FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Laming, JM Hwang, U AF Laming, JM Hwang, U TI On the determination of ejecta structure and explosion asymmetry from the X-ray knots of Cassiopeia A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; IONIZATION BALANCE; MASSIVE STARS; NOVA REMNANT; EMISSION; EVOLUTION AB We present a detailed analysis of Chandra X-ray spectra from individual ejecta knots in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. The spectra are fitted to give the electron temperature T-e and (single) ionization age n(e)t. These quantities are compared with the predictions of self-similar hydrodynamic models incorporating time-dependent ionization and radiation losses and Coulomb electron-ion equilibration behind the reverse shock for a variety of different ejecta density profiles described by a uniform-density core and a power-law envelope. We find that the ejecta close to the "jet'' region in the northeast, but not actually in the jet itself, have a systematically shallower outer envelope than ejecta elsewhere in the remnant, and we interpret this as being due to more energy of the initial explosion being directed in this polar direction as opposed to equatorially. The degree of asymmetry we infer is at the low end of that generally modeled in asymmetric core-collapse simulations and may possibly be used to rule out highly asymmetric explosion models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 72 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 1 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1086/378268 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736KW UT WOS:000186170800031 ER PT J AU Hwang, U Laming, JM AF Hwang, U Laming, JM TI Where was the iron synthesized in Cassiopeia A? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A); nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernova remnants; supernovae : general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; ACCELERATED ELECTRONS; SHOCKS; TI-44; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EXPLOSIONS; REMNANTS; EJECTA AB We investigate the properties of Fe-rich knots on the east limb of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant using observations with Chandra/ACIS and analysis methods developed in a companion paper. We use the fitted ionization age and electron temperature of the knots to constrain the ejecta density profile and the Lagrangian mass coordinates of the knots. Fe-rich knots that also have strong emission from Si, S, Ar, and Ca are clustered around mass coordinates q similar or equal to 0.35-0.4 in the shocked ejecta; for ejecta mass 2 M., this places the knots 0.7-0.8 M. out from the center (or 2-2.1 M., allowing for a 1.3 M. compact object). We also find an Fe clump that is evidently devoid of line emission from lower mass elements, as would be expected if it were the product of alpha-rich freezeout; the mass coordinate of this clump is similar to those of the other Fe knots. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, U (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 48 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 1 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1086/378269 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736KW UT WOS:000186170800032 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Boboltz, DA Gaume, RA Megeath, ST AF Wilson, TL Boboltz, DA Gaume, RA Megeath, ST TI High-resolution continuum imaging at 1.3 and 0.7 centimeters of the W3IRS 5 region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (W3); radio continuum : ISM; stars : formation ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; THERMAL RADIO JET; H2O MASER SOURCE; PROPER MOTIONS; WATER MASERS; W3 IRS-5; GHZ; CONDENSATIONS; KINEMATICS; RADIATION AB High-resolution images of the hypercompact H II (HC H II) regions in W3 IRS 5 taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.3 and 0.7 cm are presented. Four HC H II regions were detected with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios to allow the determination of relevant parameters, such as source position, size, and flux density. The sources are slightly extended in our similar to0."2 beams; the deconvolved radii are less than 240 AU. A comparison of our data with VLA images taken at epoch 1989.1 shows proper motions for sources IRS 5a and IRS 5f. Between 1989.1 and 2002.5, we find a proper motion of 210 mas at a position angle of 12degrees for IRS 5f and a proper motion of 190 mas at a position angle of 50degrees for IRS 5a. At the assumed distance to W3 IRS 5, 1.83 +/- 0.14 kpc, these offsets translate to proper motions of similar to135 and similar to122 km s(-1), respectively. These sources are either shock-ionized gas in an outflow or ionized gas ejected from high-mass stars. We find no change in the positions of IRS 5d1/d2 and IRS 5b, and we show through a comparison with archival NICMOS 2.2 mum images that these two radio sources coincide with the infrared double constituting W3 IRS 5. These sources contain B or perhaps O stars. The flux densities of the four sources have changed compared to the epoch 1989.1 results. In our epoch 2002.5 data, none of the spectral indices obtained from flux densities at 1.3 and 0.7 cm are consistent with optically thin free-free emission; IRS 5d1/d2 shows the largest increase in flux density from 1.3 to 0.7 cm. This may be an indication of free-free optical depth within an ionized wind, a photoevaporating disk, or an accretion flow. It is less likely that this increase is caused by dust emission at 0.7 cm. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Postfach 2024, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 1 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1086/378233 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736KW UT WOS:000186170800038 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for S XI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; plasmas ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; CARBON-LIKE IONS; C-LIKE IONS; EMISSION-LINES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; CROSS-SECTIONS; FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for S XI. The configurations included are 2s(2)2p(2), 2s2p(3), 2p(4), 2s(2)2p3iota, and 2s(2)2p4iota (iota = s, p, d), giving rise to 72 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies, 32, 60, 90, 120, and 150 ryd. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved. The effects of resonances, proton rates, photoexcitation, and cascades on level populations have been investigated. The predicted S XI line intensities are compared with EUV and UV observations of the quiet and active Sun. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1086/378717 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736LL UT WOS:000186172200011 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, MD McMillian, DJ AF Rosenthal, MD McMillian, DJ TI Hamstring-strain rehabilitation: A functional stepwise approach for return to sports, part I SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Rosenthal, MD (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD NOV PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 747TD UT WOS:000186820200010 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, AK Landi, E TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for SiVIII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EMISSION-LINES; COLLISION STRENGTHS; SOLAR SPECTRUM; S-X; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Si VIII. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(3), 2s2p(4), 2p(5), 2s(2)2p(2)s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, and 2s(2)2p(2)3d giving rise to 72 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at four incident energies, 20, 40, 60, and 80 Ry. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution at an electron temperature of logT(e)(K) = 5.9, corresponding to maximum abundance of Si VIII. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3). Relative spectral line intensities are calculated. Proton excitation rates between the lowest five levels have been included in the statistical equilibrium equations. The predicted Si VIII line intensities are compared with SERTS rocket observations of a solar active region and SUMER (SOHO) observations of the quiet sun. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 2 BP 317 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2003.08.002 PG 60 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 752JB UT WOS:000187156400004 ER PT J AU Pollock, NW Natoli, MJ Gerth, WA Thalmann, ED Vann, RD AF Pollock, NW Natoli, MJ Gerth, WA Thalmann, ED Vann, RD TI Risk of decompression sickness during exposure to high cabin altitude after diving SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; flying after diving; high altitude; oxygen breathing; prebreathe; venous gas emboli ID VENOUS GAS-BUBBLES AB Background: Postdive altitude exposure increases the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). Certain training and operational situations may require U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel to conduct high altitude parachute operations after diving. Problematically, the minimum safe preflight surface intervals (PFSI) between diving and high altitude flying are not known. Methods: There were 102 healthy, male volunteers (34 +/- 10 [mean +/-_ SD] yr of age, 84.5 +/- 13.8 kg weight, 26.2 +/- 4.2 kg . m(-2) BMI) who completed simulated 60 fsw (feet of seawater)/60 min air dives preceding simulated 3-h flights at 25,000 ft to study DCS risk as a function of PFSI. Subjects were dry and at rest throughout. Oxygen was breathed for 30 min before and during flight in accordance with SOF protocols. Subjects were monitored for clinical signs of DCS and for venous gas emboli (VGE) using precordial Doppler ultrasound. DCS incidence was compared with Chi-squared; VGF onset time and time to maximum grade with one-way ANOVA (significance at p < 0.05). Results: Three cases of DCS occurred in 155 subject-exposures: 1/35 and 0/24 in 2 and 3 h flight-only controls, respectively, 0/23, 1/37, and 1/36 for 24, 18, and 12 h dive-PFSI-flight profiles, respectively. DCS risk did not differ between profiles (chi(2) [4]= 1.33; crit = 9.49). VGE were observed in 19% of flights. Neither VGE onset time nor time to max grade differed between profiles (82 +/- 38 min p = 0.881 and 100 +/- 40 min p = 0.681, respectively). Conclusion: Increased DCS risk was not detected as a result of dry, resting 60 fsw/60 min air dives conducted 24-12 h before a resting, 3-h oxygen-breathing 25,000 ft flight (following 30 min oxygen prebreathe). The current SOF-prescribed minimum PFSI of 24 h may be unnecessarily conservative. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Ctr Hyperbar Med & Environm Physiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. RP Pollock, NW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Ctr Hyperbar Med & Environm Physiol, Box 3823, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1168 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 738TA UT WOS:000186302900006 PM 14620473 ER PT J AU Sausen, KP Bower, EA Stiney, ME Feigl, C Wartman, R Clark, JB AF Sausen, KP Bower, EA Stiney, ME Feigl, C Wartman, R Clark, JB TI A closed-loop reduced oxygen breathing device for inducing hypoxia in humans SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace-Medical-Association CY MAY 14-18, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Aerospace Med Assoc DE hypoxia; aerospace physiology; reduced oxygen breathing device; impedance cardiography; apnea; asthma; diving; flying ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; SIMULATED ALTITUDE; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; HYPOXEMIA; IMPEDANCE; SATURATION; PRESSURE; ASTHMA; SLEEP AB Background: Hypoxia poses a documented threat to aerospace and diving operations in healthy people and is a component of many clinical conditions. Practical training for aircrew, and research on clinically relevant hypoxic conditions frequently rely exclusively on large, expensive hypobaric chambers. Purpose: Here we describe and report the efficacy of a compact, economical, closed-loop rebreather-type reduced-oxygen breathing device (ROBD) for hypoxia induction in humans. Methods: Subjects were four healthy student Naval flight surgeons. During baseline, subjects breathed normoxic air (21% O-2, equivalent to sea-level). Baseline was followed by an altitude period, during which participants were exposed to hypoxic air (about 10% O-2, approximating 5,486 m [18,000 ft mean sea-level]) for 30 min followed by a normoxic recovery period. Subjects' peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), BP, impedance cardiography, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance served as dependent measures along with the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2). Results: Circuit FIO2 and subjects' SpO(2) were significantly lower during the altitude period than the baseline and recovery periods. HR and cardiac output were significantly higher, and systemic vascular resistance was significantly lower, during hypoxic air exposure than during baseline or recovery. Conclusions: These data support the closed-loop ROBD as a potentially useful device for training and research involving acute hypoxia in healthy and clinical populations. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Sausen, KP (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. OI Clark, Jonathan/0000-0002-1162-1238 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1190 EP 1197 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 738TA UT WOS:000186302900010 PM 14620477 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Walls, HJ Kennedy, SB Welsh, ER AF Lin-Gibson, S Walls, HJ Kennedy, SB Welsh, ER TI Reaction kinetics and gel properties of blocked diisocyinate crosslinked chitosan hydrogels SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE chitosan; hydrogels; crosslink kinetics; gel modulus ID RHEOLOGY; CHITIN; GELATION; NETWORK; SYSTEM AB Cure kinetics and network properties of hydrogels prepared by the reaction of chitosan and a water-soluble blocked diisocyanate cross-linker have been measured using swelling experiments and rheometry. The gel time measured by two different rheological methods, the rate equivalence of the change in modulus as a function of reaction time (G'G" crossover) and the critical gel via the Winter-Chambon approach, are comparable. The reaction rate increased with increased temperature following the Arrhenius behavior, from which apparent activation energies can be determined. The network moduli can be tailored by adjusting the ratio of chitosan to cross-linker or the solution concentration. This allows for the formation of processable chemically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels with controlled kinetics and mechanical properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 54 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00159-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 722NN UT WOS:000185382600008 ER PT J AU Michael, TS Pinciu, V AF Michael, TS Pinciu, V TI Art gallery theorems for guarded guards SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE art gallery theorems; visibility in polygons AB We prove two art gallery theorems in which the guards must guard one another in addition to the gallery. A set g of points (the guards) in a simple closed polygon (the art gallery) is a guarded guard set provided (i) every point in the polygon is visible to some point in G; and (ii) every point in G is visible to some other point in G. We prove that a polygon with n sides always has a guarded guard set of cardinality [(3n - 1)/7] and that this bound is sharp (n greater than or equal to 5); our result corrects an erroneous formula in the literature. We also use a coloring argument to give an entirely new proof that the corresponding sharp function for orthogonal polygons is [n/3] for n greater than or equal to 6; this result was originally established by induction by Hernandez-Penalver. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Math, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7721 J9 COMP GEOM-THEOR APPL JI Comput. Geom.-Theory Appl. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0925-7721(03)00039-7 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 722NR UT WOS:000185383100005 ER PT J AU Gilstad, CW AF Gilstad, CW TI Anaphylactic transfusion reactions SO CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaphylaxis; transfusion reactions ID ANTI-IGA; PLASMA REMOVAL; PLATELETS; REDUCTION; TRIAL; ANTIBODIES AB Purpose of review Although anaphylactic reactions to blood products are rare, the incidence of allergic reactions to blood products is similar to the allergic reaction incidence to penicillin antibiotics, and therefore worthy of proportionate attention. Comprehensive reviews and guidelines of the management of anaphylaxis currently do not include much information on blood products. Current guidelines for the specific management of anaphylactic transfusion reactions are contradictory as to the utility of anti-IgA testing and incomplete by not offering suggestions for the management of non-IgA related reactions. Recent findings Anti-IgA is not responsible for most reactions. Anti-haptoglobin antibodies are responsible for more reactions than anti-IgA in Japan, but the cause of most reactions is still not known. The incidence of reactions to platelets is the highest compared with fresh frozen plasma and red blood cells. Pre-storage white blood cell reduction of platelets does not decrease the incidence of reactions, indicating that white blood cell-derived cytokines are not responsible for most reactions. Summary The increased incidence of reactions to platelets compared with fresh frozen plasma suggests that a platelet-related factor may be responsible for many of the reactions. The possible role of platelet microparticles or activated platelet membranes, which carry a negative charge similar to ionic radiocontrast media, the major cause of iatrogenic anaphylactic reactions in the hospital, is explored. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Armed Serv Blood Bank Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Transfus Serv, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Gilstad, CW (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Armed Serv Blood Bank Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,BLDG 9,RM 1638D, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1065-6251 J9 CURR OPIN HEMATOL JI Curr. Opin. Hematol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1097/00062752-200311000-00004 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 736CX UT WOS:000186154100004 PM 14564171 ER PT J AU Wang, J Chen, G Muck, A Collins, GE AF Wang, J Chen, G Muck, A Collins, GE TI Electrophoretic microchip with dual-opposite injection for simultaneous measurements of anions and cations SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE contactless conductivity detection; dual injection; explosive-related ion; microchip capillary electrophoresis; miniaturization; nerve-agent degradation product; simultaneous separation ID CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; DETECTOR; CHIP; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB A novel dual-injection poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) microchip electrophoretic system has been designed and fabricated for simultaneous measurements of anions and cations using a single channel and detection device. It consists of two sample reservoirs, on both sides of a common separation channel. Anions and cations can be simultaneously electrokinetically injected into both ends of the separation channel. Due to lower electroosmotic flow in polymer channels compared to glass ones, the cations and anions migrate in opposite directions and can be separated from each other and detected using a movable contactless conductivity detector (MCCD) positioned around the center of the separation channel. The effects of the detector position and of the separation voltage on the response and resolution have been studied and optimized for simultaneous determination of six low-energy explosive-related ions, including ammonium, methyl ammonium, sodium, chloride, nitrate, and perchlorate in a single analytical run (of ca. 3 min). Simultaneous detection of nerve-agent degradation products along with explosive-related anions and cations is also demonstrated. The versatile system can also be used for separately measuring anions or cations. The attractive behavior of the dual-opposite injection microchip offers great promise for a wide range of applications, including "total ion analysis" of various samples. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 NR 23 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 21 BP 3728 EP 3734 DI 10.1002/elps.200305593 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 748JL UT WOS:000186858700021 PM 14613198 ER PT J AU Cipolla, KM Keith, WL AF Cipolla, KM Keith, WL TI High Reynolds number thick axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer measurements SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID WALL-PRESSURE; AXIAL-FLOW; DRAG REDUCTION; CYLINDER; RIBLETS; FLUCTUATIONS; VELOCITY; PIPE AB Experimental measurements of the wall shear stress and momentum thickness for thick axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers are presented. The use of a full-scale towing tank allowed zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers to be developed on cylinders with diameters of 0.61, 0.89, and 2.5 mm and lengths ranging from 30 m to 150 m. Moderate to high Reynolds numbers (10(4) 1/2 O-2 + H2O + 2 e(-). The limiting cathodic reaction in these melts is the reduction of water in acidic melts ([H2O] >> [O2-)]) and the reduction of Na+ or K+ in basic melts. The direct reduction of OH- to hydrogen and O2- is thermodynamically impossible in molten hydroxides. The electrostability window for thermal battery applications in molten hydroxides at 250 - 300 degreesC is 1.5 V in acidic melts and 2.5 V in basic melts. The use of aluminum substrates could possibly extend this window to 3 V or higher. Preliminary tests of the Li-Fe (LAN) anode in molten LiOH - KOH and NaOH - KOH show that this anode is not stable in these melts at acidic conditions. The presence of superoxide ions in these acidic melts likely contributes to this instability of lithium anodes. Thermal battery development using molten hydroxides will likely require less active anode materials such as Li-Al alloys or the use of more basic melts. It is well established that sodium metal is both soluble and stable in basic NaOH - KOH melts and has been used as a reference electrode for this system. C1 USN, Div Chem, Dept Res, Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Miles, MH (reprint author), Univ La Verne, Dept Chem, La Verne, CA 91750 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1011 EP 1016 DI 10.1023/A:1026270119048 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 735CV UT WOS:000186095600005 ER PT J AU McDevitt, TJ Simmonds, JG AF McDevitt, TJ Simmonds, JG TI Crushing of an elastic-plastic ring between rigid plates with and without unloading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LATERAL COMPRESSION; TUBES AB Load-deflection curves are computed for an elastic-plastic ring that is slowly crushed between frictionless, rigid plates (platens). The ring is assumed to be inextensional with plane sections remaining plane and to obey a bi-linear stress-strain law with isotropic hardening. These assumptions lead to a local nonlinear moment-curvature relation identical to that developed by Liu et al. When inserted into the exact equation for moment equilibrium, this constitutive relation yields a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the angle a between the deformed centerline of the ring and the horizontal. The numerical solution of this equation, which uses a combined penalty-continuation method, along with an auxiliary equation relating the vertical deflection to a, leads to overall load-deflection curves that depend on two dimensionless parameters, lambda and mu. The first is the ratio of the plastic modulus to the elastic modulus; the second measures the ratio of plastic to elastic effects. As mu-->0, the overall load-deflection curve of Frish-Fay for the elastica is recovered; as mu-->infinity, that of DeRuntz and Hodge for a rigid-perfectly plastic ring is recovered. Three scenarios are considered: I-0, in which an initially straight, stress-free beam is bent elastically into a ring and then crushed; II0, in which an initially stress-free ring is crushed; and III0, in which an initially straight beam is bent first elastically and then elastically-plastically into a ring and then crushed. Results for scenario II0 are shown to agree well with experiments of Reddy and Reid if lambda = 0.01 and mu = 10 and 20 and with experiments of Avalle and Goglio if lambda = 0.02 and mu = 11. In scenarios I-0 and II0, the effects of unloading prove to be small, reinforcing a similar conclusion of Liu et al., who considered the large-deflection of an elastic-plastic cantilever under a tip load. If no unloading is assumed, a more analytical treatment is possible, as shown in the second part of the present paper The model predicts that the ring always remains in full contact with the platens, in agreement with recent experiments by Avalle and Goglio on annealed aluminum tubes. Pull-away from the platens also observed in experiments is ascribed to end effects which cannot be modeled by a one-dimensional beam theory. However, it is argued that, even if there is pull-away, the effect on the overall force-deflection relation must be small because in both cases the forces exerted by the platens are concentrated at the ends of the contact region. Moving pictures of successive stages of deformation of the ring showing the formation of plastic loading and unloading zones in all three scenarios may be found on the web site www.people.virginia.edu/similar tojgs/ring.html. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP McDevitt, TJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 70 IS 6 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1115/1.1630814 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 767LG UT WOS:000188440600002 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Gao, Y AF Watkins, NJ Gao, Y TI Interface formation and energy level alignment of pentacene on SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-MOBILITY; LOW-VOLTAGE; SEMICONDUCTOR; INSULATORS; EFFICIENCY; TRANSPORT; SILICON AB We examined the interface formed by pentacene deposition onto a SiO2 substrate. We found that upon pentacene deposition onto SiO2 the pentacene vacuum level aligns with that of SiO2. We observe the immediate appearance of a measurable pentacene highest occupied molecular orbital upon deposition of as little as 2 Angstrom of pentacene onto the SiO2 surface. This suggests that there are no chemical bonds at these interfaces. Measurements that examine the behavior of pentacene deposited onto SiO2 show ordered growth of pentacene with no sign of chemical interaction or charge transfer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ygao@pas.rochester.edu NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5782 EP 5786 DI 10.1063/1.1615298 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600049 ER PT J AU Calame, JP AF Calame, JP TI Evolution of Davidson-Cole relaxation behavior in random conductor-insulator composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEBYE DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AC CONDUCTIVITY; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANT; LAW; MODEL; CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS AB The evolution of the frequency-dependent, complex dielectric permittivity of three-dimensional, random conductor-insulator composites as a function of conductive inclusion concentration is explored by numerical simulation. A smooth transition from Debye behavior at low inclusion concentrations to a non-Debye, Davidson-Cole relaxation structure at higher concentrations is typically observed below the percolation threshold. The prevalence of the Davidson-Cole behavior and variations in relaxation parameters with respect to clustering statistics are explored through a survey of random networks. The dielectric response in denser composites is also explored, in both a standard randomly filled, percolating configuration and in a different type of random filling in which percolation has been deliberately prevented. In both cases, the relaxation component continues to exhibit a Davidson-Cole functional form. The passage through percolation does not strongly affect the Davidson-Cole exponent in the standard filling case, but in the percolation-prevention case a strong increase in exponent with inclusion concentration is observed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 64 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5945 EP 5957 DI 10.1063/1.1615302 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600075 ER PT J AU Wallcraft, AJ Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Rochford, PA AF Wallcraft, AJ Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Rochford, PA TI The NRL Layered Global Ocean Model (NLOM) with an embedded mixed layer submodel: Formulation and tuning SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; REDUCED-GRAVITY; PRIMITIVE EQUATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SKILL SCORES; WIND-DRIVEN; EL-NINO; SEA; PARAMETERIZATION AB A bulk-type ( modified Kraus-Turner) mixed layer model that is embedded within the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) is introduced. It is an independent submodel loosely coupled to NLOM's dynamical core, requiring only near-surface currents, the temperature just below the mixed layer, and an estimate of the stable mixed layer depth. Coupling is achieved by explicitly distributing atmospheric forcing across the mixed layer (which can span multiple dynamic layers), and by making the heat flux and thermal expansion of seawater dependent upon the mixed layer model's sea surface temperature (SST). An advantage of this approach is that the relative independence of the dynamical solution from the mixed layer allows the initial state for simulations with the mixed layer to be defined from existing near-global model simulations spun up from rest without a mixed layer (requiring many hundreds of model years). The goal is to use the mixed layer model in near-global multidecadal simulations with realistic 6-hourly atmospheric forcing from operational weather center archives. A minimum requirement therefore is that there be no drift in yearly average SST over time. The dynamical layer densities are relaxed to climatology as a standard part of the NLOM model design, and this ensures that the temperature just below the mixed layer provided to the mixed layer submodel does not drift. The density relaxation below the mixed layer does not significantly dampen anomalies even on interannual timescales because the anomalies are largely defined by layer thickness variations. When combined with calculating the latent and sensible heat flux using model SST, this is sufficient to keep SST on track without any explicit relaxation to the SST climatology. The sensitivity of the global ocean model to the choice of free Kraus-Turner parameters in the bulk mixed layer model is investigated by undertaking a tuning exercise to find a single set of parameters that provides a realistic SST from realistic atmospheric forcing over as much of the global ocean as possible. This is done by comparing the monthly Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) SST climatology to monthly averages from the model using a set of statistical metrics. A single set of mixed layer parameters is reported that gives excellent agreement with the SST climatology over most of the global ocean. The actual parameter values are probably specific to this coupled system, but the same methodology can be used to tune any mixed layer model with free parameters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 59 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1601 EP 1615 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1601:TNLGOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740XL UT WOS:000186427900016 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE TI Climatological SST and MLD predictions from a global layered ocean model with an embedded mixed layer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; AIR-SEA FLUXES; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; DEPTH VARIABILITY; REDUCED-GRAVITY; SEASONAL CYCLE; SKILL SCORES; EL-NINO; SIMULATION AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with an embedded mixed layer submodel is used to predict the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) and surface ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) over the global ocean. The thermodynamic model simulations presented in this paper are performed using six dynamical layers plus the embedded mixed layer at 1/2degrees resolution in latitude and 0.703125degrees in longitude, globally spanning from 72degreesS to 65degreesN. These model simulations use climatological wind and thermal forcing and include no assimilation of SST or MLD data. To measure the effectiveness of the NLOM mixed layer, the annual mean and seasonal cycle of SST and MLD obtained from the model simulations are compared to those from different climatological datasets at each grid point over the global ocean. Analysis of the global error maps shows that the embedded mixed layer in NLOM gives accurate SST with atmospheric forcing even with no SST relaxation/assimilation. In this case the model gives a global root-mean-square (rms) difference of 0.37degreesC for the annual mean and 0.59degreesC over the seasonal cycle over the global ocean. The mean global correlation coefficient (R) is 0.91 for the seasonal cycle of the SST. NLOM predicts SST with an annual mean error of <0.5 degrees C in most of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. For the MLD the model gave a global rms difference of 34 m for the annual mean and 63 m over the seasonal cycle over the global ocean in comparison to the NRL MLD climatology (NMLD). The mean global R value is 0.62 for the seasonal cycle of the MLD. Additional model-data comparisons use climatological monthly mean SST time series from 18 National Oceanic Data Center (NODC) buoys and 11 ocean weather station (OWS) hydrographic locations in the North Pacific Ocean. The median rms difference between the NLOM SSTs and SSTs at these 29 locations is 0.49 degrees C for the seasonal cycle. Deepening and shallowing of the MLD at the all OWS locations in the northeast Pacific are captured by the model with an rms difference of <20 m and an R value of >0.85 for the seasonal cycle. Using several statistical measures and climatologies of SST and MLD we have demonstrated that NLOM with an embedded mixed layer is able to simulate with substantial skill the climatological SST and MLD when using accurate and computationally efficient surface heat flux and solar radiation attenuation parameterizations over the global ocean. Further, this was accomplished using a model with only seven layers in the vertical, including the embedded mixed layer. Success of climatological predictions from the NLOM with an embedded mixed layer is a prerequisite for simulations using interannual atmospheric forcing with high temporal resolution. NLOM gives accurate upper-ocean quantities with atmospheric forcing even with no SST relaxation or assimilation, a strong indication that the model is a good candidate for assimilation of SST data. Finally, the techniques and datasets used here can be applied to evaluation of other ocean models in predicting the SST and MLD. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 45 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1616 EP 1632 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1616:CSAMPF>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740XL UT WOS:000186427900017 ER PT J AU Zhong, Q Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC AF Zhong, Q Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC TI Reorientation and vibrational energy relaxation of pseudohalide ions confined in reverse micelle water pools SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; AEROSOL-OT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AZIDE ION; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; METHYL-IODIDE; CYANIDE ION AB Reorientation and vibrational energy relaxation times have been measured by ultrafast transient polarization IR spectroscopy for the antisymmetric stretching band in the 2000-2200 cm-1 region of pseudohalide ions, N-3(-), NCO-, and NCS-, confined in nanosize water pools of reverse micelles (RMs). The RMs are composed of nonionic nonylphenyl poly-oxyethylene surfactant in cyclohexane. Vibrational energy relaxation times (T-1) of the NCO- and NCS- ions are about three times longer in small RMs compared to bulk water, similar to our earlier results on the N-3(-) ion [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 7074 (2003)]. The longer T-1 times are attributed to the reduced interaction between the ions and water molecules due to confinement effects and hydration of the surfactant headgroups by water molecules. Reorientation times (T-R) of the N-3(-) and NCS- ions are found to be more than one order of magnitude longer in small RMs than in bulk H2O. The observed longer T-R times support the notion that water molecules inside RMs have very restricted mobility. As the water pool becomes larger with increasing water content, the interior water is less affected by the interface and bulk water properties reappear, leading to shorter T-1 and T-R times. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 51 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 17 BP 9171 EP 9177 DI 10.1063/1.1614207 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FH UT WOS:000185988900040 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Aguiar, JC Weiss, WR Sette, A Felgner, PL Regis, DP Quinones-Casas, P Yates, JR Blair, PL Ritchie, TL Hoffman, SL Carucci, DJ AF Doolan, DL Aguiar, JC Weiss, WR Sette, A Felgner, PL Regis, DP Quinones-Casas, P Yates, JR Blair, PL Ritchie, TL Hoffman, SL Carucci, DJ TI Utilization of genomic sequence information to develop malaria vaccines SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Plasmodium; P. falciparum; vaccine; genomics; proteomics; molecular immunology; immune screening; multi-epitope ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITEMIA; TROPHOZOITE-INDUCED INFECTIONS; ERYTHROCYTIC-STAGE MALARIA; T-CELL EPITOPES; RETROSPECTIVE EXAMINATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; DNA MICROARRAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Recent advances in the fields of genomics, proteomics and molecular immunology offer tremendous opportunities for the development of novel interventions against public health threats, including malaria. However, there is currently no algorithm that can effectively identify the targets of protective T cell or antibody responses from genomic data. Furthermore, the identification of antigens that will stimulate the most effective immunity against the target pathogen is problematic, particularly if the genome is large. Malaria is an attractive model for the development and validation of approaches to translate genomic information to vaccine development because of the critical need for effective anti-malarial interventions and because the Plasmodium parasite is a complex multi-stage pathogen targeted by multiple immune responses. Sterile protective immunity can be achieved by immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, and anti-disease immunity can be induced in residents in malaria-endemic areas. However, the 23 Mb Plasmodium falciparum genome encodes more than 5300 proteins, each of which is a potential target of protective immune responses. The current generation of subunit vaccines is based on a single or few antigens and therefore might elicit too narrow a breadth of response. We are working towards the development of a new generation vaccine based on the presumption that duplicating the protection induced by the whole organism may require a vaccine nearly as complex as the organism itself. Here, we present our strategy to exploit the genomic sequence of P. falciparum for malaria vaccine development. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dooland@nmrc.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 88 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 206 IS 21 BP 3789 EP 3802 DI 10.1242/jeb.00615 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 755FW UT WOS:000187393700014 PM 14506214 ER PT J AU Brown, CVR Virgilio, GR Vazquez, WD AF Brown, CVR Virgilio, GR Vazquez, WD TI Wandering spleen and its complications in children: A case series and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE spleen; splenic diseases; lien; splenic; wander; wandering; aberrant; floating; displaced; prolapse; drift; dislocate; dystopic; mobilis; ptotic; splenoptosis; mobile; torsion ID PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME; SPLENIC TORSION; LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENOPEXY; PELVIC SPLEEN; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDHOOD AB Wandering spleen is an uncommon clinical entity, which rarely affects children and adolescents. It is usually described in adults, especially women of childbearing age. Discussion in the literature has been limited to case reports and small case series. Here the authors present 2 children and 1 adolescent that presented to the authors institution over a 9-month period with complications from a wandering spleen. All 3 patients had very different clinical presentations, and this variety is a constant theme throughout the literature. We also identified an additional 127 cases of wandering spleen in patients younger than 21 years. In this report we discuss the clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluation, treatment options, and clinical outcomes as they relate to wandering spleen. C1 USAF, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg,Div Pediat Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Vazquez, WD (reprint author), USAF, USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg,Div Pediat Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1676 EP 1679 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(03)00582-7 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 743GZ UT WOS:000186565200025 PM 14614725 ER PT J AU Miller, OF Smith, LJ Ferrara, EX McAleer, IM Kaplan, GW AF Miller, OF Smith, LJ Ferrara, EX McAleer, IM Kaplan, GW TI Presentation of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pediatric population SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE retroperitoneal fibrosis; therapeutic ID STEROID-THERAPY; CHILD; BOY AB Idiopathic fibrosis of the retroperitoneum is rare in childhood. The authors describe an 11-year-old boy who presented with progressive renal failure, bilateral hydronephrosis, hypertension, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) owing to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Ureterolysis was performed with improvement in his creatinine level and blood pressure. The soft tissue mass consisted of dense collagenous fibers consistent with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Postoperatively, he received steroids and azathioprine. Retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pediatric population is rare with only 23 cases reported in the English-language literature. Treatment includes pulsed steroid regimens, ureteral catheterization, and retroperitoneal exploration with ureterolysis. If allowed to progress, renal failure can result and lead to death. The etiology of retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pediatric patient may include autoimmune diseases, infection, and neoplasm, but most cases are idiopathic. Retroperitoneal fibrosis should be considered in patients with an elevated ESR, hypertension, renal failure, and hydronephrosis. Evaluation also should include a search for autoimmune diseases and malignancy. C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Miller, OF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1685 EP 1688 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(03)00590-6 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 743GZ UT WOS:000186565200027 PM 14614727 ER PT J AU Nielsen, CP Thierfelder, K Robinson, S AF Nielsen, CP Thierfelder, K Robinson, S TI Consumer preferences and trade in genetically modified foods SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; genetically modified food; agricultural trade; global trade patterns; preferences; multi-region CGE modeling AB Major agricultural exporters have adopted genetic engineering in agriculture to increase productivity. However, consumers in certain importing countries, particularly the EU and Japan, are wary of these products. In this paper, we analyze the impact of consumer attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) food on global production, prices, and trade patterns. We find that the potential benefits for GM producers depend crucially on consumer willingness to accept these new varieties. If consumers in some countries reject GM foods, then the global benefits from GM products are reduced and distributed differently. Production of non-GM foods may increase, despite the productivity gains in GM varieties. (C) 2003 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Danish Res Inst Food Econ, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Thierfelder, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 8 BP 777 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2003.07.001 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 754TW UT WOS:000187348600006 ER PT J AU Kim, WH Kushto, GP Kim, H Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, WH Kushto, GP Kim, H Kafafi, ZH TI Effect of annealing on the electrical properties and morphology of a conducting polymer used as an anode in organic light-emitting devices SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE conducting polymers; annealing; organic light-emitting diodes ID TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; PEDOT-PSS; DIODES; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE); SPECTROSCOPY; COATINGS; LAYER AB The surface sheet resistance of conducting films of glycerol-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) is largely dependent on the annealing temperature. The presence of free glycerol in insufficiently baked films, as indicated by infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis, results in conducting polymer films with poor morphology and low electrical conductivity. The device performance of organic light-emitting diodes using this modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) as an anode is also greatly affected by the baking conditions of the conducting films. The maximum light output, current density, and luminous power efficiency are observed from devices using anodes baked at a high temperature close to the boiling point of glycerol. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 21 BP 2522 EP 2528 DI 10.1002/polb.10646 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 732VY UT WOS:000185967300006 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI Confederate industry: Manufacturers and quartermasters in the Civil War. SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 919 EP 920 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 740YQ UT WOS:000186431200053 ER PT J AU Renevier, H Grenier, S Arnaud, S Berar, JF Caillot, B Hodeau, JL Letoublon, A Proietti, MG Ravel, B AF Renevier, H Grenier, S Arnaud, S Berar, JF Caillot, B Hodeau, JL Letoublon, A Proietti, MG Ravel, B TI Diffraction anomalous fine-structure spectroscopy at beamline BM2 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE diffraction; DAFS ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FORBIDDEN REFLECTIONS; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; DAFS; SITE; SUPERLATTICE; MAGNETITE; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; CHARGE AB Diffraction anomalous fine-structure (DAFS) spectroscopy uses resonant elastic X-rays scattering as an atomic, shell and site-selective probe that provides information on the electronic structure and the local atomic environment as well as on the long-range-ordered crystallographic structure. A DAFS experiment consists of measuring the Bragg peak intensities as a function of the energy of the incoming X-ray beam. The French CRG ( Collaborative Research Group) beamline BM2-D2AM ( Diffraction Diffusion Anomale Multi-longueurs d'Onde) at the ESRF ( European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) has developed a state-of-the-art energy scan diffraction set-up. In this article the requirements for obtaining reliable DAFS data are presented and recent technical achievements are reported. C1 CNRS, Cristallog Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Corros Chem & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Renevier, H (reprint author), Commiss Energie Atom, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, SP2M NRS, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RI Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014; d2am, beamline/I-6445-2015 OI Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375; NR 45 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1107/S0909049503021332 PN 6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 730HX UT WOS:000185826300006 PM 14551444 ER PT J AU Love, RH Thompson, CH Nero, RW AF Love, RH Thompson, CH Nero, RW TI Changes in volume reverberation from deep to shallow water in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-SCATTERING AB Scattering from fish is a primary cause of volume reverberation and, since fish populations change from deep to shallow water, the character of volume reverberation should also change. However, there are few data available to document expected changes. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in the eastern Gulf of Mexico to investigate possible changes in volume reverberation from deep to slope to shelf waters. Results showed that volume reverberation in outer shelf waters varied more rapidly with respect to both time and space than that in deeper waters. Day-time scattering was similar for deep, slope and shelf waters, total scattering strengths generally increased with frequency. Night-time scattering for the deep ocean and slope also increased with increasing frequency. Scattering modeling suggests that swimbladder-bearing fishes smaller than 10 cm were, responsible for the observed volume reverberation. Night-time scattering at the outer shelf location was very different, with strong scattering peaks at low frequencies. Scattering modeling implicates 12-15 cm rough scad and round herring as potential causes of the low frequency peaks. Hence, experiment results confirmed that, as expected, volume reverberation over shelf waters is different and more variable than in deeper waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 BayouAcoustics, Pass Christian, MS 39571 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Love, RH (reprint author), BayouAcoustics, Pass Christian, MS 39571 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2698 EP 2708 DI 10.1121/1.1610458 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 741YZ UT WOS:000186489100017 PM 14650006 ER PT J AU Hayek, SI Boisvert, JE AF Hayek, SI Boisvert, JE TI Vibration of prolate spheroidal shells with shear deformation and rotatory inertia: Axisymmetric case SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; FORCED VIBRATIONS; RADIATION; SOUND AB This paper presents the derivation of the equations for nonaxisymmetric motion of prolate spheroidal shells of constant thickness. The equations include the effect of distributed mechanical surface forces and moments. The shell theory used in this derivation includes three displacements and two thickness shear rotations. Thus, the effects of membrane, bending, shear deformation, and rotatory inertia are included in this theory. The resulting five coupled partial differential equations are self-adjoint and positive definite. The frequency-wave-number spectrum has five branches, two acoustic and three optical branches representing flexural, extensional, torsional, and two thickness shear. For the case of axisymmetric motion, these were computed for various spheroidal shell eccentricities and thickness-to-length ratios for a large number of modes. The axisymmetric dynamic response for damped shells of various eccentricities and thicknesses under point and ring surface forces are presented. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Act Vibrat Control Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hayek, SI (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Act Vibrat Control Lab, 212 Earth & Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2799 EP 2811 DI 10.1121/1.1616925 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 741YZ UT WOS:000186489100026 PM 14650015 ER PT J AU Landry, D Annunziata, E Becker, B AF Landry, D Annunziata, E Becker, B TI Management of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients using a darbepoetin treatment algorithm: A twelve month experience. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Nephrol, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 782A EP 782A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219103597 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD AF Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD TI A simplified Fourier method for nonhydrostatic mountain waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MODEL; FLOWS; LEE AB A previously derived approximation to the standard Fourier integral technique for linear mountain waves is extended to include nonhydrostatic effects in a background flow with height-dependent wind and stratification. The approximation involves using ray theory to simplify the vertical eigenfunctions. The generalization to nonhydrostatic waves requires special treatment for resonant modes and caustics. Resonant modes are handled with a small amount of damping, and caustics are handled with a uniformly valid approximation involving the Airy function. This method is developed for both two- and three-dimensional flows, and its results are shown to compare well with an exact analytical result for two- dimensional mountain waves and with a numerical simulation for two- and three-dimensional mountain waves. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Broutman, D (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 60 IS 21 BP 2686 EP 2696 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2686:ASFMFN>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 733HU UT WOS:000185994900009 ER PT J AU Weizer, AZ Silverstein, AD Auge, BK Delvecchio, FC Raj, G Albala, DM Leder, R Preminger, GM AF Weizer, AZ Silverstein, AD Auge, BK Delvecchio, FC Raj, G Albala, DM Leder, R Preminger, GM TI Determining the incidence of horseshoe kidney from radiographic data at a single institution SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; abnormalities; radiography; anatomy ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB Purpose: An estimated 150,000 children are born with birth defects each year. One of the most frequent genitourinary abnormalities is horseshoe kidney (HSK). The incidence of HSK in the population is estimated to be 1/400 to 1,600 births based on autopsy data from the 1940s and 1950s. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of HSK based on radiographic studies to determine the contemporary incidence of HSK. Materials and Methods: In a 6-month period patients undergoing abdominal computerized tomography, renal ultrasonography and excretory urography were screened for HSK. After identification medical charts were reviewed for demographics, history, study indication and findings. A literature review of 12 studies of 825 patients with HSK was compared with the current series with regard to common associated findings. Results: From 15,320 radiographs 23 patients were identified with HSK for an overall incidence of 1/666. Computerized tomography, excretory urography and ultrasound identified 16, 5 and 2 patients, respectively, while 16 were male, 7 were female, 20 were adults and 3 were children. The most common concomitant urological disorder was nephrolithiasis in 9 patients (39%), prompting operative intervention in 4. The radiographic incidence of HSK closely matched data from autopsy series and yet it differed from that in current radiographic series using ultrasound in the perinatal period. Conclusions: Our radiographic evaluation of the HSK incidence closely matches past autopsy series. This finding suggests that the incidence of HSK remains stable despite an increasing number of birth defects. Moreover, it appears that radiographic studies can accurately estimate the incidence of congenital anatomical disorders. Our data suggest that HSK is a relatively benign condition with a low requirement for operative intervention in these incidentally identified patients. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Durham, NC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Preminger, GM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Box 3167,Room 1572D White Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 26 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 170 IS 5 BP 1722 EP 1726 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000092537.96414.4a PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 730YU UT WOS:000185858400004 PM 14532762 ER PT J AU Crain, DS Miller, OF Smith, LJ Roberts, JL Ross, EV AF Crain, DS Miller, OF Smith, LJ Roberts, JL Ross, EV TI Transcutaneous laser hair ablation for management of intraurethral hair after hypospadias repair: Initial experience SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE lasers; urethra; surgery; hypospadias ID URETHROPLASTY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crain, DS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 170 IS 5 BP 1948 EP 1949 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000091657.32531.69 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 730YU UT WOS:000185858400065 PM 14532821 ER PT J AU Pulskamp, JS Wickenden, A Polcawich, R Piekarski, B Dubey, M Smith, G AF Pulskamp, JS Wickenden, A Polcawich, R Piekarski, B Dubey, M Smith, G TI Mitigation of residual film stress deformation in multilayer microelectromechanical systems cantilever devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-STRAIN; MEMS; BEAMS AB An approach to compensate for the residual thin film stress deformation of multilayer microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices is presented based upon analytical and numerical modeling and in-process thin film characterization. Thermal and intrinsic deposition stresses can lead to the warping of released MEMS structures. This detrimental phenomenon in many cases can prevent proper device operation. Ellispsometric and laser wafer how. measurements yield thickness and film stress values that are used to update the deflection model during device fabrication, allowing for the compensation of the fabrication process variability. The derivations of linear and nonlinear residual film stress induced deflection models are presented. These models are based upon Bernoulli-Euler beam theory and are thus restricted to the associated geometric constraints. The models are initially validated by comparison with surface micro-machined sol-gel lead-zirconate-titanate cantilever structures; with initial experimental results agreeing well with both. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Pulskamp, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jpulskamp@arl.army.mil NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2482 EP 2486 DI 10.1116/1.1615982 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600036 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Virgin, LN Todd, MD Nichols, JD AF Nichols, JM Virgin, LN Todd, MD Nichols, JD TI On the use of attractor dimension as a feature in structural health monitoring SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS; DAMAGE DETECTION; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB Recent works in the vibration-based structural health monitoring community have emphasised the use of correlation dimension as a discriminating statistic in seperating a damaged from undamaged response. This paper explores the utility of attractor dimension as a 'feature' and offers some comparisons between different metrics reflecting dimension. This focus is on evaluating the performance of two different measures of dimension as damage indicators in a structural health monitoring context. Results indicate that the correlation dimension is probably a poor choice of statistic for the purpose of signal discrimination. Other measures of dimension may be used for the same purposes with a higher degree of statistical reliability. The question of competing methodologies is placed in a hypothesis testing framework and answered with experimental data taken from a cantilivered beam. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1320 DI 10.1006/mssp.2002.1521 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 713HT UT WOS:000184852000010 ER PT J AU Butler, F O'Connor, K AF Butler, F O'Connor, K TI Antibiotics in Tactical Combat Casualty Care 2002 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PENETRATING ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; THERAPY; FLUOROQUINOLONES; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; SEPSIS; RISK AB Care of casualties in the tactical combat environment should include the use of prophylactic antibiotics for all open wounds. Cefoxitin was the antibiotic recommended in the 1996 article "Tactical Combat Casualty Care in Special Operations." The present authors recommend that oral gatifloxacin should be the antibiotic of choice because of its ease of carriage and administration, excellent spectrum of action, and relatively mild side effect profile. For those casualties unable to take oral antibiotics because of unconsciousness, penetrating abdominal trauma, or shock, cefotetan is recommended because of its longer duration of action than cefoxitin. C1 Combat Applicat Grp, ABN, Ft Bragg, NC USA. USN Hosp, Detachment Pensacola, Naval Special Warfare Command, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Butler, F (reprint author), Combat Applicat Grp, ABN, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 168 IS 11 BP 911 EP 914 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 755KU UT WOS:000187402700013 PM 14680047 ER PT J AU Ragain, JC Cullum, ME Lininger, LA Schade, SZ Cope, SE Simonson, LG AF Ragain, JC Cullum, ME Lininger, LA Schade, SZ Cope, SE Simonson, LG TI Diagnosis of militarily relevant diseases using oral fluid and saliva antibodies: Fluorescence polarization immunoassay SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ANTHRAX VACCINE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; HEPATITIS-A; TOXIN; PROTEIN; SERUM; ASSAY AB This laboratory is developing fluorescence polarization (FP) methods as diagnostic tools to assay antibodies in saliva and other oral fluids. FP provides quantitation of molecular interaction, such as antigen-antibody binding, of a single, small-volume sample in real time and without prior separation of components such as blood cells. There is potential for widespread use of these homogeneous assays as noninvasive tests, especially as more compact, simplified fluorescence polarimeters become available. FP tests can be designed that are applicable to a wide spectrum of microorganisms and may be used in a clinic or far-forward deployed setting to aid in diagnosis of disease or verification of vaccination. Rapid salivary diagnostics, including FP, have been identified by the Office of Naval Research as requirements for future naval capabilities in basic and applied medical research for warfighter protection in casualty prevention. The applications of FP salivary diagnostics for determination of tuberculosis exposure and of anthrax immunization status are discussed as examples. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Dept Appl Lab Sci, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Cullum, ME (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Dept Appl Lab Sci, 310A B-St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 168 IS 11 BP 915 EP 921 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 755KU UT WOS:000187402700014 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Ngodock, HE AF Jacobs, GA Ngodock, HE TI The maintenance of conservative physical laws within data assimilation systems SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ALTIMETER DATA; MODEL; FILTER; OCEAN AB In many data assimilation applications, adding an error to represent forcing to certain dynamical equations may be physically unrealistic. Four-dimensional variational methods assume either an error in the dynamical equations of motion (weak constraint) or no error (strong constraint). The weak-constraint methodology proposes the errors to represent uncertainties in either forcing of the dynamical equations or parameterizations of dynamics. Dynamical equations that represent conservation of quantities (mass, entropy, momentum, etc.) may be cast in an analytical or control volume flux form containing minimal errors. The largest errors arise in determining the fluxes through control volume surfaces. Application of forcing errors to conservation formulas produces non-physical results (generation or destruction of mass or other properties), whereas application of corrections to the fluxes that contribute to the conservation formulas maintains the physically realistic conservation property while providing an ability to account for uncertainties in flux parameterizations. The results suggest that advanced assimilation systems must not be liberal in applying errors to conservative equations. Rather systems must carefully consider the points at which the errors exist and account for them correctly. Though careful accounting of error sources is certainly not an entirely new idea, this paper provides a focused examination of the problem and examines one possible solution within the 4D variational framework. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), NRL Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 131 IS 11 BP 2595 EP 2607 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2595:TMOCPL>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740XJ UT WOS:000186427700005 ER PT J AU Wild, MA Xin, H Maruyama, T Nolan, MJ Calveley, PM Malone, JD Wallace, MR Bowdish, KS AF Wild, MA Xin, H Maruyama, T Nolan, MJ Calveley, PM Malone, JD Wallace, MR Bowdish, KS TI Human antibodies from immunized donors are protective against anthrax toxin in vivo SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; COMPONENT AB A panel of Fabs that neutralize anthrax toxin in vitro was selected from libraries generated from human donors vaccinated against anthrax. At least two of these antibodies protect rats from anthrax intoxication in vivo. Fabs 83K7C and 63L1D bind with subnanomolar affinity to protective antigen (PA) 63, and Fab 63L1D neutralizes toxin substoichiometrically, inhibits lethal factor (LF) interaction with PA63 and binds to a conformational epitope formed by PA63. C1 Alex Antibody Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bowdish, KS (reprint author), Alex Antibody Technol Inc, 3985 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM kbowdish@alxnsd.com NR 7 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1306 DI 10.1038/nbt891 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 739AL UT WOS:000186320000030 PM 14555959 ER PT J AU Cetina, C Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Getaneh, M Tumey, SJ Raffanti, R Siegmund, OHW Vallerga, JV AF Cetina, C Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Getaneh, M Tumey, SJ Raffanti, R Siegmund, OHW Vallerga, JV TI A microchannel plate system for accelerator mass spectrometry measurements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL UNIV LEICESTER, LEICESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEICESTER DE microchannel plate detectors; double-delay line; accelerator mass spectrometry ID DETECTOR; AMS AB The position-sensitive focal plane detector system for the trace element accelerator mass spectrometer at the US Naval Research Laboratory consists of 12 microchannel plate detector modules. Each module provides a 10 x 2 cm(2) active area and together they cover 80% of the split-pole spectrograph focal plane. The MCP detects electrons produced when an MeV ion beam passes through a thin carbon foil placed at 45degrees with respect to the beam. The electric charge is amplified and deposited on a double-delay line anode, with differential timing at the two ends providing horizontal position. Vertical position is evaluated from top-to-bottom charge partitioning. The collected charge is converted to timing signals through specially designed readout electronics based on the MQT300A LeCroy integrated circuit. A 400-mum horizontal resolution was obtained from ion beam generated secondary electrons accelerated to 2.5 keV. A Helmholtz-type coil pair was built for further confining the secondary electrons with a magnetic field. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lincoln Univ, Lincoln, PA 19352 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sensor Sci, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 USA. RP Cetina, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 513 IS 1-2 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.070 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 741DB UT WOS:000186442500083 ER PT J AU Melnik, Y Soukhoveev, V Ivantsov, V Sizov, V Pechnikov, A Tsvetkov, K Kovalenkov, O Dmitriev, V Nikolaev, A Kuznetsov, N Silveira, E Freitas, J AF Melnik, Y Soukhoveev, V Ivantsov, V Sizov, V Pechnikov, A Tsvetkov, K Kovalenkov, O Dmitriev, V Nikolaev, A Kuznetsov, N Silveira, E Freitas, J TI AlN substrates: fabrication via vapor phase growth and characterization SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-5) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL NARA, JAPAN ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE; SUBLIMATION GROWTH; BULK CRYSTALS; EPITAXY; GAN AB A new vapor phase crystal growth technique was applied to fabricate single crystal AlN wafers up to 1.75-inch diameter. The wafers were sliced from AlN crystals and polished. Fabricated AlN wafers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, TEM, and cathodoluminescence. X-ray diffraction and TEM studies confirmed single crystal structure of grown material. High electrical resistivity of these AlN wafers was verified. AlN homoepitaxial layers exhibiting sharp near-band-edge emission were grown on fabricated AlN substrates. These results open the door for the commercialization of AlN substrates for advanced high-power mm-wave devices and optoelectronic devices based on Group III-nitride semiconductors. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Wembeim. C1 TDI Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 124091, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Fis, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Melnik, Y (reprint author), TDI Inc, 12214 Plum Orchard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RI Pussa, assa1/G-8602-2011; Nikolaev, Andrey/A-8762-2014; Pechnikov, Aleksei/I-5410-2014 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 200 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1002/pssa.200303522 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 753MF UT WOS:000187234600006 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Koleske, DD Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY AF Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Koleske, DD Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY TI Shallow donors in GaN SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK ID PHASE EPITAXIAL GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SAPPHIRE; EXCITONS; GROWTH; FILMS; SI AB High-resolution, variable temperature PL experiments were performed in the spectral region associated with recombination processes involving the ground and excited states of the neutral donor bound excitons. High-resolution infrared measurements in combination with high-sensitive SIMS unambiguously identified Si and O shallow donors and yield their ground state binding energies. These binding energies are in excellent agreement with values obtained by the analysis of the two-electron-satellite PL spectra considering the participation of ground and excited state donor bound excitons. This work clarifies conflicting aspects existing in donor identification and the binding energies of the impurities and excitons. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Fis, BR-70910 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 240 IS 2 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303402 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VV UT WOS:000186712100013 ER PT J AU Badescu, SC Jacobi, K Wang, Y Bedurftig, K Ertl, G Salo, P Ala-Nissila, T Ying, SC AF Badescu, SC Jacobi, K Wang, Y Bedurftig, K Ertl, G Salo, P Ala-Nissila, T Ying, SC TI Vibrational states of a H monolayer on the Pt(111) surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; HYDROGEN; ADSORPTION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PLATINUM; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDRIDES; IRIDIUM AB We present high-resolution electron energy-loss data and theoretical modeling for the vibrational properties of an atomic monolayer of H (D) on the Pt(111) surface. Experimentally we find three loss peaks, in contrast with two peaks visible in the low-coverage case. A three-dimensional adiabatic potential-energy surface at full coverage of hydrogen is obtained through first-principles calculations. When the zero-point energy effects are included, the minimum energy adsorption site is found to be the fcc site just as in the low-coverage case. Vibrational band states for motion in this potential-energy surface are computed and the excited states associated with the observed loss peaks identified. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Badescu, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wang, Yuemin/B-7507-2014; Ala-Nissila, Tapio/B-4723-2017 OI Ala-Nissila, Tapio/0000-0002-3210-3181 NR 25 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 20 AR 205401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.205401 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754KB UT WOS:000187314400070 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Freitas, JA Shanabrook, BV Koleske, DD Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY AF Glaser, ER Freitas, JA Shanabrook, BV Koleske, DD Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY TI Optically detected magnetic resonance of (effective-mass) shallow acceptors in Si-doped GaN homoepitaxial layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE-EPITAXY; CURRENT COLLAPSE; WURTZITE GAN; RECOMBINATION; LUMINESCENCE; DONORS; TRANSISTORS; IMPURITIES; ALLOYS; CARBON AB Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) has been performed on Si-doped GaN homoepitaxial layers grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition on free-standing GaN templates. In addition to intense excitonic bandedge emission with narrow linewidths (<0.4 meV), these films exhibit strong shallow donor-shallow acceptor recombination at 3.27 eV. Most notably, ODMR on this photoluminescence band reveals a highly anisotropic resonance with g(parallel to)=2.193+/-0.001 and g(perpendicular to)similar to0 as expected for effective-mass shallow acceptors in wurtzitic GaN from k.p theory. This previously elusive result is attributed to the much reduced dislocation density and impurity levels compared to those typically found in the widely investigated Mg-doped GaN heteroepitaxial layers. The possible chemical origin of the shallow acceptors in these homoepitaxial films will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Samsung SAIT, Suwon 440600, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 19 AR 195201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.195201 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 752LU UT WOS:000187163000059 ER PT J AU Panguluri, RP Tsoi, G Nadgorny, B Chun, SH Samarth, N Mazin, II AF Panguluri, RP Tsoi, G Nadgorny, B Chun, SH Samarth, N Mazin, II TI Point contact spin spectroscopy of ferromagnetic MnAs epitaxial films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANDREEV REFLECTION; POLARIZATION; METAL; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSITION; INJECTION; JUNCTIONS AB We use point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy to measure the transport spin polarization of MnAs epitaxial films grown on (001) GaAs. By analyzing both the temperature dependence of the contact resistance and the phonon spectra of lead, acquired simultaneously with the spin polarization measurements, we demonstrate that all the contacts are in the ballistic limit. A ballistic transport spin polarization of approximately 49% and 44% is obtained for the type A and type B orientations of MnAs, respectively. These measurements are consistent with our density functional calculations, and with recent observations of a large tunnel magnetoresistance in MnAs/AlAs/(Ga,Mn)As tunnel junctions. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 20 AR 201307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.201307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754KB UT WOS:000187314400008 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Efros, AL Gammon, D Merkulov, IA AF Shabaev, A Efros, AL Gammon, D Merkulov, IA TI Optical readout and initialization of an electron spin in a single quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WELLS AB We describe theoretically the resonant optical excitation of a trion with circularly polarized light and discuss how this trion permits the readout of a single electron spin through a recycling transition. Optical pumping through a combination of circularly polarized optical pi pulses with permanent or pi-pulsed transverse magnetic fields suggests feasible protocols for spin initialization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 20 AR 201305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.201305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754KB UT WOS:000187314400006 ER PT J AU Morgan, D Bollt, EM Schwartz, IB AF Morgan, D Bollt, EM Schwartz, IB TI Constructing constrained invariant sets in multiscale continuum systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION SYSTEMS; CHAOTIC SADDLES; MANIFOLDS; DYNAMICS; DIMENSIONS AB We present a method that we name the constrained invariant manifold method, a visualization tool to construct stable and unstable invariant sets of a map or flow, where the invariant sets are constrained to lie on a slow invariant manifold. The construction of stable and unstable sets constrained to an unstable slow manifold is exemplified in a singularly perturbed model arising from a structural-mechanical system consisting of a pendulum coupled to a viscoelastic rod. Additionally, we extend the step and stagger method [D. Sweet, H. Nusse, and J. Yorke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2261 (2001)] to calculate a delta pseudoorbit on a chaotic saddle constrained to the slow manifold in order to be able to compute the Lyapunov exponents of the saddle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Morgan, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 056210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056210 PN 2 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TQ UT WOS:000187183600045 PM 14682874 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Sprangle, P Serafim, P Hafizi, B Ting, A AF Penano, JR Sprangle, P Serafim, P Hafizi, B Ting, A TI Stimulated Raman scattering of intense laser pulses in air SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; GENERATION AB Stimulated rotational Raman scattering (SRRS) is known to be one of the processes limiting the propagation of high-power laser beams in the atmosphere. In this paper, SRRS, Kerr nonlinearity effects, and group velocity dispersion of short laser pulses and pulse trains are analyzed and simulated. Fully time-dependent, three-dimensional, nonlinear propagation equations describing the Raman interaction, optical Kerr nonlinearity due to bound electrons, and group velocity dispersion are presented and discussed. The effective time-dependent nonlinear refractive index containing both Kerr and Raman processes is derived. Linear stability analysis is used to obtain growth rates and phase matching conditions for the SRRS, modulational, and filamentation instabilities. Numerical solutions of the propagation equations in three dimensions show the detailed evolution of the Raman scattering instability for various pulse formats. The dependence of the growth rate of SRRS on pulse duration is examined and under certain conditions it is shown that short (similar topsec) laser pulses are stable to the SRRS instability. The interaction of pulses in a train through the Raman polarization field is also illustrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 056502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056502 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TQ UT WOS:000187183600070 PM 14682899 ER PT J AU Wassgren, CR Cordova, JA Zenit, R Karion, A AF Wassgren, CR Cordova, JA Zenit, R Karion, A TI Dilute granular flow around an immersed cylinder SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MATERIALS ROUND OBSTACLES; GRAVITY FLOW; ASSEMBLIES; INSERTS; SILO; WAVE AB In this paper we investigate a two-dimensional dilute granular flow around an immersed cylinder using discrete element computer simulations. Simulation measurements of the drag force acting on the cylinder, F-d, are expressed in terms of a dimensionless drag coefficient, C-d=F-d/[1/2rhonu(infinity)U(infinity)(2)(D+d)], where rho is the upstream particle mass density, nu(infinity) is the upstream solid fraction, U-infinity is the upstream velocity, and (D+d) is the sum of the cylinder diameter, D, and surrounding particle diameter, d. The drag coefficient increases rapidly with decreasing Mach number for subsonic Mach numbers, but remains insensitive to Mach number for supersonic values. The drag coefficient is also a strong function of the flow Knudsen number, with the drag coefficient increasing with increasing Knudsen number and approaching an asymptotic value for very large Knudsen numbers. The drag coefficient decreases with decreasing normal coefficient of restitution and is relatively insensitive to the friction coefficient. Bow shock structures and expansion fans are also observed in the simulations and are compared to similar structures observed in compressible gas flows. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wassgren, CR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Zenit, Roberto/0000-0002-2717-4954 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 2003 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3318 EP 3330 DI 10.1063/1.1608937 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 731BY UT WOS:000185865700008 ER PT J AU Rudakov, LI Chuvatin, A Velikovich, AL Davis, J AF Rudakov, LI Chuvatin, A Velikovich, AL Davis, J TI Confinement and compression of magnetic flux by plasma shells SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PUFF Z-PINCH; GAS-PUFF; ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; FIELDS; RADIATION; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION AB Confinement and compression of magnetic flux by plasma shells is of interest for a variety of applications associated with keV x-ray production in pulsed-power driven Z-pinch plasma radiation sources (PRS). Confinement of a B-z field with a B-theta field of the pinch current can help stabilize the implosion of a shell from a large initial radius. Compression of the azimuthal magnetic flux in the PRS (secondary) circuit with a plasma shell driven by B-theta field of the primary circuit may represent a new opportunity for using a low-cost, relatively slow pulsed power to generate large amounts of keV x rays. The magnetic field has to be compressed and/or confined by low-mass plasma shells emitting soft x-ray radiation that limits the temperature and conductivity of the shell plasma. The thickness of a plasma shell is established self-consistently during the implosion, and it is not obvious whether or not the shell becomes thick enough to confine or compress the magnetic flux. The results of analytical theory and numerical simulations demonstrate that the flux-compressing capability of a low-beta plasma shell is surprisingly good because the shell is shown to dynamically adjust its thickness so that it always remains of the order of its skin depth. The self-similar profiles of confined magnetic field predicted by the theory are consistently reproduced in the simulations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys & Technol Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudakov, LI (reprint author), Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4435 EP 4447 DI 10.1063/1.1614254 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400029 ER PT J AU Jones, TG Ting, A Kaganovich, D Moore, CI Sprangle, P AF Jones, TG Ting, A Kaganovich, D Moore, CI Sprangle, P TI Spatially resolved interferometric measurement of a discharge capillary plasma channel SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY LASER-PULSES; WAVE-GUIDE; ACCELERATOR; DENSITY; IONIZATION; PROFILE; PHASE AB The plasma density distribution within a capillary discharge determines its performance as a waveguide for high intensity laser pulses. This paper describes direct, spatially resolved density measurements of a discharge capillary plasma channel, obtained using transverse interferometry. A transparent glass discharge capillary with square cross section was designed and constructed to provide a clear side view for interferometric imaging. Localized density profiles were reconstructed both inside and outside the capillary. Density channels suitable for high-intensity laser guiding were directly measured, revealing significant axial density gradients inside the capillary near the ends, as well as possible curvature of the channel. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leading Edge Technol Inc, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Jones, TG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4504 EP 4512 DI 10.1063/1.1615578 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400036 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Ting, A Hubbard, RF Briscoe, E Manka, C Slinker, SP Baronavski, AP Ladouceur, HD Grounds, PW Girardi, PG AF Gordon, DF Ting, A Hubbard, RF Briscoe, E Manka, C Slinker, SP Baronavski, AP Ladouceur, HD Grounds, PW Girardi, PG TI Streamerless guided electric discharges triggered by femtosecond laser filaments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC SPATIAL REPLENISHMENT; ULTRA-SHORT PULSES; PLASMA CHANNEL; AIR; PROPAGATION; CONDUCTIVITY; DEPENDENCE; DENSITY; GASES; BEAM AB The time evolution of electrical discharges induced and guided between the cathode of a Van de Graf generator and a ground sphere was studied using a 100 fs Ti:Sapphire laser. Nonlinear focusing and ionization effects produce optical and plasma filaments in the discharge region. Streak camera images often exhibit streamers that propagate towards the cathode, but sudden discharge triggering is frequently observed with no streamer precursors. The typical discharge triggering delay time was measured to be 150 ns. Similar time delays were obtained from an air chemistry code used to model the long time behavior of the plasma induced by the short laser pulse. The model shows that ohmic heating of the filament plasma persists over long time scales and inhibits the decay of electron density due to recombination and attachment processes. Eventually the rise in electron temperature causes the avalanche rate to increase to the point where breakdown occurs. The hydrodynamic density reduction process reported by Tzortzakis [Phys. Rev. E 64, 057401 (2001)] is also taken into consideration. Its main effect is found to be a hastening of the breakdown process. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Envisioneering Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4530 EP 4538 DI 10.1063/1.1618776 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400039 ER PT J AU Podewils, LJ McLay, RN Rebok, GW Lyketsos, CG AF Podewils, LJ McLay, RN Rebok, GW Lyketsos, CG TI Relationship of self-perceptions of memory and worry to objective measures of memory and cognition in the general population SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC CATCHMENT-AREA; MINI-MENTAL-STATE; OLDER-PEOPLE; FOLLOW-UP; COMPLAINTS; IMPAIRMENT; COMMUNITY; RESIDENTS; PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUALS AB This investigation compared how perceived memory ability or level of worry about memory related to performance on objective tests of memory and cognition. Data from 1, 488 participants from the Baltimore cohort of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were analyzed. Significant associations were found between self-ratings of memory and each of four objective measures of cognitive functioning. Memory worry was associated with worse delayed recall but not with worse word recognition, lower current Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, or greater change in MMSE score over time. Individuals experiencing changes in cognitive function appear to have some awareness of their condition, and a simple probe of a person's perception of memory in the context of a general medical evaluation may help identify those who need further assessment. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychiat, Div Geriatr Psychiat & Neuropsychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lyketsos, CG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Div Geriatr Psychiat & Neuropsychiat, 600 N Wolfe St,Osler 320, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-47447] NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 6 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.44.6.461 PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 738HH UT WOS:000186280800003 PM 14597680 ER PT J AU Pawlus, S Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J Paluch, M Roland, CM AF Pawlus, S Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J Paluch, M Roland, CM TI Effect of temperature and pressure on segmental relaxation in polymethylphenylsiloxane SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN DYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); POLYISOPRENE; NETWORKS; VOLUME; TIMES AB Segmental relaxation in a series of polymethylphenylsiloxanes (PMPS) was studied using dielectric spectroscopy. The measurements covered a temperature range of more than 40 deg at pressures from ambient to 115 MPa. The results confirmed that the shape of the loss peak is independent of temperature, pressure and molecular weight. Consequently, the T-g-scaled dependence of the relaxation times was also independent of molecular weight. The pressure dependence of the relaxation times was characterized by means of the activation volume. This quantity changes markedly with pressure at a given temperature. However, the activation volume at the respective glass transition temperatures of the PMPS are essentially invariant to molecular weight. Finally, we measured the dependence of T-g on pressure, with the results well-described by the Andersson equation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 EI 1943-4804 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1106 EP 1115 DI 10.5254/1.3547790 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 758ZU UT WOS:000187713300004 ER PT J AU Blackmon, F Desharnais, D Feaster, J Hughes, D Gieseke, T Forsythe, S Benjamin, K Kuklinski, R Farwell, M AF Blackmon, F Desharnais, D Feaster, J Hughes, D Gieseke, T Forsythe, S Benjamin, K Kuklinski, R Farwell, M TI High-speed munitions advanced test capability - An optical imaging and tracking system for the land/sea vulnerability test capability project SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. IIT Ind, Adv Engn & Sci Div, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 11 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 747EW UT WOS:000186793100002 ER PT J AU Lammons, G AF Lammons, G TI Seahorse UUV shows off in 'Giant Shadow' for the navy - Seahorse proves its value to the US Navy's submarine and special operations communities during the 10-day experiment SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lammons, G (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 11 BP 35 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 747EW UT WOS:000186793100006 ER PT J AU Griffin, S Bradley, J Richardson, MD AF Griffin, S Bradley, J Richardson, MD TI Improved subsequent burial instrumented mines - New instrumented mine continuously monitors burial behavior and near-field processes causing burial SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Griffin, S (reprint author), Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 11 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 747EW UT WOS:000186793100007 ER PT J AU Rife, JC Miller, MM Sheehan, PE Tamanaha, CR Tondra, M Whitman, LJ AF Rife, JC Miller, MM Sheehan, PE Tamanaha, CR Tondra, M Whitman, LJ TI Design and performance of GMR sensors for the detection of magnetic microbeads in biosensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE biosensors; GMR; magnetoresistance; magnetic microbeads; magnetic sensors ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; 1/F NOISE; SENSITIVITY; KINETICS; SYSTEM AB We are developing a biosensor system, the Bead ARray Counter (BARC), based on the capture and detection of micron-sized, paramagnetic beads on a chip containing an array of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors. Here we describe the design and performance of our current chip with 64 sensor zones, compare its performance with the previous chip design, and discuss a simple analytical model of the sensor micromagnetics. With assay-ready Dynal M-280 microbeads (2.8 mum diameter), our threshold for detection is approximately 10 beads per 200 mum-diameter sensor. Single beads made of solid Ni30Fe70 can easily be detected, but they must be made biocompatible. The relatively large size of our sensors helps to improve their practical sensitivity compared with other microsensor-based magnetic particle detectors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NVE Corp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Rife, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 29 TC 226 Z9 245 U1 6 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00380-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 739ZL UT WOS:000186376400001 ER PT J AU Laracuente, AR Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, AR Whitman, LJ TI Step structure and surface morphology of hydrogen- terminated silicon: (001) to (114) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; silicon; single crystal surfaces; hydrogen atom; chemisorption; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; surface energy; equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; VICINAL SI(001) SURFACES; SI(100) SURFACES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; PHASE; EQUILIBRIUM; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; SI AB We have determined the equilibrium step structures and surface morphology for the whole range of monohydrideterminated (0 0 1)-terrace-plus-step silicon surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy. The transformation in the equilibrium Si surface morphology caused by H-termination can be categorized into three different regimes delineated by the types of steps present on the clean surfaces. On nominal Si(0 0 1), the single-layer height B-type steps (S(B)) are mostly non-rebonded and rougher after H passivation. On surfaces dominated by double-layer height B-type steps (D(B)), such as Si(11 11), the non-rebonded D(B) and S(B) steps show a lower formation energy. Measurements on post-annealed surfaces indicate that the D(B) step formation energies strongly depend on H chemical potential. Smoother morphologies are observed following H-termination of surfaces oriented approximately between (117) and (114). This effect is quite apparent on Si(115), where the monohydride surface exhibits large (115)-(2 x 2) domains, a structure not observed on the clean surface. All of these structural modifications result directly from a change in the relative energies of the possible single- and double-layer step configurations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laracuente@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.08.038 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 737RN UT WOS:000186245700014 ER PT J AU Appawu, MA Bosompem, KM Dadzie, S McKakpo, US Anim-Baidoo, I Dykstra, E Szumlas, DE Rogers, WO Koram, K Fryauff, DJ AF Appawu, MA Bosompem, KM Dadzie, S McKakpo, US Anim-Baidoo, I Dykstra, E Szumlas, DE Rogers, WO Koram, K Fryauff, DJ TI Detection of malaria sporozoites by standard ELISA and VecTest (TM) dipstick assay in field-collected anopheline mosquitoes from a malaria endemic site in Ghana SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; Plasmodium falciparum; malaria vectors; dipstick assay; circumsporozoite protein ID VISUAL ASSESSMENT; PLASMODIUM; SAMPLES AB We compared the VecTest(TM) dipstick assay for detection of Plasmodium sporozoites in Anopheles vectors of malaria with standard circumsporozoite (CS) microplate ELISA for detection of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) in Anopheles mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were collected from a malaria endemic site (Kassena Nankana district) in northern Ghana. Of 2620 randomly sampled mosquitoes tested, the standard CS-ELISA gave a sporozoite rate of 10.8% compared with 11.2% by VecTest(TM), which was not statistically different (P = 0.66). Visual reading of the CS-ELISA results gave a sporozoite rate of 13.4%, which was higher than the other tests (P > 0.05). To allow a more objective evaluation of the sensitivity of the dipstick, an additional 136 known CS-ELISA-positive specimens were analysed. The prevalence of the test (including the additional samples) was 14.6% and 14.7% for CS-ELISA and dipstick, respectively (P > 0.05). The estimated prevalence by visual assessment of the CS-ELISA results was 17.5%. The relative specificity and sensitivity of the VecTest(TM) dipstick and visually read ELISA were estimated based on the CS-ELISA as a gold standard. The specificities of the dipstick and visual ELISA were high, 98.0% and 96.6%, respectively. However, the sensitivities of the two assays were 88.8% for VecTest and 100% for visual ELISA (P < 0.01). Concordance between VecTest and CS-ELISA was good (kappa = 0.86). Similarly, there was a good concordance between the dipstick and the visually read ELISA (kappa = 0.88). Extrapolating from PfCSP controls (titrated quantities of P. falciparum sporozoites), mean sporozoite loads of CS-ELISA-positive An. gambiae (286 +/- 28.05) and An. funestus (236 +/- 19.32) were determined (P = 0.146). The visual dipstick grades showed high correlation with sporozoite load. The more intense the dipstick colour, the higher the mean sporozoite load (+ = 108, ++ = 207, +++ = 290, r = 0.99, r(2) = 1). The VecTest dipstick offers practical advantages for field workers needing rapid and accurate means of detection of sporozoites in mosquitoes. C1 Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Appawu, MA (reprint author), Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, POB LG581, Legon, Ghana. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI95363] NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2003 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1012 EP 1017 DI 10.1046/j.1360-2276.2003.00127.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 736NZ UT WOS:000186178000008 PM 14629768 ER PT J AU Krahmann, G Visbeck, M Smethie, W D'Asaro, EA Rhines, PB Clarke, RA Lazier, J Davis, RE Niiler, PP Guest, PS Meincke, J Moore, GWK Pickart, RS Owens, WB AF Krahmann, G Visbeck, M Smethie, W D'Asaro, EA Rhines, PB Clarke, RA Lazier, J Davis, RE Niiler, PP Guest, PS Meincke, J Moore, GWK Pickart, RS Owens, WB TI The Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment data collection SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE deep convection; Labrador Sea; oceanography : general : descriptive and regional oceanography; oceanography : physical :; hydrography; oceanography : physical : eddies and mesoscale processes ID COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; LAGRANGIAN FLOATS; SUBSURFACE FLOATS; REANALYSIS; FLUX AB [1] Between 1996 and 1998, a concerted effort was made to study the deep open ocean convection in the Labrador Sea. Both in situ observations and numerical models were employed with close collaboration between the researchers in the fields of physical oceanography, boundary layer meteorology, and climate. A multitude of different methods were used to observe the state of ocean and atmosphere and determine the exchange between them over the experiment's period. The Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment data collection aims to assemble the observational data sets in order to facilitate the exchange and collaboration between the various projects and new projects for an overall synthesis. A common file format and a browsable inventory have been used so as to simplify the access to the data. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Meereskunde, D-22529 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Krahmann, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, RT 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Visbeck, Martin/G-2461-2011; Moore, Kent/D-8518-2011; Visbeck, Martin/B-6541-2016 OI Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X; Moore, Kent/0000-0002-3986-5605; Visbeck, Martin/0000-0002-0844-834X NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 4 AR 1091 DI 10.1029/2003GC000536 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 740GH UT WOS:000186394300002 ER PT J AU Prisinzano, T Hsin, LW Folk, JE Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Prisinzano, T Hsin, LW Folk, JE Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI A concise synthesis of (S)-(+)-1-(4-{2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-ethyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-phe nylpropan-2-ol dimaleate SO TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETRY LA English DT Article ID ABUSE THERAPEUTIC AGENTS; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER AFFINITY; COCAINE-ABUSE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ANALOGS AB (S)-(+)-1-(4-{2-[Bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-ethyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropan-2-ol dimaleate was prepared in several steps from (S)-(+)-atrolactic acid by a process permitting synthesis of multigram quantities. With the information provided by asymmetric synthesis, the X-ray crystal structure was solved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIDDK, Med Chem Lab, Dept Hlth, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDK, Med Chem Lab, Dept Hlth, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Prisinzano, Thomas/B-7877-2010; OI HSIN, LING-WEI/0000-0001-5018-4491 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4166 J9 TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR JI Tetrahedron: Asymmetry PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 14 IS 21 BP 3285 EP 3289 DI 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.05.001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 739NA UT WOS:000186352300006 ER PT J AU Miller, SD AF Miller, SD TI A consolidated technique for enhancing desert dust storms with MODIS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; AEROSOLS; REGION; WATER; LAND AB A new satellite-based multispectral passive radiometer technique for daytime enhancement of airborne dust over water and land has been developed. The algorithm, which combines color information from multiple visible channels with near and far infrared measurements, provides an improved ability to distinguish areas of dust from water/ice clouds and bright desert backgrounds in enhanced false-color imagery. While generally applicable to any sensor possessing the requisite spectral information, the method is demonstrated here using high spatial and spectral resolution digital data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments carried aboard Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua polar orbiter platforms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 20 AR 2071 DI 10.1029/2003GL018279 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 740GM UT WOS:000186394700003 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Zarnke, R Thomas, NJ Wong, SK Van Bonn, W Briggs, M Davis, JW Ewing, R Mense, M Kwok, OCH Romand, S Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Zarnke, R Thomas, NJ Wong, SK Van Bonn, W Briggs, M Davis, JW Ewing, R Mense, M Kwok, OCH Romand, S Thulliez, P TI Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Neospora caninum; Sarcocystis neurona; Sarcocystis canis; antibodies; agglutination tests; sea otters; walruses; seals; sea lion; manatee ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; LION ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA RICHARDSI; PACIFIC HARBOR SEALS; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; OTTER; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS AB Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and S. canis are related protozoans that can cause mortality in many species of domestic and wild animals. Recently, T gondii and S. neurona were recognized to cause encephalitis in marine mammals. As yet, there is no report of natural exposure of N. caninum in marine mammals. In the present study, antibodies to T gondii and N. caninum were assayed in sera of several species of marine mammals. For T gondii, sera were diluted 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500 and assayed in the T gondii modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies (MATgreater than or equal to1:25) to T gondii were found in 89 of 115 (77%) dead, and 18 of 30 (60%) apparently healthy sea otters (Enhydra lutris), 51 of 311 (16%) Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), 19 of 45 (42%) sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 5 of 32 (16%) ringed seals (Phoca hispida), 4 of 8 (50%) bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), 1 of 9 (11.1%) spotted seals (Phoca largha), 138 of 141 (98%) Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and 3 of 53 (6%) walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). For N. caninum, sera were diluted 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, and 1:320 and examined with the Neospora agglutination test (NAT) using mouse-derived tachyzoites. NAT antibodies were found in 3 of 53 (6%) walruses, 28 of 145 (19%) sea otters, 11 of 311 (3.5%) harbor seals, 1 of 27 (3.7%) sea lions, 4 of 32 (12.5%) ringed seals, 1 of 8 (12.5%) bearded seals, and 43 of 47 (91%) bottlenose dolphins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. caninum antibodies in any marine mammal, and the first report of T gondii antibodies in walruses and in ringed, bearded, spotted, and ribbon seals. Current information on T gondii-like and Sarcocystis-like infections in marine mammals is reviewed. New cases of clinical S. canis and T gondii infections are also reported in sea lions, and T gondii infection in an Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, Biosci Div, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Dept Commerce, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 57 TC 148 Z9 167 U1 6 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 116 IS 4 BP 275 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00263-2 PG 22 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 741LE UT WOS:000186458900002 PM 14580799 ER PT J AU Kleinberg, RL Flaum, C Griffin, DD Brewer, PG Malby, GE Peltzer, ET Yesinowski, JP AF Kleinberg, RL Flaum, C Griffin, DD Brewer, PG Malby, GE Peltzer, ET Yesinowski, JP TI Deep sea NMR: Methane hydrate growth habit in porous media and its relationship to hydraulic permeability, deposit accumulation, and submarine slope stability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review DE methane hydrate; pore geometry; growth habit; permeability; seafloor stability; climate change ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GAS-HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BEARING SEDIMENTS; RELAXATION TIMES; DISSOCIATION; WATER; OCEAN AB [1] Review of the literature reveals that the nature of pore-scale interactions between gas hydrates and porous media remains a matter of controversy. To clarify the situation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been made on methane hydrate-bearing sandstones. The samples were synthetically prepared within the gas hydrate stability zone, at or near the seafloor in Monterey Bay, California. The method simulated natural hydrate deposition by gas flows that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding earth. The efficiency of hydrate production was variable, as has been observed elsewhere. When substantial hydrate saturations were achieved, NMR relaxation time measurements indicated that hydrate tended to replace water in the largest pore spaces. The relative permeability to water, as determined by an NMR-based