FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Clem, TR Lopes, JL AF Clem, TR Lopes, JL GP IEEE IEEE TI Progress in the development of buried minehunting systems SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE GRADIOMETER; PROTOTYPE; ORDNANCE AB In FY 2002, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiated a project to provide a deliberate capability for hunting buried sea mines. The objectives and approaches for this buried minehunting (BMH) project and the sensor technologies being pursued have been reported [1]. In this paper, we will describe progress and current status of this project, including developments in sensors, platforms, system concepts, and testing. Discussion of relevant tests that have been conducted for individual sensors and sensor combinations will be included. Future plans to test and demonstrate these technologies and concepts are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 500 EP 511 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300121 ER PT B AU Warner, E Ladner, R Katikaneni, U Shea, JJ AF Warner, E Ladner, R Katikaneni, U Shea, JJ GP IEEE IEEE TI New developments in Internet-based delivery of MetOc data to Warfighters SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Access and retrieval of meteorological and oceanographic data from heterogeneous sources in a distributed system presents many issues. Effective bandwidth utilization is important for any distributed system. In addition, specific issues need to be addressed in order to assimilate spatiotemporal data from multiple sources. These issues include resolution of differences in datum, map-projection and time coordinate. Reduction in the complexity of data formats is a significant factor for fostering interoperability. Simplification of training is important to promote usage of the distributed system. Here, we describe particular techniques that revolutionize the Internet-based delivery of MetOc data to address the needs of the Warfighter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Warner, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1020 EP 1024 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178476 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300239 ER PT B AU Ladner, R Warner, E Petry, F AF Ladner, R Warner, E Petry, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Spatio-temporal data access for information-based decision making SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Supporting large volumes of multidimensional data is an inherent characteristic of modern database applications, such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Image and Multimedia Databases. Such databases need underlying systems with extended features like query languages, data models, and indexing methods, as compared to traditional databases, mainly because of the complexity of representing and retrieving data. In particular, spatio-temporal information systems must efficiently store and access potentially very large quantities of spatial and temporal data so we have developed index structures that can capture the time varying nature of moving objects, namely spatiotemporal structures. This paper describes the design of a query system for such data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178477 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300240 ER PT B AU Miller, MJ Layne, G Braud, J Sarnowski, K AF Miller, MJ Layne, G Braud, J Sarnowski, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Parallel software solutions for processing hydrographic data SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The research in this paper focuses on the I/O problem associated with a parallel application writing to a single physical disk. Included in our research are the original ideas that led to the first version of the parallel software, subsequent versions of the software derived from lessons learned from benchmark results, and speedup results of each version. The underlying purpose of this software is to process hydrographic data having a complicated, multi-tiered format. The data processing involves reading tens to hundreds of files containing raw data, filtering out extraneous data values, and writing the filtered data to a single file used in additional processing. The problem is not computationally intensive, but bound by the system's file writing capability. Results show that the more responsible the software was for organizing the data before writing, the better the speedup. The critical factor for writing data efficiently involved the limitation of writing data over a single I/O controller. Our parallel software has fantastic utility where system specifications do not allow for the use of parallel file systems, or writing data over multiple I/O controllers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1005,Code 7004-1, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. OI Miller, M Meghan/0000-0002-7296-0639 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1032 EP 1037 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178479 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300242 ER PT B AU Lohrenz, MC Edwards, SS Myrick, SA Gendron, ML Trenchard, ME AF Lohrenz, MC Edwards, SS Myrick, SA Gendron, ML Trenchard, ME GP IEEE IEEE TI Demonstration of a moving-map system for improved precise lane navigation of amphibious vehicles and landing craft SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has tested and demonstrated a prototype moving-map system for naval landing craft and amphibious vehicles. NRL proposed that a moving-map would improve crew situational awareness and communications, thereby improving precise lane navigability. This paper presents results of demonstrations performed during the Transparent Hunter naval exercise in January 2003. Comparisons in navigation performance (measured in terms of root mean square "cross-track" error) are presented for vehicles using the moving-map system and the same vehicles using no moving-map. These results suggest that the moving-map significantly improves lane navigation performance. Crew feedback was also positive: crewmembers reported that the moving-map was easy to operate with minimal training and very effective in helping operators keep the vehicle within the lane. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lohrenz, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-1, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1247 EP 1254 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178032 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300289 ER PT B AU Bentrem, FW Sample, J Bibee, D Harris, M Avera, W AF Bentrem, FW Sample, J Bibee, D Harris, M Avera, W GP IEEE IEEE TI High-frequency acoustic inversion using a military mine-hunting sonar SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Bentrem, FW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1408 EP 1408 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300325 ER PT B AU Schnoor, RT AF Schnoor, RT GP IEEE IEEE TI Modularized unmanned vehicle packages for the littoral combat ship mine countermeasures missions SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The planned acquisition of a leased High Speed Vehicle (HSV) for Mine Countermeasures (MCM) and Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) experimentation provides a significant opportunity to examine and accelerate unmanned systems for mine countermeasures. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) S&T investments are developing containerized mission packages (to include inexpensive AUVs for minehunting, and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) for minesweeping) for demonstration on HSV-2 SWIFT. This builds on the rapid advance of AUV technologies and capabilities demonstrated on HSV-X1 JOINT VENTURE during Fleet Battle Experiment-JULIET. ONR is currently working with the Coastal Systems Station (CSS), Panama City, Florida for the development of the mission modules, and with the Commander, Mine Warfare Command and the Navy Warfare Development Center on an experimentation schedule. ONR/CSS intend to have the first AUV mission package ready when the SWIFT is available for experimentation in FY2004. Additional AUV mission packages and the USV mine sweeping mission package will follow. Lessons learned from experimentation would be applied to the LCS, and reduce risk to the definition of MCM mission modules composition. Additionally, these unmanned vehicle mission packages provide a contingency capability for operating forces and provide a readily deployable underwater search and survey capability that could be used for homeland defense. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Schnoor, RT (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1437 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178073 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300331 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Perry, MD Gottshall, EL Cwalina, DS AF Chu, PC Perry, MD Gottshall, EL Cwalina, DS GP IEEE IEEE TI Satellite data assimilation for naval undersea capability improvement SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE satellite data; GDEM; MODAS; weapon acoustic preset AB Impact of the satellite data assimilation on the naval undersea capability is investigated using the ocean hydrographic data without and with satellite data assimilation. The former is the Navy's Global Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) providing the monthly mean; and the latter is the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) proving the synoptic data. The two environmental datasets are taken as the input into the Weapon Acoustic Preset Program to determine the suggested presets for a Mk 48 torpedo. The acoustic coverage area generated by the program will be used as the metric to compare the two sets of outputs. The output presets were created for two different scenarios, an ASUW and an ASW, and three different depth bands, shallow, mid, and deep. After analyzing the output, it became clear that there was a great difference in the presets for the shallow depth band, and that as depth increased, the difference between the presets decreased. Therefore, the MODAS data (in turn the satellite data assimilation) was optimized in the shallow depth band. The ASW presets also seemed to be slightly more resistant to differences in the presets than was the ASUW scenario. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1582 EP 1592 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178108 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300366 ER PT B AU Miller, S Turk, J Lee, T Hawkins, J Richardson, K AF Miller, S Turk, J Lee, T Hawkins, J Richardson, K GP IEEE IEEE TI DoD-tailored environmental products from near real-time Terra/Aqua MODIS in support of operation Iraqi freedom SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) provided pseudo-operational satellite imagery support to Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom. This paper highlights some of the high quality products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) that were developed in response to user-defined needs, and measures taken to host the imagery upon the Satellite Focus Web Page generally within 2.5 hours of data collection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93907 USA. RP Miller, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93907 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1593 EP 1597 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178109 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300367 ER PT B AU Cumbee, SC AF Cumbee, SC GP IEEE IEEE TI Attempting high resolution full water column current measurements utilizing an array of ADCP's off Oahu, Hawaii SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Cumbee, SC (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1621 EP 1621 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300373 ER PT B AU Kraszewski, R AF Kraszewski, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Motion compensated beamforming SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Warfare Ctr Keyport, Keyport, WA USA. RP Kraszewski, R (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr Keyport, Keyport, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1639 EP 1639 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300380 ER PT B AU Reese, SS Peters, K Vaccaro, M AF Reese, SS Peters, K Vaccaro, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Contact depth localization-sensitivity to environmental variability SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB A contact depth recognition technique has been developed which uses the multipath structure of a point target echo and hence the channel structure as a discriminator. The technique uses a template matching approach of predicted multipath structure. Multipath structure is predicted using the Comprehensive Acoustic Sonar Simulator (CASS) model. Inputs to the model, such as sound speed profile, bottom bathymetry and boundary reflection coefficients are modeled using the variability observed in real world environments. This paper addresses the sensitivity of contact depth localization to environmental uncertainty. A method to parameterize environmental uncertainty has been developed and it is used to derive the statistical characterization of the performance of the depth estimation algorithm. Robust depth localization performance is demonstrated for oceanographic variability scales consistent with real world operating environments. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Reese, SS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1691 EP 1696 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178132 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300390 ER PT B AU MacNaughton, A Swanson, RP White, RH AF MacNaughton, A Swanson, RP White, RH GP IEEE IEEE TI New navy deep-water oceanographic survey vehicle: the naval oceanographic office's subsurface autonomous mapping system (SAMS) SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The Subsurface Autonomous Mapping System (SAMS) is a full-ocean-depth (6000-meter) autonomous vehicle with integrated physical oceanography and bottom-mapping sensors. Developed for the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Systems Laboratory, SAMS is a new NAVOCEANO capability for deep-sea oceanographic data collection. SAMS is equipped with a CTD, an optical backscatter sensor, an ADCP, and a side-scan sonar. The SAMS vehicle is designed to conduct two types of missions: independent physical oceanographic data collections and sidescan sonar bottom mapping surveys. SAMS can collect 10-12 hours of side-scan and oceanographic data or up to 16 hours of oceanographic data with the side-scan sonar disabled. At a cruising speed of 4 knots, the vehicle can survey more than 40 nmi during mapping missions and nearly 65 nmi during oceanography missions. The range of the vehicle, its ability to conduct preprogrammed and redirected missions, and its multipurpose sensor suite allow NAVOCEANO to conduct large-scale, deep-water oceanographic and ocean bottom feature exploration with greater efficiency and flexibility. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP MacNaughton, A (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1703 EP 1708 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178134 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300392 ER PT B AU Fernandez, JE Christoff, JT Cook, DA AF Fernandez, JE Christoff, JT Cook, DA GP IEEE IEEE TI Synthetic aperture sonar on AUV SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Synthetic aperture sonars (SAS) and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) are two of the most exciting technologies under development by the underwater research and development community. Integration of these technologies promises to produce underwater acoustic imaging systems of tremendous capability and versatility. Currently, several efforts, mostly motivated by military applications, are under way to achieve the realization of these systems. This paper describes one such effort, in which the Coastal Systems Station (CSS) SAS system has been integrated with the Bluefin Reliant AUV. Included in this paper are descriptions of the CSS SAS and Bluefin AUV technology and hardware and of the data processing methods. Also presented are the preliminary results obtained during the first system tests carried out at CSS, Panama City, Florida in March 2003. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Fernandez, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1718 EP 1722 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178136 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300394 ER PT B AU Thompson, WT AF Thompson, WT GP IEEE IEEE TI Investigation of a coastally trapped disturbance SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID ATMOSPHERE AB The relatively shallow marine boundary layer adjacent to steep coastal topography along the California Coast give rise to a number of mesoscale phenomena, including coastally trapped disturbances (CTD's), expansion fans, land/sea breezes, low-level jets, and cyclonic eddies. CTD's occur several times each year during the period from May to early October and are easily distinguished in satellite imagery due to the distinctive narrow tongue of low clouds and fog propagating to the north along the coast. In the present study, we investigate a CTD event which occurred 15-16 June 2000. We use the Naval Research Laboratory's nonhydrostatic COAMPS(TM) model to simulate this event. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1758 EP 1762 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178148 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300406 ER PT B AU Burk, SD Thompson, WT AF Burk, SD Thompson, WT GP IEEE IEEE TI Mesoscale eddy formation and shock features associated with a coastally trapped disturbance SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID LAYER AB Synoptic maps for 28-29 August 2002 indicate typical near-surface northerly flow along coastal California, while Goes-10 animated satellite imagery from this period show a stratus-capped, coastally trapped disturbance (CTD) propagating northward against the prevailing flow. A pronounced hydraulic-jump-like ('shock') feature develops in the cloud field south of Cape Mendocino (CM) and angles linearly away from the coast. Over the next similar to6 hours both the CTD and the shock feature move northward and, as they approach the Cape, the leading edge of the CTD clouds roll-up into a visually striking cyclonic mesoscale eddy-with the shock feature being wrapped into the eddy. The CTD rather abruptly stalls and fails to round CM. Further, a second cyclonic mesoscale eddy is observed to form SW of Point Arena. Using a mesoscale model, many of the observed features of this case are forecast, including: (a) the cloud-filled, northward propagating CTD; (b) the development, linear structure, and orientation of the oblique shock feature; (c) the CTD rounds Point Arena, but fails to round CM; and (d) the formation of cyclonic mesoscale eddies near CM and Point Arena. The model fidelity permits us to analyze the dynamics associated with the shock feature and eddy formation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Burk, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1763 EP 1770 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178149 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300407 ER PT B AU Schuler, D Sletten, M Ainsworth, T Lee, JS Frasier, S Holt, B AF Schuler, D Sletten, M Ainsworth, T Lee, JS Frasier, S Holt, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Ocean environment sensing using polarimetric and interferometric SAR SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB New methods have been investigated which use fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) image data to measure ocean wave slopes. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slope spectra in both the radar azimuth and range directions. Wave spectra measured using the new methods are compared with spectra developed using conventional SAR intensity-based methods, and with spectra from in situ buoys. Wave-current interactions may also be measured using the same measurement techniques [1]. NASA/JPL/AIRSAR L-band image data from California coastal waters and from the New York Bight are used in the studies. NRL has also recently lead two collaborative field experiments that feature Along-Track Interferometric SAR (AT-INSAR) systems. In April, 2003, NRL, NASA JPL and UCLA collaborated in a study of sub-mesoscale coastal eddies that featured the NASA/JPL/AIRSAR. NRL has also recently collaborated with the University of Massachusetts in a deployment of their Dual Beam Interferometer on the west coast of Florida. This paper presents preliminary data from both of these experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 07260,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1829 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178165 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300421 ER PT B AU Arrieta, RT AF Arrieta, RT GP IEEE IEEE TI The detection of explosives using robotic crawlers SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID CHEMICAL ORIENTATION AB Chemical sensing of explosives may allow differentiation between mines and other mine-like objects, especially if close proximity to the targets can be achieved. Robotic crawlers are well suited to achieve the required proximity and have added advantages, including stability on the bottom and station-keeping. We have performed initial tests with an explosive sensor mounted on crawlers and two types of targets containing real explosives. In the tests, the robot successfully detected both targets at significant distances. For the initial test, the crawler approached the target from a direction upcurrent of the target so that any chemical signature emanating from the target would be transported away from the sensor. No sensor response was noted in this case. The robot was then repositioned by executing a number of turns placing the robot and sensor downcurrent from the target. Shortly after arriving in this position, intermittent sensor responses were observed. These responses were similar to what is observed in the laboratory. The response to the targets was rapid and reversible. In order to gain insight into how most effectively to sample the area around mine-like objects, we are also simulating chemical orientation using spatial modeling and analysis tools. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R23,6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1941 EP 1946 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178185 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300441 ER PT B AU Preller, R Jacobs, G Rhodes, R AF Preller, R Jacobs, G Rhodes, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Ocean prediction at the US Naval Research Laboratory SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Preller, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1954 EP 1954 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300444 ER PT B AU Harding, J Johnson, E Rigney, J Schulz, W AF Harding, J Johnson, E Rigney, J Schulz, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Real-time operational oceanography at the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Harding, J (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1962 EP 1962 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300446 ER PT B AU Wiegert, R AF Wiegert, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Magnetic anomaly guidance system for mine countermeasures using autonomous underwater vehicles SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB This paper describes a magnetic anomaly guidance system that, with support from the Office of Naval Research, is being developed for fully autonomous detection, localization and classification of ferrous mines in Very Shallow Water/Surf Zone (VSW/SZ) environments. The magnetic guidance system's hardware configurations and magnetic target signature processing methods specifically have been developed for autonomous guidance of small, maneuverable sensing platforms, such as Underwater Bottom Vehicles, (UBVs), to magnetic targets. The prototype magnetic anomaly guidance is a three-axis magnetometer-gradiometer comprised by an array of triaxial fluxgate magnetometers and triaxial accelerometers. This design allows development of magnetic gradient tensor contraction scalars that provide the basis for a unique method for magnetic guidance of UBVs to underwater and buried mines. The triaxial accelerometer array can be used for mitigation of the target-detection-range-reducing effects of large changes in sensor platform orientation. Field test results indicate that a simple magnetic guidance algorithm based on comparison of the magnitudes of contractions of gradient tensor subsets measured by "primary guidance axes" of the sensor array will provide a robust and practical method for fully autonomous guidance of high- mobility UBVs to magnetic targets. Target detection range can be enhanced by using rotationally invariant tensor contractions for robust proximity sensing and "pseudo-robust" scalar total field quantities for "homing in on" magnetic targets. Sensor system stability and DLC performance also would be improved by the use of better, temperature-compensated magnetometers. The results indicate that the magnetic anomaly guidance system and its method for target localization are particularly appropriate for homing in on magnetic targets from high-mobility sensing platforms such as small UBVs or Navy Divers. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wiegert, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2002 EP 2010 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178206 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300462 ER PT B AU Bono, JT Over-Way, DJ Wynn, WM AF Bono, JT Over-Way, DJ Wynn, WM GP IEEE IEEE TI Magnetic sensor operation onboard a UUV: Magnetic noise investigation using a total-field gradiometer SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB To operate a magnetic sensor on board an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), it is necessary to provide a means for compensating magnetic noise from a variety of sources. In previous applications involving passively towed platforms, the noise arises from the magnetic fields due to eddy currents and magnetic polarization changes occurring due to rotation of the platform in the earth's magnetic field. It has been demonstrated that this noise can be compensated with a single vector magnetometer that is rigidly attached to the sensor of interest, measuring the rotational changes in the earth's magnetic field. This compensation algorithm has been extended, for passively towed platforms, to provide both motion noise reduction and localization of magnetic dipole targets, in a single process. On a UUV, noise sources are present in addition to those induced by the earth's magnetic field. There are active elements present, such as current loops, motors, actuators, sonars, and electronic devices. To compensate for these additional sources, it is necessary to add additional reference sensors, and to employ more complex compensation models. In a recent MTS/IEEE Oceans paper, a preliminary investigation of such models was made for several prototype UUVs, for both a fluxgate tensor gradiometer and a single-axis total field gradiometer. The total-field gradiometer is the most sensitive of the devices and was operated onboard an active Bluefin BPAUV UUV. The UUV was mounted on a three-axis motion table, and the results obtained were encouraging. In the present paper, we apply a multi-reference sensor magnetic noise compensation algorithm to a single-axis totalfield gradiometer operating in the environment of a completely redesigned Bluefin platform, the RELIANT UUV, again mounted on a three-axis motion table. This vehicle has a different configuration from that of the BPAUV, including a very different battery design. We examine in detail the effect of the positioning and number of reference sensors, and show that these issues are critical to performance. We investigate the effect of the positioning of the magnetic sensor relative to other platform systems and find this to be an important issue. Finally we conclude that the performance of the sensor onboard the RELIANT platform using all available reference sensors is roughly the same as that demonstrated onboard the BPAUV. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Bono, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2018 EP 2022 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178209 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300465 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Fan, CW Evans, A Gilles, AF Fleischer, P AF Chu, PC Fan, CW Evans, A Gilles, AF Fleischer, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for prediction of falling cylinder through water column SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE triple coordinate systems; momentum of cylinder; moment of momentum of cylinder; cylinder drop experiment (CIDEX) AB A three dimensional hydrodynamic model based on triple coordinate systems is developed to predict translation and orientation of falling rigid cylinder through the water column: earth-fixed coordinate (E-coordinate), cylinder's main-axis following coordinate (M-coordinate), and hydrodynamic force following coordinate (F-coordinate). Use of the triple coordinate systems and the transforms among them leads to the simplification of the dynamical system. The body and buoyancy forces and their moments are easily calculated using the E-coordinate system. The hydrodynamic forces (such as the drag and lift forces) and their moments are easily computed using the F-coordinate. The cylinder's moments of gyration are simply represented using the M-coordinate. A recursive model is developed on the base of the triple coordinate transform to predict the cylinder's translation and orientation. To evaluate the recursive model, a cylinder-drop experiment was conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School swimming pool in June 2001. Comparison between the modeled and observed results shows a great potential of using the triple coordinate transform. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2047 EP 2057 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178217 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300473 ER PT B AU Dubberley, J AF Dubberley, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Adaptation and improvement of ASW tactical decision aid design to mine warfare tactical decision aid SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB In this presentation, the adaptation of a tactical decision aid (TDA) designed for Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) to one used for Mine Warfare is discussed. Previous work at the Naval Research Laboratory established a TDA, namely GRASP for the ASW role. Recently at NRL work has been done to extend the TDA model to Mine Warfare. Specifically this presentation examines search path algorithms for the two TDAs. Comparisons will be shown between various search path algorithms for environmentally influenced mine detection: GRASP, edge covering, and greedy algorithms for limited time searches and searches for assured threshold confidence of detection. Oceanic environmental parameters relevant to designing tactical decision aids for mine detection will be noted. In conclusion this presentation discusses how extensively detailed must the environmental survey be in order to make search path analysis sensitive to the data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dubberley, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2133 EP 2137 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178232 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300488 ER PT B AU Cook, DA Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE AF Cook, DA Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE GP IEEE IEEE TI Motion compensation of AUV-based synthetic aperture sonar SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB To date, ocean-going synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) systems have been deployed exclusively in a con guration where the sonar instrument is housed in a towed body that receives power from and exchanges information with the vessel to which it is attached. Meanwhile, recent years have witnessed the beginnings of maturity with respect to both SAS and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technologies. In order to move away from the towed sonar paradigm, the Coastal Systems Station has recently taken delivery of and begun using the rst AUV-based SAS. The AUV was manufactured by Blue n Robotics and the sonar used on this vehicle is the existing CSS LF/HF SAS. This transition is not without its challenges, however, as the operation and dynamic behavior of an AUV is different from that of a towed body. In general, the AUV con guration makes the problem of unwanted platform motion more severe and more dif cult to solve. This paper discusses motion compensation in the context of initial evaluations of the performance of the CSS AUV-based SAS system. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Cook, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2143 EP 2148 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178234 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300490 ER PT B AU Elmore, PA Richardson, MD AF Elmore, PA Richardson, MD GP IEEE IEEE TI Assessing scour model performance with experimental data SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Equations by Soulsby (Dynamics of Marine Sands, Thomas Teleford: London, 1997) and Whitehouse (Scour at Marine Structures, Thomas Teleford: London, 1998) have been applied to predicting mine burial by scour in tidal estuaries. The main equation, which has the functional form of [1- exp(-t/T)], computes the depth of the scour pit with time under steady state conditions. This theory may be applied to changing conditions by using the RMS values of the frictional stress at the bed and assuming a quasi-steady state of the RMS values over a small time period. From 1999 - 2002, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted scour burial experiments using instrumented mines that measure mine motion (heading, roll, and pitch) and percent burial (surface area covered with sediment). Using oceanographic and sediment data obtained during these experiments, this study examines how well the predictions match the mine burial measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pelmore@nrlsse.navy.mil; mike.richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2350 EP 2354 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178279 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300535 ER PT B AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR Huang, DH AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR Huang, DH GP IEEE IEEE TI A comparison of the underwater acoustic performance of single crystal vs. piezoelectric ceramic based cymbal projectors SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID TRANSDUCER AB The underwater acoustic performance of three same-design 'cymbal' based electro-acoustic projectors are compared. Two of these projectors contain PMN-PT single crystal piezoelectric as the active material while the third utilizes conventional PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic. The units containing the single crystal material show an improvement in the acoustic source level anywhere from 3 to 15 dB over the frequency band 1-25 kHz. The higher source level is a consequence of the higher drive voltage capability of the single crystal materials. Under appropriate drive conditions, a single crystal cymbal-based projector that is 64 mm thick with an acoustic aperture of 101 mm x 101 mm can generate an acoustic source level of at least 175 dB (re: 1 muPa @ 1 m) from similar to 3 kHz to > 25 kHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2372 EP 2379 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.1282909 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300540 ER PT B AU Butler, SC AF Butler, SC GP IEEE IEEE TI High frequency triply resonant broadband transducer array development at NUWC SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Butler, SC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2380 EP 2380 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300541 ER PT B AU Stack, JR Smith, CM AF Stack, JR Smith, CM GP IEEE IEEE TI Combining random and data-driven coverage planning for underwater mine detection SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE coverage path planning; mine countermeasures; unmanned underwater vehicles AB Unmanned autonomous vehicles are proving themselves to be effective means for conducting underwater mine hunting missions. The resulting efficiency, reduced search time, and covert search possibilities will facilitate larger mission areas requiring many agents searching for significant lengths of time (e.g., many weeks or months). In search areas of this scale, complete area coverage may not always be feasible. Therefore, this research investigates a path planning scheme for incomplete coverage. This scheme divides the search area into cells and surveys each cell using a conventional line-sweep pattern with a row spacing that is larger than the sensor footprint. The rows of the line-sweep pattern are randomly spaced near the boundaries of each cell to decrease the probability of missing a line of evenly spaced mines. The spacing of the rows near the center of each cell are specifically determined from estimated possible mine locations. Bounds placed on the row spacing limits the amount of uncovered area to maintain an acceptable probability of detection. This method results in a probability of missing a mine that is less than the percent of unsearched area. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2463 EP 2468 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178298 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300557 ER PT B AU Bub, FL Horton, CW Clifford, MA Krynen, D Myrick, R AF Bub, FL Horton, CW Clifford, MA Krynen, D Myrick, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Using moored buoy observations to assess and improve a circulation model in near-real-time SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID OCEANOGRAPHIC NOWCAST/FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) deployed a Texas Automated Buoy System (TABS) during January 2003 to collect data expressly for the assessment and improvement of our operational Shallow-Water Analysis and Forecast System (SWAFS) model. TABS observed ocean temperatures, salinity, depth, and currents, along with air temperature, humidity, pressure and winds. These data were stored and relayed at half-hour intervals via Iridium, processed, archived, and made available to NAVOCEANO modelers in near-real-time. Using time series and inferred Lagrangian drifts, comparisons are made between these observations and ocean properties predicted daily by 48-hour SWAFS forecasts. The information is used to make model adjustments leading to improvements in forecast current speed, direction, and phase. The decay of model skill over the forecast period is examined, and we discuss how these comparisons can be used to provide users of SWAFS (and similar ocean models) with guidance on model uncertainties, strengths, and weaknesses. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bub, FL (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2530 EP 2536 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178309 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300572 ER PT B AU Christoff, J Wilbur, JE Cook, D AF Christoff, J Wilbur, JE Cook, D GP IEEE IEEE TI 3-D acoustic imaging of broadband SAS data SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The difficult conditions encountered in the littoral region require development of flexible sonar processing technologies. One technical approach to increase the flexibility of active sonar has been the development of broadband sonar for multifrequency analysis. Physics based target models of acoustic backscatter use frequency as a prime variable, often defined in terms of radius, a, and acoustic wavenumber, k. For example, fluid filled spheres insonified at low frequencies exhibit sharp peaks and nulls in the acoustic backscatter. As ka increases marine biologists have predicted and observed a frequency variation in target strength associated with shape in the acoustic return of biologics that conform to fluid filled and elastic object models. The broadband synthetic aperture sonar (BBSAS) at CSS enables one to add another dimension (frequency) to the target feature space without compromising resolution. The processing enables a user to construct a 3-D image description around targets of interest. A modified STFT, Choi-Williams, and Binomial transformations, are compared for the frequency decomposition stage of the beamformer. A trade-off between processing complexity and preservation of the target characteristics is discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Sci Technol & Anal Dept, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Christoff, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn,Sci Technol & Anal Dept, 6703 Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2615 EP 2621 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.1282985 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300589 ER PT B AU Kirsteins, LP AF Kirsteins, LP GP IEEE IEEE TI Blind separation of signal and multipath interference for synthetic aperture sonar SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Multipath interference is a major source of noise for synthetic aperture sonar systems operating in shallow water. Motivated by this problem, we present an iterative algorithm for blindly separating the signal from the multipath interference that uses differences in the temporal coherence properties of the signal and multipaths caused by sea surface roughness to estimate the optimum filter weights. The filter weights are estimated by minimizing the circular variance of the phase differences between overlapping vertical phase centers. An important advantage of this approach is that signal-free training data and accurate array calibration information are not needed. Experimentally we show that the blind separation performance is competitive with high resolution angle of arrival estimation and compares favorably to the Cramer-Rao lower bound predicted error. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM kirsteinsip@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2641 EP 2648 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178324 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300593 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI AF Haltrin, VI GP IEEE IEEE TI One-parameter sea water light scattering phase function in the form of Legendre polynomial series SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB A new type of one-parameter seawater light scattering phase function that satisfies three most important properties of experimental phase functions is proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM haltrin@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 2842 EP 2844 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300637 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC AF Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC TI Adaptive filtering approach to chirp estimation and inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of maneuvering targets SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; filtering; inverse optics; synthetic aperture radar; targets ID SPECTRAL ESTIMATION; POLYNOMIAL-PHASE; FREQUENCY; SIGNALS; APES; TRANSFORM AB In inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, due to the noncooperative motions of maneuvering targets, the Doppler shifts of scatterers are usually time-varying, and the radar return signals are usually chirps. Thus, chirp estimation plays an important role in the performance of ISAR imaging. Li and Stoica (1996) presented an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filtering approach to estimate the amplitudes and phases of sinusoidal signals and applied it to the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with the sinusoidal signal model. We extend the Li and Stoica's algorithm to estimate the chirps and then apply it to the ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets. The extended algorithm is verified by some raw ISAR data. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1117/1.1526842 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 655BK UT WOS:000181531300030 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Lee, KS Huang, Z Heuer, WB Paik-Sung, CS AF Kim, OK Lee, KS Huang, Z Heuer, WB Paik-Sung, CS TI Oligothiophene as photonic/electronic property modulator SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Photo-Responsive Organics and Polymers (ICPOP 2001) CY AUG 19-25, 2001 CL CHEJU ISL, SOUTH KOREA DE conjugated oligomers; photonic/electronic properties; optical/electronic materials ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL CHROMOPHORES; BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; DITHIENOTHIOPHENE; HYPERPOLARIZABILITY; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; TRANSISTORS; DERIVATIVES; THIOPHENES; MOLECULES AB Several different series of conjugated oligomers bearing various pi-centers such as dithienothiophene (DTT), fluorene and terthiophene moieties, attaching electron donor and/or electron acceptor units through conjugation were synthesized and assessed for their nonlinear optical, two-photon absorption and redox properties. Discussion is made on the property modulation role of the pi-centers, particularly by DTT oligothiophene, which displays a unique and efficient electronic mediation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hannam Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Taejon 300791, South Korea. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1-3 BP 559 EP 564 AR PII S0925-3467(02)00200-8 DI 10.1016/S0925-3467(02)00200-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 628YF UT WOS:000180023100097 ER PT S AU Leistner, AJ Fischer-Cripps, AC Bennett, JM AF Leistner, AJ Fischer-Cripps, AC Bennett, JM BE Goodman, WA TI Indentation hardness and modulus of the surface of a large super-polished single crystal silicon sphere SO OPTICAL MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials and Structures Technologies CY AUG 04-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB Surface properties of single crystal silicon are of great interest to many people in research and development as well as in industry, particularly in the semiconductor industry. In this paper we present and discuss the results of a series of nanoindentations as they relate to the elasticity and microhardness properties on the surface of a large single crystal silicon sphere. The sphere diameter is 94 mm, it has a total roundness error of <213 nm P-V, and a super-polished surface <0.4 nm rms. The cubic structure of a silicon crystal displays different properties of hardness and elasticity in the different crystallographic planes. We present a study of the measurable differences in these mechanical properties as they relate to the <111> and the <100> directions. We also show how these differences affect the overall shape of the sphere during the surface finishing process. C1 CSIRO, Telecommun & Ind Phys, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Leistner, AJ (reprint author), CSIRO, Telecommun & Ind Phys, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5052-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5179 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.507234 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY25A UT WOS:000188460100023 ER PT S AU Gao, BC Yang, P Kaufman, YJ Wiscombe, WJ AF Gao, BC Yang, P Kaufman, YJ Wiscombe, WJ BE Huang, HL Lu, D Sasano, Y TI Seasonal and global variations of water vapor and high clouds observed with MODIS Near-IR channels SO OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND CLOUDS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds III CY OCT 25-27, 2002 CL HANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Oceanog, SPIE, NASA Earth Sci Technol Off, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, NOAA, Minist Sci & Technol, China Assoc Sci & Technol, SOA, CNSA, Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Aerosp Cooperat Sci & Technol, Michigan Aerosp Corp, NASDA, City Govt Hangzhou DE remote sensing; water vapor; cirrus clouds ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA AB The NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) on the Terra Spacecraft has been collecting scientific data since February of 2000. MODIS is a major facility instrument for remote sensing of the atmosphere, land surfaces, and ocean color. On the MODIS instrument, there are five channels located within and around the 0.94-micron water vapor band absorption region for remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor. There is also a channel located at 1.375 micron for detecting thin cirrus clouds. In this paper, we describe the basic principles for using these near-IR channels for remote sensing of water vapor and high clouds. Based on the analysis of two years' measurements with these channels on the Terra MODIS, we have found that reliable observations of water vapor and high clouds on regional and global scales can be made. We present results on seasonal variations of water vapor and high clouds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4677-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4891 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1117/12.465974 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW64V UT WOS:000182689500014 ER PT S AU Eversole, JD Scotto, CS Spence, M Campillo, AJ AF Eversole, JD Scotto, CS Spence, M Campillo, AJ BE Righini, GC Consortini, A TI Continuous bioaerosol monitoring using UV excitation fluorescence SO OPTICS FOR THE QUALITY OF LIFE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Int Commiss Opt, ICO, CNR, INOA, SPIE, Univ Studi Firenze, COST 01, European Opt Soc, IEEE LEOS, INFM, IUPAP, OSA, SIOF AB We describe an instrument developed to monitor the biological fraction of ambient aerosol. This device simultaneously sizes individual particles in an air stream, and measures their total fluorescence following excitation at 266 nm. Recent results of single blind outdoor tests carried out in Alberta, Canada are described. In these, aerosols were generated containing four different types of biological material: ova albumin, MS-2 phage, Erwinia herbicola vegetative cells and Bacillus subtilis spores. Results indicate a probability of detection. of 87% was achieved for target aerosol concentrations as low as a few (1-5) particles/liter. Absolute quantitative detection efficiencies for individual bioaerosols were at least 70%. During the tests, nonbiological aerosols were also released and found not to generate any significant fluorescent signals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eversole, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5610, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4596-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4829 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.1117/12.525515 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY17D UT WOS:000188036900253 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Gilbreath, GC Thonnard, SE Kessel, R Lucke, R Sillman, ENSCP AF Nicholas, AC Gilbreath, GC Thonnard, SE Kessel, R Lucke, R Sillman, ENSCP BE Kohnle, A Gonglewski, JD TI The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) and Modulating Retroreflector in Space (MODRAS): Combined flight experiments for the space test program SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems V CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE satellite laser ranging; optical communications; atmospheric drag ID MODEL; MIDDLE AB The Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment (ANDE) is a low cost mission proposed by the Naval Research Laboratory to demonstrate a method to monitor the thermospheric neutral density at an altitude of 400 km. The primary mission objective is to provide total neutral density along the orbit for improved orbit determination of resident space objects. The ANDE mission also serves as a test platform for a new space-to-ground optical communications technique, the Modulating Retro-reflector Array in Space (MODRAS) experiment. Both are sponsored in part by the Department of Defense Space Test Program. The mission consists of two spherical spacecraft fitted with retro-reflectors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). One spacecraft is completely passive; the other carries three active instruments; a miniature Wind And Temperature Spectrometer (WATS) to measure atmospheric composition, cross-track winds and neutral temperature; a Global Positioning Sensor (GPS); and a Thermal Monitoring System (TMS) to monitor the temperature of the sphere. A design requirement of the active satellite is to telemeter the data to the ground without external protrusions from the spherical spacecraft (i.e. an antenna). The active satellite will be fitted with the MODRAS system, which is an enabling technology for the ANDS mission. The MODRAS system consists of a set of multiple quantum well (MQW) modulating retro-reflectors coupled with an electronics package, which will telemeter data to the ground by modulating the reflected light from laser interrogation beam. This paper presents a mission overview and emphasis will be placed on the design, optical layout, performance, ground station, and science capabilities of the combined missions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4666-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4884 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.462642 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW57P UT WOS:000182447100007 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Teare, SW Andrews, JR Gilbreath, C AF Restaino, SR Teare, SW Andrews, JR Gilbreath, C BE Kohnle, A Gonglewski, JD TI Use and characterization of very large devices for adaptive optics SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems V CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; liquid crystal; phase control ID CRYSTAL PHASE MODULATOR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB The cost of adaptive optics technology is dominated by the cost of current deformable mirror technology which has a range of price going from $2K to $15K per channel: Liquid crystal technology promises to be at least a couple of orders of magnitude cheaper. Liquid crystals offer other advantages such as reliability, low power consumption and with a huge technological momentum based on a wide variety of industrial applications. In this paper-we present some preliminary characterizations of a new, large format liquid crystal device. Such devices have the potential for extremely high-resolution wave-front control due to the over 10,000 corrective elements. The results presented here consists of measurements of the phase control relationships, overall optical quality, along with the dynamic response and thermal stability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4666-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4884 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.462439 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW57P UT WOS:000182447100020 ER PT J AU Lakhtakia, A Krowne, CM AF Lakhtakia, A Krowne, CM TI Restricted equivalence of paired epsilon-negative and mu-negative layers to a negative phase-velocity material (alias left-handed material) SO OPTIK LA English DT Article DE negative real permittivity; negative real permeability; negative phase velocity; parallel; plate waveguide; perfect lens; phase velocity; Poynting vector ID PERFECT LENSES; REFRACTION; INDEX; MEDIA AB The time-harmonic electromagnetic responses of (a) a bilayer made of an epsilon-negative layer and a mu-negative layer, and (b) a single layer of a negative phase-velocity material are compared. Provided all layers are electrically thin, a restricted equivalence between (a) and (b) exists. The restricted equivalence depends on the linear polarization state and the transverse wavenumber. Implications for perfect lenses and parallel-plate waveguides are considered. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, CATMAS Grp, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lakhtakia, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, CATMAS Grp, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0030-4026 J9 OPTIK JI Optik PY 2003 VL 114 IS 7 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1078/0030-4026-00266 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 751TA UT WOS:000187082000003 ER PT J AU Wei, ZL Xiao, YX George, C Kellar, KJ Kozikowski, AP AF Wei, ZL Xiao, YX George, C Kellar, KJ Kozikowski, AP TI Functionalization of the alicyclic skeleton of epibatidine: synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding affinities of epibatidine analogues SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTINOCICEPTIVE PROPERTIES; ALKALOID EPIBATIDINE; POISON FROG; (+/-)-EPIBATIDINE; ISOMERS; AGONIST; DERIVATIVES; LIGAND; 2-AZABICYCLO<2.2.1>HEPT-5-ENE; HOMOEPIBATIDINE AB A novel method for the epimerization of endo-2-(6-chloro-3- pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one (12) on silica gel was developed and used as the key step to synthesize functionalized analogues of epibatidine which were evaluated for their nicotine receptor subtype selectivity in binding studies. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM kozikowa@uic.edu NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2003 VL 1 IS 22 BP 3878 EP 3881 DI 10.1039/b308906a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 741MZ UT WOS:000186463000004 PM 14664377 ER PT J AU Pan, YC Lu, M Peng, ZH Melinger, JS AF Pan, YC Lu, M Peng, ZH Melinger, JS TI Synthesis of light-harvesting dendrimers focally anchored with crown ethers or terpyridine ligands SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNSYMMETRICAL CONJUGATED DENDRIMERS; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; DESIGNING DENDRIMERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; MONODENDRONS AB Crown ethers and terpyridine ligands have been successfully attached to the focal point of light harvesting phenylacetylene monodendrons through Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. The structures of these functional monodendrons were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Such binding-ligand anchored dendrons exhibit broad absorption, large molar extenction coefficients and high fluoresence quantum yields. Coordination of crown ethers with alkali ions results in a significant increase in absorption strength in the UV range, but little alteration in either intensity or position of fluorescence emission. Coordination of terpyridine ligands with Ru2+, however, does efficiently quench the fluorescence from the dendrons, albeit only the smallest dendron exhibits efficient binding. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peng, ZH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM pengz@umkc.edu NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2003 VL 1 IS 24 BP 4465 EP 4470 DI 10.1039/b307507a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 750MM UT WOS:000187000400017 PM 14727642 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Ong, BC Bradley, JP AF Sekiya, JK Ong, BC Bradley, JP TI Complications in anterior cruciate ligament surgery SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TIBIAL TUNNEL PLACEMENT; PATELLA FRACTURE; RECONSTRUCTION; GRAFT; AUTOGRAFT; FIXATION AB This article discusses the common complications that frequently arise during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery and outlines various techniques that we use to rectify these problems when potential disaster presents itself. In addition, we will discuss various surgical pearls to avoid potential postoperative complications. By following these guidelines, ACL surgery can have good long-term results and return the recreational or higher-level athlete to sports participation. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Orthopaed Surg & Sports Med, Las Vegas, NV 89117 USA. Burke & Bradley Orthopaed, Pittsburgh, PA 15215 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 99 EP + AR PII S0030-5898(02)00058-5 DI 10.1016/S0030-5898(02)00058-5 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 661MC UT WOS:000181893500011 PM 12735204 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, KK Kuhn, JJ Strasnick, B AF Hoffmann, KK Kuhn, JJ Strasnick, B TI Bone cements as adjuvant techniques for ossicular chain reconstruction SO OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone cement; hydroxyapatite; dahllite; ossicular reconstruction ID OPERATIONS; ADHESIVE; ANATOMY; TORPS; PORPS AB Hypothesis: The osseointegrative capacity of medical-grade bone cement can be used to improve fixation and prevent displacement of an ossicular prosthesis in a guinea pig model. Background: Successful ossiculoplasty requires a firm connection between the vibrating tympanic membrane and the inner ear. In patients requiring revision ossiculoplasty, half of failures are due to prosthesis displacement. Bone cements have been used as prosthetic material in craniofacial surgery, and their adhesive and osseointegrative properties make them ideal for use in ossicular reconstruction. Methods: Twenty-four adult male guinea pigs underwent a postauricular surgical approach for access to the middle ear. Hydroxyapatite and Dahllite cements were used in an alternating fashion to fix ossicular bone. Four animals were killed immediately to demonstrate mechanical bonding of the ossicles at the time of application. Nineteen animals were killed 8 weeks postoperatively to assess bonding capacity and histologic inflammation. Results: Both cements mechanically bonded the ossicles at the time of application, but Dahllite cement set faster in the moist environment of the middle ear space. Histologic examination showed bonding of the ossicles with both cements, with little evidence of inflammation or foreign body reaction. Conclusions: Hydroxyapatite and Dahllite bone cements showed evidence of osseointegration with ossicular bone in the guinea pig model. Further studies are under way to determine the osseointegrative capacity of Dahllite cement between the guinea pig malleus and a partial prosthesis, and any ototoxic effects with use in the middle ear. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Strasnick, B (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol, 825 Fairfax Ave,Suite 510, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1531-7129 J9 OTOL NEUROTOL JI Otol. Neurotol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1097/00129492-200301000-00006 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 633ZF UT WOS:000180314500006 PM 12544023 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM Needham, DM Datko, JB AF McMahon, MM Needham, DM Datko, JB BE Yoo, SM Youn, HY TI Performance of a Jini-based ad hoc network authentication scheme SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems (PDCS 2003) CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE distributed computing; ad hoc networking; ad hoc security; mobile network security; Jini architecture AB Ad hoc networks provide a dynamically reconfigurable network infrastructure where entities can participate at will. Jini technology can be used to implement an ad hoc network, and to permit a user to enter the network and become a client of services without apriori knowledge of either the existence of the network or its services. However, Jini lacks. security provisions for authenticating users of the network. Traditional Public key Infrastructure (PKI) approaches to authentication in an ad hoc network are static and cumbersome. An alternative approach that employs PKI in a dynamic manner, consistent with the rapidly changing nature of ad hoc networks, can provide the basis for such ad hoc authentication. This paper presents an implementation of an algorithm that provides a foundation for secure, ad hoc joining of a distributed, mobile, wireless network. The approach is based on incorporating the use of a dynamic PKI approach with the Jini architecture. We describe the Java-based implementation of a certification authority hierarchy that supports our authentication process, and analyze the performance of our implementation. We also examine the influence of the Remote Method Invocation Daemon (RMID) in the performance of our implementation. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-48-X PY 2003 BP 442 EP 447 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX45C UT WOS:000185330200069 ER PT J AU Marchette, DJ Priebe, CE AF Marchette, DJ Priebe, CE TI Characterizing the scale dimension of a high-dimensional classification problem SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE scale dimension; classification; exploratory data analysis; interpoint distance; reduced kernel estimator; random graph; class cover; high-dimensional data; artificial nose ID RECOGNITION; SYSTEM AB Classification of high-dimensional data is inherently difficult. We present an exploratory data analysis methodology for characterizing the scale dimension of a classification problem. The idea is to characterize the support of one distinguished target class as a collection of balls covering the class, with each ball centered at an observation in that class such that the radius is maximal without containing observations from the other classes. The scale dimension is defined to be the number of distinct radii (ball sizes) required to cover the class without covering observations from the other class. A greedy algorithm is used to fit the balls. The balls then provide a description of the support of the target class, with information about the complexity of the classification problem implicit in the number, radii, adjacency and position of the balls. Clustering the balls by radius and pruning the cluster tree yields an estimate of the scale dimension for the problem. We illustrate the methodology with pedagogical simulations and a chemical sensor data analysis application. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Pattern Recognition Society. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 AR PII S0031-3202(02)00042-0 DI 10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00042-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 612XP UT WOS:000179101000005 ER PT S AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, PM BE Perales, FJ TI A new optimal classifier architecture to aviod the dimensionality curse SO PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis CY JUN 04-06, 2003 CL UNIV ILLES BALEARS, DEPT CIENCIES MATH & INFORMAT, MALLORCA, SPAIN SP MCyT, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, European Union, Conselleria Innovacio Energia HO UNIV ILLES BALEARS, DEPT CIENCIES MATH & INFORMAT ID RECOGNITION AB In paper we present the theoretical foundation for optimal classification using class-specific features and provide examples of its use. A new PDF projection theorem makes it possible to project probability density functions from a low-dimensional feature space back to the raw data space. An M-ary classifier is constructed by estimating the PDFs of class-specific features, then transforming each PDF back to the raw data space where they can be fairly compared. Although statistical sufficiency is not a requirement, the classifier thus constructed will become equivalent to the optimal Bayes classifier if the features meet sufficiency requirements individually for each class. This classifier is completely modular and avoids the dimensionality curse associated with large complex problems. By recursive application of the projection theorem, it is possible to analyze complex signal processing chains. It is possible to automate the feature and model selection process by direct comparison of log-likelihood values on the common raw data domain. Pre-tested modules are available for a wide range of features including linear functions of independent random variables, cepstrum, and MEL cepstrum. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40217-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2652 BP 70 EP 79 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX28N UT WOS:000184832300009 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Hughes, JM Lloyd, CT Mushrush, GW AF Wynne, JH Hughes, JM Lloyd, CT Mushrush, GW TI Oxidative instability of fuels: Nickel catalyzed reactions SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE middle distillate fuels; nickel; oxidation; fuel instability; metal catalysis ID ALCOHOLS AB The reactions that lead to long-term storage instability of fuels are not fully understood. Various reports in the literature link particular fuels with specific reactions, usually oxidation or free radical processes. Trace quantities of metals are present in, all processed fuels. The metal source can be naturally occurring or present from fuel handling. The usual case is to look at the reaction of the metal or metal ion with molecular oxygen or other. active oxygen species such as hydroperoxides. This article reports on the reaction of a nitrogen heterocycle, indole. We propose a mechanism that shows that catalytic amounts of nickel can produce compounds of higher molecular weight and increased polarity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geo Centers Inc, Lanham, MD USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 7-8 BP 1327 EP 1334 DI 10.1081/LFT-120018178 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 704VT UT WOS:000184361900020 ER PT J AU Steeds, JW Mora, AE Butler, JE AF Steeds, JW Mora, AE Butler, JE TI Observation of monolayer steps on {111}, Sigma=3 twin boundaries in chemically vapour-deposited polycrystalline diamond SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB A cross-section through a thick, chemically vapour-deposited polycrystalline diamond sample has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. In one region of the specimen a {111}, Sigma = 3 twin boundary was found that was almost parallel to the plane of the section. This boundary, which contained the growth direction, had a remarkable dislocation structure that has been analysed by diffraction contrast techniques and by electron diffraction experiments. It is concluded that these dislocations terminate monolayer steps on the grain boundary. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steeds, JW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2003 VL 83 IS 5 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1080/09500830310000103890 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 677FY UT WOS:000182797300002 ER PT S AU Pique, A Arnold, CB Pratap, B Auyeung, RCY Kim, HS Weir, DW AF Pique, A Arnold, CB Pratap, B Auyeung, RCY Kim, HS Weir, DW BE Pique, A Sugioka, K Herman, PR Fieret, J Bachmann, FG Dubowski, JJ Hoving, W Washio, K Geohegan, DB Trager, F Murakami, K TI Laser direct-write of metal patterns for interconnects and antennas SO PHOTON PROCESSING IN MICROELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics II CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser direct-write; laser micromachining; laser forward transfer; conformal antennas ID CIRCUIT ELEMENTS; SENSOR MATERIALS AB The use of direct-write techniques in the design and manufacture of interconnects and antennas offers some unique advantages for the development of next generation commercial and defense microelectronic systems. Using a laser forward transfer technique, we have demonstrated the ability to:rapidly prototype interconnects and various antenna designs. This laser direct-write process is compatible with a broad class of materials such as metals and electronic ceramics and its capable of depositing patterns of any of these materials over non-planar surfaces in a conformal manner. The laser direct-write process is computer controlled so as to allow any given design to be easily modified and adapted to a particular application. To illustrate the potential of this technique, examples of metal lines on laser micromachined polyimide substrates for interconnect applications, are discussed and evaluated. In addition, examples of simple planar and conformal antennas are provided to demonstrate how this technique can influence current and future microelectronic device applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6307, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4777-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4977 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1117/12.479407 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX33C UT WOS:000184964100065 ER PT J AU Halilov, SV Singh, DJ AF Halilov, SV Singh, DJ TI Lattice stability of Sr2RuO4 under pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; SPIN FLUCTUATION; TRANSITION; FERROMAGNETISM; CA2-XSRXRUO4; DISTORTIONS; PEROVSKITES; INSULATOR; RUTHENATE AB We report a density functional study of the pressure dependence of the zone-center A(g) Raman phonon modes and the zone-boundary Sigma(3) octahedral rotational mode in Sr2RuO4. We find that the octahedral rotation does not soften significantly under compression and thus will not be destabilized with moderate hydrostatic pressure. However, nonhydrostatic pressure, in particular compression in the basal plane, is found to be effective in softening the rotational mode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.012501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 642XH UT WOS:000180830400017 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Todd, MD Seaver, M Virgin, LN AF Nichols, JM Todd, MD Seaver, M Virgin, LN TI Use of chaotic excitation and attractor property analysis in structural health monitoring SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; DIMENSION; SYSTEMS AB This work explores the utility of attractor-based approaches in the field of vibration-based structural health monitoring. The technique utilizes the unique properties of chaotic signals by driving the structure directly with the output of a chaotic oscillator. Using the Kaplan-Yorke conjecture, the Lyapunov exponents of the driving signal may be tuned to the dominant eigenvalues of the structure, thus controlling the dimension of the structural response. Data are collected at various stages of structural degradation and a simple nonlinear model, constructed from the undamaged data, is used to make predictions for the damaged response data. Prediction error is then introduced as a "feature" for classifying the magnitude of the damage. Results are presented for an experimental cantilevered beam instrumented with fiber-optic strain sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 AR 016209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.016209 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 646CV UT WOS:000181018000044 ER PT J AU Arad, R Tsigutkin, K Maron, Y Fruchtman, A Huba, JD AF Arad, R Tsigutkin, K Maron, Y Fruchtman, A Huba, JD TI Observation of faster-than-diffusion magnetic field penetration into a plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID OPENING SWITCH EXPERIMENT; MAGNETOTAIL BARIUM RELEASES; LARGE-LARMOR-RADIUS; SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INSTABILITY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; INTERFEROMETER; CORONA AB Spatially and temporally resolved spectroscopic measurements of the magnetic field, electron density, and turbulent electric fields are used to study the interaction between a pulsed magnetic field and a plasma. In the configuration studied (known as a plasma opening switch) a 150 kA current of 400 ns-duration is conducted through a plasma that fills the region between two planar electrodes. The time-dependent magnetic field, determined from Zeeman splitting, is mapped in three dimensions, showing that the magnetic field propagation is faster than expected from diffusion based on the Spitzer resistivity. Moreover, the measured magnetic field profile and the amplitude of turbulent electric fields indicate that the fast penetration of the magnetic field cannot be explained by an anomalously high resistivity. On the other hand, the magnetic field is found to penetrate into the plasma at a velocity that is independent of the current-generator polarity, contradictory to the predictions of the Hall-field theory. A possible mechanism, independent of the current-generator polarity, based on the formation of small-scale density fluctuations that lead to field penetration via the Hall mechanism, is presented. It is suggested that these density fluctuations may result from the effect of the unmagnetized Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the proton plasma that undergoes a large acceleration under the influence of the magnetic field pressure. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Holon Acad Inst Technol, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arad, R (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 65 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 112 EP 125 DI 10.1063/1.1527630 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632ZB UT WOS:000180253800014 ER PT J AU Sternovsky, Z Robertson, S Lampe, M AF Sternovsky, Z Robertson, S Lampe, M TI The contribution of charge exchange ions to cylindrical Langmuir probe current SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS AB A theory for the collection of ion current by cylindrical Langmuir probes is presented which includes the effect of charge exchange collisions. These collisions replace ions accelerated into the probe sheath with slower ions having a much greater probability of collection, thus increasing the probe current. The probe ion current increase is obtained from the volume integral of the charge exchange rate weighted by the collection probability. The increase is significant even for plasma with a mean free path of similar to10(3) Debye lengths. The validity of the model is verified experimentally in an Ar plasma of density similar to10(7) cm(-3) created with a hot cathode discharge. The plasma density measured by microwaves is held constant as the pressure and collision frequency are varied. The charge exchange current, obtained by subtracting the calculated orbit-motion-limited current from the measured net ion current, increases nearly linearly with probe bias and with neutral gas pressure. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sternovsky, Z (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI STERNOVSKY, ZOLTAN/0000-0002-9658-1350 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1063/1.1529661 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632ZB UT WOS:000180253800035 ER PT S AU Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D AF Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D BE Long, AR Davies, JH TI Magneto-optical spectroscopy of single trions SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; CHARGED EXCITONS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FINE-STRUCTURE; DOTS; GAAS; MAGNETOEXCITONS; EMISSION AB We present distinctive signatures in the magneto-optical spectra of singly charged and undoped quantum dots. The energy splittings of the spin states in the Faraday geometry mainly depend on the z component of the electron and hole g-factors and to a lesser extent on the exchange energies. In a tilted magnetic field we observe mixtures of the bright and dark transitions, which provide information on the in-plane g-factors, as well as exchange energies. In contrast to the exciton, the trion singlet state contains no exchange energy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0924-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 VL 171 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BAN32 UT WOS:000222945600027 ER PT J AU Maslowski, W Lipscomb, WH AF Maslowski, W Lipscomb, WH TI High resolution simulations of Arctic sea ice, 1979-1993 SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sea Ice Extent and the Global Climate System CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP World Climate Res Programme, Artic Climate Syst Study, World Climate Res Programme, Climate & Cryosphere Projects ID THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; OCEAN; MODEL AB To evaluate improvements in modelling Arctic sea ice, we compare results from two regional models at 1/12degrees horizontal resolution. The first is a coupled ice-ocean model of the Arctic Ocean, consisting of an ocean model (adapted from the Parallel Ocean Program, Los Alamos National Laboratory [LANL]) and the "old" sea ice model. The second model uses the same grid but consists of an improved "new" sea ice model (LANL/ CICE) with a simple ocean mixed layer. Both models are forced with European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data for 1979-1993. A comparison of the two sea ice models focuses on the winter of 1987 to emphasize the internal ice stress and to minimize biases towards a particular Arctic climate regime. The "new" sea ice model gives improved ice deformation and drift fields. These improvements are associated at least in part with the multi-category representation of the ice thickness distribution and more realistic parameterization of the ice strength. Long, narrow features in ice divergence and shear fields resemble those observed in SAR imagery, except that their average width is overestimated, possibly due to insufficient horizontal resolution. We also compare the mean sea ice drift and its decadal variability in two "old" sea ice models at different horizontal resolutions: 18-km and 9-km. We find no significant change in ice drift between the two models, except in areas of significant ice-ocean interactions due to more realistic ocean currents and water mass properties in the 9-km model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, T3 Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maslowsk@nps.nayy.mil NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 7 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00097.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 696WB UT WOS:000183909600010 ER PT S AU Elias, NM AF Elias, NM BE Fineschi, S TI Optical interferometric polarimetry SO POLARIMETRY IN ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarimetry in Astronomy CY AUG 25-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE classical optical interferometry (OIC); optical polarimetry; optical interferometric polarimetry; (OIP) ID STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY AB In this paper, I discuss the need for optical interferometric-polarimetry and demonstrate that it is possible with-existing technology. Coherent averaging (a reference channel correcting the phase of a signal channel) is required; it may be accomplished simply with the addition of a non-polarizing beam splitter after the beam combiner. I define three observables and their corresponding output vectors. One vector is identical to the normalized Stokes vector obtained from classical polarimetry, while the other two are related to the Stokes visibility vector. Calibration of the instrument requires only separate zero-spacing observations of calibrator stars on each of the individual arms - no interferometric measurements are necessary. For a large class of objects, it is possible to create images in all Stokes parameters with a single variable-length baseline. C1 USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Elias, NM (reprint author), USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4622-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4843 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.458613 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW39A UT WOS:000181847200014 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Liu, CT TI Microstructural effects on damage behaviour in particle reinforced composites SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; FAILURE; GROWTH AB This paper discusses the effects of non-uniform, random particle distribution on damage initiation and growth, leading to short cracks and breakage of particle reinforced composite specimens. A multi-scale technique was employed to model and simulate damage. Damage was described at the constituent material level (i.e. micro-level) and the results were compared qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observation. Both results agreed well. Non-uniform, random particle distribution yielded sporadic crack initiation and growth within a uniform tensile specimen. No local crack propagated beyond a certain size. Breakage of the specimens was not caused by the continuous growth of a single critical crack. Instead, coalescence of neighbouring sporadic short cracks resulted in breakage of the specimens. Computer simulation indicated that random particle distribution affected the strength of the composite significantly, but as expected, not its effective stiffness. However, if there was a pre-existing crack in the specimen before loading, the effect of the random particle distribution on the initial crack and the strength of the composite was almost negligible. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Res Lab, OL AC, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY SY4 4NR, SHROPS, ENGLAND SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 639RL UT WOS:000180643000001 ER PT J AU Werking, RH AF Werking, RH TI Vessels and voyagers: Some thoughts on reading and writing, books and libraries SO PORTAL-LIBRARIES AND THE ACADEMY LA English DT Article AB This travelogue is intended as a reminder of certain fundamental matters specified or implied in the title. Readers will quickly discern that it was written for oral presentation; that tone is retained here intentionally. An earlier version of the essay was delivered as the keynote address at the third annual Timberline Acquisitions Institute, Mt. Hood, Oregon, in May 2002. It was dedicated to the memory of Kathryn A. Soupiset, the author's colleague and friend, who was the longtime Head of Acquisitions at Trinity University. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Werking, RH (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 1531-2542 J9 PORTAL-LIBR ACAD JI Portal-Libr. Acad PD JAN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1353/pla.2003.0024 PG 12 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 645VP UT WOS:000181000900002 ER PT B AU Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG AF Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG BE Marquis, FDS TI Hydrogen sorption properties of Mg-x wt.% Mm alloys SO POWDER MATERIALS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Powder Materials - Current Research and Industrial Practices III held at the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP TMS Powder Mat Comm DE pressure-composition isotherms; exponential peeling; magnesium-misch metal hydride; hydrogen storage characteristics; ball-milling ID METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; DESORPTION-KINETICS; MG2NI ALLOY; SYSTEM; LANI5 AB Mg-x wt.% Mm alloys are synthesized using the ball-milling technique and their hydrogen storage capacities, absorption/desorption kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters are quantified. The analysis of kinetic properties of the alloys based on the method of exponential peeling shows that their hydriding and dehydriding processes are strongly dependent on the reaction time and temperature. The hydrogen desorption activation energy of Mg-x wt.% Mm hydride is much lower than that of MgH2 and the increased concentration of misch metal in the samples has an adverse effect on their hydrogen storage capacity and their reaction rate. The pressure-composition-isotherm (P-C-T) plots of the samples indicate that the increase of the concentration of the misch metal's rare earths leads to an increase of the hydrogen equilibrium pressure and decrease of hydrogen storage capacity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-563-8 PY 2003 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY44V UT WOS:000189295600010 ER PT B AU Lewis, D Imam, MA Bruce, RW Kurihara, LK Fliflet, AW Gold, SH AF Lewis, D Imam, MA Bruce, RW Kurihara, LK Fliflet, AW Gold, SH BE Marquis, FDS TI Production of nanophase metals via the continuous microwave polyol process SO POWDER MATERIALS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Powder Materials - Current Research and Industrial Practices III held at the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP TMS Powder Mat Comm ID ALUMINA COMPACTS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; IRRADIATION; AG AB The polyol process, in which an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol is used to reduce a metal salt to the metal, has been used for about a decade in production of nanophase metals and mixtures of such metals. The process, which is typically operated as a reflux system with the solvent boiling and condensing, has been demonstrated to be capable of producing a great variety of fine metal powders, with particle size down to 1-10 nm, and with intrinsic protection of the fine metal particles from oxidation. However, the conventional process is a batch process that is intrinsically limited in size and production rate and also has some problems with reproducibility of product quality and variability of product within a batch. The authors have developed a continuous polyol process, where the solvent and precursors are fed continuously through a microwave system, on which several patents are being pursued. Commercialization of this process could permit production of nanophase metal powders on large scales at affordable costs for a variety of applications. In this continuous microwave process, much higher production rates can be achieved relative to the conventional batch process, and the process is readily scaleable without significant changes in product quality. In addition, the process, by virtue of its continuous, steady state nature, provides much more consistent product quality than the batch process, and also provides a narrower size distribution in the product. A significant advantage of the continuous microwave polyol process is that it can be operated at pressures well over atmospheric, thus suppressing boiling and eliminating process variability associated with the reflux system. Suppression of boiling through overpressure also permits operation of the process at higher temperature, increasing reaction rates and permitting higher throughputs and greater production rates. The continuous process can be used to produce single-phase metals or various combination or mixtures of metals. This process, its various permutations and economics are described here together with some of the various materials produced by the process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lewis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-563-8 PY 2003 BP 157 EP 167 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY44V UT WOS:000189295600016 ER PT B AU Terry, RE Apruzese, JP AF Terry, RE Apruzese, JP BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Low wire count loads SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Energetic implosions, using two or three load wires to create a focused axial stagnation of dense wire cores amidst the assembled precursor plasma, are examined with respect to the trade between the implosion mass lost to precursor ablation and the mass or kinetic energy available at stagnation.-The calculated kinetic energy at stagnation serves as measure for the output x-radiation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terry, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277656 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000007 ER PT B AU Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ AF Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Plasma-filled diode for high dose-rate bremsstrahlung SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A plasma-filled diode (PFD) can produce high dose-rate (>2x 10(12) rad/s) bremsstrahlung over small areas (100 cm(2)) on the Saturn generator at Sandia. A PFD was developed for this purpose using the Gamble II generator at NRL. The maximum dose-rate was obtained with a conduction time of 40 ns, after which the voltage increased to 1.8 W and the total current in the diode was 0.5 MA. The 3.6-Ohm maximum impedance is the same as for a hypothetical vacuum diode with an AK gap of 0.6 nun. The x-ray pulse width (FWHM) was 8 ns, much less than the typical 50 ns FWHM with a vacuum diode. This PFD was adapted to the higher-current (6-8 MA) Saturn generator by making a 10-cm diameter circular array of 6-12 isolated PFDs. Higher dose rates were obtained using fewer PFDs; about 1x10(12) rad/s with the 12-PFD array, 2x 10(12) with 9 PFDs and 4x 10(12) with 6 PFDs. Analyses based on electrical and radiation diagnostics indicate that 40-75% of the electrical current produces radiation at the time of maximum dose rate. The x-ray pulse width was typically 12-15 ns, about half of the pulse width for standard (vacuum) bremsstrahlung diodes on Saturn. This system, with improvements in reproducibility at high dose rate, could provide a high dose-rate, small-area testing capability for Saturn. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000044 ER PT B AU Commisso, RJ Allen, RJ Boller, JR Cooperstein, G Fisher, RC Hinshelwood, DD Holt, TA Murphy, DP Neri, JM Ottinger, PF Phipps, DG Schumer, JW Stoltz, O Childers, K Bailey, V Creely, D Drury, S Johnson, DL Kishi, J Klatt, M Nishimoto, H Smith, I Hoppe, P Bluhm, HJ AF Commisso, RJ Allen, RJ Boller, JR Cooperstein, G Fisher, RC Hinshelwood, DD Holt, TA Murphy, DP Neri, JM Ottinger, PF Phipps, DG Schumer, JW Stoltz, O Childers, K Bailey, V Creely, D Drury, S Johnson, DL Kishi, J Klatt, M Nishimoto, H Smith, I Hoppe, P Bluhm, HJ BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Status of the mercury pulsed-power generator, a 6-MV, 360-KA, magnetically-insulated inductive voltage adder SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Mercury is a nominal 6-MV, 360-kA, 2.2-TW magnetically-insulated inductive voltage adder that is being assembled at the Naval Research Laboratory. Mercury, originally known as KALIF-HELA, was located at the Forschungszentrum in Karlsruhe, Germany. Once assembled, Mercury will be used as a testbed for development of high-power electron- and ion-beam diodes. Applications include source development for high-resolution flash radiography, nuclear weapons effects simulation, and particle-beam transport research. This paper highlights the progress of the Mercury assembly and supporting activities, including modifications from the original design, circuit modeling to optimize the Mercury circuit, power-flow simulations to understand and optimize Mercury power flow and load coupling, and MITL theory and modeling to develop a transmission-line code capability for modeling transient effects in MITLs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000084 ER PT B AU Commisso, RJ Young, FC Allen, RJ Mosher, D Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Oliver, BV Rose, DV Rovang, D Johnson, DL Maenchen, J Prestwich, K AF Commisso, RJ Young, FC Allen, RJ Mosher, D Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Oliver, BV Rose, DV Rovang, D Johnson, DL Maenchen, J Prestwich, K BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Overview of the 6-MV, rod-pinch experiment on ASTERIX SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID PARTICLE-IN-CELL; 4 MV; RADIOGRAPHY; DIODE AB This work presents the highlights of high-voltage, positive-polarity experiments on the ASTERIX generator characterizing the rod-pinch diode at up to 6 MV as a source for high-resolution, flash radiography. The paper reviews experimental results and analyses including conversion of ASTERIX to positive polarity, rod-pinch electrical and radiation characteristics, comparisons to numerical simulation, and composite rod-pinch performance. A minimum LANL source diameter of 1.32 mm with a dose of 23.7 rad(air) at 1 m was achieved at a peak voltage of 5.9 MV, leading to a radiographic figure-of-merit of 13.6 rad(Si)/mm(2). The results demonstrate the utility of the rod pinch for high-power pulsed radiography at up to 6 MV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys DIv, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys DIv, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000106 ER PT B AU Swanekamp, SB Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Young, FC Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Oliver, BV Rose, DV Maenchen, J AF Swanekamp, SB Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Young, FC Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Oliver, BV Rose, DV Maenchen, J BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Angular dose variations from 4-to 6-MV rod-pinch diode experiments on the asterix pulsed-power generator SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID TRANSPORT AB The angular distribution of radiation from a rod-pinch diode is examined with coupled PIC-Monte-Carlo simulations using the LSP code[l] and compared with angular dose measurements on the ASTERIX pulsed-power generator. For the 4- to 6-MV voltage range accessible in the experiments, both the measured and simulated doses at 1 m were 25 to 38 rad-LiF in the forward direction (0degrees). The calculated dose at 900 is 1.2-1.8 times larger than the forward-directed dose depending on both the voltage and rod diameter. This is also in agreement with the measured angular variation[2]. At 6 MV, the simulations show that the dose near 180degrees is more than twice the forward-directed dose. At these high voltages, electrons approach the anode rod primarily at angles close to 180degrees resulting in peak radiation in the backward direction. This suggests that negative polarity should be considered for voltages at or above 6 MV to maximize the extracted dose. Simulations show that the 0degrees dose is higher with tapered rods and increases with rod diameter. Simulations at 10 MV show that the dose near 180degrees is more than ten times higher than the 0degrees dose. At 10 M-V, the dose near 180degrees at I m from a 2-mm diameter, blunt rod is calculated to be similar to800 Rad (LiF). