Are there any? SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY; GRADUATE-STUDENTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; IMPAIRMENT; FUTURE; ISSUES AB Should the profession of psychology more carefully and intentionally evaluate the moral character and personal fitness of applicants for graduate school admission and state licensure? Although lawyer applicants for bar admission have been screened on the basis of character and fitness for nearly 50 years, professional psychology devotes only cursory attention to such standards. The purpose of this article is to use the legal profession's approach to character and fitness screening as an exemplar for professional psychology. The authors recommend development of national standards that are based on the essential characteristics of practicing psychologists and offer a preliminary list of minimal character and fitness requirements. By collaboratively and proactively working to ensure high character and fitness standards, graduate programs and licensing boards will simultaneously protect consumers and the public image of psychology. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Business & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.33.1.46 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 514QJ UT WOS:000173452300007 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, WB TI The intentional mentor: Strategies and guidelines for the practice of mentoring SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; PROTEGE RELATIONSHIPS; CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY; GRADUATE-EDUCATION; DUAL RELATIONSHIPS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; ETHNIC-MINORITIES; NATIONAL SURVEY; WOMEN; MODEL AB How can faculty in professional psychology programs become more intentional and effective mentors? Many psychology graduate students are never mentored, and very few psychologists have ever received training in the practice of mentoring. This article briefly summarizes the nature of mentoring, the prevalence of mentoring in psychology, primary obstacles to mentoring, and some ethical concerns unique to mentoring. The article provides several strategies to enhance mentoring and guidelines for the profession, departments of psychology, and individual psychologists who serve as mentors. This article is designed to help readers take a more deliberate approach to the practice of mentoring. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Grad Sch Business & Edcu, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI George, Sarah/D-4782-2012 NR 66 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.33.1.88 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 514QJ UT WOS:000173452300013 ER PT J AU Elam, WT Ravel, BD Sieber, JR AF Elam, WT Ravel, BD Sieber, JR TI A new atomic database for X-ray spectroscopic calculations SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atomic parameters; fundamental parameters; absorption cross sections; photon cross sections; X-ray absorption; X-ray fluorescence; Coster-Kronig transitions; fluorescence yield; X-ray emission ID SHELL COSTER-KRONIG; FLUORESCENCE YIELDS; RADIATIVE RATES; AUGER AB The authors undertook to compile a database of recent values of the atomic parameters required for fundamental parameters (FP) calculation of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, calculation of X-ray absorption in crystals and other samples, and correction of X-ray absorption spectra for self-absorption effects. All values were obtained from published sources and include the elements hydrogen (atomic number 1) through californium (atomic number 98). The data were collected into a single unstructured ASCII text file. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elam, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 10551 158th Ave NE, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. NR 18 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 5 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 63 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00227-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512MW UT WOS:000173329000002 ER PT J AU Ruffa, AA AF Ruffa, AA TI The group velocity of electromagnetic waves diffracted by a small aperture SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article AB Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by an aperture in an infinite opaque screen is approached using an integral expression characterized by the spatial Fourier transform at the aperture. The group velocity of the field propagated from the aperture assumes a continuous distribution of values corresponding to the distribution in transverse wavenumber. The gravitational Doppler shift is computed for an aperture that is small compared to a wavelength. It is found that the integral expression can be evaluated analytically, leading to a distribution of Doppler shifts, the minimum Doppler shift is on the order of one part in 10(15). Every additional order of magnitude increase in the Doppler shift results in a decrease in amplitude by two orders of magnitude. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ruffa, AA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(01)00088-9 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 500DW UT WOS:000172611500005 ER PT J AU Imam, MA Chu, HP Rath, BB AF Imam, MA Chu, HP Rath, BB TI Fatigue properties of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; cycle; fatigue properties AB The low cycle fatigue properties of a Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta:-0.8Mo (Ti-6211) alloy have been studied by testing hourglass specimens, based on ASTM specification 606-92, under cyclic stresses in strain-controlled conditions. Results indicate that strain softening occurs under cyclic loading and that fatigue life can be related to either strain range or stress range. Both low cycle and high cycle fatigue data on Ti-6211 have been reviewed. A complete fatigue curve has been established which predicts fatigue life of the alloy for R = - 1 from 100 to 100 million cycles. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Dept Navy, Code 6320,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 323 IS 1-2 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01473-3 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 516WM UT WOS:000173579800058 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Li, BS Ma, W Barker, JL Chang, YH Zhao, WQ Rubinow, DR AF Zhang, L Li, BS Ma, W Barker, JL Chang, YH Zhao, WQ Rubinow, DR TI Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated derivative (DHEAS) regulate apoptosis during neurogenesis by triggering the Akt signaling pathway in opposing ways SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DHEA; DHEAS; neural precursor; Akt kinase; apoptosis ID PROTEIN-KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; NEURONAL SURVIVAL; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; INHIBITION; CULTURES; INSULIN; DEATH AB Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can function to protect neural precursors and their progeny targeted with toxic insults; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of DHEA are not understood. We cultured neural precursors from the embryonic forebrain of rats and examined the effects of DHEA and its sulfated derivative (DHEAS) on the activation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, which is widely implicated in cell survival signaling. We found that DHEA activated Akt in neural precursor culture, in association with a decrease in apoptosis. In contrast, DHEAS decreased activated Akt levels and increased apoptosis. The effects of DHEA on neural cell survival and activation of Akt were not blocked by the steroid hormone antagonists flutamide and tamoxifen, but both were blocked by a PI3-K inhibitor, LY294002. These findings suggest that during neurogenesis in the developing cortex, DHEA and DHEAS regulate the survival of neural precursors and progeny through the Akt signaling pathway. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Behav Endocrinol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Neurophysiol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Adapt Syst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Behav Endocrinol Branch, Bldg 36 Rm 2C02, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 66 AR PII S0169-328X(01)00315-1 DI 10.1016/S0169-328X(01)00315-1 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 522ZM UT WOS:000173926900006 ER PT J AU Johnston, K AF Johnston, K TI The measurement of time: Time, frequency and the atomic clock SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Observ, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Johnston, K (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6871 BP 476 EP 477 DI 10.1038/415476b PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 516PQ UT WOS:000173564300023 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Papantonakis, MR Horwitz, JS Haglund, RF Toftmann, B McGill, RA Chrisey, DB AF Bubb, DM Papantonakis, MR Horwitz, JS Haglund, RF Toftmann, B McGill, RA Chrisey, DB TI Vapor deposition of polystyrene thin films by intense laser vibrational excitation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; ABLATION AB Polystyrene films were deposited using resonant infrared pulsed laser depositions (RIR-PLD). Thin films were grown on Si(1 1 1) wafers and NaCl substrates and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The depositions were carried out in vacuum (10(-4)-10(-5) Torr) at wavelengths 3.28, 3.30, 3.42 and 3.48 mum which are resonant with CH2 stretching modes in the polymer. We also attempted to deposit a films using non-resonant infrared (RIR) excitation (2.90 mum). At this wavelength no films were deposited, and evidence for laser-induced damage to the target can be seen. RIR-PLD is a fundamentally new approach to polymer thin film growth as the absorption of radiation resonant with vibrational modes allow the energy to be deposited into the polymer and transfers between macromolecules in such a way as to promote efficient, non-destructive desorption into the gas phase. (C) 21002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Elect Laser Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2002 VL 352 IS 3-4 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01423-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 517NZ UT WOS:000173618000001 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZY Olson, D Xu, HS Xia, F Hundal, JS Zhang, QM Bateman, FB Kavarnos, GJ Ramotowski, T AF Cheng, ZY Olson, D Xu, HS Xia, F Hundal, JS Zhang, QM Bateman, FB Kavarnos, GJ Ramotowski, T TI Structural changes and transitional behavior studied from both micro- and macroscale in the high-energy electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMERS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLINE FORMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FILMS; RADIATION; FLUOROPOLYMERS; POLARIZATION; FIELD AB The microstructural changes in high-energy electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) 68/32 mol % copolymer have been studied by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The macroscopic polarization response in these materials was investigated by examining the dielectric and polarization behavior in a broad temperature and frequency range. It was found that besides reducing crystallinity in the copolymer film, irradiation produces significant changes in the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition behavior. The irradiation leads to a reduction in the polar domain size to below a critical size (a few nanometers), resulting in the instability of the macroscopic ferroelectric state and transforming the structure of the crystalline region in the copolymer from a polar all-trans ferroelectric to a nonpolar state represented by a trans-gauche conformation. However, a reentrant polarization hysteresis was observed in the copolymers irradiated with higher doses (>75 Mrad). Therefore, there is an optimized dose that generates a copolymer with a nonpolar structure but relatively high crystallinity whose electromechanical performance is the best. In the copolymers in this optimum dose range, FT-IR data revealed that there is not much change in the molecular conformation with temperature, even as the temperature passes through the dielectric peak, indicating that there is no symmetry breaking in both the macroscale and local level. Although the lattice spacing of the crystalline region along the molecular chain direction discontinuously changes between two special cases, the interchain spacing continuously changes with the irradiation dose, reflecting a strong intrachain coupling between the nonpolar and polar regions. On the other hand, the X-ray data reveal that the crystalline size perpendicular to the polymer chain does not change with irradiation until at doses exceeding 85 Mrad. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cheng, ZY (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM zxc7@psu.edu RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008 OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 29 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 664 EP 672 DI 10.1021/ma0112265 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 515CQ UT WOS:000173478200015 ER PT J AU Carucci, DJ AF Carucci, DJ TI Technologies for the study of gene and protein expression in Plasmodium SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; genomics; functional genomics; DNA microarrays; proteomics ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FALCIPARUM; SEQUENCE; MALARIA; GENOME AB With the imminent completion of the genome sequences of several species of Plasmodium, attention is now turning to the exploitation of these genomic sequence data for vaccine, drug and diagnostic development. Several technologies have been developed over the past decade to assist in the determination of gene and protein expression on a global scale. Of these, DNA microarrays, novel high-throughput proteomic technologies and recombinational cloning technologies are lowering the barrier to functional genomic studies in Plasmodium. Of equal importance is the capacity to manipulate, store, retrieve and analyse the tremendous quantity of data generated from these genomic studies. This paper will address the use of these technologies as well as some of the computational tools that will be ultimately required to adequately study gene and protein expression in Plasmodium. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carucci, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM caruccid@nmrc.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 29 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 1417 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1098/rstb.2001.1009 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 521XW UT WOS:000173867500003 PM 11839177 ER PT J AU Heinemann, MG Larraza, A Smith, KB AF Heinemann, MG Larraza, A Smith, KB TI Acoustic communications in an enclosure using single-channel time-reversal acoustics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONJUGATION AB This letter presents experimental results of a scheme for encrypted acoustic communication in the reverberant environment of an enclosure using single-channel time-reversal acoustics. Because time-reversal acoustics in an enclosure can focus a signal within a half wavelength of sound, it possesses natural encryption for points other than the intended receiver. In this way, distinct multiple messages can be sent simultaneously from one source to different locations in the enclosure. The communication scheme is based on multiple broadband signals with identical bandwidth and windowed source spectra. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Larraza, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 694 EP 696 DI 10.1063/1.1445479 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 515RE UT WOS:000173508900054 ER PT J AU Pique, A Wu, P Ringeisen, BR Bubb, DM Melinger, JS McGill, RA Chrisey, DB AF Pique, A Wu, P Ringeisen, BR Bubb, DM Melinger, JS McGill, RA Chrisey, DB TI Processing of functional polymers and organic thin films by the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation; thin films; non-linear optical organic materials; conductive polymers; proteins; protein micro-arrays ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; ABLATION; GROWTH; NM AB The matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique has been successfully used to deposit highly uniform thin films of various functional materials such as non-linear optical (NLO) organic materials, conductive polymers, luminescent organic molecules and several types of proteinaceous compounds, MAPLE is a laser evaporation technique for growing thin films of organic and polymeric materials which involves directing a pulsed laser beam (lambda = 193 nm: fluence 0.01-0.5 J cm(-2) ) onto a frozen target (-40 to -160 degreesC) consisting of a solute polymeric or organic compound dissolved in a solvent matrix. Using MAPLE, thin films of N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(L)-prolinol or NPR an NLO material; polypyrrole, a conductive polymer; and tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum or Alq3, a luminescent organic compound, have been separately deposited with minor ( in the case of Alq3) or no degradation (for the NPP and polypyrrole) to their optical and electrical properties. The MAPLE process has also been used to deposit discrete thin film micro-arrays of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (BSA). The deposited BSA films, after washing with a blocking protein and fluorescently tagged streptavidin, fluoresce when exposed to UV. This fluorescence indicates that the biochemical specificity of the transferred biotinylated protein is unaffected by the MAPLE process. These results demonstrate that the MAPLE technique can be used for growing thin films of functional polymer and active biomaterials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 408 EP 415 AR PII S0169-4332(01000704-8 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00704-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 536ZQ UT WOS:000174732100073 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC AF Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC TI Bragg scattering of random surface gravity waves by irregular seabed topography SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-WAVES; RESONANT REFLECTION; VARYING TOPOGRAPHY; BOTTOM; REGIONS; BARS; BED; LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; CHANNEL AB The Bragg scattering of random, non-stationary surface gravity waves by random topography on a gently sloping bottom is investigated. A correction is given of previously published expressions for the triad wave-wave-bottom interaction source term in the spectral energy balance equation, and the result is reconciled with deterministic theories for the reflection of waves from sinusoidal seabed undulations. For both normal and oblique incidence, the stochastic and deterministic theories are equivalent in the limit of long propagation distances. Even for relatively short distances (for example two bottom undulations), the reflected energy predicted by the stochastic source term formulation is generally within 15% of values predicted by deterministic theories. The detuning of Bragg resonance by refraction and shoaling is discussed, suggesting practical validity conditions for the stochastic theory. The effect of bottom scattering on swell propagation is illustrated with numerical model computations for the North Carolina continental shelf using high-resolution bathymetry and an efficient semi-implicit scheme to evaluate the bottom scattering source term and integrate the energy balance equation. Model results demonstrate the importance of forward scattering of waves that propagate at large oblique angles over bottom features with typical scales of one to several surface wavelengths. This process contributes significantly to the directional spread of swell on the continental shelf by diffusing energy, in the spectrum, around the mean wave direction. Back-scattering, caused by bottom features with crests parallel to those of the surface waves and wavelengths close to half the surface wavelength, is weak, owing to the sharp roll-off of the bottom elevation spectrum at high wavenumbers. Model predictions are consistent with field measurements. C1 Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29275 Brest, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, F-29275 Brest, France. RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 451 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1017/S0022112001006218 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 522HW UT WOS:000173891300001 ER PT J AU Park, YD Hanbicki, AT Erwin, SC Hellberg, CS Sullivan, JM Mattson, JE Ambrose, TF Wilson, A Spanos, G Jonker, BT AF Park, YD Hanbicki, AT Erwin, SC Hellberg, CS Sullivan, JM Mattson, JE Ambrose, TF Wilson, A Spanos, G Jonker, BT TI A group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor: MnxGe1-x SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; (GA,MN)AS; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; GAAS AB We report on the epitaxial growth of a group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor, MnxGe1-x, in which the Curie temperature is found to increase linearly with manganese (Mn) concentration from 25 to 116 kelvin. The p-type semiconducting character and hole-mediated exchange permit control of ferromagnetic order through application of a +/-0.5-volt gate voltage, a value compatible with present microelectronic technology. Total-energy calculations within density-functional theory show that the magnetically ordered phase arises from a tong-range ferromagnetic interaction that dominates a short-range antiferromagnetic interaction. Calculated spin interactions and percolation theory predict transition temperatures larger than measured, consistent with the observed suppression of magnetically active Mn atoms and hole concentration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 27 TC 703 Z9 715 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5555 BP 651 EP 654 DI 10.1126/science.1066348 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 516PD UT WOS:000173560900036 PM 11809964 ER PT J AU Fang, JY Soto, CM Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ratna, B AF Fang, JY Soto, CM Lin, TW Johnson, JE Ratna, B TI Complex pattern formation by cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Letter AB We report the formation of complex patterns by the drying of concentrated cowpea mosaic virus droplets on surfaces. The virus particles can self-organize into parallel and orthogonal lines, forming fingerlike patterns on freshly cleaved mica and crosslike patterns on acid-treated mica. Atomic force microscopy shows that the parallel and orthogonal lines have a uniform width and thickness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Fang, JY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 22 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 308 EP 310 DI 10.1021/la0112357 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 514DV UT WOS:000173423700002 ER PT J AU Nivens, DA Conrad, DW AF Nivens, DA Conrad, DW TI Photoactive poly(ethylene glycol) organosilane films for site-specific protein immobilization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILICON SURFACES; ADSORPTION; OXIDE); ELLIPSOMETRY; LAYERS; CHEMISTRY; COATINGS; SYSTEMS; ABILITY AB We describe the synthesis, characterization, and use of a new photoactive organosilane developed for the photoimmobilization of proteins. Thin films of 2-nitro-5-[11-(trimethoxysilyl)undecyl]oxybenzyl methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) propanoate are characterized using atomic force microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. When this organosilane is used to modify silicon substrates, the solvent used during deposition affects the surface concentration and morphology of the resultant film. Although films deposited from either aqueous buffer or anhydrous toluene can be used to attach proteins to surfaces, films deposited from aqueous buffer display 4-6 times less nonspecific protein adsorption that those deposited from toluene. Modification of surfaces with this type of photoactive and protein "rejecting" film should aid in the development of high-resolution protein microarrays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nivens, DA (reprint author), Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, 11935 Abercorn St, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 22 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1021/la0102307 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 514DV UT WOS:000173423700026 ER PT J AU Cruddace, RG Kowalski, MP Yentis, D Brown, CM Gursky, H Barstow, MA Bannister, NP Fraser, GW Spragg, JE Lapington, JS Tandy, JA Sanderson, B Culhane, JL Barbee, TW Kordas, JF Goldstein, W Fritz, GG AF Cruddace, RG Kowalski, MP Yentis, D Brown, CM Gursky, H Barstow, MA Bannister, NP Fraser, GW Spragg, JE Lapington, JS Tandy, JA Sanderson, B Culhane, JL Barbee, TW Kordas, JF Goldstein, W Fritz, GG TI High-resolution spectroscopy of G191-B2B in the extreme-ultraviolet SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; ISM : general; stars : individual (G191-B2B); white dwarfs ID DA WHITE-DWARFS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; FEIGE-24; ELEMENTS AB We report a high-resolution ( R = 3000-4000) spectroscopic observation of the DA white dwarf G191-B2B in the extreme-ultraviolet band 220-245 Angstrom. A low-density, ionized He component is clearly present along the line of sight, which if completely interstellar implies a He ionization fraction considerably higher than is typical of the local interstellar medium. However, some of this material may be associated with circumstellar gas, which has been detected by analysis of the C IV absorption-line doublet in a Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectrum. A stellar atmosphere model assuming a uniform element distribution yields a best fit to the data that includes a significant abundance of photospheric He. The 99% confidence contour for the fit parameters excludes solutions in which photospheric He is absent, but this result needs to be tested using models allowing abundance gradients. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Cruddace, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lapington, Jon/A-7669-2012 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 565 IS 1 BP L47 EP L50 DI 10.1086/339054 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 515QR UT WOS:000173507400012 ER PT J AU Sanders, BF Bradford, SF AF Sanders, BF Bradford, SF TI High-resolution, monotone solution of the adjoint shallow-water equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE shallow-water model; adjoint equation method; parameter identification; finite volume method ID CONTAMINANT RELEASES; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; CIRCULAR ISLAND; MODEL; SCHEMES; RUNUP; ASSIMILATION; SYSTEMS; RIVERS; FLOW AB A monotone, second-order accurate numerical scheme is presented for solving the differential form of the adjoint shallow-water equations in generalized two-dimensional coordinates. Fluctuation-splitting is utilized to achieve a high-resolution solution of the equations in primitive form. One-step and two-step schemes are presented and shown to achieve solutions of similarly high accuracy in one dimension. However, the two-step method is shown to yield more accurate solutions to problems in which unsteady wave speeds are present. In two dimensions, the two-step scheme is tested in the context of two parameter identification problems, and it is shown to accurately transmit the information needed to identify unknown forcing parameters based on measurements of the system response. The first problem involves the identification of an upstream flood hydrograph based on downstream depth measurements. The second problem involves the identification of a long wave state in the far-field based on near-field depth measurements. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bsanders@uci.edu RI Sanders, Brett/K-7153-2012 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 139 EP 161 DI 10.1002/fld.206 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 511LZ UT WOS:000173266500003 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PE Mercer, TW Chaney, JA AF Pehrsson, PE Mercer, TW Chaney, JA TI Thermal oxidation of the hydrogenated diamond (100) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); auger electron spectroscopy; low energy electron diffraction (LEED); oxidation; surface chemical reaction; diamond; oxygen; low index single crystal surfaces ID C(100) SURFACE; DESORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; RECONSTRUCTION; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN; HREELS; FILMS AB Hydrogenated single-crystal diamond (100) surfaces were exposed to dry O-2 under UHV conditions at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1000 degreesC. The surfaces were largely inert to O-2 at 850 < T-sub < 950 degreesC, but they reacted rapidly with 0, at higher temperatures. Thermal oxidation with unactivated molecular 02 occurred only after the surface hydrogen had desorbed, usually at about 950 degreesC but depended partially on the condition of the surface. Oxidation at T-sub > 950 degreesC generated an overlayer of graphitic sp(2) carbon on the diamond surface, as confirmed by low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy and C-KLL lineshape analysis, electron loss spectroscopy and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Relatively little surface oxygen (or hydrogen) remained after oxidation, probably due to thermal desorption. By comparison, the surfaces of unheated diamonds exposed to oxygen activated by a hot metal filament (O-2) were terminated with a full monolayer of oxygen in the form of ether or carbonyl groups, and had only a small amount of sp(2) carbon. Deuterium- and hydrogen-terminated surfaces behaved identically towards oxygen addition. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 497 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01677-6 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 519QP UT WOS:000173737200004 ER PT J AU Bond, DR Holmes, DE Tender, LM Lovley, DR AF Bond, DR Holmes, DE Tender, LM Lovley, DR TI Electrode-reducing microorganisms that harvest energy from marine sediments SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DESULFUROMONAS-ACETOXIDANS; FE(III) REDUCTION; GEN-NOV; OXIDATION; BACTERIUM; AQUIFER AB Energy in the form of electricity can be harvested from marine sediments by placing a graphite electrode (the anode) in the anoxic zone and connecting it to a graphite cathode in the overlying aerobic water. We report a specific enrichment of microorganisms of the family Geobacteraceae on energy-harvesting anodes, and we show that these microorganisms can conserve energy to support their growth by oxidizing organic compounds with an electrode serving as the sole electron acceptor. This finding not only provides a method for extracting energy from organic matter, but also suggests a strategy for promoting the bioremediation of organic contaminants in subsurface environments. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lovley, DR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. OI Bond, Daniel/0000-0001-8083-7107 NR 17 TC 692 Z9 776 U1 31 U2 363 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 18 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5554 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1126/science.1066771 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 512YG UT WOS:000173350700046 PM 11799240 ER PT J AU Parker, JK Garland, NL Nelson, HH AF Parker, JK Garland, NL Nelson, HH TI Kinetics of the reaction Al+SF6 in the temperature range 499-813 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS AB Rate constants as a function of temperature for the reaction Al + SF6 have been measured under pseudo-first-order conditions. Laser-induced fluorescence was used to monitor the relative concentrations of either the reactant Al or the primary product AlF. The measured rate constants are described by the expression k(T) = 6.8 (+/-2.2) x 10(-10) exp(-(4780 +/- 200 K)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over the range 499-813 K. Ab initio and density functional calculations at the MP2(FC) and BH&HLYP levels have been used to model the potential energy surface for this reaction. Calculated rate constants are in good agreement with experimental 9 observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, HH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 17 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 2 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1021/jp012895n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 513AN UT WOS:000173355900013 ER PT J AU Villinger, F Brice, GT Mayne, AE Bostik, P Mori, K June, CH Ansari, AA AF Villinger, F Brice, GT Mayne, AE Bostik, P Mori, K June, CH Ansari, AA TI Adoptive transfer of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) naive autologous CD4(+) cells to macaques chronically infected with SIV is sufficient to induce long-term nonprogressor status SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; TYPE-1 INFECTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; HIV-INFECTION; IN-VITRO; RESPONSES; AIDS AB Adoptive transfer of autologous preinfection-collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or activated CD4(+) T cells was performed in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239)-infected monkeys following short-term antiviral therapy with PMPA (9-R-[2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] adenine). Short-term chemotherapy alone led to a transient decrease in plasma and cellular proviral DNA loads and transient rescue of gag/pol and env cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (pCTLs). However, cessation of therapy allowed for SIV infection to resume its clinical course. PMPA chemotherapy coupled with infusions of either autologous pre-SIV infection-collected PBMCs or activated CD4(+) T cells led to extended control of plasma and cellular proviral DNA loads after infusion, in spite of the fact that the transfused cells were not primed against SIV. However, qualitatively different antiviral defenses were induced by infusion of unfractionated and unmanipulated PBMCs versus purified and activated CD4(+) T cells: PBMC infusions significantly favored development of SIVenv-specific pCTLs, neutralizing antibodies, and secretion of soluble noncytotoxic suppressor factors of SIV replication. In contrast, activated CD4(+) T cells predominantly promoted CTL responses to SIVgag/pol and SIVenv. In addition, infusion of influenza-primed activated CD4(+) T cells markedly enhanced Influenza-specific pCTL responses, whereas infusion of similarly Influenza-primed unfractionated PBMCs enhanced such pCTL responses only modestly, suggesting that the predominant Immune defect after SIV infection lies In the T helper cell compartment rather than the effector cell compartment. Thus, adoptive Immunotherapy with autologous "SIV naive" CD4(+) lymphocytes was sufficient to rescue cell-mediated immune responses and induce long-term anti-SIV control and Immune responses In the absence of continued antiviral chemotherapy. (Blood. 2002;99: 590-599) (C) 2002 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, NMRC, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tsukuba Primate Ctr Med Sci, AIDS Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Penn, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Villinger, F (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Winship Canc Inst, 1365B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU PHS HHS [1R01-27057] NR 48 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 2 BP 590 EP 599 DI 10.1182/blood.V99.2.590 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 510PF UT WOS:000173215900027 PM 11781243 ER PT J AU Kim, Y DiVenere, A Wong, GKL Ketterson, JB Cho, S Meyer, JR AF Kim, Y DiVenere, A Wong, GKL Ketterson, JB Cho, S Meyer, JR TI Structural and thermoelectric transport properties of Sb2Te3 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB We have studied the structural and transport properties of Sb2Te3 thin films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy as a function of the Te/Sb flux ratio during deposition. Both the crystallinity and the transport properties are found to be strongly affected by nonstoichiometry. The most stoichiometric sample (prepared with a Te/Sb ratio of 3.6) had a high degree of crystallinity, high thermopower, and high carrier mobility. However, Sb2Te3 films with excess Sb or Te had poorer crystallinity, reduced magnitude of the thermopower, and reduced mobility as a result of the formation of antisite defects. These antisite defects were able to be reduced by controlling the relative flow rate ratio of Te to Sb during growth. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009 NR 16 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 2 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1063/1.1424056 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 506NG UT WOS:000172978200024 ER PT J AU Maya, EM Snow, AW Buckley, LJ AF Maya, EM Snow, AW Buckley, LJ TI Oligodimethylsiloxane linked cyanate ester resins SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE-MOMENTS AB A series of dimethylsiloxane linked cyanate ester monomers (NCOC6H4(CH2)(3)(Si(CH3)(2)O)(n)Si(CH2)(3)C6H4OCN, n = 1, 2, 3) have been synthesized and characterized. Monomer melting points range from 5 to - 12 degreesC, and characterization includes H-1, C-13 NMR, and IR spectroscopies and DSC. Thermoset formation occurs by a cyclotrimerization of the cyanate group to a cyanurate structure. Cured resins are homogeneous rubbery castings with T-g ranging from 15 to -43 degreesC. Dielectric constants display little dependence on siloxane chain length but a strong dependence on frequency (2.5/15 GHz; 2.85/1 GHz). The corresponding loss tangent increases with siloxane chain length and displays a small frequency dependence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maya, EM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Maya, Eva Maria/0000-0001-9522-0134 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1021/ma011158m PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 510WE UT WOS:000173229600022 ER PT J AU Harbold, JM Ilday, FO Wise, FW Sanghera, JS Nguyen, VQ Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID AF Harbold, JM Ilday, FO Wise, FW Sanghera, JS Nguyen, VQ Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID TI Highly nonlinear As-S-Se glasses for all-optical switching SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; ABSORPTION; REFRACTION AB We have synthesized a series of chalcogenide glasses from the As-S-Se system that is designed to have strong nonlinearities. Measurements reveal that many of these glasses offer optical Kerr nonlinearities greater than 400 times that of fused silica at 1.25 and 1.55 mum and figures of merit for all-optical switching greater than 5 at 1.55 mum. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harbold, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Ilday, Fatih/J-2466-2013 OI Ilday, Fatih/0000-0002-9057-5371 NR 12 TC 240 Z9 242 U1 4 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000119 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 511MX UT WOS:000173268700015 PM 18007731 ER PT J AU Merzbacher, CI AF Merzbacher, CI TI Materials that emit light by chemical reaction SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pyrophoric material; air sensitive material; air reactive material; spontaneous emission; ball lightning ID METAL POWDERS; AEROGELS AB Many chemical reactions are associated with the emission of electromagnetic radiation in the form of heat and/or light. This paper reviews the categories of materials that produce visible light when they react, either spontaneously upon contact with air or upon ignition, as well as the processes by which such materials are synthesized. Emphasis is placed on compositions and processes that relate most closely with those found in nature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Merzbacher, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 1004,4555 Overlock Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 1790 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1098/rsta.2001.0920 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 515TK UT WOS:000173512600006 PM 16210172 ER PT J AU Murata, H Kafafi, ZH Uchida, M AF Murata, H Kafafi, ZH Uchida, M TI Efficient organic light-emitting diodes with undoped active layers based on silole derivatives SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; INJECTION; MOBILITY AB We report on efficient molecular organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) composed of novel silole derivatives as an electron transporting layer and an emissive layer. The silole derivative, 2,5-bis(2('),2(')-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene, used for the electron transport layer exhibits fast electron mobility of 2x10(-4) cm(2)/V s at 0.64 MV/cm measured by the time-of-flight technique. Another silole derivative, 1,2-bis(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl silacyclopentadienyl)ethane, used for an emissive layer exhibits blue-green fluorescence with an absolute quantum yield of 97+/-3% in the solid state. The devices using silole derivatives show a very low operating voltage, an external electroluminescence quantum efficiency (eta(EL)) of 4.8 %, and luminous power efficiency of 9 lm/W at a brightness of 100 cd/m(2). This value of eta(EL) is the best efficiency achieved for MOLED using undoped emissive and carrier transport layers and is close to the theoretical limit for a device using a fluorescent emitter. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Chisso Corp, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Murata, H (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Ctr Elect Mat & Devices, London SW7 2AY, England. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 22 TC 160 Z9 165 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 2 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1063/1.1432109 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 509NL UT WOS:000173153800009 ER PT J AU Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR AF Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR TI Dynamical effects on the photo-detachment spectra of Li-4(-) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CLUSTERS; APPROXIMATION AB It is shown that the observed sharp peaks in the photodetachment spectra of Li-4(-) can be understood by including the effect of cluster dynamics, Theoretical electronic structure studies show that Li-4(-) is marked by doublet rhombus and quartet distorted tetrahedral isomers. By including dynamical effects within a classical picture, it is shown that the observed spectrum can be explained in terms of transitions from rhombus ground state to the singlet neutral configurations. A vibrational analysis is used to identify the modes leading to the observed peaks. Our studies underscore the importance of dynamical effects on the photodetachment spectra. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23112 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, POB 842000, Richmond, VA 23112 USA. EM khanna@hsc.vcu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2002 VL 351 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01383-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 512NN UT WOS:000173330600019 ER PT J AU Sichel, M Tonello, NA Oran, ES Jones, DA AF Sichel, M Tonello, NA Oran, ES Jones, DA TI A two-step kinetics model for numerical simulation of explosions and detonations in H-2-O-2 mixtures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE detonations; two-step H-2-O-2 kinetics; H-2-O-2 detonation diffraction; numerical simulation of detonations; H-2-O-2 induction-time models; explosions ID CELLULAR STRUCTURE; TRANSMISSION; REIGNITION; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; SHOCKS; FLOWS AB A two-step chemical model for use in the numerical simulation of detonation phenomena in undiluted H-2-O-2 mixtures is developed in this paper. The use of an induction-time parameter is examined, and its underlying assumptions are discussed. Various previously developed approximations for the induction time are compared with the results of numerical calculations using a detailed reaction mechanism, and on this basis, a new, more-accurate approximation is proposed. The heat-releasing reactions at the end of the induction period are replaced by a suitably calibrated chemical-transformation process. The results obtained using this approach in one-dimensional unsteady detonation calculations agree well with theoretical predictions for Chapman-Jouguet detonations once the steady state has been attained. When the new model was applied to the diffraction of a detonation at the exit of a detonation tube, excellent agreement between simulation and experiment was obtained. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Computat Dynam Ltd, London W6 7NY, England. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DSTO, Aeronaut & Maritime Res Lab, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Sichel, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sichel@srvr5.engin.umich.edu; oran@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 8 PY 2002 VL 458 IS 2017 BP 49 EP 82 PG 34 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 513TZ UT WOS:000173396600004 ER PT J AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, J AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, J TI Integrally gated carbon nanotube-on-post field emitter arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; EMISSION AB Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were grown using chemical vapor deposition on the tops of blunt vertical silicon posts in cells having a horizontal gate aperture of conventional field emitter design. We obtained over 1 mA total emission current from a single array, or 0.3 muA per cell at 40 V. In addition to the low voltage operation, the most distinctive differences from conventional field emitter arrays include their stability and the lack of catastrophic arcing without any special sample preparation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 118 EP 120 DI 10.1063/1.1428775 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 507LB UT WOS:000173029000040 ER PT J AU Cheah, CW Karunasiri, G Tan, LS Zhou, LF AF Cheah, CW Karunasiri, G Tan, LS Zhou, LF TI Responsivities of n-type GaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs step multiple-quantum-well infrared detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS AB The responsivities of bound-to-bound transitions in an n-type Al0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs/In0.15Ga0.85As multiple-quantum-well infrared photodetector had been measured, using both the 45 degrees facet edge coupling scheme as well as direct back side illumination. It was found that the transverse electric (TE) mode responsivity was slightly redshifted in the 9 mum spectral region, and its magnitude was about 1%, with respect to the mixed TE and transverse magnetic (TM) mode infrared radiation, when direct back side illumination was employed. These observations were in good agreement with theoretical calculations using a 14-band k.p model. The much larger TE response observed when the 45 degrees facet edge coupling scheme was employed was probably due to mesa edge scattering. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Optoelect, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eletanls@nus.edu.sg NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 145 EP 147 DI 10.1063/1.1431395 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 507LB UT WOS:000173029000049 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Schoen, PE AF Chiou, BS Schoen, PE TI Effects of crosslinking on thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyurethane; glass-transition temperature; crosslink density ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; HYDROXYL-TERMINATED POLYBUTADIENE; CROSS-LINKING; NETWORK PARAMETERS; ELASTOMERS; POLYMERS; COATINGS; SYSTEMS; DENSITY; POLYOL AB The effects of chemical crosslinking on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of a polyurethane system were examined. The polyurethanes were prepared from poly(propylene glycol), a diol; trimethylolpropane propoxylate, a triol; and poly(propylene glycol), tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate terminated, a diisocyanate monomer. The crosslink density was controlled by varying the triol concentration from 10 to 70 mol % and the isocyanate-to-hydroxyl (NCO/OH) ratio from 1.0 to 1.3. All the samples had one glass-transition temperature and no crystalline regions. In addition, there were larger increases in glass-transition temperature over the range of triol concentrations studied than over the range of NCO/OH ratios studied. For all samples, the Dibenedetto equation relating glass-transition temperature to extent of crosslinking fit the data very well. Also, samples with higher crosslink densities had much larger elastic moduli for temperatures above the glass-transition temperature. By assuming the system was a phantom network, approximate crosslink densities for stoichiometric samples were obtained from the dynamic mechanical data and these agreed fairly well with theoretical predictions. (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 83 IS 1 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1002/app.10056 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 491JF UT WOS:000172104700026 ER PT J AU Rodina, AV Efros, AL Rosen, M Meyer, BK AF Rodina, AV Efros, AL Rosen, M Meyer, BK TI Theory of the Zeeman effect in semiconductor nanocrystals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EMRS Spring Meeting CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP EMRS DE nanocrystals; g-factor; Zeeman effect; quantum confinement; surface effect ID ELECTRON G-FACTOR; QUANTUM DOTS; WELLS AB We study quantum confinement and surface effects on the linear Zeeman splitting of the electron quantum size energy levels in spherical semiconductor nanocrystals and spherical layered semiconductor heterostructures. We find that heterostructure interfaces and nanocrystal surfaces directly affect the values of the electron Lande factors. We calculate the size dependence of the electron effective g-values in bare CdSe and ZnO nanocrystals using different choices of boundary conditions (130 for the envelope functions at the surface using 8 X 8 and 14 X 14 Kane models, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Rodina, AV (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(01)00440-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 508GQ UT WOS:000173080700085 ER PT B AU Nuss, WA Miller, DK AF Nuss, WA Miller, DK GP AMS AMS AMS TI Landfalling cyclone forecast sensitivity to varying data assimilation methods in a mesoscale model. SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PARK CITY, UT SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR Nu,589 Dyer Rd,Root Hall 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 284 EP 286 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX35S UT WOS:000185048700083 ER PT B AU Doyle, JD Smith, RB AF Doyle, JD Smith, RB GP AMS AMS AMS TI Mountain waves over the Hohe Tauern SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PARK CITY, UT SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program ID LEE WAVES C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 378 EP 379 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX35S UT WOS:000185048700110 ER PT B AU Miller, DK Walters, DL AF Miller, DK Walters, DL GP AMS AMS AMS TI Diagnoses and numerical simulations of turbulence in the vicinity of coastal topography SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PARK CITY, UT SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program ID CLOSURE-MODEL C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, DK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 382 EP 385 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX35S UT WOS:000185048700112 ER PT B AU Lindeman, J Mobbs, S Vosper, S AF Lindeman, J Mobbs, S Vosper, S GP AMS AMS AMS TI Modeling turbulent airflow in mountainous regions SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Mountain Meteorology CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PARK CITY, UT SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Mesoscale Alpine Program C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Lindeman, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 390 EP 391 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX35S UT WOS:000185048700114 ER PT B AU Geer, IW Smith, DR Moran, JM Weinbeck, RS Hopkins, EJ AF Geer, IW Smith, DR Moran, JM Weinbeck, RS Hopkins, EJ GP AMS AMS TI Water in the Earth System (WES): Moving toward national implementation SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Education CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572 m Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55C UT WOS:000179335400030 ER PT B AU Smith, DR Geer, IW McManus, DE AF Smith, DR Geer, IW McManus, DE GP AMS AMS TI The Maury Project: A partnership to promote educational outreach on the physical foundations of oceanography SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Education CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55C UT WOS:000179335400038 ER PT B AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE TI The effect of discrete power levels on energy-efficient wireless broadcast in ad hoc networks SO 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOL 1-5, PROCEEDINGS: SAILING THE WAVES OF THE WIRELESS OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications CY SEP 15-18, 2002 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP IEEE, Siemens, Ericsson, Lucent Technol, Inst Superior Tecnico, it, EIC, IEE, IEEE Commun Soc DE wireless broadcast; energy-efficient distributed algorithm; ad hoc network ID DISTRIBUTED ALGORITHM AB In this paper, we take initial steps toward developing energy-efficient broadcast algorithms for ad hoc wireless networks that operate under changing connectivity conditions. Such algorithms need to be distributed. And to be distributed these algorithms need to probe neighboring nodes to determine possible connectivities at different power levels. We proceed toward this goal by revisiting and modifying previously obtained broadcast algorithms that were centralized and in which the exact levels of minimally necessary RF power to reach neighboring nodes could be determined. Instead, we now constrain RF power to take values from a finite discrete set, and evaluate the impact on algorithm performance. We then discuss further modifications for distributed operation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7589-0 PY 2002 BP 1655 EP 1659 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV91F UT WOS:000180377800331 ER PT B AU Michael, JB Bossuyt, BJ Snyder, BB AF Michael, JB Bossuyt, BJ Snyder, BB GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Metrics for measuring the effectiveness of software-testing tools SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering CY NOV 12-15, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Software Engn, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IBM, Microsoft Res, Cigital ID OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN; SUITE AB The levels of quality, maintainability, testability, and stability of software can be improved and measured through the use of automated testing tools throughout the software development process. Automated testing tools assist software engineers to gauge the quality of software by automating the mechanical aspects of the software-testing task Automated testing tools vary in their underlying approach, quality, and ease-of-use, among other characteristics. In this paper we propose a suite of objective metrics for measuring tool characteristics, as an aid in systematically evaluating and selecting automated testing tools. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1763-3 PY 2002 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1109/ISSRE.2002.1173225 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV66S UT WOS:000179705100010 ER PT B AU Kamel, MN Lutman, TL AF Kamel, MN Lutman, TL BE Tjoa, AM Wagner, RR TI The Defense Manpower Data Center Pay Data Warehouse: Development and lessons learned SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2002) CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL AIX PROVENCE, FRANCE AB This paper describes the analysis, design, and initial implementation of a data warehouse that reports on DoD military, and civilian personnel and pay data for the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC). Using database technologies, Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools, and Query and Reporting Tools, a Pay Data Warehouse was designed and slated for implementation and integration with an already existing Personnel Data Warehouse. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Kamel, MN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1668-8 PY 2002 BP 810 EP 814 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BV23Q UT WOS:000178285600130 ER PT B AU Honnette, HL Smith, DR AF Honnette, HL Smith, DR GP AMS AMS TI A comparison of the weather in US cities during the 1982-83 and 1997-98 El Nino's SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV58M UT WOS:000179447900044 ER PT S AU Tracy, J Chang, LW Moskowitz, IS AF Tracy, J Chang, LW Moskowitz, IS GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An agent-based approach to inference prevention in distributed database systems SO 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 04-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc, Informat Technol Res Inst, Wright State Univ AB We propose an inference prevention agent as a tool that enables each of the databases in a distributed system to keep track of probabilistic dependencies with other databases and then use that information to help preserve the confidentiality of sensitive data. This is accomplished with minimal sacrifice of the performance and survivability gains that are associated with distributed database systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tracy, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Mail Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 0-7695-1849-4 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2002 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1109/TAI.2002.1180833 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV67T UT WOS:000179731800053 ER PT B AU Teixeira, J Cheinet, S AF Teixeira, J Cheinet, S GP AMS AMS TI Eddy-diffusivity and convective boundary layers: A new mixing length formulation SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID SIMULATIONS; MODELS C1 USN, Res Lab, UCAR, VSP, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, UCAR, VSP, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700016 ER PT B AU Wang, Q Rosenberg, DL Wang, SP AF Wang, Q Rosenberg, DL Wang, SP GP AMS AMS TI Understanding the processes of stratocumulus break-up in the coastal region SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID DIURNAL-VARIATION C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700024 ER PT B AU Kalogiros, J Wang, Q AF Kalogiros, J Wang, Q GP AMS AMS TI Observations of stratocumulus entrainment in the coastal zone SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID INSTABILITY; AIRCRAFT C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700059 ER PT B AU Whisenhant, MK Wang, Q Wang, SP Doyle, JD AF Whisenhant, MK Wang, Q Wang, SP Doyle, JD GP AMS AMS TI Turbulence parameterizations and scale dependence of turbulent statistics SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID MODEL C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Whisenhant, MK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700154 ER PT B AU Wang, SP Wang, Q Doyle, J AF Wang, SP Wang, Q Doyle, J GP AMS AMS TI Some improvements to Louis surface flux parameterization SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual C1 NRL, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), NRL, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 547 EP 550 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700155 ER PT B AU Wang, Q Gao, ZQ Wang, SP AF Wang, Q Gao, ZQ Wang, SP GP AMS AMS TI Intercomparison of three sea surface roughness schemes using buoy data SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID OCEAN C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700156 ER PT B AU Rados, K Wang, Q Kalogiros, J Wang, SP Khelif, D Friehe, C AF Rados, K Wang, Q Kalogiros, J Wang, SP Khelif, D Friehe, C GP AMS AMS TI Evaluation of marine boundary layer parameterizations in COAMPS using the JES experiment data set SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID MODEL C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 632 EP 635 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700181 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Fan, CW GP AMS AMS TI Determination of model valid prediction period using the backward Fokker-Planck equation SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID GENERALIZED STABILITY THEORY; ERROR GROWTH; PREDICTABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; OPERATORS C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics GA BV55E UT WOS:000179335800014 ER PT S AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, PM BE Kasturi, R Laurendeau, D Suen, C TI The chain-rule processor: Optimal classification through signal processing SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) CY AUG 11-15, 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Canadian Image Processing & Pattern Recognit Soc, Ctr Rech Informat Montreal, Matrox Imaging, Ind & Commerce Quebec, Rech, Sci & Technol Quebec, Microsoft Res, Bell, Lab Vis & Syst Numer, Comp Vis & Syst Lab, Ctr Pattern Recognit & Machine Intelligence, Ctr Etudes Reconnaissance Formes & Intelligence Artificielle, Scribers, Coreco Imaging, Precarn AB The chain-rule processor is a method of constructing an optimal Bayes classifier from a bank of processors. Each processor is a feature extractor designed to separate the given class from a class-dependent reference hypothesis, thereby avoiding the curse of dimensionality. This work builds upon prior work in optimal classifier design using class-specific features. The chain-rule processor is an improvement that recursively applies the PDF projection theorem. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 0-7695-1695-X J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2002 BP 230 EP 234 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV11L UT WOS:000177847900057 ER PT B AU Campbell, A Buchner, S Petersen, E Blake, B Mazur, J Dyer, C AF Campbell, A Buchner, S Petersen, E Blake, B Mazur, J Dyer, C GP IEEE IEEE TI SEU measurements and predictions on MPTB for a large energetic solar particle event SO 2001 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab, RADECS Assoc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID MULTIPLE-BIT UPSETS; RADIATION ENVIRONMENT; CROSS-SECTION; SINGLE; SPACE; MICROELECTRONICS; MEMORIES; BOARD; DRAMS; CODE AB SEU ground testing and rate calculations have been performed for 16 Mbit DRAMs flown on MPTB using measured particle spectra and compared with space data from a period of high solar activity. The results show that with the measured spectra, the measurements agree quite well with the calculations. Using just modeled environments, the results do not agree as well. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campbell, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7313-8 PY 2002 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1109/RADECS.2001.1159254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BV99V UT WOS:000180627900006 ER PT B AU McMorrow, D Boos, JB Park, D Buchner, S Knudson, AR Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, D Boos, JB Park, D Buchner, S Knudson, AR Melinger, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Charge-collection dynamics of InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) SO 2001 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab, RADECS Assoc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; FETS AB Time resolved charge-collection measurements are performed on InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs with pulsed laser excitation as a function of device bias conditions and the incident laser pulse energy. The results provide clear evidence for the presence of charge-enhancement processes that, in many ways, are analogous to those observed previously for GaAs FET technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7313-8 PY 2002 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1109/RADECS.2001.1159270 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BV99V UT WOS:000180627900021 ER PT B AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D Sternberg, A Massengill, L Pease, RL Maher, M AF Buchner, S McMorrow, D Sternberg, A Massengill, L Pease, RL Maher, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Single-event transient (SET) characterization of a LM119 voltage comparator: An approach to SET model validation using a pulsed laser SO 2001 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab, RADECS Assoc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS AB The characteristics of single-event transients generated in a LM119 voltage comparator with a pulsed laser have been studied under a wide variety of operating conditions. Those transients can be compared with transients obtained from circuit simulator programs to validate the model parameters used by those programs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7313-8 PY 2002 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1109/RADECS.2001.1159318 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BV99V UT WOS:000180627900068 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Classification performance of various real-life data sets when the features are discretized SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: E-SYSTEMS AND E-MAN FOR CYBERNETICS IN CYBERSPACE SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE, Raytheon DE noninformative prior; feature selection; UCI repository ID NEURAL NETWORKS AB The Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is applied to a collection of thirty real-life data sets primarily found at the University of California at Irvine's Repository of Machine Learning databases. The algorithm works by finding the best performing quantization complexity of the feature vectors, and this makes it necessary to discretize all continuous valued features. Therefore, results are given by showing the initial quantization of the continuous valued features that yields best performance. Further, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is also compared to a conventional linear classifier, which does not discretize any feature values. In general, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm outperforms the linear classifier by obtaining a lower probability of error, as averaged over all thirty data sets. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7087-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2002 BP 753 EP 758 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92K UT WOS:000177404200129 ER PT S AU Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA BE Seibert, JA TI Three-Compton telescope: Theory, simulations, and performance SO 2001 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORDS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc AB The advent of highly segmented gamma ray detectors with good energy resolution has made a new class of gamma ray detectors possible. These instruments record the positions and energies of each individual gamma-ray interaction with high precision. Analysis of the individual interactions can provide energy and directional information, even for events with only partial energy deposition. Advantages over traditional gamma ray detectors include enhanced efficiency, background rejection, gamma ray imaging, and sensitivity to polarization. Consider those gamma rays that interact three or more times in the detector. The energy of the gamma ray that initiated one of these events is uniquely determined by measuring the energies of the first two interactions, and the scatter angle of the second interaction. The precision of this measurement is limited by the energy and position resolution of the detector, but also from Doppler broadening that results from the scattering off of bound electrons in the detector. It is also essential to correctly sequence the first three interactions. The importance of Doppler broadening is greater in higher Z-materials, thus silicon becomes a good choice for the detector material. We discuss performance and simulations of the multiple Compton telescope. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kroeger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7324-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2002 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV30L UT WOS:000178495800015 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD AF Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD BE Seibert, JA TI Development of thick intrinsic silicon detectors for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection SO 2001 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORDS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc ID COMPTON AB We are developing thick intrinsic silicon detectors for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection. The goal is to manufacture detectors with good spectroscopy and imaging capabilities without the need for cryogenics. Our current baseline design is a double-sided silicon strip detector with an active area of similar to60 mm x 60 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. To demonstrate the feasibility of 2 mm thick intrinsic detectors, we tested a 2 mm thick single pixel detector. An energy resolution of 1 keV FWHM at 60 keV was achieved at an operating temperature of -65C. The detector was fully depleted at similar to 800 V. We present the detailed results of tests on the pixel detector, the design of our double sided detector, and the conceptual design of hard X-ray and gamma ray instruments that use these detectors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7324-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2002 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV30L UT WOS:000178495800046 ER PT S AU Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF AF Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF BE Seibert, JA TI Coincident Compton nuclear medical imager SO 2001 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORDS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc ID COLLIMATED GAMMA-CAMERA; DETECTORS AB A novel method is proposed for nuclear medical imaging. A high resolution Compton imager with large solid angle and high efficiency is used to detect multiple gamma rays from selected radionuclide decays. The direction cone of each gamma ray is re-constructed from the multiple Compton interactions in the detector array. The intersection of three Compton direction cones defines a limited number of positions, often a unique location within the region of interest, for each decay. For positron decay radionuclides that are accompanied by a coincident gamma ray (e.g. O-14) the location is determined from the intersection of the 511 keV interaction sites and the Compton (Erection cone of the third gamma ray. This technique has the advantages of 3-dimensional imaging with lower doses, and comparable or improved resolution compared to standard SPECT and PET techniques. The technique will be described, along with a discussion of alternative detectors configurations. Results of simulations showing the capability of this technique are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7324-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2002 BP 1166 EP 1170 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009757 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV30L UT WOS:000178495800253 ER PT B AU Wardlaw, MJ Wilson, TL AF Wardlaw, MJ Wilson, TL BE Pierson, E Jackson, WD TI Integration of high energy laser weapons systems aboard all-electric ships SO 2002 37TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (IECEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) CY JUL 29-31, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, AIAA, ASME, ANS, AIChe, SAE C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Technol & Photon Syst Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wardlaw, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Technol & Photon Syst Branch, T44, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7296-4 PY 2002 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBC67 UT WOS:000224865700014 ER PT B AU Brown, MA AF Brown, MA BE Pierson, E Jackson, WD TI Electric bicycle transportation system SO 2002 37TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (IECEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) CY JUL 29-31, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, AIAA, ASME, ANS, AIChe, SAE AB Bicycles offer extremely efficient, pollution-free transportation for urban and suburban areas, and the addition of electric drive eliminates the sweat, extends the range and helps older riders. However, we must recognize the problems that restrict ridership to a hardy few. For the rider, these include danger from autos, stop and go driving on streets not designed and maintained for skinny tires, and bad weather. And for the local government, bike lanes take up valuable space without providing revenue. Presented here is a concept of an elevated, enclosed bicycle transportation system that would enable the electric bicycle to become an acceptable form of transportation for the general public, and put a major dent in pollution and dependence on foreign oil. The cost of constructing a basic system is presented, along with the cost of climate control of an operating system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7296-4 PY 2002 BP 737 EP 739 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBC67 UT WOS:000224865700151 ER PT B AU Pieper, R Michael, S Reeves, D AF Pieper, R Michael, S Reeves, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Comparison of analytic and numerical models with commercially available simulation tools for the prediction of semiconductor freeze-out and exhaustion SO 2002 45TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL I, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2002) CY AUG 04-07, 2002 CL TULSA, OK SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc, Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn AB Currently, commercial software packages, such as available through Silvaco International[ I], are well designed to solve the electron/hole transport problem. This type of calculation is usually required to predict the device IV characteristic. Surprisingly, using the same package, to obtain a temperature dependent plot for majority carrier concentration for a uniform semiconductor requires a somewhat complicated procedure[2]. Our paper will present an efficient novel way of obtaining this curve from the Silvaco International software and compare the results with a proposed one dimensional single-equation analytic model and a numerical model that predict the temperature dependence for majority concentration in all regimes [3][4]. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7523-8 PY 2002 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW25J UT WOS:000181336700011 ER PT B AU Scholnik, DP AF Scholnik, DP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A parallel digital architecture for delta-sigma modulation SO 2002 45TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL I, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2002) CY AUG 04-07, 2002 CL TULSA, OK SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc, Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn ID CONVERTERS AB A major drawback of delta-sigma modulation is the high oversampling ratios required, especially for single-bit quantization. Accordingly, much of the research in the area has focused on lowering the sampling rate through various parallelization approaches. However, this research has been overwhelmingly concentrated on continuous and discrete-time analog modulator implementations for A/D converters, and not on reducing the critical path in a digital implementation for D/A conversion. In this paper the popular time-interleaved modulator is paired with a vector quantizer implementation of a finite-length modulator to form a parallel implementation of a delta-sigma DAC with a reduced critical path. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7523-8 PY 2002 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW25J UT WOS:000181336700090 ER PT B AU Michael, S Michalopoulos, P AF Michael, S Michalopoulos, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Application of the SILVACO/ATLAS software package in modeling and optimization of state-of-the-art photovoltaic devices SO 2002 45TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2002) CY AUG 04-07, 2002 CL TULSA, OK SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc, Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn AB In this paper a new method for developing a realistic model of any type of solar cell is presented. Taking into account the high cost of research and experimentation involved with the development of advanced cells, we present here this novel methodology. In our opinion, the introduction of this modeling technique to the Photovoltaic community will prove to be of great importance in aiding the design and developing of advanced solar cells. A model of an InGaP/GaAs multi-junction solar cell is prepared and is fully simulated. The major stages of the process are explained and the simulation results are compared to published experimental data. The flexibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated and example results are shown throughout the whole process. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM michael@nps.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2002 BP 651 EP 654 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW25K UT WOS:000181336800165 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI A double binary-tree fir-filter form and the corresponding low-sensitivity IIR bandpass/bandstop structure SO 2002 45TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL III, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2002) CY AUG 04-07, 2002 CL TULSA, OK SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc, Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn AB An FIR filter comprising back-to-back binary trees, each using multiple-sample delay blocks, offers advantages (1) for rate-changing filters, (2) when block delays are especially hardware efficient, and (3) when replacing block delays with all-pass sections to create an IIR filter. In the latter case, the peak group delays of the allpass sections approximate the several distinct delays of the blocks replaced. With allpass sections fixed, the combining weights are easily optimized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2002 BP 477 EP 480 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW27H UT WOS:000181396200122 ER PT B AU Reinecke, TL AF Reinecke, TL GP IEEE IEEE TI Three dimensionally confined photon systems SO 2002 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Topical Meeting of the Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY JUL 15-17, 2002 CL MT TREMBLANT, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID OPTICAL MODES; QUANTUM DOTS C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reinecke, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7378-2 PY 2002 BP C35 EP C36 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV01Q UT WOS:000177603700085 ER PT S AU Davis, CO Carder, KL Lee, ZP AF Davis, CO Carder, KL Lee, ZP GP IEEE IEEE TI Using hyperspectral imaging to characterize the coastal environment SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises ID SHALLOW WATERS; SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; REFLECTANCE; IMAGERY; COLOR; MODEL; DEPTH AB In shallow waters visible remote sensing systems frequently image the bottom including features, such as grass beds and coral reefs. Resolving the bottom features as viewed through the complex and varying optical properties of the water column is the central problem in coastal remote sensing. This requires hyperspectral imaging. There are three factors to estimate: water depth, bottom reflectance, and water clarity. Recent results demonstrate one approach to resolve this complexity using the additional information available in hyperspectral data. An example is given using data from the Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Future directions for processing these data and the implications for the design of future systems for imaging the coastal, ocean are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 1515 EP 1521 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800150 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Hyperspectral target detection using a Bayesian Likelihood Ratio test SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB A new approach to multivariate detection has been devised, which replaces the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) with another, the Bayesian Likelihood Ratio (BLR). The new test is partly based on selectable prior distributions of the parameters appearing in the GLR. Through these distributions the method facilitates the incorporation of prior knowledge generated by simple physics and experience in measurement programs. This paper explores these potentialities by applying the new formalism to the problem of matched subspace detection in hyperspectral data sets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20365 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20365 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 1537 EP 1540 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800153 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS AF Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS GP IEEE IEEE TI On the usage of derived quantities in tracking: Energy and other estimators SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises DE track filtering; energy estimators; energy dissipation; ballistic estimators ID TARGET AB Typically, the tracking and estimation community, has been concerned with the direct problem of tracking a threat in a near optimal fashion. The usage of secondary quantities or derived quantities from state estimates that can be used for other purposes than tracking have been ignored. An example of a derived quantity that is useful directly for tracking and classification is the energy associated with the threat. We discuss a number of such informative priors that can be useful to pure tracking applications as well as how dissipation of energy and ballistic coefficients can be estimated indirectly. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM grayje1@answc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 1571 EP 1580 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800157 ER PT S AU Lovellette, MN Wood, KS Wood, DL Beall, JH Shirvani, PP Oh, N McCluskey, EJ AF Lovellette, MN Wood, KS Wood, DL Beall, JH Shirvani, PP Oh, N McCluskey, EJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Strategies for fault-tolerant, space-based computing: Lessons learned from the ARGOS testbed SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The Advanced Space Computing and Autonomy Testbed on the ARGOS Satellite provides the first direct, on orbit comparison of a modem radiation hardened 32 bit processor with a similar COTS processor. This investigation was motivated by the need for higher capability computers for space flight use than could be met with available radiation hardened components. The use of COTS devices for space applications has been suggested to accelerate the development cycle and produce cost effective systems. Software-implemented corrections of radiation-induced SEUs (SIHFT) can provide low-cost solutions for enhancing the reliability of these systems. We have flown two 32-bit single board computers (SBCs) onboard the ARGOS spacecraft. One is full COTS, while the other is RAD-hard. The COTS board has an order of magnitude higher computational throughput than the RAD-hard board, offseting the performance overhead of the SIHFT techniques used on the COTS board while consuming less power. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lovellette, MN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2109 EP 2119 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800204 ER PT S AU Nolan, KL Parkes, CJ AF Nolan, KL Parkes, CJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Causes and effects of autothrottle integrator saturation on the performance of the approach power compensator of the S-3B Digital Flight Data Computer SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The U.S. Navy's S-3B Viking, manufactured by the Lockheed Martin Corporation and powered by two General Electric TF34 high-bypass turbofan engines, is a carrier-based, subsonic, high wing jet aircraft, designed for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW). The Digital Flight Data Computer (DFDC) was designed as a form, fit, and function replacement for the Flight Data Computer (FDC) (CP-1074) portion of the ASW-33 Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS). Control laws and mode logic implemented in the DFDC were designed to provide the stability augmentation, autopilot, and autothrottle functions provided by the FDC, and to correct existing deficiencies with the FDC. Following an extensive simulation and shore-based test program at the Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD, shipboard tests of the S-3B DFDC were conducted aboard USS HARRY S. TRUMAN (CVN-75) to determine the suitability of the DFDC for shipboard operations. This paper discusses the causes and effects of integrator saturation on the performance of the Approach Power Compensator (APC), or autothrottle, of the DFDC in the S-3B observed during the shipboard tests. APC test methodology and procedures are also briefly discussed. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Nolan, KL (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 21947 Nickles Rd,Bldg 1641, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2481 EP 2491 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800242 ER PT S AU Henderson, J Locksley, R Rice, C AF Henderson, J Locksley, R Rice, C GP IEEE IEEE TI USMC H-1 upgrade flight test; A systems engineering approach SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB In today's flight test world, systems engineering principles are becoming more accepted. Flight test engineers in the Navy and Marine Corps flight test community have used Systems Engineering concepts for quite some time; however, their involvement has been historically limited to the post, initial development phase. On the H-1 Upgrades program, Naval Acquisition Managers brought in the flight testers at the critical design review phase. This early involvement permitted the government and contractor to become partners throughout the development process. True to the "requirements driven" Systems Engineering (SE) philosophy, this government relationship with the contractor enables the user's needs to be met more readily. This paper will discuss the learning process used throughout the H-1 Upgrades program as well as present proven Systems Engineering tools used in the flight test program to include proper planning, execution, and reporting. C1 USN, Aviat Syst Team, Upgrades Flight Test Integrated Prod Team H1, Putuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Henderson, J (reprint author), USN, Aviat Syst Team, Upgrades Flight Test Integrated Prod Team H1, Putuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2493 EP 2499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800243 ER PT S AU Carico, D AF Carico, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Tiltrotor analytic flight test and training support SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB Flight testing is used to determine basic air vehicle performance, handling qualities, avionics, and weapons suitability, as well as special mission applications like shipboard compatibility. Although basic flight testing is a required part of the acquisition cycle, it can be expensive and it may require a highly instrumented aircraft, plus a large test support team. The test team has limited capability to analyze aircraft characteristics early in the acquisition cycle. Aircraft in a grounded status for extended periods also make it difficult for test team members to get answers to specific questions relating to flight test applications. Tiltrotor models are available, but may have only a limited flight test support capability in specialized flight test scenarios. This paper reviews a generic model structure application to tiltrotor vehicle support for flight testing and training and presents some initial low speed model data applications. The generic model structure could also be used as the starting point for integrating a group of related technologies to greatly enhance future air vehicle acquisition, testing, and training. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2501 EP 2510 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800244 ER PT S AU McConvey, W Riser, B AF McConvey, W Riser, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) certification of the MH-60S helicopter Common Cockpit SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The United States Navy. Helicopter Master Plan detailed a type/model/series (T/M/S) reduction of current helicopter inventory from eight (SH-60B, SH-60F, HH-60H, H-46D, SH-3, SH-2G, UH-1N, and MH-53E aircraft) to two (MH-60R and MH-60S). The goal of this T/M/S reduction was procurement and operating cost reduction, improved warfighting capability, and reduction in manpower and infrastructure requirements. Cost reductions were facilitated with the development and implementation of the Common Cockpit (CC), a fully integrated, software-driven, glass cockpit, which was installed in both the NM-60R and the MH-60S. The CC employed mission specific software designed to enable efficient operation in all areas of the multi-mission spectrum. The CC was designed for the MH-60R/MH-60S aircraft and was the interface for all aircraft mission equipment. Each of the unique mission sets was integrated through a network interface. There were four network tiers: the flight avionics segment (FAS), the mission avionics segment (MAS), the stores/self-defense avionics segment (SAS), and the mission support segment (MSS). Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) competency AIR-4.0P was responsible for the issuance of all Naval aircraft flight clearances. Current NAVAIR/AIR 4.0P directives do not define a process for obtaining an Instrument Flight Regulations (IFR)/Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) clearance flight clearance for an aircraft incorporating a fully integrated, software-driven, glass cockpit. While Navy flight clearance processes are defined to clear individual components of such a system (such as new software releases, upgraded avionics equipment, or additions/changes to aircraft structure, etc.), a documented process for issuing a clearance for a system which fully integrated several such upgrades is absent. Because the ME-60S CC was equipped with a fully integrated, software-driven system, a means of achieving an IFR/IMC clearance was required. Federal Aviation Administration IFR/IMC process listed in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 21 and 29 were examined as a method for qualifying the CC for certification. The FAA method though similar did not cover the entire mission spectrum in which the aircraft was projected to operate. A four phased approach to obtaining an IFR/IMC flight clearance was developed. This phased approach used a combination of FAA and Navy processes. The phases included laboratory, ground and flight evaluations of a fixed aircraft software/hardware configuration. All avionics hardware and software were evaluated for functionality, latency and integration. Phases I, II, and III were comprehensive qualification tests that were conducted during Navy Developmental Testing (DT-IIA). Phase IV was specific to the IFR/IMC clearance and is the focus of this paper. Numerous technical challenges including unbalanced aircraft pitot static system, mismatched airspeed and altitude display time constants, and Operator System Interface (OSI) software problems were identified and corrected during the course of the certification test. Successful completion of the IMC certification has resulted in a fleet wide clearance for the MH-60S to operate in IFR/IMC. This paper address the background, purpose, scope, method, results, lessons learned and conclusions/recommendations of the NM-60S CC IMC Certification test program. C1 USN, Rotary Wing Aircraft Test Squadron, Patuxtent River, MD 20670 USA. RP McConvey, W (reprint author), USN, Rotary Wing Aircraft Test Squadron, 22755 Saufley Rd,Hangar 111, Patuxtent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2511 EP 2525 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800245 ER PT S AU Matic, P Everett, RK Geltmacher, AB Simmonds, KE AF Matic, P Everett, RK Geltmacher, AB Simmonds, KE GP IEEE IEEE TI Microstructural damage metrics for failure physics SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB Safe and reliable design and operation of engineered systems are ultimately limited by our understanding of the physical characteristics of material performance and failure. For structural materials, deformation, damage and fracture are important. The assessment of material state at the microstructural scale is a major factor limiting predictions of system capabilities. Quantitative descriptions and metrics of deformation and damage at the microstructural scale require new methods to understand large numbers of interacting features in the complex mesoscale geometry of actual microstructures. In this paper, we discuss the use of experimental and computational techniques to describe material state. These efforts focus on the integrated use of microtomography, image based models, finite element simulation, the percolation characteristics of deformation and cellular automata simulation of morphology. The results of these efforts produce better physical understanding and mathematical descriptions of mesoscale response. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matic, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2887 EP 2902 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800278 ER PT S AU Westervelt, K AF Westervelt, K GP IEEE IEEE TI F/A-18D(RC) built-in-test false alarms SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB Built-In-Test (BIT) false alarm indications have been a challenge for the F/A-18D (RC) Advanced Tactical Air Reconnaissance (ATARS) program throughout development and production. Numerous software updates and hardware changes have reduced the frequency of BIT false alarm indications. These improvements have boosted the confidence of maintenance personnel to believe BIT for use in troubleshooting and repair. However, improvement is still needed to reduce the frequency of false alarms. Experience has shown that BIT false alarm performance is best expressed as Mean Flight-Hour Between False BIT Indication (MFHBFBI) vice BIT false alarm rate. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Westervelt, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Unit 1, Hangar 109,Suite 2A,22474 James Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2961 EP 2970 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800285 ER PT S AU Hess, A Hardman, W AF Hess, A Hardman, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Seeded fault testing in support of mechanical systems prognostic development SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The US Navy is evolving a strategy to develop and demonstrate prognostics and health management for propulsion and mechanical systems. How this overall strategy has evolved and its current status will be presented. The SH-60 program was initiated as the first proof-of-concept effort to develop, demonstrate, and integrate available and advanced mechanical diagnostic technologies for propulsion and power drive system monitoring. Included in these technologies were various rule based and model based analysis techniques which were applied to demonstrate and validate various levels of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. These will be discussed and updated. Using past and recent "seeded faults" tests as case examples, various diagnostic methods were used to identify the faults, and various means of applying prognostics and health management are discussed. The most recent examples of "seeded faults" and related tests will also be discussed as case studies, demonstrating various degrees of diagnostic, prognostic and health management capabilities. The current philosophy and thinking in respect to prognostics for mechanical systems will be embellished, using examples from past and more recent "seeded fault" databases. Of particular interest will be discussions of tests focused on demonstrating the understanding of fault to failure progression characteristics and the physics of failures. Accomplishments will be discussed and additional needed testing and demonstration requirements will be defined. Finally, status and future planned efforts for the USN Helicopter Transmission Test Facility (HTTF) and other related test resources will be presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Prop & Power Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hess, A (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Prop & Power Dept, 22195 Elmer Rd,Bldg 106, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2995 EP 3004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800289 ER PT S AU Frankenberger, CE Pisano, A AF Frankenberger, CE Pisano, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Survivable engine control algorithm development (SECAD) SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB This presentation describes the work conducted as part of the Survivable Engine Control Algorithm Development (SECAD) project. The SECAD project was sponsored by the Joint Technical Coordinating Group on Aircraft Survivability (JTCG/AS) Vulnerability Reduction Subgroup and conducted by the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division and General Electric Aircraft Engines, Lynn MA. The overall objective of the SECAD project is to develop turbine engine control algorithms that have the potential to reduce aircraft engine vulnerability to combat damage, including foreign object damage (FOD). The initial development effort was laid out in three-phases. Phase I conducted in early FY99, defined candidate engine damage modes to be addressed, and approaches to mitigate the damage effects. In phase 2 damage models, detection algorithms, and mitigation strategies were developed. and evaluated using F414 computer engine models. Phase 3 integrated the damage detection algorithms with the F414 control system and an engine test was conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the concepts developed. During these tests, SECAD successfully detected fan and compressor damage, combustor airflow loss and variable exhaust nozzle loss of control. This presentation documents the successful development and test of the damage detection and mitigation algorithms, and discusses the potential for merging these techniques with current prognostics and health monitoring technologies. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Frankenberger, CE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 3015 EP 3020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800291 ER PT B AU Maupin, DL AF Maupin, DL GP IEEE IEEE TI Missile test confidence via test systems certification and associated data analysis SO 2002 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEEDINGS, SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Autotestcon Conference CY OCT 14-17, 2002 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Hunstville Sect AB This paper discusses missile data analysis from production and fleet return test runs. This data can be used to detect a wide array of potential problems. I will look at how this data can be used by the manufacturers and depots that collect it. I will also examine data analysis visual display chart types and how to effectively group the results. Future trends in the use of the analysis programs will also be briefly explored. C1 USN, NSWC Corona Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Maupin, DL (reprint author), USN, NSWC Corona Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7441-X PY 2002 BP 687 EP 702 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV70C UT WOS:000179852000062 ER PT S AU Scholnik, DP AF Scholnik, DP GP IEEE IEEE TI Mixed-norm FIR filter optimization using second-order cone programming SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB It has been shown that second-order cone programming (SOCP) can be used to efficiently optimize FIR filter frequency responses in the sense of L-1, L-2, and L-infinity. Although SOCP cannot be used for the more general case of L-p minimization, several techniques for combining norms provide the flexibility to minimize a continuum of norms from L-1 to L-infinity. Burdakov's vector c-norm is here extended to complex functions on an interval of the real line, and is compared with a simple convex combination of norms. The dual norms of both are found as well. Discretized approximations of these norms can be used for filter design with SOCP, as shown in the examples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 1525 EP 1528 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510400382 ER PT S AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Factored computing structures for multiplierless fir filters using symbol-sequence number systems in linear spaces SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A general framework is presented here for developing number systems to represent coefficient vectors in an inner-product space. Multiplierless computational structures then follow for computing sums of inner products of data vectors and fixed coefficient vectors. Those structures can often be factored into multiplierless forms having remarkable computational efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 3132 EP 3135 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510400784 ER PT S AU Therrien, CW Cristi, R AF Therrien, CW Cristi, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Two-dimensional spectral representation of periodic, cyclostationary, and more general random processes SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Some confusion frequently arises between random processes that are periodic, those that exhibit cyclostationarity, and others. A simple formulation is presented that makes the distinction clear in terms of two-dimensional spectra of these processes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 3561 EP 3563 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510400891 ER PT S AU Milne, PR Pace, PE AF Milne, PR Pace, PE GP IEEE IEEE TI Wigner distribution detection and analysis of FMCW and P-4 polyphase LPI waveforms SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper examines the performance of the Wigner distribution in detection of two low-probability of intercept (LPI) emitter waveforms: a triangular Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) and a P-4 polyphase code CW signal. Detection performance for signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of +10 dB, 0 dB, -10 dB, and -20 dB are examined. Results indicate that time-frequency processing can provide good detection of LPI waveforms even in the presence of a moderate amount of noise. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Milne, PR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 3944 EP 3947 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510400987 ER PT S AU Copeland, DB Pace, PE AF Copeland, DB Pace, PE GP IEEE IEEE TI Detection and analysis of fmcw and P-4 polyphase LPI waveforms using quadrature mirror filter trees SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID CODES AB This paper investigates the performance of a quadrature mirror filter (QMF) in detecting two low-probability of intercept (LPI) emitter waveforms: a triangular Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) waveform and a P-4 polyphase code CW waveform. Detection performance for signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of +10 dB, 0 dB, -10 dB, and -20 dB is examined. Signal features that can be extracted are also quantified. Results indicate that QMF processing can provide good detection of LPI waveforms even in the presence of a moderate amount Of noise. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pepace@nps.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 3960 EP 3963 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510400991 ER PT B AU Piepmeier, JA Gumpert, BA Lipkin, H AF Piepmeier, JA Gumpert, BA Lipkin, H GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Uncalibrated eye-in-hand visual servoing SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 11-15, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc AB This paper presents uncalibrated control schemes for vision-guided robotic tracking of a moving target using a moving camera, These control methods are applied to an uncalibrated robotic system with eye-in-hand visual feedback. Without a priori knowledge of the robot's kinematic model or camera calibration, the system is able to track a moving object and maintain the desired features. These control schemes estimate the system Jacobian as well as changes in target features due to target motion. Four novel strategies are simulated, and a variety of parameters are investigated with respect to performance. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7272-7 PY 2002 BP 568 EP 573 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV31M UT WOS:000178573200090 ER PT B AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Ehman, RL AF Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Ehman, RL GP IEEE IEEE TI An inversion method for the determination of elastic moduli in tissue using magnetic resonance elastography SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Signal Processing Sco, Engn Med & Biol Soc AB The method termed Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) permits a direct measurement of elastic displacements within materials that are subject to forced vibration. Additionally, these displacements are related to the material parameters through the equations of elasticity. In this paper, we give a brief presentation of a method for the determination of the elastic moduli (i.e. the components of the Hooke's tensor) given a knowledge of the elastic displacements though an inversion of the equations of elasticity. Experimental results will be presented and the issue of anisotropy will be addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7584-X PY 2002 BP 1009 EP 1010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV15G UT WOS:000178000400255 ER PT B AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Coset decomposition in lattices yields sample-block number systems SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 26-29, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID CODES AB The representation of a scalar by a sequence of digits weighted by powers of some radix is here generalized to vectors. The radix becomes a matrix, and its powers are applied to digits that are vectors taken from a lattice. Familiar notions of overflow and truncation error apply, and the familiar two's-complement approach to representing vectors on the "wrong side" of zero generalizes cleanly. Blocking 1D,samples into vectors before conversion to these vector number systems can yield advantages in computational efficiency related to the packing efficiency of lattice points, much as data communication is improved by error-correcting block codes, a closely related topic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7448-7 PY 2002 BP 688 EP 691 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX73X UT WOS:000186280700174 ER PT B AU Hodge, A Newcomb, R Zaghloul, M Tigli, O AF Hodge, A Newcomb, R Zaghloul, M Tigli, O GP IEEE IEEE TI System architecture for multi-technology testbench-on-a-chip SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 26-29, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID CIRCUITS; ANALOG AB The Architecture for a multi-technology testbench on a chip is presented for functional testing of mixed signal devices. The technologies tested by this System-on-a-Chip (SoC) include Op Amps, biosensors, and smart signal processing of Analog/Digital Multiplexers. This paper focuses on describing the architecture of the testbench on a chip as well as the results obtained from testing integral components of the fabricated device. The objective of this research is to uncover key metrology infrastructure issues needed for developing the design reuse approach for multi-technology System-on-a-Chip (SoC) devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7448-7 PY 2002 BP 736 EP 739 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX73X UT WOS:000186280700186 ER EF