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000107 ER PT B AU Hinshelwood, DD Ponce, DM Mosher, D Murphy, DP Schumer, JW Strasburg, SD Weber, BV AF Hinshelwood, DD Ponce, DM Mosher, D Murphy, DP Schumer, JW Strasburg, SD Weber, BV BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Electron-beam transport studies for radiographic applications SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID INTERFEROMETER AB We have measured electron-beam-produced gas ionization in a paraxial-diode gas cell, using three different interferometric arrangements. We have also measured the beam net current at the channel wall. In the range of tens of kA/cm(2) and 0.3-5 Torr, the electron density is in the 10(17) cm(-3) range, scaling strongly with beam current density and sub-linearly with pressure. The fractional net current ranges from 20-40%. We are developing a rate-equation ionization model whose results are consistent with these measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hinshelwood, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6773, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 491 EP 494 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000109 ER PT B AU Ponce, DM Phipps, D Hinshelwood, DD Weber, BV AF Ponce, DM Phipps, D Hinshelwood, DD Weber, BV BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Space- and time-resolved interferometry of plasma-filled rod-pinch diodes SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID POWER AB This paper presents results from interferometric diagnosis of plasma dynamics in a plasma-filled rod-pinch diode (PFRP) on GAMBLE II at NRL, with diode voltages and currents of 1 MV and 600 kA respectively. A high sensitivity interferometer shows the time history of the prefill plasma moving past the anode tip propelled by a (J) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow snowplow. Images from a 2-D holographic interferometer show the gun plasma MHD evolution and show the anode tip explode after the start of the x-ray pulse. The results of these studies will be used as experimental benchmarks in the theoretical studies of the PFRP. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ponce, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000111 ER PT B AU Mosher, D Schumer, JW Weber, BV Ponce, D AF Mosher, D Schumer, JW Weber, BV Ponce, D BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Electrode-expansion MHD in a plasma-filled rod pinch SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DIODE; RADIOGRAPHY AB The Gamble II plasma-filled rod pinch (PFRP) produces an order-of-magnitude higher x-ray dose and smaller FWHM source size than achieved with a vacuum rod pinch. Intense electron deposition at the tip produces a high-energy-density expanding-tungsten plasma, the bremsstrahlung from which creates a low-intensity halo around the source core that increases the effective source size for some applications. The plasma motion has been measured with a holographic interferometer. Using the distribution of electron deposition derived from line-spread measurements, the observations are compared with zero-and one-dimensional self-similar MHD modeling of the plasma motion. Results demonstrate that magnetic-field and ohmic-heating effects during electron deposition are important to understanding PFRP dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 503 EP 506 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000112 ER PT B AU Schumer, JW Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Offinger, PF AF Schumer, JW Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Offinger, PF BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Coupling power flow from the mercury MIVA into a rod-pinch diode SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Mercury machine at NRL, formerly known as KALIF-HELIA [1] at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany), is a magnetically-insulated inductive voltage adder (MIVA), nominally delivering a 50-ns, 6-MV, 360-kA, 2.2-TW power pulse into a 16-Omega load [2,3,4]. Mercury is capable of operating in both positive and negative polarities with little penalty in pulsed-power output. Polarity reversal is achieved by insertion of the tapered center conductor into the opposite end of the MIVA. In this work, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations [5,6] are used to investigate the power flow within the magnetically-insulated transmission line (MITL) in both polarities. Of particular importance is the efficiency of operation when an over-matched 5042 rod-pinch-diode load is couple to the MITL, operated in either positive [7] or negative [8] polarity. Such a diode is used for radiographic applications because of the small, high brightness radiation source produced by the electron pinch at the end of the diode's anode rod [9]. Simple positive and negative polarity diode geometries are studied in preparation for initial rod-pinch diode experiments on Mercury. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 837 EP 840 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277939 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000186 ER PT B AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ AF Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Modeling magnetically insulated power flow in mercury SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Mercury is a 50-ns, 6-MV, 360-kA accelerator with a magnetically-insulated, inductive-voltage-adder (MIVA) architecture. The machine was formerly known as KALIF-HELIA[1] at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany but now, with some minor modifications[2], will be sited at NRL. Mercury can be operated in either positive or negative polarity[2-4]. Voltage is added in vacuum along a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) from six voltage adder cells. Understanding power flow and coupling to a load in this geometry requires the application of MITI, theory[5-8]. Because the electric field stresses on the cathode in the MITL exceed the vacuum explosive-emission threshold, electron emission occurs and current flow is divided between current flowing in the metal and in vacuum electron flow. This electron flow manifests itself as a loss current until the total current is large enough to magnetically insulate the emitted electrons from crossing the anode-cathode (AK) gap. Once insulated, the electrons flow axially toward the load as illustrated in Fig. 1. In particular, electron emission and flow along the MITL alters the impedance along the line and, thus, the power flow coupling between the machine and the load. The effective impedance is best described by the flow impedance, which is a function of both the geometry and the voltage. When electrons are emitted from regions having different voltages, such as in the adders or at different locations along the MITL itself, layered flow occurs, further complicating the picture. Analysis of power flow in this complex geometry is underway to understand the past performance of KALIF-HELIA and to assist in optimizing the future performance of Mercury in both polarities and for various load configurations[3,4]. The goal of this work is to develop physics-based MITL circuit-element models for the NRL transmission line code BERTHA[9] to properly treat power flow in the vacuum section of Mercury while modeling the full machine. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 849 EP 852 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277942 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000189 ER PT B AU Allen, RJ Cooperstein, G Young, FC Schumer, JW Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Holmberg, D Mitchell, SE AF Allen, RJ Cooperstein, G Young, FC Schumer, JW Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Holmberg, D Mitchell, SE BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Characterization and optimization of a compact, 1-MV, 6-Ka radiography source SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Hybrid Radiation Source (HRS) is a compact pulsed power generator consisting of a commercial flash x-ray system that has been retrofit with a custom front-end assembly, replacing a sealed glass tube. The HRS diode hardware consists of a tapered tungsten anode extended through an annular stainless steel cathode. The HRS has been successfully fielded, however, some source parameters, such as voltage, current, and source size, were not known. These parameters as well as the dose have now been measured with an array of diagnostics. Also, a circuit model has been developed to enable optimization and analysis of the complete system. The source size has been dramatically reduced by using a 1-mm-OD tapered anode. Anode heating has been shown to mitigate anode disintegration, allowing for multiple shots on a 1-mm-OD anode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 883 EP 886 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277951 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000198 ER PT B AU Allen, RJ Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ Schumer, JW Holt, TA Hoppe, P Smith, I Johnson, DL AF Allen, RJ Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ Schumer, JW Holt, TA Hoppe, P Smith, I Johnson, DL BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Electrical modeling of mercury for optimal machine design and performance estimation SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Mercury is a new pulsed-power generator at NRL, having been transferred from FZK (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany) where it was known as KALIF-HELIA[1,2]. Mercury is an MIVA (magnetically-insulated inductive voltage adder) designed to produce 50-ns pulses with load voltages up to 6 MV at a current of 360 kA and deliver 100-kJ of energy to the load[3]. The inductive and resistive components connecting the Marx bank and the intermediate stores have been reconfigured to fit into one "machine tank" and to improve energy transfer, allowing for a reduced Marx charge voltage. A detailed circuit model was developed for Mercury based on an earlier model for KALIF-HELIA and updated to include new information and data from FZK. Circuit element values for the MIVA and the load were determined through PIC simulations. Good agreement between measured and calculated current and voltage peaks was found using the model fed by voltage signals measured upstream of the MIVA on KALIF-HELIA. Detailed modeling has shown that the original design parameters of the machine can be met at NRL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277952 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000199 ER PT B AU Murphy, DP Weber, BV Allen, RJ Cooperstein, G Young, FC AF Murphy, DP Weber, BV Allen, RJ Cooperstein, G Young, FC BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Mitigation of background EMI, mechanical and acoustic effects from the Gamble II pulsed power generator SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Gamble II accelerator can be used with several diode configurations to provide a diverse x-ray spectrum to different test packages. For example, in Bremsstrahlung mode, the Gamble II accelerator typically injects a 600-700 kA, 1.2-1.4 MV electron beam into a tantalum x-ray converter to produce x-ray Bremsstrahlung. However, along with the radiation flux, the test package may be subjected to unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI) or mechanical and acoustic effects that can confuse the test results. Most of the EMI and mechanical effects are generated in the power conditioning sections of Gamble II. We have undertaken a series of measurements using calibrated RF antennas and accelerometers to find the sources of EMI and mechanical effects. These measurements will be used to design upgrades to the pulsed power system that will minimize any detrimental impact on the test packages. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murphy, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 891 EP 894 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000200 ER PT B AU Cooperstein, G Swanekamp, SB Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ AF Cooperstein, G Swanekamp, SB Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Considerations of rod-pinch diode operation in negative polarity for radiography SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Negative polarity diode geometries are investigated from 2 - 10 MV with 2D PIC simulations for application to radiography. Rod-pinch (RP) diodes with non-reentrant blunt tip anodes (anode does not pass through a cathode aperture) are investigated and compared to self-magnetically-pinched (SMP) diodes with similar geometries. At lower voltages, reentrant RP geometries are needed so that the space-charge-limited (SCL) current will exceed the critical current. Once self-pinching is achieved, the electron flow patterns in both types of diodes are similar, but it is speculated that RP diodes will maintain their small spot size for the duration of the pulse. At higher voltage, negative polarity non-reentrant RP designs can take advantage of smaller spot sizes, larger forward-going dose, reduced ion losses, and resistance to gap closure by decoupling the spot from the diode impedance. Reduced ion currents increase the electron current on the high-Z target which could increase the dose by about 40% compared to a positive polarity RP geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooperstein, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 975 EP 978 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277974 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000221 ER PT B AU Young, FC Commisso, RJ Allen, RJ Mosher, D Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Oliver, BV Rose, DV Rovang, D Maenchen, J AF Young, FC Commisso, RJ Allen, RJ Mosher, D Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Oliver, BV Rose, DV Rovang, D Maenchen, J BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Radiographic results for the rod-pinch diode scaled up to 6 MV SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The rod-pinch diode is evaluated as a pulsed radiographic source for diode voltages up to 6 MV on the ASTERIX generator. Peak currents of 105 to 135 kA are delivered to the diode for peak voltages of 5.2 to 6.3 MV. The diode couples efficiently to the generator for 1.6-, 2.0-, and 3.0-mm diameter tungsten (or gold) anode rods producing a 40-ns radiation pulse. The coupling is degraded if the anode-cathode gap (R-c-R-A) is too small (7.5 mm), if the anode rod extension is too short (10 mm), or if the aspect ratio R-C/R-A is too large (20). For the standard anodes considered here, the figure-of-merit (FOM) is largest [11 rad(air)/mm(2)] for a 1.6-mm diameter anode, corresponding to an on-axis (0degrees) dose of 28 rad(air) at 1 meter from the source and a 1.55-mm source diameter (LANL measure). For a 2-mm diameter anode, the largest FOM [9.2 rad(air)/mm(2)] is obtained for a 1.95-mm source diameter and a 35-rad(air) dose. Blunt-end anodes have larger on-axis source diameters and smaller FOMs than tapered-tip anodes. Measured angular distributions indicate that the dose increases monotonically from 0degrees to 80degrees by a factor of 1.6 to 1.8 and suggest that the electron distribution incident on the anode rod peaks at a large angle from the forward direction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Young, FC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 979 EP 982 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277975 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000222 ER PT B AU Mosher, D Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Swanekamp, SB Young, FC Cooperstein, G Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Oliver, B Rose, DV Rovang, D Maenchen, J AF Mosher, D Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Swanekamp, SB Young, FC Cooperstein, G Vermare, C Delvaux, J Horde, Y Merle, E Nicolas, R Nore, D Pierret, O Rosol, YR Tailleur, Y Veron, L Bayol, F Garrigues, A Delbos, C Nicot, G Oliver, B Rose, DV Rovang, D Maenchen, J BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Characterization of composite rod-pinch-diode radiographic sources at 5 to 6 MV on Asterix SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Composite-rod-pinch loads on Asterix consisting of hollow aluminum tubes supporting either 1-cm-long, 1-mm-diam blunt-end or tapered gold slugs, or 1.5- to 2-min-diam gold spheres are characterized. Composite-slug loads have slightly-lower doses than the 1.6- or 2-mm-diam standard rod pinches reported elsewhere and smaller spot sizes, leading to higher measured radiographic figures-of-merit (FOM). The FOM for the gold-sphere loads is substantially-smaller than for the slug loads. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277976 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000223 ER PT B AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Strasburg, S Swanekamp, SB Oliver, BV AF Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Strasburg, S Swanekamp, SB Oliver, BV BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Vlasov model for the impedance of a rod-pinch diode SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The rod-pinch diode[ 1,2] is a cylindrical, pinched-beam diode being developed as a radiography source[3]. The diode consists of a small radius anode rod extending through the hole of an annular cathode. The diode has been operated at 1 to 5 MV with an impedance of 20 to 50 Omega, a FWHM pulse width of 20 to 50 ns, and an anode radius as small as 0.25 cm[1-3]. The diode is designed to run at critical current so that electrons emitted from the cathode flow axially along the anode rod and pinch radially onto the rod tip. Typically, ion emission from the anode is required for propagation of the pinch along the rod. Without ions, the pinch would occur on the anode rod just downstream of the cathode disk. In order to assure that a given diode will be properly designed to run at critical current requires a detailed knowledge of the diode impedance characteristics. Initially, a laminar flow model[4] was developed to describe the rod-pinch diode. Although this model provides considerable insight into diode operation, PIC simulations show that the electron flow is not laminar[2]. The model of [4] was extended to include transverse electron pressure in order to consider the effects of nonlaminar flow[5]. However, a form for the transverse pressure tensor is required to close the equation set in this model and only special forms of the pressure tensor are analytically tractable. Here, a Vlasov model for the diode electron flow is developed using an electron distribution function with properties that are well characterized and directly related to a rod-pinch diode. In this model, the pressure tensor is self-consistently derived. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 987 EP 990 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277977 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000224 ER PT B AU Strasburg, S Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF AF Strasburg, S Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Strongly-perturbed non-equilibrium gas physics model for the paraxial diode transport cell SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Intense short-pulse charged-particle beams-those with tens or hundreds of kA/cm(2) and beam risetimes less than 100 ns- can disturb the background gas so severely that not only are diatomic molecules ionized, but molecules may be dissociated and the product atoms themselves multiply ionized. Such beam-background systems are generally far from temperature and species equilibrium. The plasma conductivity a, which is determined by the degree of ionization and the species temperatures, strongly influences the beam behavior through the plasma return current. Thus, simultaneously and self-consistently solving for both a and the beam propagation is essential for a correct description of the system behavior. A plasma physics model with advanced gas chemistry has been developed and incorporated into the simulation code LSP to help meet this objective. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strasburg, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 991 EP 994 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277978 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000225 ER PT B AU Myers, MC Friedman, M Hegeler, F Wolford, M Swanekamp, SB Sethian, JD AF Myers, MC Friedman, M Hegeler, F Wolford, M Swanekamp, SB Sethian, JD BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Measurements of improved cathode performance using a ceramic honeycomb secondary emitter SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID ELECTRON-BEAM AB Experiments carried out on the Electra Laser main amplifier (500 kV, 100 kA, 100 ns, 5 Hz) show that inserting a slab of ceramic honeycomb in front of a large area cathode (2600 cm(2)) improves the electron beam emission uniformity, decreases the beam current rise and fall times, and maintains a more constant diode impedance. A more robust cathode that starts to emit at a higher electric field without a degradation in uniformity is achieved by using carbon fiber as the primary emitter. These qualities, the simplicity of design, and the low cost make the ceramic honeycomb cathode an interesting candidate for long lifetime use in the krypton-fluoride lasers proposed for inertial fusion energy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myers, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1014 EP 1017 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277984 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000231 ER PT B AU Peterkin, FE Stevens, JL Sharrow, JF Pitman, RK AF Peterkin, FE Stevens, JL Sharrow, JF Pitman, RK BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI High voltage breakdown strength of rapid prototype materials SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We report measurements on the breakdown strength of plastics used in stereo lithography for rapid prototyping. Three epoxy-based photopolymer resins commonly used for stereo lithography were the focus of this work. Test samples were manufactured with an electrically smooth geometry to minimize field enhancements. The thickness of the stressed region in the samples was nominally I or 2 mm. Samples were tested to failure by applying a ramped and held voltage pulse at discrete levels up to a maximum of 240 kV. We confirmed the uniform field distribution of the sample geometry with electrostatic modeling and calculated the electric field stress at failure as a simple voltage/thickness ratio. These results are compared with values obtained for several typical materials often used in high voltage applications (acrylic, nylon, etc.). We find that the failure threshold for the SLA materials can be a factor of 2-3 below that of the standard materials. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Peterkin, FE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B20,Bldg 1470, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1025 EP 1028 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277986 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000233 ER PT B AU Neri, JM Kim, JS AF Neri, JM Kim, JS BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Initial operation, modeling and optimization of a low-velocity augmented railgun SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID GUN AB An electromagnetic launcher is being studied for ejection of 350-g projectiles at velocities of up to 140 m/s. The electromagnetic approach is desirable because of the variable ejection velocity, high payload fraction, and lack of pyrotechnics. The low velocity of the projectile allows the use of low-voltage, solid-state switching in the pulsed power, but makes obtaining high-efficiency more difficult. The launcher is a 4.5-cm square bore, 80-cm long fully augmented system, with copper inner rails and aluminum augmenting rails. The launcher is driven by 2, 5000 muF, 5 kV capacitor banks, with a thyristor switch and diode crowbar for each bank. The banks are connected to the launcher with copper buswork. The diagnostics include the current in each bank, B-dot probes for the position of the projectile, a laser time-of-flight velocity measurement at the muzzle and the armature voltage, measured from the muzzle. The armature voltage measurement requires substantial corrections to remove the induced voltages from the augmenting and armature fields. The projectile is a Delrin body with aluminum alloy 1100 wires as the armature. Six to ten, 0.32-cm diameter wires are used. The wires run through the projectile in separate holes, then are bent into a staple shape in grooves along the sides of the projectile. The wires are then sanded to obtain a flat surface for contact to the rails. The JxB forces that propel the projectile forward also force the wire sides into the rails to maintain good electrical contact. The design goals of 350-g and 140 m/s are achieved, but at an overall electrical efficiency of only 7%. The electrical parameters of the various circuit elements are measured, and the early-time skin resistances of several elements lead to the low efficiency. Reconfiguring these elements to have lower early time resistance is predicted to improve the efficiency to the 15% range. Results of circuit measurements and models will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neri, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278004 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000251 ER PT S AU Newman, RE Moskowitz, IS Syverson, P Serjantov, A AF Newman, RE Moskowitz, IS Syverson, P Serjantov, A BE Dingledine, R TI Metrics for traffic analysis prevention SO PRIVACY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET 2003) CY MAR 26-28, 2003 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP Microsoft Europe, MITACS AB This paper considers systems for Traffic Analysis Prevention (TAP) in a theoretical model. It considers TAP based on padding and rerouting of messages and describes the effects each has on the difference between the actual and the observed traffic matrix (TM). The paper introduces an entropy-based approach to the amount of uncertainty a global passive adversary has in determining the actual TM, or alternatively, the probability that the actual TM has a property of interest. Unlike previous work, the focus is on determining the overall amount of anonymity a TAP system can provide, or the amount it can provide for a given cost in padding and rerouting, rather than on the amount of protection afforded particular communications. C1 Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB3 0FD, England. RP Newman, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM nemo@cise.ufl.edu; moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil; Andrei.Serjantov@cl.cam.ac.uk NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-20610-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2760 BP 48 EP 65 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY58R UT WOS:000189414800004 ER PT S AU Purdy, RE Wilkerson, MK Hughson, RL Norsk, P Watenpaugh, DE AF Purdy, RE Wilkerson, MK Hughson, RL Norsk, P Watenpaugh, DE BE Buxton, ILO TI The cardiovascular system in microgravity: Symposium summary SO PROCEEDING OF THE FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WESTERN PHARMACOLOGY SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WESTERN PHARMACOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Western-Pharmacology-Society CY FEB 02-06, 2003 CL S LAKE TAHOE, NV SP Western Pharmacol Soc, Centocor, Roche, NASA, Aptus Consulting, Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Amer Heart Assoc ID HEAD-DOWN-TILT; SHORT-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; SYMPATHETIC-NERVE ACTIVITY; BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; RAT ABDOMINAL-AORTA; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; BED-REST; ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; VASCULAR-RESISTANCE C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pharmacol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Univ Waterloo, Cardioresp & Vasc Dynam Lab, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Vermont, Dept Pharmacol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Purdy, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pharmacol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN PHARMACOLOGY SOC DEPT PHARMACOLOGY PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA SN 0083-8969 J9 P W PHARMACOL SOC JI Proc.West.Pharmacol.Soc. PY 2003 VL 46 BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology GA BY19H UT WOS:000188172900004 PM 14699877 ER PT B AU Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP AF Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP BE Kurokawa, K Kazmerski, LL McNelis, B Yamaguchi, M Wronski, C Sinke, WC TI High energy proton degradation in GaAs solar cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF 3RD WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, VOLS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion CY MAY 11-18, 2003 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP WCPEC-3 Org Comm, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci, Chem Soc Japan, Japan Sect Int Solar Energy Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Solar Energy Soc ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DAMAGE; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIME AB In this paper we compare the energy dependences (1-500 MeV) of the proton damage coefficients for p(+)n GaAs solar cells with previously reported calculations of nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). For proton energies E<10 MeV, the damage coefficients all follow an approximate 1/E dependence. For E>10 MeV, the damage coefficients vary but are bounded by the total and elastic NIEL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WCPEC-3 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE PI TOKYO PA TOKYO UNIV AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, TOKYO, KOGANEI 184-8588, JAPAN PY 2003 BP 712 EP 715 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BAK90 UT WOS:000222658800183 ER PT B AU Sofge, D Bugajska, M Adams, W Perzanowski, D Schultz, A AF Sofge, D Bugajska, M Adams, W Perzanowski, D Schultz, A BE Nunes, U deAalmeida, AT Bejczy, AK Kosuge, K Macgado, JAT TI Agent-based multimodal interface for dynamically autonomous mobile robots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED ROBOTICS 2003, VOL 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR 2003) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Robot, Univ Coimbra, IEEE Portuguese Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Japan Robot Assoc AB Agents provide a flexible and scalable method of integrating artificial intelligence techniques on a single cohesive distributed computing system. We have designed and implemented an agent-based interface for autonomous control, and for providing web-based information retrieval, for a dynamically autonomous mobile robot The robot implements and integrates a variety of artificial intelligence techniques including a multimodal interface that allows natural language understanding, gesture interpretation, simultaneous localization and map-building, object identification and spatial reasoning. The agent-based interface augments these capabilities by providing a method of controlling the robot via the CoABS grid, and by providing the means for the robot/operator to request information available through the grid or through the web. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sofge@aic.nrl.navy.mil; magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil; adams@aic.nrl.navy.mil; dennisp@aic.nrl.navy.mil; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV COIMBRA, FAC CIENCIAS & TECHNOL PI COIMBRA PA DEPT ENGENHARIA ELECTROTECH, COIMBRA 3030, PORTUGAL BN 972-96889-8-2 PY 2003 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BX26Q UT WOS:000184782300075 ER PT S AU Ohlmeyer, EJ AF Ohlmeyer, EJ GP AAC AAC TI Control of terminal engagement geometry using generalized vector explicit guidance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB This paper evaluates a new guidance law termed Generalized Vector Explicit Guidance (GENEX). This guidance law has the ability to simultaneously achieve design specifications on miss distance and final missile-target relative orientation. The latter specification may be used to enhance the performance of warheads whose effectiveness is influenced by the terminal encounter geometry. The GENEX guidance law is parameterized in terms of a design coefficient n which is specified by the user and which determines the degree of curvature (and hence control usage) in the trajectory. Feasibility of the GENEX guidance law was demonstrated by its application to a missile terminal homing scenario. Under conditions of ideal sensor information, and assuming a simplified single-lag missile response model, the guidance was shown to perform well against an air target performing evasive maneuvers. The specified zero aspect terminal encounter angle was achieved while simultaneously minimizing miss distance. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ohlmeyer, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 396 EP 401 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200067 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM AF O'Brien, RT Watkins, JM GP AAC AAC TI A unified approach for teaching root locus and bode compensator design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC ID UNDERGRADUATE CONTROL EDUCATION AB In an undergraduate controls course taught with a standard textbook, students often lose sight of the "forest" of control systems design because they struggle to master the numerous control system algorithm "trees" found in this textbook. As an alternative, the authors of this paper propose a design approach that is common for a large variety of compensators using both the more intuitive root locus design and the more practical Bode design methods. This approach is based on a simple procedure for root locus Proportional-Derivative (PD) design. In this paper, the Bode design procedures for three compensators: lead, PI, and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) are developed from this simple PD design. Procedures for rate feedback, lag and PI-lead (practical PID) compensators have also been developed using this approach. The proposed Bode design procedures are very similar to the procedures developed for root locus design published previously. An example of a lead design from an undergraduate control system laboratory demonstrating this approach is presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 645 EP 649 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200110 ER PT S AU Watkins, J Piper, G Leitner, J AF Watkins, J Piper, G Leitner, J GP AAC AAC TI Control of time-delayed double integrator systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB The control of system with large time-delays is a very challenging problem. As Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers and variants of these such as P, PI, or PD are widely used in industry, there has been extensive work to determine the range of their gains that will stabilize a linear time-invariant plant described by a rational transfer function. However, the extension of this work to systems with time-delays has been difficult. In this paper, the control of double integrators, a particular class of second-order systems, with time-delays will be considered. Double integrator systems are a simple, but important, class of second order systems, as they model single-degree of freedom translational and rotational systems. The study of time-delayed double integrator systems in this paper is motivated by the formation flying challenge. In this paper, the ability for tight formation control in the presence of communication and measurement delays is investigated. The paper begins with a discussion of the cross-link requirements for formation control. A simple two degree-of-freedom model with communication delays is introduced for analysis. A typical approach for systems with small time-delays is to base the design on a nominal system model that does not contain the time-delays. The limitations of this approach on stability and closed-loop bandwidth are discussed. The time-delay is explicitly considered in the design of state-feedback (PD) controllers. The effects of the time-delay on stability, stability margins, and closed-loop bandwidth are investigated. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Watkins, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 1506 EP 1511 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200255 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F AF Fahroo, F GP AAC AAC TI Optimizing the decay rate in the damped wave equation: A numerical study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04-06, 2003-2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB We present a numerical study of optimizing the rate of decay of solutions of the linear damped wave equation. This optimal damping design is formulated as finding a damping term that would optimize the spectral abscissa of the related differential operator. The problem is discretized to a finite-dimensional problem by a Legendre pseudospectral method. The supremum of the real part of the spectrum of the finite-dimensional operator is optimized for the constant and non-constant damping terms. Numerical experiments yield results in excellent agreement with analytical or prior numerical work. They also show that this approach provides an accurate and flexible framework for future optimal damping design studies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.navy-mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 2108 EP 2113 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200357 ER PT S AU Fahroo, F Doman, DB Ngo, AD AF Fahroo, F Doman, DB Ngo, AD GP AAC AAC TI Footprint generation for reusable launch vehicles using a direct pseudospectral method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB Footprint generation is a necessary element of mission design in case of an aborted flight condition. Mathematically, the problem is posed as finding the maximum cross-range for any down-range position for different heading angles. Since deriving and solving the necessary optimality conditions for the full-state equations prove to be a hard task, some simplifications have to be made. Traditional footprint generators either simplify the equations of motion using energy-state approximations or use approximate (suboptimal) control laws such as Vinh's law. To remain faithful to the full-state physical model, and use the optimal control law, we employ a new approach based on the direct Legendre pseudospectral method which avoids the pitfalls of the previous techniques. In this approach the optimal control problem is directly discretized and parameterized to a nonlinear programming problem. Both the reduced-state and the full-state models for a, vehicle example with tabular data are discretized using this method and the results are compared. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 2163 EP 2168 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200366 ER PT S AU Peil, S Crane, S Ekstrom, CR AF Peil, S Crane, S Ekstrom, CR GP IEEE IEEE TI High-efficiency frequency doubling for the production of 780 nm light SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION JOINTLY WITH 17TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition/17th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 04-08, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc AB We are developing a source of 780 nm light for use in rubidium atomic clocks by frequency doubling telecom-laser light in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. A single-pass doubling efficiency of 70% and 780 nm power of 100 mW have been demonstrated. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Peil, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7688-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2003 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BY39D UT WOS:000189158900034 ER PT S AU Senior, K Ray, J AF Senior, K Ray, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Estimating empirical station timing biases using IGS clock products SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION JOINTLY WITH 17TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition/17th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 04-08, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, Piezoelect Devices Assoc DE GPS; IGS; calibration; time transfer; carrier-phase time transfer AB We demonstrate a method to determine empirical station timing biases for geodetic receivers located at timing laboratories. Mutual observations of GPS time, as reported by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in its Circular T and as observed by the International GPS Service (ICS), are used together with the. Circular T offsets of the lab timescales (UTC - UTCi). This method effectively extends the previously determined calibration bias of a lab's main time transfer system differentially to a colocated geodetic receiver system, without need of any additional local measurements. The empirical biases include both the internal delays within the geodetic GPS receiver/antenna hardware as well as the intra-laboratory offset to the source of UTCi. When applied to the subset of IGS stations located at timing labs, we find that useful results can be obtained provided that the geodetic system uses a frequency standard closely related to the local UTCi realization and that the GPS receiver does not reset its internal clock too frequently. We find daily RMS repeatabilities in some cases of about 1 to 2 ns over periods up to about a year. Given sufficient available data, the mean station bias can be estimated from a single monthly Circular T update to the 1 ns level, which is smaller than the uncertainty in current absolute calibrations. This method can be used to validate laboratory calibration measurements for the geodetic systems and to continuously monitor intra-laboratory calibration stability without disrupting normal operations. It can also be exploited to improve the near real-time steering of the IGS timescale to track UTC more closely. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Senior, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7688-9 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2003 BP 250 EP 257 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BY39D UT WOS:000189158900050 ER PT B AU Taitt, CR Golden, JP Shubin, Y Shriver-Lake, LC Sapsford, KE Delehanty, JB Ligler, FS AF Taitt, CR Golden, JP Shubin, Y Shriver-Lake, LC Sapsford, KE Delehanty, JB Ligler, FS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Portable array biosensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL III: GENERAL & NONLINEAR CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 25-28, 2003 CL BANGKOK, THAILAND SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Mahanakorn Univ Technol ID MICROARRAY; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; SYSTEM AB The Bio-Agent Array Biosensor (BAABS) has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) with the goal of simultaneously detecting and identifying multiple target agents in complex samples. This paper will focus on recent improvements in both the biochemical and engineering aspects of this instrument. These new improvements have enabled the expansion of the repertoire of analytes detected, the number of replicates attainable, and the different sample matrices tested. Automation and miniaturization of the imaging and fluidics control have further brought. us toward realization of a fully automated, fieldable multi-analyte biosensor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7761-3 PY 2003 BP 634 EP 637 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX26P UT WOS:000184781800160 ER PT B AU Hodge-Miller, A Perkins, FK Peckerar, M Fertig, S Tender, L AF Hodge-Miller, A Perkins, FK Peckerar, M Fertig, S Tender, L GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Gateless depletion mode field effect transistor for macromolecule sensing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL III: GENERAL & NONLINEAR CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 25-28, 2003 CL BANGKOK, THAILAND SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Mahanakorn Univ Technol AB In this work, we create a gateless, depletion mode field effect transistor that operates as a molecular recognition based electronic sensor. The transistor consists of source and drain diffusions, a depletion-mode implant, and an insulating layer. The insulating layer is chemically modified by. immobilized molecular receptors that enable miniaturized label-free molecular detection that is amenable to high-density array formats. Here, we describe the development of a microelectronic multi-sensor capable of reagent-free detection of a variety of biological macromolecules. Moreover, we study the effectiveness of the device for sensing macromolecules (such as proteins or DNA) quantitatively and in real time. Such capability can lead to the early detection of a variety of diseases and toxins including, but not limited to strains of cancer, influenza, and anthrax. The response of the sensor to buffer, proteins, and the antibody antigen-recognition event will also be provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hodge-Miller, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7761-3 PY 2003 BP 918 EP 921 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX26P UT WOS:000184781800231 ER PT S AU Posner, F Gerlach, K AF Posner, F Gerlach, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Sea spike demographics at high range resolutions and very low grazing angles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB Because the wideband spiky sea clutter that is frequently observed at low grazing angles and high resolutions plays a critical role in the performance of modern naval radars, it is necessary to analyze two important quantities: (1) the mean spike duration and (2) the mean interval between spikes. These analyses need to be conducted with representative examples of such wideband clutter taken from a suitable database. Microwave backscatter (X-band, 9.5-10.0 GHz) observed at near grazing incidence (0.2 degrees) from the sea off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii, was measured with a wideband radar characterized by a high spatial resolution in range (0.3 meters) and a high temporal resolution (2000 Hz pulse repetition frequency). Extensive amounts (over 20 minutes duration per measurement) of both vertically and horizontally polarized wideband sea clutter data were taken with upwind and crosswind transmit geometries during the data collection exercise. The analyses of the dependence of the mean spike duration and the mean interval between spikes upon three parameters: (1) the spike amplitude threshold, (2) the minimum spike width, and (3) the minimum interval between spikes, were carried out. This was done using all of the extensive data within a number of selected individual range cells for both vertically and horizontally polarized clutter, measured with an upwind transmit geometry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Posner, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203377 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600008 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, P Kennedy, E Kossey, P AF Rodriguez, P Kennedy, E Kossey, P GP IEEE IEEE TI High frequency radar astronomy with HAARP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co ID WIND AB At high frequency, radio waves will interact with space plasmas and surfaces of local astronomical objects, producing an echo that can provide new diagnostic data. The availability of high power radars operating at high frequencies opens a window for the remote investigation of our surrounding space environment. We discuss and illustrate this technique with some specific examples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203395 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600026 ER PT S AU Chen, VC Rosiers, APD AF Chen, VC Rosiers, APD GP IEEE IEEE TI Micro-Doppler phenomenon and radar signature SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB In this paper, we describe the micro-Doppler phenomenon for radar illuminated targets exhibiting vibration and rotation. We demonstrate several examples of micro-Doppler and show that fine details and characteristics of targets can be obtained by exploiting the induced micro-Doppler using the appropriate time-frequency method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2003 BP 198 EP 202 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600033 ER PT S AU Lin, CT Cantrell, BH AF Lin, CT Cantrell, BH GP IEEE IEEE TI A radically new target detection process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB Conventional radar detection of a target in the presence of external interference and thermal noise follows the classic matched filter approach by spatially and temporally processing multiple samples of the received signals. This process is sometimes referred to as the Space Time Adaptive Process (STAP). This process has two deficiencies in that multiple somewhat stationary time samples are required and that the process does not work well when both the interference and target are collocated in the mainbeam of the radar. In contrast, a very promising new target detection technique is developed in this paper, that is. capable of detecting and extracting signal characteristics using only single time samples from multiple antenna elements. This process inherently does not require any of the signals to be stationary because only one instant of time is used and furthermore the process allows target detection even when the interference is not resolved in angle because the process does not require a null to be placed on the interference. Although the new process is computationally intense, the current development of active digital array radars and hardware technology make the processing of this detection technique possible in the near future. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203404 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600036 ER PT S AU Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML AF Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML GP IEEE IEEE TI Robust STAP using reiterative censoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB Effective methods are developed for selecting sample snapshots for the training data used to compute the adaptive weights for an Adaptive Match Filter; specifically a Space/Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) airborne radar configuration is considered. Several new robust adaptive algorithms are presented and evaluated against interference scenarios consisting of jamming, nonhomogeneous airborne clutter (generated by the RLSTAP model), internal system noise, and outliers (which could take the form of targets themselves). These algorithms use either the Generalized Inner Product (GIP) or the Adaptive Power Residue (APR) metrics in reiterative fashion for culling the training data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203409 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600041 ER PT S AU Lin, FLC Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML AF Lin, FLC Gerlach, K Picciolo, ML GP IEEE IEEE TI Band-partitioned sidelobe canceller for a wideband radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB A generic electronic counter-counter measure (ECCM) system consisting of band-partitioned (BP) sidelobe canceller (SLC) is investigated for a wideband radar. This is paper describes trade-off studies performed on the BP digital SLC and identifies techniques and parameters that are capable of providing improved cancellation performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, FLC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203419 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600051 ER PT B AU Hubbard, RF Gordon, DF Jones, TG Penano, JR Sprangle, P Ting, A Hafizi, B Zigler, A Kaganovich, D AF Hubbard, RF Gordon, DF Jones, TG Penano, JR Sprangle, P Ting, A Hafizi, B Zigler, A Kaganovich, D BE Chew, J Lucas, P Webber, S TI Simulation of accelerated electron spectra in laser wakefield accelerators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Biennial Particle Accelerator Conference CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Div Phys Beams, US DOE, USN Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn AB The generation of high quality electron beams in a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) is generally thought to require phased injection of an ultrashort electron bunch. However, simulations have shown that longer bunch, unphased injection may also produce high quality, short electron bunches if the injection energy is properly chosen. The process involves pruning of electrons that move into defocusing portions of the wakefield, along with strong phase bunching and rapid acceleration. Simulation results are consistent with a simple Hamiltonian model that numerically integrates particle orbits in an idealized wake potential. Simulations are also presented for a channel-guided LWFA system using optical injection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7738-9 PY 2003 BP 716 EP 718 DI 10.1109/PAC.2003.1289018 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY93J UT WOS:000189498600191 ER PT B AU Gordon, DF Ting, A Jones, T Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Gordon, DF Ting, A Jones, T Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P BE Chew, J Lucas, P Webber, S TI Particle-in-cell simulations of optical injectors for plasma accelerators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Biennial Particle Accelerator Conference CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Div Phys Beams, US DOE, USN Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; WAKEFIELD; BREAKING; WAVES AB Two possible methods of optically injecting electrons into a plasma accelerator are the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator (SMLWFA) and laser ionization and ponderomotive acceleration (LIPA). A magnetic selection scheme is proposed to select a narrow band of energies from the intrinsically broad beam produced by the SMLWFA. The scheme is analyzed using 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and 3D ray tracing. The effects of space charge on the ideal LIPA distribution are examined using full 3D PIC simulations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7738-9 PY 2003 BP 1846 EP 1848 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY93J UT WOS:000189498600570 ER PT B AU Szechtman, R AF Szechtman, R BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI Control variates techniques for Monte Carlo simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID CONTROL VARIABLES; EFFICIENCY AB In this paper we present an overview of classical results about the variance reduction technique of control variates. We emphasize aspects of the theory that are of importance to the practitioner, as well as presenting relevant applications. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261417 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500017 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM Wu, HF AF Sanchez, SM Wu, HF BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI Frequency-based designs for terminating simulations: A peace-enforcement example SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB In recent years, the U.S. Marine Corps has begun developing an infrastructure for applying agent-based models and simulation, computing power, and data analysis and visualization technologies to help answer complex questions in military operations. Factor screening approaches are of particular interest, since even relatively simple agent-based models may have hundreds (or even thousands) of inputs that can be varied. We describe a new experimental design, called a frequency-based design, that can be used for exploring the behavior of terminating simulations. We apply this to a model of a peace-enforcement operation. We examine the behavior of four performance measures (including two attrition ratios) and discuss how the results confirm and complement earlier findings. We conclude with a brief discussion of issues that merit further investigation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 952 EP 959 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261516 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500116 ER PT B AU Hamber, B AF Hamber, B BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI T.LoaDS treatment of assigning and filling orders SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The Tactical Logistics Distribution System (T.LoaDS or TLoaDS) is a powerful and flexible simulation application for assessing current or future tactical distribution systems. It is a discrete event analytical model for assessing the pros and cons of new doctrine, distribution techniques, organizational structures, and equipment concepts. It can also be used for mission planning allocating available resources to sustain a military force in a wide variety of scenarios. This paper covers how TLoaDS models the order assigning and filling process. While order assigning is simple, the order filling process dynamically selects the combination of container, handler, and transporter appropriate for the current order, conditions and rule set. A scoring system with user adjustable weighting factors allows biasing the shipment plan towards more efficient use of transporters, or more responsive filling of orders. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Tact Logist Modeling & Simulat Team, Expeditionary Syst Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Tact Logist Modeling & Simulat Team, Expeditionary Syst Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 1026 EP 1033 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261526 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500126 ER PT S AU Hoblet, P O'Brien, RT Piepmeier, JA AF Hoblet, P O'Brien, RT Piepmeier, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Scale-model vehicle analysis for the design of a steering controller SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB A scale-model vehicle is developed that is dynamically similar to a full-size vehicle through application of the Buckingham-PI theorem. Specifically, the vehicle is modified to match the corresponding Pi groups of the scale-model vehicle and the average of a number of full-size vehicles. The modifications require the mass of the vehicle and its distribution to be changed. Furthermore, an experimental apparatus is designed and built to measure the cornering stiffness of scale-model tires. Experimental data for the vehicle is compared to data for a number of full-size vehicles. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoblet, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@nadn.navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2003 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194558 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100041 ER PT S AU Bishop, BE Wick, CE AF Bishop, BE Wick, CE GP IEEE IEEE TI Educational control studies of a differentially driven mobile robot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB In this paper, we discuss a set of experiments (both experimental and simulation) intended to reinforce the basic concepts of control of differentially driven vehicles using dead reckoning. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bishop, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194580 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100063 ER PT S AU Watkins, JM Piper, GE AF Watkins, JM Piper, GE GP IEEE IEEE TI An undergraduate course in active magnetic levitation: Bridging the gap SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB This paper describes an undergraduate course in active magnetic levitation that was designed to engage the student's interest while bridging. the gap between the mathematical and the physical world. The objective of this course was to take the students through the complete design process of a nontrivial control system prior to their capstone design course. The course focused on a project where the students modeled, analyzed, simulated, designed, and implemented, an active magnetic levitation control system. The paper discusses the pedagogical objectives of the course, an overview of the course, and highlights of several of the labs in the course. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Watkins, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194581 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100064 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT AF O'Brien, RT GP IEEE IEEE TI On teaching state-space control system design using a MATLAB real-time experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV ID UNDERGRADUATE CONTROL EDUCATION AB Topics in state-space control theory in a senior-level undergraduate course are introduced and investigated using the MATLAB real-time environment and an experimental apparatus. The experiment serves as a continuing application in the course. Specifically, the students explore two different design approaches and explore practical design issues such as unmodeled dynamics, control input usage and non-viscous friction. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194582 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100065 ER PT S AU Piper, GE Dwan, TE AF Piper, GE Dwan, TE GP IEEE IEEE TI A systems engineering approach to teaching energy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB In this paper we discuss the energy systems portion of an environmental engineering sequence for non-environmental engineering students. Energy is approached from the prospective of a systems engineer, who is concerned with the overall design of an energy system. Through novel laboratory exercises and projects, students become familiar with the various components of energy systems such as energy sources, conversion, storage, and utilization. They also get acquainted with sizing energy systems and the economics of energy. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Piper, GE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194583 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100066 ER PT S AU Piepmeier, JA AF Piepmeier, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimental results for uncalibrated eye-in-hand visual servoing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB This paper investigates uncalibrated control schemes for vision-guided robotic tracking of a moving target using a moving camera. These control methods are applied to an uncalibrated robotic system with eye-in-hand visual feedback. Without a priori knowledge of the robot's kinematic model or camera calibration, the system is able to track a moving object through a variety of motions and maintain the object's image features in a desired position in the image plane. These control schemes estimate the system Jacobian as well as changes in target features due to target motion. Four novel strategies are tested. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2003 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194586 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100069 ER PT S AU Hawkes, MJ Kiriakidis, K AF Hawkes, MJ Kiriakidis, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Community robotics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB The purpose of this research is to design and build a collective robot system with communication between the individual robots and a supervisor robot. This project will examine the possibility of adding one or more robots to the group and reconfiguring the new group to maintain task completion and increase efficiency. First, the project will standardize the communication process and make messaging more reliable and efficient. Second, the work will focus on the discrete-event modeling of the robotic community and investigate the implementation of model-based designs for the community's supervision. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hawkes, MJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 345 EP 346 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194588 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100071 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Boernke, EP Gorsky, LM AF O'Brien, RT Boernke, EP Gorsky, LM GP IEEE IEEE TI Sampled-data control of double integrator systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV ID STABILIZATION AB A sampled-data control system with bounded controls is introduced for double integrator systems. The control system uses samples of the output of a continuous-time, linear controller to determine the amplitude of a predetermined, piecewise constant (bang-bang), control signal. The pre-determined control signal defines the inter-sample behavior of the system and generalizes the constant inter-sample behavior associated with a zero-order hold. Simulation results of the nominal and robust performance are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@nadn.navy.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2003 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194603 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100086 ER PT S AU Esposito, JM AF Esposito, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI Automated test trajectory for hybrid systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB This paper contains the first steps toward the development of an automated test-input generation algorithm - inspired by test input generators for software systems - for human-in-the-loop embedded systems such as automotive and avionic system as well as an increasing number of smaller consumer devices. The idea is to create an algorithm whose inputs are: a model of the control system being tested, along with initial conditions; and the specification which it is being tested against. The output of the algorithm is a set of open loop test input functions which represent a minimal set of test scenarios required to determine with within some confidence interval if the system meets the specification. The primary motivation behind developing such a method is to avoid the time, expense and inconclusiveness of trial an error testing by using automated rigorous tools to guide the design process. The notions of a test generator and test adequacy criteria, defined for software testing, are formalized for control systems in terms of the maximum principle. A numerical optimal control based technique is presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Esposito, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194609 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100092 ER PT S AU Foster, GJ Petruzzo, JJ Phan, TN AF Foster, GJ Petruzzo, JJ Phan, TN GP IEEE IEEE TI Track filtering of boosting targets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR, 2003 CL W VIRGINIA UNIV, MORGANTOWN, WV SP W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, APERC, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE W Virginia Sect HO W VIRGINIA UNIV AB With the shift in focus of the missile defense program from intercept of a ballistic missile during reentry to intercept during ascent, the tracking of ballistic missiles under boost is more important. The paper compares filtering performance using standard approaches to that using compensation from acceleration profiles. The results indicate the acceleration compensation is beneficial when applied to either constant velocity or constant acceleration track filters. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Foster, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-7697-8 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2003 BP 450 EP 454 DI 10.1109/SSST.2003.1194611 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW53V UT WOS:000182322100094 ER PT B AU Michael, S Green, M AF Michael, S Green, M BE Hamdy, N TI The modeling, design and optimization of multi-junction photovoltaic devices SO Proceedings of the 46th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits & Systems, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY DEC 27-30, 2003 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP Arab Acad Sci & Technol, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB In this paper a recent method for developing a realistic model of any type of solar cell is presented. Taking into account the high cost of research and experimentation involved with the development of advanced cells, we present here this innovative methodology. A new four-junction solar cell was simulated and optimized to predict the future efficiency and power output of this prospective device. To accomplish this, exotic materials such as Indium Gallium Phosphide (InGaP) and Indium Gallium Nitride Arsenide (InGaNAs), were empirically given materials properties to precisely model them. The methodology and design considerations for this process are explained. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8294-3 PY 2003 BP 1350 EP 1353 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDQ83 UT WOS:000234964300330 ER PT S AU Romano, M Agrawal, BN AF Romano, M Agrawal, BN BE Harris, RA Fletcher, K TI Evaluation of a gyroless spacecraft attitude estimation and control concept by numerical simulation and ground based experimentation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH ESA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPACECRAFT GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ESA International Conference on Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems CY OCT 22-25, 2002 CL FRASCATI, ITALY SP European Space Agcy AB This paper introduces the researches on course at our center on the attitude estimation of spacecraft without the use of rate gyroscopes and presents preliminary numerical and experimental results. The numerical simulations have been carried out on an analytical model of the Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft: this proposed spacecraft consists of two large gimbaled telescopes, that are optically coupled and used to redirect a laser beam from a ground-based source to a distant point. The task of the presented numerical simulation has been to compare the attitude determination based on the real gyroscopes versus the one based on star tracker and the so called Dynamic Gyro, that is angular rate estimation from a model of the system dynamics. In particular, a preliminary identification and quantification has been carried out on the impact of modelling and sensor errors on the performance of the estimator. Attitude determination experiments will be carried out with a three axes spacecraft simulator. The test-bed, which serves as proof of concept for the bifocal relay mirror spacecraft, is briefly described in this article and results of preliminary tests are reported. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-826-3 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2003 VL 516 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW77U UT WOS:000183138900082 ER PT S AU Wesson, J Burrage, D Miller, J AF Wesson, J Burrage, D Miller, J GP ESA ESA TI STARRS calibration and noise issues for EuroSTARRS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST RESULTS WORKSHOP ON EUROSTARRS, WISE, LOSAC CAMPAIGNS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Results Workshop on EuroSTARRS, WISE, LOSAC Campaigns CY NOV 04-06, 2002 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM wesson@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-835-2 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2003 VL 525 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography GA BX20B UT WOS:000184581500008 ER PT B AU Scribner, D Johnson, L Klein, R Basset, W Howard, JG Skeath, P Wasserman, L Wright, B Perkins, F Peckerar, M Finch, BJ Graham, R Trautfield, C Taylor, S Humayun, M AF Scribner, D Johnson, L Klein, R Basset, W Howard, JG Skeath, P Wasserman, L Wright, B Perkins, F Peckerar, M Finch, BJ Graham, R Trautfield, C Taylor, S Humayun, M GP IEEE IEEE TI A retinal prosthesis device based on an 80x40 hybrid microelectronic-microwire glass array SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2003 CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Custom Integrated Circuits Conference CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SSCS, IEEE, EDS DE retina; prosthesis; channel glass; multiplexer; neural stimulation AB Retinal prosthesis now appears feasible based on a number of recent experiments demonstrating electrical stimulation of human retina in blind subjects. We are completing development of neural stimulating array that can be customized to function as a retinal prosthesis device. The microelectronic device has an image format of 80 x 40 unit cells interfaced to the curved retinal surface via an array of hundreds of thousands of microwires in a glass matrix. The system architecture and development issues are discussed as well as the topic of biocompatibility. The test device will enable acute human experiments in an operating room environment to demonstrate a massively parallel interface between retinal tissue and a microelectronic array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7842-3 PY 2003 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1109/CICC.2003.1249451 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX88H UT WOS:000186714300107 ER PT B AU Hendricks, PJ AF Hendricks, PJ BE Rizoli, JA TI Optimizing Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler settings for noise reduction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES SEVENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE/OES Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 13-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm, IEEE, Current Measurement Technol Comm AB The performance of a 600-kHz broadband Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) developed by RD Instruments (RDI) is evaluated to determine the optimum settings for minimizing random noise associated with the inherent single-ping uncertainty in the instrument. The parameters considered are bin size, maximum range, and the resultant sample rate, which is the maximum rate that the instrument is capable of for a given combination of bin size and range. The instrument's firmware determines the maximum sample rate as a function of range to allow round-trip travel time for the acoustic pulse between pings. The RDI noise model predicts an rms noise velocity that is inversely proportional to the bin size and to the square root of the sample rate for a fixed averaging time period. Data from a set of measurements recorded with an instrument on the research vessel (RN) Knorr, as the ship was drifting west of Scotland, are consistent with the RDI model. Analysis of these data suggests that there is an optimum number of bins (N similar to 10) that minimizes the noise level for a specified range requirement while maximum vertical resolution is retained. Ensemble averaging by the instrument does not appear to have a clear benefit over recording single-ping data, although it does reduce the quantity of raw data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hendricks, PJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7813-X PY 2003 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1109/CCM.2003.1194314 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BW46A UT WOS:000182080500041 ER PT S AU Szu, H Noel, S Yim, SB Willey, J Landa, J AF Szu, H Noel, S Yim, SB Willey, J Landa, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Protecting multimedia authenticity with ICA vaccination of digital bacteria watermarks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS 2003, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Soc DE multimedia watermark; copyright protection; Internet commerce; independent component analysis; unsupervised neural networks ID SEPARATION AB We propose the application of independent component analysis (ICA), via unsupervised neural networks, to authenticity protection for multimedia products. We give an overview of the current state of multimedia authenticity protection, including the requirements of various multimedia applications, current approaches to the problem, and the robustness of the approaches. For watermark security, a covert independent-component watermarking signal can serve as a "vaccination" against a dormant digital "bacteria" protecting the multimedia data. Unauthorized removal of the watermark triggers the bacterium, which then responds appropriately against the pirated data. We insure that our digital bacteria meet established requirements for beneficial virus-like programs. Overall, we show how these new approaches contribute to a flexible, robust, and secure system for protecting the authenticity of multimedia products. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 800 N Qunicy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 0-7803-7898-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2003 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX30P UT WOS:000184903300026 ER PT S AU Dawson, TH Wallendorf, LA AF Dawson, TH Wallendorf, LA BE Chung, JS Wardenier, J Frederking, RMW Koterayama, W TI Effects on wave statistics of non-equilibrium high frequency waves in random seas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH (2003) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 3 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2003) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI DE waves; statistics; seas; high-frequency; spectral density ID GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; HEIGHTS AB The spectral density of high-frequency waves of random seas is noted to vary often as frequency to the power -4, in contrast with a power -5 associated with equilibrium conditions. A standard Jonswap sea and its modification are used to characterize, respectively, the -5 th and -4 th power variations. The modified Jonswap sea is shown to represent, approximately, wave properties in the Gulf of Mexico during hurricane conditions. Laboratory simulations are considered for the field measurements and for the two Jonswap seas. Results from the former indicate general success with laboratory modeling. Results from the latter indicate a difference in statistics for wave periods for the two seas, but no appreciable difference in statistics for wave heights, nor in the relation between significant wave height and variance of the sea surface. Crest statistics are changes, but in a manner consistent with increased nonlinearity associated with change in mean frequency for the modified sea. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2003 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BAP54 UT WOS:000223140300012 ER PT S AU Mouring, SE Miller, PH Burns, VL AF Mouring, SE Miller, PH Burns, VL BE Chung, JS Wardenier, J Frederking, RMW Koterayama, W TI Investigation into the mechanical behavior of ceramicrete SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH (2003) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2003) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL HONOLULU, HI DE ceramicrete; concrete; cement; construction; repair AB Ceramicrete is a new engineering material that was developed at the Argonne National Laboratory. It is the product of an acid-base reaction between magnesium oxide (MgO; a base) and potassium hydrogen phosphate (KH(2)PO(4); an acid). A binder is produced from this reaction that can be mixed with aggregate and water to form a concrete-like material. Ceramicrete then can be pumped, gunned, or sprayed with commercially available equipment (Argonne Technology Transfer: Commercialization and Licensing Opportunity, 2002). This material shows the potential for being used in nearly all applications requiring concrete. It seems especially well suited for applications in the marine environment, since previous studies show that it mixes at room temperature, sets up quickly (even during cold weather), expands slightly when it sets forming a seal, has a high compressive strength, resists corrosion, and does not absorb water (Ceramicrete, 2002). Currently, it is being investigated for use as a replacement to cement and other sealant products used during the drilling and completion of boreholes in deep offshore environments (Ceramicrete Testing Program - Cementing Solutions Inc., 2002). The cost of ceramicrete is approximately 50% more than portland cement-based concrete (Wagh, Jeong, and Singh, 2002). However, there are several potential advantages including better penetration of small areas, better performance in cold joint bonding, and better bonding to concrete and steel. This paper outlines a preliminary study examining this new and novel material focusing on the cold joint bonding in particular. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2003 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAP56 UT WOS:000223143100039 ER PT S AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, MF BE Rangarajan, G Ding, M TI Supra-diffusion SO PROCESSES WITH LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Long Range Dependent Stochastic Processes CY JAN, 2002 CL INDIAN INST SCI, BANGALORE, INDIA HO INDIAN INST SCI ID ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; RANDOM-WALKS; ACCELERATED DIFFUSION; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; LEVY FLIGHTS; DYNAMICS; MOTION; FLOW AB The standard random walk produces normal diffusion with a mean square displacement that grows linearly with time. We explore stochastic processes that under certain conditions produce supra-diffusion where the mean square displacement grows faster than linearly with time. Examples are presented from turbulent diffusion to random flights accelerating to relativistic velocities in a gravitational field. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM shlesim@onr.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-40129-6 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2003 VL 621 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BW94S UT WOS:000183726200007 ER PT B AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA BE Shaw, LL Suryanarayana, C Mishra, RS TI Yield stress of nanocrystalline materials: Role of grain size distribution SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Processing and Properties of Structural Materials held at the 2003 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE Hall-Petch; nanocrystalline materials; grain size distribution ID BEHAVIOR; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE AB Models of strengthening by nanocrystalline processing are briefly considered. Experimental results indicate that as grain size becomes smaller and smaller the strengthening by grain refinement departs from that predicted by Hall-Petch relation and further grain refinement could in fact reduce the strength. We consider the reason for this "inverse" Hall-Petch behavior. It is found that a model based on Coble creep (with a threshold stress) for finer grains and conventional Hall-Petch strengthening for larger grains appears to be most successful in explaining experimental results but only when a grain size distribution occurring in most specimens is incorporated into the analysis. It is shown mathematically that the inverse Hall-Petch region is strongly dependent on the width of the grain size distribution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-558-1 PY 2003 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY41P UT WOS:000189199800002 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C BE Degano, P TI What makes a cryptographic protocol secure? The evolution of requirements specification in formal cryptographic protocol analysis SO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European Conference on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS 2003) CY APR 05-13, 2003 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Warsaw Univ, Inst Informatics, Fdn Informat Technol Dev, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci, European Assoc Programming Languages & Syst, European Assoc Software Sci & Technol, ACM SIGACT, ACM SIGSOFT, ACM SIGPLAN ID AUTHENTICATION AB Much attention has been paid to the design of languages for the specification of cryptographic protocols. However, the ability to specify their desired behavior correctly is also important; indeed many perceived protocol flaws arise out of a misunderstanding of the protocol's requirements. In this talk we give a brief survey of the history of requirements specification in formal analysis of cryptographic protocols. We outline the main approaches and describe some of the open issues. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00886-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2618 BP 10 EP 21 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW74L UT WOS:000183012300002 ER PT B AU Buchanan, J Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, Y AF Buchanan, J Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, Y BE Begehr, HGW Gilbert, RP Wong, MW TI Unambiguous reconstruction of the 2D boundary of a half-space probed by acoustic waves SO PROGRESS IN ANALYSIS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International ISAAC Congress CY AUG 20-25, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP DFG, German Res Fdn, City Berlin, Free Univ Berlin ID SCATTERING; HARD AB It is shown that the use of: 1) the physical optics approximation (POA)to simulate the response (i.e., predictor), on a line above the open cylindrical boundary in its cross-section plane, to two probe plane waves of different frequencies, 2) the intersecting canonical boundary approximation (ICBA) of the wave-boundary interaction for a trial boundary (i.e., estimator), and 3) an analysis of the comparison equation and/or cost function, employing the ICBA as estimator and either the ICBA or POA as predictor, enables a non-ambiguous identification of the scattering boundary. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buchanan, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-572-X PY 2003 BP 1377 EP 1390 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BX84K UT WOS:000186627900157 ER PT J AU Riffenburgh, R Amling, CL AF Riffenburgh, R Amling, CL TI Use of early PSA velocity to predict eventual abnormal PSA values in men at risk for prostate cancer SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; prostate disease; PSA; PSA velocity; prostate biopsy results ID ANTIGEN VELOCITY; 4.0 NG/ML AB The purpose of this study was to determine if early PSA velocity (EPSAV), drawn from PSA values within normal ranges, predicts the later occurrence of abnormally high PSA values or positive prostate biopsy early enough to be clinically beneficial. Early PSAV (ng/ml/y) calculated from two normal PSA readings was tested to predict later PSA exceeding 4 ng/ml (1551 evaluable patients) or 10 ng/ml (1905 evaluable patients) and positive prostate biopsy. The time from EPSAV to develop abnormal PSA was recorded. A post-EPSAV PSA>4 ng/ml was reached by 367 patients and >10 by 293. EPSAV was significantly different (P<0.001) between patients whose PSA did or did not reach the PSA cut-off point and also significantly predicted a positive biopsy result (P<0.001). EPSAV predicted abnormal PSA more than 1 y in advance in 68 and 52% of the PSA 4 and 10 ng/ml cut-off point groups, respectively. Early PSAV from normal PSA readings may allow early detection of men at risk for prostate cancer. This may help identify men for earlier prostate biopsy or for less frequent PSA monitoring. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Riffenburgh, R (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500614 PG 6 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 677VC UT WOS:000182828000021 PM 12664063 ER PT J AU Ashlock, R Johnstone, PAS AF Ashlock, R Johnstone, PAS TI Treatment modalities of bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma: a review SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Review ID BLADDER-PROSTATE RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMAS; INTER-GROUP RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; GROUP-III PATIENTS; CHILDHOOD RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; GENITOURINARY RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; PELVIC RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; RADIATION-THERAPY; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; NONMETASTATIC RHABDOMYOSARCOMA AB Treatment outcomes of bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in multi- and single-institutional trials are reviewed. Remarkable strides have occurred in the treatment of this disease. Decreasing duration of chemotherapy, less cumulative doses of radiation therapy, and improving survival have been documented. A focus on bladder preservation has not adversely affected survival in most studies. Even if organ preservation is not possible, improvements in urinary diversion surgical technique still offer improved quality of life. The IRS III was a pivotal study in improving survival and quality of life. We recommend protocol enrollment whenever available. We also emphasize the use of magnetic resonance imaging and second look surgery. C1 USN Hosp, Lemoore, CA USA. USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Emory Clin, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500652 PG 9 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 693PY UT WOS:000183728600003 PM 12806368 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Amling, CL Terris, MK Presti, JC Elashoff, D Kane, CJ AF Freedland, SJ Amling, CL Terris, MK Presti, JC Elashoff, D Kane, CJ CA SEARCH Database Study Grp TI Is there a difference in outcome after radical prostatectomy between patients with biopsy Gleason sums 4, 5, and 6? results from the SEARCH database SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE radical prostatectomy; PSA recurrence; Gleason sum; needle biopsy ID BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; SEXTANT BIOPSIES; RADIATION-THERAPY; NEEDLE-BIOPSY; CANCER; ADENOCARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; PREDICTOR; TRENDS; GRADE AB Purpose: Fewer patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer today have biopsy Gleason sums <6 compared to several years ago. Several tables and nomograms for predicting disease recurrence after definitive therapy provide little or no discrimination between biopsy Gleason sums 4, 5, and 6. We sought to examine the significance of biopsy Gleason sum for predicting biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy ( RP) for men with biopsy Gleason sums of 4, 5, and 6. Materials and methods: We examined data from 988 men treated with RP between 1988 and 2002 who had biopsy Gleason sums of 4 - 6. Clinical and pathological variables as well as outcome information were compared between men with biopsy Gleason sums of 4 - 6. The log-rank and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to determine whether biopsy Gleason sum provided unique prognostic information for men with low biopsy Gleason sums undergoing RP. Results: There was statistically significant, but overall weak correlation between biopsy Gleason sum and Gleason sum of the RP specimen ( Spearman's r = 0.277, P<0.001). As biopsy Gleason sum increased from 4 to 5 to 6, there was a steady rise (HR = 1.31 for each one point increase in Gleason sum, Cox's model) in the risk of PSA failure ( P = 0.025, log-rank). On multivariate analysis comparing biopsy Gleason sum, preoperative PSA, clinical stage, year of surgery, percent of biopsy cores positive, and age for their ability to predict time to biochemical recurrence, only PSA ( HR 2.09, CI 1.56 - 2.80, P<0.001) and biopsy Gleason sum ( HR 1.33, CI 1.05 - 1.70, P = 0.019) were significant independent predictors of PSA failure. Conclusions: Despite weak correlation between biopsy and pathologic Gleason sum among men with biopsy Gleason sum 4 - 6 tumors, grade was a significant independent predictor of PSA failure following RP. In the range of 4 - 6, biopsy Gleason sum acted as a continuous variable for predicting PSA failure. The routine use of Gleason sums 4 and 5 to grade prostate needle biopsy specimens should not be abandoned. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Div Urol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500673 PG 5 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 724UY UT WOS:000185506100016 PM 12970733 ER PT S AU Kuno, M Higginson, KA Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Davis, BL Mattoussi, H AF Kuno, M Higginson, KA Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Davis, BL Mattoussi, H BE Kilmov, VI Buriak, JM Wayner, DDM Priolo, F White, B Tsybeskov, L TI Binary and ternary mercury chalcogenide quantum dots and clusters SO QUANTUM CONFINED SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Confined Semiconductor Nanostructures held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2001-2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Evident Technol Inc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Motorola Inc, Texas A&M Univ AB This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and optical properties of binary and ternary mercury chalcogenide quantum dots and clusters. Such materials were made by applying a synthetic strategy involving the simultaneous use of strong Hg(II) coordinating ligands and the explicit phase separation of both, metal and chalcogen precursors. High quality QDs and clusters are obtained in this manner with sharply structured absorption and band edge emission covering the visible to near infrared. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kuno, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mkkuno@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-674-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 737 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW77S UT WOS:000183136600004 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M Gomez, RB Uhlmann, JK AF Lanzagorta, M Gomez, RB Uhlmann, JK BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum rendering SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quantum computing; quantum algorithms; computer graphics AB In recent years, computer graphics has emerged as a critical component of the scientific and engineering process, and it is recognized as an important computer science research area. Computer graphics are extensively used for a variety of aerospace and defense training systems and by Hollywood's special effects companies. All these applications require the computer graphics systems to produce high quality renderings of extremely large data sets in short periods of time. Much research has been done in "classical computing" toward the development of efficient methods and techniques to reduce the rendering time required for large datasets. Quantum Computing's unique algorithmic features offer the possibility of speeding up some of the known rendering algorithms currently used in computer graphics. In this paper we discuss possible implementations of quantum rendering algorithms. In particular, we concentrate on the implementation of Grovers quantum search algorithm for Z-buffering, ray-tracing, radiosity, and scene management techniques. We also compare the theoretical performance between the classical and quantum versions of the algorithms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4965-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5105 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.486410 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX48L UT WOS:000185395800014 ER PT S AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Spin electronics SO QUANTUM SENSING: EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION FROM PAST TO FUTURE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing - Evolution and Revolution from Past to Future CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE spintronics; magnetoelectronics; spin electronics; magnetic tunnel junctions; spin valves; spin injection; giant magnetoresistance ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; DEVICE; METALS; FILMS AB The manipulation of electron spin offers new dimensions for basic and applied research, and the potential for new capabilities for electronics technology. Device structures that are based on ferromagnetic materials and utilize spin-dependent transport have had a large technological impact on the magnetic recording industry, and are poised to impact integrated, digital electronics. The field of Spintronics is presented in the context of basic physical principles of carrier spin injection, transport and relaxation. Device families, which typically incorporate one or more magnetic component, are described. These include all-metal structures such as spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, hybrid ferromagnet semiconductor devices that operate using magnetic fringe fields, and semiconductor based spin injection devices. Applications are focused on high density, high performance information processing and range from nonvolatile random access memory and reprogrammable logic to "system on a chip" integration of memory and logic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4799-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 4999 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.479605 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX22U UT WOS:000184696000003 ER PT J AU Smith, RB Jiang, QF Fearon, MG Tabary, P Dorninger, M Doyle, JD Benoit, R AF Smith, RB Jiang, QF Fearon, MG Tabary, P Dorninger, M Doyle, JD Benoit, R TI Orographic precipitation and air mass transformation: An Alpine example SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fohn; Mesoscale Alpine Programme; mesoscale model; mountains; water budget ID SPECIAL OBSERVING PERIOD; RAIN-GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; PIEDMONT FLOOD; SIERRA-NEVADA; RADAR DATA; MODEL; MAP; MICROPHYSICS; WINTERTIME AB A case of orographic precipitation in the Alps on 20 September 1999 was studied using several models, along with rain-gauge and radar data. The objective of the study is to describe the orographic transformation of an air mass, including multi-scale aspects. Several new and some conventional diagnostic quantities are estimated, including drying ratio, precipitation efficiency, buoyancy work, condensed-water residence time, parcel changes in heat, moisture and altitude, and dominant space- and time-scales. For the case considered, the drying ratio was about 35%. Precipitation efficiency values are ambiguous due to repeated ascent and descent over small-scale terrain. The sign of buoyancy work changed during the event, indicating a shift from stratiform orographic to weak convective clouds. Cloud-water residence times are different for the two mesoscale models (400 compared to 1000 s) due to different cloud-physical formulations. The two mesoscale models agree that the dominant spatial-scale of lifting and precipitation is about 10 km; smaller than the scale of the main Alpine massif. Trajectory analysis of air crossing the Alps casts doubt on the classic model of fohn. Few parcels exhibit classic pattern of moist ascent followed by dry descent. Parcels that gain latent heat descend only briefly, before rising into the middle troposphere. Parcels that descend along the lee slope, originate in the middle troposphere and gain little, or even lose, latent heat during the transit. As parcels seek their proper buoyancy level downstream, a surprising scrambling of the air mass occurs. Radar data confirm the model prediction that the rainfall field is tightly controlled by local terrain on scales as small as 10 km, rather than the full 100 km cross-Alpine scale. A curious pulsing of the precipitation is seen, indicating either drifting moisture anomalies or weak convection. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Etud Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Smith, RB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 208109, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM ronald.smith@yale.edu NR 36 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 588 BP 433 EP 454 DI 10.1256/qj.01.212 PN B PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RK UT WOS:000181734100006 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Smith, RB AF Doyle, JD Smith, RB TI Mountain waves over the Hohe Tauern: Influence of upstream diabatic effects SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravity waves; mesoscale alpine programme; numerical modelling ID UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; LEE WAVES; LAKE DISTRICT; SIMULATION; FLOW; ALPS; WINDSTORM; MOISTURE; MODELS; SYSTEM AB The structure and intensity of large-amplitude trapped lee waves over the Hohe Tauern range of the Alps on 20 September 1999 are investigated through the analysis of in situ aircraft observations, airborne lidar, Global Positioning System dropsondes, rapid-scan satellite imagery, and a suite of linear and nonlinear model simulations. Observations indicate that the lee waves attained a maximum vertical velocity of more than 9 m s(-1), potential-temperature perturbations greater than 10 K, and a horizontal wavelength of approximately 12-15 km. High-resolution nonlinear simulations accurately capture the trapped-wave evolution and characteristics. Blocking of the southerly flow upstream of the Hobe Tauern decreases the depth of the layer that ascends the mountain crest, and modulates the wave response. Vertically propagating waves are partially ducted into a train of lee waves as a result of weak stability aloft, which forms due to diabatic processes associated with precipitation upstream of the Hohe Tauern crest. Linear analytic solutions confirm the importance of the weak-stability layer in the uppertroposphere for the development of the non-hydrostatic evanescent waves. Results from idealized two-dimensional nonlinear simulations suggest that the vertical depth of diabatic heating associated with the upstream precipitation is important. In this case, latent heating over a relatively shallow depth tunes the atmosphere for a nonlinear resonance that leads to strong descent in the lee and reinforcement of the lee waves. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 32 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 588 BP 799 EP 823 DI 10.1256/qj.01.205 PN B PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RK UT WOS:000181734100023 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Smith, RB Doyle, J AF Jiang, QF Smith, RB Doyle, J TI The nature of the mistral: Observations and modelling of two MAP events SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic jump; mesoscale alpine programme; mountain wake ID POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; ALPS; LEE AB Two mistral events observed in 1999 during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) are studied using observational data and high-resolution mesoscale-model simulations from the US Navy's Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Radiosondes suggested that both mistral wind events were associated with the passage of cold fronts and post-frontal air descent. EuroSat Rapidscan images indicated a stationary and persistent cloud edge along the tee of the Massif Central. The cloud edge marks the beginning of mistral flow acceleration and descent according to COAMPS simulations. Narrow persistent cloud banners were identified trailing from the Mont Lozere in the Massif Central during both mistral events. COAMPS indicated that these cloud banners were associated with a deeper turbulent boundary layer in wakes induced by hydraulic jumps. The cloud banner and wake defined the western boundary of the mistral. Analysis of dropsonde data and in situ flight data indicated the presence of a sharp shear line separating the cold severe mistral wind from the warm calm wake flow to the lee of the French Alps. Trajectory analysis of model data suggested that air parcels on the two sides of the shear line had different histories. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 20 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 588 BP 857 EP 875 DI 10.1256/qj.02.21 PN B PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 658RK UT WOS:000181734100025 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JF Thomas, JP Renaud, JE AF Rodriguez, JF Thomas, JP Renaud, JE TI Mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene fused deposition materials modeling SO RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fused deposition modelling; mechanical properties of materials AB Analytical/Computational models for the fused deposition (FD) material stiffness and strength as a function of mesostructural parameters are developed. Effective elastic moduli are obtained using the strength of materials approach and an elasticity approach based on the asymptotic theory of homogenization. Theoretical predictions for unidirectional FD-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene materials are validated with experimentally determined values of moduli and strength. For moduli predictions, the results were found to be satisfactory with difference between experimental and theoretical values of less than 10 percent in most cases. C1 Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept MEcan, Caracas, Venezuela. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Rodriguez, JF (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept MEcan, Caracas, Venezuela. RI Rodriguez, Jose/H-4589-2011 OI Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0001-7612-266X NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 31 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-2546 J9 RAPID PROTOTYPING J JI Rapid Prototyping J. PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1108/13552540310489604 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 714KB UT WOS:000184911900005 ER PT S AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP BE Pique, A Holmes, AS Dimos, DB TI Layered manufacturing: Challenges and opportunities SO RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res ID FABRICATION; COMPONENTS; PROTOTYPES; POLYMERS AB Layered Manufacturing (LM) refers to computer-aided manufacturing processes in which parts are made in sequential layers relatively quickly. Parts that are produced by LM can be formed from a wide range of materials such as photosensitive polymers, metals and ceramics in sizes from a centimeter to a few meters with sub-millimeter feature resolutions. LM has found use in diverse areas including biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, defense, electronics and design engineering. The promise of LM is the capability to make customized complex-shaped functional parts without specialized tooling and without assembly. LM is still a few years away from fully realizing its promise but its potential for manufacturing remains high. A few of the fundamental challenges in materials processing confronting the community are improving the quality of the surface finish, eliminating residual stress, controlling local composition and microstructure, achieving fine feature size and dimensional tolerance and accelerating processing speed. Until these challenges are met, the applicability of LM and its commercialization will be restricted. Sustained scientific activity in LM has advanced over the past decade into many different areas of manufacturing and has enabled exploration of novel processes and development of hybrid processes. The research community of today has the opportunity to shape the future direction of science research to realize the full potential of LM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-695-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 758 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX10Y UT WOS:000184306500003 ER PT S AU Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A AF Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A BE Pique, A Holmes, AS Dimos, DB TI Fabrication of mesoscale energy storage systems by laser direct-write SO RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res ID BATTERIES; LITHIUM AB Over the last two decades, there has been a trend towards the development of smaller and more autonomous electronic devices, yet the question of how to power these microdevices with correspondingly small power sources remains. To address this problem, we employ a laser forward-transfer process in combination with ultraviolet laser micromachining, to fabricate mesoscale electrochemical power sources, such as microbatteries and micro-ultracapacitors. This direct-write laser-engineering approach enables the deposition of battery materials (hydrous ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, etc.) under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions, resulting in films with the desired morphological and electrochemical properties. Planar and stacked cell configurations are produced and tested for their energy storage and power delivery capabilities and exhibit favorable performance in comparison to current battery technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-695-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 758 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX10Y UT WOS:000184306500012 ER PT S AU Arnold, CB Pique, A AF Arnold, CB Pique, A BE Pique, A Holmes, AS Dimos, DB TI Laser direct-write of alkaline microbatteries SO RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res ID BATTERIES; SUPPLIES; LITHIUM AB We are developing a laser engineering approach to fabricate and optimize various types of alkaline microbatteries. Microbattery cells are produced using a laser forward transfer process that is compatible with the materials required to make the anode, cathode, separator and current collectors. The use of an ultraviolet transfer laser (wavelength = 355 nm, 30 ns FWHM) enables other operations such as surface processing, trimming and micromachining of the transferred materials and substrate and is performed in situ. Such multi-capability for adding, removing and processing material is unique to this direct-write technique and provides the ability to laser pattern complicated structures needed for fabricating complete microbattery assemblies. In this paper, we demonstrate the production of planar zinc-silver oxide alkaline cell by laser direct-write under ambient conditions. The microbattery cells exhibit 1.5-1.6 V open circuit potentials, as expected for the battery chemistry and show flat discharge behavior under constant current loads. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-695-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 758 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX10Y UT WOS:000184306500014 ER PT J AU Hartshorn, CM Deschamps, JR Singh, A Chang, EL AF Hartshorn, CM Deschamps, JR Singh, A Chang, EL TI Metal-chelator polymers as reactive adsorbents for organophosphate hydrolysis SO REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE catalysis; phosphate diester hydrolysis; phosphate triester hydrolysis; heterogeneous catalysis; polymer catalysts ID PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; METALLOENZYMES; COMPLEXES; IONS AB We describe the synthesis and hydrolytic properties of three monomeric Cu(II)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane chelators, containing one to three polymerizable N-vinylbenzyl substituents, and their insoluble polymerized forms. The rates of hydrolysis of methyl parathion (MeP) and bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP), expressed as their apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants, were determined. The reported phosphodiester and phosphotriester catalytic rates are among the highest reported for insoluble polymers, with apparent catalytic constants of 1.0 X 10(-2) and 5.5 X 10(-4) s(-1) for MeP and BNPP, respectively. Unusual substrate inhibition was also observed at high substrate concentrations for the three polymers that were cross-linked using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), whereas polymers formed from the pure monomers or from a mixture of monomeric and TRIM polymerizations did not exhibit substrate inhibition at the same concentrations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM elc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-5148 J9 REACT FUNCT POLYM JI React. Funct. Polym. PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S1381-5148(02)00249-3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA 678JT UT WOS:000182864300012 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG AF Michopoulos, JG BE Gdoutos, EE MarioliRiga, ZP TI Computational and mechatronic automation of multiphysics research for structural and material systems SO RECENT ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS: IN HONOR OF S.A. PAIPETIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Recent Advances in Composite Materials CY JUN 12-14, 2003 CL DEMOCRITUS UNIV THRACE, XANTHI, GREECE HO DEMOCRITUS UNIV THRACE ID DAMAGE AB A review of NRL's application of an automation of research paradigm is presented. The rampant computational technology evolution along with automated experimentation are utilized as the means for developing a characterization methodology of continuum systems under the action of multidimensional multiphysics fields. Computationally controlled robotic, multiple degree-of-freedom mechatronic systems are used to greatly accelerate the rate of performing mechanical experiments along loading paths embedded in multidimensional loading spaces. The massive data collections are utilized for the inexpensive and accurate determination of bulk material non-linear constitutive behaviour models as a consequence of multi field generalized loading through parameter identification/estimation inverse approach methodologies. Developments in computational simulation technologies that utilize advances in visualization and automated program synthesis have made possible inexpensive and fast characterization analysis of complex structures for design and qualification needs. The example of how this computational and mechatronic infrastructure is used to create conceptual models for describing and predicting material performance is demonstrated in the case of virtual wind tunnel environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab,Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab,Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1299-3 PY 2003 BP 9 EP 23 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BX11R UT WOS:000184324000002 ER PT S AU Chang, LW Moskowitz, I AF Chang, LW Moskowitz, I BE Gudes, E Shenoi, S TI A study of inference problems in distributed databases SO RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security CY JUL 28-31, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Int Federat Informat Proc TC11, WG11 3 DE database inference; multiple databases; Bayesian networks; cooperative environment ID SYSTEMS AB The database inference problem is a challenging and important issue in data privacy. Database inference for distributed systems is an emerging research area. This paper describes a framework and approach to address the inference problem for distributed databases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, LW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7541-3 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 128 BP 191 EP 204 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX61J UT WOS:000185886500015 ER PT B AU Davis, WR Rankin, MB AF Davis, WR Rankin, MB BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Laser vibrometry and strain gage measurements of thermosonic activation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB Work in Thermosonics (Vibration Thermography) has demonstrated the ability to make cracks in metals, delamination in composites and disbonds visible to Infrared Thermography. A basic question of what energy levels are needed to "activate" the discontinuities remains as an impediment to a universal understanding and use of the technique. A specific strain gage configuration to measure only differential movement between the sides of a crack was compared with laser vibrometry measurements of the surface movement and crack infrared emittance levels of simple samples. Measurements were made to measure the effect of varying some of the operating parameters and the relationship of the measurements to crack visibility. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Davis, WR (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Attn WR Davis Code 4-3-4-2 Bldg 2188,48066 Shaw R, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 492 EP 499 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500063 ER PT B AU Perez, I Davis, WR AF Perez, I Davis, WR BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Optimizing the thermosonics signal SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB Extensive work has been done in the past characterizing the effects of high power ultrasonic energy on material properties. More recently high amplitude ultrasonic signals have been used in combination with infrared camera systems to detect the presence of flaws in materials. Defects such as cracks in metals, exfoliation and generalized corrosion in metals, delamination in composites and disbonds have been detected using this technique. Presently no systematic study has been developed that addresses the limitations and advantages of this technique. The authors would Re to present some initial results on this technique that try to determine the effects that sample geometry, crack length and contact area have on the thermographic signal. For this purpose, the authors have developed a test fixture that allows the control of several of the experimental parameters for the optimization of the thermosonic signal. Results are presented in this paper. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Perez, I (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 505 EP 512 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500065 ER PT B AU Reintjes, J Tucker, JE Thomas, SE Schultz, A Tankersley, LL Lu, C Howard, PL Sebok, T Holloway, C AF Reintjes, J Tucker, JE Thomas, SE Schultz, A Tankersley, LL Lu, C Howard, PL Sebok, T Holloway, C BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Lasernet fines wear debris analysis technology: Application to mechanical fault detection SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID PARTICLE AB The operation of LaserNet Fines wear debris analysis technology is described. Application to detection and identification of mechanical faults in diesel engines is presented. The development of fault indicators directly from the LaserNet Fines analysis is described and results are related to controlled laboratory experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reintjes, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1590 EP 1597 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500207 ER PT B AU Liu, JM Ruedisueli, RL AF Liu, JM Ruedisueli, RL BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Development of an intelligent electromagnetic sensor to detect ferrous corrosion products under structural coatings SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB A sensor based on the change in the magnetic field-induced microwave absorption due to the presence of ferrous corrosion products on steel is described. This type of sensor for detection of corrosion under structural coatings is unique in that its sensitivity is to chemical, rather than physical alterations, to steel surfaces by corrosion processes. Preliminary results suggest that this sensor may be particularly sensitive to ferrous corrosion products found in the initial phases of the corrosion process. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Dept Met, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Dept Met, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1631 EP 1636 PN A&B PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500212 ER PT J AU Norris, PM Caffrey, AP Stevens, RJ Klopf, JM McLeskey, JT Smith, AN AF Norris, PM Caffrey, AP Stevens, RJ Klopf, JM McLeskey, JT Smith, AN TI Femtosecond pump-probe nondestructive examination of materials (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena (12 ICPPP) CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO ID A-SI-H; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE; METAL-FILMS; PICOSECOND; POLYCRYSTALLINE; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS AB Ultrashort-pulsed lasers have been demonstrated as effective tools for the nondestructive examination (NDE) of energy transport properties in thin films. After the instantaneous heating of the surface of a 100 nm metal film, it will take similar to100 ps for the influence of the substrate to affect the surface temperature profile. Therefore, direct measurement of energy transport in a thin film sample requires a technique with picosecond temporal resolution. The pump-probe experimental technique is able to monitor the change in reflectance or transmittance of the sample surface as a function of time on a subpicosecond time scale. Changes in reflectance and transmittance can then be used to determine properties of the film. In the case of metals, the change in reflectance is related to changes in temperature and strain. The transient temperature profile at the surface is then used to determine the rate of coupling between the electron and phonon systems as well as the thermal conductivity of the material. In the case of semiconductors, the change in reflectance and transmittance is related to changes in the local electronic states and temperature. Transient thermotransmission experiments have been used extensively to observe electron-hole recombination phenomena and thermalization of hot electrons. Application of the transient thermoreflectance (TTR) and transient thermotransmittance (TTT) technique to the study of picosecond phenomena in metals and semiconductors will be discussed. The pump-probe experimental setup will be described, along with the details of the experimental apparatus in use at the University of Virginia. The thermal model applicable to ultrashort-pulsed laser heating of metals will be presented along with a discussion of the limitations of this model. Details of the data acquisition and interpretation of the experimental results will be given, including a discussion of the reflectance models used to relate the measured changes in reflectance to calculated changes in temperature. Finally, experimental results will be presented that demonstrate the use of the TTR technique for measuring the electron-phonon coupling factor and the thermal conductivity of thin metallic films. The use of the TTT technique to distinguish between different levels of doping and alloying in thin film samples of hydrogenated amorphous silicon will also be discussed briefly. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Engn Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM pamela@virginia.edu RI Stevens, Robert/D-4620-2013; OI Stevens, Robert/0000-0002-7528-0102; McLeskey, James/0000-0002-5110-5836 NR 45 TC 77 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1063/1.1517187 PN 2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JQ UT WOS:000180451900035 ER PT S AU Jiang, J Temenak, JJ Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Temenak, JJ Richards, AL BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Real-time PCR duplex assay for Rickettsia prowazekii and Borrelia recurrentis SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE typhus; Rickettsia prowazekii; Borrelia recurrentis; human body louse ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RELAPSING-FEVER; MOLECULAR BEACONS; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; GENOTYPIC IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASES AB Rickettsia prowazekii, the etiologic agent for epidemic typhus, and Borrelia recurrentis, the etiologic agent of relapsing fever, both utilize the same vector, the human body louse (Pediculus humanus), to transmit human disease. We have developed an assay to detect both bacterial pathogens in a single tube utilizing real-time PCR. Assays for both agents are specific. The R. prowazekii and B. recurrentis assays do not detect nucleic acid from R. typhi, R. canada, or any of eight spotted fever rickettsiae. In addition they did not react with Neorickettsia risticii, N. sennetsu, Franciscella persica, Bartonella quintana, Legionella pneumophila, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the B. recurrentis assay did not detect B. duttonii, B. coriaceae, B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. hermsii, or B. burgdorferi nucleic acid. Both assays detected repeatedly only R. prowazekii or B. recurrentis either when tested alone or together in one test tube. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 302 EP 310 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900051 PM 12860643 ER PT S AU Yang, Q Ching, WM Jiang, J Lousteau, L Richards, AL AF Yang, Q Ching, WM Jiang, J Lousteau, L Richards, AL BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI An improved method for the purification and refolding of r56-kDa proteins from Gilliam and Kato strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Orientia tsutsugamushi; Gilliam strain; Kato strain; antigenic strain variation ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; SCRUB TYPHUS; ANTIGEN R56; EXPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS AB The immunodominant 56kDa outer membrane antigens from Orientia tsutsugamushi Kato and Gilliam strains were expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs) in E. coli. The IBs were purified and properly refolded with modifications of a previous procedure used for the production of Karp strain r56 antigen. A mixture of these three r56 proteins exhibited both high sensitivity and specificity for detection of a tsutsugamushi antibodies by ELISA. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Program, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Program, Infect Dis Directorate, 503 Robert Grand Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900066 PM 12860658 ER PT S AU Ge, H Chuang, YE Zhao, S Temenak, JJ Ching, WM AF Ge, H Chuang, YE Zhao, S Temenak, JJ Ching, WM BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Genomic studies of Rickettsia prowazekii virulent and avirulent strains SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE epidemic typhus; Rickettsia prowazekii; DNA microarray; virulence ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL-DIVISION; VIRB4 ATPASE; FTSK; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; SEGREGATION; GENE C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NCI, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 671 EP 677 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900113 PM 12860705 ER PT B AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Seglie, EA AF Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Seglie, EA BE Bedford, T VanGelder, PHA TI Dynamic system acquisition and testing tradeoffs SO SAFETY AND RELIABILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2003) CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS SP European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, TNO Public Safety, Directorate Gen Public Works & Waste Management, Holland Railconsult, Techn Univ Eindhoven, HIV Consultants, Arteca Consultancy, Delta PI, NRG, Simtech Engn AB A multi-entity system of systems is to be designed, tested, re-designed if design faults appear during testing and eventually accepted for field usage after effectiveness/suitability/sustainability growth is confirmed by a success-run criterion. If operational flaws are uncovered in the field these are either tolerated/compensated - for operationally, by repair, or rectified by re-design, i.e., enhanced by upgrades, possibly gradually, i.e. upgrading by newly-designed spares, or under extreme circumstances, after a system recall. The latter tends to be quite costly if conducted after fielding, but is sometimes justified, and occurs for safety reasons. The challenge of technological obsolescence over time is explicitly factored into life-cycle determination, so late-in-life re-design or upgrading tends to be unattractive. The budgetary and operational availability and capability tradeoffs and control issues encountered in life-cycle budgeting of development, the pre-fielding operational test-fix-test (TFT) (stopping) scenario, plus the test-fix-test and field-fix-field operational periods and associated penalties are described, balanced, and appraised in a dynamic atmosphere of uncertain operational requirements. Implications for finite test asset (range and range time) requirements are addressed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-551-7 PY 2003 BP 649 EP 652 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BX15H UT WOS:000184438400087 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Automated resource manager for group security SO SAM'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security and Management CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE resource management; security algorithm; expert system; multi-agent algorithm; data mining; fuzzy logic ID ALLOCATION AB A fuzzy logic expert system has been developed that automatically allocates resources in real-time over a collection of autonomous agents. Agents can sense their environment and share data to make optimal decisions for the benefit of the group. Evolutionary algorithm based data mining is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts, rules and fuzzy decision tree structure. The resource manager is made up of four trees, the isolated platform tree, the multi-platform tree, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fizzy strategy tree. The self-organizing property of the multi-platform tree and the ability of the isolated platform tree to determine the intenionst of an enemy are discussed. The five approaches to validating the expert system are reviewed Finally, results are provided that show the ability of platforms controlled by the resource manager to respond to incoming threats significantly improving the allied group's security. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-18-1 PY 2003 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY66Q UT WOS:000189433900044 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, R Campbell, J Artz, G Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW Dunaj, D Guest, B Nesmith, KL AF Vaidyanathan, R Campbell, J Artz, G Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW Dunaj, D Guest, B Nesmith, KL TI Water soluble tooling materials for complex polymer composite components and honeycombs SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The subject of this article is the development of water-soluble tooling materials for complex polymer composite parts and honeycombs. This material is available either in paste (Aquacore(TM)) or castable form (Aquapour(TM)) and consists of a thermally resistant polymer blended with ceramic microspheres and plaster in the case of the castable version. These materials are capable of being used for polymer composite fabrication at temperatures up to 380degreesF These tooling materials have been used successfully to fabricate mandrels for filament winding and for complicated epoxy-matrix composite parts. The castable tooling materials have also been used for stabilization of honeycomb materials. Further work is in progress for enhancing the temperature capability of these tooling materials to enable their use for the newer type of matrix resins such as BMI. C1 Adv Ceram Res Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Nava Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Vaidyanathan, R (reprint author), Adv Ceram Res Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 630YN UT WOS:000180139400004 ER PT B AU Johnston, K AF Johnston, K BE Deming, D Seager, S TI FAME's search for extrasolar planet candidates SO SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERS IN RESEARCH ON EXTRASOLAR PLANETS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL CARNEGIE INST, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA Origins Solar Syst Program HO CARNEGIE INST AB FAME is a five year survey mission to observe the positions, proper motions, and parallaxes of 40,000,000 stars down to 15(th) magnitude with accuracies of 50 microarcseconds at 9(th) magnitude. In addition to producing an astrometric and photometric catalog unparalleled for its accuracy and size, the survey will provide significant astrophysics results and search for extrasolar planet candidates. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnston, K (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-141-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2003 VL 294 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX68A UT WOS:000186106100018 ER PT J AU Wilson, TJ AF Wilson, TJ TI Meteorology and oceanography: Force multipliers for combat operations SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Wilson, TJ (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 639JA UT WOS:000180623800002 ER PT J AU McGee, T AF McGee, T TI Ocean science and technology at the office of naval research SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Off Naval Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McGee, T (reprint author), USN, Off Naval Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 639JA UT WOS:000180623800020 ER PT B AU Livingston, MA Swan, JE Gabbard, JL Hollerer, TH Hix, D Julier, SJ Baillot, Y Brown, D AF Livingston, MA Swan, JE Gabbard, JL Hollerer, TH Hix, D Julier, SJ Baillot, Y Brown, D GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Resolving multiple occluded layers in augmented reality SO SECOND IEEE AND ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MIXED AND AUGMENTED REALITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality CY OCT 07-10, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Wearable Informat Syst, IEEE Comp Soc, Task Force Human Cent Informat Syst, SIGMAR, Vitual Real Soc Japan, ACM SIGGRAPH, SIGCHI, Inst Elect, Informat, & Communicat Engineers, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Japanese Soc Artif Intelligence, Robotics Soc Japan, Human Interface Soc, Japan Soc Mech Engineers ID DISPLAYS; ISSUES AB A useful function of augmented reality (AR) systems is their ability to visualize occluded infrastructure directly in a user's view of the environment. This is especially important for our application context, which utilizes mobile AR for navigation and other operations in an urban environment. A key problem in the AR field is how to best depict occluded objects in such a way that the viewer can correctly infer the depth relationships between different physical and virtual objects. Showing a single occluded object with no depth context presents an ambiguous picture to the user. But showing all occluded objects in the environments leads to the "Superman's X-ray vision" problem, in which the user sees too much information to make sense of the depth relationships of objects. Our efforts differ qualitatively from previous work in AR occlusion, because our application domain involves far-field occluded objects, which are tens of meters distant from the user. Previous work has focused on near-field occluded objects, which are within or just beyond arm's reach, and which use different perceptual cues. We designed and evaluated a number of sets of display attributes. We then conducted a user study to determine which representations best express occlusion relationships among far field objects. We identify a drawing style and opacity settings that enable the user to accurately interpret three layers of occluded objects, even in the absence of perspective constraints. C1 USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM livingston@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2006-5 PY 2003 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1109/ISMAR.2003.1240688 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX85S UT WOS:000186635100007 ER PT S AU Michael, JB Fragkos, G Auguston, M AF Michael, JB Fragkos, G Auguston, M BE Gritzalis, D DiVimercati, SD Samarati, P Katsikas, S TI An experiment in software decoy design - Intrusion detection and countermeasures via system call instrumentation SO SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF UNCERTAINTY SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Security CY MAY 26-28, 2003 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC 11 DE automatic instrumentation; deception; intrusion detection; intrusion response AB This paper presents an implementation of integrated intrusion detection and system response based on system call instrumentation. We introduce the notion of an intelligent software decoy as a means for detection and response to patterns Of Suspicious behavior. A Prototype of such a system has been developed using NAI Labs' Generic Software Wrapper Toolkit. We present a case study of an ftp-based intrusion. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7449-2 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 122 BP 253 EP 264 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX11N UT WOS:000184323200022 ER PT S AU Michael, JB Wingfield, TC AF Michael, JB Wingfield, TC BE Gritzalis, D DiVimercati, SD Samarati, P Katsikas, S TI Lawful cyber decoy policy SO SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF UNCERTAINTY SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Information Security CY MAY 26-28, 2003 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC 11 DE deception; law; computer security AB Cyber decoys provide a means for automating, to a degree, counterintelligence activities and responses to cyber attacks. Like other security mechanisms for protecting information systems, it is likely that cyber decoys will in some instances be Misused. In the United States, criminal law provides LIS with analogies for preventing or Punishing Improper state use of deception, and criminal and civil law give LIS a range of tools to use against private actors. However, in addition to states, nongovernmental entities and individuals can employ cyber decoys. Ill this paper we present a principled analysis of the use of cyber decoys. We explore the absolute minima in terms of customary principles for what might be considered to be acceptable use of deception. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7449-2 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 122 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX11N UT WOS:000184323200050 ER PT S AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, PJ BE Irvine, C Armstrong, H TI Is security a great principle of computing? SO SECURITY EDUCATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual World Conference on Information Security Education CY JUN 26-28, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC11, WG11 8 C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7478-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 125 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BX11Q UT WOS:000184323700010 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, CW Irvine, CE Dinolt, GW Levin, TE Burke, KL AF Rasmussen, CW Irvine, CE Dinolt, GW Levin, TE Burke, KL BE Irvine, C Armstrong, H TI A program for education in certification and accreditation SO SECURITY EDUCATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual World Conference on Information Security Education CY JUN 26-28, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC11, WG11 8 DE information assurance; certification and accreditation; graduate education AB Large complex systems need to be analyzed prior to operation so that those depending upon them for the protection of their information have a well-defined understanding of the measures that have been taken to achieve security and the residual risk the system owner assumes during its operation. The U.S. military calls this analysis and vetting process certification and accreditation. Today there is a large, unsatisfied need for personnel qualified to conduct system certifications. An educational program to address those needs is described. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7478-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 125 BP 131 EP 149 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BX11Q UT WOS:000184323700012 ER PT S AU Fulp, JD AF Fulp, JD BE Irvine, C Armstrong, H TI Training the cyber warrior SO SECURITY EDUCATION AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual World Conference on Information Security Education CY JUN 26-28, 2003 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Int Federat Informat Proc, TC11, WG11 8 DE education; cyber Defense exercise; information assurance curriculum; cyber tactician; cyber strategist; cyber warrior AB This paper suggests the major educational components of a curriculum that is designed to educate individuals for job assignments as Information Assurance professionals - also known as: cyber warriors. It suggests a minimum common body of knowledge for all cyber warriors along with two major specialization categories: cyber tacticians and cyber strategists. The paper describes the distinction between tactician and strategist and offers a rough outline of the education each should receive. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7478-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 125 BP 261 EP 273 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BX11Q UT WOS:000184323700023 ER PT S AU Stanish, I Lowy, DA Singh, A AF Stanish, I Lowy, DA Singh, A BE Lu, Y Brinker, CJ Antonietti, M Bai, C TI Bio-inspired submicron electrodes SO SELF-ASSEMBLED NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembled Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; LIPID VESICLES; IN-SITU; MICROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; MEMBRANES; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB Immobilized polymerized electroactive vesicles (IPEVs) are submicron biocapsules capable of storing charge in confined environments and chemisorbing on surfaces. Methods to immobilize stable submicron sized electroactive vesicles and the means to measure electroactivity of IPEVs at nanolevels have been demonstrated. IPEVs can withstand steep potential gradients applied across their membrane, maintain their structural integrity against surfaces poised at high/low electrical potentials, retain electroactive material over several days, and reversibly mediate (within the membrane) electron flow between the electrode surface and vesicle interior. IPEVs have strong potential to be used for charge storage and electron coupling applications that operate on the submicron scale and smaller. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanish, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-712-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 775 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BY10P UT WOS:000187670700018 ER PT S AU Lawson, GE Singh, A AF Lawson, GE Singh, A BE Lu, Y Brinker, CJ Antonietti, M Bai, C TI Stable nanocapsules formed from headgroup polymerization of natural phospholipids SO SELF-ASSEMBLED NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembled Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID VESICLES AB Formation of lipid based hollow, spherical nanocapsules is reported. N-acylphosphotidylethanolamine (egg) derivatives equipped with divinylbenzoyl functionality in their headgroup region were synthesized to explore their polymerization behavior in vesicles. Polymerizable phospholipids alone produced vesicles as an aqueous dispersion and produced stable nanocapsules upon polymerization at room temperature. These structures survived a redispersed cycle following lyophilization and maintained their structural integrity in non-aqueous solvent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lawson, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-712-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 775 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BY10P UT WOS:000187670700019 ER PT B AU Esser, RH Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Esser, RH Hobart, KD Kub, FJ BE Bengtsson, S Baumgart, H Hunt, CE Suga, T TI Rapid thermal processing of wafer bonded abrupt junction SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING VII: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding CY APR-MAY -, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Elect Div ID HYDROGEN DESORPTION; SILICON; DIFFUSION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; SI(100); SI AB A rapid thermal processing (RTP) study was performed on hydrophobically bonded highly n- and p-doped silicon wafers for the fabrication of abrupt junction tunnel diodes which provide a pathway to the realization of very high voltage stacked p-i-n diodes. The bond strength, presence of voids and diode behavior were monitored for all experiments. The evolution of bond strength vs. anneal temperature on an Arrenhius plot indicates two separate mechanisms at different temperatures. The RTP data is compared to data for long furnace anneals, and is shown to be quite different. It was found that a rapid thermal anneal at 600 degreesC for 30 see produced bond strength that exceeded the fracture strength of silicon. The reverse bias behavior of the diodes fabricated by direct wafer bonding is purely ohmic with a total reverse voltage of 188 mV at 100 A/cm(2) resulting in a specific resistance of 0.0016 Omega(.)cm(2). Although Esaki tunneling is observed under forward bias, there is no observed negative differential resistance due to high excess current. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esser, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-402-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 19 BP 118 EP 129 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY63S UT WOS:000189426900014 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Colinge, CA Ayele, G Kub, FJ AF Hobart, KD Colinge, CA Ayele, G Kub, FJ BE Bengtsson, S Baumgart, H Hunt, CE Suga, T TI UV/ozone activation treatment for wafer bonding SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING VII: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding CY APR-MAY -, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Elect Div ID SURFACES AB The effect of pre-treating silicon wafers by using combinations of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ozone exposure, prior to hydrophilic wafer bonding, is investigated. Bond velocity and bond strength are evaluated as a function of the exposure conditions. UV/ozone pre-treatment results in moderate bond strengths. UV exposure alone results in the highest bond strength. These results are dependent on the time of exposure with a maximum reached after five to ten minutes. Finally, ozone alone pretreatment yields the lowest bond strength. Furthermore, the bond strength for ozone only monotonically decreases as a function of exposure time. The bond velocities also monotonically decrease as a function of exposure time with the exception of UV only. The results suggest two opposing activation processes: dehydration and passivation of the surface under ozone exposure and activation of the surface by UV exposure. UV only exposure appears to be a promising surface activation technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-402-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 19 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY63S UT WOS:000189426900016 ER PT S AU Bailey, ME AF Bailey, ME BE Carapezza, EM TI Sensor and tracking data integration into a common operating picture SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C3I) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement II CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB With rapid technological developments, a new innovative range of possibilities can be actualized in mainstreaming a network with checks and balances to provide sensor and tracking data integration/information to a wider Department of Defense (DoD) audience or group of agencies. As technologies are developed, methods to display the data are required. Multiple diverse tracking devices and sensors need to be displayed on a common operating picture. Sensors and tracking devices are used to monitor an area or object for movement or boundary penetration. Tracking devices in turn determine transit patterns of humans, animals and/or vehicles. In consortium these devices can have dual applications for military requirements and for other general purposes. The DoD Counterdrug Technology Development Program Office (CDTDPO) has designed a system to distribute sensor and tracking data to multiple users in separate agencies. This information can be displayed in whole or in part as to the specific needs of the user. It is with this purpose that the Data Distribution Network (DDN) was created to disseminate information to a collective group or to a select audience. C1 USN, NSWCDD, DoD Counterdrug Technol Dev Program Off, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Bailey, ME (reprint author), USN, NSWCDD, DoD Counterdrug Technol Dev Program Off, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4930-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5071 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1117/12.500824 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX80U UT WOS:000186496400060 ER PT J AU Karunasiri, G Ramakrishna, MVS Neuzil, P AF Karunasiri, G Ramakrishna, MVS Neuzil, P TI Effect of operating temperature on electrical and thermal properties of microbolometer infrared sensors SO SENSORS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE microbolometer; thermal conductance; heat capacitance; temperature dependence ID BOLOMETER; DETECTORS; ARRAY AB The electrical and thermal parameters of microbolometer infrared sensors play an important role in determining the ultimate sensitivity of detection. This paper describes in detail the effect of varying the operating temperature (80-300 K) on the thermal and electrical properties of microbolometer infrared detectors using Ti resistive sensor elements. In the experiment, two microbolometers with different thermal conductances were employed. The parameters studied include the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), thermal conductance and thermal mass (heat capacitance). The measurements show that the heat capacitance increases linearly with operating temperature while the thermal conductance increases linearly at low temperatures (< 250 K) and then rapidly increases. The rapid increase in thermal conductance at elevated temperatures is mainly due to the radiated heat loss which may limit the performance of microbolometer sensors at high ambient temperatures. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Microelect, Singapore 117685, Singapore. EM karunasiri@nps.navy.mil RI Neuzil, Pavel/B-9981-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MYU, SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING DIVISION PI TOKYO PA 1-23-3-303 SENDAGI, TOKYO, 113-0022, JAPAN SN 0914-4935 J9 SENSOR MATER JI Sens. Mater. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 702HN UT WOS:000184218600003 ER PT S AU Olsen, RC Garner, J Van Dyke, E AF Olsen, RC Garner, J Van Dyke, E BE Fujisada, H Lurie, JB Aten, ML Weber, K TI Terrain classification in urban wetlands with high-spatial resolution multi-spectral imagery SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites VI CY SEP 23-26, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE terrain classification; multi-spectral; texture analysis ID TEXTURE AB The Elkhorn Slough area is a major wildlife reserve, and important wetlands area along the central coast of California. As part of the ongoing study of the slough, accurate classifications of the regions in the slough and its watershed are needed. The objective of this work was to use the 4-m spatial resolution, 4-color sensor on the IKONOS satellite. A manually constructed classification map was used to train the spectral classifiers. As the work evolved, a problem emerged due to the relatively high spatial resolution. Regions of interest such as oak woodlands have highly variable spectral elements when observed at high spatial resolution. As a consequence, the refinement of the regions of interest obtained from the original classification map required not only the elimination of erroneous spectral elements; but also required inclusion of a range of spectra, as opposed to the traditional approach of selecting pure exemplars. Modest success was obtained from the classification effort. As a consequence, additional virtual bands were created by constructing texture features from the higher spatial resolution panchromatic band. This enabled spectrally similar classes such as trees and cultivated fields to be distinguished. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, PHOs, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Olsen, RC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, PHOs, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4663-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4881 BP 686 EP 691 DI 10.1117/12.465161 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW68V UT WOS:000182828200072 ER PT B AU Needham, D Simpson, M Whitten, B AF Needham, D Simpson, M Whitten, B BE AlAni, B Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Putting interdisciplinary software engineering into practice: A Java-based embedded system controller SO SERP'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE software engineering; embedded systems; OO technology; software architectures AB Embedded applications provide unique exposure to software development by allowing software engineers to incorporate analysis and design techniques with their knowledge of operating systems, hardware interaction and programming level concurrency constructs. This paper presents the design and development of a multi-threaded Java-based control system. We analyze the impact of team software development, examine design decisions made from the perspective of software reuse, evaluate the effectiveness of Java for programming embedded systems, and consider the effect of course sequencing on team development projects. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Needham, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-21-1 PY 2003 BP 707 EP 713 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY09H UT WOS:000187617100108 ER PT J AU Jones, TG Grun, J Bibee, LD Manka, C Landsberg, A Tam, D AF Jones, TG Grun, J Bibee, LD Manka, C Landsberg, A Tam, D TI Laser-generated shocks and bubbles as laboratory-scale models of underwater explosions SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Underwater shocks and bubbles were generated using a high energy pulsed laser system. The advantages of this experimental approach are: (1) precisely controlled and measured experimental conditions; (2) improved diagnostics, including extensive imaging capabilities; (3) unique experiments, including a simultaneously detonated line charge; and (4) the ability to provide validation quality data for hydrodynamic simulation codes. Bubble sensitivity to variation of several experimental parameters was examined. Numerical simulations were performed corresponding to the experimental shots, showing that empirical bubble theory, experimental bubble data, and simulations were all in good agreement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Jones, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 147 EP 157 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 697GW UT WOS:000183935000001 ER PT J AU Chang, EJ Kailasanath, K AF Chang, EJ Kailasanath, K TI Shock wave interactions with particles and liquid fuel droplets SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE shock-particle interactions; shock waves; shock-droplet interactions; multiphase flows; multiphase detonations ID VAPORIZATION; COMBUSTION AB Shock waves traveling through a multiphase flow environment are studied numerically using the Flux Corrected Transport (FCT) algorithm. Both solid particles and liquid droplets are used as the dispersed phase with their trajectories being computed using a Lagrangian tracking scheme. The phases are coupled by including source terms which account for mass transfer, momentum, and energy exchange from the dispersed phase in the governing equations of motion for the gas phase. For solid particles, droplet size effects are examined at constant mass loading. Deceleration of the shock wave is observed with effects increasing with decreasing particle size. The equilibrium velocity attained is found to agree with analytical results for an equivalent dense gas with a modified specific heat ratio. For liquid droplets, a droplet breakup model is introduced and the results show a faster attenuation rate than with the solid particle model. The inclusion of vaporization to the breakup model is seen to increase the attenuation rate but does not alter the final equilibrium velocity. When an energy release model is used in the simulations, behavior resembling a detonation is observed under certain conditions, with energy release coupling with and accelerating the shock front. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kailas@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1287 EI 1432-2153 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD JAN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s00193-002-0170-1 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 646FU UT WOS:000181025600007 ER PT J AU Krener, AJ Kang, W AF Krener, AJ Kang, W TI Locally convergent nonlinear observers SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear estimation; nonlinear observers ID SYSTEMS; OBSERVABILITY; DESIGN; STATE AB We introduce a new method for the design of observers for nonlinear systems using backstepping. The method is applicable to a class of nonlinear systems slighter larger than those treated by Gauthier, Hammouri, and Othman [IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 27 (1992), pp. 875-880]. They presented an observer design method that is globally convergent using high gain. In contrast to theirs, our observer is not high gain, but it is only locally convergent. If the initial estimation error is not too large, then the estimation error goes to zero exponentially. A design algorithm is presented. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wkang@math.nps.navy.mil NR 29 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1 BP 155 EP 177 AR PII S0363012900368612 DI 10.1137/S0363012900368612 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA 683UJ UT WOS:000183168100008 ER PT J AU Liu, YJ Bank, RE Dupont, TF Garcia, S Santos, RF AF Liu, YJ Bank, RE Dupont, TF Garcia, S Santos, RF TI Symmetric error estimates for moving mesh mixed methods for advection-diffusion equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE mixed methods; parabolic equations; finite elements; moving mesh ID FINITE-ELEMENT; SPACE AB A mixed method allowing a general class of mesh movements is proposed for an advection-diffusion equation in either conservative or nonconservative form. Several symmetric error estimates are derived for the method under certain conditions. In one space dimension, optimal order L-2 convergence and superconvergence are proved as corollaries of the symmetric estimates. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Math, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Algarve, Dept Math, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Ctr Matemat & Aplicacoes Fundamentais, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Liu, YJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2003 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2270 EP 2291 AR PII S003614290038073X PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 648LW UT WOS:000181153700014 ER PT S AU McCabe, DH Smith-Carroll, AS Gray, JE AF McCabe, DH Smith-Carroll, AS Gray, JE BE Drummond, OE TI Unresolved target detection - detailed case study of a particular technique assuming incorrect calibration SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE unresolved targets; radar cross-section; Neyman Pearson hypothesis testing; false alarm probability; detection probability; miscalibrated Boundary Surface AB A particular method of detecting unresolved targets using simulated generic monopulse radar data is examined in detail. The system is assumed to be incorrectly calibrated i.e. the decision boundary is calculated based on erroneous values governing the hypothesis that only a single target is present in the range cell. The system performance is analyzed under varying values for target ranges, angles between the beam pointing direction and the actual off-boresight angle of the targets, waveform power and target radar cross section. Design strategies are advanced to maintain good detection probabilities under conditions of miscalibrated decision boundaries. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP McCabe, DH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5077-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5204 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.503477 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY56L UT WOS:000189409500002 ER PT S AU Petruzzo, JJ Foster, GJ AF Petruzzo, JJ Foster, GJ BE Drummond, OE TI Combined tracking and threat typing algorithm for boosting missiles SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE tracking; ballistic missile; boost phase; likelihood; Bayes Rule AB In ballistic missile defense, knowledge of the threat type during the boost phase is important for accurate prediction, especially in the presence of threat-specific variations (e.g. staging). A combined boost phase tracking/threat-typing algorithm based on multiple tracking filters is presented. Each filter employs a threat-specific thrust-acceleration profile used for state compensation, and model probabilities calculated using Bayes rule for threat typing. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Petruzzo, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5077-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5204 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.510534 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY56L UT WOS:000189409500010 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS AF Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS BE Drummond, OE TI Are there "thermodynamic" variables for networked sensor systems? SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2003 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE emergence; network centric warfare; track quality; Chi-Square; score AB Discussed is a number of mechanisms for complex systems that can lead to unexpected behavior. All are related to graph theoretic models of interactions. In addition, the theory of random interval graphs can be applied to the characterization of simultaneously occurring variable finite length events. The theory is sufficiently general to provide simple parametric description of the natural relationships between a system's task processing rate and associated decision and communication rates required to control it. One can estimate conditions which induce temporal decoupling and provide general insight into control methodologies which can be used to avoid decoupling. The usage of intervals to characterize resource allocation problems has widespread applications to processing and decision making algorithms which consumed finite bounded time intervals. Finally, various aspects of track quality are discussed as a measure of the strength of interaction. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5077-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5204 BP 346 EP 359 DI 10.1117/12.507907 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY56L UT WOS:000189409500032 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Kadar, I TI Fuzzy logic resource manager: decision tree topology, combined admissible regions and the self-morphing property SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; expert systems; genetic program; self-morphing; genetic algorithms AB A fuzzy logic algorithm has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack resources distributed over different platforms in real-time. The controller must be able to make decisions based on rules provided by experts. The fuzzy logic approach allows the direct incorporation of expertise. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager is made up of five parts, the isolated platform model, the multi-platform model, the fuzzy EA model, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. Automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree topology using a genetic program, an algorithm that uses the theory of evolution to create other algorithms is discussed. A tree originally obtained from expertise is compared to a tree evolved using a genetic program. The tree created by the genetic program is superior for some applications to one constructed solely based on expertise. The concept of self-morphing trees, i.e., decision trees that can change their own computational complexity in real-time is introduced. The strategy tree concept and how various fuzzy concepts overlap in phase space to create a more robust resource manager are considered. Finally, methods of validating the algorithm are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4956-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5096 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.485872 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54P UT WOS:000185646200010 ER PT S AU Baer, W Campbell, TR AF Baer, W Campbell, TR BE Kadar, I TI Target location and sensor fusion through calculated and measured image differencing SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; target mensuration; image feedback; image differencing; sensor fusion; time critical targeting AB The ability to rapidly detect and identify potential targets both fixed and mobile from multiple sensor feeds is a critical function in network centric warfare. In this paper we describe the use of Image Differencing and 3D terrain database editing in order to fuse oblique aerial photos, IR sensor imagery, and other non-traditional data sources to produce battlefield metrics that support network centric operations. Such metrics include target detection, recognition, and location, and improved knowledge of the target environment. Key to our approach is the rapid generation of target and background signatures from high-resolution 1-meter object descriptor terrain databases. This technique utilizes the difference between measured and calculated sensor images to 1) update and correct knowledge of the terrain background, 2) register multi sensor imagery 3) identify potential/candidate targets based on residual image differencing and 3) measure and report target locations based on scene matching. The technique is especially suited for utilizing imagery from reconnaissance and remotely piloted vehicle sensors. It also holds promise for automation and real-time data reduction of battlefield sensor feeds and for improving now-time situational awareness. We will present the algorithms and approach utilized in the Image Differencing technique. We will also describe the software developed to implement the approach. Lastly we will present the results of experiments and benchmarks conducted to identify and measure target locations in test locations at Ft. Hood, TX and Ft. Hunter Liggett, CA. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Code IS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4956-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5096 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.488274 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54P UT WOS:000185646200016 ER PT S AU Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Fatemi, M Arthur, SD Fedison, JB Tucker, JB Wang, S AF Twigg, ME Stahlbush, RE Fatemi, M Arthur, SD Fedison, JB Tucker, JB Wang, S BE Saddow, SE Larkin, DJ Saks, NS Schoner, A TI Extended defects in 4H-SiC PIN diodes SO SILICON CARBIDE 2002-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Army Res Lab, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Off Naval Res ID TEM AB Using site-specific plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light-emission imaging (LEI), we have identified SFs formed during forward biasing of 4H-SiC PiN diodes. These SFs are bounded by Shockley partial dislocations and are formed by shear strain rather than by condensation of vacancies or interstitials. Detailed analysis using TEM diffraction contrast experiments reveal SFs with leading carbon-core Shockley partial dislocations as well as with the silicon-core partial dislocations observed in plastic deformation of 4H-SiC at elevated temperatures. The leading Shockley partials are seen to relieve both tensile and compressive strain during PiN diode operation, suggesting the presence of a complex and inhomogeneous strain field in the 4H-SiC layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-679-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 742 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW52N UT WOS:000182316400027 ER PT S AU Saks, NS AF Saks, NS BE Saddow, SE Larkin, DJ Saks, NS Schoner, A TI A semi-empirical model for electron mobility at the SiC/SiO2 interface SO SILICON CARBIDE 2002-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Army Res Lab, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Off Naval Res ID INVERSION-LAYERS; SILICON AB The mobility of electrons in inversion layers at SiC/SiO2 interfaces mu(inv) has been characterized in 4H- and 6H-SiC using Hall effect measurements. In order to understand the cause of the low mobilities typically observed in SiC MOS devices, a semi-empirical mobility model has been developed based on a previous model for silicon inversion layers. Using this model, two scattering mechanisms, surface phonon and Coulomb scattering from high densities of electrons trapped at the SiC/SiO2 interface, are found to account reasonably well for the behavior of the mobility. The model employs a changing density of trapped electrons as a function of gate voltage to accurately model Coulomb scattering. Surprisingly, evidence of surface roughness scattering is not observed in any SiC MOS device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-679-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 742 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW52N UT WOS:000182316400032 ER PT S AU Blum, J Giovane, F Tuzzolino, AJ McKibben, RB Corsaro, R AF Blum, J Giovane, F Tuzzolino, AJ McKibben, RB Corsaro, R BE Gimenez, A Lund, N Demianski, M TI The Large-Area Dust Detection Array (LADDA) SO SMALL SATELLITES FOR ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH, THE COPERNICAN PRINCIPLE AND HOMOGENEITY OF THE UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 6 and E1 5-H0 2 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, CNES, Comis Nacl Actividades Espaciales, Danish Space Res Inst, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Inst Nacl Tecn Aerospacial, Int Astron Union, Comm Space Res ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; MASS; PARTICLES; VELOCITY; HELIOSPHERE; GRAINS AB A design for a low-mass (10 kg) Large-Area Dust Detection Array (LADDA) that can directly detect interstellar dust particles in the size range of 1 to 10 mum is described. Because of the low fluxes of interstellar dust, a large-area detector is needed. Two parallel layers of position-sensitive PVDF films, with a total sensitive area of similar to10m(2), are utilized to allow the direction of motion of the impacting dust grain to be determined to better than 1 degree. The time of flight between the PVDF layers allows the determination of the particle velocity with an accuracy of similar to0.2 km/s. This will allow interstellar dust to be unambiguously distinguished from interplanetary dust and man-made debris. During the operational lifetime of the mission (2 years), it is anticipated that over 1000 interstellar grains will be detected. These will be characterized by their size distribution, upstream direction, and velocity relative to the Solar System. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Observ, D-07745 Jena, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blum, J (reprint author), Inst Astrophys, Schillergasschen 2-3, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RI Blum, Jurgen/B-5590-2011 OI Blum, Jurgen/0000-0003-1531-737X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 307 EP 312 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00618-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00618-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW07X UT WOS:000180814100005 ER PT S AU Todd, M Wait, J Nichols, J Trickey, S AF Todd, M Wait, J Nichols, J Trickey, S BE Kundu, T TI Joint degradation assessment in an extended structure using chaotic attractor property analysis SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems II CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; chaos; damage detection ID VIBRATION FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS; DAMAGE DETECTION; CORRELATION DIMENSION; IDENTIFICATION; SELECTION AB Recently, a new approach in vibration-based structural health monitoring has been developed utilizing features extracted from concepts in nonlinear dynamics systems theory. The structure is excited with a low-dimensional chaotic input, and the steady-state structural response attractor is reconstructed using a false nearest neighbors algorithm. Certain features have been computed from the attractor such as average local "neighborhood" variance, and these features have been shown in previous works to exceed the damage resolving capability of traditional modal-based features in several computational and experimental studies. In this work, we adopt a. similar attractor approach, but we present a feature based on nonlinear predictive models of evolving attractor geometry. This feature has an advantage over previous attractor-based features in that the input excitation need not. be monitored. We apply this overall approach to a steel frame model of a multi-story building, where damage is incurred by the loosening of bolted connections between model members. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4852-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5047 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1117/12.483978 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45E UT WOS:000185330600019 ER PT S AU Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG AF Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG BE Kundu, T TI Damage detection using wavelets SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems II CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE damage; wavelets; finite element AB In the current work, an algorithm based on wavelet transformations is used to detect damage prior to the degradation of structural parameters of plates. Plates are of interest because they are basic building blocks for many structures, such as naval ships. Damage to the connecting joints and in the form of through thickness cracks, along with material and temperature variations are included in the analysis. Dynamic loading conditions consisting of impulse and chaotic oscillations are examined. The wavelet algorithm is applied to sensor data in the form of time histories (e.g. strain). These histories are either measured experimentally or generated via finite element analysis. Sensitivity, robustness, and potential uses of this wavelet algorithm for damage detection are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4852-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5047 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1117/12.483820 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45E UT WOS:000185330600032 ER PT S AU Seaver, M Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Todd, MD AF Seaver, M Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Todd, MD BE Kundu, T TI Weld line degradation assessment using chaotic attractor property analysis SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems II CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID COUPLER AB This paper describes results from an investigation into weld line unzipping. The experiments use a series of steel plates (762 x 408 x 3.17 mm) instrumented with five fiber Bragg grating strain gauges. We rely on tuned chaotic excitation using a Lorenz oscillator to maintain a low dimension system suitable for chaotic attractor property analysis. Weld unzipping is simulated by leaving gaps in a weld line which start at one edge of the plate and extend for 34 or 74 mm (8 or 18% of the plate width). Two speeds of the Lorenz oscillator are used for excitation. These correspond to positive Lyapunov exponents of 5 and 10 and provide insight into our ability to control the dimensionality of the system. Strain data from the sensors are cast into attractors and analyzed for changes using a feature called nonlinear prediction error. The nonlinear prediction error results demonstrate that the LE=5 excitation barely excites any structure dynamics while the LE=10 excitation clearly excites the first LE of the structure. At the 95% confidence limit with LE=10 excitation three of the five sensors can distinguish all three damage cases with the other two sensors able to separate damaged from undamaged. At the 95% confidence limit with LE=5, only one sensor was able to distinguish damaged from undamaged and no sensors could distinguish the two damage cases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4852-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5047 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1117/12.483982 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45E UT WOS:000185330600033 ER PT S AU Trickey, S Todd, M Seaver, M Nichols, J AF Trickey, S Todd, M Seaver, M Nichols, J BE Kundu, T TI Excitation considerations for attractor property analysis in vibration based damage detection SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems II CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE attractor property analysis; chaotic input; band limited noise input ID NEURAL NETWORKS; RECONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM; FILTER AB In past work, we have presented a methodology for vibration based damage detection derived from the characterization of changes in the geometric properties of the time domain response of a. structure. In brief, input forcing signals and output response signals can be transformed into state space geometrical representations. When allowed to evolve to a steady state, the geometric object is called an attractor. Certain properties of the attractor, such as the local variance of neighborhoods of points or prediction errors between attractors, have been shown to correlate directly with damage. While most inputs will generate some type of attracting geometric object, prescribing a low dimensional input forcing signal helps to maintain a low dimensional output signal which in turn simplifies the calculation of attractor properties. Work to date has incorporated the use of a chaotic input forcing signal based on its low dimensionality yet useful frequency content. In this work we evaluate various forms of shaped noise as alternative effectively low dimensional inputs. We assess whether the intrinsic properties of the chaotic input leads to better damage detection capabilities than various shaped noise inputs. The experimental structure considered is a thin plate with weld line damage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4852-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5047 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1117/12.483988 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45E UT WOS:000185330600034 ER PT S AU Matic, P AF Matic, P BE Lagoudas, DC TI Overview of multifunctional materials SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE multifunctional; systems; performance; materials; properties; design; optimization AB Multifunctional design has evolved over the past decade, moving away from discrete unifunctional subsystems with clearly defined boundaries, to produce systems design and materials design methods that blend performance in new and innovative ways. This presentation looks at the development of multifunctional design from a systems and a materials perspective. A classification of multifunctional designs is presented, in terms of the decreasing scales at which the boundaries of subsystems, components and materials are blurred. Guidelines for identifying multifunctional opportunities at the system and material scale are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mulifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matic, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mulifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4858-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5053 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.498546 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BX48F UT WOS:000185392900008 ER PT S AU Salvino, LW Pines, DJ Todd, M Nichols, J AF Salvino, LW Pines, DJ Todd, M Nichols, J BE Smith, RC TI Signal processing and damage detection in a frame structure excited by chaotic input force SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: MODELING, SIGNAL PROCESSING, AND CONTROL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE damage detection; time series analysis; empirical mode decomposition (EMD); instantaneous phase detection and characterization; frame structure; chaotic and random excitation AB This paper discusses the development of a general time-frequency data analysis method, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Spectrum, and its application to structural health monitoring. The focus of this work is on feature extraction from structural response time series data. This is done by tracking unique characteristics of the adaptive decomposition components and developing a damage index based on previously introduced fundamental relationships connecting the instantaneous phase of a measured time series to the structural mass and stiffness parameters. Damage detection applications are investigated for a laboratory experiment of a simple frame (a model of a multi-story building) where damage is incurred by removing bolts at various locations. The frame is excited by a low dimensional deterministic chaos input as well as by broadband random signal. The time series output of the frame response is then analyzed with the EMD method. The time-frequency features and instantaneous phase relationships are extracted and examined for changes which may occur due to damage. These results are compared to results from other newly developed detection algorithms based on geometric properties of a chaotic attractor. Our results illustrate that the EMD and instantaneous phase detection approach, based on time-frequency analysis along with simple physics-based models, can be used to determine the presence and location of structural damage and permits the development of a reliable damage detection methodology. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div W, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Div W, Code 652, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4854-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5049 BP 639 EP 650 DI 10.1117/12.484012 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX42X UT WOS:000185235300061 ER PT S AU Canetti, R Meadows, C Syverson, P AF Canetti, R Meadows, C Syverson, P BE Okada, M Pierce, B Scedrov, A Tokuda, H Yonezawa, A TI Environmental requirements for authentication protocols SO SOFTWARE SECURITY - THEORIES AND SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Software Security CY NOV 08-10, 2002 CL KEIO UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japanese Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Natl Sci Fdn, Japanese Soc Promot Sci HO KEIO UNIV ID PUBLIC-KEY PROTOCOLS; PRINCIPLES AB Most work on requirements in the area of authentication protocols has concentrated on identifying requirements for the protocol without much consideration of context. Little work has concentrated on assumptions about the environment, for example, the applications that make use of authenticated keys. We will show in this paper how the interaction between a protocol and its environment can have a major effect on a protocol. Specifically we will demonstrate a number of attacks on published and/or widely used protocols that axe not feasible against the protocol running in isolation (even with multiple runs) but become feasible in some application environments. We will also discuss the tradeoff between putting constraints on a protocol and putting constraints on the environment in which it operates. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canetti, R (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 704, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM canetti@watson.ibm.com; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; syverson@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00708-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2609 BP 339 EP 355 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW63P UT WOS:000182659000021 ER PT S AU Joyce, G Lampe, M Ganguli, G AF Joyce, G Lampe, M Ganguli, G BE Buchner, J Dum, CT Scholer, M TI Particle simulation of dusty plasmas SO SPACE PLASMA SIMULATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International School Symposium on Space Plasma Simulation CY SEP, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID CRYSTAL-FORMATION AB The NRL Dynamically Shielded Dust (DSD) particle simulation code has been developed to model dusty plasmas. The code uses the techniques of molecular dynamics, particle-in-cell plasma simulations, and the test particle formulation of plasma kinetic theory. In addition, the interaction potential between dust particles is broken into long and short range parts using the (PM)-M-3 technique of Hockney and Eastwood. The resulting simulation code avoids the necessity of integrating on plasma time scales, but still is able to include plasma effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joyce, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-00698-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2003 VL 615 BP 125 EP 135 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW58A UT WOS:000182488400007 ER PT S AU Huba, JD AF Huba, JD BE Buchner, J Dum, CT Scholer, M TI Hall magnetohydrodynamics - A tutorial SO SPACE PLASMA SIMULATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International School Symposium on Space Plasma Simulation CY SEP, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PLASMA OPENING SWITCH; MAGNETOTAIL BARIUM RELEASES; LARGE-LARMOR-RADIUS; CHALLENGE; FIELD; MHD; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; PENETRATION AB Over the past fifteen years it has become increasingly clear that Hall magnetohydrodynamics plays a crucial role in many space and laboratory plasma processes: magnetic reconnection, sub-Alfenic plasma expansions, and plasma opening switches to name a few. Hall magnetohydrodynamics is important for plasma dynamics on length scales less than the ion inertial scale length but greater than the electron inertial length. On these scales the ion and electron motions are decoupled; the electrons remain frozen to the magnetic field but the ions are not. In this paper we provide a basic overview of Hall magnetodydrodynamics with an emphasis on numerical methods. We also provide several concrete examples of Hall dynamics: whistler waves, Hall drift waves, plasma opening switch dynamics, and three dimensional magnetic reconnection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-00698-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2003 VL 615 BP 166 EP 192 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW58A UT WOS:000182488400009 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Widing, KG AF Feldman, U Widing, KG TI Elemental abundances in the solar upper atmosphere derived by spectroscopic means SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID STELLAR CORONAL ABUNDANCES; ACTIVE REGIONS; PHOTOSPHERIC ABUNDANCES; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; CALCIUM ABUNDANCE; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; EMISSION-LINES; FLARE SPECTRA; NEON; OXYGEN AB The composition of the solar photosphere is believed to be uniform. Indeed a quantity that does not vary with solar surface location or with a particular solar feature, i.e., no observational evidence is available to indicate that the photospheric composition near the solar equator is different from the photospheric composition near the solar poles or that the photospheric composition in quiet regions is different from the composition in active regions. In contrast, the composition of the solar upper atmosphere is not well defined. Solar composition work in recent decades has brought the recognition that there are systematic differences between the composition of the corona and the photosphere and revealed evidence for spatial and time variability in the composition of various coronal features. We review the spectroscopic techniques used and the progress that was made in recent years in deriving the plasma compositions of various solar upper atmosphere structures. C1 Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. USN, Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Spring Circle, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. NR 78 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2003 VL 107 IS 3-4 BP 665 EP 720 DI 10.1023/A:1026103726147 PG 56 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732AL UT WOS:000185918600003 ER PT S AU Segerman, AM Zedd, MF AF Segerman, AM Zedd, MF BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Preliminary planer formation-flight dynamics near sun-earth L-2 point SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB A few space agencies are planning missions to the vicinity of the Sun-Earth L-2 point, some involving a distributed space system of telescope spacecraft, configured in a plane about a hub. An improved understanding is developed of the relative motion of such objects in formation flight. The telescope equations of motion are written relative to the hub, in terms of the hub's distance from L-2, and an analytical solution is developed, useful for performing orbit control analysis. A halo telescope orbit is investigated, with initial conditions selected to avoid resonance excitation. An example case of the resulting solution is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Segerman, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 511 EP 530 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100032 ER PT S AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F Strizzi, J AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F Strizzi, J BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Adaptive grids for trajectory optimization by pseudospectral methods SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Recently, pseudospectral (PS) methods have been routinely used to solve complex trajectory optimization problems in a simple and efficient manner by way of the reusable software package, DIDO. While PS methods typically outperform other methods across a variety of performance metrics, the grid generated by a standard PS method is static over both time and an ensemble of problems. In this paper, we propose several new ideas for an adaptive grid. We propose how a grid may be adapted to a particular problem in both a static and dynamic manner. A generic domain transformation technique is developed to yield more control over the node distribution. It is shown that the domain transformation approach satisfies a transformed version of the covector mapping theorem thus maintaining the useful properties of the original Legendre PS method on costate determination. The Kosloff-Tal-Ezer Map and the Tangent Map are discussed in some detail as they pertain to the numerical solution of trajectory optimization problems. All of these ideas are demonstrated for the continuous thrust orbit transfer problem and a robotics problem. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Code AA Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 649 EP 668 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100040 ER PT S AU Agrawal, BN AF Agrawal, BN BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Acquisition, tracking and pointing of bifocal relay mirror spacecraft SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB This paper presents the attitude dynamics and control of bifocal relay mirror spacecraft. The spacecraft consists of two optically coupled telescopes used to redirect the laser light from ground-based, aircraft-based, or spacecraft based lasers to distant points on the earth or in space. The spacecraft has very tight pointing and jitter requirements to meet the performance of the optical payload. Because the two large telescopes are gimbaled, the spacecraft inertia has a large variation during the large angle maneuvers. The attitude control system consists of reaction wheels, star trackers, gyros, sun sensors, magnetometers and magnetic rods. Feed forward control and quaternion formulation are used. Kalman filter is used to update the rate gyros biases and the attitude angles during star tracker measurements. Fast steering mirrors are used for fine beam control. The simulation results show that the fine tracking requirements can be achieved. However, the feed forward control and integrated spacecraft and fast steering mirror control are critical to meet these requirements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 783 EP 800 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100048 ER PT S AU Policastri, LA Simons, JM AF Policastri, LA Simons, JM BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Implementing the MSTS atmospheric density model in ocean SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The Naval Research Laboratory currently maintains and uses the Orbit Covariance Estimation and ANalysis (OCEAN) software package for orbit determination and propagation. A new Mass Spectrometer-Incoherent Scatter Radar (MSIS) class atmospheric density model, NRLMSISE-00, includes several notable differences from earlier atmosphere models, and has been added as an option in the OCEAN software. In every instance of testing, when comparing the RMS errors of the differential correction, the NRLMSISE-00 model showed improvement over the standard Jacchia-70 model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Spacecraft Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Policastri, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Spacecraft Engn Dept, Spacecraft Dev Sect, Code 8213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 971 EP 982 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100058 ER PT S AU Vrba, FJ Fliegel, HF Warner, LF AF Vrba, FJ Fliegel, HF Warner, LF BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Brightness loss of GPS block II and IIA satellites on orbit SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm ID PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM AB We present results from an on-going, ground-based, multi-band photometric monitoring program of GPS Block II and IIA satellites, from the U.S. Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station. Our results show generally well-behaved light curves as a function of Sun-Observer-GPS phase angle, although two occurrences of glints have been observed. Observations of satellites with a range of on orbit time of about ten years show loss of surface reflectivity between 450-790 nm of about 10 percent/year. We discuss implications of how this might relate to solar panel power loss on these spacecraft. We also present early results for Block IIR spacecraft and plans for future work. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Vrba, FJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 995 EP 1002 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100060 ER PT S AU Trask, AJ Coverstone, VL AF Trask, AJ Coverstone, VL BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Autonomous artificial neural network star tracker for spacecraft attitude determination SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SP-SEARCH; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB An artificial neural network based autonomous star tracker prototype for precise spacecraft attitude determination is developed. A new technique of star pattern encoding that removes the star magnitude dependency is presented. The convex hull technique is developed in which the stars in the field of view are treated as a set of points. The convex hull of these points is found and stored as line segments and interior angles moving clockwise from the shortest segment. This technique does not depend on star magnitudes and allows a varying number of stars to be identified and used in calculating the attitude quaternion. This technique combined with feed-forward neural network pattern identification creates a robust and fast technique for solving the "lost-in-space" problem. Night sky testing is used to validate a system consisting of a charged-coupled-device-based camera head unit and integrated control hardware and software. The artificial neural network star pattern match algorithm utilizes a sub catalog of the SKY2000 star catalog. The experimental results are real time comparisons of the star tracker observed motion with the rotational motion of the Earth. The time required to solve the "lost-in-space" problem for this star tracker prototype is on average 9.5 seconds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trask, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 1317 EP 1336 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100079 ER PT S AU Register, JE AF Register, JE BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Contributions of individual forces to orbit determination accuracy SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB This paper discusses the contributions of individual forces to orbit determination accuracy. Individual force magnitudes and errors in orbit determination are highlighted for several orbit regimes and numerous forces. Results are displayed in tables and graphs that provide a useful reference describing the relative effects of various forces on orbit determination. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Register, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 1819 EP 1838 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100107 ER PT S AU Stevens, R Ross, IM AF Stevens, R Ross, IM BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Preliminary design of Earth-Mars cyclers using solar sails SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Motivated by renewed interest in cycler trajectories, we design an optimal Earth-Mars cycler for spacecraft that use solar sails. The design is preliminary in the sense that the trajectories are assumed to be coplanar and the orbits of Earth and Mars are assumed to be circular. The optimality criterion is a weighted sum of the V-infinity's at Mars and Earth. This trajectory optimization problem is formulated using the framework of optimal periodic control with interior point constraints. The problem is numerically solved using the concept of pseudospectral knots by way of the reusable dynamic optimization software, DIDO. Feasibility of the DIDO-derived trajectories is demonstrated using numerical propagation. Results show that solar sails can be used to significantly reduce V-infinity's at Mars and Earth. For example, using a reasonably high performance solar sail, a V-infinity\(Mars) = 2.5 km/s is possible at every synodic period. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 2075 EP 2087 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100122 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Gole, JL She, CX Lian, T AF Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Gole, JL She, CX Lian, T BE Piqueras, J Zypman, FR Bonnell, DA Shreve, AP TI Surface modification and optical behavior of TIO2 nanostructures SO SPATIALLY RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatially Resolved Characterization of Local Phenomena in Materials and Nanostructures CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID POROUS SILICON; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOCATALYSIS; WATER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ANATASE; CENTERS AB TiO2 is a very important material from the perspective of photocatalytic applications, but due to its 3.2 eV bandgap, it is not possible to make this material efficient under visible illumination. Anatase TiO2 nanoclusters in the 3-30 nm range have been formed by a wet chemical technique and surface modified in order to enhance the absorption of visible light. Nitridation of the highly reactive TiO2 nanosphere surface has been achieved by a quick and simple treatment in alkyl ammonium compounds and the metallization of this surface has been achieved by electroless plating. Although the structure of the resultant material remains anatase, some of the treated material exhibits strong emission between 550-560 nm, which red shifts and drops in intensity with aging in the atmosphere. Electron Spin Resonance performed on these samples identify a resonance at g=2.0035, which increases significantly with the nitridation step. This resonance is attributed to an oxygen hole center created near the surface of the nanoclusters, which correlates well the noted optical activity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-675-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 738 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW61F UT WOS:000182563800036 ER PT B AU Roach, JA AF Roach, JA BE Nordquist, MH Moore, JN Mahmoudi, S TI Particularly sensitive sea areas: Current developments SO STOCKHOLM DECLARATION AND LAW OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference of the Center-for-Oceans-Law-and-Policy CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Law C1 USN, Off Legal Advisor, US Dept State, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL PI THE HAGUE PA PO BOX 85889, 2508 CN THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS BN 90-411-9940-3 PY 2003 BP 311 EP + PG 39 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA BY85S UT WOS:000189479700019 ER PT B AU Pollack, JD AF Pollack, JD BE Pollack, JD TI Sino-American relations in the early twenty-first century - Strategic pause or transformation? SO STRATEGIC SURPRISE?: U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS IN THE EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Naval-War-College Asia-Pacific Forum CY FEB 06-07, 2003 CL Newport, RI SP Naval War Coll Asic Pacific Studies Grp C1 USN, Strateg Res Dept, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS PI NEWPORT PA 868 CUSHING ROAD, NEWPORT, RI 02841-1207 USA BN 1-884733-29-8 PY 2003 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BAR40 UT WOS:000223247000001 ER PT S AU McNelley, TR Swisher, DL AF McNelley, TR Swisher, DL BE Todd, RI TI Deformation processing, recrystallization and grain boundaries in superplastic aluminum alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY IN ADVANCED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials CY MAR 28-30, 2003 CL St Catherines Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Mat HO St Catherines Coll DE aluminum; continuous recrystallization; deformation microstructures; deformation; processing; discontinuous recrystallization; grain refinement; recrystallization; superplasticity ID MICROSTRUCTURES; REFINEMENT; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; BANDS AB The current understanding of the development of deformation-induced microstructures and textures will be reviewed. The two TMP routes to achieve superplasticity in aluminum alloys involve either continuous or discontinuous reactions and are distinguished mainly by the mechanisms of recrystallization in the deformation-induced microstructure during annealing and straining at elevated temperatures. Results from orientation imaging microscopy as well as orientation measurements via convergent beam electron diffraction will be presented in order to clarify these mechanisms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McNelley, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.navy.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-937-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 447-4 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY86P UT WOS:000189481800057 ER PT S AU Schauer, CL Schoen, PE Ligler, FS AF Schauer, CL Schoen, PE Ligler, FS BE Kumar, A Meng, WJ Cheng, YT Zabinski, JS Doll, GL Veprek, S TI Cross-linked chitosan and poly(allyl amine) thin films SO SURFACE ENGINEERING 2002-SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Engineering 2002 - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SPECTROSCOPY AB A alternation of chitin layers with various compounds allows nature to create novel materials with selective refractive properties. Various organisms employ layered materials for survival; for example, in butterflies such materials cause the apparent disappearance and reappearance during flight to evade predators. The selective light refraction is achieved through control of the thickness and index of refraction of the multiple layers. With the ultimate goal of reproducing these layers, thin single films of chitosan, the soluble form of chitin, and poly(allyl amine) have been prepared and their optical properties analyzed. Ellipsometry, reflectance IR, reflectance spectroscopy, SEM and software modeling were used to characterize these films. Possible applications for optical layered materials range from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schauer, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-687-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 750 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW91Y UT WOS:000183595500086 ER PT B AU Lewis, D Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Kahn, M Imam, MA AF Lewis, D Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Kahn, M Imam, MA BE Popoola, O Dahotre, NB Midea, SJ Kopech, HM TI Use of a high frequency, millimeter-wave system in joining high temperature ceramics SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: COATING AND HEAT TREATMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Surface Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Int Federat Heat Treatment & Surface Engn, ASM Int ID ALUMINA COMPACTS; MICROWAVE AB Results are presented for joining of high temperature ceramics such as aluminum oxide, using a high frequency, millimeter-wave source and reactive, glass-based brazes, including joint strength and physical and chemical structure of the joints. The intention of this effort is to provide the capability for production of refractory, high strength joints in ceramics, by using reactive glass brazes, that are then recrystallized to provide a refractory joint. The use of the millimeter-wave source has several, significant advantages in this respect-much better coupling to low loss ceramics (oxides and nitrides) than lower frequency, microwave sources; rapid heating and cooling of joints, and localized delivery of energy in the form of a quasi-Gaussian beam. Beam heating permits localized heating of the joint region only, if desirable, with minimal heating of the rest of the material. Finally, the beam nature of the source permits the use of simple, inexpensive base metal tooling and fixturing for holding pieces to be joined and for applying clamping pressure to these parts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Lewis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-781-0 PY 2003 BP 608 EP 616 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BW57A UT WOS:000182433000086 ER PT S AU Nee, SMF Nee, TW AF Nee, SMF Nee, TW BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Reflection and transmission scattering by rough plane surface of glass hemisphere SO SURFACE SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Scattering and Diffraction III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE polarization; scattering; reflection; rough surface; depolarization; ellipsometry; Mueller matrix ID PRINCIPAL MUELLER MATRIX; NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLARIZATION; DEPOLARIZATION AB Polarization of both Reflection and transmission scatterings by a rough plane surface of a glass hemisphere with a smooth spherical surface were measured. Null ellipsometry was used to measure the ellipsometric parameters and depolarization. Linear polarization, circular polarization, and principal Mueller matrix were obtained from the above measured quantities. Scattering was measured at fixed incident and detection directions, and variable sample orientation. The scattering and its polarization and depolarization are symmetric with the off-specular angle (OSA). The measured depolarization increases with increasing OSA and so do the deviations from the specular values for all parameters. The measured linear polarization increases with increasing OSA, and may change sign for large OSA. Reflection scattering shows more depolarization than the transmission scattering and so do the deviations from the specular values for all parameters. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept, Code 4T4110D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5062-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5189 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.507780 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX87T UT WOS:000186708200001 ER PT S AU Nee, TW Nee, SMF AF Nee, TW Nee, SMF BE Gu, ZH Maradudin, AA TI Polarization of holographic volume grating diffraction SO SURFACE SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surface Scattering and Diffraction III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE diffraction theory; holographic grating; polarization; Mueller matrix AB The full polarization property of a holographic volume grating sample is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. There exists strong interaction between the transmitted and diffracted beams due to the grating diffraction of orders m = -1 and 1. Based upon a volume grating model, the diffracted fields and Mueller matrices of the interacting transmitted and diffracted beams were first analytically derived. The formalism is derived for the general case that the diffraction beam and the grating wave-vector are not in the plane of incidence, where s-waves and p-waves are not de-coupled. For a single-hologram grating sample, the Mueller matrix is measured at wavelength 632.8 nm and in good agreement with the theory. The result demonstrates a correlation between the diffraction strength and the polarization properties of the volume holographic grating. The derived algorithm has provided a simulation analysis tool for the engineering device design of real holographic beam combiner/splitter (HBCS) devices. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, TW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5062-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5189 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.508293 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX87T UT WOS:000186708200002 ER PT J AU Warn-Varnas, AC Chin-Bing, SA King, DB Hallock, Z Hawkins, JA AF Warn-Varnas, AC Chin-Bing, SA King, DB Hallock, Z Hawkins, JA TI Ocean-acoustic solitary wave studies and predictions SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE acoustical intensity; acoustical modes; dispersion; internal solitary waves; ocean-acoustic; resonance ID ORDER PARABOLIC EQUATIONS; TIME-DOMAIN SOLUTION; MALIN SHELF EDGE; INTERNAL WAVES; UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; TIDE AB Shallow water internal solitary waves have become a major topic of interest to oceanographers and acousticians. In this paper we review the cross-disciplinary status of joint ocean-acoustic solitary wave studies and predictions. We consider the process of acoustical mode coupling in the presence of solitary waves and the corresponding acoustical intensity loss due to increased coupling with the bottom. A study of the interaction of an acoustical field with a train of solitary waves is undertaken at a range of frequencies. At a resonant frequency the acoustic field can interact with the solitary wave packet which results in mode conversions (acoustic energy is redistributed among the modes, often from lower-order to higher-order modes). Higher signal losses can occur in the higher order modes through increased bottom attenuation and result in an anomalous acoustical intensity loss at the resonant frequency. We present some new results of joint ocean-acoustic research, from a dedicated study in the Strait of Messina, where solitary waves are generated by semidiumal tidal flow over topographic variations. The University of Hamburg weakly nonhydrostatic two layer model is used for simulating the generation and propagation of solitary waves. In particular, the physical states encountered during an October 1995 cruise in the Strait of Messina (between Italy and Sicily) are simulated. Various parameter space sensitivity studies, about the existing cruise conditions, are performed. The modelled solitary wave trains are compared against conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) chain measurements in terms of amplitudes, wavelengths, phase speeds and correlations with data. Predicted and observed sound speeds are used in acoustical intensity calculations that are conducted with a parabolic equation (PE) model. The differences in the resultant acoustical intensity fields provide a guide for the tuning of the oceanographic model parameters. The tuned oceanographic model shows agreement with data for the first and second solitary waves in terms of amplitude, wavelength and phase speed. The calculated available potential energy from the simulation results is in the range of the data analogue. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 39 EP 79 DI 10.1023/A:1022274901130 PG 41 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 641NM UT WOS:000180750900002 ER PT J AU Eaton, PE Zhang, MX Komiya, N Yang, CG Steele, I Gilardi, R AF Eaton, PE Zhang, MX Komiya, N Yang, CG Steele, I Gilardi, R TI A new approach to substituted cyclobutanes: Direct beta-deprotonation/magnesiation of cyclobutane carboxamides SO SYNLETT LA English DT Article DE metalation; diastereoselective; amido-Grignards; cyclobutanes; substituent effects ID ORTHO-MAGNESIATION AB BuMoN(i-Pr)(2) is shown to be kinetically and thermodynandcally efficient for deprotonation/magnesiation cis and beta to an activating carboxamido group on a cyclobutane ring. The resulting carboxamido-stabilized amido-Grignards are useful reagents. The method provides an entirely new approach to controlled substitution on cyclobutanes. BuMaN(i-Pr)(2) will also metalate pivaloyl amides. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM eaton@uchicago.edu NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-5214 J9 SYNLETT JI Synlett PY 2003 IS 9 SI SI BP 1275 EP 1278 DI 10.1055/s-2003-40331 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 702HU UT WOS:000184219100012 ER PT J AU Knight, DA Schull, TL AF Knight, DA Schull, TL TI Rhodium catalyzed allylic isomerization in water SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE water-soluble phosphine; aqueous phase catalysis; allylic isomerization ID CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ALCOHOLS; COMPLEXES; REDOX AB A water-soluble rhodium bis-phosphine complex was used for the aqueous phase isomerization of three allylic alcohols. For the isomerization of cinnamyl alcohol, the-catalyst was recycled with slight loss of activity and the optimum phosphine:rhodium ratio was found to be 6:1. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM daknight@loyno.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1081/SCC-120016328 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 663DR UT WOS:000181991400019 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Mushrush, GW AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Mushrush, GW TI Synthesis of novel 7 alpha-thiol-bridged progesterone derivatives SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE steroids; progesterone; breast cancer; enantioselective synthesis ID BREAST-CANCER; REPLACE CARBONS-2,3,4; LABEL TESTOSTERONE; INHIBITORS; STEROIDS; C-13; RING; METHODOLOGY; AROMATASE AB Novel synthetic routes to the formation of progesterone derivatives are of interest due to their potential role in the treatment of breast cancer. This multi-step synthesis proceeds via the dehydrogenation of the endocyclic ketone moiety of the steroid, affording the resulting alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated system. This is followed by 1,6-conjugate addition of p-aminothiophenol, affording the C7 thiol-bridged progesterone analog. The resulting compound was then subjected to a selection of isocyanates affording a variety of novel progesterone derivatives for their medicinal evaluation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 885 EP 893 DI 10.1081/SCC-120016346 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 668ED UT WOS:000182276600004 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Stasko, D Chapman, RD AF Davis, MC Stasko, D Chapman, RD TI Conversion of a ketone to a geminal bisacetamide: Synthesis of 1,1-bisacetamidocyclohexane SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bisamide; aminal; ketoaminal ID BISAMIDES AB The synthesis of the title compound (6) is described. A key step in the novel sequence is the Hofmann rearrangement of an alpha,alpha-dialkyl-alpha-aminocarboxamide mediated by hypervalent iodine reagent. C1 USN, Ctr Weap Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 15 BP 2677 EP 2684 DI 10.1081/SCC-120021988 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 716AQ UT WOS:000185007000014 ER PT J AU Chapman, RD Davis, MC Gilardi, R AF Chapman, RD Davis, MC Gilardi, R TI A new preparation of gem-bis(difluoramino)-alkanes via direct fluorination of geminal bisacetamides SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE difluoramines; germinal bisacetamides; fluorination ID AROMATIC FLUORAMINES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DIFLUORAMINE; CRYSTAL AB A fundamentally new preparation of internal and terminal gem-bis(difluoramino)alkanes has been demonstrated by the direct fluorination of corresponding gem-bisacetamides, specifically, 1,1-bisacetamidocyclohexane and 1,1-bisacetamidopropane, leading to 1,1-bis(difluoramino)cyclohexane and 1,1-bis(difluoramino)propane, respectively. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Air Syst Command, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Naval Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chapman, RD (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Air Syst Command, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM robert.chapman@navy.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 23 BP 4173 EP 4184 DI 10.1081/SCC-120026361 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 751EB UT WOS:000187038900021 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK BE Willett, PK Kirubarajan, T TI Adaptive classification by maximizing class separability with respect to the unlabeled data SO SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS: SECURITY AND CONDITION MONITORING ISSUES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on System Diagnosis and Prognosis: Security and Condition Monitoring Issues III CY APR 21, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Dirichlet distribution; discrete features; dimensionality reduction; feature fusion; Page's test AB In this paper, the Adaptive Mean-Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is discussed, which utilizes a method that maximizes the class separability of unlabeled training data. The algorithm is based on a Dirichlet distribution model for each class. In this new, method, the Dirichlet model is extended such that dissimilar distributions are encouraged amongst the classes with respect to unlabeled data, and with respect to data containing missing values. It has previously been shown for two class cases that the theoretical probability of error is lower bounded by 0.25 under the original Dirichlet model. Thus, the new model has been developed with the idea of encouraging error probabilities below this lower bound given the data contains missing information, such as the class labels. Results are illustrated with simulated data as applied to sequential classification using Page's test. In general it is shown that the new method's performance is superior to that of the original Dirichlet model, where it is apparent that any previously acquired unlabeled data are being utilized in the training set to improve the correct classification of future test data samples. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Code 8212, Newport, RI USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4967-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5107 BP 83 EP 93 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX48M UT WOS:000185396000008 ER PT S AU Fraedrich, D Stark, E Heen, LT Miller, C AF Fraedrich, D Stark, E Heen, LT Miller, C BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI ShipIR model validation using NATO SIMVEX experiment results SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ship signature; infrared; model validation AB An infrared field trial has been conducted by a NATO science panel on IR ship signatures, TG-16. This trial was planned, designed and executed for the expressed purpose of the validation of predictive IR ship signature simulations. The details of the trial were dictated by a thoughtful validation methodology, which exploits the concept of "experimental precision." Two governmental defense laboratories, the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory have used this trial data to perform a validation analysis on the ShipIR IR signature code. This analysis quantifies prediction accuracy of the current versions of the code and identifies specific portions of the code that need to be upgraded to improve prediction accuracy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fraedrich, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.485684 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600006 ER PT S AU Nichols, WK AF Nichols, WK BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Portable source initiative for distribution of cross-platform compatible multi-spectral databases SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE portable source; visual database; MultiSpectral database; flight simulation; terrain; imagery; image generator; 3-D modeling; sensor simulation; refined source AB In response to popular demand, The Visual Group has undertaken an effort known as the Portable Source Initiative, a program intended to create cross-platform compatible multi-spectral databases by building a managed source set of data and expending a minimal amount of effort republishing run-time formatted proprietary databases. By building visual and sensor databases using a variety of sources, then feeding all value-added work back into standard, open, widely used source formats, databases can be published from this "refined source data"(1) in a relatively simple, automated, and repeatable fashion. To this end, with the endorsement of the Army's PM Cargo, we have offered a sample set of the source data we are building for the CH-47F TFPS program to the visual simulation industry at large to be republished into runtime formats. The results of this effort were an overwhelming acceptance of the concepts and theories within, and support from both industry and multi-service flight simulation teams. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Nichols, WK (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, 48183 Switzer Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.497140 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600011 ER PT S AU Spanos, G Hung, CY Kral, MV AF Spanos, G Hung, CY Kral, MV BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI The morphology, crystallography, and formation mechanism of grain boundary proeutectoid cementite in high carbon steels SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE cementite; high carbon steels; hypereutectoid; phase transformations ID ORIENTATION RELATIONSHIP; ALLOTRIOMORPHS; AUSTENITE; PLATES AB This paper reviews and brings together in a comprehensive way research by the authors over the last 5 years which provides new insights into grain boundary proeutectoid cementite formation. In particular, in an Fe-1.3%C-13%Mn alloy, grain boundary cementite "allotriomorphs" do not posses the morphology approximated in the past as double spherical caps or oblate ellipsoids. Instead, three dimensional analyses show that this grain boundary cementite exhibits a dendritic morphology. Solid-state dendrites first nucleate at austenite grain edges and/or corners, and then during growth spread along austenite grain faces. Reasons why these observations were not made in many previous studies in the literature are discussed. The orientation relationship (OR) between the grain boundary cementite dendrites and at least one of the neighboring austenite grains usually corresponds to one of the previously reported (rational) cementite:austenite ORs, indicating that nucleation occurs so as to minimize the free energy of the cementite critical nucleus. Alternatively, crystallographic analyses show that there is no unique primary dendrite arm growth direction. Implications of these findings on predictive models of microstructural evolution are considered, and a new model for grain boundary proeutectoid cementite formation is proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Spanos, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 1599 EP 1604 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400253 ER PT S AU Oh-ishi, K Cuevas, AM Swisher, DL McNelley, TR AF Oh-ishi, K Cuevas, AM Swisher, DL McNelley, TR BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI The influence of friction stir processing on microstructure and properties of a cast nickel aluminum bronze material SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE nickel-aluminum bronze; friction stir processing; surface hardening; deformation microstructure; microtexture; shear deformation; recrystallization; annealing ID SEA-WATER; ALLOYS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; TEXTURE; PHASES AB Cast nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) is specified for many marine applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance. Improved mechanical properties may be attainable using friction stir processing (FSP) to achieve localized microstructure modification in cast material, and convert an as-cast microstructure to a wrought condition in the absence of macroscopic shape change. In effect, FSP provides a means of surface hardening of castings. The complex physical metallurgy of cast NAB material will be reviewed and the effect of FSP on microstructure of an as-cast NAB material will be described. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 2885 EP 2890 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400464 ER PT S AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA Feng, CR AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA Feng, CR BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Thermally activated flux creep in high T-c superconductors SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE flux creep; vortices; collective pinning; models ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MOTION; ENERGIES; DEPENDENCE; DECAY AB The level of current transport in a given high T-c superconductor application depends upon several intrinsic microstructure-property relationships. When a magnetic field is applied, the flux vortices may shift due to the force from the current or to thermal activation, resulting in a loss of superconducting properties known as flux creep. Flux vortices may be pinned by microstructural defects such as grain boundaries or dislocations, if present in sufficient quantities, hence the importance of microstructure. In spite of significant progress in understanding vortex dynamics in high T-c superconductors our knowledge of the thermally activated flux creep is incomplete. Our experimental results indicate that the logarithmic decay of magnetization with log time is a monotonically increasing function of temperature contrary to the prediction of the widely accepted collective pinning models. The goal of this study was to characterize both current transport properties and microstructures in high T-c superconductors in order to optimize material performance. Initial research was focused on BSCCO (barium, strontium, calcium, copper oxide) tapes. Superconducting properties were measured as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field for sections of this material. Additionally, the microstructures were characterized using optical and electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. These microstructural parameters were then correlated with the superconducting properties in order to rank their relative importance and to predict the combinations which should maximize superconductor performance. Flux creep in these materials were then predicted by a new model and shown to be in good agreement with experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 3493 EP 3498 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400563 ER PT S AU Imam, MA Lewis, D Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Kurihara, LK AF Imam, MA Lewis, D Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Kurihara, LK BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Processing of advanced materials with a high frequency, millimeter-wave beam source and other microwave systems SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE microwave processing; millimeter-wave processing; ceramics; materials; joining; coating; coating removal; rapid sintering ID ALUMINA COMPACTS AB An 83 GHz gyrotron-based, millimeter-wave beam system is being used in material processing: in rapid sintering of oxides, ferrites, and metal-ceramic composites to retain very fine grain structure in the product for improved mechanical and electromagnetic properties; in joining of ceramic and ceramic composite materials (with unique advantages- localization of heating, permitting inexpensive fixturing and instrumentation and minimizing thermal damage to components; depositing energy specifically in a narrow joint region through a guided wave effect), and in coating densification and coating removal where the high frequency and short wavelength permit significant energy deposition in relatively thin coatings. In a related effort, we are using a low frequency microwave system for low cost continuous production of nanophase metals. This process should produce a range of nanophase metals, metal oxides and mixtures of these, in sizeable quantities and at low cost. The results of various experiments in these areas will be discussed, as will the potential of low and high frequency microwave processing of advanced materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4111 EP 4116 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400664 ER PT S AU Metzbower, EA Denney, PE Moon, DW Feng, CR Lambrakos, SG AF Metzbower, EA Denney, PE Moon, DW Feng, CR Lambrakos, SG BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Thermal analysis and microhardness mapping in hybrid laser welds in a structural steel SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID AB Hybrid welding, the combination of laser and arc welding, is being heavily investigated for potential applications in the fabrication of structural steel components. The hybrid process is an alternative to autogenous laser welding that requires good fit-up of the parts. With the hybrid process, the addition of filler metal alters the weld pass chemistry and fills any gaps that may occur. In some applications, the fit-up of parts is only part of the issue for laser welding. In some structural steel components, the chemistry of the base metal when autogenously laser welded can result in weldments (weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ)) that have high hardness values. This indirectly indicates that the weld metal is brittle and not suitable for certain applications. The hardness values of the weldment have been used as an acceptance criteria for certain industrial applications. The use of hybrid welding may address the hardness issue. The addition of filler metal through a gas metal arc (GMAW) based hybrid process decrease the cooling rate in the HAZ therefore improving mechanical properties. These improvements can often be detected by microhardness profiles. While traditional hardness profiles tabulate hardness in a few regions of the weld, hardness mapping better profiles the hardness trends in the weldment. This paper will present welding results for the hybrid structural welding of a structural carbon steel using a 4 kW Nd:YAG based hybrid laser system. The data will center on the thermal response of the steel to the welding process, on the hardness mapping of the weldments and how the heat input altered the hardness and the mechanical properties of the welds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Edison Welding Inst, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4147 EP 4152 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400670 ER PT S AU Bierley, JM Gopinath, A AF Bierley, JM Gopinath, A BE Coutts, TJ Guazzoni, G Luther, J TI A parametric design study of InGaAs micro-thermophotovoltaic cells coupled with various emitters at near and far spacing SO THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY SP USA, CECOM, USA, Off Res (European Off), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE, NASA Glenn Res Ctr AB A design study was conducted to determine the effect of various parameters on the performance of InGaAs thermophotovoltaic devices. The electrical power output density of the device, and the device efficiency were analyzed by considering different emitter temperatures and materials, various receiver band gap levels, and a range of gap spacings between emitter and receiver. The far spacing model, or spacing of magnitude much greater than the wavelength of the emitted radiation, was based on classical radiative heat transfer equations and standard photovoltaic cell equations. The close spacing model, or spacing with a magnitude on the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the emitted radiation, was based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem whereby the energy is transmitted by evanescent waves between the emitter and receiver. The analytical models used realistic property values for both the receiver and the emitter, and the results show the superiority of tungsten and rhenium as emitters for the far spacing case. At close spacing, silicon carbide exceeds the performance of the refractory metals down to the spacing limited by current technology. However, if spacing control technology advances and smaller gaps become feasible, rhenium emitter devices could provide a significant increase in power density, and with similar efficiencies as the far spacing case. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bierley, JM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Code ME, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0113-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 653 BP 259 EP 276 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BW21J UT WOS:000181203400024 ER PT S AU Michael, S Michalopoulos, LP AF Michael, S Michalopoulos, LP BE Coutts, TJ Guazzoni, G Luther, J TI Design and optimization of Thermophotovoltaic devices using a new modeling approach SO THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL ROME, ITALY SP USA, CECOM, USA, Off Res (European Off), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE, NASA Glenn Res Ctr ID SOLAR-CELLS; JUNCTION AB A new method for developing a realistic model of any type of solar cell, with application to Thermophotovoltaic devices, is presented in this paper. Taking into account the high cost of research and experimentation involved with the development of advanced cells, we present here this novel methodology. An example model of an InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction cell is prepared and is fully simulated. The major stages of the process will be explained and the simulation results are compared to published experimental data. An example of cell parameters optimization is also presented. The flexibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated and example results are shown throughout the whole process. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, 699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0113-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 653 BP 363 EP 370 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BW21J UT WOS:000181203400033 ER PT S AU Pique, A Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Weir, DW Pratap, B Swider-Lyons, KE Kant, RA Chrisey, DB AF Pique, A Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Weir, DW Pratap, B Swider-Lyons, KE Kant, RA Chrisey, DB BE Miyamoto, I Kobayashi, KF Sugioka, K Poprawe, R Helvajian, H TI Laser-induced forward transfer direct-write of miniature sensor and microbattery systems SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LASER PRECISION MICROFABRICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Japan Laser Proc Soc, Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Inst Phys & Chem Res, High Temp Soc Japan, Natl Univ Singapore, Data Storage Inst, SPIE, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Kao Fdn Arts & Sci, Asahi Glass Fdn DE laser transfer; MAPLE direct-write; direct-write of sensors; direct-write of microbatteries ID CIRCUIT ELEMENTS; ELECTRONIC NOSE AB Direct-Write techniques have the potential to revolutionize the way miniature sensor devices and microbattery systems are designed and fabricated. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed an advanced laser-based forward transfer process for direct writing novel structures and devices comprising of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites under ambient conditions on both ceramic and plastic substrates. Using this forward transfer technique, we have demonstrated the ability to rapidly prototype various types of physical and chemical sensor devices, and microbatteries. The laser forward transfer process is computer controlled which allows the design of the devices to be easily modified and adapted to any specific application. Furthermore, the same process enables the fabrication of complete sensor or power-source systems by incorporating the passive electronic components required for sensor readout or power management. Examples are provided of various types of miniature sensors, and prototype alkaline and Li-ion microbatteries fabricated using this technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4601-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4830 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.486567 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW43Q UT WOS:000181979300033 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, ME TI Combinatorics of rooted trees and Hopf algebras SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Rooted tree; Hopf algebra; differential poset ID GRADED GRAPHS; RENORMALIZATION AB We begin by considering the graded vector space with a basis consisting of rooted trees, with grading given by the count of non-root vertices. We define two linear operators on this vector space, the growth and pruning operators, which respectively raise and lower grading; their commutator is the operator that multiplies a rooted tree by its number of vertices, and each operator naturally associates a multiplicity to each pair of rooted trees. By using symmetry groups of trees we define an inner product with respect to which the growth and pruning operators are adjoint, and obtain several results about the associated multiplicities. Now the symmetric algebra on the vector space of rooted trees ( after a degree shift) can be endowed with a coproduct to make a Hopf algebra; this was defined by Kreimer in connection with renormalization. We extend the growth and pruning operators, as well as the inner product mentioned above, to Kreimer's Hopf algebra. On the other hand, the vector space of rooted trees itself can be given a noncommutative multiplication: with an appropriate coproduct, this leads to the Hopf algebra of Grossman and Larson. We show that the inner product on rooted trees leads to an isomorphism of the Grossman-Larson Hopf algebra with the graded dual of Kreimer's Hopf algebra, correcting an earlier result of Panaite. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0002-9947 J9 T AM MATH SOC JI Trans. Am. Math. Soc. PY 2003 VL 355 IS 9 BP 3795 EP 3811 DI 10.1090/S0002-9947-03-03317-8 PG 17 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 695BG UT WOS:000183810800018 ER PT B AU Lambrakos, SG Fonda, RW Milewski, JO Mitchell, JE AF Lambrakos, SG Fonda, RW Milewski, JO Mitchell, JE BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Analysis of friction stir welds using the inverse-problem approach SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB A typical approach to the modeling of welding processes may be termed the direct-problem approach, in that the heat and material flow induced by the specific welding process is used to predict the temperature field across the weld via an explicit numerical solution of the equations of physical transport representing the flow of energy and material. This approach is characterized by complex, interrelated calculations involving material flow, heat conduction, and the coupling between the energy source and the material, as well as by the requirement of an a priori knowledge of the heat and material flow properties as a function of temperature. In this paper, we present an alternative approach, termed the inverse-problem approach, which defines the problem using many of the same equations, but instead of calculating the material and heat flow outward from the location of the energy source, this inverse problem approach uses data from the outer regions of the weld (e.g., the HAZ) to constrain the possible solutions in a self-consistent manner. Using this approach, a single experimental measurement, such as the temperature achieved at a certain position, can constrain the whole calculation to a specific solution. The inclusion of multiple experimental measurements of different types can be used to optimize the calculated dynamic temperature field associated with the given welding process. In this report we discuss various aspects of this inverse-problem approach for the analysis of welds obtained using the friction stir welding process. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700026 ER PT B AU Fonda, RW Lambrakos, SG AF Fonda, RW Lambrakos, SG BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Microstructural analysis and Modeling of the heat affected zone in Al 2519 friction stir welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB The microstructures responsible for property variations across the heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of friction stir welds (FSWs) in Al 2519 were analyzed by electron microscopy and related to the results of microhardness tests, thermal simulations, and modeling. Mapping the microhardness across a transverse cross section of the FSW reveals a soft band at the HAZ/TMAZ boundary. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructural variations across this soft band. The thermal fields responsible for these microstructural. changes were modeled with an inverse-problem approach that was scaled according to the results of experimental thermal simulations. These studies reveal the precipitate coarsening, dissolution, and reprecipitation that produce this soft band in friction stir welding of this alloy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700041 ER PT B AU Posada, M DeLoach, J Reynolds, AP Halpin, JP AF Posada, M DeLoach, J Reynolds, AP Halpin, JP BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Mechanical property and microstructural evaluation of friction stir welded AL-6XN SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Posada, M (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700054 ER PT B AU Moon, DW Lambrakos, SG Wong, RJ Metzbower, EA AF Moon, DW Lambrakos, SG Wong, RJ Metzbower, EA BE David, SA DebRoy, T Lippold, JC Smartt, HB Vitek, JM TI Hardness and macrostructures in an HSLA100 weld SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY APR 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP ASM Int AB A unique series of welds have been fabricated in HSLA100 steel plates by gas metal arc welding at three different heat inputs (1.0, 1.5, and 2.2 kJ/mm). The initial pass on each weld was made over the entire length of the plate. Each subsequent pass was indented approximately 25 mm and then made the length of the plate. This configuration allowed us to examine the consequence of a subsequent weld pass on the prior weld beads by slicing the welds at appropriate positions along its length. These slices were then polished and the macrostructure was determined. Measures of hardness were then determined over the entire weld zone, including the heat-affected zone and the base plate. Correlations were then determined between the hardness maps and the macrostructure. A bead-on-plate weld was made on each plate at the corresponding heat input and was used to determine the thermal profile at various points in the weld. Correlations will be made between the various microstructures, the macrostructure, the calculated thermal profiles, and the hardness values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moon, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-780-2 PY 2003 BP 690 EP 694 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW54Q UT WOS:000182376700120 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Singer, IL AF Scharf, TW Singer, IL TI Monitoring transfer films and friction instabilities with in situ Raman tribometry SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE friction; transfer film; Raman spectroscopy; DLC ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; SLIDING CONTACT; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR; WEAR AB The friction behavior of amorphous diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) coatings (C : H : Si : O) in low speed, dry sliding contact has been investigated using a home-built, in situ Raman tribometer. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed against sapphire hemispheres in dry (similar to4% RH) and humid (similar to40% RH) air at contact stresses of 0.7 and 1.1 GPa. In situ optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the formation, thickening, thinning, and loss of transfer films at the sliding interface. As the transfer film thickened, Raman spectra in the C-C band region ( 1300 to 1600 cm(-1)) evolved from that of the coating to the transfer film. Moreover, each spectrum could be represented as a weighted sum of the coating plus transfer film spectra. A shift in the G-band peak, a feature of the spectrum, was shown to correlate with the relative amount of transfer film. Raman spectroscopy was shown to be a simpler method of monitoring transfer film thickness than in situ visualization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1023/A:1021942830132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628MR UT WOS:000179999900002 ER PT S AU Keenihan, SH Gramzinksi, R Ratiwayanto, S Hadiputranto, H Riberu, W Soebianto, S Rusjdy, F Syafruddin, D Kartikasari, A Djojosubroto, M Setianingsih, I Harahap, A Krisin Fryauff, D Richie, T Charoenvit, Y Marwoto, HA Kumar, S Hoffman, S Marzuki, S Baird, K AF Keenihan, SH Gramzinksi, R Ratiwayanto, S Hadiputranto, H Riberu, W Soebianto, S Rusjdy, F Syafruddin, D Kartikasari, A Djojosubroto, M Setianingsih, I Harahap, A Krisin Fryauff, D Richie, T Charoenvit, Y Marwoto, HA Kumar, S Hoffman, S Marzuki, S Baird, K BE Marzuki, S Verhoef, J Snippe, H TI Plasmodium falciparum - Mechanisms of innate and acquired protection against Plasmodium falciparum in Javanese transmigrant adults and children newly resident in malaria-endemic Northwest Papua SO TROPICAL DISEASES: FROM MOLECULE TO BEDSIDE SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Eijkman Symposium on Tropical Diseases CY SEP 02-06, 2001 CL BOGOR, INDONESIA ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; HUMAN-IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; UNSTABLE MALARIA; HOLOENDEMIC AREA; STAGE ANTIGENS; IMMUNITY; AGE; DISEASE C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. LITBANGKES, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Keenihan, SH (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47799-8 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2003 VL 531 BP 83 EP 102 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BX17A UT WOS:000184498000007 PM 12916783 ER PT B AU Posner, F Gerlach, K AF Posner, F Gerlach, K BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI The life and times of a sea spike: A study of wideband sea clutter at high range resolutions and very low grazing angles SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Posner, F (reprint author), USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600007 ER PT B AU Kragalott, M Pickles, WR Kluskens, MS AF Kragalott, M Pickles, WR Kluskens, MS BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI The role of mutual coupling in a 5 : 1 bandwidth stripline notch array SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kragalott, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600028 ER PT B AU Mokole, E Samaddar, S Sorenson, G Kragalott, M Gold, B Parent, M AF Mokole, E Samaddar, S Sorenson, G Kragalott, M Gold, B Parent, M BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Analytical, numerical, and experimental results for wide-angle biconical antennas SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mokole, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 345 EP 356 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600031 ER PT B AU Cohen, LS Light, AH AF Cohen, LS Light, AH BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of ultrawideband (UWB) short-pulse systems in military environments SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cohen, LS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 553 EP 561 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600051 ER PT B AU Scheff, K Hansen, P AF Scheff, K Hansen, P BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Radar detection and imaging of buried objects SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scheff, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5340,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 583 EP 590 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600054 ER PT S AU Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Lindle, JR Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Kim, CS Lindle, JR Meyer, JR BE Tsen, KTF Song, JJ Jiang, HX TI Broad-area optical coherence in photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VII CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor lasers; photonic crystals; optical coherence; surface-emitting lasers ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; SURFACE EMITTING LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; BEAM QUALITY; DIODE-LASERS; WELL LASERS; HIGH-POWER; GAIN; OPERATION AB Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers can potentially operate in a single optical mode that remains coherent over extremely large device areas, e.g., > 1 mm(2), in spite of the effects of filamentation induced by the linewidth enhancement factor. Two-dimensional diffraction is induced by gratings that are defined on a rectangular lattice for edge emission, or on a hexagonal or square lattice for surface emission. Numerical simulations based on original algorithms reveal that whereas minimizing that product is almost always advantageous in edge-emitting lasers, an optimized surface-emitter should have an intermediate value. We also review recent experimental demonstrations of both 2(nd)-order and 1(st)-order optically pumped broad-stripe PCDFB lasers with "W" active regions that emit in the mid-IR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4792-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4992 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.473274 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BX02E UT WOS:000183989700012 ER PT S AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Wolff, MT Laming, JM Gursky, H Carruthers, GR Barbee, TW Kordas, JF Mauche, CW Fritz, GG Varlese, SJ Barstow, MA Fraser, GW Siegmund, OHW Welsh, BY Brickhouse, NS Dupree, AK Brown, A Bruhweiler, FC Cameron, AC Holberg, JB Howell, SB Jordan, C Linsky, JL Matthews, SA Sion, EM Werner, K AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Wood, KS Yentis, DJ Wolff, MT Laming, JM Gursky, H Carruthers, GR Barbee, TW Kordas, JF Mauche, CW Fritz, GG Varlese, SJ Barstow, MA Fraser, GW Siegmund, OHW Welsh, BY Brickhouse, NS Dupree, AK Brown, A Bruhweiler, FC Cameron, AC Holberg, JB Howell, SB Jordan, C Linsky, JL Matthews, SA Sion, EM Werner, K BE Siegmund, OHW TI Proposed mission concept for the astrophysical plasmadynamic explorer (APEX): An EUV high resolution spectroscopic SMEX SO UV/EUV AND VISIBLE SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/EUV and Visible Space Instrumentation for Astronomy II CY AUG 07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE satellite instruments; spectrometers; diffraction gratings; multilayer coatings; extreme ultraviolet ID STELLAR CORONAL ABUNDANCES; CONSISTENT DIFFUSION-MODELS; LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; DELAY-LINE DETECTORS; DA WHITE-DWARFS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; X-RAY; STARS; IONIZATION; SPECTRA AB APEX is a proposed mission for a Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite. APEX will investigate the density, temperature, composition, magnetic field, structure, and dynamics of hot astrophysical plasmas (log T = similar to5-7), which emit the bulk of their radiation at EUV wavelengths and produce critical spectral diagnostics not found at other wavelengths. APEX addresses basic questions of stellar evolution and galactic structure through high-resolution spectroscopy of white dwarf stars, cataclysmic variables, the local interstellar medium, and stellar coronae. Thus APEX complements the Chandra, Newton-XMM, FUSE, and CHIPS missions. The instrument is a suite of 8 near-normal incidence spectrometers (similar to90-275 Angstroms, resolving power similar to10,000, effective area 30-50 cm(2)) each of which employs a multilayer-coated ion-etched blazed diffraction grating and a microchannel plate detector of high quantum efficiency and high spatial resolution. The instrument is mounted on a 3-axis stabilized commercial spacecraft bus with a precision pointing system. The spacecraft is launched by a Taurus vehicle, and payload size and weight fit comfortably within limits for the 2210 fairing. Of order 100 targets will be observed over the baseline mission of 2 years. These are selected carefully to maximize scientific return, and all were detected in the EUVE and the ROSA WFC surveys. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Matthews, Sarah/C-4292-2008; OI Matthews, Sarah/0000-0001-9346-8179 NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5037-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5164 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.508548 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY24Y UT WOS:000188421200001 ER PT B AU Schallhorn, S Stonecipher, KG Krueger, RR Durrie, DS Slade, SG Pallikaris, IG Michelson, M Vinciguerra, P AF Schallhorn, S Stonecipher, KG Krueger, RR Durrie, DS Slade, SG Pallikaris, IG Michelson, M Vinciguerra, P BE Koury, JB TI Round table - LASIK complications: new approaches SO WAVEFRONT AND EMERGING REFRACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Symposium of the New-Orleans-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY FEB 22-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP New Orleans Acad Ophthalmol C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schallhorn, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KUGLER PUBLICATIONS BV PI THE HAGUE PA PO BOX 97747, 2509 GC THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6299-185-8 PY 2003 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA BW82L UT WOS:000183285800012 ER PT S AU Tighe, JE Karagiannis, L Lebaric, J Ha, TT AF Tighe, JE Karagiannis, L Lebaric, J Ha, TT GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance of DS-CDMA cellular forward channel with Nakagami-square-lognormal fading model SO WCNC 2003: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP NTT Do Co Mo, Motorola, Nokia, Verizon, Ericsson, IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc ID POWER-CONTROL; SYSTEMS AB We developed the forward channel model for a DSCDMA cellular system operating in a slow-flat Nakagami-fading and lognormal-shadowing environment. Forward error correction is integrated into the analysis by applying convolution encoding with soft-decision decoding. The worst-case probability of bit error for a mobile user at the edge of the center cell of a seven-cell cluster is developed using Gaussian approximation. We also incorporate user distribution and power control and antenna sectoring into our analysis. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tighe, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 0-7803-7700-1 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2003 BP 178 EP 183 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW67R UT WOS:000182770600032 ER PT B AU Harris, HC Liebert, J Anderson, SF Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Knapp, GR Strauss, MA AF Harris, HC Liebert, J Anderson, SF Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Knapp, GR Strauss, MA BE DeMartino, D Silvotti, R Solheim, JE Kalytis, R TI Unusual white dwarfs found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO WHITE DWARFS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on White Dwarfs CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP NATO C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1363-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 105 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX42U UT WOS:000185234100118 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Tustison, RW TI A peek into the history of sapphire crystal growth SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual International Conference on Electro-Optic Windows, Domes, and Materials CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; crystal growth; Verneuil; EFG crystal growth; HEM crystal growth; gradient solidification; dome ID GRADIENT SOLIDIFICATION METHOD AB After the chemical compositions of sapphire and ruby were unraveled in the middle of the 19(th) century, chemists set out to grow artificial crystals of these valuable gemstones. In 1885 a dealer in Geneva began to sell ruby that is now believed to have been created by flame fusion. Gemologists rapidly concluded that the stones were artificial, but the Geneva ruby stimulated A. V. L. Verneuil in Paris to develop a flame fusion process to produce higher quality ruby and sapphire. By 1900 there was brisk demand for ruby manufactured by Verneuil's method, even though Verneuil did not publicly announce his work until 1902 and did not publish details until 1904. The Verneuil process was used with little alteration for the next 50 years. From 1932-1953, S. K. Popov in the Soviet Union established a capability for manufacturing high quality sapphire by the Verneuil process. In the U.S., under government contract, Linde Air Products Co. implemented the Verneuil process for ruby and sapphire when European sources were cut off during World War II. These materials were essential to the war effort for jewel bearings in precision instruments. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Czochralski process was implemented by Linde and its successor, Union Carbide, to make higher crystal quality material for ruby lasers. Stimulated by a government contract for structural fibers in 1966, H. LaBelle invented edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG). The Saphikon company, which is currently owned by Saint-Gobain, evolved from this effort. Independently and simultaneously, Stepanov developed edge-defined film-fed growth in the Soviet Union. In 1967 F. Schmid and D. Viechnicki at the Army Materials Research Lab grew sapphire by the heat exchanger method (HEM). Schmid went on to establish Crystal Systems, Inc. around this technology. Rotem Industries, founded in Israel in 1969, perfected the growth of sapphire hemispheres and near-net-shape domes by gradient solidification. In the U.S., growth of near-net-shape sapphire domes was demonstrated by both the EFG and HEM methods in the 1980s under government contract, but neither method entered commercial production. Today, domes in the U.S. are made by "scooping" sapphire boules with diamond-impregnated cutting tools. Commercial markets for sapphire, especially in the semiconductor industry, are healthy and growing at the dawn of the 21(st) century. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Code 4T42A0D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4937-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5078 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.501428 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BX69M UT WOS:000186145200001 ER PT S AU Harris, DC Esquivel, O Chaffee, PD Anteby, I Ifergan, R Pinkas, M Horowitz, A Lotem, H Regan, TM Mecholsky, JJ AF Harris, DC Esquivel, O Chaffee, PD Anteby, I Ifergan, R Pinkas, M Horowitz, A Lotem, H Regan, TM Mecholsky, JJ BE Tustison, RW TI Laser thermal shock testing of neutron-irradiated sapphire SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual International Conference on Electro-Optic Windows, Domes, and Materials CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sapphire; thermal shock; laser thermal shock testing; neutron irradiation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB Half of a set of sapphire disks was exposed to fast neutrons (0.8-10 MeV) at a fluence of 10(22) neutrons/m(2). Each 25-mm-diameter x 1-mm-thick disk was then exposed to a 10.6 gm CO2 laser (121 W/cm(2)) while the central 12.7-mm-diameter region of the disk was shielded from the laser. c-Plane disks that had not been exposed to neutrons survived 76% longer than a-plane disks that had not been exposed to neutrons. Neutron irradiation had no significant effect on time to failure of c-plane sapphire. However, neutron irradiation increased the survival time of a-plane sapphire by 30%-a result that was significant at the 99.9% confidence level. c-Plane disks were expected to fail in tension at the center of the disk. The calculated tensile stress at the mean failure time was similar to700 MPa and the center temperature was similar to400degreesC. By contrast, a-plane disks failed near the boundary between the shielded central region and the exposed outer annulus. The radial stress at this location is tensile and the hoop stress is compressive. Failure origins were at surface scratches. Rhombohedral twinning was observed in many a-plane disks, but there was no fractographic evidence that r-plane twinning caused failure. The mechanism by which neutron irradiation increases the time to failure of a-plane disks is unknown. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Code 4T42A0D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4937-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5078 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.486393 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BX69M UT WOS:000186145200008 ER PT S AU Bayya, SS Chin, GD Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Bayya, SS Chin, GD Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID BE Tustison, RW TI VIS-IR transmitting BGG glass windows SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual International Conference on Electro-Optic Windows, Domes, and Materials CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE germanate; glass; large-size; durable; low-cost; vis-IR windows ID BAO-GA2O3-GEO2 GLASSES AB BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 (BGG) glasses have the desired properties for various window applications in the 0.5-5 mum wavelength region. These glasses are low cost alternatives to the currently used window materials. Fabrication of a high optical quality 18" diameter BGG glass window has been demonstrated with a transmitted wave front error of lambda/10 at 632 nm. BGG substrates have also been successfully tested for environmental weatherability (MIL-F-48616) and rain erosion durability up to 300 mph. Preliminary EMI grids have been successfully applied on BGG glasses demonstrating attenuation of 20dB in X and Ku bands. Although the mechanical properties of BGG glasses are acceptable for various window applications, it is demonstrated here that the properties can be further improved significantly by the glass-ceramization process. The ceramization process does not add any significant cost to the final window material. The crystallite size in the present glass-ceramic limits its transmission to the 2-5 mum region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4937-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5078 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1117/12.487723 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BX69M UT WOS:000186145200023 ER PT S AU Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF Wulf, EA BE Trumper, JE Tananbaum, HD TI Sensitivity of an Advanced Compton Telescope SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Telescopes and Instruments for Astronomy CY AUG 24-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE gamma-ray; Compton; astrophysics ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; DETECTORS AB The Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) should provide well over an order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared to other previous or planned instruments in low-energy gamma-ray astronomy. This will be needed in the study of the nuclear line/MeV region of the gamma-ray spectrum. Such an instrument covers a broad range of science objectives, ranging from the study the 56Ni light curves of supernovae and measurements of supernova dynamics, to 26Al, 22Na, and 61Fe maps of the galaxy, and the first gamma-ray polarization observations probing the geometry of the emission regions of a variety of objects such as AGN, pulsars, and gamma ray bursts. These objectives depend critically on the sensitivity that can be achieved. We present a study of the sensitivity that can be achieved by the ACT, considering estimates of backgrounds, position resolution, energy resolution, Doppler broadening, and recoil electron tracking. Efficiency questions are considered that arise from passive materials within the active volume and track reconstruction. A sensitivity estimate for ACT is presented for a reasonable instrument size and configuration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kroeger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4630-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4851 BP 1236 EP 1245 DI 10.1117/12.461474 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW45N UT WOS:000182073600123 ER PT J AU Holian, BL Germann, TC Maillet, JB White, CT AF Holian, BL Germann, TC Maillet, JB White, CT TI Atomistic mechanism for hot spot initiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AB We propose a picture of the role of shock-wave interactions with microscopic voids that leads to significant heating, sufficient to thermally initiate chemical reactions in solid explosives, or phase transitions in metals. The key ingredients to this dramatic overshoot in temperature are: (i) a strong enough shock wave to cause vaporization of material into the void; (ii) the stagnation of low-density vapor (for a wide enough gap) at the far side; and (iii) recompression of the gas (pressure-volume work) from low density back to the original shocked density. We explore dependencies on both shock strength and one-dimensional gap width in atomistic simulations of a two-dimensional unreactive Lennard-Jones solid, comparing observed thermal overshoot with a straightforward model, to show how hot spots can be generated under shock-wave conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Comml Energia Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holian, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 9 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 28 AR 285501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.285501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 634AM UT WOS:000180317900030 PM 12513155 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Lowe, K Daulton, TL Jones-Meehan, J Little, BJ AF Neal, AL Lowe, K Daulton, TL Jones-Meehan, J Little, BJ TI Oxidation state of chromium associated with cell surfaces of Shewanella oneidensis during chromate reduction SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chromate reduction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy; microanalysis; Shewanella ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; MULTIPLET STRUCTURE; VACANCY LEVELS; IRON; COMPLEXES; ACCEPTOR; CR(III) AB Employing electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we demonstrate that in both aerobic and anaerobic culture Shewanella oneidensis cells are capable of chromate reduction. No CC(VI) or Cr(V) species were identified at the cell surfaces in Cr 2P(3/2) core photoelectron spectra. More chromium was associated with cell surfaces recovered from anaerobic medium than aerobic. Multiplet-splitting models derived for Cr(III) and Cr(IV) were employed to determine contributions from each ion to Cr 2P(3/2) photopeaks collected from the various cell treatments. whilst in all cases Cr(III) was the major ion associated with cell surfaces, a significant contribution was identified due to Cr(IV) in anaerobically grown cells. The Cr(IV) contribution was far less when cells were grown aerobically. Moreover, when anaerobically grown cells were exposed to oxygen very little re-oxidation of Cr-precipitates occurred, the precipitates were again identified as a mixture of Cr(III) and Cr(IV). A positive relationship was observed between amounts of chromium and phosphorous associated with cell surfaces resulting from the various treatments, suggesting the precipitates included Cr(III)-phosphate. The fact that Cr(IV) remained associated with precipitates following re-oxidation suggests that under anaerobic conditions the intermediate ion is afforded sufficient stability to be incorporated within the precipitate matrix and thus conferred a degree of protection from oxidation. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Neal, AL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 202 IS 3-4 BP 150 EP 159 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00550-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00550-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 631BL UT WOS:000180147000003 ER PT J AU Louchard, EM Reid, RP Stephens, CF Davis, CO Leathers, RA Downes, TV Maffione, R AF Louchard, EM Reid, RP Stephens, CF Davis, CO Leathers, RA Downes, TV Maffione, R TI Derivative analysis of absorption features in hyperspectral remote sensing data of carbonate sediments SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; WATER; NM AB This study uses derivative spectroscopy to assess qualitative and quantitative information regarding seafloor types that can be extracted from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance signals. Carbonate sediments with variable concentrations of microbial pigments were used as a model system. Reflectance signals measured directly over sediment bottoms were compared with remotely sensed data from the same sites collected using an airborne sensor. Absorption features associated with accessory pigments in the sediments were lost to the water column. However major sediment pigments, chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin, were identified in the remote sensing spectra and showed quantitative correlation with sediment pigment concentrations. Derivative spectra were also used to create a simple bathymetric algorithm. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hobi Labs, Tucson, AZ 85749 USA. RP Louchard, EM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM elouchard@rsmas.miami.edu; preid@rsmas.miami.edu; cstephens@rsmas.miami.edu; curtiss.davis@nrl.navy.mil; leathers@nrl.navy.mil; downes@nrl.navy.mil; maffione@hobilabs.com NR 18 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 26 BP 1573 EP 1584 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 630NT UT WOS:000180115100007 PM 19461694 ER PT J AU Lean, JL Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Lean, JL Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI The effect of increasing solar activity on the Sun's total and open magnetic flux during multiple cycles: Implications for solar forcing of climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE VARIATION; FIELD AB [1] We investigate the relationship between solar irradiance and cosmogenic isotope variations by simulating with a flux transport model the effect of solar activity on the Sun's total and open magnetic flux. As the total amount of magnetic flux deposited in successive cycles increases, the polar fields build up, producing a secular increase in the open flux that controls the interplanetary magnetic field which modulates the cosmic ray flux that produces cosmogenic isotopes. Non-axisymmetric fields at lower latitudes decay on time scales of less than a year; as a result the total magnetic flux at the solar surface, which controls the Sun's irradiance, lacks an upward trend during cycle minima. This suggests that secular increases in cosmogenic and geomagnetic proxies of solar activity may not necessarily imply equivalent secular trends in solar irradiance. Questions therefore arise about the interpretation of Sun-climate relationships, which typically assume that the proxies imply radiative forcing. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 17 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 24 AR 2224 DI 10.1029/2002GL015880 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649WT UT WOS:000181231500008 ER PT J AU Ridal, M Siskind, DE AF Ridal, M Siskind, DE TI A two-dimensional simulation of the isotopic composition of water vapor and methane in the upper atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water; methane; isotopes; stratosphere; transport ID INFRARED SOLAR SPECTRA; SHUTTLE MISSIONS; POLAR VORTEX; HDO; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; DESCENT; CH3D; H2O AB [1] A chemical oxidation scheme where CH3D produces HDO has been incorporated into a two-dimensional model to simulate the transport and isotopic composition chemistry of stratospheric methane and water. The model results show that deuterium ratios in water and methane are good tracers of stratospheric dynamics. Comparisons with measurements by the ATMOS instrument suggest that the modeled methane isotopic ratio is too low in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The very low amount of CH4 and CH3D in the middle to upper stratosphere makes the isotopic ratio for methane more sensitive to model uncertainties than the isotopic ratio of water vapor. One reason for the too low isotopic ratio values may be that the reaction rates in the oxidation of CH3D are slower than assumed. The isotopic ratio for methane was very sensitive to changes in the rate constants for the reactions of CH3D with OH, O(D-1) and Cl, while the water vapor isotopic ratio only shows small changes. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Upper Atmospher Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Ridal, M (reprint author), SMIH, SE-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. EM martin.ridal@smih.se; sisking@uap2.nrl.navy.mil OI Ridal, Martin/0000-0002-2716-1571 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D24 AR 4807 DI 10.1029/2002JD002215 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650JF UT WOS:000181259400009 ER PT J AU Kindle, JC Hodur, RM deRada, S Paduan, JD Rosenfeld, LK Chavez, FQ AF Kindle, JC Hodur, RM deRada, S Paduan, JD Rosenfeld, LK Chavez, FQ TI A COAMPS (TM) reanalysis for the Eastern Pacific: Properties of the diurnal sea breeze along the central California coast SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYER AB [1] This paper introduces and evaluates a new atmospheric model reanalysis product for the U. S. west coast from the Navy's operational Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(TM)) implemented on a triply nested 81/27/9 km grid. Wind measurements from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) moorings are used to evaluate a two year time series of the model output from October 1998 to October 2000. The model accurately reproduced both the landward decrease in the large-scale wind field and the shoreward intensification of the diurnal cycle during the summer season. This new reanalysis product will be required for accurate high resolution (km) coastal (0-10 km) simulations of the U. S. west coast by ocean models. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Kindle, JC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 24 AR 2203 DI 10.1029/2002GL015566 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649WR UT WOS:000181231400007 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Fejer, BG Shepherd, GG Solheim, BH AF Emmert, JT Fejer, BG Shepherd, GG Solheim, BH TI Altitude dependence of middle and low-latitude daytime thermospheric disturbance winds measured by WINDII SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; wind; geomagnetic storms; disturbance ID ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; NEUTRAL WINDS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MILLSTONE-HILL; IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; SAINT-SANTIN; 1993 STORM; IONOSPHERE; TIDES; CLIMATOLOGY AB [1] Thermospheric neutral winds exhibit strong altitudinal and latitudinal variation during geomagnetically quiet and active times. We use daytime middle and low-latitude neutral winds measured by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) instrument on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) over the 90-275 km height range to study the altitude and season dependent climatology of disturbance winds (i.e., with quiet time patterns removed) in magnetic coordinates. The daytime perturbations winds are generally equatorward and westward and decrease toward the magnetic equator. Both the zonal and meridional components decrease sharply below 120 km and are essentially insignificant below 100 km. The seasonal dependence of the disturbance winds is strongest in the early morning sector. The zonal disturbance winds are predominantly westward with largest magnitudes near 150 km at late afternoon upper midlatitudes (magnetic latitudes 50degrees-60degrees) and near 120 km in the early morning winter between 25degrees and 45degrees. At upper midlatitudes in the early morning sector, the zonal perturbation winds are eastward above 120 km in the summer hemisphere and between similar to120 and 180 km in the winter hemisphere. Eastward perturbations are also observed near the magnetic equator with largest values near noon at 250 km. The meridional perturbation winds are mostly equatorward and nearly height-independent above similar to150 km, with the largest magnitudes occurring in the early morning winter hemisphere. In the late afternoon sector the upper midlatitude meridional disturbance winds are poleward, and there is a small winter-to-summer flow at lower latitudes. In general, the storm-time dependence of the disturbance winds is quite complex. The perturbation winds begin to develop after 0-9 hours and tend to saturate 12-24 hours after storm onset. The development does not change much with altitude, and the seasonal dependence is generally important only at storm times greater than 6-12 hours. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84222 USA. York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7643,Bldg 209,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1483 DI 10.1029/2002JA009646 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 650BP UT WOS:000181242700005 ER PT J AU Picone, JM Hedin, AE Drob, DP Aikin, AC AF Picone, JM Hedin, AE Drob, DP Aikin, AC TI NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE empirical; atmosphere; model; composition; temperature; drag ID THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; HOT OXYGEN; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SATELLITE DRAG; MILLSTONE HILL; DENSITY; CLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; GEOCORONA AB [1] The new NRLMSISE-00 empirical atmospheric model extends from the ground to the exobase and is a major upgrade of the MSISE-90 model in the thermosphere. The new model and the associated NRLMSIS database now include the following data: (1) total mass density from satellite accelerometers and from orbit determination (including the Jacchia and Barlier data sets), (2) temperature from incoherent scatter radar covering 1981-1997, and (3) molecular oxygen number density, [O-2], from solar ultraviolet occultation aboard the Solar Maximum Mission. A new component, "anomalous oxygen,'' allows for appreciable O+ and hot atomic oxygen contributions to the total mass density at high altitudes and applies primarily to drag estimation above 500 km. Extensive tables compare our entire database to the NRLMSISE-00, MSISE-90, and Jacchia-70 models for different altitude bands and levels of geomagnetic activity. We also explore scientific issues related to the new data sets in the NRLMSIS database. Especially noteworthy is the solar activity dependence of the Jacchia data, with which we study a large O+ contribution to the total mass density under the combination of summer, low solar activity, high latitude, and high altitude. Under these conditions, except at very low solar activity, the Jacchia data and the Jacchia-70 model indeed show a significantly higher total mass density than does MSISE-90. However, under the corresponding winter conditions, the MSIS-class models represent a noticeable improvement relative to Jacchia-70 over a wide range of F-10.7. Considering the two regimes together, NRLMSISE-00 achieves an improvement over both MSISE-90 and Jacchia-70 by incorporating advantages of each. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,Bldg 209,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM picone@nrl.navy.mil RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 36 TC 1091 Z9 1130 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 24 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1468 DI 10.1029/2002JA009430 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 650BF UT WOS:000181241900010 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Andrews, MD AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Andrews, MD TI Polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field during cycle 23 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal holes; heliospheric current sheet; polar field reversal; solar magnetic field; solar wind; sunspot maximum ID FLUX-TUBE DIVERGENCE; WIND; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; ULYSSES; MAXIMUM; MODELS; SPEED AB [1] Using magnetograph data, coronagraph observations, and source surface extrapolations, we examine the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field from 1996 through the 2000-2001 polarity reversal and show how this evolution is reflected in coronal holes, coronal streamers, the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and the solar wind. The photospheric polarity reversal is completed in the more active Northern Hemisphere in late 2000 and then in the Southern Hemisphere in 2001. The polar coronal holes disappear in 2000 and start to re-form in 2001; during this interval, most of the open magnetic flux resides in the active region latitudes, where small coronal holes with strong footpoint fields generate predominantly slow solar wind. The nondipolar nature of the large-scale coronal field at sunspot maximum gives rise to complex streamer/HCS topologies, in which a four-sector structure and even a secondary, detached current sheet with cylindrical geometry are sometimes present. Comparison of the potential field extrapolations with coronagraph and Ulysses observations suggests that the magnetograph measurements may have underestimated the strength of the south polar field during late 2000. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 24 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1465 DI 10.1029/2002JA009463 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 650BF UT WOS:000181241900011 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Ryu, SH Suvorov, AV AF Saks, NS Ryu, SH Suvorov, AV TI Low-dose n-type nitrogen implants in 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 6H SILICON-CARBIDE; 4H AB Lightly-doped n-type layers have been fabricated in 4H-SiC by low-dose implantation of nitrogen ions and characterized using the Hall effect. Near-bulk electron mobility is achieved in the implanted layers. Activation rates for the implanted nitrogen ions, energies and densities of the two-level nitrogen donor, and compensation are found from fitting the measured Hall free-electron density to a charge neutrality model as a function of temperature. Measured nitrogen activation rates are 55% and 71% for 1300 and 1600degreesC anneal temperatures, respectively. Compensation due to unannealed implant damage is 32% and 17% of the implant dose for 1300 and 1600degreesC anneal temperatures, respectively. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6813, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 26 BP 4958 EP 4960 DI 10.1063/1.1531838 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 628VY UT WOS:000180018300022 ER PT J AU Liu, YK Kryder, MH Harris, VG AF Liu, YK Kryder, MH Harris, VG TI Field-induced anisotropic nitrogen distribution as the source of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in (Fe0.98Al0.02)(1-delta)N-delta films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB Extended x-ray absorption fine structure is employed to describe a physical fingerprint that distinguishes the easy and hard in-plane magnetic axes in (Fe0.98Al0.02)(t-delta)N-delta films. This fingerprint manifests as an anisotropic strain field about the Fe atom and is shown to scale with magnetic anisotropy energy as 5 increases. We propose this effect is due to an anisotropic distribution of N atoms caused by the application of a magnetic field during growth. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, YK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 26 BP 4985 EP 4987 DI 10.1063/1.1531224 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 628VY UT WOS:000180018300031 ER PT J AU Maslowski, W Walczowski, W AF Maslowski, W Walczowski, W TI Circulation of the Baltic Sea and its connection to the Pan-Arctic region - a large scale and high-resolution modeling approach SO BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Study Conference on Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX) CY JUL 02-06, 2001 CL FINLAND ID OCEAN AB The Baltic Sea has traditionally been considered as a semi-enclosed marginal sea with little or no influence on the adjacent oceans. We employ an eddy-permitting, coupled ice-ocean model of the Pan-Arctic region to study the Baltic Sea, especially its circulation and property exchanges with the North Sea and other regions. Using this high-resolution and large scale model we focus here on the freshwater export from the Baltic Sea and its transport by the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) into the Norwegian and Barents Sea. We hypothesize that the freshwater outflow from the Baltic Sea plays a significant role in modification of Atlantic Water properties along its northern pathway from the North Atlantic, through the Nordic Seas, and into the Arctic Ocean. Recommendations are made for more realistic model representation of the Baltic Sea circulation to advance understanding of this region's influence on the large-scale northern polar ocean circulation and climate change. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INST PI HELSINKI PA P O BOX 140, FIN-00251 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 1239-6095 J9 BOREAL ENVIRON RES JI Boreal Environ. Res. PD DEC 23 PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 319 EP 325 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820FC UT WOS:000221371800003 ER PT J AU Yang, CS Thiltges, J Doudin, B Johnson, M AF Yang, CS Thiltges, J Doudin, B Johnson, M TI In situ monitoring of quantum conductance in electrodeposited magnetic point contacts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID QUANTIZATION; NANOWIRES AB Electrodeposition of Ni over electrodes initially separated by less than 100 nm has made possible the study of the conductance across increasingly smaller gaps between two magnetic materials. In situ measurements of the inter-electrode impedance showed conductance steps at multiples of e(2) / h, confirming the absence of spin degeneracy in ferromagnetic nanocontacts. No magnetoresistance larger than 10% for conductance values smaller than 50 e(2) / h was observed during the contact growth or dissolution under a sweeping external magnetic field. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Brace Lab 116, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, CS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Brace Lab 116, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Doudin, Bernard/I-4758-2016 OI Doudin, Bernard/0000-0002-0657-4780 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 23 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 50 BP L765 EP L771 AR PII S0953-8984(02)56517-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/50/101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 716GL UT WOS:000185020400001 ER PT J AU Park, K Dalal, NS Rikvold, PA AF Park, K Dalal, NS Rikvold, PA TI Effect of defects on the line shape of electron paramagnetic resonance signals from the single-molecule magnet Mn-12: A theoretical study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY EPR-SPECTRA; ACETATE; MAGNETIZATION; MN-12-ACETATE; CLUSTER; NANOMAGNET; RELAXATION AB We estimate the effect of lattice defects on the line shape of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals from a single crystal of the S = 10 single-molecule magnet Mn-12, measured with the external magnetic field along the crystal c axis. A second-order perturbation treatment of an effective single-spin Hamiltonian indicates that a small, random and static misorientation of the magnetic symmetry axes in a crystalline lattice can lead to asymmetric EPR peaks. Full spectra are simulated by calculating probability-distribution functions for the resonant fields, employing distributions in the tilt angle of the easy axis from the c axis, in the uniaxial anisotropy parameter, and in the g-factor. We discuss conditions under which the asymmetry in the EPR spectra becomes prominent. The direction and magnitude of the asymmetry provide information on the specific energy levels involved with the EPR transition, the EPR frequency, and the distribution in the tilt angle. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 24 BP 11292 EP 11300 DI 10.1063/1.1522370 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 624RD UT WOS:000179774000038 ER PT J AU Ray, PS Chakrabarty, D AF Ray, PS Chakrabarty, D TI The orbit of the high-mass X-ray binary pulsar 1E 1145.1-6141 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; pulsars : individual (1E 1145.1-6141); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID 2S 1145-619 AB Observations of the 297 s X-ray pulsar 1E 1145.1-6141 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer have revealed its 14.4 day eccentric orbit around its B supergiant companion. The best-fit orbital elements are P-orb = 14.365(2) days, a(x) sin i = 99.4(18) 1t-s, and e = 0.20(3). No eclipses are detected, indicating that the binary inclination is less than or similar to 55degrees. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 581 IS 2 BP 1293 EP 1296 DI 10.1086/344300 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627DA UT WOS:000179914300045 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Habbal, SR Hu, YQ AF Patsourakos, S Habbal, SR Hu, YQ TI Ion effective temperatures in polar coronal holes: Observations versus ion-cyclotron resonance SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID FAST SOLAR-WIND; ALFVEN WAVES; HEAVY-IONS; ACCELERATION; REGIONS; ELEMENTS; OUTFLOW; LINES; SUMER; SOHO AB The resonant cyclotron interaction between ion-cyclotron waves and solar wind species is considered nowadays to be a strong candidate for heating and acceleration of protons, alpha-particles, and heavy ions. A crucial physical parameter for determining the amount and the location of significant heating and acceleration, which the different solar wind ions receive from the waves in the frame of the ion-cyclotron mechanism, is their charge-to-mass ratio q/m. Therefore, comparisons of ion temperatures derived from spectroscopic observations and calculated by ion-cyclotron models, for ions that span a broad range in q/m, would provide a rigorous test for such models. By using an ion-cyclotron model, we calculate the effective temperatures for 10 different ions that cover the range 0.16-0.37 in q/m. Effective temperatures correspond to unresolved thermal motions and wave motions. The good agreement between our calculations, based on the specific mechanism that we employed here (ion-cyclotron resonance) and on spectroscopic observations of effective temperatures in polar coronal holes, provides support that the above mechanism accounts for the energetics and kinematics of fast solar wind heavy ions. However, such an agreement does not prove that other potential mechanisms can be excluded. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SW23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Wales. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7670P, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patsourakos@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 581 IS 2 BP L125 EP L127 DI 10.1086/345976 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627DB UT WOS:000179914500015 ER PT J AU Tylka, AJ Boberg, PR Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF Maclennan, CG Mason, GM Ng, CK Reames, DV AF Tylka, AJ Boberg, PR Cohen, CMS Dietrich, WF Maclennan, CG Mason, GM Ng, CK Reames, DV TI Flare- and shock-accelerated energetic particles in the solar events of 2001 April 14 and 15 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID ADVANCED-COMPOSITION-EXPLORER; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; SPACECRAFT; SPECTRA; WIND; ACE; ENHANCEMENTS; ABUNDANCES; EVOLUTION; IONS AB We report heavy-ion composition and spectra for the solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 2001 April 14 and 15, using the combined capabilities of the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), Wind, and the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 8 (IMP-8) to cover the energy range from similar to30 keV nucleon to similar to400 MeV nucleon(-1). These two events are, respectively, the largest impulsive event and the largest ground- level event observed so far in solar cycle 23. These events arose from the same active region and launched into similar interplanetary conditions. Both were associated with large western flares and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, the two events are distinctly different, thereby providing useful reminders of the fundamental differences between flare- and shock-accelerated SEPs. The detailed observations present challenges for our theoretical understanding of SEP production. Of particular note is the fact that iron has a harder power-law energy spectrum than oxygen above similar to3 MeV nucleon(-1) in the shock-dominated April 15 event. This spectral difference, which is seen in many other gradual events of various sizes and heliolongitudes, leads to enhanced Fe/O at high energies. Simple shock acceleration models predict the same power-law index for all species. Thus, understanding the origin of this spectral difference will significantly contribute to the resolution of the ongoing debate about the relative roles of CME-driven shocks and flares in producing high-energy solar heavy ions. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 581 IS 2 BP L119 EP L123 DI 10.1086/346033 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627DB UT WOS:000179914500014 ER PT J AU Webber, GA Handler, RA Sirovich, L AF Webber, GA Handler, RA Sirovich, L TI Energy dynamics in a turbulent channel flow using the Karhunen-Loeve approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Karhunen-Loeve; wall-bounded turbulent flow; energy balance analysis ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; COHERENT STRUCTURES; WALL REGION; DECOMPOSITION AB The dynamical equations for the energy in a turbulent channel flow have been developed by using the Karhunen-Loeve modes to represent the velocity field. The energy balance equations show that all the energy in the flow originates from the applied pressure gradient acting on the mean flow. Energy redistribution occurs through triad interactions, which is basic to understanding the dynamics. Each triad interaction determines the rate of energy transport between source and sink modes via a catalyst mode. The importance of the proposed method stems from the fact that it can be used to determine both the rate of energy transport between modes as well as the direction of energy flow. The effectiveness of the method in determining the mechanisms by which the turbulence sustains itself is demonstrated by performing a detailed analysis of triad interactions occurring during a turbulent burst in a minimal channel flow. The impact on flow modification is discussed. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Brown Univ, Ctr Fluid Mech, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Lab Appl Math, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Webber, GA (reprint author), SKY Comp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1381 EP 1400 DI 10.1002/fld.414 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 622MK UT WOS:000179650700003 ER PT J AU Anderson, GP Nerurkar, NL AF Anderson, GP Nerurkar, NL TI Improved fluoroimmunoassays using the dye Alexa Fluor 647 with the RAPTOR, a fiber optic biosensor SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Alexa Fluor 647; Cy5; biosensor; immunoassay; fluorophore ID ANTIBODY; BINDING AB The performance of the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) was explored as an alternative to Cy5 for immunoassays on the RAPTOR, a fiber optic biosensor. The RAPTOR performs sandwich fluoroimmunoassays on the surface of small polystyrene optical waveguides for analyte detection. Fluorescence and immunoassay data were examined at various dye-to-protein (D/P) ratios for both Cy5 and Alexa Fluor 647. Primarily, due to the self-quenching characteristics of Cy5, Alexa Fluor 647 is substantially more effective in fluoroimmunoassays, yielding over twice the signal for any given analyte concentration. Alexa Fluor 647 can be attached to antibodies at higher ratios, D/P=6, before self-quenching begins to limit the dye's effectiveness. Furthermore, while Alexa Fluor 647 becomes quenched at high dye-to-protein ratios, D/P=9, the net fluorescence yield reaches a maximum, as opposed to Cy5-labeled proteins, which become nearly nonfluorescent at high labeling ratios, D/P greater than or equal to 6. The limitations of Cy5 were elucidated with an immunoassay for ricin, while the advantages of Alexa Fluor 647 were demonstrated in both direct binding assays as well as in a sandwich immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 11 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 AR PII S0022-1759(02)00327-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(02)00327-7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 621YX UT WOS:000179619900002 PM 12445725 ER PT J AU Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, J Fairlie, TD Natarajan, M Harvey, VL Grose, WL Russell, JM Bevilacqua, R Eckermann, SD Fahey, D Popp, P Richard, E Stimpfle, R Toon, GC Webster, CR Elkins, J AF Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, J Fairlie, TD Natarajan, M Harvey, VL Grose, WL Russell, JM Bevilacqua, R Eckermann, SD Fahey, D Popp, P Richard, E Stimpfle, R Toon, GC Webster, CR Elkins, J TI Large-scale chemical evolution of the Arctic vortex during the 1999/2000 winter: HALOE/POAM III Lagrangian photochemical modeling for the SAGE III-Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE photochemical; Lagrangian; Arctic; ozone; HALOE; POAM; SOLVE ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; REMOVAL; HNO3 AB [1] The LaRC Lagrangian Chemical Transport Model (LaRC LCTM) is used to simulate the kinematic and chemical evolution of an ensemble of trajectories initialized from Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III atmospheric soundings over the SAGE III-Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign period. Initial mixing ratios of species which are not measured by HALOE or POAM III are specified using sunrise and sunset constituent CH4 and constituent PV regressions obtained from the LaRC IMPACT model, a global three dimensional general circulation and photochemical model. Ensemble averaging of the trajectory chemical characteristics provides a vortex-average perspective of the photochemical state of the Arctic vortex. The vortex-averaged evolution of ozone, chlorine, nitrogen species, and ozone photochemical loss rates is presented. Enhanced chlorine catalyzed ozone loss begins in mid-January above 500 K, and the altitude of the peak loss gradually descends during the rest of the simulation. Peak vortex averaged loss rates of over 60 ppbv/day occur in early March at 450 K. Vortex averaged loss rates decline after mid-March. The accumulated photochemical ozone loss during the period from 1 December 1999 to 30 March 2000 peaks at 450 K with net losses of near 2.2 ppmv. The predicted distributions of CH4, O-3, denitrification, and chlorine activation are compared to the distributions obtained from in situ measurements to evaluate the accuracy of the simulations. The comparisons show best agreement when diffusive tendencies are included in the model calculations, highlighting the importance of this process in the Arctic vortex. Sensitivity tests examining the large-scale influence of orographically generated gravity-wave temperature anomalies are also presented. Results from this sensitivity study show that mountain-wave temperature perturbations contribute an additional 2-8% O-3 loss during the 1999/2000 winter. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20032 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20032 USA. RP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM r.b.pierce@larc.nasa.gov; v.l.harvey@larc.nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu; bevilacq@poamb.nrl.navy.mil; eckerman@map.nrl.navy.mil; fahey@al.noaa.gov; stimpfle@huarp.harvard.edu; toon@mark4sun.jpl.nasa.gov; chris.r.webster@jpl.nasa.gov; jelkins@cmdl.noaa.gov RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 108 IS D5 AR 8317 DI 10.1029/2001JD001063 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650GW UT WOS:000181256000001 ER PT J AU Ewing, B Yandell, BS Barbieri, JF Luck, RF Forster, LD AF Ewing, B Yandell, BS Barbieri, JF Luck, RF Forster, LD TI Event-driven competing risks SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE discrete event system; stochastic Petri net; individual-oriented model; stochastic dynamic programming ID APHYTIS-MELINUS DEBACH; CALIFORNIA RED SCALE; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; HOST SIZE; LINGNANENSIS; MODELS; HYMENOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; LIFE; PARASITOIDS AB The California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) is a major pest of California citrus, with infestations causing growers significant financial losses. It has recently developed resistance to traditional insecticide sprays. An alternative suppression tactic is the release of a biological control agent, Aphytis melinus DeBach (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) that feeds on red scale. Although many aspects of the red scale-Aphytis interaction are now understood, it is difficult to differentiate the effects of temperature and population fluctuations in the field. To investigate such complex interactions, we propose a new stochastic modeling technique, based on event-driven competing risks, that incorporates details of life histories as well as the host-parasitoid interaction. Our continuous-time, individual-oriented modeling approach quantifies relationships among individuals and describes the resulting coupling between the interacting populations. The event-structured simulation drives time in contrast to the usual time-driven stochastic dynamic programming. Our system, developed in the public domain using the R statistical package, allows for different biological clocks, since both red scale and Aphytis development respond to temperature (degree-days) while searching female Aphytis follow a diurnal time schedule, contingent upon temperature-dependent egg maturation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Entomol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NAWC WPNS, Adv Syst Dev, China Lake, CA USA. RP Yandell, BS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, 1210 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 50 AR PII S0304-3800(02)00218-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00218-1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619KJ UT WOS:000179474900003 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Kim, JW Watkins, J Wilkin, RT AF Furukawa, Y Kim, JW Watkins, J Wilkin, RT TI Formation of ferrihydrite and associated iron corrosion products in permeable reactive barriers of zero-valent iron SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GREEN RUST; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; OXIDES; REMEDIATION; ADSORPTION; STABILITY AB Ferrihydrite, Which is. known to form in the presence of oxygen and to be stabilized by the adsorption of Si, PO4 and SO4, is ubiquitous in the fine-grained fractions of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) samples from the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center (Elizabeth City, NC) and the Denver. Federal Center (Lakewood, CO) studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The concurrent energy-dispersive X-ray data indicate a strong association between ferrihydrite and metals such as Si, Ca, and Cr. Magnetite, green rust 1, aragonite, calcite., mackinawite, greigite and lepidocrocite were also present, indicative of a geochemical environment that is temporally and spatially heterogeneous. Whereas magnetite, which is known to form due to anaerobic Fe-0 corrosion, passivates the Fe-0 surface, ferrihydrite precipitation. occurs away from the immediate Fe-0 surface, forming small (<0.1 mum) discrete clusters.. Consequently, Fe-0-PRBs may remain effective for a longer period of time in slightly oxidized groundwater systems where ferrihydrite formation occurs compared to oxygen-depleted systems where magnetite passivation occurs. The ubiquitous presence of ferrihydrite suggests that the use of Fe-0-PRBs may be extended to applications that require contaminant adsorption rather than, or in addition to, redox-promoted contaminant degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Code 7431, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 49 TC 174 Z9 189 U1 8 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 24 BP 5469 EP 5475 DI 10.1021/es025533h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625UF UT WOS:000179833400027 PM 12521177 ER PT J AU Evanoff, TV Krebs, WK AF Evanoff, TV Krebs, WK TI A maritime navigation display that provides visual feedback to improve conning officers' ship-handling during low visibility environments SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE maritime display; navigation displays; virtual environment AB Navigating a ship at night in close proximity to another vessel is a dangerous task. To improve conning officers' night time ship-handling performance, a visual navigation display is proposed that is mounted on the stern of the aircraft carrier that will help shipboard conning officers manoeuvre in a battle group formation. To test the effectiveness of the visual navigation display, the Nimitz-class aircraft and plane guard vessel, a Ticonderoga-class cruiser, were modelled in a virtual environment. A navigation display condition had significantly fewer navigational positional errors than a non-navigation display condition. The navigation display provided immediate feedback as to whether the aircraft carrier had changed bearing or speed, thus enabling the operator to initiate the appropriate input to maintain station astern of the carrier. Actual or potential applications of this research include the deployment of a maritime navigation display to assist conning officers' ship handling. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krebs, WK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 15 BP 1078 EP 1090 DI 10.1080/00140130210166979 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 629UL UT WOS:000180068900002 PM 12569043 ER PT J AU Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA Gryko, J Dong, J Myles, CW Poddar, A Sankey, OF AF Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA Gryko, J Dong, J Myles, CW Poddar, A Sankey, OF TI Raman scattering study of stoichiometric Si and Ge type II clathrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; GERMANIUM; SILICON; METALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SEMICONDUCTORS; FRAMEWORK AB Raman-scattering spectra of the type II clathrates Cs8Na16Si136, Cs8Na16Ge136, and Si-136 were studied employing different laser wavelengths. Most of the Raman-active vibrational modes of these compounds were identified. Polarization measurements were used to identify the symmetric modes. The lowest frequency Raman-active optic "rattle" mode corresponding to the vibrations of the Cs atoms inside the hexakaidecahedra is identified for both the Si and the Ge clathrate compounds. We compare the experimental data directly with theoretical calculations. These materials continue to attract attention for potential superconducting, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric applications. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jacksonville State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Dong, Jianjun/F-5832-2010 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 7225 EP 7230 DI 10.1063/1.1523146 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 619UD UT WOS:000179495100040 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM Billings, L Schwartz, IB AF Bollt, EM Billings, L Schwartz, IB TI A manifold independent approach to understanding transport in stochastic dynamical systems SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE stochastic dynamical systems; stochastic Frobenius-Perron operator; stochastic transport; stochastic heteroclinic tangle; epidemiology; measles; noise; stochastic chaos; stochastic bifurcation ID MODEL; TRANSFORMATIONS; INVARIANT; EPIDEMICS; OUTBREAKS AB We develop a new collection of tools aimed at studying stochastically perturbed dynamical systems. Specifically, in the setting of bi-stability, that is a two-attractor system, it has previously been numerically observed that a small noise volume is sufficient to destroy would be zero-noise case barriers in the phase space (pseudo-barriers), thus creating a pre-heteroclinic tangency chaos-like behavior. The stochastic dynamical system has a corresponding Frobenius-Perron operator with a stochastic kernel, which describes how densities of initial conditions move under the noisy map. Thus in studying the action of the Frobenius-Perron operator, we learn about the transport of the map; we have employed a Galerkin-Ulam-like method to project the Frobenius-Perron operator onto a discrete basis set of characteristic functions to highlight this action localized in specified regions of the phase space. Graph theoretic methods allow us to re-order the resulting finite dimensional Markov operator approximation so as to highlight the regions of the original phase space which are particularly active pseudo-barriers of the stochastic dynamics. Our toolbox allows us to find: (1) regions of high activity of transport, (2) flux across pseudo-barriers, and also (3) expected time of escape from pseudo-basins. Some of these quantities are also possible via the manifold dependent stochastic Melnikov method, but Melnikov only applies to a very special class of models for which the unperturbed homoclinic orbit is available. Our methods are unique in that they can essentially be considered as a "black-box" of tools which can be applied to a wide range of stochastic dynamical systems in the absence of a priori knowledge of manifold structures. We use here a model of childhood diseases to showcase our methods. Our tools will allow us to make specific observations of: (1) loss of reducibility between basins with increasing noise, (2) identification in the phase space of active regions of stochastic transport, (3) stochastic flux which essentially completes the heteroclinic tangle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 173 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 177 AR PII S0167-2789(02)00659-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(02)00659-0 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 630VF UT WOS:000180130200003 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Stability, electronic structure, and vibrational modes of the Ti8C12 dimer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-CARBIDE CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO SCF; GROWTH PATHWAYS; GAS-PHASE; METALLOCARBOHEDRENES; TITANIUM; CARBOHEDRENES; APPROXIMATION; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present our density-functional results of the geometry, electronic structure, and dissociation energy of Ti8C12 dimer. We show that as opposed to the currently held view that Ti8C12 are highly stable monodispersed clusters, the neutral Ti8C12 clusters form covalent bonds and form stable dimers. We determine that the Ti atoms bond weakly (0.9 eV/bond) to organic ligands such as ammonia. Alternatively the metallocarbohedrene (Met-Car) dimer has a cohesive energy of 4.84 eV or approximately 1.2 eV per bond. While Met-Car dimers are stable, formation of these dimers may be quenched in an environment that contains a significant population of organic ligands. The ionization and dissociation energies of the dimer are of the same order, which prevents the observation of the dimer in ion mass spectroscopy. The analysis of the vibrational frequencies show the lowest-energy structure to be dynamically stable. We also present infrared-absorption and Raman-scattering spectra of the Ti8C12 dimer. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 24 AR 241404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.241404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634BB UT WOS:000180319200018 ER PT J AU Dzhioev, RI Kavokin, KV Korenev, VL Lazarev, MV Meltser, BY Stepanova, MN Zakharchenya, BP Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Dzhioev, RI Kavokin, KV Korenev, VL Lazarev, MV Meltser, BY Stepanova, MN Zakharchenya, BP Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Low-temperature spin relaxation in n-type GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONS AB Low-temperature electron-spin relaxation is studied by the optical orientation method in bulk n-GaAs with donor concentrations from 10(14) cm(-3) to 5x10(17) cm(-3). A peculiarity related to the metal-to-insulator transition is observed in the dependence of the spin lifetime on doping near n(D)=2x10(16) cm(-3). In the metallic phase, spin relaxation is governed by the Dyakonov-Perel mechanism, while in the insulator phase it is due to anisotropic exchange interaction and hyperfine interaction. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dzhioev, RI (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Kavokin, Kirill/I-7736-2013; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 OI Kavokin, Kirill/0000-0002-0047-5706; NR 32 TC 194 Z9 195 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 24 AR 245204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.245204 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634BB UT WOS:000180319200033 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY AF Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY TI Donor-related recombination processes in hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW DONORS; SELECTIVE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN; BOUND EXCITONS; SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETOSPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; IDENTIFICATION; LAYERS; FILMS AB High-resolution, variable-temperature photoluminescence studies of recombination processes associated with excitons bound to donors in hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN are presented. Detailed analyses of the two-electron satellite (2ES) region identify transitions associated with ground and excited states of both the donor-bound exciton complexes and of the donor itself. All of the 2ES transitions observed in this work can be accounted for by the recombination of excitons bound to Si and O substitutional impurities and the line positions are in excellent agreement with the energies of donor intraimpurity transitions measured previously by infrared absorption. Conflicting aspects of donor identification and the binding energies of impurities and excitons are clarified. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 23 AR 233311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.233311 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JL UT WOS:000180279400024 ER PT J AU Ganem, J Crawford, J Schmidt, P Jenkins, NW Bowman, SR AF Ganem, J Crawford, J Schmidt, P Jenkins, NW Bowman, SR TI Thulium cross-relaxation in a low phonon energy crystalline host SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH IONS; LASER; TM; KPB2CL5; SOLIDS; LIYF4; YAG AB We report on the cross-relaxation of Tm3+ in a low phonon energy chloride host. The temperature and concentration dependence for Tm3+ cross-relaxation in the host YCl3 was studied between 300 and 500 K, in crystals of YCl3 with concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 7x10(20) ions/cm(3). Crystals were grown from melts of anhydrous YCl3 and TmCl3 powders under Cl-2 atmosphere using a self-seeded vertical Bridgeman technique. Fluorescence spectra and lifetimes resulting from quasi-cw pumping with a 0.5-W, 811-nm diode were collected and analyzed for the spectral region 1100-2000 nm versus temperature for three crystals with varying Tm3+ densities. Each of the fluorescence spectra contain three broad features centered at 1200, 1490, and 1800 nm that reflect the populations of the first three excited levels of Tm3+. Rates for multiphonon relaxation and cross-relaxation were determined from the fluorescence lifetime data. An increase in 1200-nm fluorescence as the temperature rises is evidence of an endothermic cross-relaxation process. This suggests a fundamentally new mechanism for optical cooling. A macroscopic rate equation model with its temperature and concentration dependence given by theories for phonon-assisted energy transfer is fit to the spectral data. C1 Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganem, J (reprint author), Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, 4501 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RI Crawford, John/A-3771-2012 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 24 AR 245101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.245101 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634BB UT WOS:000180319200020 ER PT J AU Zamudio, L Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Smedstad, OM AF Zamudio, L Hurlburt, HE Metzger, EJ Smedstad, OM TI On the evolution of coastally trapped waves generated by Hurricane Juliette along the Mexican West Coast SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] An operational real-time eddy-resolving (1/16degrees) global ocean nowcast/forecast system is used to study the evolution of two coastally trapped waves generated by Hurricane Juliette along the Mexican West Coast. Results indicate that the first wave was generated along mainland Mexico and it propagated poleward as a free coastally trapped wave; it also generated anticyclonic eddies near Cabo Corrientes and the Maria Islands. Upon entering the Gulf of California the wave weakened cyclonic eddies and after reaching the shelf break north of Guaymas, it reversed direction and propagated southward along the east coast of the Baja California Peninsula (BCP). Next, the wave generated an anticyclonic eddy at Cabo San Lucas. Finally, the wave weakened while exiting the gulf and propagated northward along the BCP West Coast. The second coastally trapped wave was generated by Juliette's poleward winds along the BCP West Coast, but was subsequently greatly weakened by Juliette's equatorward winds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Zamudio, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 23 AR 2141 DI 10.1029/2002GL014769 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 647NQ UT WOS:000181100100001 ER PT J AU Lumpe, JD Fromm, M Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, RM Randall, CE Browell, EV Grant, WB McGee, T Burris, J Twigg, L Richard, EC Toon, GC Margitan, JJ Sen, B Pfeilsticker, K Boesch, H Fitzenberger, R Goutail, F Pommereau, JP AF Lumpe, JD Fromm, M Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, RM Randall, CE Browell, EV Grant, WB McGee, T Burris, J Twigg, L Richard, EC Toon, GC Margitan, JJ Sen, B Pfeilsticker, K Boesch, H Fitzenberger, R Goutail, F Pommereau, JP TI Comparison of POAM III ozone measurements with correlative aircraft and balloon data during SOLVE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR OCCULTATION; POLAR OZONE; SAGE-II; LIDAR; VALIDATION; AEROSOL; STRATOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; NITROGEN; HALOE AB [1] The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument operated continuously during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) mission, making approximately 1400 ozone profile measurements at high latitudes both inside and outside the Arctic polar vortex. The wealth of ozone measurements obtained from a variety of instruments and platforms during SOLVE provided a unique opportunity to compare correlative measurements with the POAM III data set. In this paper, we validate the POAM III version 3.0 ozone against measurements from seven different instruments that operated as part of the combined SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign. These include the airborne UV Differential Absorption Lidar (UV DIAL) and the Airborne Raman Ozone and Temperature Lidar (AROTEL) instruments on the DC-8, the dual-beam UV-Absorption Ozone Photometer on the ER-2, the MkIV Interferometer balloon instrument, the Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire et Applications and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (LPMA/DOAS) balloon gondola, the JPL in situ ozone instrument on the Observations of the Middle Stratosphere (OMS) balloon platform, and the Systeme D'Analyze par Observations Zenithales (SAOZ) balloon sonde. The resulting comparisons show a remarkable degree of consistency despite the very different measurement techniques inherent in the data sets and thus provide a strong validation of the POAM III version 3.0 ozone. This is particularly true in the primary 14-30 km region, where there are significant overlaps with all seven instruments. At these altitudes, POAM III agrees with all the data sets to within 7-10% with no detectable bias. The observed differences are within the combined errors of POAM III and the correlative measurements. Above 30 km, only a handful of SOLVE correlative measurements exist and the comparisons are highly variable. Therefore, the results are inconclusive. Below 14 km, the SOLVE comparisons also show a large amount of scatter and it is difficult to evaluate their consistency, although the number of correlative measurements is large. The UV DIAL, DOAS, and JPL/OMS comparisons show differences of up to 15% but no consistent bias. The ER-2, MkIV, and SAOZ comparisons, on the other hand, indicate a high POAM bias of 10-20% at the lower altitudes. In general, the SOLVE validation results presented here are consistent with the validation of the POAM III version 3.0 ozone using SAGE II and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite data and in situ electrochemical cell (ECC) ozonesonde data. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. RP Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM lumpe@cpi.com RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Grant, William/B-8311-2009; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 108 IS D5 AR 8316 DI 10.1029/2001JD000472 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648VR UT WOS:000181172000001 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Egami, T Swider-Lyons, KE Love, CT Rolison, DR AF Dmowski, W Egami, T Swider-Lyons, KE Love, CT Rolison, DR TI Local atomic structure and conduction mechanism of nanocrystalline hydrous RuO2 from X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM OXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTROCATALYSTS AB Hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2.xH(2)O or RuOxHy) is a mixed proton-electron conductor which could be used in fuel cells and ultracapacitors. Its charge-storage (pseudocapacitance) and electrocatalytic properties vary with water content and are maximized near, the composition RuO2.0.5 mol % H2O. We studied the atomic structure of RuO2.xH(2)O as a function of water content from x = 0.84 to 0.02 using X-ray diffraction and atomic pair density function (PDF). Even though the diffraction patterns of samples containing 0.84 to 0.35 mole of water are suggestive of "amorphous" structures, the PDF analysis clearly shows that up to 0.7 nm, the short-range atomic structure of all of these RuO2.xH(2)O samples resembles that of the anhydrous rutile RuO2 structure. We conclude that RuO2.xH(2)O is a composite of anhydrous rutile-like RuO2 nanocrystals dispersed by boundaries of structural water associated with Ru-O. Metallic conduction is supported by the rutile-like nanocrystals, while proton conduction is facilitated by the structural water along the grain boundaries. This structural picture explains the charge-storage and electrocatalytic properties of RuO2.xH(2)O in terms of competing percolation networks of metallic and protonic conduction pathways, that vary in volume as a function of the water content of the RuO2.xH(2)O. The control and optimization of electron and proton conducting volumes and pathways will lead to improved performance and guide the design of new materials. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM dmowski@lrsm.upenn.edu NR 26 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 49 BP 12677 EP 12683 DI 10.1021/jp026228l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 623YH UT WOS:000179732100006 ER PT J AU Wood, WT Gettrust, JF Chapman, NR Spence, GD Hyndman, RD AF Wood, WT Gettrust, JF Chapman, NR Spence, GD Hyndman, RD TI Decreased stability of methane hydrates in marine sediments owing to phase-boundary roughness SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; MARGIN AB Below water depths of about 300 metres, pressure and temperature conditions cause methane to form ice-like crystals of methane hydrate(1). Marine deposits of methane hydrate are estimated to be large, amassing about 10, 000 gigatonnes of carbon(2), and are thought to be important to global change(3,4) and seafloor stability(5,6), as well as representing a potentially exploitable energy resource(7). The extent of these deposits can usually be inferred from seismic imaging, in which the base of the methane hydrate stability zone is frequently identifiable as a smooth reflector that runs parallel to the sea floor. Here, using high-resolution seismic sections of seafloor sediments in the Cascadia margin off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, we observe lateral variations in the base of the hydrate stability zone, including gas-rich vertical intrusions into the hydrate stability zone. We suggest that these vertical intrusions are associated with upward flow of warmer fluids. Therefore, where seafloor fluid expulsion and methane hydrate deposits coincide, the base of the hydrate stability zone might exhibit significant roughness and increased surface area. Increased area implies that significantly more methane hydrate lies close to being unstable and hence closer to dissociation in the event of a lowering of pressure due to sea-level fall. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sydney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 21 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6916 BP 656 EP 660 DI 10.1038/nature01263 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 624GK UT WOS:000179751800042 PM 12478290 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Evans, TE AF Shen, CY Evans, TE TI Inertial instability and sea spirals SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUMBER AB [1] The ubiquitous occurrence of submesoscale cyclonic spirals in the sea as inferred from space imagery is interpreted in terms of the inertial instability of a horizontally sheared current in the oceanic mixed layer. The instability is shown to weaken anticyclonic current shear while enhancing cyclonic shear, which, in turn, becomes unstable and creates a cyclonic vortex; concurrently, surface tracer particles concentrated along the evolving cyclonic shear are wound up into a spiral, mimicking the spiral slick patterns seen in the imagery. The entire process, investigated with a fully nonlinear nonhydrostatic 3D numerical model, is contrasted with the baroclinic frontal process considered previously. The differences point to a clear need for field observations of this significant phenomenon, which are presently almost totally lacking. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 23 AR 2124 DI 10.1029/2002GL015701 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 647MH UT WOS:000181096200008 ER PT J AU Danilin, MY Ko, MKW Bevilacqua, RM Lyjak, LV Froidevaux, L Santee, ML Zawodny, JM Hoppel, KW Richard, EC Spackman, JR Weinstock, EM Herman, RL McKinney, KA Wennberg, PO Eisele, FL Stimpfle, RM Scott, CJ Elkins, JW Bui, TV AF Danilin, MY Ko, MKW Bevilacqua, RM Lyjak, LV Froidevaux, L Santee, ML Zawodny, JM Hoppel, KW Richard, EC Spackman, JR Weinstock, EM Herman, RL McKinney, KA Wennberg, PO Eisele, FL Stimpfle, RM Scott, CJ Elkins, JW Bui, TV TI Comparison of ER-2 aircraft and POAM III, MLS, and SAGE II satellite measurements during SOLVE using traditional correlative analysis and trajectory hunting technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE measurement comparison; trajectory hunting; correactive analysis; SOLVE ID SOUNDER HNO3 OBSERVATIONS; ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; GAS EXPERIMENT II; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; POLAR OZONE; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CLO MEASUREMENTS AB [1] We compared the version 5 Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), version 3 Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III), version 6.0 Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), and NASA ER-2 aircraft measurements made in the Northern Hemisphere in January-February 2000 during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE). This study addresses one of the key scientific objectives of the SOLVE campaign, namely, to validate multiplatform satellite measurements made in the polar stratosphere during winter. This intercomparison was performed by using a traditional correlative analysis (TCA) and a trajectory hunting technique (THT). TCA compares profiles colocated within a chosen spatial-temporal vicinity. Launching backward and forward trajectories from the points of measurement, the THT identifies air parcels sampled at least twice within a prescribed match criterion during the course of 5 days. We found that the ozone measurements made by these four instruments agree most of the time within +/-10% in the stratosphere up to 1400 K (similar to35 km). The water vapor measurements from POAM III and the ER-2 Harvard Lyman alpha hygrometer and Jet Propulsion Laboratory laser hygrometer agree to within +/-0.5 ppmv (or about +/-10%) in the lower stratosphere above 380 K. The MLS and ER-2 ClO measurements agree within their error bars for the TCA. The MLS and ER-2 nitric acid measurements near 17- to 20-km altitude agree within their uncertainties most of the time with a hint of a positive offset by MLS according to the TCA. We also applied the Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. box model constrained by the ER-2 measurements for analysis of the ClO and HNO3 measurements using the THT. We found that: (1) the model values of ClO are smaller by about 0.3-0.4 (0.2) ppbv below (above) 400 K than those by MLS and (2) the HNO3 comparison shows a positive offset of MLS values by similar to1 and 1-2 ppbv below 400 K and near 450 K, respectively. Our study shows that, with some limitations (like HNO3 comparison under polar stratospheric cloud conditions), the THT is a more powerful tool for validation studies than the TCA, making conclusions of the comparison statistically more robust. C1 Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ACD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Boeing Co, MS 0R-RC,POB 3707, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM danilin@h2o.ca.boeing.com RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Ko, Malcolm/D-5898-2015; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012 OI Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424 NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 108 IS D5 AR 8315 DI 10.1029/2001JD000781 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648VP UT WOS:000181171700001 ER PT J AU Wardzinski, G Zdziarski, AA Gierlinski, M Grove, JE Jahoda, K Johnson, WN AF Wardzinski, G Zdziarski, AA Gierlinski, M Grove, JE Jahoda, K Johnson, WN TI X-ray and gamma-ray spectra and variability of the black hole candidate GX 339-4 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : general; stars : individual : GX 339-4 gamma-rays : observations; gamma-rays : theory; X-rays : stars ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LOW-HARD STATES; K-ALPHA LINE; CYGNUS X-1; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; SOFT STATE; GX-339-4 AB We analyse five observations of the X-ray binary GX 339-4 by the soft gamma-ray OSSE detector on board CGRO simultaneous with either Ginga or RXTE observations. The source was bright during four of them, with the luminosity of L similar to 10(37) erg s(-1) and the spectrum typical for hard states of accreting black holes, and it was in an off state during the fifth one, with L 10(35) erg s(-1). Our broad-band spectral fits show the mean electron energy of electrons in the Comptonizing plasma decreasing with increasing luminosity within the hard (bright) state. For the observation with the best statistics at soft gamma-rays, similar to1/4 of energy in the Comptonizing plasma is probably carried by non-thermal electrons. Then, considering the efficiency of Comptonized hybrid synchrotron emission allows us to obtain an upper limit on the strength of the magnetic field in the X-ray source. Furthermore, this synchrotron emission is capable of producing the optical spectrum observed in an optically-high state of GX 339-4. In the off state, the hard X-ray spectrum is consistent with being dominated by bremsstrahlung. The unusually strong Fe Kalpha line observed by the RXTE/PCA during that state is found not to be intrinsic to the source but to originate mostly in the Galactic diffuse emission. C1 Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wardzinski, G (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RI Jahoda, Keith/D-5616-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; OI Gierlinski, Marek/0000-0001-9149-3514 NR 75 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 337 IS 3 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05914.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 622LG UT WOS:000179648100011 ER PT J AU Williams, CL Panagia, N Van Dyk, SD Lacey, CK Weiler, KW Sramek, RA AF Williams, CL Panagia, N Van Dyk, SD Lacey, CK Weiler, KW Sramek, RA TI Radio emission from SN 1988Z and very massive star evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (MCG+03-28-022, Zw 095-049); radio continuum : stars; stars : evolution; stars : mass loss; supernovae : individual (SN 1988Z) ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; X-RAY-EMISSION; SUPERNOVA 1988Z; II SUPERNOVAE; SN-1986J; NGC-891; EJECTA; ROSAT; WIND AB We present observations of the radio emission from the unusual supernova SN 1988Z in MCG + 03-28-022 made with the Very Large Array at 20, 6, 3.6, and 2 cm, including new observations from 1989 December 21, 385 days after the optically estimated explosion date, through 2001 January 25, 4438 days after explosion. At a redshift z = 0.022 for the parent galaxy (similar to100 Mpc for H-0 = 65 km s(-1) Mpc(-1)), SN 1988Z is the most distant radio supernova ever detected. With a 6 cm maximum flux density of 1.8 mJy, SN 1988Z is similar to20% more luminous than the unusually powerful radio supernova SN 1986J in NGC 891 and only similar to3 times less radio luminous at 6 cm peak than the extraordinary SN 1998bw, the presumed counterpart to GRB 980425. Our analysis and model fitting of the radio light curves for SN 1988Z indicate that it can be well described by a model involving the supernova blast wave interacting with a high-density circumstellar cocoon, which consists almost entirely of clumps or laments. SN 1988Z is unusual, however, in that around age 1750 days, the flux density begins to decline much more rapidly than expected from the model fit to the early data, without a change in the absorption parameters. We interpret this steepening of the radio flux density decline rate as due to a change in the number density of the clumps in the circumstellar material (CSM) without a change in the average properties of a clump. If one assumes that the blast wave is traveling through the CSM at similar to2,000 times faster than the CSM was established (20,000 km s(-1) vs. 10 km s(-1)), then this steepening of the emission decline rate represents a change in the presupernova stellar wind properties 10,000 yr before explosion, a characteristic timescale also seen in other radio supernovae. Further analysis of the radio light curves for SN 1988Z implies that the SN progenitor star likely had a zero-age main sequence mass of similar to20-30 M-.. We propose that SNe such as SN 1986J, SN 1988Z, and SN 1998bw with very massive star progenitors and associated massive wind ((M) greater than or similar to10(-4) M-. yr(-1)) have very highly clumped, wind-established CSM and unusually high blast-wave velocities (greater than 20,000 km s(-1)). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Infrared Proc Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Williams, CL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, POB 16148, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 581 IS 1 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1086/344087 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 623AU UT WOS:000179681500028 ER PT J AU Linton, MG Antiochos, SK AF Linton, MG Antiochos, SK TI Theoretical energy analysis of reconnecting twisted magnetic flux tubes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; HELICITY; FIELDS; PLASMA; MODEL AB It has been shown that twisted magnetic flux tubes reconnect in a number of different ways: either bouncing, tunneling, slingshotting, or merging. Here we present an analytical theory to predict under what conditions the bounce, tunnel, and slingshot will occur. This theory calculates the energy of the reconnected state relative to that of the initial state, subject to the restriction that helicity is conserved during the interaction. Comparison of this energy change for each of these interactions then indicates which is most energetically favorable. In addition to providing potentially important predictive capabilities, for example, for solar or magnetospheric flux-tube reconnection, this also provides an intuitive explanation for why the tunnel interaction occurs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 581 IS 1 BP 703 EP 717 DI 10.1086/344218 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 623AU UT WOS:000179681500052 ER PT J AU Campbell, PM Snow, ES Novak, JP AF Campbell, PM Snow, ES Novak, JP TI Simple catalyst for the growth of small-diameter carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROBE MICROSCOPY TIPS; SINGLE AB We describe a simple technique to grow small (approximately 1-4 nm) diam carbon nanotubes both in and out of the plane of a silicon substrate using the decomposition of ethylene and a nickel-iron thin film catalyst. This procedure can be used to produce nanotubes for ultrasharp atomic force microscope probes as well as for nanotube-based electronic devices. The technique is compatible with the patterned growth of nanotubes and with standard device microfabrication processes. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campbell, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 24 BP 4586 EP 4588 DI 10.1063/1.1528735 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 621VM UT WOS:000179611800030 ER PT J AU Katzer, DS Binari, SC Storm, DF Roussos, JA Shanabrook, BV Glaser, ER AF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Storm, DF Roussos, JA Shanabrook, BV Glaser, ER TI MBE growth of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with high power density SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB RF-plasma MBE has been used for the growth of undoped Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN HEMT structures on semi-insulating SiC substrates. Devices with a 1.5 mum gate length have an f(T) of 10 GHz and have demonstrated an output power density of 6.3 W/mm at 2 GHz. Details of the growth process and device results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Katzer, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 25 BP 1740 EP 1741 DI 10.1049/el:20021102 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 627UC UT WOS:000179953700083 ER PT J AU Proshutinsky, A Bourke, RH McLaughlin, FA AF Proshutinsky, A Bourke, RH McLaughlin, FA TI The role of the Beaufort Gyre in Arctic climate variability: Seasonal to decadal climate scales SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; CIRCULATION; WATER; OCEAN AB [1] This paper presents a new hypothesis along with supporting evidence that the Beaufort Gyre (BG) plays a significant role in regulating the Arctic climate variability. We propose and demonstrate that the BG accumulates a significant amount of fresh water (FW) during one climate regime (anticyclonic) and releases this water to the North Atlantic (NA) during another climate regime (cyclonic). This hypothesis can explain the origin of the salinity anomaly (SA) periodically found in the NA as well as its role in the decadal variability in the Arctic region. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Proshutinsky, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, MS 29,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 11 TC 157 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 23 AR 2100 DI 10.1029/2002GL015847 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 646YN UT WOS:000181064600007 ER PT J AU Wang, J Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Jonsson, HH Collins, DR Russell, PB Schmid, B Redemann, J Livingston, JM Gao, S Hegg, DA Welton, EJ Bates, D AF Wang, J Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Jonsson, HH Collins, DR Russell, PB Schmid, B Redemann, J Livingston, JM Gao, S Hegg, DA Welton, EJ Bates, D TI Clear-column radiative closure during ACE-Asia: Comparison of multiwavelength extinction derived from particle size and composition with results from Sun photometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol optical depth; ACE-Asia; Sun photometer ID EFFECTIVE-MEDIUM APPROXIMATIONS; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; IN-SITU; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; AEROSOL; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR AB [1] From March to May 2001, aerosol size distributions and chemical compositions were measured using differential mobility analyzers (DMA), an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI), and denuder samplers onboard the Twin Otter aircraft as part of the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE)-Asia campaign. Of the 19 research flights, measurements on four flights that represented different aerosol characteristics are analyzed in detail. Clear-column radiative closure is studied by comparing aerosol extinctions predicted using in situ aerosol size distribution and chemical composition measurements to those derived from the 14-wavelength NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sun photometer (AATS-14). In the boundary layer, pollution layers, and free troposphere with no significant mineral dust present, aerosol extinction closure was achieved within the estimated uncertainties over the full range of wavelengths of AATS-14. Aerosol extinctions predicted based on measured size distributions also reproduce the wavelength dependence derived from AATS-14 data. Considering all four flights, the best fit lines yield Predicted/Observed ratios in boundary and pollution layers of 0.97 +/- 0.24 and 1.07 +/- 0.08 at lambda = 525 nm and 0.96 +/- 0.21 and 1.08 +/- 0.08 at lambda = 1059 nm, respectively. In free troposphere dust layers, aerosol extinctions predicted from the measured size distributions were generally smaller than those derived from the AATS-14 data, with Predicted/Observed ratios of 0.65 +/- 0.06 and 0.66 +/- 0.05 at 525 and 1059 nm, respectively. A detailed analysis suggests that the discrepancy is likely a result of the lack of the knowledge of mineral dust shape as well as variations in aerosol extinction derived from AATS-14 data when viewing through horizontally inhomogeneous layers. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 94035 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94035 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, 75 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 43 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D23 AR 4688 DI 10.1029/2002JD002465 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646VL UT WOS:000181056200005 ER PT J AU Bryant, SD George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Salvadori, S Balboni, G Guerrini, R Lazarus, LH AF Bryant, SD George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Salvadori, S Balboni, G Guerrini, R Lazarus, LH TI Crystal structures of dipeptides containing the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DELTA-OPIOID ANTAGONISTS; X-RAY STRUCTURE; ENKEPHALIN ANALOG; RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY; HIGHLY POTENT; H-1-NMR DATA; IN-VITRO; PEPTIDE; AGONIST; DESIGN AB The crystal structures of three analogues of the potent delta-opioid receptor antagonist H-Dmt-Tic-OH (2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine-L-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate), N,N (CH3)(2)-Dmt-Tic-OH (1), H-Dmt-Tic-NH-1-adamantane (2), and NN(CH3)2-Dmt-Tic-NH-1-adamantane (3) were determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. Crystals of I were grown by slow evaporation, while those of 2 and 3 were grown by vapor diffusion. Compounds 1 and 3 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1), and 2 crystallized in the tetragonal space group P4(3). Common backbone atom superimpositions of structures derived from X-ray diffraction studies resulted in root-mean-square (rms) deviations of 0.2-0.5 Angstrom, while all-atom superimpositions gave higher rms deviations from 0.8 to 1.2 Angstrom. Intramolecular distances between the aromatic ring centers of Dmt and Tic were 5.1 Angstrom in 1, 6.3 Angstrom in 2, and 6.5 Angstrom in 3. The orientation of the C-terminal substituent 1-adamantane in 2 and 3 was affected by differences in the psi torsion angles and strong hydrogen bonds with adjacent molecules. Despite the high delta-opioid receptor affinity exhibited by each analogue (K-i < 0.3 nM), highy-receptor affinity (K-i < 1 nM) was manifested only with the bulky C-terminal 1-adamantane analogues 2 and 3. Furthermore, the bioactivity of both 2 and 3 exhibited mu-agonism, while 3 also had potent delta-antagonist activity. Those data demonstrated that a C-terminal hydrophobic group was an important determinant for eliciting mu-agonism, whereas N-methylation maintained delta-antagonism. Furthermore, the structural results support the hypothesis that expanded dimensions between aromatic nuclei is important for acquiring mu-agonism. C1 NIEHS, LCBRA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Ferrara, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ctr Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cagliari, Dept Toxicol, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy. RP Bryant, SD (reprint author), NIEHS, LCBRA, POB 12233,Mail Drop C3-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Guerrini, Remo/0000-0002-7619-0918; SALVADORI, Severo/0000-0002-8224-2358 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 25 BP 5506 EP 5513 DI 10.1021/jm020330p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 622EA UT WOS:000179632500012 PM 12459018 ER PT J AU Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Ziolo, J Roland, CM AF Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Ziolo, J Roland, CM TI Dynamics of sorbitol at elevated pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; VISCOUS LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE; GLYCEROL; EQUILIBRIUM; DEPENDENCE AB Dielectric relaxation measurements were carried out on sorbitol as a function of pressure at various temperatures. The almost linear dependence of the structural relaxation times on pressure yields values for the activation volume. In light of results for xylitol and glycerol, the activation volume is found to be an increasing function of molecular size. Because the pressure coefficients of the glass temperature for these polyalcohols are all equal, their fragilities should parallel their respective activation volumes. This expectation is borne out by experimental measurements at ambient pressure. Analysis of the volume dependence of the relaxation. times reveals that temperature, rather than density, dominates the structural relaxation of sorbitol. At frequencies higher than the structural relaxation, a secondary process is observed. The weaker pressure sensitivity of the latter effects better resolution of the two peaks at high pressures. The relaxation time for the secondary process is consistent with a calculation from the coupling model based on identification of the secondary process as the precursor to the highly cooperative structural relaxation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 48 BP 12459 EP 12463 DI 10.1021/jp0264228 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 621YH UT WOS:000179618200014 ER PT J AU Carucci, DJ Yates, JR Florens, L AF Carucci, DJ Yates, JR Florens, L TI Exploring the proteome of Plasmodium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Malaria - Progress, Problems and Plans in the Genomic Era CY JAN 27-29, 2002 CL JOHN HOPKINS MALARIA RES INST, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HO JOHN HOPKINS MALARIA RES INST DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; proteomics; genomics; mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB With the entire genomic sequence of several species of Plasmodium soon to be available, researchers are now focusing on methods to study gene and protein expression at the whole organism level. Traditional methods of characterising and identifying large numbers of proteins from a complex protein mixture have relied predominantly on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with N-terminal sequencing or mass spectrometry of individually prepared proteins. New proteomics methods are now available that are based on resolving small peptides derived from complex protein mixtures by high-resolution liquid chromatography and directly identifying them by tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC/MS/MS) and sophisticated computer search algorithms against whole genome sequence databases. These newer proteomic methods have the potential to accelerate the reproducible identification of large numbers of proteins from various life cycle stages of Plasmodium and may help to better understand parasite biology and lead to the identification of new targets of vaccines and drugs. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program IDD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Carucci, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program IDD, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R33CA081665]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR11823-05] NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 13 BP 1539 EP 1542 AR PII S0020-7519(02)00181-9 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00181-9 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 626XE UT WOS:000179898500002 PM 12435437 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, T Shenenberger, DW AF Zimmerman, T Shenenberger, DW TI Health literacy and diabetic control SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Zimmerman, T (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 21 BP 2688 EP 2688 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 620UA UT WOS:000179549800024 PM 12460087 ER PT J AU Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M AF Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M TI Spontaneous growth of an InAs nanowire lattice in an InAs/GaSb superlattice SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB We describe a lattice of InAs nanowires that spontaneously organizes in three dimensions within an InAs/GaSb superlattice grown under high As-4 flux. As characterized by x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy, the periodic nanowires are similar to10 nm high, 120 nm wide, and many microns long along [110], with face-centered cubic-like vertical ordering within the superlattice. The unusual vertical ordering creates a lateral composition modulation with half the period of the nanowires. The structure appears to arise from the InAs misfit stress combined with specific InAs and GaSb growth kinetic effects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Nosho, BZ (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 23 BP 4452 EP 4454 DI 10.1063/1.1526164 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 619NG UT WOS:000179481900047 ER PT J AU Sekaric, L Parpia, JM Craighead, HG Feygelson, T Houston, BH Butler, JE AF Sekaric, L Parpia, JM Craighead, HG Feygelson, T Houston, BH Butler, JE TI Nanomechanical resonant structures in nanocrystalline diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; FABRICATION AB We report the fabrication and the operation of nanomechanical resonant structures in nanocrystalline diamond. For this purpose, continuous diamond films as thin as 80 nm were grown using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The lateral dimensions of the fabricated structures were as small as 50 nm and the measured mechanical resonant frequencies were up to 640 MHz. The mechanical quality factors were in the range of 2500-3000 at room temperature. The elastic properties of these films obtained via the resonant measurements indicate a Young's modulus close to that of single-crystal diamond. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sekaric, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 27 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 23 BP 4455 EP 4457 DI 10.1063/1.1526941 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 619NG UT WOS:000179481900048 ER PT J AU Brandow, SL Schull, TL Martin, BD Guerin, DC Dressick, WJ AF Brandow, SL Schull, TL Martin, BD Guerin, DC Dressick, WJ TI Use of low-temperature thermal alkylation to eliminate ink migration in microcontact printed patterns SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alkylation; hydrogel; imprinting; metallization; microcontact printing ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; POLYMER SURFACE; FABRICATION; TEMPLATES; FILM; METALLIZATION; LITHOGRAPHY; LIGANDS; GOLD AB We demonstrate aqueous hydrogel-based microcontact printing of amine ligands into solvent-templated nanocavities of chloromethylphenyl-based siloxane or thin polymer films. Migration of pyridine ligands within films following printing, which can compromise pattern fidelity, is eliminated by heat treatment of the substrate. Gentle heating (e.g., 50degreesC, 5 min) leads to the efficient alkylation of mobile pyridine adsorbate by the C-Cl bonds of the film, covalently tethering the adsorbate to the surface as a pyridinium salt. Subsequent binding of a Pd-based colloid to surface pyridinium (and remaining strongly bound and immobile pyridine ligand) sites permits selective electroless metal deposition and fabrication of patterned metal films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Gas & Surface Dynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brandow, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 8 IS 23 BP 5363 EP 5367 DI 10.1002/1521-3765(20021202)8:23<5363::AID-CHEM5363>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 625DJ UT WOS:000179801400009 PM 12561307 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Qadri, SB Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Qadri, SB Chrisey, DB TI Epitaxial growth of Al-doped ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO); transparent conducting oxide (TCO); epitaxial growth; pulsed laser deposition (PLD) ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ABLATION AB Epitaxial thin films of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) have been deposited on single crystal sapphire (000l) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structural, electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of substrate deposition temperature and background gas pressure. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures ranging from 25 to 680 degreesC in oxygen pressures ranging from 0.13 to 9.31 Pa. For the 200-nm-thick single crystal AZO film, the electrical resistivity was observed to be 2.2 x 10(-4) Ohm.cm and the average transmission in the visible range (400-700 nm) was 90%. This low resistivity value for the single crystal AZO film is due to the high carrier mobility of the film, which results from a decrease in the grain boundary scattering, compared to polycrystalline AZO films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 140 Z9 154 U1 6 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 420 BP 107 EP 111 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00658-2 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00658-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 627FJ UT WOS:000179922500018 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kim, WH Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kim, WH Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB TI Doped ZnO thin films as anode materials for organic light-emitting diodes SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE doped zinc oxide; transparent conducting oxide (TCO); pulsed laser deposition (PLD); anode material; organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING FILMS; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES; LASER-ABLATION; DEVICES; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACES; EFFICIENCY; INJECTION AB Zinc oxide thin films, doped with aluminum (AZO), gallium (GZO) and zirconium (ZZO), have been deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of oxygen deposition pressure. These doped zinc oxide films were used as an anode contact to fabricate organic light-emitting diodes. Luminance efficiencies of 0.1 lm/W, 0.2 lm/W and 0.9 lm/W were measured at the light output of 100 cd/m(2) for the AZO, GZO and ZZO films, respectively. Doped zinc oxides are attractive alternative materials as transparent conducting electrode because they are nontoxic and inexpensive compared with indium tin oxide (ITO). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hskim@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 170 Z9 200 U1 8 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 420 BP 539 EP 543 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00836-2 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00836-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 627FJ UT WOS:000179922500090 ER PT J AU Stasko, D Davis, MC Chapman, RD AF Stasko, D Davis, MC Chapman, RD TI 1,4-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,3-dione SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The spirane 1,4-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,3-dione, C8H12N2O2, or 2,2-pentamethylene-4,5-imidazolidinedione, has been prepared and found to crystallize with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Though nearly identical in geometry, the two distinct molecules undergo two different styles of co-operative hydrogen bonding, namely a planar and a canted arrangement. C1 USN, Ctr Weap,Weap Div, Dept Res, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Stasko, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap,Weap Div, Dept Res, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD DEC PY 2002 VL 58 BP O1384 EP O1386 DI 10.1107/S1600536802020482 PN 12 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 643YF UT WOS:000180890600032 ER PT J AU Lunsford-Poe, VW AF Lunsford-Poe, VW TI Piracy in the Graeco-Roman world SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lunsford-Poe, VW (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEABODY MUSEUM PI SALEM PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970 USA SN 0003-0155 J9 AM NEPTUNE JI Am. Neptune PD WIN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 756UD UT WOS:000187501000006 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Anderson, GP Lingerfelt, BM Feldstein, MJ Ligler, FS AF Taitt, CR Anderson, GP Lingerfelt, BM Feldstein, MJ Ligler, FS TI Nine-analyte detection using an array-based biosensor SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY ARRAYS; MICROARRAY; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; GLASS; ELISA; RICIN; CHIPS AB A fluorescence-based multianalyte immunosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples. While the standard 6 x 6 format of the array sensor has been used to analyze six samples for six different analytes, this same format has the potential to allow a single sample to be tested for 36 different agents. The method described herein demonstrates proof of principle that the number of analytes detectable using a single array can be increased simply by using complementary mixtures of capture and tracer antibodies. Mixtures were optimized to allow detection of closely related analytes without significant cross-reactivity. Following this facile modification of patterning and assay procedures, the following nine targets could be detected in a single 3 x 3 array: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, cholera toxin, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Bacillus globigii, Francisella tularensis LVS, Yersinia pestis F1 antigen, MS2 coliphage, and Salmonella typhimurium. This work maximizes the efficiency and utility of the described array technology, increasing only reagent usage and cost; production and fabrication costs are not affected. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 48 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 23 BP 6114 EP 6120 DI 10.1021/ac0260185 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 621YC UT WOS:000179617700034 PM 12498211 ER PT J AU Wang, J Pumera, M Collins, GE Mulchandani, A AF Wang, J Pumera, M Collins, GE Mulchandani, A TI Measurements of chemical warfare agent degradation products using an electrophoresis microchip with contactless conductivity SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SEPARATION AB This paper reports on a microfluidic device for the screening of organophosphonate nerve agent degradation products. The miniaturized system relies on an efficient chip-based separation of alkyl methylphosphonic acids (breakdown products of Satin, Soman, and VX nerve agents) followed by their sensitive contactless conductivity detection. Experimental parameters relevant to the separation and detection processes have been optimized to yield high sensitivity (with 48-86 mug L-1 detection limits), fast response (50 s for a three alkyl methylphosphonic acid mixture), high precision (RSD = 3.8-5.0%), and good linearity (over the 0.3-100 ring L-1 range). Applicability to natural (river) water samples is demonstrated. The new microsystem offers promise for monitoring degradation products of chemical warfare agents, with advantages of speed/warning, efficiency, portability, sample size, and cost compared to conventional ion chromatography or capillary electrophoresis systems. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Pumera, Martin/F-2724-2010; Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016 OI Pumera, Martin/0000-0001-5846-2951; Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154 NR 19 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 23 BP 6121 EP 6125 DI 10.1021/ac025746p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 621YC UT WOS:000179617700035 PM 12498212 ER PT J AU Ridgway, SH Marino, L Lipscomb, TP AF Ridgway, SH Marino, L Lipscomb, TP TI Description of a poorly differentiated carcinoma within the brainstem of a white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) from magnetic resonance images and histological analysis SO ANATOMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE white whale; magnetic resonance imaging; brainstem; tumor ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS; BELUGA WHALES; BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN; TARGET DETECTION; CETACEANS; ANATOMY; ESTUARY; TUMORS; SIZE AB In this study we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate neuroanatomical structure in the brain of a white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) that died from a large tumor within the brainstem. This specimen was also compared with a normal white whale brain using MRI. MRI scans of the white whale specimen show how the tumor deformed surrounding brain structure. Histopathological analysis indicated a poorly differentiated carcinoma of uncertain origin. These analyses demonstrate the usefulness of supplementing histological analyses of pathology with studies of gross morphology facilitated by MRI. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Neurosci & Behav Biol Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Marino, L (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Neurosci & Behav Biol Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0003-276X J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 268 IS 4 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1002/ar.10183 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 619CE UT WOS:000179455200011 PM 12420292 ER PT J AU Williams, BA Fleming, JW AF Williams, BA Fleming, JW TI Laser-induced fluorescence detection of acetylene in low-pressure propane and methane flames SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID QUENCHING RATES; AIR FLAME; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB Laser-induced fluorescence is used to detect and record profiles of acetylene formed as an intermediate species in 10-Torr premixed propane and methane flames. In low-temperature regions of the flames, excitation spectra confirm acetylene as the spectral carrier. The spectra of acetylene overlap those of O-2 and NO in terms of both excitation and detection wavelengths, however, acetylene can be detected with relatively little interference in the vicinity of 228 nm, using a detection wavelength of 260 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of acetylene in the flame conditions studied is approximately 20 ns, much shorter than the radiative lifetime, due to a high quenching rate for all the colliders investigated. This can be exploited in low-pressure flames to avoid interference from acetylene in monitoring nitric oxide. The acetylene mole fraction in propane flames reaches its peak value at nearly the same location as that of HCO, slightly closer to the burner than the peak CH mole fraction. The acetylene fluorescence signal is easily detected in propane flames over equivalence ratios from 0.6 to 1.2, although it increases under fuel-rich conditions. In methane flames, the acetylene signal is much weaker and is undetectable for fuel-lean conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6185, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 75 IS 8 BP 883 EP 890 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-1060-z PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 648DJ UT WOS:000181134300013 ER PT J AU Piatek, S Pryor, C Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Monet, DG Morrison, H Tinney, CG AF Piatek, S Pryor, C Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Monet, DG Morrison, H Tinney, CG TI Proper motions of dwarf spheroidal galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. I. Method and a preliminary measurement for Fornax SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Fornax) ID WAY SATELLITE GALAXIES; PHOTOMETRY; ASTROMETRY; PARALLAXES; DIAGRAM; STREAMS; PROGRAM; WFPC2; STARS; QSOS AB This article presents and discusses a method for measuring the proper motions of the Galactic dwarf spheroidal galaxies using images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. The method involves fitting an effective point-spread function to the image of a star or quasi-stellar object to determine its centroid with an accuracy of about 0.005 pixels (0.25 mas)-an accuracy sufficient to measure the proper motion of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, using images separated by just a few years. The data consist of images, dithered to reduce the effects of undersampling, taken at multiple epochs with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph or the Wide Field Planetary Camera. The science fields are in the directions of the Carina, Fornax, Sculptor, and Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and each has at least one quasi-stellar object whose identity has been established by other studies. The rate of change with time of the centroids of the stars of the dwarf spheroidal with respect to the centroid of the quasi-stellar object is the proper motion. Four independent preliminary measurements of the proper motion of Fornax for three fields agree within their uncertainties. The weighted average of these measurements is mu(alpha) = 49 +/- 13 mas century(-1) and mu(delta) = -59 +/- 13 mas century(-1). The Galactocentric velocity derived from the proper motion implies that Fornax is near perigalacticon, may not be bound to the Milky Way, and is not a member of any of the proposed streams of galaxies and globular clusters in the Galactic halo. If Fornax is bound, the Milky Way must have a mass of at least (1.6 +/- 0.8) x 10(12) M. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Piatek, S (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. OI Tinney, Christopher/0000-0002-7595-0970 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3198 EP 3221 DI 10.1086/344767 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 617KW UT WOS:000179361700014 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV AF Makarov, VV TI Computing the parallax of the Pleiades from the Hipparcos intermediate astrometry data: An alternative approach SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; open clusters and associations : individual (Pleiades); stars : distances ID OPEN CLUSTERS; TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES; DISTANCES; ERRORS; CONSTRAINTS; STARS AB The inconsistency between the mean parallax of the Pleidaes open cluster from the Hipparcos catalog and that obtained from the stellar evolution theory and photometric measurements is probed by recomputing the Hipparcos data in a different way that reduces the propagation of the along-scan attitude errors. This is achieved by coupling observations of stars made nearly simultaneously in the two separate fields of view of the telescope. A direct calculation of astrometric quantities of 54 Pleiades members by the new method, based on the Intermediate Astrometry Data, provides a correction of -0.71 +/- 0.14 mas to the weighted mean parallax of the cluster. The mean corrected parallax of the Pleiades is 7.75 +/- 0.20 mas. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 300 D St,SW,Suite 801, Washington, DC 20024 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3299 EP 3304 DI 10.1086/344683 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 617KW UT WOS:000179361700020 ER PT J AU Sudol, JJ Benson, JA Dyck, HM Scholz, M AF Sudol, JJ Benson, JA Dyck, HM Scholz, M TI An observational test of the spherical model atmospheres for the M class giants: The case of delta(2) Lyrae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : late-type; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : atmospheres; stars : individual (delta(2) Lyrae); instrumentation : interferometers; techniques : interferometric ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; BISPECTRUM SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; MIRA STAR MODELS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; MASS-LOSS; COOL GIANTS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; R-LEONIS; K-GIANT AB We have obtained interferometric data for delta(2) Lyrae, spectral type M4 II, at 1.25 and 1.65 mum at the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. This star has also been observed at the Mark III Optical Interferometer at optical wavelengths and at the Infrared-Optical Telescope Array at 2.20 mum. These observations have resulted in a total of seven uniform-disk diameter (UDD) estimates for delta(2) Lyrae at seven wavelengths. We compare the UDD estimates for delta(2) Lyrae to the most recent, static, M class giant model atmospheres. The most appropriate model that we can construct for delta(2) Lyrae, matching the star in mass, radius, and luminosity, cannot account for the observed variations in the UDDs with wavelength. Among 18 alternate models, the model that provides the best fit to the data has almost the same T-eff as delta(2) Lyrae but a lower mass and a more extended atmosphere. None of the models investigated, however, appear to provide a satisfactory description of the atmosphere of delta(2) Lyrae. We discuss several possible explanations for these results and the implications of the relative success of the lower mass model. C1 Natl Solar Observ, GONG Project, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Sudol, JJ (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, GONG Project, POB 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3370 EP 3378 DI 10.1086/344483 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 617KW UT WOS:000179361700029 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Lean, J AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Lean, J TI Meridional flow and the solar cycle variation of the Sun's open magnetic flux SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID POLAR FIELDS; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; ULYSSES; MODELS AB We simulate the evolution of the Sun's large-scale magnetic field during solar cycle 21, including the effect of surface transport processes and active region emergence. As an important new constraint on the model, we have scaled our source fluxes upward to be consistent with the average measured strength of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). By adopting a poleward bulk flow of amplitude similar to20-25 m s(-1) together with a supergranular diffusion rate of similar to500 km(2) s(-1), we are then able to match the observed variation of the Sun's polar fields and open magnetic flux. The high meridional flow speeds, peaking at low latitudes, prevent the buildup of an overly strong axisymmetric dipole component at sunspot minimum, while accounting for the giant poleward surges of flux and accompanying polar field fluctuations observed near sunspot maximum. The present simulations also reproduce the large peak in the equatorial dipole and IMF strength recorded in 1982. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 580 IS 2 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.1086/343845 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 619DG UT WOS:000179458300052 ER PT J AU Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI Trade liberalisation and regional integration: the search for large numbers SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Australian-Agricultural-and-Resource-Economics-Society (AARES) CY FEB 13-15, 2002 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Agr & Resource Econ Soc ID UNITED-STATES; EUROPEAN ENLARGEMENT; AREA; LIBERALIZATION; ARRANGEMENTS; ECONOMY; AMERICA; NAFTA AB We surveyed the empirical literature using multi-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to analyse potential and actual regional trade agreements (RTAs). The studies indicate that these RTAs improve welfare, that trade creation greatly exceeds trade diversion, and that they are consistent with further global liberalisation. The welfare gains are bigger when models incorporate aspects of "new trade theory" such as increasing returns, imperfect competition, and links between trade liberalisation, total factor productivity growth, and capital accumulation. We also conjectured that an RTA expands market size and stability, allowing firms to pursue economies of fine specialisation, generating additional "Smithian" efficiency gains. C1 USN Acad, Macroecon Div, Int Food Policy Res Inst, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Robinson, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Macroecon Div, Int Food Policy Res Inst, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-985X J9 AUST J AGR RESOUR EC JI Aust. J. Agr. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 585 EP 604 DI 10.1111/1467-8489.t01-1-00057 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 626EL UT WOS:000179859300006 ER PT J AU Finlay, JA Callow, ME Schultz, MP Swain, GW Callow, JA AF Finlay, JA Callow, ME Schultz, MP Swain, GW Callow, JA TI Adhesion strength of settled spores of the green alga Enteromorpha SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE adhesion; biofolding; green algae; Enteromorpha; gregarious settlement; shear stress; spore ID FOULING-RELEASE SURFACES; ZOOSPORES; MICROSCOPY AB Strengths of attachment of spores of the green fouling alga Enteromorpha to glass have been measured using a modified water jet apparatus. Surface pressures of similar to 250 kPa were required to quantitatively remove attached spores after 4 h contact with a surface. The development of adhesive and cohesive strength is highly time-dependent; after 8 h in contact with a surface spores did not detach, even at pressures in excess of 250 kPa. Spores settled in groups are more resistant to detachment than single spores, which suggests that the adaptive value of gregarious settlement behaviour may lie in the greater resistance of groups to detachment forces in a naturally turbulent environment. The interfacial forces exerted as water impinges on the surface and the derivation of adhesion strength values in terms of wall shear stress are discussed and compared with those obtained by other methods. A surface pressure of 250 kPa approximates to 325 Pa wall shear stress. Calculation using the power-law formula predicts that detachment forces of this magnitude are unlikely to be realized at operating speeds for most vessels and that most Enteromorpha spores would not detach from untreated hulls. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch BIosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Oceanog & Ocean Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RI Callow, Maureen/A-2684-2008; Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 21 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1080/08927010290029010 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 604LT UT WOS:000178623200002 ER PT J AU Gorelik, J Gu, YC Spohr, HA Shevchuk, AI Lab, MJ Harding, SE Edwards, CRW Whitaker, M Moss, GWJ Benton, DCH Sanchez, D Darszon, A Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Korchev, YE AF Gorelik, J Gu, YC Spohr, HA Shevchuk, AI Lab, MJ Harding, SE Edwards, CRW Whitaker, M Moss, GWJ Benton, DCH Sanchez, D Darszon, A Vodyanoy, I Klenerman, D Korchev, YE TI Ion channels in small cells and subcellular structures can be studied with a smart patch-clamp system SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; CONDUCTANCE MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; SPERMATOGENIC CELLS; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; MUSCLE-FIBERS; CA2+ CHANNELS; K+ CHANNELS AB We have developed a scanning patch-clamp technique that facilitates single-channel recording from small cells and submicron cellular structures that are inaccessible by conventional methods. The scanning patch-clamp technique combines scanning ion conductance microscopy and patch-clamp recording through a single glass nanopipette probe. In this method the nanopipette is first scanned over a cell surface, using current feedback, to obtain a high-resolution topographic image. This same pipette is then used to make the patch-clamp recording. Because image information is obtained via the patch electrode it can be used to position the pipette onto a cell with nanometer precision. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by obtaining ion channel recordings from the top of epithelial microvilli and openings of cardiomyocyte T-tubules. Furthermore, for the first time we have demonstrated that it is possible to record ion channels from very small cells, such as sperm cells, under physiological conditions as well as record from cellular microstructures such as submicron neuronal processes. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, Div Med, London W12 ONN, England. Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, London W12 ONN, England. Univ Newcastle, Dept Physiol Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. UCL, Dept Pharmacol, London, England. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotechnol, Dept Dev Genet & Mol Physiol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Korchev, YE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, Div Med, Hammersmith Campus,5th Floor,DuCane Rd, London W12 ONN, England. EM y.korchev@ic.ac.uk RI Sanchez, Daniel/B-5141-2009; Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009; OI Klenerman, David/0000-0001-7116-6954 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 22 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 6 BP 3296 EP 3303 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 633AD UT WOS:000180256300033 PM 12496097 ER PT J AU Stephens, GL Vane, DG Boain, RJ Mace, GG Sassen, K Wang, ZE Illingworth, AJ O'Connor, EJ Rossow, WB Durden, SL Miller, SD Austin, RT Benedetti, A Mitrescu, C AF Stephens, GL Vane, DG Boain, RJ Mace, GG Sassen, K Wang, ZE Illingworth, AJ O'Connor, EJ Rossow, WB Durden, SL Miller, SD Austin, RT Benedetti, A Mitrescu, C CA CloudSat Sci Team TI The cloudsat mission and the a-train - A new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MILLIMETER-WAVE RADAR; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; STRATUS CLOUD; ECMWF MODEL; CLIMATE; RETRIEVAL AB When launched in 2004, CloudSat-part of the new A-train constellation-will provide much needed measurements of the vertical structure of clouds from space. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Columbia, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM stephens@atmos.colostate.edu RI Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 NR 59 TC 1005 Z9 1037 U1 19 U2 90 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1771 EP 1790 DI 10.1175/BAMS-83-12-1771 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637LP UT WOS:000180513300014 ER PT J AU Schwing, FB Bograd, SJ Collins, CA Gaxiola-Castro, G Garcia, J Goericke, R Gomez-Valdez, J Huyer, A Hyrenbach, KD Kosro, PM Lavaniegos, BE Lynn, RJ Mantyla, AW Ohman, MD Peterson, WT Smith, RL Sydeman, WJ Venrick, E Weeler, PA AF Schwing, FB Bograd, SJ Collins, CA Gaxiola-Castro, G Garcia, J Goericke, R Gomez-Valdez, J Huyer, A Hyrenbach, KD Kosro, PM Lavaniegos, BE Lynn, RJ Mantyla, AW Ohman, MD Peterson, WT Smith, RL Sydeman, WJ Venrick, E Weeler, PA TI The state of the California Current, 2001-2002: Will the California Current System keep its cool, or is El Nino looming? SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC; COASTAL OCEAN; TRANSITION; OREGON; ZOOPLANKTON; OSCILLATION; ANOMALIES; PERIOD; EVENTS; REGIME AB This report summarizes physical and biological conditions in the California Current System (CCS), from Oregon to Baja California, in 2001 and 2002. The principal sources of the observations described here are the CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations), IMECOCAL (Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California), and U.S. GLOBEC-LTOP (Global Ecosystems Long-term Observation Program) programs. Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the Pacific point to a fourth consecutive La Nina-like year. This has contributed to generally stronger than normal upwelling and uncharacteristically cool waters in much of the CCS, a pattern that has persisted since late 1998. Biological productivity has been generally higher as well, particularly off Oregon. Within the observed interannual fluctuations of recent years, these conditions suggest a generally elevated production off California and Oregon, but cool conditions have led to lower than normal zooplankton biomass off Baja California. Although the tropical Pacific has exhibited some indications of a developing El Nino, it is not likely to impact the CCS during the productive upwelling season of 2002. These observations are continuing evidence that a regime shift may have occurred in 1998, resulting in substantial change in ecosystem structure in the CCS. Continued monitoring and analysis of the state of the CCS in this context is needed. We outline a plan for an integrated monitoring program for the entire region, through the creation of ACCEO (Alliance for California Current Ecosystem Observation). C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Ocean Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Marine Sci Div, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Marine Sci Div, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. RP Schwing, FB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RI Ohman, Mark/C-8763-2009; Gomez-Valdes, Jose/B-9846-2016 OI Gomez-Valdes, Jose/0000-0002-8528-7826 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 BP 31 EP 68 PG 38 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 697EN UT WOS:000183929400004 ER PT J AU Naciri, J Shenoy, DK Keller, P Gray, S Crandall, K Shashidhar, R AF Naciri, J Shenoy, DK Keller, P Gray, S Crandall, K Shashidhar, R TI Synthesis and pyroelectric properties of novel ferroelectric organosiloxane liquid crystalline materials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID C-ASTERISK PHASE; POLARIZATION; CELLS AB Novel ferroelectric liquid crystal materials with large pyroelectric coefficients (exceeding 100 nC/cm(2).K even under zero applied bias field) as compared to those reported so far have been synthesized. The materials described show a low melting point (<-10 degreesC) and low SmC*-SmA phase transition temperatures suitable for practical devices. Combined with the fact that the real part of the dielectric constant is also low as compared to that of ferroelectric ceramic materials used in pyroelectric devices, these new materials have significant potential for application in uncooled infrared sensing devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Curie, Sect Rech, CNRS, UMR 168,Lab Physico Chim Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. USN, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naciri, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 12 BP 5134 EP 5139 DI 10.1021/cm0207200 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 628VE UT WOS:000180016600035 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, JB TI The Great Wall at sea: China's navy enters the twenty-first century. SO CHINA QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Adv Res Dept, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Adv Res Dept, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0305-7410 J9 CHINA QUART JI China Q. PD DEC PY 2002 IS 172 BP 1071 EP 1072 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 643AZ UT WOS:000180840900015 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Long Gray lines: The Southern military school tradition, 1839-1915 SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 48 IS 4 BP 369 EP 370 DI 10.1353/cwh.2002.0062 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 622ZQ UT WOS:000179678700009 ER PT J AU Brundage, JF Ryan, MAK Feighner, BH Erdtmann, FJ AF Brundage, JF Ryan, MAK Feighner, BH Erdtmann, FJ TI Meningococcal disease among United States military service members in relation to routine uses of vaccines with different serogroup-specific components, 1964-1998 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; RISK AB Historically, military recruits have been at high risk of acquiring meningococcal disease. Beginning in the 1940s, the US military relied on mass treatment with sulfadiazine to control outbreaks in training camps. In the 1960s, a vaccine was developed in response to the emergence of sulfadiazine-resistant strains. Since 1971, all new recruits in the US military have been immunized against Neisseria meningitidis during their first days of service. Serogroups represented in vaccines given to service members have changed over time: the quadrivalent (A, C, Y, W135) vaccine has been given since 1982. In the US military, meningococcal disease rates decreased by similar to94% from 1964 to 1998. After initiating routine immunization in 1971, crude rates decreased sharply and have remained low; in addition, there have been few cases of disease caused by serogroups represented in contemporaneously administered vaccines. In the US military, immunizations have been effective for the prevention of disease caused by vaccine-homologous serogroups of N. meningitidis. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Med, Med Follow Up Agcy, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Brundage, JF (reprint author), 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1376 EP 1381 DI 10.1086/344273 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 617AK UT WOS:000179336800011 PM 12439801 ER PT J AU Hanson, VD AF Hanson, VD TI "I love Iraq, bomb Texas" SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Article RP Hanson, VD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 5 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 618RP UT WOS:000179431300027 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID AF Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID TI Applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE chalcogenides; infrared fibers; glasses; applications; sensors; lasers; sources ID S GLASS; IR; AMPLIFIERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; GENERATION; EMISSION; BUNDLE; LASER AB Chalcogenide-glass fibers based on sulfide,, selenide, telluride and their rare-earth-doped compositions are being actively pursued worldwide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite this, chalcogenide-glass fibers are enabling numerous applications that include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, and imaging, scanning near field microscopy/spectroscopy, IR sources/lasers, amplifiers and optical switches. (C) 2002 Academie des sciences / Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 75 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 15 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 12 BP 873 EP 883 DI 10.1016/S1631-0748(02)01450-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 660XK UT WOS:000181860100008 ER PT J AU Lin, WQ Sanford, LP Suttles, SE AF Lin, WQ Sanford, LP Suttles, SE TI Wave measurement and modeling in Chesapeake bay SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial Conference on the Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas (PECS) CY OCT 07-11, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA DE wave measurement; wave modeling; directional wave spectra; wind wave forecasts; Chesapeake Bay ID COASTAL REGIONS; OCEAN AB Three recently measured wind and wave data sets in the northern part of Chesapeake Bay (CB) are presented. Two of the three data sets were collected in late 1995. The third one was collected in July of 1998. The analyzed wind and wave data show that waves were dominated by locally generated, fetch limited young wind seas. Significant wave heights were highly correlated to the local driving wind speeds and the response time of the waves to the winds was about I h. We also tested two very different numerical wave models, Simulation of WAves Nearshore (SWAN) and Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), to hind-cast the wave conditions against the data sets. Time series model-data comparisons made using SWAN and GLERL showed that both models behaved well in response to a suddenly changing wind. In general, both SWAN and GLERL over-predicted significant wave height; SWAN over-predicted more than GLERL did. SWAN had a larger scatter index and a smaller correlation coefficient for wave height than GLERL had. In addition, both models slightly under-predicted the peak period with a fairly large scatter and low correlation coefficient. SWAN predicted mean wave direction better than GLERL did. Directional wave spectral comparisons between SWAN predictions and the data support these statistical comparisons. The GLERL model was much more computationally efficient for wind wave forecasts in CB. SWAN and GLERL predicted different wave height field distributions for the same winds in deeper water areas of the Bay where data were not available, however. These differences are as yet unresolved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Lin, WQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 18-19 BP 2673 EP 2686 AR PII S0278-4343(02)00120-6 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00120-6 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 625WU UT WOS:000179839200005 ER PT J AU Schauer, U Loeng, H Rudels, B Ozhigin, VK Dieck, W AF Schauer, U Loeng, H Rudels, B Ozhigin, VK Dieck, W TI Atlantic Water flow through the Barents and Kara Seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Barents Sea; mass transport; water mass formation ID DENSE BOTTOM WATER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; NORTH; INTERMEDIATE; VARIABILITY; PLUME; BASIN AB The pathway and transformation of water from the Norwegian Sea across the Barents Sea and through the St. Anna Trough are documented from hydrographic and current measurements of the 1990s. The transport through an array of moorings in the north-eastern Barents Sea was between 0.6 Sv in summer and 2.6 Sv in winter towards the Kara Sea and between zero and 0.3 Sv towards the Barents Sea with a record mean net flow of 1.5 Sv. The westward flow originates in the Fram Strait branch of Atlantic Water at the Eurasian continental slope, while the eastward flow constitutes the Barents Sea branch, continuing from the western Barents Sea opening. About 75% of the eastward flow was colder than 0degreesC. The flow was strongly sheared, with the highest velocities close to the bottom. A deep layer with almost constant temperature of about -0.5degreesC throughout the year formed about 50% of the flow to the Kara Sea. This water was a mixture between warm saline Atlantic Water and cold, brine-enriched water generated through freezing and convection in polynyas west of Novaya Zemlya, and possibly also at the Central Bank. Its salinity is lower than that of the Atlantic Water at its entrance to the Barents Sea, because the ice formation occurs in a low salinity surface layer. The released brine increases the salinity and density of the surface layer sufficiently for it to convect, but not necessarily above the salinity of the Atlantic Water. The freshwater west of Novaya Zemlya primarily stems from continental runoff and at the Central Bank probably from ice melt. The amount of fresh water compares to about 22% of the terrestrial freshwater supply to the western Barents Sea. The deep layer continues to the Kara Sea without further change and enters the Nansen Basin at or below the core depth of the warm, saline Fram Strait branch. Because it is colder than 0degreesC it will not be addressed as Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean. In earlier decades, the Atlantic Water advected from Fram Strait was colder by almost 2 K as compared to the 1990s, while the dense Barents Sea water was colder by up to 1 K only in a thin layer at the bottom and the salinity varied significantly. However, also with the resulting higher densities, deep Eurasian Basin water properties were met only in the 1970s. The very low salinities of the Great Salinity Anomaly in 1980 were not discovered in the outflow data. We conclude that the thermal variability of inflowing Atlantic water is damped in the Barents Sea, while the salinity variation is strongly modified through the freshwater conditions and ice growth in the convective area off Novaya Zemlya. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. Finnish Inst Marine Res, FIN-00931 Helsinki, Finland. Knipovich Polar Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Ocean, Murmansk, Russia. Environm Consulting, D-27616 Lunestedt, Germany. RP Schauer, U (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bussestr 24, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. NR 46 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2298 AR PII S0967-0637(02)00125-5 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00125-5 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 645CW UT WOS:000180959500009 ER PT J AU Skolnik, M AF Skolnik, M TI Opportunities in radar - 2002 SO ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POWER AB This paper addresses some of the potential opportunities for achieving advances in radar systems and technology. It is not a summary of current interests in radar, nor is it a forecast of what 'will be', but is speculation about what 'could be' based on the limited experiences and personal biases of the writer. Included are the replacement of existing radars that have been in use for some time, 'on-the-shelf' concepts and demonstrated technology that have yet to be employed, a few new directions that might offer capabilities that do not currently exist, and areas of basic technology that could be further explored to provide new understanding and new capabilities. Although much is included in the paper, it is not meant to be an exhaustive enumeration of the many possible directions for future radar. C1 USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Skolnik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Syst Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skolnikm@aol.com NR 20 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0954-0695 J9 ELECTRON COMMUN ENG JI Electron. Commun. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1049/ecej:20020602 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 631TE UT WOS:000180182200004 ER PT J AU Schafer, TW Hollis-Perry, KM Mondragon, RM Brann, OS AF Schafer, TW Hollis-Perry, KM Mondragon, RM Brann, OS TI Esophageal biopsy: apples and oranges - Response SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Letter ID ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 56 IS 6 BP 957 EP 958 DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(02)70391-X PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 622LX UT WOS:000179649500046 ER PT J AU Sherbini, S DeCicco, J AF Sherbini, S DeCicco, J TI Estimation of the effective dose when protective aprons are used in medical procedures: A theoretical evaluation of several methods SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose equivalent; effective; exposure; occupational; safety standards; medical radiation ID EQUIVALENT; PERSONNEL; RADIATION AB The use of the personal dose equivalent HP(10), as measured by one or more dosimeters, in estimating the effective dose equivalent Hr and the effective dose E was examined for situations in which a protective apron is worn by the monitored person during medical procedures. The photon energy range considered was between 0.03-1.0 MeV. Several methods recommended in the technical literature for this purpose were assessed and their ability to provide reasonable estimates for H-E and E were compared. The assessments were theoretical and used Monte Carlo transport methods and an anthropomorphic phantom to calculate HE, E, and HP(10). The results showed that all of the recommended methods, using either one or more dosimeters, were applicable to this situation but that most gave good results only within limited photon energy ranges, outside of which they either considerably over-or under-estimated the doses. Some provided good estimates over the entire energy range considered. C1 USN, Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Mat Safety & Safeguards, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Sherbini, S (reprint author), USN, Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Mat Safety & Safeguards, Mail Stop T8F5,11545 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM sxs2@nrc.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 6 BP 861 EP 870 DI 10.1097/00004032-200212000-00014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 620RC UT WOS:000179545500013 PM 12467294 ER PT J AU Thompson, LV AF Thompson, LV TI Probing the depths of German antisemitism: German society and the persecution of the Jews, 1933-1941 SO HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Thompson, LV (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 8756-6583 J9 HOLOCAUST GENOCIDE S JI Holocaust Genocide Stud. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 444 EP 446 DI 10.1093/hgs/16.3.444 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 628DJ UT WOS:000179976900015 ER PT J AU Bekkedal, MYV Ritchie, GD Still, KR Rossi, J AF Bekkedal, MYV Ritchie, GD Still, KR Rossi, J TI A proposed working definition for the novel concept of neurobehavioral hormesis SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE non-linearity; inverted U-shaped curve; exposure standards; JP-8 ID SCHEDULE-CONTROLLED BEHAVIOR; CHEMICAL HORMESIS; OPERANT-BEHAVIOR; RISK ASSESSMENT; MANGANESE; RATS; STIMULATION; DATABASE; EXPOSURE; TOLUENE AB It is proposed that a novel concept, neurobehavioral hormesis, be considered for integration into the field of toxicology. Hormesis results in a non-linear dose response where low dose exposures to toxicants cause beneficial effects, and detrimental effects at higher doses. Hormesis has not been systematically incorporated into traditional risk assessment methodologies, yet there is recent evidence that this pattern of results is relatively prevalent. In this paper, hormesis is applied to neurobehavioral toxicology, and an operational definition is proposed for application to putative examples of neurobehavioral hormesis. The two primary criteria used for the operational definition are: (1) performance is enhanced with low dose exposure and denigrated at higher doses, and (2) the change in behavior persists following a recovery period. In recent research from our laboratory it was reported that rats exposed to JP-8 jet fuel vapor demonstrated such a pattern of neurobehavioral performance on tests of learning and memory. Specifically, animals with long-term exposure to low concentrations of jet fuel demonstrated enhanced performance on specific operant tasks as compared both to controls and to animals exposed to higher concentrations. The effect was most apparent during complex versus simple operant tests, and was observed months following the last exposure to jet fuel. The effects meet both criteria for the proposed working definition of neurobehavioral hormesis, and thus provide evidence of the validity for considering neurobehavioral hormesis in published and future research, and suggests a more systematic investigation of existing literature may be warranted. Also, it provides additional support for the overall proposal to include hormetic effects in formal risk assessment paradigms. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachemnt Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bekkedal, MYV (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachemnt Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1815 EP 1823 DI 10.1080/20028091056872 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631EQ UT WOS:000180155500019 ER PT J AU Welch, TB Musselman, RL Emessiene, BA Gift, PD Choudhury, DK Cassadine, DN Yano, SM AF Welch, TB Musselman, RL Emessiene, BA Gift, PD Choudhury, DK Cassadine, DN Yano, SM TI The effects of the human body on UWB signal propagation in an indoor environment SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antenna proximity factors; fading channels; radio propagation AB Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems are investigated for their ability to operate in dense multipath environments. While a great deal of time and effort has been spent characterizing both the indoor and outdoor UWB channels, the effects of human body interaction with a close proximity UWB antenna remains unexplored. Measurements of a commercially available UWB antenna performance in, an anechoic chamber and in various indoor multipath environments were conducted. Comparisons of these measurement results indicate that while the human body creates a deep null (23.6 dB) in a light multipath environment, this null is drastically reduced (6.8 dB) in a dense multipath environment. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM t.b.welch@ieee.org NR 11 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1778 EP 1782 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2002.805243 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 624ET UT WOS:000179747900018 ER PT J AU Cohen, M Cauwenberghs, G Vorontsov, MA AF Cohen, Marc Cauwenberghs, Gert Vorontsov, Mikhail A. TI Image Sharpness and Beam Focus VLSI Sensors for Adaptive Optics SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Adaptive optics; analog very large scale integration (VLSI); focal-plane image processing; image sensors; optical communication AB High-resolution wavefront control for adaptive optics requires accurate sensing of a measure of optical quality. We present two analog very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) image-plane sensors that supply real-time metrics of image and beam quality, for applications in imaging and line-of-sight laser communication. The image metric VLSI sensor quantifies sharpness of the received image in terms of average rectified spatial gradients. The beam metric VLSI sensor returns first and second order spatial moments of the received laser beam to quantify centroid and width. Closed-loop wavefront control of a laser beam through turbulence is demonstrated using a spatial phase modulator and analog VLSI controller that performs stochastic parallel gradient descent of the beam width metric. C1 [Cohen, Marc; Cauwenberghs, Gert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cohen, Marc; Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vorontsov, Mikhail A.] USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cohen, Marc] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cohen, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0010026] FX Manuscript received March 1, 2002; revised October 16, 2002. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-0010026. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Ralph Etienne-Cummings. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 680 EP 690 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2002.807298 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA V23EU UT WOS:000208326900017 ER PT J AU Rose, LA Asher, WE Reising, SC Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Dowgiallo, DJ Horgan, KA Farquharson, G Knapp, EJ AF Rose, LA Asher, WE Reising, SC Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Dowgiallo, DJ Horgan, KA Farquharson, G Knapp, EJ TI Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE emissivity; foam; microwave radiometry; polarimetry ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; GAS TRANSFER; SEA; OCEAN AB Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam were conducted during May 2000 at the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment using radiometers operating at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz. Horizontal and vertical polarization measurements were performed at 36.5 GHz,horizontal, vertical, +45degrees, -45degrees, left-circular, and right-circular polarization measurements were obtained at 10.8 GHz. These measurements were carried out over a range of incidence angles from 30degrees to 60degrees. Surface foam was generated by blowing compressed air through a matrix of gas-permeable tubing supported by an aluminum frame and floats. Video micrographs of the foam were used to measure bubble size distribution and foam layer thickness. A video camera was boresighted with the radiometers to determine the beam-fill fraction of the foam generator. Results show emissivities that were greater than 0.9 and approximately constant in value over the range of incidence angles for vertically polarized radiation at both 10.8 and 36.5 GHz, while emissivities of horizontally polarized radiation showed a gradual decrease in value as incidence angle increased. Emissivities at +45degrees, -45degrees, left-circular, and right-circular polarizations were all very nearly equal to each other and were in turn approximately equal to the average values of the horizontal and vertical emissivities in each case. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Interferometr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Rose, LA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Interferometr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 NR 21 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2619 EP 2625 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.807006 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 643QE UT WOS:000180871300008 ER PT J AU Witczak, SC King, EE Saks, NS Lacoe, RC Shaneyfelt, MR Hash, GL Hjalmarson, HP Mayer, DC AF Witczak, SC King, EE Saks, NS Lacoe, RC Shaneyfelt, MR Hash, GL Hjalmarson, HP Mayer, DC TI Geometric component of charge pumping current in nMOSFETs due to low-temperature irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bulk recombination; capture cross-section; charge pumping; Coulomb scattering; geometric component; hot electrons; interface trap density; irradiation; low-temperature; mobility degradation; MOSFET; oxide-trapped charge; trapping kinetics ID SURFACE-OXIDE CHARGES; SIO2 GATE INSULATORS; HOLE TRANSPORT; SILICON SURFACES; INTERFACE TRAPS; ELECTRONS; SCATTERING; INVERSION; MOBILITY; DEVICES AB The geometric component of charge pumping current-was examined in n-channel metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors (MOSFETs) following low-temperature irradiation. In addition to the usual dependencies on channel length and gate bias transition time, the geometric component was found to increase with radiation-induced oxide-trapped charge density and decreasing temperature. A postirradiation injection of electrons into the gate oxide reduces the geometric component along with the density of oxide-trapped charge, which clearly demonstrates that the two are correlated. A fit of the injection data to a first-order model for trapping kinetics indicates that the electron trapping occurs predominantly at a single type of Coulomb-attractive trap site. The geometric component results primarily from the bulk recombination of channel electrons that fail to transport to the source or drain during the transition from inversion to accumulation. The radiation response of these transistors suggests that Coulomb scattering by oxide-trapped charge increases the bulk recombination at low temperatures by impeding electron transport. These results imply that the geometric component must be properly accounted for when charge pumping irradiated n-channel MOSFETs at low temperatures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 17621, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Technol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Witczak, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 17621, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2662 EP 2666 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805987 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800008 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Summers, GP Walters, RJ AF Messenger, SR Burke, EA Summers, GP Walters, RJ TI Application of displacement damage dose analysis to low-energy protons on silicon devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE ID RADIATION AB Past work has shown that the degradation of GaAs solar cells in space radiation environments can be described with a single curve for all incident particle energies. This greatly simplifies the prediction of the performance of solar cells exposed to complex particle spectra. A similar approach has not been applied to silicon solar cells because the large diffusion length in silicon means that protons with relatively high energies lose a significant fraction of their energy in the active region of the cell. The proton energies are, therefore, not well defined in the device. In this paper, we show how the Monte Carlo code SKIM can be used to extend the displacement damage dose concept to cases where this occurs. The approach described can be used to analyze the response of complex device structures in the space environment. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 12 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2690 EP 2694 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805359 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800012 ER PT J AU Dyer, CS Hunter, K Clucas, S Rodgers, D Campbell, A Buchner, S AF Dyer, CS Hunter, K Clucas, S Rodgers, D Campbell, A Buchner, S TI Observation of solar particle events from CREDO and MPTB during the current solar maximum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE analog to digital converter; heavy ions; linear energy transfer spectra; protons; single event effects; solar particle events ID RADIATION ENVIRONMENT; PROBABILITY MODEL; MICROELECTRONICS; FLUENCES; UPSETS AB Data obtained from the Microelectronics and Photonics Test Bed since July 2000 show a large number of solar particle events. Measurements from the Cosmic Radiation Environment Dosimetry Experiment show that the relative importance of proton and heavy ion fluxes varies greatly from event to event and even with time during an event. Single-event upsets in the analog-to-digital converter experiment are compared with calculations based on the measured fluxes; this demonstrates the importance of both contributions. Three major events show,that the CREME96 worst-day model can be equaled in ions and exceeded in protons. C1 QinetiQ, Dept Space, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Solid State Devices Branch, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, SFA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RP Dyer, CS (reprint author), QinetiQ, Dept Space, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2771 EP 2775 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.806216 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800024 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Buchner, S Pease, RL AF McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Buchner, S Pease, RL TI Subbandgap laser-induced single event effects: Carrier generation via two-photon absorption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE error injection; multi photon absorption; optical propagation in absorbing media; silicon; single-event effects; single-event transients; two-photon absorption ID PULSED-LASER; SILICON AB Carrier generation based on subbandgap two-photon absorption is demonstrated and shown to be a viable alternative to the conventional single-photon excitation approach in laser-induced single event effects. The two-photon approach exhibits characteristics distinct from those of single-photon excitation, and may be advantageous for a range of single-event effect investigations. The charge track produced by two-photon absorption more closely resembles that of heavy-ion irradiation and, because the photon energy is subbandgap, backside injection through bulk silicon wafers is straightforward and three-dimensional mapping is possible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3002 EP 3008 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805337 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800059 ER PT J AU Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Sternberg, AL Pease, RL Buchner, S Howard, JW McMorrow, D Savage, MW Poivey, C AF Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Sternberg, AL Pease, RL Buchner, S Howard, JW McMorrow, D Savage, MW Poivey, C TI Circuit Modeling of the LM124 operational amplifier for analog single-event transient analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE analog single-event transients; circuit modeling; electrical calibration; laser calibration; LM124 operational amplifier; transistor parameter extraction ID PULSED-LASER AB This work presents the development of a transistor-level circuit model of the LM124 operational amplifier specifically engineered and calibrated for analog single-event transient (ASET) computer simulations. The techniques presented rely heavily on datasheet specifications for electrical parameterization and experimental laser probing for dc and transient calibration. The resulting circuit model proves to be suitable for broad-beam SET predictions and fault diagnostics for space applications. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. QSS, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. Jackson & Tull, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Boulghassoul, Y (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3090 EP 3096 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805400 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800071 ER PT J AU Sternberg, AL Massengill, LW Buchner, S Pease, RL Boulghassoul, Y Savage, MW McMorrow, D Weller, RA AF Sternberg, AL Massengill, LW Buchner, S Pease, RL Boulghassoul, Y Savage, MW McMorrow, D Weller, RA TI The role of parasitic elements in the single-event transient response of linear circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE analog; spice; single-event; comparator; op-amp AB Parasitic elements can play an important role in the single-event transients sensitivity of a circuit. This work describes how parasitics can affect the simulation response of linear circuits and shows how parasitics have been identified using a pulsed laser. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. QSS, Lanham, MD 20771 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sternberg, AL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3115 EP 3120 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805340 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800075 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Sternberg, AL Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Buchner, S McMorrow, D Walsh, DS Hash, GL LaLumondiere, SD Moss, SC AF Pease, RL Sternberg, AL Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Buchner, S McMorrow, D Walsh, DS Hash, GL LaLumondiere, SD Moss, SC TI Comparison of SETs in bipolar linear circuits generated with an ion microbeam, laser light, and circuit simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bipolar analog; comparators; laser beams; integrated circuit; ion beams; ion microbeams; ionization; operational amplifiers; radiation effects; single event transient; transient response ID PULSED-LASER; SINGLE AB Generally good agreement is obtained between the single-event output voltage transient waveforms; obtained by exposing individual circuit elements of a bipolar comparator and operational amplifier to an ion microbeam, a pulsed laser beam, and circuit simulations using SPICE. The agreement is achieved by adjusting the amounts of charge deposited by the laser or injected in the SPICE simulations. The implications for radiation hardness assurance are discussed. C1 RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3163 EP 3170 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805346 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800082 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Maher, MC Shaneyfelt, MR Savage, MW Baker, P Krieg, J Turflinger, TL AF Pease, RL Maher, MC Shaneyfelt, MR Savage, MW Baker, P Krieg, J Turflinger, TL TI Total-dose hardening of a bipolar-voltage comparator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bipolar analog circuits; comparator; ionization; linear circuits; radiation effects; radiation hardening ID SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; ICS AB A radiation-tolerant bipolar-voltage comparator experienced severe degradation of radiation hardness when layout of the part was redrawn and the process moved from a 4-in wafer to a 6-in wafer line. The reasons for the loss in hardness are identified, and it is shown that modifications to the design layout eliminate the problem. C1 RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87101 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3180 EP 3184 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805404 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800084 ER PT J AU Mittereder, JA Roussos, JA Anderson, WT Ioannou, DE AF Mittereder, JA Roussos, JA Anderson, WT Ioannou, DE TI Quantitative measurement of channel temperature of GaAs devices for reliable life-time prediction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE baseplate temperature; channel temperature; gallium arsenide; thermistor ID SCANNING THERMAL MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC MATERIALS; STHM AB The channel temperature of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) devices was quantitatively measured using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), which is a variation of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The temperature of the devices was also characterized by infrared (IR) imaging and thermal modeling. The measured SThM temperature values were close to the calculated values from the model, and were higher than those found by IR, as predicted. In contrast to most published AFM results which have reported only qualitative and indirect semi-quantitative thermal information about the sample, the results presented here can be used directly to determine accurately the device-temperature. These results are useful to the reliability community in that they help to predict a more accurate semiconductor device lifetime. By careful calibration of an AFM thermistor probe tip, a quantitative temperature measurement of the channel temperature of the GaAs PHEMTs and MESFETs can be made. The result of the measurement can be substantiated by applying a suitable thermal calculation, such as the Cooke model. A secondary measurement technique, such as IR microscopy, can also be useful in providing further information about the thermal response of the device. Published results using AFM techniques have been unable to determine the channel temperature quantitatively. The method in this paper applies to other types of electronic devices for which the channel (or junction) temperature can be probed from the top surface of the device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Mittereder, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6852, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1109/TR.2002.804487 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 610ZF UT WOS:000178991400014 ER PT J AU Matsuura, M Sasao, T Butler, JT Iguchi, Y AF Matsuura, M Sasao, T Butler, JT Iguchi, Y TI Bi-partition of shared binary decision diagrams SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE shared binary decision diagram; SBDD; bi-partition; multiple-output function; decomposition AB A shared binary decision diagram (SBDD) represents a multiple-output function, where nodes are shared among BDDs representing the various outputs. A partitioned SBDD consists of two or more SBDDs that share nodes. The separate SBDDs are optimized independently, often resulting in " reduction in the number of nodes over a single SBDD. We show " method for partitioning a single SBDD into two parts that reduces the node count. Among the benchmark functions tested, a node reduction of up to 23% is realized. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. Meiji Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148571, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. Kyushu Inst Technol, Ctr Microelect Syst, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. EM sasao@cse.kyutech.ac.jp RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8508 EI 1745-1337 J9 IEICE T FUND ELECTR JI IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL E85A IS 12 BP 2693 EP 2700 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 626XX UT WOS:000179900100015 ER PT J AU Staenz, K Secker, J Gao, BC Davis, C Nadeau, C AF Staenz, K Secker, J Gao, BC Davis, C Nadeau, C TI Radiative transfer codes applied to hyperspectral data for the retrieval of surface reflectance SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE surface reflectance retrieval; radiative transfer codes; ATREM; CAM5S; MODTRAN4; hyperspectral data; AVIRIS; casi (TM) ID AVIRIS AB The present investigation evaluates surface reflectance retrieved from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (casi(TM)) data using the atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) codes: atmospheric removal program (ATREM), Canadian advanced modified 5S (CAM5S) and moderate atmospheric radiance and transmittance model (MODTRAN4). The retrieved surface reflectances were compared with ground-based reflectances acquired with a GER3700(TM) spectroradiometer for a playa and canola target. The results showed that the best overall performance was achieved with MODTRAN4 (average relative error of 2.3%), followed by ATREM (3.6%) and CAM5S (4.2%). Major differences occur in the stronger gas absorption regions. At wavelengths unaffected by strong gaseous absorption, the performance was similar for the three RT codes even though ATREM and CAM5S make extensive use of analytical expressions and, therefore, have faster execution times. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates Ltd, Richmond, BC V6V 2J3, Canada. RP Staenz, K (reprint author), Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 194 EP 203 AR PII S0924-2716(02)00121-1 DI 10.1016/S0924-2716(02)00121-1 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 622TY UT WOS:000179664200004 ER PT J AU Greanya, VA Tonjes, WC Liu, R Olson, CG Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG AF Greanya, VA Tonjes, WC Liu, R Olson, CG Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG TI Determination of the valence band dispersions for Bi2Se3 using angle resolved photoemission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The valence band dispersions for Bi2Se3 have been determined using angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimentally determined band dispersions are compared with theoretical band structure calculations. In general, good agreement between experiment and theory was found. However, energy bands in the Gamma-Z direction are significantly flatter than those predicted by theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Greanya, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 6658 EP 6661 DI 10.1063/1.1517748 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TK UT WOS:000179206600041 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J TI Formation and thermal stability of ultra-shallow p(+) junctions in Si and Si1-xGex formed by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION IMPLANTS; KEV BORON; SILICON; SI(100); GROWTH; BF2 AB Ultra-shallow junction layers are required for deep-submicron complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors and quantum devices. The use of low temperature Si molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been investigated for the formation of 10 nm ultra-shallow doped layers. Uniformly B-doped Si layers, B delta-doped Si, and uniformly B-doped Si1-x Ge-x (x=0, 0.2, or 0.4) layers have been studied. Regardless of the growth technique (uniform versus delta-doped) or Ge concentration, the sheet resistance of the optimally-doped, as-grown samples were equivalent to idealized, box profiles having a carrier concentration equal to the B solid solubility limit in Si, 6x10(20)/cm(3), which is a substantial improvement over the best reported, ion implanted shallow layers. The B in the as-grown, optimally-doped MBE layers is fully electrically active and does not require a post-growth anneal. The thermal budget of the layers was established so that the layers can be employed in a device fabrication process. The MBE-grown shallow-doped layers were not affected by 10 min thermal processing up to 700 degreesC. While substantial B redistribution occurred as a result of the 800 degreesC 10 min anneal, the sheet resistances of the MBE-grown layers are still less than ion implanted samples having the same junction depth. In addition, it was observed that the Ge alloy layers impeded the diffusion of B at 800 degreesC. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Int SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 6845 EP 6850 DI 10.1063/1.1518766 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TK UT WOS:000179206600072 ER PT J AU Hirshberg, B Mog, S Patterson, N Leconte, J Harlan, DM AF Hirshberg, B Mog, S Patterson, N Leconte, J Harlan, DM TI Histopathological study of intrahepatic islets transplanted in the nonhuman primate model using Edmonton protocol immunosuppression SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID RENAL-ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; PANCREATIC-ISLETS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-FLOW; REVASCULARIZATION; VASCULARIZATION; MICROCIRCULATION; LANGERHANS; ISOGRAFTS; CD154 AB While islet cell transplantation is a promising way to restore insulin independence to patients with type I diabetes mellitus, a detailed histological analysis of the transplanted, intraportal islets has not yet been reported. Rhesus macaques underwent total pancreatectomy, then had allogeneic isolated islets infused into their portal vein, followed by daclizumab, tacrolimus, and sirolimus to prevent islet rejection. Islets were evenly distributed among the liver lobes. Liver sections from a primate given allogeneic islets 5 d earlier did not display any islet capillary formation, whereas intrahepatic islets transplanted 30 and 90 d before euthanasia showed an abundant capillary supply. Localized hepatocellular glycogenosis was observed surrounding the islets in a primate with functioning islets 7 months post transplant. Liver sections from a primate that rejected islets transplanted 2 months prior displayed only islet remnants with prominent local lymphohistiocytic inflammation and an occasional capillary. We conclude that islets develop an abundant vascular supply within 30 d following transplant and because capillaries persist even following rejection, that the vascular cells are likely from the recipient. While transplanted islets were not vascularized early post transplant, the primates remained insulin independent. The long-term consequence of islets in the liver, marked by the glycogenosis, remains unknown and warrants further study. C1 NIDDKD, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Harlan, DM (reprint author), NIDDK, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 11S210, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM DavidMH@intra.niddk.nih.gov NR 25 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 87 IS 12 BP 5424 EP 5429 DI 10.1210/jc.2002-020684 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 628DC UT WOS:000179976300012 PM 12466330 ER PT J AU Jouet, RJ Purdy, AP Wells, RL Janik, JF AF Jouet, RJ Purdy, AP Wells, RL Janik, JF TI Preparation of phase pure cubic gallium nitride, c-GaN, by ammonothermal conversion of gallium imide, {Ga(NH)(3/2)}(n) SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zinc-blende; gallium nitride; nanoparticles; crystal growth; synthesis ID GROUP-III NITRIDES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH; MELT; FLUX AB Gallium imide, {Ga(NH)(3/2)}(n), was sealed in quartz tubes with anhydrous NH3 and NH4X (X Cl, Br, I) and heated vertically in an autoclave with the hot-zone (bottom) temperature ranging from 300-530degreesC. With NH4I mineralizer, the imide was converted to primarily the zinc-blende phase of GaN (c-GaN), usually in the form of micron sized or smaller tetrahedra. With NH4Cl mineralizer, hexagonal GaN nanoparticles formed instead, and NH4Br facilitated the conversion of imide to irregular h-GaN nanoparticles at lower temperatures, and larger particles above 500degreesC. At the higher temperatures, chemical transport took place and GaN crystals grew on the walls at the middle to the top of the tube. Most of the deposited GaN was cubic, usually in a heavily etched triangular prismatic morphology. Several experiments were performed in a Pt lined pressure vessel in order to demonstrate that the synthesis method can be scaled up. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Fac Fuels & Energy, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6125, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 469 EP 486 DI 10.1023/A:1021119527133 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 615KY UT WOS:000179245400003 ER PT J AU Higa, KT Fallis, KA AF Higa, KT Fallis, KA TI The synthesis of II-VI binary alloys and organometallic compounds via Me3SiOR elimination reactions SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE binary alloys; elimination reactions; HgTe; CdTe ID MOLECULES AB Trimethylsilyl chloride elimination reactions have been well documented. We now report the use of trimethylsilyl acetate elimination reaction in the preparation of binary alloys, HgTe and CdTe. The new compound, (MeHg)(3)P, and the known compound (MeHg)(2)S have been prepared by the trimethylsilyl acetate elimination reaction and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electron ionization mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div China Lake, Res Dept, Mat Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Higa, KT (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div China Lake, Res Dept, Mat Chem Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1023/A:1021127728951 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 615KY UT WOS:000179245400007 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Snow, AW Twigg, ME AF Foos, EE Snow, AW Twigg, ME TI Synthesis and characterization of water soluble gold nanoclusters of varied core size SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gold; nanoclusters; water soluble; synthesis ID STABILIZED METAL-CLUSTERS; COLLOID SCIENCE; NANOPARTICLES; MICROELECTRONICS; ENSEMBLE; FIELD AB A series of water soluble gold nanoclusters of variable core size were prepared and characterized. The clusters were synthesized using a ligand substitution reaction between CH3(OCH2CH2)(3)SH and hexanethiol encapsulated gold nanoclusters, and characterized using NMR, FUR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as TGA, DSC, and TEM. Conductivity values were obtained for the clusters and increased as expected along with the gold core size. The substitution reaction used in the synthesis was followed by H-1 NMR and found to produce only partial ligand substitution after 24 h, consistent with solubility observations and necessitating use of a two-step preparation scheme. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1023/A:1021179713021 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 615KY UT WOS:000179245400008 ER PT J AU Nagem, RJ Lee, D AF Nagem, RJ Lee, D TI Coupled 3D wave equations with irregular fluid-elastic interface: Theoretical development SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE wave propagation; irregular fluid-elastic interface; parabolic equations; numerical ODE formulation AB A coupled three-dimensional fluid-elastic wave propagation mathematical model has been developed to handle environmental interactions in the ocean between a fluid medium and an elastic bottom. The existing model combines three-dimensional fluid and elastic wave propagation models with the incorporation of a set of horizontal fluid-elastic interface conditions. This paper extends the above model to consider an irregular fluid-elastic interface. The theoretical development of the irregular fluid-elastic interface equations is presented. Comparison of the fluid-elastic irregular interface to the horizontal case is one of the major objectives of this paper. Another major objective of this paper is the construction of a complete set of three-dimensional fluid-elastic wave equations, including the irregular interface, in a form suitable for stable numerical solution. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Nagem, RJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 421 EP 444 DI 10.1142/S0218396X02001656 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 629UV UT WOS:000180070300005 ER PT J AU Babcock, SE Kuech, TF Freitas Jr, JA AF Babcock, SE Kuech, TF Freitas Jr, JA TI Bulk nitride semiconductors 2002 - Proceedings of the International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors, Amazonas, Brazil, 18-23 May 2002 - Preface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Babcock, SE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2002 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP VII EP VII AR PII S0022-0248(02)02036-5 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RF UT WOS:000179259900001 ER PT J AU Butcher, KSA Afifuddin, P Chen, PT Godlewski, M Szczerbakow, A Goldys, EM Tansley, TL Freitas, JA AF Butcher, KSA Afifuddin, P Chen, PT Godlewski, M Szczerbakow, A Goldys, EM Tansley, TL Freitas, JA TI Recrystallization prospects for freestanding low-temperature GaN grown using ZnO buffer layers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Specialist Meeting on Bulk Nitride Growth and Related Techniques CY MAY 18-23, 2002 CL AMAZONAS, BRAZIL DE recrystallization; atomic layer epitaxy; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; nitrides; zinc compounds; glasses ID SAPPHIRE; FILMS AB Remote plasma enhanced-laser-induced chemical vapor deposition was used to grow gallium nitride films on zinc oxide buffer layers deposited by atomic layer epitaxy on soda time glass. Freestanding layers of gallium nitride were processed by etching away the substrate and ZnO buffer layer. The n-type carrier mobility for the GaN on ZnO/soda lime glass was found to be similar to the highest values achieved on pure silica, and was accompanied by high carrier concentration. As-grown polycrystalline materials were recrystallized at low temperature (below the 570degreesC gallium nitride growth temperature). This recrystallization process greatly improved the film structure with a self-assembled multilayer structure evident in the oxygen-rich surface layer of the films that had undergone the process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Semicond Sci & Technol Labs, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butcher, KSA (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Semicond Sci & Technol Labs, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RI Godlewski, Marek/S-5288-2016; OI Goldys, Ewa/0000-0003-2470-7118 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2002 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 243 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01747-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01747-5 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RF UT WOS:000179259900009 ER PT J AU Myers, TH VanMil, BL Holbert, LJ Peng, CY Stinespring, CD Alam, J Freitas, JA Dmitriev, VA Pechnikov, A Shapovalova, Y Ivantsov, V AF Myers, TH VanMil, BL Holbert, LJ Peng, CY Stinespring, CD Alam, J Freitas, JA Dmitriev, VA Pechnikov, A Shapovalova, Y Ivantsov, V TI Use of high temperature hydrogen annealing to remove sub-surface damage in bulk GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Specialist Meeting on Bulk Nitride Growth and Related Techniques CY MAY 18-23, 2002 CL AMAZONAS, BRAZIL DE etching; nitrides; semiconducting III-IV compounds ID EPITAXY AB The results of a study to use atmospheric pressure annealing in hydrogen for etching GaN to remove damage from mechanical polishing is reported. Annealing in hydrogen ambient can achieve high removal rates. However, the highest removal rates at a given temperature result in an unacceptably rough surface morphology, possibly related to surface accumulation of Ga during the etching. Lower GaN removal rates maintained smooth surfaces for unpolished GaN. Faster etch rates are always observed for damaged material, with results suggesting that such differential etching may be suppressed at higher temperatures. Both photoluminescence and optical microscopy indicate. mechanical polishing damage can extend as far as 2 mum into the sample, and could be removed by hydrogen annealing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, MSRCE, Washington, DC 20001 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technol & Devices Int Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Myers, TH (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013; Pechnikov, Aleksei/I-5410-2014 NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2002 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP 244 EP 251 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01748-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01748-7 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RF UT WOS:000179259900010 ER PT J AU Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ Morelli, D Freitas, JA AF Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ Morelli, D Freitas, JA TI Some effects of oxygen impurities on AlN and GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Specialist Meeting on Bulk Nitride Growth and Related Techniques CY MAY 18-23, 2002 CL AMAZONAS, BRAZIL DE characterization; defects; impurities; growth from vapor; semiconducting aluminium compounds; semiconducting gallium compounds ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; BAND-GAP; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; ABSORPTION AB Oxygen is a common substitutional impurity in both AlN and GaN crystals. In the wurtzite 2H phase it can be present in AlN up to concentrations of I x 10(21)/cm(3) while in GaN it can reach concentrations of 3 x 10(22)/cm(3). These high concentrations of oxygen affect the luminescence, the optical absorption, the thermal conductivity, and the crystal perfection. The effects are somewhat similar in AlN and GaN. Representative experimental data will be presented to demonstrate the similarities, and to show how the oxygen content may be estimated from these property measurements. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Crystal IS Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Delphi Res Labs, Shelby Township, MI 48315 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schowalter, LJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 59 TC 207 Z9 213 U1 10 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2002 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 298 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01753-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01753-0 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RF UT WOS:000179259900015 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY Koleske, DD AF Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY Koleske, DD TI Donors in hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Specialist Meeting on Bulk Nitride Growth and Related Techniques CY MAY 18-23, 2002 CL AMAZONAS, BRAZIL DE characterization; impurities; hydride vapor phase epitaxy; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; nitrides; semiconductor gallium compounds ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITONS; GROWTH; FILMS AB Although considerable progress has been made in, reducing background impurities and controlling optical and electronic properties of heteroepitaxial GaN layers over the last three decades, strong experimental evidence that clarifies the chemical identify of the shallow donors has been presented only recently. Variable temperature photoluminescence studies of recombination processes associated with excitons bound to donors and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of donor absorption in hydride-vapor-phase epitaxial GaN are presented. PL studies of undoped and Si-doped homoepitaxial layers are consistent with and support the identification of Si and 0 as the dominants pervasive shallow donors in GaN, as measured by FTIR-and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Analyses of the two-electron satellite (2ES) transitions reveal the observation of a number of transitions associated with ground and excited states of both the donors and the donor-bound exciton complexes. All the, 2ES lines observed in this work can be accounted for by recombination of excitons bound to Si and 0 donors and line positions are in excellent agreement with the energies of donor intraimpurity transitions measured previously by infrared absorption. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC PY 2002 VL 246 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 314 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01755-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01755-4 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RF UT WOS:000179259900017 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Karniadakis, GE AF Grinstein, FF Karniadakis, GE TI Alternative LES and hybrid RANS/LES for turbulent flows SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 821 EP 822 DI 10.1115/1.1518700 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628UF UT WOS:000180014400001 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Fureby, C AF Grinstein, FF Fureby, C TI Recent progress on MILES for high Reynolds number flows SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; DEPENDENT BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PIECEWISE PARABOLIC METHOD; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; SUBGRID-SCALE MODELS; REARWARD-FACING STEP; SHEAR FLOWS; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; AXISYMMETRICAL JET AB A promising large-eddy simulation (LES) approach is monotonically integrated LES (MILES) which involves solving the Navier-Stokes equations using high-resolution monotone algorithms. In MILES, the subgrid scale (SGS) flow physics is provided by intrinsic, nonlinear high-frequency filters built into the discretization and implicit SGS models. Mathematical and physical aspects of implicit SGS modeling using nonlinear flux-limiters are addressed using a formalism based on the modified LES equations approach. Detailed properties of the implicit subgrid model are related to the flux limiter which in turn depends on the specifics of the numerical scheme; we illustrate how the latter properties can directly affect their potential in the MILES framework. Major unresolved issues relevant to LES of complex practical turbulent flows are discussed in this context, including some aspects of boundary condition modeling and overall computational model validation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Dept Weapons & Protect Warheads & Prop, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 87 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 848 EP 861 DI 10.1115/1.1516576 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628UF UT WOS:000180014400005 ER PT J AU Malicka, J Gryczynski, I Fang, JY Kusba, J Lakowicz, JR AF Malicka, J Gryczynski, I Fang, JY Kusba, J Lakowicz, JR TI Photostability of Cy3 and Cy5-labeled DNA in the presence of metallic silver particles SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article DE metal-enhanced fluorescence; DNA; photostability; Cy3; Cy5; silver islands; colloids ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ISLAND FILMS; SURFACE; MICROARRAYS AB We examined the photostability of a double-stranded DNA oligomer, covalently labeled with Cy3 or Cy5 on one strand, in the presence of metallic silver island films. In our experimental configuration a minor fraction of the labeled DNA was close to the silver particles and the remainder was distant from the particles. Proximity of the fluorophores to silver island films resulted in increased intensity. Upon continuous illumination we found a fraction of the emission that was resistant to the photo-bleaching. The emission spectra of the residual fractions were identical to the initial spectra. The frequency-domain lifetime measurements of this fraction revealed greatly shortened decay times. These results are consistent with the photostable fraction being close to the silver particles. This results suggest that the number of photons detected per fluorophore, prior to photobleaching, can be increased 5-fold or more by proximity to silver particles. Localization at an optimal distance from the silver surface may result in larger enhancements. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Gdansk Tech Univ, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Lakowicz, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM lakowicz@cfs.umbi.umd.edu RI Kusba, Jozef/A-5119-2008 OI Kusba, Jozef/0000-0002-9697-0751 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1023/A:1021370111590 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 633BN UT WOS:000180259500016 ER PT J AU Brice, GT Graber, NL Carucci, DJ Doolan, DL AF Brice, GT Graber, NL Carucci, DJ Doolan, DL TI Optimal induction of antigen-specific CD8+T cell responses requires bystander cell participation SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemokines; cytokines; FACS; T lymphocytes; bystander activation ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; IFN-GAMMA; CHEMOKINES MUMIG; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DENDRITIC CELLS; PEPTIDE BINDING; IL-2 RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO; IMMUNITY AB Efficient activation of specific immune responses requires a concerted interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. A requirement for bystander participation of CD4+ T cells for expansion and maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells has been noted in several models, but a role with regard to effector CD8+ T responses has not been well-defined. In this report, the requirement of bystander participation for optimal induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell effector function was determined by directly quantitating antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) CD8+ T cell responses by enzyme-linked immunospot assays, and by indirectly evaluating induction of the chemokine monokine induced by IFN-gamma as a marker for IFN-gamma-mediated effector function. Our results demonstrate that bystander cell participation, mediated by CD4+ T cell and natural killer (NK) cells, is required for optimal induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell effector responses. Our data further establish a novel role for NK cells in the activation of antigen-specific immune responses. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grand Ave,Lab 3W16, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1164 EP 1171 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 629QX UT WOS:000180061300011 PM 12488498 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Wang, GH Chen, YC AF Chu, PC Wang, GH Chen, YC TI Japan sea thermohaline structure and circulation. Part III: Autocorrelation functions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID P-VECTOR METHOD; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB The autocorrelation functions of temperature and salinity in the three basins (Ulleung, Japan, and Yamato Basins) of the Japan/East Sea are computed using the U. S. Navy's Master Oceanographic Observational Dataset for 1930-97. After quality control the dataset consists of 93 810 temperature and 50 349 salinity profiles. The decorrelation scales of both temperature and salinity were obtained through fitting the autocorrelation function into the Gaussian function. The signal-to-noise ratios of temperature and salinity for the three basins are usually larger than 2. The signal-to-noise ratio of temperature is greater in summer than in winter. There is more noise in salinity than in temperature. This might be caused by fewer salinity than temperature observations. The autocorrelation functions of temperature for the three basins have evident seasonal variability at the surface: less spatial variability in the summer than in the winter. The temporal (spatial) decorrelation scale is shorter (longer) in the summer than in the winter. Such a strong seasonal variability at the surface may be caused by the seasonal variability of the net surface heat flux. The autocorrelation functions of salinity have weaker seasonal variability than those of the temperature field. The temporal and horizontal decorrelation scales obtained in this study are useful for designing an optimal observational network. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, Lab Ocean Dynam Proc & Satellite Oceanog, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 32 IS 12 BP 3596 EP 3615 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3596:JSTSAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 623LT UT WOS:000179705000018 ER PT J AU Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Miyakawa, N Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C AF Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Miyakawa, N Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C TI Aspects of the tunneling dip feature in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and its relation to the resonance spin excitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL DE superconductors ID QUASI-PARTICLE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; STATES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY; PEAK AB Break-junction tunneling data are reported in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta over a wide range of hole concentration from underdoped to overdoped. The strong conductance peaks in the superconducting state reveal a single gap consistent with d-wave symmetry. In addition, sharp dips are observed at a voltage, Omega/e, measured with respect to the gap edge. These features are shown to be reproduced in other junction types from the literature including atomically resolved STM and c-axis mesas, establishing their intrinsic character. Trends are observed with doping and temperature which link the dip to the resonance spin excitation and indicate that the quasiparticles are strongly coupled to this mode. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 162, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2247 EP 2251 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00246-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00246-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900021 ER PT J AU Davis, CH Mathias, LJ Gilman, JW Schiraldi, DA Shields, JR Trulove, P Sutto, TE Delong, HC AF Davis, CH Mathias, LJ Gilman, JW Schiraldi, DA Shields, JR Trulove, P Sutto, TE Delong, HC TI Effects of melt-processing conditions on the quality of poly(ethylene terephthalate) montmorillonite clay nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Physical-Society CY MAR, 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Phys Soc DE imidazolium; melt intercalation; nanocomposites; polyesters; clay; TEM ID LAYERED SILICATES AB Organically modified montmorillonite was synthesized with a novel 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-alkyl imidazolium salt or a typical quaternary ammonium salt as a control. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were compounded via melt-blending in a corotating mini twin-screw extruder operating at 285 degreesC. The nanocomposites were characterized with thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the extent of intercalation and/or exfoliation present in the system. Nanocomposites produced with N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dioctadecylammonium treated montmorillonite (DMDODA-MMT), which has a decomposition temperature of 250 degreesC, were black, brittle, and tarlike resulting from DMDODA degradation under the processing conditions. Nanocomposites compounded with 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-hexadecyl imidazolium treated MMT, which has a decomposition temperature of 350 degreesC, showed high levels of dispersion and delamination. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymer Sci & Engn, Hattiesburg, MS 39401 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Davis, CH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 2 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 23 BP 2661 EP 2666 DI 10.1002/polb.10331 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 613UF UT WOS:000179149300007 ER PT J AU Forsnes, EV AF Forsnes, EV TI Cavernous lymphangioma of the vulva - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vulvar neoplasms; lymphangioma, cavernous ID CIRCUMSCRIPTUM; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND: Lymphangioma is a rare cause of a vulvar mass. Two types of lympangioma involving the vulva have been described: lymphangioma circumscriptum and cavernous lymphangioma. Cavernous lymphangioma has been reported much less frequently than lymphangioma circumscriptum in association with the vulva. CASE: A cavernous lymphangioma was diagnosed in a 19-year-old nullipara who had a history of a gradually expanding vulvar mass. The mass was removed surgically, with no postoperative complications or recurrences to date. CONCLUSION: Cavernous lymphangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a vulvar mass and can be treated successfully with surgical excision. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Forsnes, EV (reprint author), Shenandoah Womens HealthCare, 119 Suite B,Valley Profess Commons, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 47 IS 12 BP 1041 EP 1043 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 631DW UT WOS:000180153300010 PM 12516326 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS AF Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS TI Influence of a finite T-c on enhanced superconductivity near the metal/insulator transition SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE scaling theory; BCS; superconductivity; metal/insulator transition; disordered metals ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION AB We adapted the BCS equation for T-c so that it applies to disordered conductors near the metal/insulator transition (MIT). The resulting expression for T-c as a function of the conductivity accounted quite well for several disparate classes of superconducting materials near the MIT [disordered metals, oxide conductors (including high-T-c superconductors), semiconducting materials, organic conductors, and C-60]. This function, however, was applicable only to situations for which T-c was zero in the pure limit-which was the case for the data chosen. This paper extends the model to the nonzero case and compares the predictions to the appropriate data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 507 EP 509 DI 10.1023/A:1021270418994 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 619UM UT WOS:000179495900002 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C Meredith, RW Chotiros, NP Clay, CS AF Feuillade, C Meredith, RW Chotiros, NP Clay, CS TI Time domain investigation of transceiver functions using a known reference target SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SPHERES; CALIBRATION; REFLECTION AB During August 1998, a bottom scattering tank experiment was performed at the Applied Research Laboratory, University of Texas to measure wideband acoustic reverberation from multiple objects (e.g., cobbles and pebbles) placed on a sediment simulation of the sea floor. In preparation for processing and analyzing the experimental data, time domain scattering measurements made with stainless steel and glass balls suspended in the water column were used to calibrate the sonar transceiver system by deconvolving the theoretical impulse response for steel and glass spheres, obtained via the Faran elastic sphere scattering model, from the scattered time signals. It is the analysis of these calibration measurements which forms the subject of this paper. Results show the critical importance of accurate input-output system calibrations for time domain sound scattering research, and successfully demonstrate a time domain method for accurately calibrating the complete sonar transceiver function, i.e., both the amplitude and time dependence, using a known reference target. The work has implications for boundary and volume scattering applications. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Lab, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Geophys & Polar Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2702 EP 2712 DI 10.1121/1.1512704 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 625PM UT WOS:000179824900018 PM 12508990 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA Casey, JP Streit, RL AF Wettergren, TA Casey, JP Streit, RL TI A numerical optimization approach to acoustic hull array design SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A numerical optimization approach is presented to optimize passive broadband detection performance of hull arrays through the adjustment of array shading weights. The approach is developed for general hull arrays in low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios, and is shown to converge rapidly to optimal solutions that maximize the array's deflection coefficient. The beamformer is not redesigned in this approach; only the shading weights of the conventional beamformer are adjusted. This approach allows array designers to use the array to minimize the impact of known sources of noise on detection at the beamformer output while maintaining acoustic array gain against an unknown source. The technique is illustrated through numerical examples using hull-borne structural noise as the noise source; however, the design concept can be applied to other design parameters of the array such as element position, material selection, etc. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Undesea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undesea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2735 EP 2741 DI 10.1121/1.1518982 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 625PM UT WOS:000179824900021 PM 12508993 ER PT J AU Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Wojcik, JA AF Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Wojcik, JA TI Infrared transparent germanate glass-ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glasses CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HAWAII ID BARIUM AB A new germanate glass-ceramic material in the BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 system is developed for infrared (IR) dome and window applications. This glass-ceramic material has a grain size of similar to0.2-0.5 mum and is transparent in the 3-5 mum IR region. Glass ceramization results in 40% improvement in hardness, 65% increase in elastic modulus, 116% increase in strength, and 134% increase in fracture toughness over the base glass. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3114 EP 3116 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 628VJ UT WOS:000180017000044 ER PT J AU Ridout, JA AF Ridout, JA TI Sensitivity of tropical Pacific convection to dry layers at mid- to upper levels: Simulation and parameterization tests SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; VERTICAL VELOCITY EVENTS; TOGA-COARE; CUMULUS CONVECTION; JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLOUD ENSEMBLE; CLIMATE MODELS; PREDICTION AB Numerical forecast experiments are carried out to investigate the implications of observed moisture variability in the tropical Pacific for deep convection. The study uses a series of quasi-cloud-resolving model forecasts with a triple-nested version of the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The forecasts are carried out for a dry tongue episode in the tropical western Pacific in November 1998. During a 24-h forecast, a number of convective cells develop in an area of deep convection near the edge of the simulated dry tongue in the COAMPS 3-km mesh inner grid, which is located in the southern portion of the domain of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) field program. The forecast is repeated multiple times using a moisture profile from a TOGA COARE dry tongue episode to modify the lateral boundary conditions for the 3-km mesh grid over layers of varying depth and altitude. The entrainment of drier air results in a 37% reduction in rainfall when the dry layer extends from the 600-hPa level to the model top. Tests show that entrainment of dry air at mid levels has a major impact in suppressing precipitation production due to cold rain processes. It should be noted that conditions where warm rain processes dominate are not addressed by the present experiments. Associated with the suppression of deep convection by dry layers in these forecasts, there is a large increase in stored buoyant energy. The presence of dry midtropospheric air may thus serve to help permit the buildup of buoyant energy for subsequent episodes of deep convection, such as associated with the onset of the Madden-Julian oscillation. In order to investigate the ability of convective parameterizations to represent the moisture sensitivity observed in the COAMPS experiments, data from the COAMPS 3-km mesh grid were used for tests of convective parameterizations in both semiprognostic model (SPM) and single-column model (SCM) mode. Both the Emanuel and the Kain-Fritsch convective parameterizations are unable to account in the SPM tests for the reduction in rainfall and cloud-base mass flux obtained on the COAMPS 3-km mesh grid when dry lateral boundary conditions are imposed above the 600-hPa level. The results are consistent with the interpretation that inadequacies in the convective closure assumptions play a signficant role. Comparisons of updraft mass flux profiles in the SPM tests point to considerable sensitivity to the details of the implementation of the stochastic buoyancy-sorting model in these schemes. In the SCM tests, the parameterized rainfall amounts are better than in semiprognostic mode, but apparently too low in one case by a substantial amount. In addition, large errors are observed in the simulated stored buoyant energy. The convective schemes are shown to perform best for greater horizontal resolutions of the forcing data. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ridout@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 23 BP 3362 EP 3381 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3362:SOTPCT>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613TJ UT WOS:000179147300007 ER PT J AU Waliser, DE Ridout, JA Xie, S Zhang, M AF Waliser, DE Ridout, JA Xie, S Zhang, M TI Variational objective analysis for atmospheric field programs: A model assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; TOGA-COARE; CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY; CLOUD; MOISTURE; BUDGETS; HEAT; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; MESOSCALE AB The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the variational objective analysis (VOA) for producing realistic diagnoses of atmospheric field program data. Simulations from the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) were sampled in a manner consistent with a typical field program using idealized sounding arrays and, surface and top of the atmosphere flux information. These data were then subject to a conventional form of analysis in which only a mass constraint was applied, hereafter referred to as the reference analysis, as well as to the complete VOA procedure. The diagnosed results from both analyses were then compared to time- and domain-averaged quantities from the model. The results showed that for diagnosed vertical velocity and vertical advective tendencies, the VOA values typically exhibited considerably smaller errors compared to the values from the reference analyses, with the level of improvement and overall accuracy being dependent on synoptic and sampling conditions. The improvements tend to be greatest during disturbed conditions, with the errors typically being smaller and comparable between the two analyses during undisturbed conditions. The errors for both analyses increase as the spatial domain decreases and for the most part decrease with more frequent temporal sampling. However, the improvement achieved by having more frequent sampling is rather modest for the VOA since it already incorporates time- mean surface and TOA fluxes as constraints and thus indirectly incorporates some aspects of the variability between soundings. Highly relevant is the finding that overall the errors in vertical velocity and vertical advective tendencies from the reference analyses have a magnitude similar to, or greater than, the variability of the field being diagnosed, whereas the errors in these quantities from the VOA are typically less than the variability of the field. The analysis also showed no obvious systematic level-by-level improvement gained by the VOA analysis over the reference analysis in diagnosing the horizontal moisture flux convergence, mass divergence, or horizontal advective tendencies, notwithstanding the VOA's application of column-integrated constraints of mass, moisture, heat, and momentum conservation. Additional soundings were found to be more beneficial to the reference analyses than the VOA analyses and in some cases allowed the error characteristics of the reference analysis to become similar to those of the VOA analysis. Noteworthy is the finding that the results from the VOA analyses using five soundings were often as good or better than the results from the reference analyses using nine soundings. The impact that hydrometeor measurements would have in providing additional constraints on the VOA was also investigated. The impact was found to be mostly negligible when averaging over relatively large space scales or timescales. On the other hand, for frequent sampling (e. g., 1-3 h) and small spatial scales (i.e., < similar to 100 km), there is a definite favorable impact on the VOA results for highly disturbed periods. The implications that the above results have on conducting atmospheric field programs and analyzing their results are discussed. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Waliser, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Endeavour Hall 205, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM duane.waliser@sunysb.edu RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 24 BP 3436 EP 3456 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3436:VOAFAF>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622CW UT WOS:000179629800002 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Larson, VE Cotton, WR AF Golaz, JC Larson, VE Cotton, WR TI A PDF-based model for boundary layer clouds. Part I: Method and model description SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; UNIFIED PARAMETERIZATION; MOIST CONVECTION; TURBULENCE APPROXIMATION; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; INHOMOGENEOUS FLOWS; ENSEMBLE; CLOSURE; SCHEME AB A new cloudy boundary layer single-column model is presented. It is designed to be flexible enough to represent a variety of cloudiness regimes-such as cumulus, stratocumulus, and clear regimes-without the need for case-specific adjustments. The methodology behind the model is the so-called assumed probability density function (PDF) method. The parameterization differs from higher-order closure or mass-flux schemes in that it achieves closure by the use of a relatively sophisticated joint PDF of vertical velocity, temperature, and moisture. A family of PDFs is chosen that is flexible enough to represent various cloudiness regimes. A double Gaussian family proposed by previous works is used. Predictive equations for grid box means and a number of higher-order turbulent moments are advanced in time. These moments are in turn used to select a particular member from the family of PDFs, for each time step and grid box. Once a PDF member has been selected, the scheme integrates over the PDF to close higher-order moments, buoyancy terms, and diagnose cloud fraction and liquid water. Since all the diagnosed moments for a given grid box and time step are derived from the same unique joint PDF, they are guaranteed to be consistent with one another. A companion paper presents simulations produced by the single-column model. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM golaz@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 51 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 24 BP 3540 EP 3551 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3540:APBMFB>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622CW UT WOS:000179629800006 ER PT J AU Golaz, JC Larson, VE Cotton, WR AF Golaz, JC Larson, VE Cotton, WR TI A PDF-based model for boundary layer clouds. Part II: Model results SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; UNIFIED PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL-MODELS; MOIST CONVECTION; BUDGETS; CODES; MASS; PBL AB A new single-column model for the cloudy boundary layer, described in a companion paper, is tested for a variety of regimes. To represent the subgrid-scale variability, the model uses a joint probability density function (PDF) of vertical velocity, temperature, and moisture content. Results from four different cases are presented and contrasted with large eddy simulations (LES). The cases include a clear convective layer based on the Wangara experiment, a trade wind cumulus layer from the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX), a case of cumulus clouds over land, and a nocturnal marine stratocumulus boundary layer. Results from the Wangara experiment show that the model is capable of realistically predicting the diurnal growth of a dry convective layer. Compared to the LES, the layer produced is slightly less well mixed and entrainment is somewhat slower. The cloud cover in the cloudy cases varied widely, ranging from a few percent cloud cover to nearly overcast. In each of the cloudy cases, the parameterization predicted cloud fractions that agree reasonably well with the LES. Typically, cloud fraction values tended to be somewhat smaller in the parameterization, and cloud bases and tops were slightly underestimated. Liquid water content was generally within 40% of the LES-predicted values for a range of values spanning almost two orders of magnitude. This was accomplished without the use of any case-specific adjustments. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Atmospher Sci Grp, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Golaz, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 24 BP 3552 EP 3571 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3552:APBMFB>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622CW UT WOS:000179629800007 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Dallek, S Smith, PH Baker, WM AF Mansour, AN Dallek, S Smith, PH Baker, WM TI Thermogravimetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of heated V2O5 center dot nH(2)O aerogels and ambigels SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID V2O5 XEROGEL; VANADIUM-OXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; K-EDGE; BATTERIES; SPECTRA; ENERGY; HOSTS; XAS AB We have used thermogravimetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine the water content, oxidation state, and local structure of V for V2O5.nH(2)O aerogels and ambigels in the pristine state and after heating under vacuum (100 muTorr) at 114 and 220degreesC for 25 h. On the basis of thermogravimetric analysis, the composition of the aerogels and ambigels consists of about 2 and 1 mol of H2O per mole of V2O5 in the pristine state and after heating at 114degreesC, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the absence of loosely bound H2O in the network of the aerogels and ambigels heated at 220degreesC. Analyses of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra reveal that the oxidation state of V for aerogels and ambigels in the pristine state (V2O5.2.0H(2)O) as well as those heated at 114degreesC (V2O5.1.0H(2)O) is similar to that of V in V2O5; that is to say +5 (pentavalent V). Heat-treating the aerogels and ambigels at 114degreesC does not lead to a measurable change in the oxidation state of V. The local structure of V under these conditions is similar to that of V in orthorhombic V2O5 except for a higher degree of local symmetry within the structure of the VO5 square pyramid. Analyses of XANES and EXAFS spectra of aerogels and ambigels heated at 220degreesC, on the other hand, reveal the presence of both tetravalent and pentavalent V. The fractions of tetravalent V are estimated to be 0.29 +/- 0.08 and 0.26 +/- 0.08 for the aerogels and ambigels, respectively. The mixed valency can be in the form of a single phase with a solid solution of tetravalent and pentavalent V sites or a two-phase system with one phase containing tetravalent V and the other phase containing pentavalent V. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM mansourAN@nswccd.navy.mil NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 149 IS 12 BP A1589 EP A1597 DI 10.1149/1.1517284 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 616DP UT WOS:000179286700014 ER PT J AU Mui, SC Trapa, PE Huang, B Soo, PP Lozow, MI Wang, TC Cohen, RE Mansour, AN Mukerjee, S Mayes, AM Sadoway, DR AF Mui, SC Trapa, PE Huang, B Soo, PP Lozow, MI Wang, TC Cohen, RE Mansour, AN Mukerjee, S Mayes, AM Sadoway, DR TI Block copolymer-templated nanocomposite electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; HIGH-CAPACITY; ION-BATTERIES; ENERGY-STORAGE; ANODE MATERIAL; ALLOY; NANOCLUSTERS; ELECTROLYTES; MEMBRANES AB A self-organizing, nanocomposite electrode (SONE) system was developed as a model lithium alloy-based anode for rechargeable lithium batteries. In situ X-ray adsorption spectroscopy, galvanostatic testing, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the electrode, which was fabricated from a polyethylene oxide-based block copolymer, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and gold salt. Processing involved a single mixing step without need of a reducing agent. It was found that thermodynamic self-assembly of the block copolymer could provide a template for incorporation of both the gold salt and nanotubes. Electrochemical testing and subsequent analysis showed that owing to the small particle size and the surrounding block copolymer matrix, the SONE system could cycle over 600 cycles with rates varying between C/1.8 and 8.8C with little evidence of decrepitation or coarsening. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mui, SC (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 66 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 149 IS 12 BP A1610 EP A1615 DI 10.1149/1.1518482 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 616DP UT WOS:000179286700017 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Chang, SW AF Peng, MS Chang, SW TI Numerical forecasting experiments on Typhoon Herb (1996) SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; TAIWAN OROGRAPHY; MOUNTAIN-RANGE; MESOSCALE; ISLAND; MODEL AB A numerical prediction experiment is conducted on Super Typhoon Herb, 1996, that made landfall in northern Taiwan and caused severe wind and flood damage. A version of the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Coupled Ocean/Atmospheric Prediction System (COAMPS) with a triple-nested grid, (81, 27, and 9-km horizontal resolutions) and 30 levels in the vertical is used in this experiment. Starting from archived global analysis fields, COAMPS generates equally good track predictions on all three grids. The average location errors of three grids were 58 km at 24 h, and 77 kin at 48 h. The prediction of wind fields, especially at the critical time just prior to Herb's landfall on both the medium mesh and the fine mesh agrees very well with subjective analyses by local experts. Quantitative precipitation prediction on the fine mesh is very good both in amount and distribution. Precipitation predictions on the medium and coarse meshes, however, are less skillful. The result from a supplementary numerical experiment with the same three-grid configuration of 9-27-81 km resolution, but with the medium resolution terrain (pertinent for 27 km) on the 9-km grid suggests that high-resolution dynamics, and the terrain afforded on the 9-km mesh, are both important ingredients for quantitative precipitation prediction. Therefore, for accurate quantitative precipitation prediction, it is important to place the high-resolution mesh over the complex terrain, so that the terrain effect on the structure of the storm can be represented on the finest possible resolution. This study demonstrates that a well-behaved, general-purpose, mesoscale numerical model can be a useful tool for tropical cyclone prediction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM peng@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1338 DI 10.2151/jmsj.80.1325 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645NE UT WOS:000180983800002 ER PT J AU Blood, CG Puyana, JC Pitlyk, PJ Hoyt, DB Bjerke, HS Fridman, J Walker, GJ Zouris, JM Zhang, J AF Blood, CG Puyana, JC Pitlyk, PJ Hoyt, DB Bjerke, HS Fridman, J Walker, GJ Zouris, JM Zhang, J TI An assessment of the potential for reducing future combat deaths through medical technologies and training SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE combat traumas; died of wounds; killed in action; wounded in action; preventable deaths ID PREVENTABLE DEATHS; TRAUMA DEATHS AB Background. We examined clinical records of combat casualties that died subsequent to reaching a medical treatment facility in an effort to determine whether new medical technologies or enhanced training might contribute to a reduction in combat deaths. Methods. Hospital records of 210 fatal combat casualties were independently reviewed by four surgeons. The surgeons assessed each fatality to determine whether it would be preventable if the trauma were sustained today and treated with currently available technology and training. Results. In 8% of the cases, the four surgeons independently agreed that the deaths would be possibly preventable if the same traumas were incurred today. In an additional 17% of the cases, three of the four surgeons judged the deaths to be possibly preventable today. Causes of death viewed as most likely to be salvageable today included hemorrhage, severe burns, pulmonary edema, and sepsis. The medical technologies most often mentioned to have a potentially lifesaving effect were ventilators/respirators, computed tomographic scanners, ultrasound, and antibiotics. Areas of training most often mentioned to have a potential impact on the salvageability of the trauma cases reviewed were damage control, ventilator management, liver packing, respiratory distress management, and burn management. Conclusion: Surgeons reviewing records of past combat deaths indicated that reductions in the incidence of combat deaths through deployment of improved medical technologies and training is possible. Deployment of the noted technologies and proficiency in the cited training has the potential for reducing deaths by 8% to 25% when compared with the died-in-hospital incidence among casualties in the last sustained conflict. C1 USN, Hlt Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Trauma, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Surg Intens Care Unit, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Methodist Hosp, Trauma Serv, Indianapolis, IN USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), USN, Hlt Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1160 EP 1165 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000028856.22514.C1 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 625NT UT WOS:000179823100027 PM 12478044 ER PT J AU Sears, CLG Ward, JF Puckett, STSMF Kane, CJ Amling, CL AF Sears, CLG Ward, JF Puckett, STSMF Kane, CJ Amling, CL TI Prospective comparison of computerized tomography and excretory urography in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic microhematuria SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hematuria; tomography; neoplasms; urography ID AMERICAN-UROLOGICAL-ASSOCIATION; TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA; UNENHANCED HELICAL CT; MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA; PRACTICE POLICY; ADULTS AB Purpose: The ideal imaging study for evaluation of the upper urinary tract in patients with microhematuria has been debated. We prospectively compared the diagnostic yield of computerized tomography (CT) to excretory urography (IVP) in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic microhematuria. Materials and Methods: Between December 1998 and June 2001, 115 patients presenting with asymptomatic microhematuria underwent CT and IVP before cystoscopy. Helical CT images with 5 mm. adrenal and kidney slices with and without contrast material were followed by delayed 5 mm. ureteral contrast images through the bladder base. Each CT and IVP was examined by a radiologist who was blinded to the result of the other imaging study. Diagnostic yields of the imaging techniques were compared using the test of 2 proportions and chi-square analysis. Results: Radiographic abnormalities were noted on CT or IVP in 38 patients. Sensitivity was 100% for CT and 60.5% for IVP, and specificity 97.4% for CT and 90.9% for IVP. CT accuracy was 98.3% compared to IVP accuracy which was 80.9% (p <0.001). A total of 40 nonurological diagnoses were made by CT, including 3 abdominal aortic aneurysms and 1 iliac artery aneurysm. No additional diagnoses were made by IVP. Fewer additional radiographic studies were recommended after CT than after IVP. Conclusions: The use of CT in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic microhematuria results in better diagnostic yield. In addition, more nonurological diagnoses can be made and less additional radiography is needed to confirm a diagnosis. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Naval Hosp Okinawa, Dept Urol, Okinawa, Japan. RP Sears, CLG (reprint author), USN, Hosp Bremerton, Dept Urol, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 168 IS 6 BP 2457 EP 2460 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000036541.52816.98 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 618CE UT WOS:000179399900028 ER PT J AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A TI Energy-efficient broadcast and multicast trees in wireless networks SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE wireless broadcast; wireless multicast; energy efficient; ad hoc network; network algorithm AB The wireless networking environment presents formidable challenges to the study of broadcasting and multicasting problems. In this paper we focus on the problem of multicast tree construction, and we introduce and evaluate algorithms for tree construction in infrastructureless, all-wireless applications. The performance metric used to evaluate broadcast and multicast trees is energy-efficiency. We develop the Broadcast Incremental Power (BIP) algorithm, and adapt it to multicast operation by introducing the Multicast Incremental Power (MIP) algorithm. These algorithms exploit the broadcast nature of the wireless communication environment, and address the need for energy-efficient operation. We demonstrate that our algorithms provide better performance than algorithms that have been developed for the link-based, wired environment. C1 USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 192 Z9 201 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 7 IS 6 BP 481 EP 492 DI 10.1023/A:1020716919751 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 606YN UT WOS:000178763800006 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD AF Doyle, JD TI Coupled atmosphere-ocean wave simulations under high wind conditions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM COAMPS; MESOSCALE MODEL; SEA-SURFACE; AIR-FLOW; IMPACT; DRAG; COEFFICIENTS; SENSITIVITY; STRESS AB The impact of ocean surface waves on the structure and intensity of three tropical cyclones and a topographically forced bora event is investigated using a coupled atmosphere-ocean wave modeling system. The coupled system is capable of representing surface momentum fluxes that are enhanced due to young ocean waves in fetch-limited conditions, which yield surface roughness lengths that significantly depart from the conventional Charnock-type formulation. In general, the impact of ocean-wave-induced stress on the tropical cyclone central pressure was quite variable with ocean wave feedback resulting in changes ranging from 8 hPa deeper to 3 hPa shallower. The increased low-level stress due to the ocean waves reduced the near-surface winds by 2-3 m s(-1), with local differences in excess of 10 m s(-1), which directly led to a 10% reduction in the significant wave height maxima. The reduced significant wave heights in the coupled model were in closer agreement with observations for Tropical Cyclone Bonnie than for the uncoupled model. The tropical cyclone tracks were generally insensitive to ocean wave feedback effects. The boundary layer structure was found to be generally insensitive to large roughness enhancements associated with coupled ocean wave feedbacks for topographically forced high wind phenomena, such as the bora. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 34 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 12 BP 3087 EP 3099 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<3087:CAOWSU>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 615WD UT WOS:000179269500018 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Auciello, O Butler, JE Cai, W Carlisle, JA Gerbi, J Gruen, DM Knickerbocker, T Lasseter, TL Russell, JN Smith, LM Hamers, RJ AF Yang, WS Auciello, O Butler, JE Cai, W Carlisle, JA Gerbi, J Gruen, DM Knickerbocker, T Lasseter, TL Russell, JN Smith, LM Hamers, RJ TI DNA-modified nanocrystalline diamond thin-films as stable, biologically active substrates SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TERMINATED SILICON; SURFACES; CVD; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; ELECTRODES; ATTACHMENT; MONOLAYERS AB Diamond, because of its electrical and chemical properties may be a suitable material for integrated sensing and signal processing. But methods to control chemical or biological modifications on diamond surfaces have not been established. Here, we show that nanocrystalline diamond thin-films covalently modified with DNA oligonucleotides provide an extremely stable, highly selective platform in subsequent surface hybridization processes. We used a photochemical modification scheme to chemically modify clean, H-terminated nanocrystalline diamond surfaces grown on silicon substrates, producing a homogeneous layer of amine groups that serve as sites for DNA attachment. After linking DNA to the amine groups, hybridization reactions with fluorescently tagged complementary and non-complementary oligonucleotides showed no detectable non-specific adsorption, with extremely good selectivity between matched and mismatched sequences. Comparison of DNA-modified ultra-nanocrystalline diamond films with other commonly used surfaces for biological modification, such as gold, silicon, glass and glassy carbon, showed that diamond is unique in its ability to achieve very high stability and sensitivity while also being compatible with microelectronics processing technologies. These results suggest that diamond thin-films may be a nearly ideal substrate for integration of microelectronics with biological modification and sensing. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625; Clare, Tami/0000-0003-2154-6275 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB00269] NR 30 TC 629 Z9 636 U1 8 U2 132 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1038/nmat779 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LR UT WOS:000181498800024 PM 12618788 ER PT J AU Barkdoll, TC Gaver, DP Glazebrook, KD Jacobs, PA Posadas, S AF Barkdoll, TC Gaver, DP Glazebrook, KD Jacobs, PA Posadas, S TI Suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) as an information duel SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article AB Blue strike aircraft enter region R to attack Red targets. In Case 1, Blue conducts (preplanned) SEAD to establish air superiority. In the (reactive) SEAD scenario, which is Case 2, such superiority is already in place, but is jeopardized by prohibitive interference from Red, which threatens Blue's ability to conduct missions. We utilize both deterministic and stochastic models to explore optimal tactics for Red in such engagements. Policies are developed which will guide both Red's determination of the modes of operation of his engagement radar, and his choice of Blue opponent to target next. An index in the form of a simple transaction kill ratio plays a major role throughout. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Business Studies, Edinburgh EH8 9JY, Midlothian, Scotland. USA, TRADOC Anal Ctr, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 8 BP 723 EP 742 DI 10.1002/nav.10046 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 620EV UT WOS:000179521800001 ER PT J AU Yu, ZY Ono, S Spatz, M McCarron, RM AF Yu, ZY Ono, S Spatz, M McCarron, RM TI Effect of hemorrhagic shock on apoptosis and energy-dependent efflux system in the brain SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE programmed cell death; P-glycoprotein; bcl-2 gene; mdr1 gene; in situ hybridization; hemorrhagic shock ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE GENE; P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; RAT-BRAIN; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GLOBAL-ISCHEMIA; TRANSGENIC MICE; TRANSPORT PROTEINS; BCL-2; INJURY AB Recent findings suggest that apoptosis, which contributes to neuronal damage after ischemic injury, may play a role in sequelae associated with severe blood loss. This study examined the effect of hemorrhage and resuscitation on the expression (in situ hybridization and computerized image analysis) of bcl-2 mRNA, which codes for a protein that inhibits apoptosis, and mdr1 mRNA, which codes for a glycoprotein marker for drug efflux from the brain. Anaesthetized rats were subjected to volume-controlled (15 mL/kg) hemorrhage followed by resuscitation with shed blood (BR) or nonresuscitated (NR); control animals had femoral artery cannulation only (SHAM). Following 24 hr blood loss, distinctly lower levels of bcl-2 gene expression were observed in dentate gyrus of NR rats (0.25 +/- 0.04) as compared to SHAM rats (0.52 +/- 0.07); suscitation with shed blood prevented this reduction (0.58 +/- 0.05). Similar results were observed in cortex, striatum, and hypothalamus. Also, mdr1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in all brain areas of the NR group as compared to the BR and SHAM groups. The findings suggest that blood resuscitation suppressed apoptosis and protected against loss of energy-dependent efflux system in the brain in response to hemorrhage. C1 USN, Resusciat Med Dept, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP McCarron, RM (reprint author), USN, Resusciat Med Dept, Combat Casualty Care Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM McCarronR@nnmc.navy.mil NR 51 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1625 EP 1632 DI 10.1023/A:1021630926302 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 626GE UT WOS:000179862800010 PM 12515315 ER PT J AU Chavko, M Nadi, NS Keyser, DO AF Chavko, M Nadi, NS Keyser, DO TI Activation of BDNF mRNA and protein after seizures in hyperbaric oxygen: Implications for sensitization to seizures in re-exposures SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rats; oxygen toxicity; brain derived neurotrophic factor ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; MESSENGER-RNA; NITRIC-OXIDE; BRAIN; EPILEPTOGENESIS; HYPEREXCITABILITY; EXPRESSION; TOXICITY; ISCHEMIA AB Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to convulsive doses of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) increases sensitivity to seizures in re-exposures. Because brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is induced after a variety of seizures and increases cell excitability, it may contribute to the mechanism of sensitization. In this study, a fast induction in BDNF mRNA 2 hr after seizures and a temporary increase in BDNF protein 1 day after seizures induced by 100% O-2 at 5 atm (gauge pressure) were demonstrated in the rat cortex. To determine whether an elevation in BDNF protein level can modify sensitivity to the toxic effect of HBO, recombinant BDNF (12 mg) was injected into cerebral ventricles 30 min prior to exposure. Administration of exogenous BDNF significantly shortened latent time to seizures in HBO exposures. We propose that upregulation of BDNF expression in the brain after seizures may contribute to sensitization to HBO toxicity. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1649 EP 1653 DI 10.1023/A:1021687011281 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 626GE UT WOS:000179862800013 PM 12515318 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Stalick, WM AF Wynne, JH Stalick, WM TI Facile preparation of trans-2,3-bis(-tert-butylaminomethyl) norbornene SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stalick, WM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 USA SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 34 IS 6 BP 655 EP 657 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 627ZU UT WOS:000179967700007 ER PT J AU Zinder, DJ AF Zinder, DJ TI Structured documentation SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Structured documentation is a concept-oriented method of capturing clinical information that can be shared readily through automated systems. Standards are evolving for controlled vocabularies that are applicable to various aspects of clinical medicine. Understanding the basic principles of structured documentation and defining the use of the structured data within a practice allows an organization to select a tool that most closely fits its needs. C1 USN, Med Corps, Arlington, VA 22205 USA. RP Zinder, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Corps, 22nd St N, Arlington, VA 22205 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1211 EP + AR PII S0030-6665(02)00086-5 DI 10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00086-5 PG 12 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 646UG UT WOS:000181053000008 PM 12687738 ER PT J AU Holtel, MR Burgess, LPA AF Holtel, MR Burgess, LPA TI Telemedicine in otolaryngology SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TELECONSULTATION AB After a series of demonstration projects, otolaryngology has begun to demonstrate clinical efficacy for telemedicine and is showing sustainability. Filling a need is the single most important factor in determining success, and those areas with the most need (eg, areas of geographic or social isolation) have been most successful. Recent legislation has improved reimbursement, while other legislation has added increased security requirements for the transmission of patient information. Equipment and transmission costs have dropped dramatically, but cost effectiveness has generally been demonstrated only when patient transportation or time away from work is calculated. Telemedicine programs that have adopted the principles of successful business models have had the greatest success. C1 USN, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Holtel, MR (reprint author), USN, Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1263 EP + AR PII S0030-6665(02)00095-6 DI 10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00095-6 PG 21 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 646UG UT WOS:000181053000012 PM 12687742 ER PT J AU Keefe, MA Bloom, DC Keefe, KS Killian, PJ AF Keefe, MA Bloom, DC Keefe, KS Killian, PJ TI Orbital paraffinoma as a complication of endoscopic sinus surgery SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Keefe, MA (reprint author), 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 127 IS 6 BP 575 EP 577 DI 10.1067/mhn.23/4/129897 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 630BY UT WOS:000180088700014 PM 12501111 ER PT J AU Goins, RA Ascher, D Waecker, N Arnold, J Moorefield, E AF Goins, RA Ascher, D Waecker, N Arnold, J Moorefield, E TI Comparison of fluconazole and nystatin oral suspensions for treatment of oral candidiasis in infants SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infant; thrush; fluconazole ID OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS; MULTICENTER; CANDIDOSIS AB Oral thrush is a common condition in young infants. Nystatin treatment is associated with frequent recurrences and difficulty in administration. Fluconazole was compared with nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis in infants. Thirty-four infants were randomized to either nystatin oral suspension four times a day for 10 days or fluconazole suspension 3 mg/kg in a single daily dose for 7 days. Clinical cures for nystatin were 6 of 19 (32%), and those for fluconazole were 15 of 15 (100%), P < 0.0001. In this small pilot study fluconazole was shown to be superior to nystatin suspension for the treatment of oral thrush in otherwise healthy infants. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Goins, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1165 EP 1167 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000041820.25265.aa PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 627LG UT WOS:000179934200015 PM 12506950 ER PT J AU Pool, V Braun, MM Kelso, JM Mootrey, G Chen, RT Yunginger, JW Jacobson, RM Gargiullo, PM AF Pool, V Braun, MM Kelso, JM Mootrey, G Chen, RT Yunginger, JW Jacobson, RM Gargiullo, PM CA VAERS Team TI Prevalence of anti-gelatin IgE antibodies in people with anaphylaxis after measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anaphylaxis; gelatin; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; VAERS; vaccine adverse reactions ID IMMEDIATE-TYPE REACTIONS; REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; ADVERSE EVENTS; VARICELLA VACCINE; NEOMYCIN ALLERGY; EGG ALLERGY; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; DIPHTHERIA; JAPAN AB Objective. Anaphylaxis after immunization, although rare, is serious and potentially life-threatening. Understanding risk factors for this reaction is therefore important. Gelatin is added to many vaccines as a heat stabilizer. Japanese researchers have demonstrated a strong association between immediate hypersensitivity reactions to measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and Japanese encephalitis immunizations and subsequent detection of anti-gelatin immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. They suggested that previous receipt by these patients of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines with trace amounts of gelatin was responsible for the sensitization. We aimed to assess whether a similar association exists for vaccinees in the United States who reported anaphylaxis after receipt of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles vaccines and to review recent trends in reporting of hypersensitivity reactions. Methods. We conducted a retrospective case-control study. Cases of anaphylaxis that met a predefined case definition were identified from the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Mayo Clinic patients who received MMR vaccine uneventfully served as controls. The study subjects were interviewed to obtain the history of allergies. Sera from study subjects and their matched controls were tested for IgE antibodies to gelatin, whole egg, and vaccine viral antigens using solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Data from the Biologics Surveillance System on annual numbers of doses of MMR and varicella vaccines distributed in the United States were used to evaluate possible changes in reporting of selected allergic adverse events. Results. Fifty-seven study subjects were recruited into the study and interviewed. Of these, 22 provided serum samples for IgE testing. Twenty-seven subjects served as a comparison group and provided a sample for IgE testing; 21 of these completed an allergy history questionnaire. Self-reported history of food allergies was present more frequently in the interviewed study subjects than in the controls, whereas the proportions of people with other characteristics were similar in both groups. None of the interviewed people had a history of food allergy to gelatin. The level of anti-gelatin IgE antibodies was significantly higher among study subjects than among controls, whereas the levels of IgE antibodies against egg and all 3 viral antigens did not differ significantly. Of 22 study subjects, 6 (27%) tested positive for anti-gelatin IgE, whereas none of the 27 controls did. The rate of anaphylactic reactions reported to VAERS after measles virus-containing immunization in the United States between 1991 and 1997 is 1.8 per 1 million doses distributed. No substantial increase in the number of reported allergic events after frequently used gelatin containing MMR and varicella vaccines could be observed during the first 4 years (1997-2000) since the introduction of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines for use in infancy. Conclusion. Anaphylactic reactions to MMR in the United States are rare. The reporting rate has the same order of magnitude as estimates from other countries. Almost one fourth of patients with reported anaphylaxis after MMR seem to have hypersensitivity to gelatin in the vaccine. They may be at higher risk of developing anaphylaxis to subsequent doses of other gelatin-containing vaccines. These people should seek an allergy evaluation before such immunization. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USN, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Allerg Dis Res Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Vaccine Res Grp, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pool, V (reprint author), CDCP, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail Stop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 AR e71 DI 10.1542/peds.110.6.e71 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 620TU UT WOS:000179549200006 PM 12456938 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Ravel, B Harris, VG Morrison, SA AF Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Ravel, B Harris, VG Morrison, SA TI Multiedge refinement of extended x-ray-absorption fine structure of manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CURIE-TEMPERATURE; NANOSCALE MNFE2O4 PARTICLES; NIZN-FERRITE; POWDERS; FILMS AB The structure of nanoparticle manganese zinc ferrites synthesized by a reverse micellar method is determined by analysis of the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure in combination with other techniques. Both empirical and theoretical standards are employed; manganese, zinc, and iron edges are refined simultaneously. It is determined that samples synthesized under similar conditions sometimes exhibit a markedly different distribution of cations between the available sites in the spinel structure; this in turn causes significant differences in the magnetic properties of the samples. In addition, it is found that the mean-square displacements for manganese-oxygen bonds are consistently higher than for zinc-oxygen bonds, perhaps due to the presence of manganese ions of more than one valence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 33 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224405 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000042 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Proximity effects and characteristic lengths in ferromagnet-superconductor structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATES; TRANSITION; JUNCTIONS; DENSITY; SUPERLATTICES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS AB We present an extensive theoretical investigation of the proximity effects that occur in clean ferromagnet/superconductor (F/S) systems. We use a numerical method to solve self-consistently the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations in the continuum. We obtain the pair amplitude and the local density of states, and use these results to extract the relevant lengths characterizing the leakage of superconductivity into the magnet and to study spin splitting into the superconductor. These phenomena are investigated as a function of parameters such as temperature, magnet polarization, interfacial scattering, sample size, and Fermi wave vector mismatch, all of which turn out to have important influence on the results. These results should help characterize and analyze future data and are shown to be in agreement with existing experiments. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 47 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224516 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000081 ER PT J AU Ossowski, MM Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Stokes, HT AF Ossowski, MM Boyer, LL Mehl, MJ Stokes, HT TI Lattice dynamics and elastic properties of corundum by the self-consistent atomic deformation method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHOD; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ELECTRIC POLARIZATION; ALUMINA POLYMORPHS; CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-AL2O3; MODEL; TRANSITION; MOLECULES AB We apply a recently developed density-functional method based on localized densities to study electronic, structural, elastic, optical, and vibrational properties of alpha-Al2O3. Although our approach is generally less accurate than conventional band-structure methods, calculation of polarization, and related properties is greatly simplified and our results are in reasonably good agreement with experiment and other theoretical calculations. We also assign the symmetry of zone center and other high-symmetry phonon modes and calculate the variation of the zone-center mode frequencies as a function of wave vector direction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224302 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000035 ER PT J AU Zybin, SV Elert, ML White, CT AF Zybin, SV Elert, ML White, CT TI Orientation dependence of shock-induced chemistry in diamond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MEGABAR STRESSES; WAVES; TRANSFORMATION; INSTABILITIES; HYDROCARBONS; SENSITIVITY; COMPRESSION; ELASTICITY; CRYSTAL AB Molecular dynamics simulations employing a reactive empirical bond order potential are used to study the orientational dependence of shock-induced chemistry in diamond. Even for strong shock waves, the mechanism of bond breaking and shock-induced transition to amorphous carbon is found to depend crucially on the direction of shock wave propagation. For [110] oriented shock waves, high rate shear deformation causes the formation of layered carbon structures while [111] shock waves favor the formation of diamond micrograins separated by amorphous carbon inclusions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Zybin, SV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carter.white@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 220102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000002 ER PT J AU Metzler, N Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH AF Metzler, N Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH TI Laser imprint reduction with a short shaping laser pulse incident upon a foam-plastic target SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; Z-PINCH LOADS; PERTURBATION GROWTH; RADIATION; ABLATION; BUFFER; DESIGN; PLASMA AB In the previous work [Metzler , Phys. Plasmas 6, 3283 (1999)] it was shown that a tailored density profile could be very effective in smoothing out the laser beam nonuniformities imprinted into a laser-accelerated target. However, a target with a smoothly graded density is difficult to manufacture. A method of dynamically producing a graded density profile with a short "shaping" laser pulse irradiating a foam layer on top of the payload prior to the drive pulse is proposed. It is demonstrated that the intensity and the duration of the shaping pulse, the time interval between the shaping pulse and the drive pulse, and the density ratio between the foam and the payload can be selected so that the laser imprint of the drive pulse is considerably suppressed without increasing the entropy of the payload. The use of the foam-plastic target and a shaping pulse reduces the imprinted mass perturbation amplitude by more than an order of magnitude compared to a solid plastic target. The requirements to the smoothing of the drive and "shaping" laser beams and to the surface finish of the foam-plastic sandwich target are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5050 EP 5058 DI 10.1063/1.1517610 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700025 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, DR TI The reality of fantasy SO POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERITAGE FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 214 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002 USA SN 0146-5945 J9 POLICY REV JI Policy Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 IS 116 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 622TB UT WOS:000179662200011 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Baranauskas, V Riffle, JS Sorathia, U AF Lin-Gibson, S Baranauskas, V Riffle, JS Sorathia, U TI Cresol novolac-epoxy networks: properties and processability SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE cresol novolac; novolac; flame retardant AB Linear controlled molecular weight ortho-cresol novolac oligomers were crosslinked with epoxies to form tough, flame retardant networks with enhanced processability and reduced moisture uptake. At the networks' optimum stoichiometry, the fracture toughness, assessed by the critical stress intensity factor (K-IC), was slightly higher for the cresol novolac-epoxy networks (similar to 1.1 MPa m(1/2)) than for similar phenolic novolac-epoxy networks (similar to 0.85 MPa M-1/2). Cresol novolac-epoxy networks exhibited improved processability under melt conditions relative to phenolic novolac-epoxy materials, and this was attributed to the presence of a methyl group adjacent to the hydroxyl group on cresol repeat units, which reduced the rate of reaction between phenol and epoxy. The use of cresol novolac oligomers also reduced the network equilibrium water absorption, and this was likely due to the presence of the additional methyl on each repeat unit. The equilibrium water absorption for all cresol novolac containing compositions was between 1.7 and 2.1 wt%, comparable to epoxy networks. Cone calorimetry showed that the flame retardance of cresol novolac-epoxy networks was lower than that for the phenolic novolac-epoxy materials, but was far superior to the control epoxy networks. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 IS 26 BP 7389 EP 7398 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00538-4 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00538-4 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 622RZ UT WOS:000179661900018 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Zelickson, BD AF Ross, EV Zelickson, BD TI Biophysics of nonablative dermal remodeling SO SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INTENSE PULSED-LIGHT; ER-GLASS LASER; SKIN IN-VIVO; ND-YAG LASER; PHOTOAGED SKIN; AGED PERSONS; DYE-LASER; COLLAGEN; EXPOSURE; WRINKLES AB This article explores the physics of nonablative skin remodeling as well as the histologic sequelae. Although there have been several studies of nonoblative skin remodeling, the exact mechanisms of action and thus the optimum device-specific parameters are not yet known. The article is divided into a discussion of the physics of loser-tissue interactions, followed by a review of the types of devices used for nonablative skin remodeling, and the histologic findings that follow treatment. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Abbott NW Hosp, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, COs Mail Rm,Box 190, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1085-5629 J9 SEMIN CUTAN MED SURG JI Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1053/sder.2002.36767 PG 15 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 629FT UT WOS:000180040300003 PM 12512648 ER PT J AU Chen, TB Luo, ZY Cressler, JD Isaacs-Smith, TF Williams, JR Chung, GL Clark, SD AF Chen, TB Luo, ZY Cressler, JD Isaacs-Smith, TF Williams, JR Chung, GL Clark, SD TI The effects of NO passivation on the radiation response of SiO2/4H-SiC MOS capacitors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; MOS; radiation; passivation ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; INTERFACE AB The radiation response of SiO2 gate oxides grown on 4H-SiC to NO passivation is presented for the first time. The effects of gamma radiation on Q(eff) are similar for n-4H-SiC MOS capacitors both with and without NO passivation, but are different in sign (negative) compared to SiO2 on Si. The variation in D-it with total dose, however, is different for the passivated versus the unpassivated samples. Comparisons between Si Sol and 4H-SiC suggest that properly passivated SiC MOSFETs should have good radiation tolerance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Alabama Microelect Sci & Technol Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sterling Semicond, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Cressler, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 420 Broun Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2231 EP 2235 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00236-8 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00236-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 620DA UT WOS:000179517100031 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, JT Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC TI Electrical conductivity in glass-forming solid electrolytes: theory and experiment SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE electrical conductivity; polymers; high pressure; theory; experiment ID HIGH-PRESSURE; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; RELAXATION; NMR; TRANSITION; POLYMERS; LAW; DSC AB A theory of the ionic conductivity in polymer electrolytes based on defect diffusion is evaluated using previously published data. Those data include the pressure and temperature variation of the electrical conductivity for poly(dimethylsiloxane-ethylene-oxide) complexed with NaCF3COO. In the defect diffusion model, ion transport is controlled by defects and ion motion occurs when the ion is encountered by a single defect. As temperature is lowered or pressure increases, the number of single defects decreases, thus decreasing the ionic conductivity. Further, there exists a pressure-dependent critical temperature, T-c, below which single defects do not exist. It is shown how the pressure dependence of the conductivity is controlled by the pressure dependence of T-c. The theory is used to predict the variation with temperature of both the apparent activation volume and curvature in plots of the logarithm of the conductivity with pressure. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Phys Sci Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 154 SI SI BP 337 EP 342 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00531-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00531-3 PN B PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MP UT WOS:000179999700046 ER PT J AU Swider-Lyons, KE Love, CT Rolison, DR AF Swider-Lyons, KE Love, CT Rolison, DR TI Improved lithium capacity of defective V2O5 materials SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE lithium battery; Li capacity; V2O5; defects; cation vacancies ID VANADIUM PENTOXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; INTERCALATION; AEROGELS; XEROGEL; ABSORPTION; ELECTRODES; CRYSTAL; MNO2; XAS AB We demonstrate that point defects may be introduced into a metal oxide to increase its Li-ion capacity by using various heat treatments to modify the defect structure of polycrystalline V2O5 and then comparing the Li capacity of the materials. The V2O5 that is heated under O-2/H O-2 at 460 degreesC has a 23% higher Li capacity than the as-received material despite no change to its long-range structure. Other heating conditions lower the Li capacity, of the V2O5. We infer that heating under O-2/H2O introduces defects, such as cation vacancies associated with lithiated oxygen sites, which can electrochemically exchange Li ions and serve as additional charge-storage sites. This study may also explain how metal oxides synthesized from sol-gels, such as xerogels and aerogels, insert lithium ions without concomitant reduction of transition-metal-ion sites-high-surface-area metal oxides are likely to be nonstoichiometric and rich with surface point defects which can serve as additional charge-storage sites. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6171, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 152 SI SI BP 99 EP 104 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00350-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00350-8 PN A PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MN UT WOS:000179999600012 ER PT J AU Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ AF Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ TI Free volume and percolation in S-SEBS and fluorocarbon proton conducting membranes SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE electrical conductivity; proton conducting membranes; activation volume; percolation; free volume ID PRESSURE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WEIGHT NAFION MEMBRANES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; IONOMER MEMBRANES; COMPLEX IMPEDANCE; WATER; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; NMR AB Electrical conductivity results at a variety of pressures, temperatures and water contents are evaluated for sulfonated styrene/ ethylene-butylene/styrene (S-SEBS) triblock polymer, Nafion 117, and Dow 800 proton conducting membranes, In addition, room temperature and atmospheric pressure diffusion coefficients determined from conductivity and H-1 pulsed gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies are considered. While the S-SEBS and fluorocarbons exhibit a percolation threshold at 10 and 4 wt.%, respectively, all materials exhibit this phenomenon at a volume water fraction of C approximate to 0.05. Above the threshold the conductivity exhibits a power law behavior. When the volume of the hydrophobic portion of the membrane is subtracted the threshold occurs at the adjusted volume fraction Of C-A approximate to 0.12 which approaches that expected for continuum percolation, The activation volume results are shown to be consistent with free volume considerations. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Edmondson, CA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 152 SI SI BP 355 EP 361 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00336-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00336-3 PN A PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MN UT WOS:000179999600049 ER PT J AU Abdel-Hamid, TK AF Abdel-Hamid, TK TI Modeling the dynamics of human energy regulation and its implications for obesity treatment SO SYSTEM DYNAMICS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BODY CALORIMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; METABOLIC-RATE; WEIGHT-LOSS; EXERCISE; EXPENDITURE; CONSEQUENCES; RESTRICTION; PREVENTION AB Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and is threatening to become a global epidemic. Even more concerning, the incidence of overweight continues to increase. The health consequences and economic costs to individuals and to society are considerable. Obesity is associated with many serious health complications, including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, selected cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. In the U.S., direct and indirect medical costs attributable to obesity are estimated to approach $100 billion yearly. Obesity develops when a chronic imbalance exists between energy intake, in the form of food and drink, and energy expenditure. To date, the emphasis of treatment has been on the energy intake side of the energy balance equation. This, in part, is because it has been difficult to demonstrate the efficacy of exercise as a treatment strategy. This paper attempts to demonstrate the utility of system dynamics modeling to study and gain insight into the physiology related to weight gain and loss. A simulation model is presented that integrates nutrition, metabolism, hormonal regulation, body composition, and physical activity. These processes are typically fragmented between many different disciplines and conceptual frameworks. This work seeks to bring these ideas together highlighting the interdependence of the various aspects of the complex human weight regulation system. The model was used as an experimentation vehicle to investigate the impacts of physical activity on body weight and composition. The results replicate the "mix" of results reported in the literature, as well as providing causal explanation for their variability. In one experiment, weight loss from a moderate level of daily exercise was comparable to the loss from dieting (when both produced equivalent energy deficits). Perhaps of greater significance, the exercise intervention protected against the loss of fat-free mass, which occurs when weight loss is achieved through dieting alone, and thus promoted favorable changes in body composition. In a second experiment, exercise regimens of moderate to high level of intensity proved counter-productive as weight-reducing strategies for an obese sedentary subject. This was due to the limited energy reserves (specifically, muscle glycogen) available to such individuals. However, when the diet was changed from a balanced composition to one that was highly loaded with carbohydrates, it became possible to sustain the intense exercise regimen over the experimental period, and achieve a significant drop in body weight. The results underscore the significant interaction effects between diet composition and physical activity, and emphasize the critical role that diet composition can have in exercise-based treatment interventions. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Abdel-Hamid, TK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd,Code GB-Ah, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0883-7066 J9 SYST DYNAM REV JI Syst. Dyn. Rev. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 431 EP 471 DI 10.1002/sdr.240 PG 41 WC Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 643JV UT WOS:000180858900001 ER PT J AU Trost, CS AF Trost, CS TI A dynamic model of work quality in a government oversight organization SO SYSTEM DYNAMICS REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB Management of a government organization responsible for the oversight of contractor work is a sensitive and challenging task. One such organization is the Supervisor of Shipbuilding (SUPSHIP), Groton, a unit of the U.S. Navy, whose engineering department is responsible for oversight of submarine designs from General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. Management of the SUPSHIP Engineering Department is further complicated by a high cost of mistakes and a significant lag between the time a mistake is made and when it is discovered in production. Recent defense cutbacks led to a reorganization of the department with significantly fewer personnel and periodic variations in workload have raised questions about the department's ability to maintain a desired level of quality in its design reviews. Quality in this context refers to work done without errors-errors that could affect the final product if they are not caught by supervisors or higher up the chain of command. To understand and explore these issues better, a system dynamics model that integrates the structural elements of the engineering department's workload and workforce was developed. Using the model to analyze expected performance during future peaks and valleys in the workload, as well as expected retirements and new hiring, allowed management to develop policies that keep quality at acceptable levels. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, PRESINSURV, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. RP Trost, CS (reprint author), USN, PRESINSURV, 2600 Tarawa Court,Suite 250, Norfolk, VA 23521 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0883-7066 J9 SYST DYNAM REV JI Syst. Dyn. Rev. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 473 EP 495 DI 10.1002/sdr.243 PG 23 WC Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 643JV UT WOS:000180858900002 ER PT J AU Dunford, RG Vann, RD Gerth, WA Pieper, CF Huggins, K Wacholtz, C Bennett, PB AF Dunford, RG Vann, RD Gerth, WA Pieper, CF Huggins, K Wacholtz, C Bennett, PB TI The incidence of venous gas emboli in recreational diving SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE venous gas emboli; Doppler bubble detection; probabilistic modeling; multi-level diving; repetitive diving; multi-day diving; age; sex; adaptation; dive computers ID PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; BUBBLES; DIVERS; MODELS; AIR AB Dunford RG, Vann RD, Gerth WA, Pieper CF, Huggins K, Wachholz C, Bennett PB, The incidence of venous gas emboli in recreational divers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002; 29(4):247-259- From 1989-91, the Divers Alert Network monitored recreational divers for Doppler-detected venous gas emboli (VGE) and depth-time profiles following multi-day, repetitive, multi-level exposures. A Spencer score >0 occurred in 61 of 67 subjects (91%) and 205 of 281 dives (73%). No subject developed decompression sickness (DCS) on monitored days although 102 dives (36.3%) scored at Spencer Grades 2 or 3 (High Bubble Grade, HBG). We recorded the depth-time profiles with Suunto dive computers and estimated exposure severity with a probabilistic decompression algorithm. The HBG incidence increased 53% over the range of exposure severity (p<0.001) in the divers, was approximately 20% higher for repetitive dives than for first dives, and decreased approximately 25% over the 6-8 days of multi-day diving (p<0.001) suggesting a phenomenon similar to DCS adaptation. The observed HBG incidence was approximately 20% higher for males than females. Older male divers had a 25% increase in observed incidence of HBG while older female divers showed a 55% increase when compared to their younger counterparts. C1 Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Hyperbar Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Environm Physiol & Med, Durham, NC USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Aging, Durham, NC USA. USC, Div Biostat, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Avalon, CA USA. USC, Wrigley Marine Sci Ctr, Avalon, CA USA. RP Dunford, RG (reprint author), Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Hyperbar Ctr, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 247 EP 259 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 685CV UT WOS:000183244000006 PM 12797666 ER PT J AU Jan, MH Thomas, TL Hooper, TI AF Jan, MH Thomas, TL Hooper, TI TI Prescription medication, use aboard US submarines during periods underway. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE submarine medicine; undersea medicine; submarine; undersea ID APPROPRIATENESS INDEX AB Jan MH, Thomas TL, Hooper TI, Prescription medication use aboard US submarines during periods underway. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002; 29(4): 294-306 - Since January 1997, automated medical records fom U.S. submarines have been stored in a centralized database as part of a descriptive epidemiology study. 200 medical encounter notes were randomly selected from 1,017 initial health visits during submarine underway periods between April 1996 and January 1998. Medication prescription appropriateness was assessed using a modified Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) described in the literature. Seven diagnostic categories accounted for 51.4% of all diagnoses: acute upper respiratory infections (17.6%), superficial wounds (9.7%), elevated blood pressure without the diagnosis of hypertension (7.9%), sprain/strains (4.7%), skin infections (4.3%), eye disorders (3.6%), and ear disorders (3.6%). Prescribed medications were consistent with the care of minor health problems. Mean number of medications prescribed per encounter was 1.4 +/- 1.1 (S.D.). 84% of prescribed medications were assigned a modified MAI summary score of 0, indicating the prescription was appropriate in all aspects. However, anti-infective medication prescriptions demonstrated a significant proportion of non-zero summary scores suggesting some room for improvement in the prescribing practices for this specific medication category. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Med Corps, Portsmouth, VA 23701 USA. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jan, MH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Med Corps, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23701 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 294 EP 306 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 685CV UT WOS:000183244000011 PM 12797671 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Li, XQ Cubel, T Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D AF Stievater, TH Li, XQ Cubel, T Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D TI Measurement of relaxation between polarization eigenstates in single quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN RELAXATION; EXCITONS; WELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB Low temperature relaxation of excitons between polarization eigenstates in single interface fluctuation quantum dots is studied using copolarized and cross-polarized transient differential transmission spectroscopy. The measured spin relaxation times are on the order of similar to100 ps. Such a spin relaxation time is longer than the reported times for thin quantum wells, but considerably shorter than the predicted times for interface fluctuation quantum dots. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 22 BP 4251 EP 4253 DI 10.1063/1.1526912 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617BR UT WOS:000179340800051 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Petukhov, AG AF Erwin, SC Petukhov, AG TI Self-compensation in manganese-doped ferromagnetic semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; LIQUID AB We present a theory of interstitial Mn in Mn-doped ferromagnetic semiconductors. Using density-functional theory, we show that under the nonequilibrium conditions of growth, interstitial Mn is easily formed near the surface by a simple low-energy adsorption pathway. In GaAs, isolated interstitial Mn is an electron donor, each compensating two substitutional Mn acceptors. Within an impurity-band model, partial compensation promotes ferromagnetic order below the metal-insulator transition, with the highest Curie temperature occurring for 0.5 holes per substitutional Mn. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 22 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 227201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.227201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100047 PM 12485098 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Jeon, HG Ratna, BR AF Selinger, JV Jeon, HG Ratna, BR TI Isotropic-nematic transition in liquid-crystalline elastomers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB In liquid-crystalline elastomers, the nematic order parameter and the induced strain vary smoothly across the isotropic-nematic transition, without the expected first-order discontinuity. To investigate this smooth variation, we measure the strain as a function of temperature over a range of applied stress, for elastomers cross-linked in the nematic and isotropic phases, and analyze the results using a variation on Landau theory. This analysis shows that the smooth variation arises from quenched disorder in the elastomer, combined with the effects of applied stress and internal stress. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 225701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.225701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100031 PM 12485082 ER PT J AU Hunter, DA Rubin, VC Swaters, RA Sparke, LS Levine, SE AF Hunter, DA Rubin, VC Swaters, RA Sparke, LS Levine, SE TI The stellar and gas kinematics of several irregular galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 1156, NGC 2366, NGC 4449); galaxies : irregular; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : structure ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; STAR-FORMATION; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; IONIZED-GAS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ROTATION CURVES; DWARF GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER; NGC-4449 AB We present long-slit spectra of three irregular galaxies from which we determine the stellar kinematics in two of the galaxies (NGC 1156 and NGC 4449) and ionized gas kinematics in all three ( including NGC 2366). We compare this to the optical morphology and H I kinematics of the galaxies. In the ionized gas, we see a linear velocity gradient in all three galaxies. In NGC 1156 we also detect a weak linear velocity gradient in the stars of (5+/-1/sin i) km s(-1) kpc(-1) to a radius of 1.6 kpc. The stars and gas are rotating about the same axis, but this is different from the major axis of the stellar bar, which dominates the optical light of the galaxy. In NGC 4449 we do not detect organized rotation of the stars and place an upper limit of (3/sin i) km s(-1) kpc(-1) to a radius of 1.2 kpc. For NGC 4449, which has signs of a past interaction with another galaxy, we develop a model to fit the observed kinematics of the stars and gas. In this model the stellar component is in a rotating disk seen nearly face-on, while the gas is in a tilted disk with orbits whose planes precess in the gravitational potential. This model reproduces the apparent counterrotation of the inner gas of the galaxy. The peculiar orbits of the gas are presumed as a result of acquisition of gas in the past interaction. C1 Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Washburn Observ, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hunter, DA (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 580 IS 1 BP 194 EP 212 DI 10.1086/343080 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 616ET UT WOS:000179291400020 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Holland, KT Puleo, JA AF Plant, NG Holland, KT Puleo, JA TI Analysis of the scale of errors in nearshore bathymetric data SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial interpolation; field data; spectral analysis; error analysis; optimization ID BEACH CUSP FORMATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; BEHAVIOR; PROFILE; COAST; DUCK; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; RIPPLES; WAVES AB Most studies of nearshore hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphology focus on bathymetric variability within a narrow band of spatial and temporal scales. Typically, these studies rely on bathymetry estimates derived from field observations consisting of discrete samples in space and time with varying degrees of measurement error. Sampling limitations, which result in aliasing, and measurement errors can significantly contaminate variability at resolved scales, and may lead to large errors in the representation of the scales of interest. Using a spectral analysis, interpolation errors were analyzed for three different nearshore bathymetric data sets, each of which targeted a different range of spatial scales. Bathymetric features that were unresolved or poorly resolved (e.g. beach cusps) introduced the potential for contamination in two of the data sets. This contamination was significantly reduced using an appropriate scale-controlled interpolation method, leading to more accurate representations of the actual bathymetry. An additional benefit of using scale-controlled interpolation is that interpolation errors may be estimated independently of actual observations, which allows one to design bathymetric sampling strategies that ensure that dominant scales are either resolved or largely removed. Finally, interpolation errors corresponding to a particular sample design can be used to determine which interpolated values contribute usefully to a band-limited analysis of bathymetric variability. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-3, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 35 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 191 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 86 AR PII S0025-3227(02)00497-8 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00497-8 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 611GN UT WOS:000179008200005 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ AF Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ TI Resolution of sub-Rouse modes of polystyrene by dissolution SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TIME-TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSITION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; GLASS-TRANSITION; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; SOFTENING DISPERSION; INTERACTING ARRAYS; SEGMENTAL MOTION; SLIGHT SHOULDER AB The properties of the softening "glass to rubber" dispersion of two archetypal amorphous polymers, polystyrene and polyisobutylene, appear to differ greatly. Previously, these differences have been explained by the larger intermolecular coupling between the repeat units in executing the local segmental motions in polystyrene than polyisobutylene. Dissolution of polystyrene into a solvent with a lower glass temperature certainly diminishes the intermolecular coupling and could make the softening dispersion of the polystyrene solution resemble bulk polyisobutylene. Creep compliance measurements of solutions of polystyrene in tri-m-tolyl phosphate are used to show that this expectation is the case. At 17% polystyrene, the properties of the softening dispersion of the solution are nearly identical to that of bulk polyisobutylene, including the appearance of a resolved sub-Rouse mode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 19 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 24 BP 9136 EP 9141 DI 10.1021/ma0209904 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 616HL UT WOS:000179298300034 ER PT J AU Belak, M Valeri, CR Wright, DG AF Belak, M Valeri, CR Wright, DG TI Design and evaluation of immunoadsorption techniques for the selective depletion of CD4+T-lymphocytes from whole blood: Pre-clinical feasibility studies. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Sect Hematol & Oncol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 3706 BP 60B EP 60B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184800249 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Kapnik, E Meryman, HT AF Arnaud, F Kapnik, E Meryman, HT TI Use of hollow fiber membrane filtration to remove DMSO from platelet concentrates. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 5228 BP 415B EP 415B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184801770 ER PT J AU Braga, GCB Garg, VK De Oliveira, AC Freitas, JA Kuzmann, E Garg, R AF Braga, GCB Garg, VK De Oliveira, AC Freitas, JA Kuzmann, E Garg, R TI Optical and Mossbauer study of Brazilian emeralds SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SPECTRA AB Emerald samples from two different locations in Brazil have been analyzed using transmission Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and optical methods. Mossbauer spectra were decomposed into four subspectra associated with Fe ions at different sites. We found that Fe2+ substitutes both Al and Be sites in different proportions (varying with the origin of emerald samples); and about 1/3 of iron ions in Fe3+ valence state are primarily located at two different sites. C1 Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Nucl Chem, Budapest, Hungary. RP Univ Brasilia, Inst Phys, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM george@unb.br OI Kuzmann, Erno/0000-0002-0183-6649 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 194 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200211)194:1<36::AID-PSSA36>3.0.CO;2-W PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 624VW UT WOS:000179783200005 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ Hoag, S Shaughnessy, J AF Viera, AJ Hoag, S Shaughnessy, J TI Management of irritable bowel syndrome SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; DIARRHEA; ALOSETRON; HISTORY; TRIALS; WOMEN; BRAN; PAIN AB Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and is frequently treated by family physicians. Despite patients' worries about the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, it is a benign condition. The diagnosis should be made using standard criteria after red flags that may signify organic disease have been ruled out. An effective physician-patient relationship is vital to successful management.. Episodes of diarrhea are best managed with loperamide, while constipation often will respond to fiber supplements. Antispasmodics or anticholinergic agents may help relieve the abdominal pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Refractory cases are often treated with tricyclic antidepressants. Newer agents such as tegaserod and ondansetron target neurotransmitter receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Some forms of psychologic treatment may be helpful, and gastroenterology consultation is occasionally needed to reassure the patient. Comorbid conditions such as depression or anxiety should be investigated and treated. Copyright (C) 2002 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USNR, 1505 Maple Leaf Ln, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1867 EP 1874 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 618EQ UT WOS:000179406000008 PM 12469960 ER PT J AU Shenenberger, DW Utecht, LM AF Shenenberger, DW Utecht, LM TI Removal of unwanted facial hair SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID MODE RUBY-LASER AB Unwanted facial hair is a common problem that is seldom discussed in the primary care setting. Although men occasionally request removal of unwanted facial hair, women most often seek help with this condition. Physicians generally neglect to address the problem if the patient does not first request help. The condition may be caused by androgen overproduction, increased sensitivity to circulating androgens, or other metabolic and endocrine disorders, and should be properly evaluated. Options for hair removal vary in efficacy, degree of discomfort, and cost. Clinical studies on the efficacy of many therapies are lacking. Short of. surgical removal of the hair follicle, the only permanent treatment is electrolysis. However, the practice of electrolysis lacks standardization, and regulation of the procedure varies from state to state. Shaving, epilation, and depilation are the most commonly attempted initial options for facial hair removal. Although these methods are less expensive, they are only temporary. Laser hair removal, although better studied than most methods and more strictly regulated, has yet to be proved permanent in all patients. Eflornithine, a topical treatment, is simple to apply and has minimal side effects. By the time most patients consult a physician, they have tried several methods of hair removal. Family physicians can properly educate patients and recommend treatment for this common condition if they are armed with basic knowledge about the treatment options. Copyright(C) 2002 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 USN Hosp, Rota, Spain. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Shenenberger, DW (reprint author), 1609 Emberhill Ct, Chesapeake, VA 23321 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1907 EP 1911 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 618EQ UT WOS:000179406000012 PM 12469966 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO Frenck, R Ismail, TF Mansour, H Malone, JL Mahoney, FJ AF Wasfy, MO Frenck, R Ismail, TF Mansour, H Malone, JL Mahoney, FJ TI Trends of multiple-drug resistance among Salmonella serotype Typhi isolates during a 14-year period in Egypt SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEVER; CHLORAMPHENICOL; INFECTIONS AB A total of 853 isolates of Salmonella serotype Typhi recovered from patients with typhoid fever who were admitted to a major infectious disease hospital in Cairo, Egypt, from 1987 through 2000 underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing to determine multiple-drug resistance. The observed resurgence of chloramphenicol susceptibility (P = .002) may suggest re-use of this drug for the treatment of typhoid fever in Egypt. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452, Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1268 DI 10.1086/343052 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 611PM UT WOS:000179027000018 PM 12410488 ER PT J AU Shao, L Thompson, PE Bleiler, RJ Baumann, S Wang, XM Chen, H Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, L Thompson, PE Bleiler, RJ Baumann, S Wang, XM Chen, H Liu, JR Chu, WK TI Reduction of boride enhanced diffusion in MeV-implanted silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ION-IMPLANTATION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; VACANCY CLUSTERS; SI; DEFECTS; BORON; SURFACE; AMORPHIZATION; LAYERS AB We demonstrated that implantation of MeV Si ions into a Si substrate can suppress boride-enhanced diffusion (BED) normally associated with a high B concentration layer. In this study, a molecular-beam-epitaxy grown Si layer with a B concentration of 10(21)/cm(3) over a 10 nm region capped with 100 nm Si was used as a source of BED. A sequence of four B delta-doped layers with 100 nm Si spacers was grown prior to the source layer to monitor the diffusion. Half of the sample was implanted with 1 MeV Si ions at a dose of 10(16)/cm(2), followed by annealing at 800, 900, and 1000 degreesC for different periods of time. For control samples without the MeV Si implant, BED was observed with enhancements of around 40 while the MeV Si-implanted sample showed a reduced, yet nonvanishing, BED with an enhancement of around 8 after annealing at 800 degreesC for 1 h. Both BED and suppressed BED with MeV implant show transient behavior with decay after annealing for long periods of time. The effect of high energy implant on B diffusion from surface deposited B layer was also discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Evans Texas, Round Rock, TX 78681 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 5793 EP 5797 DI 10.1063/1.1513207 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200032 ER PT J AU Marmorino, G Askari, F Mied, R AF Marmorino, G Askari, F Mied, R TI Observations of the creation and evolution of small-scale oceanic frontal cusps and slicks SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Ocean Fronts held at the 2000 AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting CY JAN 24-28, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Geophys Union, Amer Soc Limnol & Oceanog DE gulf stream intrusion; ocean front; frontal instability; shear instability; current convergence; frontal convergence; ocean slick; surfactant; imaging radar ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; STREAM CURRENT CONVERGENCE; BAY OUTFLOW PLUME; MIXED-LAYER FRONT; GULF-STREAM; CAPE-HATTERAS; SURFACE; WAVES; MODEL; FRONTOGENESIS AB Airborne microwave radar imagery and coincident in situ data collected off Cape Hatteras, NC (USA) are used to examine the small-scale horizontal structure of a frontal region, which formed through intrusion of relatively dense Gulf Stream water onto the continental shelf. The frontal outcrop is shown to have a kilometer-wavelength scalloped structure consisting of sharp angular features (cusps) alternating with broad, gently curved regions (troughs). There is also an associated pattern of slicks lying on the buoyant side of the front and asymmetrically offset from the cusps. These slicks appear to originate from biophysical processes associated with the front itself and to trace out cyclonic trajectories of surface fluid particles. It is conjectured that the distinctive horizontal pattern of frontal cusps and slicks arises from shear-flow instability modified by the requirement for convergence of buoyant water along the front. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 29 AR PII S0924-7963(02)00193-8 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00193-8 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 617TW UT WOS:000179377800003 ER PT J AU McCoy, PA AF McCoy, PA TI Electromagnetic field singularities SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB An integral transform based method is given for determining information about the locating and properties of singularities of electromagnetic fields associated with axially symmetric radiating sources. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCoy, PA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 275 IS 2 BP 761 EP 770 AR PII S0022-247X(02)00420-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00420-1 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 627VE UT WOS:000179956200020 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Lucke, RL Funk, E Rickard, LJ Reintjes, J AF Bashkansky, M Lucke, RL Funk, E Rickard, LJ Reintjes, J TI Two-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging in the optical domain SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE MEASUREMENT; LASER-RADAR AB In scan-mode synthetic aperture imaging radar, spatial resolution in a range is given by a frequency-swept waveform, whereas resolution in the orthogonal direction is derived from the record of phase as the beam footprint executes linear motion over the object. We demonstrate here what is to our knowledge the first two-dimensional imaging that uses exactly this process in the optical domain for a 1 cm X 1 cm object with 90 mum X 170 mum resolution. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 63 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 22 BP 1983 EP 1985 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001983 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 618QW UT WOS:000179429600007 PM 18033419 ER PT J AU Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR AF Ashman, C Khanna, SN Pederson, MR TI Electron attachment and dynamics of alkali atoms in Al13X (X=Li-Cs) clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SODIUM CLUSTERS; SHELL STRUCTURE; NA CLUSTERS; APPROXIMATION; SOLIDS AB Theoretical electronic structure studies on the anionic and neutral Al13X (X=Li-Cs) clusters have been carried out using a gradient corrected density-functional approach. The alkali atoms occupy the hollow sites on the Al-13 icosahedron surface and the calculated vertical transition energies from the ground state of the anions to various neutral states are found to be close to the recent preliminary experimental data. A detailed investigation of the Born-Oppenheimer surface of Al13K shows that the minimum energy path for the motion of K atoms to the neighboring hollow sites passes through a bridge site and has a barrier of 0.13 eV. If energy could be imparted that will enable the K atoms to overcome the barrier and slide freely on the surface, the cluster will exhibit a small orbital magnetic moment that could be observed at low temperatures. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ashman, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 AR 193408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.193408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622ZH UT WOS:000179677900026 ER PT J AU Sprague, JA Montalenti, F Uberuaga, BP Kress, JD Voter, AF AF Sprague, JA Montalenti, F Uberuaga, BP Kress, JD Voter, AF TI Simulation of growth of Cu on Ag(001) at experimental deposition rates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; TEMPERATURE-ACCELERATED DYNAMICS; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; BY-LAYER GROWTH; IN-SITU STM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SELF-DIFFUSION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH AB The initial stages of growth of (001)Cu films on (001)Ag substrates have been investigated using the temperature-accelerated dynamics (TAD) simulation method. The acceleration provided by TAD made it possible to simulate the deposition of Cu on (001)Ag at 77 K using a deposition rate of 0.04 ML/s, which matched previously reported experiments. This simulation was achieved without a priori knowledge of the significant atomic processes. The results showed that the increased in-plane lattice parameter of the pseudomorphic Cu reduces the activation energy for the exchange mode of surface diffusion, allowing short-range terrace diffusion and the formation of compact Cu islands on the second film layer at 77 K. Some unexpected complex surface diffusion processes and off-lattice atomic configurations were also observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Mat, INFM, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sprague, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010; OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269; Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 51 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 20 AR 205415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.205415 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 624RC UT WOS:000179773900077 ER PT J AU Borisov, AB Song, XY Frigeni, F Dai, Y Koshman, Y Schroeder, WA Davis, J Boyer, K Rhodes, CK AF Borisov, AB Song, XY Frigeni, F Dai, Y Koshman, Y Schroeder, WA Davis, J Boyer, K Rhodes, CK TI Ultraviolet-infrared wavelength scalings for strong field induced L-shell emissions from Kr and Xe clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY-EMISSION; COSTER-KRONIG; YIELDS; AUGER; EXCITATION; ELECTRONS AB Comparison of Xe(L)/Kr(L) emission spectra generated from Xe and Kr clusters by ultraviolet (248 nm) and infrared (800/1060 nm) excitation reveals sharply different wavelength scalings. An interpretation of these contrasting scalings based on L-shell Auger widths explains this difference and supports the theoretical attribution of the strong hollow-atom Xe(L) emission produced with 248 nm irradiation to an ordered phase-dependent coupling. These results indicate that clusters of Yb, Ta and W may produce comparably strong hollow atom L-shell emission at similar to8 keV with 248 nm excitation. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Borisov, AB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 21 BP L461 EP L467 AR PII S0953-4075(02)36907-4 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/21/101 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 618VC UT WOS:000179437100001 ER PT J AU Copper, CL Callahan, JH AF Copper, CL Callahan, JH TI Capillary electrophoresis as a method for ozone determination in atmospheres SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; ion chromatography; ozone; nitrate; nitrite ID NITRITE; NITRATE AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is used to quantify nitrate and nitrite extracted from nitrite-impregnated glass fiber filters (IGFF) that are used to monitor ozone in atmospheres. The amount of nitrate produced from conversion of nitrite in the filters is directly related to the amount of ozone passed over the filter. The limit of detection for ozone using the CE method is 1.17 ppm 1 and the method is linear over two orders of magnitude. The effect of the excess nitrite in the IGFF on the limits of detection is discussed. Results from CE analyses of both active and passive filters are presented. The active filter results are compared to ion chromatographic analyses. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Callahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV 12 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 823 EP 830 AR PII S0039-9140(02)00379-X DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00379-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 614LW UT WOS:000179192200001 PM 18968812 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV Roussos, JA AF Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Glaser, ER Shanabrook, BV Roussos, JA TI Reduction of buffer layer conduction near plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy grown GaN/AlN interfaces by beryllium doping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED GAN; ACCEPTOR AB Beryllium doping of epitaxial GaN layers is used to reduce leakage currents through interfacial or buffer conducting layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on SiC. Capacitance-voltage measurements of Schottky barrier test structures and dc pinch-off characteristics of unintentionally doped GaN high-electron-mobility transistors indicate that these leakage currents are localized near the GaN/AlN interface of our AlGaN/GaN/AlN device structures. Insertion of a 2000 Angstrom Be:GaN layer at the interface reduces these currents by three orders of magnitude. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6852,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 20 BP 3819 EP 3821 DI 10.1063/1.1522133 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 611XB UT WOS:000179042200039 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Harris, VG Morrison, SA AF Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Harris, VG Morrison, SA TI Use of multiple-edge refinement of extended x-ray absorption fine structure to determine site occupancy in mixed ferrite nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CURIE-TEMPERATURE; NANOSCALE MNFE2O4 PARTICLES; POWDERS AB The site occupancy of manganese zinc ferrite (MZFO) nanoparticles is determined by a multiple-edge refinement of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure of the manganese, zinc, and iron absorption edges. The MZFO nanoparticles are generated by a reverse micellar synthetic route and compared to a ceramic standard. The simultaneous fitting of multiple absorption edges to a constrained model is found to yield site occupancies accurate to within eight percentage points. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 20 BP 3828 EP 3830 DI 10.1063/1.1520700 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 611XB UT WOS:000179042200042 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL O'Shea, PG Feldman, DW AF Jensen, KL O'Shea, PG Feldman, DW TI Generalized electron emission model for field, thermal, and photoemission SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Analysis of electron emission from photocathodes, field emitters under extreme fields, or thermionic emitters operated at reduced temperature, utilize thermionic (Richardson) or field emission (Fowler-Nordheim) approximations which become inaccurate for such atypical conditions. The computational overhead of advanced numerical transport models make them ill-suited for data analysis or simulations of extended areas of photocathode and thermionic emitters, or for nonplanar field emitters. In this letter, an analytic thermal-field emission equation is given for which the Fowler-Nordheim and Richardson-Laue-Dushman equations are asymptotic limits. The methodology can analytically address "warm" field and "cool" thermionic emission, photoemission, and electron transport between interfaces (e.g., Schottky barriers). The approximations developed are compared to an exact evaluation (the modified airy function approach). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NRL, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 20 BP 3867 EP 3869 DI 10.1063/1.1521491 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 611XB UT WOS:000179042200055 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Dutta, I Chen, MW AF Peterson, KA Dutta, I Chen, MW TI Measurement of creep kinetics at Al-Si interfaces SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; METAL; DEFORMATION; FILM C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV 11 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 10 BP 649 EP 654 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00262-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00262-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 615GA UT WOS:000179236400002 ER PT J AU Wang, L Wheeler, JC Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Baade, D Branch, D Challis, P Filippenko, AV Fransson, C Garnavich, P Kirshner, RP Lundqvist, P McCray, R Panagia, N Pun, CSJ Phillips, MM Sonneborn, G Suntzeff, NB AF Wang, L Wheeler, JC Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Baade, D Branch, D Challis, P Filippenko, AV Fransson, C Garnavich, P Kirshner, RP Lundqvist, P McCray, R Panagia, N Pun, CSJ Phillips, MM Sonneborn, G Suntzeff, NB TI The axisymmetric ejecta of supernova 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernova remnants; supernovae : individual (SN 1987A) ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SN 1987A; NEUTRINO RADIATION; SN-1987A; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; POLARIZATION; EXPLOSIONS; EMISSION; LINE; JET AB Extensive early observations proved that the ejecta of supernova 1987A (SN 1987A) are aspherical. The most important of these early observations include (1) the "Bochum event" that revealed small-scale spectroscopic structure indicating chemical inhomogeneities of the ejecta, (2) spectropolarimetry that showed deviations from spherical symmetry, and ( 3) speckle observations that revealed both the asymmetry of the ejecta and the "mystery spot" manifested as a secondary source off center from the bulk of the supernova ejecta. Fifteen years after the supernova explosion, the Hubble Space Telescope has resolved the rapidly expanding ejecta. The late-time images and spectroscopy provide a geometrical picture that is consistent with early observations and suggests a highly structured, axially symmetric geometry. We present here a new synthesis of the old and new data. We show that the Bochum event, presumably a clump of Ni-56, and the late-time image, the locus of excitation by Ti-44, are most naturally accounted for by sharing a common position angle of about 14degrees the same as the mystery spot and early speckle data on the ejecta, and that they are both oriented along the axis of the inner circumstellar ring at 45degrees to the plane of the sky. We also demonstrate that the polarization represents a prolate geometry with the same position angle and axis as the early speckle data and the late-time image, and hence that the geometry has been fixed in time and throughout the ejecta. The Bochum event and the Doppler kinematics of the [Ca II]/[O II] emission in spatially resolved Hubble Space Telescope spectra of the ejecta can be consistently integrated into this geometry. The radioactive clump is deduced to fall approximately along the axis of the inner circumstellar ring and therefore to be redshifted in the north, whereas the [Ca II]/[O II] 7300 Angstrom emission is redshifted in the south. We present a jet-induced model for the explosion and argue that such a model can account for many of the observed asymmetries. In the jet models, the oxygen and calcium are not expected to be distributed along the jet but primarily in an expanding torus that shares the plane and northern blue shift of the inner circumstellar ring. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stockholm Observ, AlbaNova, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. ESA, Dept Space Sci, F-75738 Paris 15, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Astron & Space Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Carnegie Observ, Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50-232,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sonneborn, George/D-5255-2012 NR 59 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 2 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1086/342824 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 612EZ UT WOS:000179062700019 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Wang, YM AF Sheeley, NR Wang, YM TI Characteristics of coronal inflows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields AB This paper describes coronal inflows observed with the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO). The inflows are not seen above 5.5 R., which appears to be a "point of no return" for the Sun's plasmas and fields. Below this height, most inflows seem to indicate magnetic flux that is returning to the Sun after its reconnection at sector boundaries. Some inflows have characteristics (like fast, oppositely directed ejections of material) that are easily interpreted in terms of conventional models of field line reconnection. However, the overwhelming majority of coronal inflows have a more complex behavior that typically includes the following characteristics: 1. The birth of a very weak, localized density enhancement about 4-5 R. from Sun center and its initially slow downward motion along a coronal ray; 2. Acceleration to a maximum speed of 50-100 km s(-1), and the formation of a sinking column; 3. Deceleration and the appearance of a dark depletion tail, visible against the bright background structures in the lower corona; 4. The formation of a stretched loop below about 2.5 R.. We suppose that the initial downward motion is a preparatory stage for reconnection, which occurs in the depleted region in the wake of the sinking column and is later revealed by the formation of a stretched loop in the lower corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 2 BP 874 EP 887 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 612EZ UT WOS:000179062700039 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Adsorption and photodissociation of 4-haloanilines on GaN(0001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ab initio quantum chemical methods and calculations; Auger electron spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); photoelectron spectroscopy; photochemistry; Gallium nitride; aromatics; halogens ID PARA-CHLOROANILINE; 4-CHLOROANILINE; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; SPECTRA; STATES; ENERGY AB The adsorption of 4-chloro- and 4-iodoaniline on the GaN(0 0 0 1)-(1 x 1) surface, and the subsequent effects of exposure to near- or vacuum-ultraviolet radiation, have been studied. Both species adsorb via the molecular NH2 group, with the phenyl ring intact, as does aniline itself. Like aniline, both are very reactive with the clean surface, requiring only a small dose to reach saturation coverage. 4-Iodoaniline is photochemically active as an adsorbate on GaN. Ultraviolet radiation promotes dissociation of the molecular C-I bond, leading to the transfer of I to available Ga sites on the GaN surface. The process then terminates when all such sites are filled. Dissociation of the C-I bond does not appear to involve photoexcited carriers from the substrate and is, instead, suggested to occur through direct excitation of the adsorbate. The photochemical activity of 4-chloroaniline adsorbed on GaN is at present uncertain, but it appears to be relatively inert. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 519 IS 3 BP 173 EP 184 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02146-5 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02146-5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 611FF UT WOS:000179005200003 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Santangelo, PG Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Santangelo, PG Roland, CM TI Anomalous behavior in blends of a polychlorinated biphenyl with polystyrene oligomer investigated by mechanical and dielectric spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID COMPONENT DYNAMICS; SOFTENING ZONE; RELAXATION; MIXTURES; BIREFRINGENCE; DEPENDENCE; POLYMERS AB Dynamic mechanical and dielectric spectroscopy measurements on a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB54), an oligomeric polystyrene (PS590), and their blend revealed various anomalies: (i) The mechanical relaxation times were always smaller (faster relaxation) than the relaxation times extracted from the dielectric modulus. (ii) The fragility (T-g-normalized temperature dependence of the relaxation times) for the two. neat materials was the same, even though the shapes of the corresponding relaxation functions were quite different. Such a result is at odds with the well-established correlation between these. quantities. (id) The addition of PS590 speeds up dielectric relaxation of the PCB54, even though the former has a higher glass transition temperature. However, the mechanical response is normal; that is, the relaxation times of the mixture are intermediate between those of the pure components. A brief discussion of these anomalies is given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 7 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 44 BP 11492 EP 11494 DI 10.1021/jp0215791 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 611HW UT WOS:000179011500012 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML AF Campbell, ML TI Kinetics of the termolecular reaction of gas phase Pd(a(1)S(0)) atoms with methane SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; C-H; ACTIVATION; CH4; HYDROCARBONS; ALKANES; O-2; PALLADIUM; DEPLETION; PLATINUM AB The gas-phase removal rate constants for the reaction of ground state palladium (a(1)S(0)) with methane in argon buffer are reported as a function of total pressure and temperature. The pressure dependence indicates a termolecular mechanism. The limiting low-pressure third-order rate constant, k(0), in argon buffer at room temperature is (2.0 +/- 0.7) x 10(-30) molecule(-2) cm(6) s(-1). Second-order rate constants were measured at 20.0 Torr from 348 to 523 K. Derived third-order rate constants can be expressed as log k(0)(T) = -201.5 + 141 (log T)-29(log T)(2) over the temperature range 294-523 K. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 365 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 365 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01497-5 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01497-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 608XD UT WOS:000178872300025 ER PT J AU Maley, PD Moore, RG King, DJ AF Maley, PD Moore, RG King, DJ TI Starshine: A student-tracked atmospheric research satellite SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article AB An experimental satellite called STARSHINE has been built and launched that enabled students on dive continents to take part in its assembly and then to watch the satellite interacting with the earth's atmosphere. The satellite is a hollow sphere with small aluminum mirrors polished by groups of students in 18 countries. After deployment from the Space Shuttle, flashes of sunlight allow the satellite to be spotted at night to the naked eye. It is hoped that students can also make orbit determinations, forecast future visibility and perform atmospheric density computations during the projected 8-month life span of STARSHINE. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Project STARSHINE, Monument, CO 80132 USA. United Space Alliance, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Maley, PD (reprint author), Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code D05-P,Maley 2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 51 IS 10 BP 715 EP 721 AR PII S0094-5765(02)00021-8 DI 10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00021-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 609FA UT WOS:000178891900007 ER PT J AU Gessler, EM Simko, EJ Greinwald, JH AF Gessler, EM Simko, EJ Greinwald, JH TI Adult laryngomalacia: An uncommon clinical entity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Virginia-Society-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY APR 28-29, 2000 CL HOT SPRINGS, VIRGINIA SP Va Soc Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGOMALACIA; ACQUIRED LARYNGOMALACIA; AIRWAY-OBSTRUCTION AB A 27-year-old female presented with a several-day history of acute onset inspiratory stridor and shortness of breath that worsened with phonation and minimal exertion. Flexible fiberoptic direct laryngoscopy revealed prolapse of the mucosa overlying the arytenoid cartilages bilaterally, consistent with type 1 laryngomalacia. These symptoms persisted with only minimal improvement despite administration of short-term corticosteroids, several weeks of antireflux medications, and other conservative measures. The patient underwent a supraglottoplasty and exhibited a marked improvement in her symptoms. The literature describes several cases of exercise-induced laryngornalacia in both pediatric and adult populations in which symptoms of inspiratory stridor and shortness of breath are induced by exercise but resolve upon its discontinuation. Adult laryngomalacia appears to be a clinical entity distinct from exercise-induced laryngornalacia because symptoms fail to resolve after several weeks of medical therapy and discontinuation of exertional activity. This case suggests that adult laryngomalacia, unlike pediatric and exercise-induced laryngornalacia, is less likely to resolve over time with conservative management and may require surgical intervention with supraglottoplasty necessary to alleviate symptoms. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gessler, EM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1053/ajot.2002.126322 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 619KB UT WOS:000179474200013 PM 12430134 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Sangkasuwan, V Suwanabun, N Eamsila, C Mungviriya, S Devine, P Richards, AL Rowland, D Ching, WM Sattabongkot, J Lerdthusnee, K AF Coleman, RE Sangkasuwan, V Suwanabun, N Eamsila, C Mungviriya, S Devine, P Richards, AL Rowland, D Ching, WM Sattabongkot, J Lerdthusnee, K TI Comparative evaluation of selected diagnostic assays for the detection of IGG and IGM antibody to Orientia tsutsugamushi in Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; SCRUB TYPHUS PATIENTS; DOT-BLOT IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEIN ANTIGEN R56; RICKETTSIAL DISEASES; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; SERODIAGNOSIS; EXPRESSION; INFECTIONS AB We compared the performance of 2 commercially available dipstick assays, 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay for the diagnosis of scrub typhus, using the indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) test as the reference standard. The dipstick assays were the Integrated Diagnostics (Baltimore, MD) Dip-S-Ticks Scrub Recombinant (66) dipstick test (INDX assay) and the PanBio (Brisbane, Australia) Scrub Typhus IgM and IgG Rapid Immunochromatographic test (PanBio assay). One of the ELISAs used pooled cell lysates of Karp, Kato, and Gilliam strain Orientia tsutsugamushi as antigen (pooled-antigen ELISA), and the other used a recombinant r56 protein as the antigen (recombinant ELISA). With a panel of 123 positive and 227 negative sera, sensitivity and specificity of the assays were as follows: INDX assay, IgG, 60% and 95%, IgM, 60% and 97%; PanBio assay, IgG, 94% and 96%, IgM, 83% and 93%; IFA (1:400 cutoff), IgG, 91% and 96%, IgM, 85% and 98%; pooled-antigen ELISA, IgG (1: 1600 cutoff), 97 % and 89 %, IgM (1:400 cutoff), 94 % and 91 %; recombinant ELISA, IgG (1: 1600 cutoff), 97% and 92%, IgM (1:400 cutoff), 93% and 94%. Because of its excellent performance and use of a standardized, commercially available antigen, the recombinant ELISA is suitable for use in a diagnostic laboratory, where it may be able to replace the IFA and IIP assays. In contrast, the PanBio dipstick assay was easy to perform and did not require sophisticated equipment, making it suitable for use in rural areas where more sophisticated diagnostic tests such as the ELISA and IFA may not be available. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Component, Div Res, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USN, Med Res Inst, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. PanBio Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Qld 4030, Australia. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Entomol, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 30 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 497 EP 503 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 619VH UT WOS:000179497800010 PM 12479551 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Isenbarger, DW Walz, SE Pang, LW Scott, DA Tamminga, C Oyofo, BA Hewitson, WC Sanchez, JL Pitarangsi, C Echeverria, P Tribble, DR AF Sanders, JW Isenbarger, DW Walz, SE Pang, LW Scott, DA Tamminga, C Oyofo, BA Hewitson, WC Sanchez, JL Pitarangsi, C Echeverria, P Tribble, DR TI An observational clinic-based study of diarrheal illness in deployed United States military personnel in Thailand: Presentation and outcome of Campylobacter infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CIPROFLOXACIN; RESISTANCE; PATHOGENS; ETIOLOGY; JEJUNI; AZITHROMYCIN; FEATURES; VIRUSES AB Campylobacter is a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea in Thailand. Since resistance to quinolones is high among Campylobacter isolates, empiric therapy with quinolones for traveler's diarrhea may be ineffective in this region. We conducted an observational study among 169 U.S. military personnel with acute diarrhea and compared their microbiologic findings to those of 77 asymptomatic personnel deployed to Thailand in May 1998. Of 146 pathogenic bacterial isolates, the most common were nontyphoidal Salmonella (n = 31), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (n = 24), and C. jejuni/coli (n = 23). Campylobacter was strongly associated with disease (odds ratio = 5.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-37.3), with a more severe clinical presentation, and with a reduced functional ability at presentation (P = 0.02). In vitro resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in 96% of the Campylobacter isolates. Sub-optimal treatment response to ciprofloxacin was observed in 17% of the cases of Campylobacter infection versus 6% due to other causes. These results highlight the importance of Campylobacter as a cause of severe traveler's diarrhea in Thailand and illustrates the ongoing problem with antibiotic-resistant strains and associated treatment problems. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USA, Dept Med, AMEDD Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, Lima, Peru. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 21 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 533 EP 538 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 619VH UT WOS:000179497800017 PM 12479558 ER PT J AU Lucha, PA Ignacio, R Rowley, D Francis, M AF Lucha, PA Ignacio, R Rowley, D Francis, M TI The incidence of positive peritoneal cytology in colon cancer: A prospective randomized blinded trial SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; SITE RECURRENCES; TUMOR-CELLS; PNEUMOPERITONEUM; IMPLANTATION; SURGERY AB Many investigators have attempted to explain the suspected increased incidence of port site metastasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resections for cancer with animal models in which cancer is simulated by injection of a tumor slurry into the peritoneal cavity. This approach makes the basic assumption that all patients with colorectal malignancies have viable cancer cells freely circulating within the peritoneal cavity. Recent reports in open colorectal resections have conflicting results. Some suggest that the true incidence is negligible and related to advanced-stage cancers whereas others implicate a much higher incidence. We initiated a prospective blinded trial to establish the true incidence of malignant peritoneal cytology in colorectal cancer. One hundred eight consecutive colon resections underwent conventional peritoneal cytologic evaluation. The patients included those with inflammatory conditions of the colon as well as malignant disease. The cytopathologist was blinded as to the indications for surgery as well as the final pathology result. In only one case-stage IV rectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis-was the cytologic specimen positive. Malignant cytology appears to be an infrequent occurrence and is restricted to advanced-stage cancer. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Dept Gen Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Dept Gen Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1018 EP 1021 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 614RH UT WOS:000179203900024 PM 12455799 ER PT J AU Green, TM Charles, PT Anderson, GP AF Green, TM Charles, PT Anderson, GP TI Detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in seawater using a reversed-displacement immunosensor SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TNT; immunosensor; displacement; seawater ID FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; TNT; EXPLOSIVES; BIOSENSOR; SOIL; IMMUNOASSAY; GROUNDWATER; ANTIBODIES; RDX AB Reported in this study are the experimental design and results of an immunosensor for the detection of the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater using a reversed-displacement format. This reversed-displacement immunosensor methodology has successfully measured TNT in seawater by direct injection, eliminating the need for preconcentration or pretreatment of samples. A microcolumn containing an Affi-Gel resin derivatized with a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB) moiety and a fluorophorelabeled anti-TNT antibody composed the immunoassay reactive chamber. Fluorophore-labeled anti-TNT antibody was incubated with the modified Affi-Gel resin until binding equilibrium was reached. Under a constant flow, samples containing TNT were introduced into the flow stream displacing the fluorophore-labeled TNT antibody. Limits of detection were 2.5 ng/mL or part-per-billion (ppb) for TNT in saline buffer and 25 ppb in seawater with an analysis time of 10 min. Two anti-TNT antibodies with differing binding affinities were compared in the reversed-displacement assay format, and a correlation between affinity and detection limits was observed. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the reversed-displacement format can be used to screen seawater samples containing TNT, remains effective after dozens of cycles, and provides significant fluorescence response before regeneration is required. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ganderson@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 310 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 AR PII S0003-2697(02)00288-9 DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00288-9 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 619ZA UT WOS:000179506800004 PM 12413470 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Ligler, FS AF Delehanty, JB Ligler, FS TI A microarray immunoassay for simultaneous detection of proteins and bacteria SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARRAY BIOSENSOR; CYTOKINES; ANALYTES; CELL AB We report the development and characterization of an antibody microarray biosensor for the rapid detection of both protein and bacterial analytes under flow conditions. Using a noncontact microarray printer, biotinylated capture antibodies were immobilized at discrete locations on the surface of an avidin-coated glass microscope slide. Preservation of capture antibody function during the deposition process was accomplished with the use of a low-salt buffer containing sucrose and bovine serum albumin. The slide was fitted with a six-channel flow module that conducted analyte-containing solutions over the array of capture antibody microspots. Detection of bound analyte was subsequently achieved using fluorescent tracer antibodies. The pattern of fluorescent complexes was interrogated using a scanning confocal microscope equipped with a 635-nm laser. This microarray system was employed to detect protein and bacterial analytes both individually and in samples containing mixtures of analytes. Assays were completed in 15 min, and detection of cholera toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, and Bacillus globigii was demonstrated at levels as low as 8 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 6.2 x 10(4) cfu/mL, respectively. The assays presented here are very fast, as compared to previously published methods for measuring antibody-antigen interactions using microarrays (minutes versus hours). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 227 Z9 234 U1 9 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 21 BP 5681 EP 5687 DI 10.1021/ac025631l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 611QB UT WOS:000179028300039 PM 12433105 ER PT J AU Gilmore, CM Kim, J AF Gilmore, CM Kim, J TI Critical dimensions for YBCO islands grown by pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; STRAINED ISLANDS; TRANSITION; EPITAXY; SRTIO3 AB Islands of constant width at half maximum of approximately 100 nm have been observed during the pulsed laser deposition of films of nominal thickness from 0.7 to 3.0 nm of the material YBa2Cu3O7-delta(YBCO) on substrates of SrTiO3. The critical island dimensions of width, height and spacing were analyzed with classical kinetic and thermodynamic theories. Analytically it was calculated that the equilibrium island width for a 29-nm-high island should be 111 nm. The analysis also predicted that islands of smaller height should be wider, and higher islands should be narrower. Islands of height from 3.5 nm to 29 nm were observed with an atomic force microscope to have a constant width at half maximum of approximately 100 nm. There are several possible differences between experiment and analysis that could explain the difference in the results: the islands formed in a non-equilibrium phase of YBCO, the island strain relaxed from the base to the top, and smaller islands may not have reached their equilibrium width. Larger islands had significant roughening at the top. Calculations predict that these islands would be unstable with respect to surface perturbations. Calculations of relaxation strain energy and surface energy showed that there was excess strain energy available for island heights above 9 nm to provide the extra surface energy that would be necessary for surface perturbations to develop. The minimum observed interisland spacing of 36 nm agreed with calculations of the average atom diffusion length (40.6 nm). C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Inst Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Gilmore, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 75 IS 5 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1007/s003390101026 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 584YF UT WOS:000177495800004 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Menou, K Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Lupton, RH Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Tremonti, C Weinstein, MA Anderson, S Bahcall, NA Becker, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, M Eisenstein, D Fan, XH Finkbeiner, D Finlator, K Frieman, J Gunn, JE Hall, PB Kim, RSJ Kinkhabwala, A Narayanan, VK Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Strateva, I SubbaRao, M Thakar, AR Voges, W White, RL Yanny, B Brinkmann, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Munn, JA Nichol, RC York, DG AF Ivezic, Z Menou, K Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Lupton, RH Vanden Berk, DE Richards, GT Tremonti, C Weinstein, MA Anderson, S Bahcall, NA Becker, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, M Eisenstein, D Fan, XH Finkbeiner, D Finlator, K Frieman, J Gunn, JE Hall, PB Kim, RSJ Kinkhabwala, A Narayanan, VK Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Strateva, I SubbaRao, M Thakar, AR Voges, W White, RL Yanny, B Brinkmann, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Munn, JA Nichol, RC York, DG TI Optical and radio properties of extragalactic sources observed by the first survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : photometry; quasars : general; radio continuum ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; 1.4 GHZ; COMMISSIONING DATA; REDSHIFT SURVEY; QUASARS; GALAXIES; EMISSION; STARS AB We discuss the optical and radio properties of similar to30,000 FIRST (radio, 20 cm, sensitive to 1 mJy) sources positionally associated within 1."5 with a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) (optical, sensitive to r*similar to22.2) source in 1230 deg(2) of sky. The matched sample represents similar to30% of the 108,000 FIRST sources and 0.1% of the 2.5x10(7) SDSS sources in the studied region. SDSS spectra are available for 4300 galaxies and 1154 quasars from the matched sample and for a control sample of 140,000 galaxies and 20, 000 quasars in 1030 deg(2) of sky. Here we analyze only core sources, which dominate the sample; the fraction of SDSS-FIRST sources with complex radio morphology is determined to be less than 10%. This large and unbiased catalog of optical identifications provides much firmer statistical footing for existing results and allows several new findings. The majority (83%) of the FIRST sources identified with an SDSS source brighter than r*=21 are optically resolved; the fraction of resolved objects among the matched sources is a function of the radio flux, increasing from similar to50% at the bright end to similar to90% at the FIRST faint limit. Nearly all optically unresolved radio sources have nonstellar colors indicative of quasars. We estimate an upper limit of similar to5% for the fraction of quasars with broadband optical colors indistinguishable from those of stars. The distribution of quasars in the radio flux optical flux plane suggests the existence of the "quasar radio dichotomy" 8%+/-1% of all quasars with i*<18.5 are radio-loud, and this fraction seems independent of redshift and optical luminosity. The radio-loud quasars have a redder median color by 0.08&PLUSMN;0.02 mag, and show a 3 times larger fraction of objects with extremely red colors. FIRST galaxies represent 5% of all SDSS galaxies with r*<17.5, and 1% for r*<20, and are dominated by red (u*-r*>2.22) galaxies, especially those with r*>17.5. Magnitude- and redshift-limited samples show that radio galaxies have a different optical luminosity distribution than nonradio galaxies selected by the same criteria; when galaxies are further separated by their colors, this result remains valid for both blue and red galaxies. For a given optical luminosity and redshift, the observed optical colors of radio galaxies are indistinguishable from those of all SDSS galaxies selected by identical criteria. The distributions of radio-to-optical flux ratio are similar for blue and red galaxies in redshift-limited samples; this similarity implies that the difference in their luminosity functions and resulting selection effects are the dominant cause for the preponderance of red radio galaxies in flux-limited samples. The fraction of radio galaxies whose emission-line ratios indicate an AGN(30%), rather than starburst, origin is 6 times larger than the corresponding fraction for all SDSS galaxies (r*<17.5). We confirm that the AGN-to-starburst galaxy number ratio increases with radio flux and find that radio emission from AGNs is more concentrated than radio emission from starburst galaxies. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Finlator, Kristian/M-4809-2014 OI Finlator, Kristian/0000-0002-0496-1656 NR 73 TC 294 Z9 299 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 2364 EP 2400 DI 10.1086/344069 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607AL UT WOS:000178768200002 ER PT J AU Connolly, AJ Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Postman, M Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, R Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Connolly, AJ Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Postman, M Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, R Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI The angular correlation function of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of universe; methods : statistical ID FAINT GALAXIES; CATALOG; ESTIMATORS; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT; W(THETA); 2-POINT; DEEP AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is one of the first multicolor photometric and spectroscopic surveys designed to measure the statistical properties of galaxies within the local universe. In this paper we present some of the initial results on the angular two-point correlation function measured from the early SDSS galaxy data. The form of the correlation function, over the magnitude interval 18 < r* < 22, is shown to be consistent with results from existing wide-field, photographic-based surveys and narrower CCD galaxy surveys. On scales between 1' and 1degrees the correlation function is well described by a power law with an exponent of approximate to-0.7. The amplitude of the correlation function, within this angular interval, decreases with fainter magnitudes in good agreement with analysis from existing galaxy surveys. There is a characteristic break in the correlation function on scales of approximately 1degrees-2degrees. On small scales, < 1 0, the SDSS correlation function does not appear to be consistent with the power-law form fitted to the 1' < theta < 0.degrees 5 data. With a data set that is less than 2% of the full SDSS survey area, we have obtained high-precision measurements of the power-law angular correlation function on angular scales 1' < theta < 1 degrees, which are robust to systematic uncertainties. Because of the limited area and the highly correlated nature of the error covariance matrix, these initial results do not yet provide a definitive characterization of departures from the power-law form at smaller and larger angles. In the near future, however, the area of the SDSS imaging survey will be sufficient to allow detailed analysis of the small- and large-scale regimes, measurements of higher order correlations, and studies of angular clustering as a function of redshift and galaxy type. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Studies, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Connolly, AJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 100 Allen Hall,3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1086/342787 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607XZ UT WOS:000178817200005 ER PT J AU Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Frieman, JA Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Narayanan, V Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, T Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Richards, GT Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Scranton, R Johnston, D Dodelson, S Frieman, JA Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Kent, S Loveday, J Narayanan, V Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, T Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Richards, GT Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Analysis of systematic effects and statistical uncertainties in angular clustering of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of universe ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; POWER SPECTRUM; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; VARIANCE; CATALOG; EVOLUTION; W(THETA); OBJECTS AB The angular distribution of galaxies encodes a wealth of information about large-scale structure. Ultimately, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will record the angular positions of order of 10(8) galaxies in five bands, adding significantly to the cosmological constraints. This is the first in a series of papers analyzing a rectangular stripe of 2.degrees5 x 90degrees from early SDSS data. We present the angular correlation function for galaxies in four separate magnitude bins on angular scales ranging from 0.degrees003 to 15degrees. Much of the focus of this paper is on potential systematic effects. We show that the final galaxy catalog with the mask accounting for regions of poor seeing, reddening, bright stars, etc. is free from external and internal systematic effects for galaxies brighter than r* = 22. Our estimator of the angular correlation function includes the effects of the integral constraint and the mask. The full covariance matrix of errors in these estimates is derived using mock catalogs with further estimates using a number of other methods. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Scranton, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 51 TC 178 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 1 BP 48 EP 75 DI 10.1086/342786 PN 1 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607XZ UT WOS:000178817200006 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Winebarger, AR Hamilton, PS AF Warren, HP Winebarger, AR Hamilton, PS TI Hydrodynamic modeling of active region loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS; TRANSITION REGION; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; FLARING LOOPS; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; PLASMAS; TRACE AB Recent observations with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) have shown that many apparently cool (T-e similar to 1-1.5 MK) active region loops are much brighter and have flatter temperature profiles than static loop models predict. Observations also indicate that these loops can persist much longer than a characteristic cooling time. Using time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations, we explore the possibility that these active region loops are actually a collection of small-scale filaments that have been impulsively heated and are cooling through the TRACE 171 Angstrom (Fe IX/X) and 195 Angstrom (Fe XII) bandpasses. We find that an ensemble of independently heated filaments can be significantly brighter than a static uniformly heated loop and would have a flat filter ratio temperature when observed with TRACE. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hwarren@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamilton, Paul/E-7891-2015 OI Hamilton, Paul/0000-0001-6080-632X NR 21 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 1 BP L41 EP L44 DI 10.1086/344921 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607YB UT WOS:000178817400011 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, TT Shiota, D Sakajiri, T Akiyama, S Isobe, H Shibata, K AF Yamamoto, TT Shiota, D Sakajiri, T Akiyama, S Isobe, H Shibata, K TI Analysis of the temperature and emission measure of solar coronal arcades and test of a scaling law of flare/arcade loop length SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLARE TEMPERATURE; FILAMENT ERUPTION; STELLAR FLARES; YOHKOH; MODEL AB We analyze 17 arcades to study the relations between solar flares and arcades. Soft X-ray images taken with Yohkoh's soft X-ray telescope are used to derive T-0, EM0, and temporal variation of T-arc and EMarc, where T-arc and T-0 are the temperatures of an arcade and prearcade region and EMarc and EM0 are the volume emission measures of an arcade and prearcade region. It is found that T-0 similar to 2 MK and T-arc similar to 4 MK and T-arc similar to 4 MK. We also estimate prearcade coronal electron density n(0) and arcade electron density n(arc) to find that n(arc) is comparable to n(0) (n(arc) similar to n(0) similar to 10(8) cm(-3)). Using these observed EM, T, and n(0), we calculate the theoretical loop length L-theor based on the scaling law for solar and stellar flares derived by Shibata & Yokoyama and compare it with observed flare/arcade loop length L-obs. The result shows a good correlation between them (L-theor similar to L-obs) and indicates the need of plasma beta for the scaling law (L-theor proportional to EM(3/5)T(-8.5)n(0-2.5)beta(-6.5)). This supports the theory of the scaling law and is indirect evidence that flares and arcades are heated by the same magnetic reconnection mechanism. C1 Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kwasan & Hida Observ, Kyoto 6078471, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yamamoto, TT (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. OI Shiota, Daikou/0000-0002-9032-8792 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 579 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/345076 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 607YB UT WOS:000178817400012 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA Eissner, W AF Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA Eissner, W TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Fe XI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION AB Electron impact collision strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Fe XI. The data pertain to the 96 levels of the configurations 3s(2)3p(4), 3s3p(5), 3s(2)3p(3)3d, 3p(6), 3s(2)3p(3)4s, and 3s(2)3p(3)4d. Collision strengths are calculated at 10 incident electron energies: 1.0, 3.4, 6.0, 12.0, 15.0, 30.0, 45.0, 60.0, 75.0, and 90.0 Ry. These atomic data are generated to support the interpretation of spectra of astrophysical objects, which frequently contain emission lines from Fe XI and similar ions. This work supplements previous work published on Fe XI by extending the calculation of collision strengths and radiative decay rates to levels within n = 4 configurations. Relative spectral line intensities are calculated for all astrophysically important transitions. These are obtained by computing the excitation rate coefficients (cm(3) s(-1)), i.e., the collision strengths integrated over a Maxwellian electron distribution, and then solving the equations of detailed balance for the populations of the 96 energy levels, assuming a collisional excitation model and an electron temperature of 1.3 x 10(6) K. This temperature is typical for Fe XI when formed at equilibrium by collisional ionization and recombination. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative decay rates, level populations are computed for several electron densities. The calculation of line intensities and level populations includes proton excitation because hydrogen is the most abundant element in astrophysical plasmas relevant to Fe XI emission. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Theoret Phys, Peilinst, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 211 EP 255 DI 10.1006/adnd.2002.0885 PG 45 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 627JT UT WOS:000179930600002 ER PT J AU Welsh, ER Schauer, CL Qadri, SB Price, RR AF Welsh, ER Schauer, CL Qadri, SB Price, RR TI Chitosan cross-linking with a water-soluble, blocked diisocyinate. 1. Solid state SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; DEACETYLATED CHITINS; ISOCYANATES-III; SPECTROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR; FIBERS; FILMS AB The present investigation focuses on the synthesis and application of a cross-linking agent that is compatible with the solubility characteristics of chitosan. A water-soluble, blocked-diisocyanate was prepared as a bisulfite adduct to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, which proved to be stable for several weeks in aqueous, acidic chitosan solutions at room temperature. Thermal cross-linking of chitosan as cast, dried films was investigated by varying the NCO/NH2 ratio from 0.0 to 1.2. Spectroscopic (IR), thermal (TGA), swelling, and structural (WAXD) studies indicated that chitosan was cross-linked in a concentration-dependent manner under mild thermal conditions: 60 degreesC for 24 h. Cross-linking inefficiency was concluded to be due to lack of mobility of the reacting species in the solid state. In a preliminary study, the enzymatic degradation with Chitinase (E. C. 3.2.1.14) from Streptomyces griseus was found to be the greatest for non-crosslinked chitosan, followed by chitin, and then by cross-linked samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Price, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schauer, Caroline/A-1020-2007; Schauer, Caroline/D-5350-2013 NR 36 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1374 DI 10.1021/bm025625z PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 615GB UT WOS:000179236500031 PM 12425678 ER PT J AU O'Meara, WP Thiringer, JK Johnstone, PA AF O'Meara, WP Thiringer, JK Johnstone, PA TI Follow-up of H&N CA patients post-RT SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 84th Annual Meeting of the American-Radium-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL LAS CROABAS, PUERTO RICO SP American Radium Soc C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 MA P18 BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 629CB UT WOS:000180031900030 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PA Dernbach, AH AF Johnstone, PA Dernbach, AH TI Six sigma quality and delivery of radiation therapy SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 84th Annual Meeting of the American-Radium-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL LAS CROABAS, PUERTO RICO SP American Radium Soc C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 MA P44 BP 508 EP 508 DI 10.1097/00130404-200211000-00088 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 629CB UT WOS:000180031900055 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PA Noonan, DJ Hulick, PR AF Johnstone, PA Noonan, DJ Hulick, PR TI Facilitating quality in radiation oncology: 15 years of the American College of Radiology (ACR) practice accreditation program SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 84th Annual Meeting of the American-Radium-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL LAS CROABAS, PUERTO RICO SP American Radium Soc C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 MA P46 BP 509 EP 509 DI 10.1097/00130404-200211000-00090 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 629CB UT WOS:000180031900057 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF TI Anomalous defect diffusion near the glass transition SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CONDUCTING POLYMERS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; PRESSURE; LAW AB Anomalous diffusion is employed to model defect motion in materials near their glass transition temperature. Even though the motion of a single defect possesses no characteristic time scale the overall effect of a concentration of defects is to produce stretched exponential relaxation in the glass. This function has a well-defined time scale that depends on the concentration of mobile defects. In our model, the time scale diverges as the temperature is lowered, as well as, increasing with increasing pressure. We use the manner in which this time scale diverges to derive equations for conductivity, dielectric relaxation and viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure that are in good agreement with experimental data that we have checked for polymeric glassy materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, 800 N Qincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM shlesim@onr.navy.mil NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 284 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 311 EP 317 AR PII S0301-0104(02)00554-2 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(02)00554-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 613AN UT WOS:000179108100021 ER PT J AU Ma, DI Shirey, L McCarthy, D Thompson, A Qadri, SB Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Calvert, JM Kapur, R Brandow, SL AF Ma, DI Shirey, L McCarthy, D Thompson, A Qadri, SB Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Calvert, JM Kapur, R Brandow, SL TI Application of electroless nickel-boron films for high-selectivity pattern transfer processes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; REACTIVE ION ETCH; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FILMS; METAL-DEPOSITION; BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; IMAGING LAYERS; NI DEPOSITION; P FILMS; FABRICATION AB Electroless Ni exhibits excellent plasma etch resistance and has been successfully employed as a hard etch mask in the fabrication of microelectronic and microelectromechanical components and templates for contact printing and biomedical applications. The use of a catalytic agent to initiate electroless deposition is known to directly affect the microstructure and properties of the deposited metal and thus the etch resistance and potential pattern resolution. We have previously reported the development of tin-free colloidal Pd(II) electroless catalysts, which are suitable for initiating the deposition of patterned EL Ni films for use as plasma etch masks. In this work we examine the effect of the Pd(II) precursor on feature resolution, Ni plating rate, and etch resistance. The etch selectivity of deposited films is determined by real-time endpoint detection using laser reflectometry. Both film morphology and the formation of nickel silicides were found to impact the etch resistance in thin (<20 nm) films. Etch selectivity values exceeding 200:1 were observed for thicker EL Ni films on silicon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanoelect Prod Facil Code 6804, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sbrandow@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 14 IS 11 BP 4586 EP 4594 DI 10.1021/cm0202308 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 617TR UT WOS:000179377400020 ER PT J AU Lacy, MD Maguire, JD Barcus, MJ Ling, J Bangs, MJ Gramzinski, R Basri, H Sismadi, P Miller, GB Chulay, JD Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL Baird, JK AF Lacy, MD Maguire, JD Barcus, MJ Ling, J Bangs, MJ Gramzinski, R Basri, H Sismadi, P Miller, GB Chulay, JD Fryauff, DJ Hoffman, SL Baird, JK TI Atovaquone/Proguanil therapy for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesians who lack clinical immunity SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLOROQUINE; PRIMAQUINE; THAILAND AB Thirty-eight of 295 subjects participating in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of daily administration of atovaquone/proguanil for malaria prevention developed malaria at some time during the 20-week prophylaxis period. These subjects (3 atovaquone/proguanil recipients and 35 placebo recipients) were treated with 4 tablets of atovaquone/proguanil per day for 3 days. Atovaquone/proguanil provided safe, well-tolerated, and effective therapy for uncomplicated malaria in nonimmune Indonesians. C1 USN, Parasit Dis Program, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, Unit NAMRU 8132 2, FPO, AP 95620 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 9 BP E92 EP E95 DI 10.1086/343750 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 604VF UT WOS:000178641200023 PM 12384852 ER PT J AU McGrory, JE Trousdale, RT Pagnano, MW Nigbur, M AF McGrory, JE Trousdale, RT Pagnano, MW Nigbur, M TI Preoperative hip to ankle radiographs in total knee arthroplasty SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Knee-Society/Association of-Hip-and-Knee-Surgeons CY 2002 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Knee Soc, Assoc Hip & Knee Surgeons ID REPLACEMENT; ALIGNMENT AB Whether a preoperative long leg radiograph taken with the patient standing helps the surgeon reproduce a normal mechanical axis after total knee arthroplasty is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether a preoperative long leg radiograph helps to restore normal limb alignment after total knee arthroplasty. Ninety-four patients (124 primary total knee arthroplasties) were randomized to either receive or not receive a preoperative long leg standing radiograph. Patients with previous hip or ankle surgery, femoral or tibial fracture, deformity of 15degrees or greater, or those who were obese (body weight index > 40 kg/m(2)) were excluded. All arthroplasties were done by one surgeon. The angle of distal femoral resection varied between 5degrees and 8degrees (mean, 6.2degrees) among patients with long leg radiographs. In patients without long leg radiographs, the distal femur was cut at 5degrees. Long leg radiographs were obtained postoperatively in all patients and the mechanical axis was assessed, first by whether the mechanical axis fell within the central third of the knee, and second by the distance in millimeters that the mechanical axis fell from the knee center. No significant in the postoperative mechanical axis was detected between the two groups. Eighty-six percent of the patients with long leg preoperative radiographs and 92% of the patients without long leg preoperative radiographs had the mechanical axis pass through the central 1/3 of the knee. Preoperative hip to ankle long leg radiographs taken with the patient standing did not significantly help to obtain a neutral mechanical axis during routine total knee arthroplasty. C1 Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Trousdale, RT (reprint author), Mayo Clin, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 IS 404 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1097/01.blo.0000030495.43495.ad PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 615XR UT WOS:000179273100032 PM 12439260 ER PT J AU Lanzagorta, M AF Lanzagorta, M TI Interactive visualization of a high-resolution reconstruction of the moon SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1046600 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 608XL UT WOS:000178873000012 ER PT J AU Mied, RP Cooper, AL Lindemann, GJ Sletten, MA AF Mied, RP Cooper, AL Lindemann, GJ Sletten, MA TI Wave propagation along freely propagating surface gravity current fronts SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE tidal plumes; surface fronts; breaking frontal waves; cusp-and-trough morphology; Chesapeake bay ID BAY OUTFLOW PLUME; RIVER PLUME; BUOYANT; LAYER; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB This work deals with the propagation and evolution of disturbances which move along freely propagating two-dimensional gravity current fronts. Examples of evolving perturbations on fronts a)e displayed in real-aperture radar images of gravity currents in the coastal zone. The theory of Cooper et al. (2001), which is based upon the ray tube formulation of Whitham (1974), is employed to simulate disturbances of the sort seen in this imagery and in the larger body of literature. Initial anomalies in both shape and velocity are introduced and allowed to evolve, and several types of new and interesting behaviors emerge. Shape perturbations of the form x = a sech deltay evolve into two anomalies, which separate in time as they propagate in opposite directions along the front. When the value of a is increased, the disturbances, which propagate along the gravity current, can break, forming breaking frontal waves (BFWs). These manifest themselves as sharp angular features to either side of the main bulge. Two types of velocity disturbances are employed. The first has the form U = U-0(1 + (a) over cap sech deltay), and evolves to preserve a single frontal bulge that increases in amplitude and width as it propagates. Here again, large values of (a) over cap result in BFWs. In this case, they replicate the general behavior present in the imagery. The second type of velocity perturbation used is U = U-0 (1 + (a) over cap cos deltay). The smallest values of a generate no BFWs, but yield fronts which oscillate in space and time. Larger values produce a string of BFWs which are qualitatively similar to the cusp-and-trough morphology observed so frequently in nature. The largest values of a allow the gravity current to form a string of large, bulbous structures which intersect one another as they propagate forward and spread laterally. And finally, we make an effort to correlate the results of the simulations with the shapes seen in radar and visible imagery in the literature. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mied, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 81 AR PII S0377-0265(02)00025-8 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(02)00025-8 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 604WF UT WOS:000178643500005 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Chen, XL Wu, CH AF Chen, JC Chen, XL Wu, CH TI Ecological optimization of a multi-stage irreversible combined refrigeration system SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE combined refrigeration cycle; irreversibility; ecological optimization ID GENERAL PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATOR; TIME HEAT ENGINES; 3-HEAT-SOURCE REFRIGERATOR; ENDOREVERSIBLE ENGINES; CYCLE SYSTEM; CARNOT CYCLE; CRITERION; OUTPUT AB A universal irreversible refrigeration cycle model which includes the irreversibility of heat transfer across finite temperature differences, the heat leak loss between the external heat reservoirs and the internal irreversibility of the working fluid is used to analyze the performance of a multi-stage combined refrigeration system. The ecological function is taken as an objective function for optimization. The maximum ecological function, its corresponding coefficient of performance, rate of refrigeration and rate of entropy production are determined. The optimal problems relative to the ecological function are discussed. Some characteristic curves of the refrigeration system are presented. The results obtained here are suitable for an arbitrary stage irreversible combined refrigeration system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. RI Chen, JC/G-4088-2010 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 43 IS 17 BP 2379 EP 2393 AR PII S0196-8904(01)00176-5 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00176-5 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 577QT UT WOS:000177073600010 ER PT J AU Julier, S Bishop, G AF Julier, S Bishop, G TI Tracking: How hard can it be? SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT Adv Engn Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Julier, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ITT Adv Engn Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP 22 EP 23 DI 10.1109/MCG.2002.1046625 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 608KJ UT WOS:000178844800006 ER PT J AU Therrien, CW AF Therrien, CW TI The Lee-Wiener legacy SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Therrien, CW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 19 IS 6 BP 33 EP 44 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 609DZ UT WOS:000178889500004 ER PT J AU Ives, RW Magotra, N Stearns, SD AF Ives, RW Magotra, N Stearns, SD TI Effects of multiple-pass filtering in lossless predictive compression of waveform data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive signal processing; data compression; decorrelation; seismic waveform AB This paper presents the effects of the predictive filtering of waveform data in multiple passes as the first stage of a two-stage lossless compression algorithm. Predictive compression has a proven track record when applied to high dynamic range waveform data, wherein the waveform data are input to a linear predictor or perhaps an adaptive predictor for decorrelation, and the resultant residue is then subjected to an entropy coder to (ideally) represent the signal with a minimum number of bits. This compression is commonly applied with no loss of information. In this work, an adaptive filter is used for prediction, but instead of a single run through the predictor, the residue is continually passed back through the predictor in an attempt to further decorrelate the residue. Multiple passes of a gradient adaptive lattice filter has given the best decorrelation, yielding improved compression ratios. We run the compression technique on a seismic database, then provide some comparative lossless compression results using several coding schemes and show that using multiple-pass predictive filtering can improve the compression rates attainable. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2448 EP 2453 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.805081 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 636ZJ UT WOS:000180486900011 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Alm, RA Hu, L Hickey, TE Ewing, CP Batchelor, RA Trust, TJ Guerry, P AF Bacon, DJ Alm, RA Hu, L Hickey, TE Ewing, CP Batchelor, RA Trust, TJ Guerry, P TI DNA sequence and mutational analyses of the pVir plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GENOME SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLAGELLIN GENES; CRYPTIC PLASMID; CELLS; VIRULENCE; INVASION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI-81-176 AB The circular pVir plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 was determined to be 37,468 nucleotides in length with a G+C content of 26%. A total of 83% of the plasmid represented coding information, and all but 2 of the 54 predicted open reading frames were encoded on the same DNA strand. There were seven genes on the plasmid in a continguous region of 8.9 kb that encoded orthologs of type IV secretion proteins found in Helicobacter pylori, including four that have been described previously (D. J. Bacon, R. A. Alm, D. H. Burr, L. Hu, D. J. Kopecko, C. P. Ewing, T. J. Trust, and P. Guerry, Infect. Immun. 68:4384-4390, 2000). There were seven other pVir-encoded proteins that showed significant similarities to proteins encoded by the plasticity zones of either H. pylori J99 or 26695. Mutational analyses of 19 plasmid genes identified 5 additional genes that affect in vitro invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. These included one additional gene encoding a component of a type IV secretion system, an ortholog of Cj0041 from the chromosome of C. jejuni NCTC 11168, two Campylobacter plasmid-specific genes, and an ortholog of HP0996 from the plasticity zone of H. pylori 26695. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 42 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 70 IS 11 BP 6242 EP 6250 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6242-6250.2002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605JQ UT WOS:000178675100040 PM 12379703 ER PT J AU Borca-Tasciuc, T Song, DW Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Yang, MJ Nosho, BZ Whitman, LJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU Turner, GW Manfra, MJ Chen, G AF Borca-Tasciuc, T Song, DW Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Yang, MJ Nosho, BZ Whitman, LJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU Turner, GW Manfra, MJ Chen, G TI Thermal conductivity of AlAs0.07Sb0.93 and Al0.9Ga0.1As0.07Sb0.93 alloys and (AlAs)(1)/(AlSb)(11) digital-alloy superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; INAS/ALSB SUPERLATTICES; 3-OMEGA METHOD; PHONON; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS; EFFICIENCY; PARAMETERS AB A differential 3omega technique is employed to determine the thermal conductivity of the AlAs0.07Sb0.93 ternary alloy, the Al0.9Ga0.1As0.07Sb0.93 quaternary alloy, and an (AlAs)(1)/(AlSb)(11) digital-alloy superlattice. Between 80 and 300 K, the thermal conductivities for all three samples are relatively insensitive to temperature. The thermal conductivity of the (AlAs)(1)/(AlSb)(11) superlattice is smaller than that of the AlAs0.07Sb0.93 ternary alloy, but much larger than the predictions of a model for phonon transport across the superlattice interfaces. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Borca-Tasciuc, T (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 4994 EP 4998 DI 10.1063/1.1506194 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 607AA UT WOS:000178767200021 ER PT J AU Klein, PB AF Klein, PB TI Photoionization spectroscopy in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; GAN; TRAPS; HEMTS AB A model is developed to describe the light-induced restoration of the drain current from current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. The model assumes that the collapse results from a transfer at large drain bias of hot carriers from the gate-drain region of the two-dimensional electron gas to deep traps in the high-resistivity GaN layer. Application of the model provides a means of determining the photoionization cross sections and the areal densities of the responsible traps. Where multiple trapping species are involved, it is shown that photoinduced transitions between trapping sites can significantly alter the response of the drain current to light illumination, and must therefore be taken into account. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 5498 EP 5502 DI 10.1063/1.1510564 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 607AA UT WOS:000178767200098 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ TI A new class of flexible energetic salts - Part 7: The structures of the guanidinium and hydroxyguanidinium salts of dinitramide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE hydroxyguanidinium structures; guanidinium structures; dinitramide structures; energetic materials ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB The crystal structures of two amine base salts of dinitramide, the guanidinium 1, and the hydroxyguanidinium 2, have been determined. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with cell dimensions a = 8.325(2) Angstrom, b = 9.301(2) Angstrom, c = 9.868(2) Angstrom, alpha = 84.73(3)degrees, beta = 69.25(3)degrees, gamma = 67.55(3)degrees, while 2 crystallizes in the noncentric monoclinic space group Pc with cell dimensions a = 7.098(2) Angstrom, b = 3.5160(10) Angstrom, c = 14.358(3) Angstrom, beta = 98.940(10)degrees. The structures of 1 and 2 contain protonated amine cations and dinitramide anions linked by hydrogen bonding. In both structures the conformations adopted by the dinitramine anions can be related to the types of hydrogen bonds it forms with the surrounding amine cations. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1023/A:1021196826824 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 616UX UT WOS:000179322700007 ER PT J AU Brooks, DE Graeme, KA Ruha, AM Tanen, DA AF Brooks, DE Graeme, KA Ruha, AM Tanen, DA TI Respiratory compromise in patients with rattlesnake envenomation SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE respiratory compromise; rattlesnake envenomation; intubation; antivenin ID CROTALUS-SCUTULATUS-SCUTULATUS; ARIZONA; BITE AB Respiratory compromise after rattlesnake envenomation (RSE) is an uncommon yet potentially lethal complication. We were interested in determining the frequency of respiratory compromise in patients treated for RSE. The incidence and indications for intubation were also determined. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients treated by medical toxicologists at a tertiary referral hospital between July, 1994 and November, 2000. Out of 294 total patients, 289 charts were reviewed. Of all 289 patients, 214 (74%) received Crotalidae Polyvalent Antivenin (Wyeth-Ayerst) and 23 (8%) had clinical evidence of respiratory compromise. Thirteen of 289 patients (4.4%) were intubated following RSE. No one was intubated for antivenin-induced complications. There were no deaths among studied patients during acute hospitalization. Respiratory compromise following RSE is rare, occurring in only 8% of studied patients. Only 2 patients (0.7%) required intubation as a direct consequence of RSE. No one required intubation for antivenin-induced hypersensitivity reactions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ruha, AM (reprint author), Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med Toxicol, 925 E McDowell Rd,2nd Floor, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 329 EP 332 AR PII S0736-4679(02)00573-5 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(02)00573-5 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 624LP UT WOS:000179761400002 PM 12480008 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EC Gelles, MG AF Ritchie, EC Gelles, MG TI Psychological autopsies: The current Department of Defense effort to standardize training and quality assurance SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Acad Forensic Sci DE forensic science; suicide; psychological autopsies; equivocal deaths AB Psychological autopsies have been gathered by the US military for a long time, both for lessons learned after a known suicide and to investigate an equivocal death. The term "psychological autopsies" is now being restricted to define an investigation by mental health to help determine, in an equivocal death, if the manner of death is a homicide, suicide, an accident, or from natural causes. The Department of Defense has developed policy, and is now implementing training and peer review. A sample model curriculum, report format and quality assurance standards are included. C1 Dept Def Hlth Affairs, Mental Hlth Policy & Womens Issues, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. USN, Criminal Investigat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Ritchie, EC (reprint author), Dept Def Hlth Affairs, Mental Hlth Policy & Womens Issues, Skyline 5,Suite 601,5111 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1372 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 613BM UT WOS:000179111100028 PM 12455666 ER PT J AU Kawa, SR Bevilacqua, RM Margitan, JJ Douglass, AR Schoeberl, MR Hoppel, KW Sen, B AF Kawa, SR Bevilacqua, RM Margitan, JJ Douglass, AR Schoeberl, MR Hoppel, KW Sen, B TI Interaction between dynamics and chemistry of ozone in the setup phase of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; stratosphere; vortex; dynamics; chemistry ID PLANETARY WAVE BREAKING; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MIDDLE STRATOSPHERE; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; TRACER TRANSPORT; ARCTIC WINTER; HIGH-LATITUDE; NOVEMBER 1994 AB [1] The morphology and evolution of the stratospheric ozone (O-3) distribution at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are examined for the late summer and fall seasons of 1999. This time period sets the O-3 initial condition for the SOLVE/THESEO field mission performed during winter 1999/2000. In situ and satellite data are used along with a three-dimensional model of chemistry and transport (CTM) to determine the key processes that control the distribution of O-3 in the lower-to-middle stratosphere. O-3 in the vortex at the beginning of the winter season in late November is found to be nearly constant from 500 to above 800 K with a value at 3 ppmv +/- similar to10%. Values outside the vortex above 550 K are up to a factor of 2 higher and increase significantly with potential temperature. The seasonal time series of data from POAM shows that the relatively low O-3 mixing ratios, which characterize the vortex in late November, are already present at high latitudes at the end of summer in mid-September before the vortex circulation sets up. Analysis of the CTM output shows that the minimum O3 and increase in variance in the middle stratosphere in late summer are the result of (1) stirring of polar concentric O-3 gradients by nascent wave-driven transport and (2) an acceleration of net photochemical loss with decreasing solar illumination. The segregation of low O-3 mixing ratios into the vortex as the circulation strengthens through the fall suggests a possible feedback role between O3 chemistry and the vortex formation dynamics that may need to be better understood in order to make confident predictions of the recovery of NH O-3 at high latitudes. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Kawa, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kawa@maia.gsfc.nasa.gov; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; jjm@caesar.jpl.nasa.gov; douglass@persephone.gsfc.nasa.gov; schom@zephyr.gsfc.nasa.gov; karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil; sen@caesar.jpl.nasa.gov RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012 NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 108 IS D5 AR 8310 DI 10.1029/2001JD001527 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643PR UT WOS:000180870100003 ER PT J AU Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Randall, CE AF Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Randall, CE TI POAM III retrieval algorithm and error analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE retrieval algorithm; remote sensing; occultation; error analysis ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; POLAR OZONE; A-BAND; 760 NM; TEMPERATURE; INSTRUMENT; VALIDATION; SPECTRUM AB This paper describes the operational version 3 algorithms used to analyze data from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument. We include a thorough discussion of both the forward model and retrieval algorithms, including the algorithms used to derive altitude information and normalize the measured radiances to produce atmospheric transmission profiles. The operational POAM III algorithms retrieve O-3, NO2, H2O, and O-2 (or total) density, as well as aerosol extinction between 353 and 1018 nm. All atmospheric species are retrieved simultaneously using the technique of optimal estimation. The conversion of transmission data to geophysical profiles is achieved via a two-step process, beginning with a spectral inversion to partition the various gas and aerosol components of the measured slant optical depth, followed by a spatial inversion to produce altitude profiles of gas density and aerosol extinction from the path-integrated quantities. A formal error analysis is also presented, yielding estimates of the total random error budget for the retrieved profiles. In addition to the theoretical error analysis, we present results from empirical analyses that quantify error components due to aerosol feedback in the gas retrievals, as well as sunspot artifacts that are sometimes present in the data. Finally, we present a quantitative retrieval characterization based on analysis of the full retrieval averaging kernel matrix. This matrix is used to calculate vertical resolution profiles for all retrieved species, as well as to quantify the information content of the retrievals, including the a priori weighting in the retrievals, the coupling between the various retrieval species, and the spectral resolution of the aerosol retrievals. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lumpe, JD (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Suite 210,8001 Braddock Rd, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM lumpe@cpi.com RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D21 AR 4575 DI 10.1029/2002JD002137 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643KK UT WOS:000180860300027 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Siskind, DE AF McCormack, JP Siskind, DE TI Simulations of the quasi-biennial oscillation and its effect on stratospheric H2O, CH4, and age of air with an interactive two-dimensional model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE QBO; water; vapor; methane; stratosphere ID OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT DATA; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; HALOE OBSERVATIONS; TRACE GASES; ZONAL WIND; TRANSPORT; OZONE AB A zonally averaged photochemical-dynamical model of the middle atmosphere is used to simulate the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and its effect on the distributions of stratospheric H2O, CH4, and age of air. Changes in planetary wave amplitudes of +/-25% cause 2-3 month changes in QBO period. Comparable changes in prescribed tropical heating have a smaller effect on the QBO period. The response of tropical upwelling, and QBO period, to changes in extratropical forcing depends on the magnitude and location of the imposed changes. In the Southern Hemisphere, where the planetary wave forcing is smaller than in the Northern Hemisphere, increased forcing produces stronger equatorial upwelling and a longer QBO period. In the Northern Hemisphere, increased forcing produces weaker upwelling and a shorter QBO period due to the larger amplitude waves becoming saturated. Overall, the effect of the QBO is to produce a slightly younger mean age of air near the tropical stratopause due to the model not exactly reproducing the strength and duration of the observed westerly wind shear. The QBO in lower stratospheric H2O, but not CH4, results primarily from meridional circulation anomalies superimposed upon background gradients in H2O mixing ratio that are maintained by the annual cycle in lower stratospheric H2O. QBO modulation of horizontal eddy transport plays a much smaller role. A realistic annual cycle in equatorial H2O mixing ratio at the model tropopause produces a QBO variation in lower stratospheric H2O of 0.1-0.2 ppmv. The effect of the QBO on model tropical tropopause temperatures doubles the amplitude of the water vapor QBO at 20 km. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccormack@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 4625 DI 10.1029/2002JD002141 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643NN UT WOS:000180867500023 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE AF Siskind, DE TI Comment on "Solar-atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE), 3, Comparisons of simulations and observations, 1979-1997, issues and implications" by Linwood B. Callis et al. SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material DE odd nitrogen; stratospheric ozone; energetic electrons; mesospheric transport ID TRANSPORT C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@uap2.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 4633 DI 10.1029/2001JD001141 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643NN UT WOS:000180867500033 ER PT J AU Steele, HM Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Turco, RP AF Steele, HM Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Turco, RP TI Role of temperature history in polar stratospheric cloud sightings SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; POAM-II; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; SULFATE AEROSOLS; WATER-UPTAKE; SAGE-II; OZONE; GROWTH; HNO3; DROPLETS AB In this paper, aerosol data from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) satellites between 1994 and 1998 are used to explore the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the Antarctic winter stratosphere. Multiwavelength aerosol extinction data are combined to yield aerosol volume density which is compared with that generated from theoretical equilibrium models for nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles and supercooled ternary solution (STS) droplets at 30 mb. As winter progresses, PSC volume falls, a strong indication of stratospheric denitrification or dehydration. Six-day isentropic back trajectories are generated from each of the POAM observation locations and are used to examine the recent temperature history of the aerosols. Statistical studies are carried out using multiple regression to determine whether temperature history plays a role in NAT cloud formation. We are unable to identify any factors which unquestionably affect the formation of PSCs at and just below the NAT condensation temperature, although the probability of PSC occurrence at this temperature is higher in air that had previously been colder. There is no significant evidence found for preferential cloud occurrence based upon the length of time that the aerosols were below the NAT condensation point. We conclude from this study that factors, other than temperature and temperature history, are partially responsible for the formation of NAT PSCs. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Geog, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Steele, HM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Geog, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM helen.m.cox@csun.edu NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 4618 DI 10.1029/2001JD001261 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643NN UT WOS:000180867500016 ER PT J AU Mied, RP Handler, RA Donato, TF AF Mied, RP Handler, RA Donato, TF TI Regions of estuarine convergence at high Rossby number: A solution in estuaries with elliptical cross sections SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE elliptical bathymetry; estuaries; convergences; tides ID COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; WELL-MIXED ESTUARY; AXIAL CONVERGENCE; FRONTS; SURFACE; FLOW AB [1] Generation of convergence regions in homogeneous rotating rectilinear estuaries is addressed. The mechanism investigated is the tilting of the planetary vorticity by the vertical shear of the along-estuary flow, which can result in rapidly growing surface convergence regions aligned along the axis of the estuary. The complexity introduced by the bathymetry geometry and the nonlinearity of the equations has resulted in computationally intensive numerical solutions to this problem [Mied et al., 2000; Handler et al., 2001]. However, an analytical solution that will allow the study of varying parameters and the observation of general trends is possible with a judicious choice of bottom bathymetry and appropriate analytical simplifications. The equations for the along-channel flow (V) and the cross-channel stream function (psi) become independent in the limit of vanishingly small rotation or large Rossby number. Consequently, we express them as an asymptotic series in the reciprocal of the Rossby number (1/Ro), and find that the choice of an elliptically shaped bottom profile allows us to solve for the leading order terms. The steady along-channel flow is a Poiseuille flow on a nonrotating Earth, while the related cross-channel response is a closed circulation cell with a clockwise rotation when looking in the direction of the along-channel flow. A salient result is that the associated cross-channel surface convergence is proportional to the Coriolis parameter (f), the maximum along-channel velocity, and the aspect ratio (depth/width) of the channel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS C11 AR 3206 DI 10.1029/2001JC001050 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638KP UT WOS:000180570400027 ER PT J AU Prasad, TG Ikeda, M AF Prasad, TG Ikeda, M TI A numerical study of the seasonal variability of Arabian Sea high-salinity water SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Arabian Sea; ASHSW; salt budget; horizontal advection; water masses; freshwater flux ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CLOSURE-MODEL; MONSOON; DYNAMICS; MASS AB [1] Using a level 2 three-dimensional turbulent closure model, the physical processes affecting the upper-ocean salinity budget in the Arabian Sea have been studied with particular focus on the seasonal variability of the Arabian Sea High-Salinity Water (ASHSW). The volume integrated salt budget terms for four subdomains in the Arabian Sea (south of 10.5degreesN, north of 10.5degreesN, east of 62.5degreesE, and west of 62.5degreesE) shows a clear balance between the horizontal advection and evaporative freshwater loss in the annual mean. The horizontal advection dominates the seasonal cycle in salinity. The seasonal balance is clear, when the terms of the salt budget are integrated between 10.5degreesN and 2.5degreesN and east of 62.5degreesE. In these subdomains the two major episodes of horizontal advection during winter and summer are both associated with the seasonal reversal of the Arabian Sea circulation. Model estimation of the upper-ocean salinity budget terms integrated between the surface and 100 m for the winter and summer monsoons agree with a qualitative description of the ASHSW variability. After formation in the northern Arabian Sea during the winter monsoon, the ASHSW spreads predominantly southward along the eastern boundary during the summer monsoon. Advection causes salinity to increase by 1.0 kg m(-2) day(-1) along these regions. At this time, the poleward advection of low-salinity water from the south (and upwelling regions) by the Somali current causes the salinity along the western Arabian Sea to decrease by 0.6 kg m(-2) day(-1). During the winter monsoon, westward advection of the fresher Bay of Bengal water by the North Equatorial current (NEC) causes a salinity decrease by similar to1.0 kg m(-2) day(-1) in the region south of 10.5degreesN. The combined effect of precipitation and evaporation tends to increase the salinity in the Arabian Sea, and horizontal advection is found to be important for maintaining the observed seasonal cycle. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Div Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Prasad, TG (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS C11 AR 3197 DI 10.1029/2001JC001139 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638KP UT WOS:000180570400018 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Evans, TE AF Shen, CY Evans, TE TI Dynamically constrained projection for subsurface current velocity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE velocity projection; data assimilation; coastal current; HF radar; nowcast ID HF RADAR; SURFACE; ASSIMILATION AB [1] An approach is described that projects surface current observations downward to obtain subsurface current structure consistent with the interior current dynamics. The projection approach is unrestricted by water depth. However, this study emphasizes well-mixed constant density flow in water depths appropriate for mid and outer shelf, where viscous and inertial processes are comparably important. By means of twin experiments, in which the projected current profiles are compared to the known simulated current profiles, it is shown that both the projection time step and the time domain affect the accuracy of the projection. At minimum, the time domain needs to span the dominant period of current oscillation while the time step resolves this oscillation. When both are achieved, the projected current profiles converge to the simulated profiles, and this convergence can be faster than that by assimilating surface observations to correct model spin-up from an inaccurately known initial condition. Furthermore, the projection is shown to be robust in the presence of data noise, and with appropriate weighting of the data constraints, the effect of noise on the projection accuracy can be minimized. In the present projection problem, the sea surface slope is assumed unknown and obtained together with the current profile. The use of variable eddy viscosity in velocity projection is illustrated as well with an iterative procedure. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS C11 AR 3203 DI 10.1029/2001JC001036 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 638KP UT WOS:000180570400024 ER PT J AU Burlaga, LF Ness, NF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Burlaga, LF Ness, NF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Heliospheric magnetic field strength and polarity from 1 to 81 AU during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic field; heliospheric structure; sector zone; polarity; Voyager ID NORTH-SOUTH FLOWS; WIND SPEED; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; SECTOR STRUCTURE; CURRENT SHEET; HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; VOYAGER-2 OBSERVATIONS; DISTANT HELIOSPHERE; INTERACTION REGIONS; OUTER HELIOSPHERE AB [1] The Voyager 1 (V1) observations of the heliospheric magnetic field strength B agree with Parker's model of the global heliospheric magnetic field from 1 to 81.0 AU and from 1978 to 2001.34 when one considers the solar cycle variations in the source magnetic field strength and the latitude/time variation in the solar wind speed. In particular, Parker's model, without adjustable parameters, describes the general tendency for B to decrease with increasing distance R from the Sun, the three broad increases of B around 1980, 1990, and 2000, and the minima of B in 1987 and 1997. During 1987 and 1997, B appears to be lower than Parker's model predicts, but that can be attributed to the presence of a heliospheric vortex street at these times and/or uncertainty in the observations. There is no evidence for a significant flux deficit increasing monotonically from 1 to 81.0 AU. By extrapolating these results and considering the limitations of the observations, V1 should continue to make useful measurements during the next few years at least. The magnetic field polarity in the distant heliosphere at V1 and Voyager 2 (V2) changed during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23. In the Northern Hemisphere, V1 observed a decrease in the percentage of positive polarities from; approximate to100% during 1997 to approximate to50% during 2000. In the Southern Hemisphere, V2 observed the opposite behavior, an increase in the percentage of positive polarities from approximate to0% during 1997 to approximate to50% during 2000. The variation of magnetic polarity observed by V1 and V2 was caused by the increasing latitudinal width of the sector zone with increasing solar activity, which in turn was related to the increasing maximum latitudinal extent and the decreasing minimum latitudinal extent of the footprints of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). There was a tendency for the speed and proton temperature to decrease and the density to increase at V2 from 1997 (when it observed flows from polar coronal holes) to 2001 (when it observed more complex and dynamic flows). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Mail Code 692,Bldg 2,Rm 127, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM burlaga@lepvax.gsfc; nfness@bartol.udel.edu; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 66 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 107 IS A11 AR 1410 DI 10.1029/2001JA009217 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634UU UT WOS:000180360500077 ER PT J AU Vaughan, WC Easley, DH Lavoie, DL AF Vaughan, WC Easley, DH Lavoie, DL TI Averaging pore statistics of two-dimensional images for predicting permeability SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Darcy's law; estuaries; imaging techniques; marine clays; numerical models; permeability; permeameters; sediment ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Effective medium theory (EMT) was employed to estimate permeability of fine-grained estuarine sediments. X-radiographs were taken of sediment cores collected in the field and from laboratory aquaria, designed to mimic the benthic environment of an estuary. Image analysis of two-dimensional X rays provided values of pore parameters required by the EMT model, which include pore body and throat radii, pore throat length, porosity, and the interconnectivity of pores. Values of these parameters were used to quantitatively calculate permeability based upon Darcy's law. The EMT model with an arithmetic mean for averaging pore parameters predicted permeability I order of magnitude higher than measured values. The harmonic mean for averaging pore parameters in the EMT model provided estimates of permeability similar to measured values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Vaughan, WC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Bldg 1005,Code 7431, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2002 VL 128 IS 11 BP 1002 EP 1007 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:11(1002) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 609QM UT WOS:000178916500005 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Phase distribution of small-scale ocean surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PARASITIC CAPILLARY WAVES; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; INTERNAL WAVES; GEORGIA STRAIT; MODULATION; BREAKING; CANADA AB Remote sensing is becoming an important tool for oceanographic research. As the resolution of remote sensors is becoming comparable to the wavelength of dominant ocean surface waves, the usual assumption of homogeneous surface roughness is no longer adequate. In this paper, laboratory data of surface wave displacement and small-scale surface roughness (wavelength 0.004-0.10 m) measured by a scanning slope sensor are analyzed. The results show that higher intensity of surface roughness occurs at the upwind quadrant of the wave crests of background waves. Over a wide wind speed range, the maximum surface roughness is located close to the maximum of surface velocity divergence. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2977 EP 2987 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<2977:PDOSSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 608FD UT WOS:000178834000001 ER PT J AU Tilburg, CE Hurlburt, HE O'Brien, JJ Shriver, JF AF Tilburg, CE Hurlburt, HE O'Brien, JJ Shriver, JF TI Remote topographic forcing of a baroclinic western boundary current: An explanation for the Southland Current and the pathway of the subtropical front east of New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MODEL; SEA; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; 1/8-DEGREES AB The Southland Current is a western boundary current adjacent to the South Island of New Zealand and flows along a segment of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical front (STF). The physical mechanisms that govern the behavior of this current and other portions of the STF and subantarctic front (SAF) are investigated using one regional and three global ocean simulations. The three global ocean simulations used in this study are a 1 1/2-layer reduced-gravity linear simulation, a six-layer nonlinear flat-bottom simulation, and a six-layer nonlinear simulation that incorporates vertically compressed, but otherwise realistic, bottom topography confined to the abyssal layer. All three simulations have horizontal spacings of 1/8degrees and are forced with climatological-mean monthly wind stress data. The regional simulation has a horizontal spacing of 1/2degrees and contains two layers, with an idealized bottom topography. The only forcing is supplied by inflow and outflow ports. The pathway of the SAF is shown to be strongly influenced by a barotropic response of the associated flow to bottom topography. Currents associated with the SAF flow along the southern edge of the Campbell Plateau, a large submarine platform southeast of New Zealand. In contrast, the location of the Southland Current and the pathway of the STF east of New Zealand are due to remote forcing of upper-ocean currents by topographically constrained abyssal currents. Whereas most western boundary currents can be described as responses of the ocean to interior Sverdrup flow with some modification, analysis of the numerical simulations within this study shows that the Southland Current is due to a completely different formation mechanism. The presence of the Southland Current and the STF east of New Zealand are instead due to a combination of northward topographic steering of surface-layer thickness gradients approximately 128 east of New Zealand and westward propagation of these perturbed gradients. A portion of the abyssal flow associated with the SAF is shown to form a topographically constrained deep western boundary current (DWBC). This DWBC follows the edge of the Campbell Plateau, eventually flowing generally northward. When the surface zonal flow associated with the STF southeast of New Zealand encounters this meridional abyssal flow, it is advected northward, creating an imbalance in the potential vorticity within the flow. In an attempt to conserve potential vorticity, the perturbed surface-layer thickness gradients propagate westward until they encounter New Zealand's South Island, at which point they form the observed Southland Current. Transport associated with the STF thus flows northward along South Island, eastward along the Chatham Rise, and southward once east of the rise. This formation mechanism and the downstream behavior of the STF are illustrated in a simplified regional simulation that reproduces the pathway of the STF and the location of the western boundary current extremely well. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NASA, Naval Res Lab, John C Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Tilburg, CE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Phys Ocean Sci & Engn Program, 102 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 3216 EP 3232 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3216:RTFOAB>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 608FD UT WOS:000178834000017 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Liu, QY Jia, YL Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Liu, QY Jia, YL Fan, CW TI Evidence of a barrier layer in the Sulu and Celebes Seas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN MIXED-LAYER; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; DEPTH; MODEL AB Variability in the surface isothermal and mixed layers of the Sulu and Celebes Seas is examined using the conductivity-temperature-depth data from the Navy's Master Oceanographic Observational Data Set (MOODS). Vertical gradient is calculated to determine isothermal layer depth with a criterion of 0.05degreesC m(-1) for temperature profiles and mixed layer depth with a criterion of 0.015 kg m(-4) for density profiles. When the isothermal layer depth is larger than the mixed layer depth, the barrier layer occurs. This study shows that the barrier layer occurs often in the Sulu and Celebes Seas. In the Sulu Sea, the barrier layer has seasonal variability with a minimum occurrence (38%) and a minimum thickness (3 m) in May and a maximum occurrence (94%) and a maximum thickness (36.5 m) in September. In the Celebes Sea, the barrier layer thickness changes from a maximum (49.7-62.0 m) in March-April to a minimum (9.6 m) in June. Possible mechanisms responsible for the barrier layer formation are discussed. In the Sulu Sea, the barrier layer may be formed by both rainfall and stratification; in the Celebes Sea, a rain-formed mechanism seems a major factor. C1 USN, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ocean Univ Qingdao, Ocean Atmosphere Interact & Climate Lab, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 32 IS 11 BP 3299 EP 3309 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3299:EOABLI>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 608FD UT WOS:000178834000023 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI Apostles of disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the causes of the Civil War SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 952 EP 953 DI 10.2307/3069808 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 614GL UT WOS:000179179900035 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Pureza, P Kung, FH Aggarwal, ID AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Pureza, P Kung, FH Aggarwal, ID TI Fabrication of arsenic selenide optical fiber with low hydrogen impurities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FIBERS; IR AB Arsenic selenide glass optical fibers typically possess extrinsic absorption bands in the infrared wavelength region associated with residual hydrogen and oxygen related impurities, despite using purified precursors. We report a purification process based on the addition of 0.1 wt% tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl4) to the glass. During melting, the chlorine from TeCl4 reacts with the hydrogen impurities to produce volatile products (e.g., HCl) that can be removed by subsequent dynamic distillation. The processing conditions have been modified accordingly to give very low H-Se impurity content. Consequently, the H-Se absorption band centered at 4.57 mum has been reduced from tens of dB/m to 0.2 dB/m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 85 IS 11 BP 2849 EP 2851 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 614HC UT WOS:000179181400038 ER PT J AU Platt, CMR Young, SA Austin, RT Patterson, GR Mitchell, DL Miller, SD AF Platt, CMR Young, SA Austin, RT Patterson, GR Mitchell, DL Miller, SD TI LIRAD observations of tropical cirrus clouds in MCTEX. Part I: Optical properties and detection of small particles in cold cirrus SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ICE CRYSTALS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; LIDAR; MIDLATITUDE; PHASE; EXTINCTION; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATOLOGY; AIRCRAFT; FACILITY AB This paper presents further results on the optical properties of tropical and equatorial cirrus using the light detecting and ranging (lidar) radiometer (LIRAD) method. The results were obtained from observations in the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX). Values were obtained of cirrus cloud backscatter coefficient, infrared (IR) emittance, optical depth and absorption coefficient, cloud height and depth, and backscatter-to-extinction ratio. The values agree well with previous results obtained on equatorial cirrus in the Pilot Radiation Observation Experiment (PROBE) and extend those results to lower temperatures. Observations made of lidar linear depolarization ratio show similar trends to those observed in PROBE, extending those results to lower temperatures. Regressions of cloud IR emittance and absorption coefficients are performed as a preliminary tropical dataset for both cloud-resolving and climate models. These regressions are compared with previous regressions on midlatitude and tropical synoptic cirrus clouds. The IR absorption coefficients in tropical and equatorial cirrus appear to be larger than in midlatitude cirrus for temperatures less than -40degreesC, with the difference increasing toward low temperatures. Thus, a significantly different relationship may be appropriate for tropical cirrus compared to midlatitude cirrus clouds. Effective diameters of small particles in the colder tropical clouds are also measured using the ratio of visible extinction to infrared absorption. A new treatment of multiple scattering is used to correct the ratios. Effective diameters range from 6 to 9.3 mum at the colder temperatures. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Austin, RT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Young, Stuart/A-8641-2011 OI Young, Stuart/0000-0001-6434-9816 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 59 IS 22 BP 3145 EP 3162 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3145:LOOTCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 607BB UT WOS:000178769600001 ER PT J AU Wall, KD Stoffer, DS AF Wall, KD Stoffer, DS TI A state space approach to bootstrapping conditional forecasts in ARMA models SO JOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE bootstrap; state space; forecasting; prediction errors; simulation ID INTERVALS AB A bootstrap approach to evaluating conditional forecast errors in ARMA models is presented. The key to this method is the derivation of a reverse-time state space model for generating conditional data sets that capture the salient stochastic properties of the observed data series. We demonstrate the utility of the method using several simulation experiments for the MA(q) and ARMA(p, q) models. Using the state space form, we are able to investigate conditional forecast errors in these models quite easily whereas the existing literature has only addressed conditional forecast error assessment in the pure AR(p) form. Our experiments use short data sets and non-Gaussian, as well as Gaussian, disturbances. The bootstrap is found to provide useful information on error distributions in all cases and serves as a broadly applicable alternative to the asymptotic Gaussian theory. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Wall, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-9782 J9 J TIME SER ANAL JI J. Time Ser. Anal. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 733 EP 751 DI 10.1111/1467-9892.00288 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 621XR UT WOS:000179616700006 ER PT J AU Ruchhoeft, P Wolfe, JC Torres, JL Bass, R AF Ruchhoeft, P Wolfe, JC Torres, JL Bass, R TI Scattering mask concept for ion-beam nanolithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID SILICON STENCIL MASKS AB In this article, we demonstrate the concept of scattering masks for ion-beam proximity lithography. In this process, stencil mask openings are fabricated with larger-than-nominal sizes and are coated with a conformal scatter layer that reduces the size of the features at the mask surface. The process reduces the complexity of etching high aspect-ratio mask openings. Printed images of masks with 100 and 40 nm circular openings, fabricated from masks with 225 nm openings, are shown. The printing process has excellent exposure latitude: less than a 20% change in critical dimension is observed for a 33% change in dose for 40 nm structures. We show that the diffuse background exposure that results from ions traversing through the scatter layer is around 0.1% of the primary exposure for a 2 mum pitch pattern. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanoelect Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruchhoeft, P (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 2705 EP 2708 DI 10.1116/1.1520568 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 633WJ UT WOS:000180307300089 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Glenn, SM AF Keen, TR Glenn, SM TI Predicting bed scour on the continental shelf during Hurricane Andrew SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE scour; numerical models; hurricanes; Louisiana; sedimentation; erosion ID SHALLOW-WATER CURRENTS; TROPICAL STORM DELIA; COMBINED WAVE; MOVABLE BED; MODEL; BOTTOM; PIPELINES; FLOW AB A numerical sedimentation model, TRANS98, has been used to simulate storm sedimentation on Ship Shoal, a drowned barrier island on the Louisiana continental shelf. The model predicts that maximum sediment resuspension and transport occurs over a few tens of kilometers during the storm peak. Sediment transport is dominated by suspended load rather than bed load. The total resuspension and erosion depth is more than 0.02 m over Ship Shoal. A method of estimating the error in the computed wave-current shear stress is presented. The predicted shear stress during the storm peak is underpredicted by 9%. The error estimate increases to more than 16% overprediction after the eye made landfall. The error estimates suggest that the model-predicted sediment resuspension and potential transport patterns are reasonable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2002)128:6(249) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 610VZ UT WOS:000178983400003 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, RE Durant, PJ van Gessel, Y Chattopadhyay, S Beswick, RL Tadaki, DK Lasbury, ME Lee, CH Perrin, PJ Lee, KP AF Baumgartner, RE Durant, PJ van Gessel, Y Chattopadhyay, S Beswick, RL Tadaki, DK Lasbury, ME Lee, CH Perrin, PJ Lee, KP TI Evidence for the requirement of T cell costimulation in the pathogenesis of natural Pneumocystis carinii pulmonary infection SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE murine; costimulation; T cell; inflammation; pneumocystis ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY; CD40 LIGAND; PNEUMONIA; MICE; CORTICOSTEROIDS; LYMPHOCYTES; RESOLUTION; INDUCTION AB Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a frequent and serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromized patients. Although the pathogenesis of PCP-mediated lung injury is poorly understood, a central involvement of host inflammatory responses has been implicated. We have found that while the loss of specific T cell costimulatory signals increases susceptibility to the spontaneous pneumocystis infection, PCP-induced pulmonary injury (and subsequent morbidity and mortality) involves other intact costimulatory pathways. Mice that are genetically deficient for the costimulatory receptor CD154 (CD154 knockout (ko) mice) spontaneously developed PCP, consistent with the increased susceptibility of X-linked hyper IgM syndrome patients (caused by CD154 gene mutations) to P. carinii infection. In these mice PCP was manifested by progressive weight loss, dyspnea and death. In contrast, CD154 ko mice also genetically lacking ICAM1 (CD154 ko x ICAM 1 ko) or CD28 (CD154 ko x CD28 ko) costimulatory receptors had later onset of weight loss and significantly prolonged survival. Although onset of infection and age-matched P. carinii organism burden were equivalent, the CD154 single knockout mice had evidence of greater pulmonary inflammation vs. the double ko's. These findings suggest that costimulation-dependent T cell-mediated inflammation plays an important role in both susceptibility to and pathogenesis of PCP, and may identify potential molecular targets for novel immunomodulatory treatment approaches. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Med Allergy & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Lee, KP (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1006/mpat.2002.0528 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 620GL UT WOS:000179525600001 PM 12473434 ER PT J AU Anderson, EL AF Anderson, EL TI Systemic adverse reaction to topical fluorescein dye: A previously unreported event SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Pensacola Naval Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Anderson, EL (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Control Squadron 30, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 167 IS 11 BP 956 EP 957 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EE UT WOS:000181421600021 PM 12448627 ER PT J AU Winstead, NS Sikora, TD Thompson, DR Mourad, PD AF Winstead, NS Sikora, TD Thompson, DR Mourad, PD TI Direct influence of gravity waves on surface-layer stress during a cold air outbreak, as shown by synthetic aperture radar SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; HORIZONTAL CONVECTIVE ROLLS; WIND FIELDS; LEE WAVES; OCEAN SURFACE; SEA-SURFACE; IMAGERY; SAR; SATELLITE; MARINE AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of oceans and the Great Lakes have provided a highly detailed means of observing atmospheric boundary layer phenomena such as convection, land breezes, and internal gravity waves. This is possible because the backscattered radiation detected by SAR can be dominated by scattering from wind-driven capillary waves whose spatial variation is visible as patterns in the SAR images. In this paper, we present two case studies in which SAR images taken over Lake Superior demonstrate spatial variability in the surface wind stress created over the lake by coincident gravity waves and boundary layer convection during cold air outbreaks. Of particular interest is the direct influence of the gravity waves on the lake-surface stress despite the intervening highly convective atmosphere as well as the detailed view of the fetch dependence of that stress. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Washington, Dept Neurol Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Winstead, NS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins APL, Ocean Remote Sensing Grp, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 130 IS 11 BP 2764 EP 2776 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2764:DIOGWO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 599RZ UT WOS:000178350100013 ER PT J AU Nakhla, IA Mansour, A Sultan, Y Frenck, W AF Nakhla, IA Mansour, A Sultan, Y Frenck, W TI Recurrent meningitis in a seven-year-old girl SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE recurrent meningitis; congenital deafness ID MONDINI-DYSPLASIA C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. RP Nakhla, IA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1081 EP + DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000036762.93197.f0 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 615PH UT WOS:000179254800018 PM 12458573 ER PT J AU Koga, K Gao, GT Tanaka, H Zeng, XC AF Koga, K Gao, GT Tanaka, H Zeng, XC TI How does water freeze inside carbon nanotubes? SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Horizons in Complex Systems CY DEC, 2001 CL MESSINA, ITALY DE confined water; carbon nanotube; phase behavior ID CONFINED WATER; PHASE AB Phase behavior of quasi-one-dimensional water confined inside a carbon nanotube is studied in the thermodynamic space of temperature, pressure, and diameter of the cylindrical container. Four kinds of solid-like ordered structures-ice nanotubes-form spontaneously from liquid-like disordered phases at low temperatures. In the model system that comprises of TIP4P water molecules interacting with each other via short-range Lennard-Jones and long-range Coulomb site-site potentials under a periodic boundary condition in the axial direction, the phase change occurs either discontinuously or continuously depending on the path in the thermodynamic space. That the isotherms for a given diameter are found to be similar to those around the liquid-gas critical point of fluids suggests existence of a phase boundary terminated by a critical point. The apparently-complex phase behavior is accounted for by noting that the phase boundaries are layered surfaces in the three-dimensional thermodynamic space and some of the surfaces are terminated by critical lines. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Okayama Univ, Dept Chem, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Koga, K (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Koga, Kenichiro/B-2635-2011; Tanaka, Hideki/B-1456-2011; Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 OI Koga, Kenichiro/0000-0002-1153-5831; NR 18 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 462 EP 469 AR PII S0378-4371(02)01074-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01074-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619XL UT WOS:000179502800063 ER PT J AU Guest, JR Li, XQ Stievater, TH Steel, DG Gammon, D AF Guest, JR Li, XQ Stievater, TH Steel, DG Gammon, D TI Direct probing of quantum dots through linear and nonlinear nano-optics SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEVEL REPULSION; EXCITONS; FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; WELL AB Advances in nanoscopic probing techniques have led to the development of direct spatial and spectroscopic mapping methodologies which have revealed a wealth of information about single quantum dots. These techniques, combined with the favorable properties of naturally formed quantum dots, have allowed us to treat a single exciton confined to a quantum dot as a single solid state quantum absorber in analogy to atomic and molecular systems. Direct measurements on these systems, including absorption and coherent nonlinear spectroscopy, have revealed dipole moments and dynamic time scales of the individual excitations. Combined with microscopy, these probes have revealed global properties of the quantum dot system. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009 OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 234 IS 1 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200211)234:1<435::AID-PSSB435>3.0.CO;2-N PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 621QL UT WOS:000179600900047 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR Lyn, ML Castleman, AW AF Baruah, T Pederson, MR Lyn, ML Castleman, AW TI Predicted infrared and Raman spectra for neutral Ti8C12 isomers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BINARY METAL METALLOCARBOHEDRENES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER IONS; CARS; STABILITY; CARBOHEDRENES; APPROXIMATION; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; TITANIUM AB Using a density-functional based algorithm, the full infrared and Raman spectra are calculated for the neutral Ti8C12 cluster assuming geometries of T-h, T-d, D-2d, and C-3v symmetry. The T-h pentagonal dodecahedron is found to be dynamically unstable. The calculated properties of the relaxed structure having C-3v symmetry are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental gas-phase infrared results, ionization potential and electron affinity measurements. Consequently, the results presented may be used as a reference for further experimental characterization using vibrational spectroscopy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 053201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.053201 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 622DU UT WOS:000179631900081 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Jones, KM Lett, PD Tiesinga, E AF Fatemi, FK Jones, KM Lett, PD Tiesinga, E TI Ultracold ground-state molecule production in sodium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 2-COLOR PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; POTASSIUM MOLECULES; NA-2; TEMPERATURES; COLLISIONS; MECHANISM; LI-7(2); ATOMS AB We have observed the formation of ground-state Na-2 molecules via the spontaneous decay of excited molecules created by the photoassociation of ultracold atoms. We measure the binding energies of molecules created in three hyperfine components of the lowest singlet and triplet potentials of Na-2 by two different methods. Two of the features are purely triplet a (3)Sigma(u)(+) (v=15) (quasibound) states that have not been previously observed, while the third is a mixed X (1)Sigma(g)(+)-a (3)Sigma(u)(+) state. The molecules are detected with high-resolution cw laser ionization techniques and binding energies are measured to within 10 MHz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 053401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.053401 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 622DU UT WOS:000179631900083 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI alpha-relaxation and the excess wing in polychlorinated biphenyls SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID-STATE; GLASS-FORMERS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION AB Dielectric spectra were obtained on three polychlorinated biphenyls, having glass temperatures T-g differing by up to 48 deg. The shapes of the alpha-relaxation peaks were the same for all samples, as were the T-g-normalized temperature dependences of the relaxation times. The characteristic temperatures at which the relaxation times deviate from a Vogel-Fulcher dependence were also equivalent (T(B)similar to1.14 T-g). However, the prominence of the high-frequency "excess" wing, while present in the spectra for all materials, was markedly different. This lack of correlation between the alpha relaxation and the excess wing suggests the two phenomena are distinct. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 18 AR 180201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.180201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 622EG UT WOS:000179633100001 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D Polykandriotis, K Colson, WB Crooker, PP Benson, S Gubeli, J Neil, GR AF Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D Polykandriotis, K Colson, WB Crooker, PP Benson, S Gubeli, J Neil, GR TI Free-electron-laser oscillator with a linear taper SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FEL OSCILLATOR; UNDULATOR; FEATURES AB We present experiments and simulations showing the behavior of a free-electron laser (FEL) with both positive and negative linear tapers along the wiggler. We show the power desynchronism curve widths, efficiency, exhaust electron energy spread, and wavelength dependence as a function of taper for 3- and 6-mum optical wavelengths and for resonators with 10% and 2% loss/pass. Simulations of the experiments, using a multimode analysis, are seen to be in general agreement with the experimental results, carried out at the IR Demo FEL at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. We find that short-pulse effects are more effective than tapers in producing high efficiency with low exhaust energy spread, and the expected performance enhancement of FEL tapering is not achieved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Christodoulou, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 056502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056502 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 622DG UT WOS:000179630800162 PM 12513614 ER PT J AU Given, JA Hwang, CO Mascagni, M AF Given, JA Hwang, CO Mascagni, M TI First- and last-passage Monte Carlo algorithms for the charge density distribution on a conducting surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Recent research shows that Monte Carlo diffusion methods are often the most efficient algorithms for solving certain elliptic boundary value problems. In this paper, we extend this research by providing two efficient algorithms based on the concept of "last-passage diffusion." These algorithms are qualitatively compared with each other (and with the best first-passage diffusion algorithm) in solving the classical problem of computing the charge distribution on a conducting disk held at unit voltage. All three algorithms show detailed agreement with the known analytic solution to this problem. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hanyang Univ, Innovat Technol Ctr Radiat Safety, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Given, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM JAGiven137@aol.com; chwang@itrs.hanyang.ac.kr; mascagni@cs.fsu.edu RI Hwang, Chi-Ok/E-8298-2010; OI Hwang, Chi-Ok/0000-0001-6731-1418 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 056704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056704 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 622DG UT WOS:000179630800182 PM 12513634 ER PT J AU Rosmej, FB Griem, HR Elton, RC Jacobs, VL Cobble, JA Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Geissel, M Hoffmann, DHH Suss, W Uskov, DB Shevelko, VP Mancini, RC AF Rosmej, FB Griem, HR Elton, RC Jacobs, VL Cobble, JA Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Geissel, M Hoffmann, DHH Suss, W Uskov, DB Shevelko, VP Mancini, RC TI Charge-exchange-induced two-electron satellite transitions from autoionizing levels in dense plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HE-BETA; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITES; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONS; COLLISIONS; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATIONS; DIAGNOSTICS; EMISSION AB Order-of-magnitude anomalously high intensities for two-electron (dielectronic) satellite transitions, originating from the He-like 2s(2) (1)S(0) and Li-like 1s2s(2) (2)S(1/2) autoionizing states of silicon, have been observed in dense laser-produced plasmas at different laboratories. Spatially resolved, high-resolution spectra and plasma images show that these effects are correlated with an intense emission of the He-like 1s3p (1)P-1s(2) (1)S lines, as well as the K(alpha) lines. A time-dependent, collisional-radiative model, allowing for non-Maxwellian electron-energy distributions, has been developed for the determination of the relevant nonequilibrium level populations of the silicon ions, and a detailed analysis of the experimental data has been carried out. Taking into account electron density and temperature variations, plasma optical-depth effects, and hot-electron distributions, the spectral simulations are found to be not in agreement with the observations. We propose that highly stripped target ions (e.g., bare nuclei or H-like 1s ground-state ions) are transported into the dense, cold plasma (predominantly consisting of L- and M-shell ions) near the target surface and undergo single- and double-electron charge-transfer processes. The spectral simulations indicate that, in dense and optically thick plasmas, these charge-transfer processes may lead to an enhancement of the intensities of the two-electron transitions by up to a factor of 10 relative to those of the other emission lines, in agreement with the spectral observations. C1 GSI Darmstadt, Plasmaphys, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Comm Stand, VNIIFRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Rosmej, FB (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Plasmaphys, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM rosmej@yahoo.de RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008; Shevelko, Viacheslav/M-7527-2015 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 056402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056402 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 622DG UT WOS:000179630800150 PM 12513602 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Spector, MS Greanya, VA Weslowski, BT Shenoy, DK Shashidhar, R AF Selinger, JV Spector, MS Greanya, VA Weslowski, BT Shenoy, DK Shashidhar, R TI Acoustic realignment of nematic liquid crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB In a nematic liquid-crystal cell, the molecules can be realigned by an ultrasonic wave, leading to a change in the optical transmission through the cell. We present a model for this acousto-optic effect, and show that the magnitude of this effect is controlled by a director-density coupling. We then measure the optical transmission as a function of acoustic intensity for three liquid-crystal materials, and confirm that the data fit the functional form of the theoretical prediction. This fit gives the value of the director-density coupling, which varies greatly from material to material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 051708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.051708 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 622DG UT WOS:000179630800052 PM 12513504 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Rudakov, LI AF Huba, JD Rudakov, LI TI Three-dimensional Hall magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS; CHALLENGE; MHD; SIMULATIONS; GENERATION; PRESSURE AB New numerical results of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in the Hall limit (L