correlation, was significantly reduced. The magnitude of this reduction was also consistent with formation of hydrate in the centers of pores, rather than with hydrate coating the grains. The growth habit suggested by these results is consistent with creation of hydrate nodules and lenses in coarse, unconsolidated sediments. It is also consistent with scenarios in which methane gas is delivered efficiently to the atmosphere as a result of seafloor slope failure, thereby strengthening global warming feedback mechanisms. C1 Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kleinberg, RL (reprint author), Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Old Quarry Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. EM kleinberg@slb.com; cflaum@ridgefield.oilfield.slb; dgriffin@ridgefield.oilfield.slb.com; brpe@mbari.org; gem@mbari.org; etp@mbari.org; yesinowski@nrl.navy.mil NR 101 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 14 U2 61 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B10 AR 2508 DI 10.1029/2003JB002389 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 740HU UT WOS:000186397600003 ER PT J AU Kim, HI Kushmerick, JG Houston, JE Bunker, BC AF Kim, HI Kushmerick, JG Houston, JE Bunker, BC TI Viscous "interphase" water adjacent to oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated monolayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PROTEIN SURFACE INTERACTIONS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; MOLECULAR-CONFORMATION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; ADSORPTION; RESISTANCE; FILMS; GOLD; VISCOSITY AB We report measurements of the interaction force between functionalized probe tips and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-terminated monolayers. Force profiles obtained with the interfacial force microscope indicate the presence of an interphase water layer adjacent to the OEG-terminated monolayer that generates a repulsive hydration force. This interphase layer extends up to 5 nm from the surface and has a viscosity that is 6 orders of magnitude greater than that of bulk water. The possible role this interphase layer plays in the exceptional protein resistance of such systems is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 22 BP 9271 EP 9275 DI 10.1021/la034585x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 736NQ UT WOS:000186177200028 ER PT J AU Raviprakash, K Ewing, D Simmons, M Porter, KR Jones, TR Hayes, CG Stout, R Murphy, GS AF Raviprakash, K Ewing, D Simmons, M Porter, KR Jones, TR Hayes, CG Stout, R Murphy, GS TI Needle-free Biojector injection of a dengue virus type 1 DNA vaccine with human immunostimulatory sequences and the GM-CSF gene increases immunogenicity and protection from virus challenge in Aotus monkeys SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue; GM-CSF; immunostimulatory; vaccine; biojector ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; PLASMID DNA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; MICE; MOTIFS AB A dengue-1 DNA vaccine containing sequences encoding premembrane and envelope proteins (DIME) was previously shown to elicit virus neutralizing antibodies in rhesus and Aotus monkeys, and the primates were partially protected from viremia upon challenge. To increase the neutralizing antibody levels and subsequent protection from virus challenge, four strategies were evaluated: (a) coimmunization with a plasmid expressing Aotus GM-CSF gene; (b) coimmunization with a plasmid containing human immunostimulatory sequences (ISS); (c) coimmunization with both the GM-CSF gene and ISS; and (d) delivery of vaccine using the needle-free Biojector system. Vaccination with the mixed formulation containing DIME, GM-CSF gene, and ISS, by either needle injection or Biojector, led to neutralizing antibody titers that were stable for up to 6 months after vaccination. Furthermore, 6 of 7 monkeys (85%), and 7 of 8 monkeys (87%) receiving this formulation were completely protected from viremia when challenged 1 and 6 months after vaccination, respectively. This is a significant improvement compared to our previous study in which one of three monkeys (33%) receiving just the DIME vaccine was completely protected from viremia at 6 months after immunization. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Ctr 503, Viral Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. BioJect Inc, Portland, OR 97224 USA. RP Raviprakash, K (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr 503, Viral Dis Dept, Robert Grant Ave,Rm 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 33 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 315 IS 2 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00542-7 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 741GB UT WOS:000186449400009 PM 14585337 ER PT J AU Arena, DA Bartynski, RA Nayak, RA Weiss, AH Hulbert, SL Weinert, M AF Arena, DA Bartynski, RA Nayak, RA Weiss, AH Hulbert, SL Weinert, M TI Giant Coster-Kronig transitions and intrinsic line shapes of the anomalous Pd M45VV Auger spectrum of Pd/Ag(100) dilute surface alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON COINCIDENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NARROW-BAND METALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PALLADIUM; STATES; SILVER; CU; DENSITY; SOLIDS; IMPURITIES AB The Pd M4VV and M5VV Auger spectra of the 0.1 ML Pd/Ag(100) dilute surface alloy have been measured using Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy. The M4VV spectrum indicates that Pd 3d(3/2) core holes have a Coster-Kronig decay rate that is similar to10 times that of Pd metal. Our calculations show that this giant enhancement arises from the local electronic structure of excited Pd atoms at the surface. Anomalous features in the Auger line shape are similar to those seen in dilute bulk PdAg alloys, and these features in the M5VV and M4VV lines are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. C1 NSLS, USN, Res Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Arena, DA (reprint author), NSLS, USN, Res Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 725A-U4B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Weiss, Alex/G-4941-2011 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 17 AR 176403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.176403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735WV UT WOS:000186138300037 PM 14611365 ER PT J AU Eck, TF Holben, BN Reid, JS O'Neill, NT Schafer, JS Dubovik, O Smirnov, A Yamasoe, MA Artaxo, P AF Eck, TF Holben, BN Reid, JS O'Neill, NT Schafer, JS Dubovik, O Smirnov, A Yamasoe, MA Artaxo, P TI High aerosol optical depth biomass burning events: A comparison of optical properties for different source regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; BRAZIL; SMOKE; SUN; ABSORPTION; AERONET; NETWORK AB [1] The optical properties of aerosols such as smoke from biomass burning vary due to aging processes and these particles reach larger sizes at high concentrations. We compare the spectra of aerosol optical depth (tau(a)), column-integrated volume size distributions, refractive indices, and single scattering albedo retrieved from AERONET observations for four selected events of very high smoke optical depth (tau(a) similar to 2 at 500 nm). Two case studies are from tropical biomass burning regions ( Brazil and Zambia) and two are cases of boreal forest and peat fire smoke transported long distances to sites in the US and Moldova. Smoke properties for these extreme events can be significantly different from those reported in more typical plumes. In particular, large differences in smoke fine mode particle radius ( similar to 0.17 to 0.25 mum) and single scattering albedo ( similar to 0.88 to 0.99 at 440 nm) were observed as a result of differences in fuels burned, combustion phase, and aging. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Eck, TF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Schafer, Joel/A-3978-2010; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Yamasoe, Marcia/L-3667-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Yamasoe, Marcia/0000-0003-3066-9146; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036 NR 18 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 20 AR 2035 DI 10.1029/2003GL017861 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 736XE UT WOS:000186197900002 ER PT J AU Biermann, ML Walters, M Diaz-Barriga, J Rabinovich, WS AF Biermann, ML Walters, M Diaz-Barriga, J Rabinovich, WS TI Characterization of optical anisotropy in quantum wells under compressive anisotropic in-plane strain SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INDUCED UNIAXIAL STRAIN; K-P THEORY; POLARIZATION ANISOTROPY; ZONE-CENTER; STRESS; FEMTOSECOND; LASERS AB Anisotropic in-plane strain in quantum wells leads to an optical polarization anisotropy that can be exploited for device applications. We have determined that for many anisotropic compressive strain cases, the dependence of the optical anisotropy is linear in the strain anisotropy. This result holds for a variety of well and barrier materials and widths and for various overall strain conditions. Further, the polarization anisotropy per strain anisotropy vanes as the reciprocal of the energy separation of the relevant hole sub-bands. Hence, a general result for the polarization anisotropy per strain anisotropy is avialable for cases of compressive anisotropic in-plane strain. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biermann, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 566 Brownson Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 20 BP 2446 EP 2450 AR PII S0022-3727(03)66168-1 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/20/004 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 744CX UT WOS:000186611300006 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Tennant, WE AF Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Tennant, WE TI Negative luminescence with 93% efficiency from midwave infrared HgCdTe diode arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODIODES; DEVICES AB We have investigated the negative luminescence (NL) properties of an array of HgCdTe photodiodes (lambda(co)=4.6 mum at 295 K) as a function of temperature and wavelength. The internal NL efficiency of approximate to93% at lambda=4.0 mum is nearly independent of temperature in the 240-300 K range, and at 296 K corresponds to an apparent temperature reduction of 54 K. This is obtained at a reverse-bias saturation current density of only 0.13 A/cm(2) at 296 K, which is attributable in part to an array geometry that reduces the influence of macroscopic defects. These observed NL performance characteristics are compatible with most of the requirements for applications such as cold shielding. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rockwell Sci, Imaging Div, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3254 EP 3256 DI 10.1063/1.1621454 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 732PH UT WOS:000185954400008 ER PT J AU Zalalutdinov, M Aubin, KL Pandey, M Zehnder, AT Rand, RH Craighead, HG Parpia, JM Houston, BH AF Zalalutdinov, M Aubin, KL Pandey, M Zehnder, AT Rand, RH Craighead, HG Parpia, JM Houston, BH TI Frequency entrainment for micromechanical oscillator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-EXCITED SYSTEM; SYNCHRONIZATION AB We demonstrate synchronization of laser-induced self-sustained vibrations of radio-frequency micromechanical resonators by applying a small pilot signal either as an inertial drive at the natural frequency of the resonator or by modulating the stiffness of the oscillator at double the natural frequency. By sweeping the pilot signal frequency, we demonstrate that the entrainment zone is hysteretic and can be as wide as 4% of the natural frequency of the resonator, 400 times the 1/Qsimilar to10(-4) half-width of the resonant peak. Possible applications are discussed based on the wide range of frequency tuning and the power gain provided by the large amplitude of self-oscillations (controlled by a small pilot signal). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zalalutdinov, M (reprint author), Cornell Ctr Mat Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Zehnder, Alan/E-7458-2012; rand, richard/O-6351-2016 NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3281 EP 3283 DI 10.1063/1.1618363 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 732PH UT WOS:000185954400017 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chung, SY Rice, AT Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Lake, R AF Jin, N Chung, SY Rice, AT Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Lake, R TI 151 kA/cm(2) peak current densities in Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes for high-power mixed-signal applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; JUNCTIONS AB Room-temperature I-V characteristics of epitaxially grown Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) with extremely high peak current densities are presented. By optimizing the physical design, doping concentrations, and post-growth anneal temperatures, RITDs having peak current densities over 150 kA/cm(2), peak-to-valley current ratios (PVCRs) greater than 2, and an estimated speed index of 34 mV/ps have been obtained. The interplay among the conditions to achieve maximum current density and highest PVCR is discussed. This result demonstrates the high potential of this type of Si-based tunnel diode for high-power mixed-signal applications. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3308 EP 3310 DI 10.1063/1.1618927 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 732PH UT WOS:000185954400026 ER PT J AU Hollis, JM Pedelty, JA Boboltz, DA Liu, SY Snyder, LE Palmer, P Lovas, FJ Jewell, PR AF Hollis, JM Pedelty, JA Boboltz, DA Liu, SY Snyder, LE Palmer, P Lovas, FJ Jewell, PR TI Kinematics of the Sagittarius B2(N-LMH) molecular core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Sagittarius B2(N-LMH)); ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID STAR-FORMING REGION; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION; METHANOL; SCALE; B2; GLYCOLALDEHYDE AB Ethyl cyanide (CH3CH2CN) emission and absorption have been imaged with the Very Large Array toward Sagittarius B2(N-LMH) by means of the 5(15)-4(14) rotational transition at 43.5 GHz (lambda similar to mm). The 1."5 x 1."4 VLA beam shows two principal sources of ethyl cyanide emission: an unresolved source similar to5" north of the LMH that is kinematically consistent with simple expansion, contraction, or small-scale turbulence, and the resolved LMH core source itself that shows kinematics indicating an edge-on rotating disk that extends greater than or equal to3" (similar to0.1 pc) in the approximate east-west direction. A search for the 7(07) - 6(06) rotational transition of the amino acid glycine (NH2CH2COOH) at 43.7 GHz toward Sgr B2(N-LMH) gave negative results. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. RP Hollis, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Code 930, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP L235 EP L238 DI 10.1086/379315 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZJ UT WOS:000185916100028 ER PT J AU Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Grebel, EK Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Martinez-Delgado, D Odenkirchen, M Rix, HW Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Schneider, DP York, DG AF Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Grebel, EK Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Martinez-Delgado, D Odenkirchen, M Rix, HW Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Schneider, DP York, DG TI Sagittarius tidal debris 90 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Sagittarius); Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; MILKY-WAY; DWARF GALAXY; HALO; STARS; SYSTEM AB A new overdensity of A-colored stars in distant parts of the Milky Way's stellar halo, at a dereddened Sloan Digital Sky Survey magnitude of g(0) = 20.3, is presented. Identification of associated variable RR Lyrae candidates supports the claim that these are blue horizontal branch stars. The inferred distance of these stars from the Galactic center is 90 kpc, assuming that the absolute magnitude of these stars is M-g0 = 0.7 and that the Sun is 8.5 kpc from the Galactic center. The new tidal debris is within 10 kpc of the same plane as other confirmed tidal debris from the disruption of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and could be associated with the trailing tidal arm. Distances to the Sagittarius stream estimated from M stars are about 13% smaller than our inferred distances. The tidal debris has a width of at least 10degrees and is traced for more than 20degrees across the sky. The globular cluster NGC 2419 is located within the detected tidal debris and may also have once been associated with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Newberg, HJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. OI /0000-0002-1891-3794 NR 22 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP L191 EP L194 DI 10.1086/379316 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZJ UT WOS:000185916100017 ER PT J AU Cao, H Yu, JM Wearing, XYZ Zhang, CC Liu, XX Deschamps, J Cook, JM AF Cao, H Yu, JM Wearing, XYZ Zhang, CC Liu, XX Deschamps, J Cook, JM TI The first enantiospecific synthesis of (-)-koumidine via the intramolecular palladium-catalyzed enolate driven cross coupling reaction. The stereospecific introduction of the 19-(Z) ethylidene side chain SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-ARYLATION; GELSEMIUM ALKALOIDS; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; ARYL HALIDES; KOUMIDINE; KETONES; CYCLIZATION; (+)-ALLOPUMILIOTOXIN-339A; (19Z)-TABERPSYCHINE AB The stereospecific synthesis of (-)-koumidine wits realized by replacement of triphenylphosphine with tricyclohexylphosphine in the enolate driven palladium-catalyzed cross coupling process. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 44 IS 43 BP 8013 EP 8017 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.08.072 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 730MH UT WOS:000185834200036 ER PT J AU VanReken, TM Rissman, TA Roberts, GC Varutbangkul, V Jonsson, HH Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF VanReken, TM Rissman, TA Roberts, GC Varutbangkul, V Jonsson, HH Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Toward aerosol/cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) closure during CRYSTAL-FACE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CCN closure; CCN instrumentation; CRYSTAL-FACE; aircraft measurements; cloud ID STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; PARTICLES; CLIMATE; ACE-2; INSTRUMENT; ACTIVATION; POLLUTION AB [1] During July 2002, measurements of cloud condensation nuclei were made in the vicinity of southwest Florida as part of the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) field campaign. These observations, at supersaturations of 0.2 and 0.85%, are presented here. The performance of each of the two CCN counters was validated through laboratory calibration and an in situ intercomparison. The measurements indicate that the aerosol sampled during the campaign was predominantly marine in character: the median concentrations were 233 cm(-3) (at S = 0.2%) and 371 cm(-3) (at S = 0.85%). Three flights during the experiment differed from this general trend; the aerosol sampled during the two flights on 18 July was more continental in character, and the observations on 28 July indicate high spatial variability and periods of very high aerosol concentrations. This study also includes a simplified aerosol/CCN closure analysis. Aerosol size distributions were measured simultaneously with the CCN observations, and these data are used to predict a CCN concentration using Kohler theory. For the purpose of this analysis, an idealized composition of pure ammonium sulfate was assumed. The analysis indicates that in this case, there was good general agreement between the predicted and observed CCN concentrations: at S = 0.2%, N-predicted/N-observed = 1.047 (R-2 = 0.911); at S = 0.85%, N-predicted/N-observed = 1.201 (R-2 = 0.835). The impacts of the compositional assumption and of including in-cloud data in the analysis are addressed. The effect of removing the data from the 28 July flight is also examined; doing so improves the result of the closure analysis at S = 0.85%. When omitting that atypical flight, N-predicted/N-observed = 1.085 (R-2 = 0.770) at S = 0.85%. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA 93633 USA. RP VanReken, TM (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Mail code 210-41,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vanreken@its.caltech.edu; rissman@its.caltech.edu; greg@fiji.ucsd.edu; tomtor@its.caltech.edu; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil; flagan@caltech.edu; seinfeld@caltech.edu NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D20 AR 4633 DI 10.1029/2003JD003582 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734ZU UT WOS:000186088500001 ER PT J AU Rathore, D Hrstka, SCL Sacci, JB De la Vega, P Linhardt, RJ Kumar, S McCutchan, TF AF Rathore, D Hrstka, SCL Sacci, JB De la Vega, P Linhardt, RJ Kumar, S McCutchan, TF TI Molecular mechanism of host specificity in Plasmodium falciparum infection - Role of circumsporozoite protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; SPOROZOITES; HEPARIN; GENE; THROMBOSPONDIN; KNOWLESI; VACCINE; DNA; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites invade liver cells in humans and set the stage for malaria infection. Circumsporozoite protein ( CSP), a predominant surface antigen on sporozoite surface, has been associated with the binding and invasion of liver cells by the sporozoites. Although CSP across the Plasmodium genus has homology and conserved structural organization, infection of a non-natural host by a species is rare. We investigated the role of CSP in providing the host specificity in P. falciparum infection. CSP from P. falciparum, P. gallinaceum, P. knowlesi, and P. yoelii species representing human, avian, simian, and rodent malaria species were recombinantly expressed, and the proteins were purified to homogeneity. The recombinant proteins were evaluated for their capacity to bind to human liver cell line HepG2 and to prevent P. falciparum sporozoites from invading these cells. The proteins showed significant differences in the binding and sporozoite invasion inhibition activity. Differences among proteins directly correlate with changes in the binding affinity to the sporozoite receptor on liver cells. P. knowlesi CSP (PkCSP) and P. yoelii CSP (PyCSP) had 4,790- and 17,800-fold lower affinity for heparin in comparison to P. falciparum CSP (PfCSP). We suggest that a difference in the binding affinity for the liver cell receptor is a mechanism involved in maintaining the host specificity by the malaria parasite. C1 NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US FDA, Bacterial & Parasit Dis Sect, Div Emerging TRansfus & Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, Growth & Dev Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rm 126,Bldg 4,4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 42 BP 40905 EP 40910 DI 10.1074/jbc.M306250200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 730TX UT WOS:000185847200061 PM 12904297 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Miller, J Schofield, O AF Johnson, DR Miller, J Schofield, O TI Dynamics and optics of the Hudson River outflow plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE outflow plume; bio-optics; buoyancy jet; Hudson River ID CHESAPEAKE BAY AB [1] In July and August 2000 a field experiment was conducted along the New Jersey coast to explore the linkage between dynamics of the outflowing Hudson River plume and the optical character of the inshore environment. A plume of low-salinity water periodically flows along the coast, trapped in an inshore zone of 5 - 15 km width and extending to over 100 km alongshore from its source. The plume is clearly distinguished in color satellite images because of its high content of particulates and colored dissolved organic matter ( CDOM), which dominate the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the inshore region. This plume water is dispersed into the interior of the shelf when winds turn to upwelling favorable. Using an array of five acoustic Doppler current profilers, we found a well-defined first mode empirical orthogonal function that showed strong southward flow and downwelling circulation during the plume state and weak northward flow with upwelling circulation during the upwelling state. Using filtered and nonfiltered measurements, the optical absorption IOP was separated into contributions from CDOM and particulates. The contributions from particulates were further separated into phytoplankton and detritus contributions using least squares fit with model spectra. It was found that the plume could be distinguished from upwelling by larger contributions to absorption from detritus and smaller contributions from CDOM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 16 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C10 AR 3323 DI 10.1029/2002JC001485 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 734ZY UT WOS:000186088900001 ER PT J AU Pickett, MH Paduan, JD AF Pickett, MH Paduan, JD TI Ekman transport and pumping in the California Current based on the U.S. Navy's high-resolution atmospheric model (COAMPS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE upwelling; California Current; wind-stress curl; Ekman pumping; COAMPS ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE WIND STRESS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLOW; COAST; OREGON; SIMULATIONS; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB [1] Upwelling in the California Current system due to Ekman transport and pumping was estimated using a high-resolution ( 9-km grid) atmospheric model reanalysis. Model winds, verified with satellite-measured winds at 13 locations, had weekly averaged wind components within 1.7 m s(-1) RMS, and wind gradients within 1.6 m s(-1) per 100 km RMS. Model wind hind-casts from May 1999 to September 2000 revealed narrow bands ( about 10 by 50 km) of strong wind stress and wind stress curl parallel to the coast and adjacent to major coastal promontories. These bands, which are sub-grid scale in operational models, were capable of generating local upwelling greater than 10 m d(-1) and downwelling greater than 5 m d(-1). Peak summer estimates for the California Current system indicate vertical transport due to Ekman pumping was roughly 1.0 x 10(-6) m(3) s(-1), and Ekman transport from alongshore wind stress was about 0.5 x 10(-6) m(3) s(-1). These estimates suggest that Ekman pumping from wind stress curl is as important as Ekman transport from alongshore winds in the California Current system. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pickett, MH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 40 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 16 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C10 AR 3327 DI 10.1029/2003JC001902 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 734ZY UT WOS:000186088900005 ER PT J AU Sanderlin, BW Raspa, RF AF Sanderlin, BW Raspa, RF TI Common stress fractures SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID PNEUMATIC LEG BRACE; RISK-FACTORS; ATHLETE; RECRUITS; BONE AB Lower extremity stress fractures are common injuries most often associated with participation in sports involving running, jumping, or repetitive stress. The initial diagnosis can be made by identifying localized bone pain that increases with weight bearing or repetitive use. Plain film radiographs are frequently unrevealing. Confirmation of a stress fracture is best made using triple phase nuclear medicine bone scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Prevention of stress fractures is most effectively accomplished by increasing the level of exercise slowly, adequately warming up and stretching before exercise, and using cushioned insoles and appropriate footwear. Treatment involves rest of the injured bone, followed by a gradual return to the sport once free of pain. Recent evidence supports the use of air splinting to reduce pain and decrease the time until return to full participation or intensity of exercise. Copyright (C) 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 USN, Air Stn, Naval Branch Med Clin, Ft Worth, TX 76127 USA. St Vicents Med Ctr, Family Practice Residency Program, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Sanderlin, BW (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Naval Branch Med Clin, 1711 Doolittle Ave, Ft Worth, TX 76127 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 8 BP 1527 EP 1532 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 735FE UT WOS:000186101100008 PM 14596439 ER PT J AU Papageorgiou, DG Lekka, CE Evangelakis, GA AF Papageorgiou, DG Lekka, CE Evangelakis, GA TI Molecular Dynamics study of Cu and Au 2D adlayers on the Cu3Au(110) surface SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Surface Modeling CY AUG 20-23, 2002 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO DE Molecular Dynamics calculations condensed matter; self diffusion in metals and alloys; defects in solid surfaces; crystal structure of surfaces; order-disorder transition ID ORDER-DISORDER; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CU3AU(001) SURFACE; SEGREGATION; ALLOYS; DIFFUSION; ADATOMS; OXYGEN; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATIONS AB We present Molecular Dynamics simulation results concerning the structural properties of Cu and Au 2D adlayers on the Cu3Au(I 10) surface. We found that at low coverage the Cu adatoms occupy mainly dumbbell positions forming "pairs" with the Cu surface atoms, giving an incommensurate I x 4 aspect in the surface layer. It appears that this "pairing" stabilizes the surface preventing the location of Cu surface atoms at anti-sites. At higher coverage the Cu atoms reside at the four-fold adatom positions forming a well-ordered new type of "contracted" 2 x I Cu adlayer. Au deposition is characterized by wetting phenomena that take place very quickly already at low coverage and temperatures. An segregation occurs via exchange diffusion with the Cu surface atoms, resulting in mixed and disordered surface and adlayer. It comes out that these phenomena persist even close to the order-disorder bulk transition temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. NRL, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Papageorgiou, DG (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00633-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 726CJ UT WOS:000185580300008 ER PT J AU Lekka, CE Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Lekka, CE Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Electronic structure of the Cu3Au(111) surface SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Surface Modeling CY AUG 20-23, 2002 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO DE tight binding approximation; crystal structure of surfaces; electronic structure of alloys ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BAND-STRUCTURE; NOBLE-METALS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTIAL DENSITIES; DISORDERED CU3AU; ALLOY SURFACES; ORDERED CU3AU AB Using the NRL-tight binding method, we investigate the electronic structure of the unrelaxed Cu3Au(I 1 1) surface. The tight binding parameters were determined by fitting to LDA calculations and found to reproduce the surface energy, bulk elastic constants and bulk phonon modes. The surface electronic band structure shows electronic states at the center of the Brillouin zone, within -0.1 Ry of the Fermi level, in agreement with available photoemission data. For these states, we give an interpretation and characterization of the contributions of the s, p and d electrons of the Cu and An atoms. Charge calculations on each atom indicate that upon formation Of Cu3Au there is charge transfer from the An atoms to the Cu atoms in agreement with previous X-ray experiments. The Cu3Au(l 1 1) surface atoms are found to gain charge compared to the bulk system, and the An atoms regain some of the charge that they lost upon formation of bulk Cu3Au. Despite the fact that this tight binding Hamiltonian was fitted to bulk properties of the Cu3Au system, it is able to accurately describe the main features of the Cu3Au(1 1 1) surface, suggesting that this method is reliable for studying binary intermetallic alloy surfaces. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lekka, CE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 219 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00592-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 726CJ UT WOS:000185580300021 ER PT J AU Sheehan, PE Edelstein, RL Tamanaha, CR Whitman, LJ AF Sheehan, PE Edelstein, RL Tamanaha, CR Whitman, LJ TI A simple pen-spotting method for arraying biomolecules on solid substrates SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biosensor; DNA patterning; microarray; microfabrication; pen-spotting ID BIOSENSOR; CHIP AB We describe a simple, relatively inexpensive method for depositing biomolecules on a solid substrate using Rapidograph(R) drafting pens. The pens can be used without modification to accurately deposit spots between similar to100 and 600 pm in diameter. When mounted on a suitable micro translation stage, the pens can be used to easily deposit tens of spots aligned with underlying substrate features such as microfabricated sensors. The pens are particularly convenient because pre-mixed solutions can be stored in the pens for multiple uses. We demonstrate the use of this approach to deposit DNA probes on a microsensor array. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1455 EP 1459 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00078-2 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723WQ UT WOS:000185454900004 PM 12941560 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER Cohill, TJ Patterson, CH Anderson, GP Kusterbeck, AW Mauro, JM AF Goldman, ER Cohill, TJ Patterson, CH Anderson, GP Kusterbeck, AW Mauro, JM TI Detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in environmental samples using a homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; SOIL EXTRACTS; TNT; IMMUNOASSAYS; WATER AB We have tested both soil and water environmental samples for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using a simple homogeneous assay. This assay is based on changes in fluorescence emission intensity when a fluorescently labeled TNT analogue, bound to an anti-TNT antibody, is competitively displaced by TNT. Fluoroimmunoassay results for TNT concentrations in diluted acetone extracts prepared from archived soils were in good agreement with the results from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the same sample extracts. In addition, assays of TNT-spiked environmental well water gave results essentially identical with assays conducted in a TNT-spiked laboratory buffer. The homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay, which is rapid, simple, sensitive, and amenable to high throughput screening, shows promise for near real-time evaluation of TNT contamination in environmental samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 20 BP 4733 EP 4736 DI 10.1021/es034328e PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735UM UT WOS:000186133000029 PM 14594385 ER PT J AU Johnson, DC Shamamian, VA Callahan, JH Denes, FS Manolache, SO Dandy, DS AF Johnson, DC Shamamian, VA Callahan, JH Denes, FS Manolache, SO Dandy, DS TI Treatment of methyl tert-butyl ether contaminated water using a dense medium plasma reactor: A mechanistic and kinetic investigation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAMER CORONA DISCHARGE; HIGH-VOLTAGE DISCHARGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; REMOVAL AB Plasma treatment of contaminated water appears to be a promising alternative for the oxidation of aqueous organic pollutants. This study examines the kinetic and oxidation mechanisms of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in a dense medium plasma (DMP) reactor utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-thermal conductivity techniques. A rate law is developed for the removal of MTBE from an aqueous solution in the DMP reactor. Rate constants are also derived for three reactor configurations and two pin array spin rates. The oxidation products from the treatment of MTBE-contaminated water in the DMP reactor were found to be predominately carbon dioxide, with smaller amounts of acetone, tertbutyl formate, and formaldehyde. The lack of stable intermediate products suggests that the MTBE is, to some extent, oxidized directly to carbon dioxide, making the DMP reactor a promising tool in the future remediation of water. Chemical and physical mechanisms together with carbon balances are used to describe the formation of the oxidation products and the important aspects of the plasma discharge. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Inst Food Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dandy, DS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Dandy, David/G-6984-2012 OI Dandy, David/0000-0003-3254-0717 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 20 BP 4804 EP 4810 DI 10.1021/es0263487 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735UM UT WOS:000186133000039 PM 14594395 ER PT J AU Rivas, C Lake, R Frensley, WR Klimeck, G Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Rommel, SL Berger, PR AF Rivas, C Lake, R Frensley, WR Klimeck, G Thompson, PE Hobart, KD Rommel, SL Berger, PR TI Full band modeling of the excess current in a delta-doped silicon tunnel diode SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; RESONANT INTERBAND; ESAKI JUNCTIONS; SI; TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; PARAMETERS; TRANSPORT; DEVICES AB The current of a molecular beam epitaxially grown Sb and B delta-doped Si tunnel diode is simulated in all regions of tunneling: peak, valley, and post-valley turn-on. All three regions of the I-V are qualitatively captured by the calculations. The inclusion in the model of bandtail states gives rise to the excess current and the post-valley turn on of the tunnel current. This excess current is dominated by the direct coherent tunneling component of the current tunneling from gap state to gap state. The crossover between phonon-assisted and direct occurs immediately after the valley minimum. The calculated voltages quantitatively match the experimental measurements. The magnitude of the calculated current is approximately a factor of 5.4 too small. Sources of error are analyzed. The current calculations use a second neighbor sp(3)s(*) planar orbital basis within the nonequilibrium Green function formalism. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Texas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Microelect Engn Dept, Rochester, NY 14263 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rivas, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014; Klimeck, Gerhard/A-1414-2012 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349; Klimeck, Gerhard/0000-0001-7128-773X NR 41 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 8 BP 5005 EP 5013 DI 10.1063/1.1606114 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NE UT WOS:000185664300044 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC Amin, AH McLaughlin, EA AF Piquette, JC Amin, AH McLaughlin, EA TI Model of the polarization response of single-crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate for transducer applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL; HYSTERESIS; BEHAVIOR AB A theoretical model is developed and applied to experimentally measured polarization acquired from lead magnesium niobate lead titanite (PMN-PT) single crystals. The model is shown to describe well the polarization behavior with respect to changes in temperature and applied electric field at a variety of levels of applied prestress. Including the effects of prestress is important if the model is to be used in transducer design and output control. Large prestresses are applied to the active materials used in transducers in order to prevent the driver from extending. (Damage to the driver is much more likely should it go into extension during operation, and large applied prestress reduces this possibility.) Physically, the model accounts for both rotation and stretching of elementary dipoles, and realistic values for the elementary dipole moment and dipole concentration are deduced from the measurements using the model. Reasonable dipole behavior with respect to changes in temperature, stress, and electric field is also seen. The model has been shown to successfully interpolate and extrapolate measurements in temperature and electric field at various levels of applied prestress, thus allowing a significant reduction in the number of measurements that must be acquired to characterize single-crystal PMN-PT for transducer applications. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM piquettejc@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 8 BP 5172 EP 5181 DI 10.1063/1.1610808 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NE UT WOS:000185664300069 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Myers, MC Sethian, JD AF Rose, DV Welch, DR Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Myers, MC Sethian, JD TI Numerical modeling of large-area electron-beam diodes for KrF lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-IN-CELL; BACKSCATTER AB Particle-in-cell simulations are used to model large-area, electron-beam diodes that pump krypton-fluoride (KrF) laser cells. The simulations include models for following the energy loss and scattering of beam electrons in foils, gas, and support structures. Estimates of energy deposition to the various components of the diode system are obtained and compared with available experimental data. The simulations are in very good agreement with the Faraday cup measurements of electron-beam transport in the KrF gas. Additionally, global energy deposited in the KrF gas predicted from the simulations is in good agreement with experimental measurements for several different diode configurations. The results from this work benchmark and establish the computational procedure as an important tool from which future KrF laser systems can be developed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 8 BP 5343 EP 5349 DI 10.1063/1.1607518 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NE UT WOS:000185664300096 ER PT J AU Pullen, J Doyle, JD Hodur, R Ogston, A Book, JW Perkins, H Signell, R AF Pullen, J Doyle, JD Hodur, R Ogston, A Book, JW Perkins, H Signell, R TI Coupled ocean-atmosphere nested modeling of the Adriatic Sea during winter and spring 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Adriatic Sea; ocean-atmosphere interaction; high-resolution modeling; nested modeling; model validation ID COASTAL OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SURFACE CIRCULATION; RIVER PLUME; SHELF; BORA; ASSIMILATION; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; NORTHERN AB [1] Realistic simulations of the Adriatic Sea for over 125 days are conducted using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model with atmospheric forcing provided by the Coupled Ocean/ Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory (COAMP(TM))). In two separate simulations of the Adriatic, a nested 2-km-resolution ocean model is forced by the inner (4-km) and outer (36-km) nests of the atmospheric model. Two meteorological stations and two acoustic Doppler current profiler observation sites are used to evaluate modeled atmosphere and ocean velocity fields for 28 January - 4 June 2001. Modeled/observed correlations of atmospheric 10-m velocity are greater than 0.85 for both resolution models. Oceanic 5- and 25-m current fluctuations from both simulations generally match the magnitude and orientation of the observations. The 4-km-resolution atmospheric model is differentiated from the 36-km-resolution model by its ability to resolve the small-scale flow structures of the "bora'' wind and by its better agreement with observed wind velocity statistics. The ocean simulation forced by the 4-km-resolution model is distinguished from the one forced by the 36-km-resolution model by its ability to reproduce the expected double-gyre circulation in the northern Adriatic and by its ability to better capture the magnitude and shape of the observed depth-dependent velocity correlation with wind at the deeper site. Though the 36-km forced ocean model agrees better with many observed velocity statistics, the 4-km forced ocean model produces the highest correlations with observations ( exceeding 0.78) at subsurface depths that are most strongly correlated with winds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr, I-10138 La Spezia, Italy. RP Pullen, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pullen@nrlmry.navy.mil; doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil; hodur@nrlmry.navy.mil; ogston@ocean.washington.edu; book@nrlssc.navy.mil; hperkins@nrlssc.navy.mil; signell@saclantc.nato.int OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C10 AR 3320 DI 10.1029/2003JC001780 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 734ZX UT WOS:000186088800002 ER PT J AU Revesz, AG Hughes, HL AF Revesz, AG Hughes, HL TI The structural aspects of non-crystalline SiO(2) films on silicon: a review SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Review ID SI-O BOND; VITREOUS SILICA; AMORPHOUS SIO2; THERMAL-OXIDATION; DENSITY GRADIENT; DEFECT STRUCTURE; DIOXIDE FILMS; OXYGEN; INTERFACE; OXIDE AB Thermal oxidation of silicon results in vitreous (v) SiO(2) films that are non-crystalline (nc) but have a high degree of short-range-order and bond ordering that is usually not the case with amorphous solids. This combination results from the small variation of the Si-O bond energy as the Si-O-Si bond angles (phi) vary from less than 120degrees to similar to180degrees. The flexibility of the nc structure is responsible for the crucially important low density of interface states resulting from the quasi-epitaxial accommodation of the growing oxide to the Si substrate. The grown oxide is in a non-elastically compressed (densified) state which profoundly affects various properties. The bond energy increases rapidly as phi becomes less than similar to120degrees. These 'strained' bonds are responsible for several electrical effects as, for instance, hole trapping. SiO(2) films prepared by deposition or O(+) implantation techniques are similar to thermally grown oxides, as they are also non-crystalline, but some of their properties are significantly different. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Revesz Associates, Bethesda, MD 20818 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC USA. RP Revesz, AG (reprint author), Revesz Associates, 7910 Pk Overlook Dr, Bethesda, MD 20818 USA. EM agrevesz@starpower.net NR 74 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 328 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0022-30963(03)00467-8 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 734VU UT WOS:000186079300005 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Energy gap of ferromagnet-superconductor bilayers SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE energy gap; proximity effect; bilayers; superconductivity ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; METAL; ANDREEV; BOUNDARIES; JUNCTIONS AB The excitation spectrum of clean ferromagnet-superconductor bilayers is calculated within the framework of the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. Because of the proximity effect, the superconductor induces a gap in the ferromagnet spectrum, for thin ferromagnetic layers. The effect depends strongly on the exchange field in the ferromagnet. We find that as the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer increases, the gap disappears, and that its destruction arises from those quasiparticle excitations with wave vectors mainly along the interface. We discuss the influence that the interface quality and Fermi energy mismatch between the ferromagnet and superconductor have on the calculated energy gap. We also evaluate the density of states in the ferromagnet, and we find it in all cases consistent with the gap results. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93355 USA. RP Valls, OT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 397 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01095-5 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 732ZR UT WOS:000185975900008 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Rosen, M AF Haftel, MI Rosen, M TI Influence of the electrode potential on the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM MODEL; STRANSKI-KRASTANOV GROWTH; EARLY FILM DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EDGE BARRIERS; RECONSTRUCTION; SURFACES; STEP; RELAXATION; AU(100) AB Using the surface-embedded-atom-model, recently modified to describe atomic interactions at the electrolyte-metal interface, we calculate the variation of terrace-diffusion and Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barriers for Ag adatoms migrating on Ag surfaces with variations of the electrode potential. We consider both hopping and exchange diffusion. We find that whereas the terrace diffusion barrier on the flat (unstepped) (111) surface is relatively insensitive to the potential, the ES barrier is extremely sensitive, undergoing a rapid increase at potentials positive of the potential of zero charge (PZC) with an increase of the order of 1 eV between 0.5 and 1 V positive of the PZC. This sensitivity arises from changes in the position of step-edge atoms brought about by the changes in the surface stress and vertical relaxation caused by the potential changes. On the Ag(100) surface, however, both terrace diffusion and ES barriers are sensitive to changes in the potential, but the situation is complicated by the different effect of the potential on exchange and hopping diffusion resulting in the switchover from one to the other mechanism being dominant. We also assess the effect of the electrode potential on the ES barriers for Ag adatoms migrating on overlayers of Ag on Au(111) and its role on the observed Stranski-Krastanov growth observed for Ag electrodeposited on Au(111). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 16 AR 165402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.165402 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 743KW UT WOS:000186571800081 ER PT J AU Larson, P AF Larson, P TI Effect of p(1/2) corrections in the electronic structure of Bi2Te3 compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTION-BAND; GALVANOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; TELLURIDE; BISBTE3; DEFECTS; HAAS AB Unlike other relativistic corrections to the Schrodinger equation, such as the Darwin, mass-velocity, and spin-orbit interactions (SOI), the p(1/2) corrections do not arise from expansion of the relativistic Dirac equation. Rather, these corrections relate to the way in which the p-orbital wave functions are expanded in density functional calculations with SOI. A test of this correction is necessary in a strongly bonded system which has significant SOI effects, such as Bi2Te3. Previous electronic structure calculations of Bi2Te3 have disagreed about the position of the conduction band minimum (CBM). While de Haas-van Alphen experiments find the CBM to have sixfold degeneracy, most previous calculations have found this minimum to lie at a twofold degenerate point. A recent paper found the correct degeneracy, but was unable to explain the difference in their and previous results. We find the correct degeneracy by taking into account the p(1/2) corrections, which shifts the minimum from a twofold degenerate point to a sixfold degenerate point and is necessary for the correct degeneracy of the valence band as well. The p(1/2) corrections for the Sb 5p states are much weaker, explaining the electronic structure results in the related compounds Sb2Te3, Bi2Se3, and BiSbTe3. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 15 AR 155121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.155121 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 740VQ UT WOS:000186422600050 ER PT J AU Pena, DJ Raphael, MP Byers, JM AF Pena, DJ Raphael, MP Byers, JM TI "Dip-Pen" nanolithography in registry with photolithography for biosensor development SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SIZED PROTEIN-PATTERNS; DIRECT FABRICATION; NANOMETER-SCALE; NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACES; ARRAYS; INK; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROARRAYS AB "Dip-Pen" nanolithography (DPN) was used to deposit molecules of interest onto silicon oxide surfaces grown by a number of different deposition techniques and prepared by photolithography and wet-chemical etching. Using this method, layers of fluorescently tagged silazanes were placed within 50 nm of micrometer-scale features with a 50 nm resolution on oxide substrates. It was also shown that these distances are even smaller when thiol molecules are used with Au substrates. Furthermore, proteins are immobilized on the silicon oxide substrates with sub-micrometer resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pena, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 53 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 14 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 21 BP 9028 EP 9032 DI 10.1021/la034787t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 730LG UT WOS:000185831800062 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Haynes, JD Moch, JK Barbosa, A Lanar, DE AF Dutta, S Haynes, JD Moch, JK Barbosa, A Lanar, DE TI Invasion-inhibitory antibodies inhibit proteolytic processing of apical membrane antigen 1 of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL LOCALIZATION; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; VACCINE CANDIDATE; SURFACE; MALARIA; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; FRAGMENTS; CLEAVAGE; CULTURE AB Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is a promising vaccine candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antibodies against AMA-1 of P. falciparum (PfAMA-1) interrupt merozoite invasion into RBCs. Initially localized within the apical complex, PfAMA-1 is proteolytically processed and redistributed circumferentially on merozoites at about the time of their release and invasion into RBCs. An 83-kDa precursor form of PfAMA-1 is processed to 66-kDa and then to 48- and 44-kDa products. We show that, even at low concentrations, IgG antibodies against correctly folded recombinant PfAMA-1 cross-linked and trapped the 52-, 48-, and 44-kDa proteolytic products on merozoites. These products are normally shed into the culture medium. At higher concentrations antibodies inhibited invasion into RBCs and caused a reduction in the amount of 44- and 48-kDa products, both on merozoites and in the culture medium. A corresponding increase also occurred in the amount of the 66- and 52-kDa forms detected on the merozoites. These antibodies also prevented circumferential redistribution of AMA-1. In contrast, monovalent invasion-inhibitory Fab fragments caused accumulation of 66- and 52-kDa forms, with no cross-linking, trapping, or prevention of redistribution. Antibodies at low concentrations can be used as trapping agents for intermediate and soluble forms of AMA-1 and are useful for studying proteolytic processing of AMA-1. With this technique, it was confirmed that protease inhibitor chymostatin and Ca2+ chelators can inhibit the breakdown of the 66-kDa form. We propose that antibodies to AMA-1 capable of inhibiting erythrocyte invasion act by disrupting proteolytic processing of AMA-1. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria PRogram, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dutta, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; OI Barbosa, Arnoldo/0000-0001-8652-7396 NR 29 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 14 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 21 BP 12295 EP 12300 DI 10.1073/pnas.2032858100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 733WU UT WOS:000186024300066 PM 14526103 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YZ AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YZ TI Transient reflection and transmission of ultrasonic wave in cancellous bone SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE cancellous bone; poroelastic medium; Biot's model ID PROPAGATION AB Cancellous bone is known to be poroelastic in structure. Ultrasonic wave propagation in cancellous bone can be formulated by using Biot's equations. In this paper we present some results in our ongoing research on the reflection and transmission of ultrasonic waves in cancellous bone. We investigate the relations among reflected waves, transmitted waves and Biot coefficients. We present an algorithm for the determination of the porosity of cancellous bone. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Math, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MA USA. Lab Mecan & Acoust, UPR 7051 CNRS, Marseille 20, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Gilbert, RP (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Math, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD OCT 10 PY 2003 VL 142 IS 2-3 BP 561 EP 573 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(02)00340-5 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 688WX UT WOS:000183461200024 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Winebarger, AR AF Warren, HP Winebarger, AR TI Density and temperature measurements in a solar active region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID TRANSITION-REGION; IONIZATION BALANCE; ELECTRON-DENSITIES; CORONAL-EXPLORER; SUMER TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINES; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; LOOPS; SPECTRA AB We present electron density and temperature measurements from an active region observed above the limb with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Density-sensitive line ratios from Si VIII and S x indicate densities greater than 108 cm as high as 200" (or 145 Mm) above the limb. At these heights, static, uniformly heated loop models predict densities close to 10(7) cm(-3). Differential emission measure analysis shows that the observed plasma is nearly isothermal with a mean temperature of about 1.5 MK and a dispersion of about 0.2 MK. Both the differential emission measure and the Si xi/ Si viii line ratios indicate only small variations in the temperature at the heights observed. These measurements confirm recent observations from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer of "overdense" plasma at temperatures near 1 MK in solar active regions. Time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations suggest that impulsive heating models can account for the large densities, but they have a difficult time reproducing the narrow range of observed temperatures. The observations of overdense, nearly isothermal plasma in the solar corona provide a significant challenge to theories of coronal heating. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 1 BP L113 EP L116 DI 10.1086/379094 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 730DT UT WOS:000185814500029 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Longo, G Luce, M Generosi, R Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Thielen, P Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Miller, JK Tolk, NH Piston, DW Cattaruzza, F Flamini, A Prosperi, T Mezzi, A AF Cricenti, A Longo, G Luce, M Generosi, R Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Thielen, P Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Miller, JK Tolk, NH Piston, DW Cattaruzza, F Flamini, A Prosperi, T Mezzi, A TI AFM and SNOM characterization of carboxylic acid terminated silicon and silicon nitride surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carboxylic acid; atomic force microscopy; silicon; silicon nitride ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; ATTACHMENT; METALS AB Silicon and silicon nitride surfaces have been successfully terminated with carboxylic acid monolayers and investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). On clean Si surface, AFM showed topographical variations of 0.3-0.4 nm while for the clean Si3N4 surface the corrugation was around 3-4 nm. After material deposition, the corrugation increased in both samples with a value in topography of 1-2 nm for Si and 5-6 nm for Si3N4. The space distribution of specific chemical species was obtained by taking SNOM reflectivity at several infrared wavelengths corresponding to stretch absorption bands of the material. The SNOM images showed a constant contribution in the local reflectance, suggesting that the two surfaces were uniformly covered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, Area Ric Roma, Monterotondo Stn, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. CNR, Ist Studio Mat Nanostrutturati, Area Ric Roma, Monterotondo Stn, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Mezzi, Alessio/G-5137-2010; Longo, Giovanni/K-8923-2016; OI Longo, Giovanni/0000-0003-2434-2155; MEZZI, ALESSIO/0000-0002-2887-520X NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 10 PY 2003 VL 544 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00999-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 729ZF UT WOS:000185804200007 ER PT J AU Gao, GT Mikulski, PT Chateauneuf, GM Harrison, JA AF Gao, GT Mikulski, PT Chateauneuf, GM Harrison, JA TI The effects of film structure and surface hydrogen on the properties of amorphous carbon films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FRICTION; MEMS; HYDROCARBONS; DEPOSITION; THICKNESS; COATINGS; ADHESION AB Molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the mechanical and tribological properties of amorphous-carbon thin films with and without surface hydrogen. The simulations showed that the three-dimensional structure, not just the sp(3)-to-sp(2) carbon ratio, is paramount in determining the mechanical properties of the films. Particular orientations of sp(2) ringlike structures create films with both high sp(2) content and large elastic constants. Films with graphite-like top layers parallel to the substrates have lower elastic constants than films with large amounts of sp(3)-hybridized carbon. The layered structure of the hydrogen-free films caused them to have novel mechanical behavior, which also influenced the shape of the friction versus load data. The atomic-scale structure of the film at the interface was of critical importance in determining the load at which tribochemical reactions (or wear) between the counterface and films were induced. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 51 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 9 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 40 BP 11082 EP 11090 DI 10.1021/jp034544+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 729DP UT WOS:000185756900017 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Tansu, N Mawst, LJ AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Tansu, N Mawst, LJ TI (In)GaAsN-based type-II "W" quantum-well lasers for emission at lambda=1.55 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; THEORETICAL GAIN; BAND PARAMETERS; OPERATION; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; EPITAXY; DESIGN; DIODES AB Whereas laser emission at 1.55 mum is difficult to realize using type-I InGaAsN quantum wells grown on GaAs, we show that it can be achieved with far fewer restrictions on the growth by employing type-II (In)GaAsN/GaAsSb/(In)GaAsN/GaAs structures having a "W" band alignment. We use a 10-band k.p formalism that accounts for the N band anticrossing to calculate the gain and spontaneous-emission characteristics of "W" structures optimized for maximum overlap of the electron and hole wave functions. We estimate that one to three wells would be necessary for edge emitters with moderate cavity losses and nonradiative recombination rates, and a somewhat larger number of wells may be required for vertical-cavity surface emitters. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125 NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2742 EP 2744 DI 10.1063/1.1616193 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NB UT WOS:000185664000004 ER PT J AU Shao, L Thompson, PE Bennett, J Dharmaiahgari, BP Trombetta, L Wang, XM Chen, H Seo, HW Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, L Thompson, PE Bennett, J Dharmaiahgari, BP Trombetta, L Wang, XM Chen, H Seo, HW Chen, QY Liu, JR Chu, WK TI Using point-defect engineering to increase stability of highly doped ultrashallow junctions formed by molecular-beam-epitaxy growth SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORIDE-ENHANCED DIFFUSION; MEV-IMPLANTED SILICON; DOPANT DIFFUSION; ION-IMPLANTATION; BORON-DIFFUSION; SI; REDUCTION; TEMPERATURE; AMORPHIZATION AB Stability of p(+)/n junctions remains a critical issue for device performance. We report that the technique of point-defect engineering (PDE) can substantially increase the stability of ultrashallow junctions formed by molecular-beam epitaxy. It is shown that an as-grown 15 nm, 2x10(20)/cm(3) B-doped Si layer becomes unstable during 10 min thermal anneal above 650 degreesC. The thermal stability can be increased by performing a 5x10(15)/cm(2) 1 MeV Si ion implantation. The B profile with the MeV Si implant does not show significant diffusion during annealing up to 750 degreesC, and the final junction depth after an 800 degreesC/10 min anneal is about half that of an annealed unimplanted sample. Although with Mev implantation the as-implanted B profile becomes slightly deeper due to recoil implantation, and some of the B has been electrically deactivated by the MeV implantation, PDE is advantageous for postgrowth thermal processes above 700 degreesC. The mechanism causing the instability is discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Iint SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2823 EP 2825 DI 10.1063/1.1615685 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727NB UT WOS:000185664000031 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Wang, T Liu, XX Deschamps, J Flippen-Anderson, J Liao, XB Cook, JM AF Yu, JM Wang, T Liu, XX Deschamps, J Flippen-Anderson, J Liao, XB Cook, JM TI General approach for the synthesis of sarpagine indole alkaloids. Enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-vellosimine, (+)-normacusine B, (-)-alkaloid Q(3), (-)-panarine, (+)-N-a-methylvellosimine, and (+)-N-a-methyl-16-epipericyclivine SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PICTET-SPENGLER REACTION; STEREOSPECIFIC TOTAL SYNTHESIS; ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; ANTIMICROBIALLY ACTIVE ALKALOIDS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; INTRAMOLECULAR ALPHA-ARYLATION; GELSEMIUM ALKALOIDS; STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; ALSTONIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA AB The first total synthesis of (+)-N-a-methyl-16-epipericyclivine (9) was completed [from D-(+)tryptophan methyl ester] in an overall yield of 42% (eight reaction vessels). The optical rotation [[alpha](D) +22.8 (c 0.50, CHCl3)] obtained on this material confirmed that the reported optical rotation [[alpha](D) 0 (c 0.50, CHCl3)](47) was biogenetically unreasonable. The total syntheses of (+)-vellosimine, (+)-normacusine B, (-)-alkaloid Q(3), (-)-panarine, and (+)-N-a-methylvellosimine are also described. Moreover, a mixed sample (1:1) of synthetic (-)-panarine and natural (-)-panarine yielded only one set of signals in the C-13 NMR; this indicated that the two compounds are identical and further confirmed the correct configuration of (+)-vellosimine, (+)-normacusine B, and (-)-alkaloid Q(3). In this approach, the key templates, (-)-N-a-H,N-b-benzyltetracyclic ketone 15a and (-)-N-a-methyl,N-b-benzyltetracyclic ketone 43 were synthesized on multihundred gram scale by the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction and a stereocontrolled Dieckmann cyclization via improved sequences. An intramolecular palladium (enolate-mediated) coupling reaction was employed to introduce the C(19)-C(20) E-ethylidene function in the sarpagine alkaloids for the first time in stereospecific fashion. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 124 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 8 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 3 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 20 BP 7565 EP 7581 DI 10.1021/jo030006h PG 17 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 726PW UT WOS:000185609000001 PM 14510528 ER PT J AU Goetz, PG Funk, EE Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Binari, SC AF Goetz, PG Funk, EE Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Binari, SC TI Quadrature amplitude modulation in modulating retroreflector system SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB It has been shown that the data throughput of an optical modulating retroreflector (MRR) system can be enhanced by use of spectrally efficient M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-ary QAM). It has been demonstrated that this MRR system has sufficient dynamic range to support up to 64-QAM at 30 Mbit/s in a 6.75 MHz channel bandwidth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 20 BP 1463 EP 1464 DI 10.1049/el:20030962 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 733ZV UT WOS:000186031500024 ER PT J AU Li, X Demiguel, S Li, N Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DL Williams, KJ AF Li, X Demiguel, S Li, N Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DL Williams, KJ TI Backside illuminated high saturation current partially depleted absorber photodetecters SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; BANDWIDTH; POWER AB A high-saturation-current, back side-illuminated In0.53Ga0.47As photodiode with a partially depleted absorber has been fabricated and tested. The I dB small-signal compression current was 199 mA at 1 GHz for a 100 pm diameter photodiode. The I dB large-signal compression current was 24 mA at 48 GHz for an 8 pm-diameter photodiode. The responsivity was 0.6 A/W at 1.55 mum. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 20 BP 1466 EP 1467 DI 10.1049/el:20030927 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 733ZV UT WOS:000186031500026 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Knight, DA Goldman, ER Delehanty, JB Chang, EL AF Deschamps, JR Knight, DA Goldman, ER Delehanty, JB Chang, EL TI Dichloro{methyl 4-[(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl)methyl]benzoate}cobalt(III) methylsulfate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYSIS; COMPLEXES; PROGRESS AB The title compound, [COCl2(C17H28N4O2)](CH3O4S), is formed from the esterification of the parent benzoic acid complex in refluxing methanol/sulfuric acid. The coordination around cobalt is distorted octahedral, with cis chloride ligands. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD OCT PY 2003 VL 59 BP M916 EP M918 DI 10.1107/S16005368030320099 PN 10 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 727EN UT WOS:000185644100035 ER PT J AU Paine, SCM AF Paine, SCM TI Creating a Chinese Harbin: Nationalism in an international city, 1916-1932. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Paine, SCM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1120 DI 10.1086/529805 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 752ZE UT WOS:000187205400022 ER PT J AU Castle, TN AF Castle, TN TI Diem's final failure: Prelude to America's war in Vietnam. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Castle, TN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1126 DI 10.1086/529813 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 752ZE UT WOS:000187205400030 ER PT J AU Steffen, C Thomas, CD AF Steffen, C Thomas, CD TI The men behind the eponym - Francis E. Senear, Barney Usher, and the Senear-Usher syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Francis Senear; lupus erythematosus; pemphigus erythematodes (pemphigus erythematosus); pemphigus foliaceus; Senear-Usher syndrome; Barney Usher ID PEMPHIGUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; FOLIACEUS AB This historical review will summarize the report of Francis Senear and Barney Usher on a disease that they called pemphigus erythematodes and which later became pemphigus erythematosus (the Senear-Usher syndrome). It will then outline the lives of these two men. Finally, it will review the literature on that condition and relate the views of various authorities as to whether pemphigus erythematosus is merely pemphigus foliaceus, a variant of pemphigus foliaceus, a syndrome combining features of lupus erythematosus and pemphigus or whether pemphigus erythematosus (Senear-Usher syndrome) is a distinct and separate disease. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Steffen, C (reprint author), 1717 Avocado Rd, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 25 IS 5 BP 432 EP 436 DI 10.1097/00000372-200310000-00011 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 724ZG UT WOS:000185517700011 PM 14501294 ER PT J AU Gomez, JC McNamara, DT Bockarie, MJ Baird, JK Carlton, JM Zimmerman, PA AF Gomez, JC McNamara, DT Bockarie, MJ Baird, JK Carlton, JM Zimmerman, PA TI Identification of a polymorphic Plasmodium vivax microsatellite marker SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; FALCIPARUM; GENOME; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE AB Microsatellite markers derived from simple sequence repeats have been useful in studying a number of human pathogens, including the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Genetic markers for P. vivax would likewise help elucidate the genetics and population characteristics of this other important human malaria parasite. We have identified a locus in a P. vivax telomeric clone that contains simple sequence repeats. Primers were designed to amplify this region using a two-step semi-nested polymerase chain reaction protocol. The primers did not amplify template obtained from non-infected individuals, nor DNA from primates infected with the other human malaria parasites (P. ovale, P. malariae, or P. falciparum). The marker was polymorphic in P. vivax-infected field isolates obtained from Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Guyana. This microsatellite marker may be useful in genetic and epidemiologic studies of P. vivax malaria. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Papua New Guinea Inst Med Res, Madang, Papua N Guinea. Amer Embassy Jakarta, USN Med Res Unit 2, Parasit Dis Program, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Inst Genom Res, Parasite Genom Grp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Zimmerman, PA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046919, AI-46919] NR 19 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 377 EP 379 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 741QZ UT WOS:000186469900005 PM 14640496 ER PT J AU Brown, CVR Abrishami, M Muller, M Velmahos, GC AF Brown, CVR Abrishami, M Muller, M Velmahos, GC TI Appendiceal abscess: Immediate operation or percutaneous drainage? SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern California Chapter of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY JAN 24-26, 2003 CL SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Surg, SO Calif Chapter ID CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT; INTERVAL APPENDECTOMY; MASS AB Conflicting evidence exists regarding the optimal treatment for abscess complicating acute appendicitis. The objective of this study is to compare immediate appendectomy (IMM APP) versus expectant management (EXP MAN) including percutaneous drainage with or without interval appendectomy to treat periappendiceal abscess. One hundred four patients with acute appendicitis complicated by periappendiceal abscess were identified. We compared 36 patients who underwent IMM APP with 68 patients who underwent EXP MAN. Outcome measures included morbidity and length of hospital stay. The groups were similar with regard to age (30.6 +/- 12.3 vs. 34.8 +/- 13.5 years), gender (61% vs. 62% males), admission WBC count (17.5 +/- 5.1 X 10(3) VS. 17.0 +/- 4.8 X 10(3) cells/dL), and admission temperature (37.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 37.8 +/- 0.9degreesF). IMM APP patients had a higher rate of complications than EXP MAN patients at initial hospitalization (58% vs. 15%, P < 0.001) and for all hospitalizations (67% vs. 24%, P < 0.001). The IMM APP group also had a longer initial (14.8 +/- 16.1 vs. 9.0 +/- 4.8 days, P = 0.01) and overall hospital stay (15.3 +/- 16.2 vs. 10.7 +/- 5.4 days, P = 0.04). We conclude that percutaneous drainage and interval appendectomy is preferable to immediate appendectomy for treatment of appendiceal abscess because it leads to a lower complication rate and a shorter hospital stay. C1 LAC USC Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Brown, CVR (reprint author), LAC USC Med Ctr, 1200 N State St,Room 9900, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 14 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 10 BP 829 EP 832 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 729KD UT WOS:000185771600002 PM 14570357 ER PT J AU Ligler, FS Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Sapsford, KE Shubin, Y Golden, JP AF Ligler, FS Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Sapsford, KE Shubin, Y Golden, JP TI Array biosensor for detection of toxins SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE biosensor; immunosensor; array; multi-analyte; toxin; detection ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; FIBEROPTIC BIOSENSOR; CHOLERA-TOXIN; ENVIRONMENTAL IMMUNOASSAYS; MULTIVALENT INTERACTIONS; MULTIANALYTE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANTIBODIES AB The array biosensor is capable of detecting multiple targets rapidly and simultaneously on the surface of a single waveguide. Sandwich and competitive fluoroimmunoassays have been developed to detect high and low molecular weight toxins, respectively, in complex samples. Recognition molecules (usually antibodies) were first immobilized in specific locations on the waveguide and the resultant patterned array was used to interrogate up to 12 different samples for the presence of multiple different analytes. Upon binding of a fluorescent analyte or fluorescent immunocomplex, the pattern of fluorescent spots was detected using a CCD camera. Automated image analysis was used to determine a mean fluorescence value for each assay spot and to subtract the local background signal. The location of the spot and its mean fluorescence value were used to determine the toxin identity and concentration. Toxins were measured in clinical fluids, environmental samples and foods, with minimal sample preparation. Results are shown for rapid analyses of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, cholera toxin, botulinum toxoids, trinitrotoluene, and the mycotoxin fumonisin. Toxins were detected at levels as low as 0.5 ng mL(-1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 67 TC 167 Z9 176 U1 7 U2 70 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 377 IS 3 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-1992-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 724JZ UT WOS:000185485600010 PM 12811462 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Charles, PT Kusterbeck, AW AF Shriver-Lake, LC Charles, PT Kusterbeck, AW TI Non-aerosol detection of explosives with a continuous flow immunosensor SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE sensor; explosives; TNT; RDX; immunoassay ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ON-SITE DETECTION; MULTIANALYTE DETECTION; SOIL EXTRACTS; GROUNDWATER; TNT; RDX; IMMUNOASSAY; WATER AB Contamination of groundwater, soil, and the marine environment by explosives is a global issue. Identification, characterization and remediation are all required for a site recognized as contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) or hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). For each step, a method to accurately measure the contaminant level is needed. This paper reviews some of the current methods with emphasis on a single biosensor developed in our laboratory. Current regulatory methods require samples to be sent off-site to a certified laboratory resulting in time delays up to a month. A continuous flow biosensor for detection of explosives has been developed and tested for the rapid field screening of environmental samples. The detection system is based on a displacement immunoassay in which monoclonal antibodies to (TNT) and RDX are immobilized on solid substrates, allowed to bind fluorescently labeled antigens, and then exposed to explosives in aqueous samples. Explosive compounds present in the sample displace proportional amounts of the fluorescent label, which can then be measured to determine the original TNT or RDX concentration. The system can accurately detect ppb to ppt levels of explosives in groundwater or seawater samples and in extracts of contaminated soil. The biosensor has applications in environmental monitoring at remediation sites or in the location of underwater unexploded ordnance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcs@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 377 IS 3 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2130-8 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 724JZ UT WOS:000185485600018 PM 12920500 ER PT J AU Paluska, T Sise, M Egan, M Biondi, M AF Paluska, T Sise, M Egan, M Biondi, M TI Incidental findings in a level I trauma population SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 12-13, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 210 BP S57 EP S58 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 730JT UT WOS:000185828200207 ER PT J AU Park, CW Banks, SL Riffenburgh, RH Buckley, RG AF Park, CW Banks, SL Riffenburgh, RH Buckley, RG TI Failure of progesterone as a predictor of ectopic pregnancy in patients with quantitative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin values below the ultrasonographic discriminatory threshold of 2,000 mIU/mL SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 12-13, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 84 BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 730JT UT WOS:000185828200084 ER PT J AU Marcotte, TD Deutsch, R McCutchan, JA Moore, DJ Letendre, S Ellis, RJ Wallace, MR Heaton, RK Grant, I AF Marcotte, TD Deutsch, R McCutchan, JA Moore, DJ Letendre, S Ellis, RJ Wallace, MR Heaton, RK Grant, I CA HNRC Grp TI Prediction of incident neurocognitive impairment by plasma HIV RNA and CD4 levels early after HIV seroconversion SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; VIRAL LOAD; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RISK-FACTOR; DRUG-USERS; AIDS AB Background: Neuropsychological (NP) impairment is a relatively common sequela in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with advanced disease. Early antecedents of NP dysfunction, however, remain poorly understood. Objective: To determine whether early markers of immunocompetence and viral replication in individuals who have undergone seroconversion would be of prognostic value in identifying subjects who would become cognitively impaired. Methods: Seventy-four subjects with estimable seroconversion dates and normal cognition at baseline (a median of I year after seroconversion) received NP and laboratory evaluations, including reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction measurements of plasma (N = 74) and cerebrospinal fluid (n = 47) levels of HIV RNA. Subjects were followed up longitudinally, and were considered to have reached the end point if they became cognitively impaired. Results: Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, the subgroups with the most rapid progression to NP impairment were (1) subjects with early reductions in CD4 counts (<400 cells/muL at baseline; P=.007) and (2) those with elevated plasma HIV RNA values (>4.5 log(10) copies/mL; P=.03) early after seroconversion. Using proportional hazards modeling, the highest-risk subjects had both CD4 counts less than 400 cells/pL and HIV RNA levels greater than 4.5 log(10) copies/mL (risk ratio, 6.0; P=.01). In most subjects (7/9 [78%]), NP impairment developed before an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness. Conclusions: Neurocognitive outcomes in HIV are strongly influenced by very early systemic virological and immunological events. Patients with high plasma levels of HIV RNA and low CD4 counts early after infection should be aggressively treated to prevent immunological decline and NP deterioration. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, HIV Neurobehav Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Washington, DC USA. San Diego Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Psychiat Serv, San Diego, CA USA. RP Marcotte, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, HIV Neurobehav Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 150 W Washington,2nd Floor, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Ellis, Ronald/K-3543-2015 OI Ellis, Ronald/0000-0003-4931-752X FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 62512] NR 44 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1406 EP 1412 DI 10.1001/archneur.60.10.1406 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 731PL UT WOS:000185895600008 PM 14568811 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV AF Makarov, VV TI The 100 brightest X-ray stars within 50 parsecs of the sun SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : activity; stars : kinematics; stars : statistics; X-rays ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; CHROMOSPHERICALLY ACTIVE STARS; RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; CA-II H; YOUNG STARS; LOCAL ASSOCIATION; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; BINARY STARS AB Based on the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 astrometric catalogs and the ROSAT surveys, a sample of 100 stars most luminous in X-rays within or around a distance of 50 pc is culled. The smallest X-ray luminosity in the sample, in units of 10(29) ergs s(-1), is L-X = 9.8; the strongest source in the solar neighborhood is II Peg, a RS CVn star, at L-X = 175.8. With respect to the origin of X-ray emission, the sample is divided into partly overlapping classes of pre-main-sequence, post-T Tauri, and very young ZAMS objects (type XY), RS CVn-type binary stars (type RS), other active short-period binaries, including binary BY Dra-type objects (type XO), apparently single or long-period binary active evolved stars (type XG), contact binaries of WU UMa kind (type WU), apparently single or long-period binary variable stars of BY Dra kind (type BY), and objects of unknown nature (type X?). Chromospherically active, short-period binaries (RS and XO) make up 40% of the brightest X-ray emitters, followed by young stars (XY) at 30% and unknown sources (X?) at 15%. The fraction of spectroscopically single evolved X-ray emitters of spectral classes IV and III is quite large (10%). The sources identified as RS CVn-type stars (RS, 23 objects) are considerably stronger in X-ray than the XY-objects and the other active binaries (XO and WU, 20 objects). Seven objects have L-X > 100, all RS except one XY, viz., BO Mic. Only five (22%) RS objects have L-X < 25, while only three (10%) XY stars have L-X > 25. Formally, the limit of L-X = 25 could serve as a statistical criterion to differentiate RS and XY stars. However, the other short-period binaries (including eclipsing stars of Algol and beta Lyr type) have a distribution of L-X very similar to the XY objects. The contact binaries (WU) appear to be much weaker in X-rays than their detached counterparts of RS type, but the sample of the former is too small (three objects) to reach a firm conclusion. Sources matched with giants (either single or in binaries) are found to be significantly harder, with only 7% of hardness ratios below 0, than subgiants (66% of HR1 < 0) and dwarfs (59% of HR1 < 0). Almost all objects in the sample are binary or multiple stars; the fraction of components (FC), defined as the total number of components in all binary and multiple systems divided by the sum of the total number of components and single stars, is at least 0.90. The FC for the XY objects reaches 0.81, and for the unknown type 0.89. About 70% of RS objects have also visual or astrometric companions, which makes them hierarchical multiple systems. The RS objects (mostly old, evolved stars) and the XY stars have quite different kinematics. While the RS objects move at considerable velocities in apparently random directions with respect to the local standard of rest, the young stars have smaller and orderly velocities and tend to comprise expanding mini-associations such as the beta Pic and the Tucana groups. The majority of the young X-ray active stars belong to the Pleiades stream with the mean heliocentric velocity (U, V, W) = (-9.6, -21.8, -7.7) km s(-1). C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 1101 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 76 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1996 EP 2008 DI 10.1086/378164 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TM UT WOS:000185676200029 ER PT J AU Stone, RC Monet, DG Monet, AKB Harris, FH Ables, HD Dahn, CC Canzian, B Guetter, HH Harris, HC Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Munn, JA Pier, JR Vrba, FJ Walker, RL AF Stone, RC Monet, DG Monet, AKB Harris, FH Ables, HD Dahn, CC Canzian, B Guetter, HH Harris, HC Henden, AA Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Munn, JA Pier, JR Vrba, FJ Walker, RL TI Upgrades to the Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope: A fully automated telescope for astrometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; instrumentation : detectors; methods : data analysis; methods : observational; techniques : image processing; techniques : photometric ID EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE FRAME; STELLAR OCCULTATION CANDIDATES; DIFFERENTIAL COLOR REFRACTION; PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; CELESTIAL-REFERENCE-FRAME; OUTER PLANETS; CCD OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION; CALIBRATION REGIONS; FASTT OBSERVATIONS AB The Flagstaff Astrometric Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT) is a fully automated telescope that takes about 41,000 CCD frames of data a year for various research projects. All aspects of the telescope's operation have been automated (e.g., target selection, observing, reduction of data, and collation of results), and manpower needs are now under one person per year, mostly involved with routine maintenance and the dissemination of data. This paper describes the FASTT instrumental system, methods used with its automated operation, and the various FASTT research projects. Among the projects, astrometry is provided in support of various spacecraft missions, to predict occultation events, calculate dynamical masses for selective asteroids, and improve the ephemerides for thousands of asteroids, the planets Jupiter to Pluto, and 17 satellites of Jupiter through Neptune. Although most of the FASTT observing program involves the solar system, FASTT stellar astrometry was used to set up a number of astrometric calibration regions along the celestial equator, verify the Hipparcos link to the International Celestial Reference Frame, determine accurate positions for a large sample of radio stars, and investigate systematic errors in the FK5 star catalog. Furthermore, the FASTT produces accurate magnitudes that are being used to investigate the shapes of thousands of asteroids. By the end of year 2003, the FASTT will have produced over 190,000 positions of solar system objects in a program to provide a very large and homogeneous database for each object that will extend over many years and include positions accurate to +/-47 to +/-300 mas, depending on the magnitude of each observed object (3.5 < V < 17.5). Moreover, extensive efforts have been undertaken to improve the systematic accuracy of FASTT equatorial positions by applying corrections in the reductions for differential color refraction, distortions in the focal plane, and correcting for a positional error that is dependent on magnitude. The systematic accuracy of FASTT observations is now about +/-20 mas in both right ascension and declination. FASTT data have contributed very significantly to recent successful spacecraft missions and to a dramatic improvement in the predictions made for occultation events. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Stone, RC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 126 IS 4 BP 2060 EP 2080 DI 10.1086/377622 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TM UT WOS:000185676200034 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Blythe, N Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, H Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carr, MA Castander, FJ Chiu, K Collinge, MJ Connolly, AJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Dodelson, S Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Feldman, PD Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gal, RR Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gonzalez, CF Gray, J Grebel, EK Grodnicki, L Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hao, L Harbeck, D Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Heckman, TM Helmboldt, JF Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Homer, L Hui, L Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Inkmann, JP Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jordan, B Jordan, WP Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kauffmann, G Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Laubscher, BE Lee, BC Leger, RF Li, N Lidz, A Lin, H Loh, YS Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malik, T Margon, B McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Miknaitis, GA Moorthy, BK Munn, JA Murphy, T Nakajima, R Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Odenkirchen, M Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Peoples, J Pier, JR Pindor, B Pope, AC Quinn, TR Rafikov, RR Raymond, SN Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schaye, J Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Seljak, U Sergey, G Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Silvestri, NM Sinisgalli, AJ Sirko, E Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Steinhardt, C Stinson, G Stoughton, C Strateva, IV Strauss, MA Subbarao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tasca, L Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Willman, B Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yarger, J Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zakamska, NL Zehavi, I Zheng, W Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Blythe, N Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, H Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carr, MA Castander, FJ Chiu, K Collinge, MJ Connolly, AJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Dodelson, S Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Feldman, PD Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gal, RR Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gonzalez, CF Gray, J Grebel, EK Grodnicki, L Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hao, L Harbeck, D Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Heckman, TM Helmboldt, JF Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Homer, L Hui, L Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Inkmann, JP Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jordan, B Jordan, WP Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kauffmann, G Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Laubscher, BE Lee, BC Leger, RF Li, N Lidz, A Lin, H Loh, YS Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malik, T Margon, B McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Miknaitis, GA Moorthy, BK Munn, JA Murphy, T Nakajima, R Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Odenkirchen, M Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Peoples, J Pier, JR Pindor, B Pope, AC Quinn, TR Rafikov, RR Raymond, SN Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schaye, J Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Seljak, U Sergey, G Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Silvestri, NM Sinisgalli, AJ Sirko, E Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Steinhardt, C Stinson, G Stoughton, C Strateva, IV Strauss, MA Subbarao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tasca, L Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Willman, B Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yarger, J Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zakamska, NL Zehavi, I Zheng, W Zibetti, S Zucker, DB TI The first data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; GALAXY SAMPLE; SYSTEM AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has validated and made publicly available its First Data Release. This consists of 2099 deg(2) of five-band (u, g, r, i, z) imaging data, 186,240 spectra of galaxies, quasars, stars and calibrating blank sky patches selected over 1360 deg(2) of this area, and tables of measured parameters from these data. The imaging data go to a depth of r approximate to 22.6 and are photometrically and astrometrically calibrated to 2% rms and 100 mas rms per coordinate, respectively. The spectra cover the range 3800-9200 Angstrom, with a resolution of 1800-2100. This paper describes the characteristics of the data with emphasis on improvements since the release of commissioning data (the SDSS Early Data Release) and serves as a pointer to extensive published and on-line documentation of the survey. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Akad Pedag Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Lucent Technol, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012; OI Murphy, Tara/0000-0002-2686-438X; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Schaye, Joop/0000-0002-0668-5560; Tan, Joshua/0000-0003-3835-8115; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; PINDOR, BARTOSZ/0000-0003-3240-2437; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737 NR 22 TC 713 Z9 719 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 126 IS 4 BP 2081 EP 2086 DI 10.1086/378165 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TM UT WOS:000185676200035 ER PT J AU Tournear, D Raffauf, E Bloom, ED Focke, W Giebels, B Godfrey, G Parkinson, PMS Reilly, KT Wood, KS Ray, PS Wolff, MT Bandyopadhyay, RM Lovellette, MN Scargle, JD AF Tournear, D Raffauf, E Bloom, ED Focke, W Giebels, B Godfrey, G Parkinson, PMS Reilly, KT Wood, KS Ray, PS Wolff, MT Bandyopadhyay, RM Lovellette, MN Scargle, JD TI X-ray bursts in neutron star and black hole binaries from Unconventional Stellar Aspect experiment and Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer data: Detections and upper limits SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID RAPID-BURSTER; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER; XTE J1118+480; EVENT-HORIZON; CYGNUS X-2; MASS; FLASHES; TRANSIENTS; QUIESCENCE; SPECTRUM AB Narayan & Heyl have developed a theoretical framework to convert suitable upper limits on type I X-ray bursts from accreting black hole candidates (BHCs) into evidence for an event horizon. However, no appropriate observational limit exists in the literature. In this paper we survey 2101.2 ks of data from the Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) X-ray timing experiment and 5142 ks of data from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) experiment to obtain a formal constraint of this type. We find that 1122 ks of neutron star data yield a population-averaged mean burst rate of (1.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(-5) bursts s(-1), while 6081 ks of BHC data yield a 95% confidence level upper limit of 4.9 x 10(-7) bursts s(-1). This is the first published limit of this type for BHCs. Applying the theoretical framework of Narayan & Heyl, we calculate regions of unstable luminosity, where the neutron stars are expected to burst and the BHCs would be expected to burst if they had a surface. In this unstable luminosity region, 464 ks of neutron star data yield an averaged mean burst rate of (4.1 +/- 0.8) x 10(-5) bursts s(-1), and 1512 ks of BHC data yield a 95% confidence level upper limit of 2.0 x 10(-6) bursts s(-1) and a strong limit that BHCs do not burst with a rate similar to the rate of neutron stars in these unstable regions. This gives further evidence that BHCs do not have surfaces unless there is some new physics occurring on their surface. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Tournear, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP 1058 EP 1065 DI 10.1086/377431 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TJ UT WOS:000185675800038 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GD Harris, HC Liebert, J Eisenstein, DJ Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Hall, PB Harvanek, M Hawley, S Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Long, D Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Snedden, SA Szkody, P Berk, DV AF Schmidt, GD Harris, HC Liebert, J Eisenstein, DJ Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Hall, PB Harvanek, M Hawley, S Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Long, D Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Snedden, SA Szkody, P Berk, DV TI Magnetic white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The first data release SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : magnetic fields; white dwarfs ID DOUBLE-DEGENERATE BINARY; HYDROGEN-RICH; RE J0317-853; FIELDS; DISCOVERY; SYSTEM; CARBON; CALIBRATION; EVOLUTION; LINES AB Beyond its goals related to the extragalactic universe, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is an effective tool for identifying stellar objects with unusual spectral energy distributions. Here we report on the 53 new magnetic white dwarfs discovered during the first two years of the survey, including 38 whose data are made public in the 1500 deg(2) First Data Release. Discoveries span the magnitude range 16.3 less than or equal to g less than or equal to 20.5, and based on the recovery rate for previously known magnetic white dwarfs, the completeness of the SDSS appears to be high for reasonably hot stars with B greater than or similar to 3 MG and g greater than or similar to 15. The new objects nearly double the total number of known magnetic white dwarfs and include examples with polar field strengths B-p > 500 MG, as well as several with exotic atmospheric compositions. The improved sample statistics and uniformity indicate that the distribution of magnetic white dwarfs has a broad peak in the range similar to5-30 MG and a tail extending to nearly 10(9) G. Degenerates with polar fields B-p greater than or similar to 50 MG are consistent with being descendents of magnetic Ap/Bp main-sequence stars, but low- and moderate-field magnetic white dwarfs appear to imply another origin. Yet-undetected magnetic F-type stars with convective envelopes that destroy the ordered underlying field are attractive candidates. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Akad Pedag Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Schmidt, GD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 44 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP 1101 EP 1113 DI 10.1086/377476 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TJ UT WOS:000185675800043 ER PT J AU Suchkov, AA Makarov, VV Voges, W AF Suchkov, AA Makarov, VV Voges, W TI ROSAT view of Hipparcos F stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : activity; stars : evolution; stars : kinematics; stars : pre-main-sequence; X-rays : stars ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; UVBY PHOTOMETRY; STELLAR CONTENT; HYADES CLUSTER; EVOLUTION; PLEIADES; BINARIES; CATALOG; VELOCITY AB For a set of 11,900 F stars that have uvby photometry and are in the Hipparcos catalog, we have found 1980 X-ray counterparts (similar to17%) in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). In this paper we analyze X-ray properties of these ROSAT F stars and compare that sample with the entire set of our F stars. The comparison has shown that the ROSAT F stars are on average younger than stars in the whole set, consistent with previous studies that indicate lower X-ray emission in older stars. However, for the ROSAT stars only, the age-X-ray activity relation has proved to be more complicated, with a group of strong X-ray emitters being the oldest rather than the youngest stars. That group determines the shape of the overall relationship between the kinematics and X-ray luminosity. The relationship is in the sense that the mean tangential velocity and velocity dispersion are higher for stars that are more luminous at the X-ray wavelengths, implying that these stars are on average the oldest rather than the youngest. The group of strongest X-ray emitters, log L-X > 30: 4, which constitutes only a small fraction of the sample stars, similar to2.8%, has been found to include a variety of stellar types. It is dominated by very young objects, followed by RS CVn-type stars and other active binaries. As to the sample as a whole, it seems to consist of at least three distinct groups of F stars that differ in their X-ray luminosity and evolution of their X-ray emission. The first one is represented by normal zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) and post-ZAMS stars whose X-ray emission declines with age, just as expected in the conventional picture of stellar X-ray evolution (roughly half of the sample). The second group consists of strong X-ray emitters that appear to be very young, possibly pre-main-sequence stars. These stars are characterized by high metallicity, high temperature, and high overluminosity (the latter indicating that the star's optical luminosity is too high for the star's temperature and surface gravity). Many of them are located in the distance range similar to130-200 pc, near the known regions of ongoing star formation or OB associations. The third group also consists of strong X-ray emitters. However, those are very old rather than very young stars, and they happen to be extremely overluminous as well. Their strong X-ray emission implies that many F stars are capable of increasing rather than decreasing their X-ray luminosity as they get older, thus challenging the idea that X-ray emission continuously declines with age. Most of these old X-ray emitters have significantly evolved away from the ZAMS. If they increase their outer convective zone as they evolve, they would probably be able to maintain a high level of coronal activity, and hence enhanced X-ray emission, despite decaying rotation. Other relationships found for the ROSAT F stars include the correlation of X-ray luminosity with hardness ratio, optical absolute magnitude, effective temperature, overluminosity, metallicity, and reddening. There is also a difference between binary and single stars, with X-ray luminosity being on average slightly higher for unresolved binaries. There is a distinct difference between the groups of soft and hard X-ray emitters in our sample: while the soft sources show a significant correlation between the X-ray luminosity and hardness ratio, no such correlation is seen for hard sources. The tendency for X-ray luminosity to be higher for harder sources implies that stars more luminous in the X-rays have a hotter corona. This tendency breaks up at large hardness values, which may be due to coronal saturation. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Suchkov, AA (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP 1206 EP 1221 DI 10.1086/377472 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TJ UT WOS:000185675800050 ER PT J AU Linton, MG Priest, ER AF Linton, MG Priest, ER TI Three-dimensional reconnection of untwisted magnetic flux tubes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID NULL POINTS; SOLAR CORONA; PLASMA; FIELDS; MAGNETOPAUSE; EJECTIONS; TOPOLOGY; DYNAMICS; ARCADES; ORIGIN AB Understanding the reconnection of magnetic fields in flux tubes is of key importance for modeling solar activity and space weather. We are therefore studying this process via three-dimensional MHD simulations. We report here on a simulation of the collision of a pair of perpendicular, untwisted magnetic flux tubes. We find that the collision proceeds in four stages. First, on contact, the tubes flatten out into wide sheets. Second, they begin to reconnect and the tearing mode instability is excited in the reconnection region. Third, the nonlinear evolution of the tearing mode creates a pair of reconnected flux tubes. Finally, these flux tubes reconnect with each other to coalesce into a single flux tube. We then report on a pair of simulations exploring how this behavior changes when the speed of flux tube collision is increased and when the magnetic resistivity is increased. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ St Andrews, Inst Math, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Oberlook Ave SW,Code 7600A, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP 1259 EP 1276 DI 10.1086/377439 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TJ UT WOS:000185675800054 ER PT J AU Lin, RP Krucker, S Hurford, GJ Smith, DM Hudson, HS Holman, GD Schwartz, RA Dennis, BR Share, GH Murphy, RJ Emslie, AG Johns-Krull, C Vilmer, N AF Lin, RP Krucker, S Hurford, GJ Smith, DM Hudson, HS Holman, GD Schwartz, RA Dennis, BR Share, GH Murphy, RJ Emslie, AG Johns-Krull, C Vilmer, N TI RHESSI observations of particle acceleration and energy release in an intense solar gamma-ray line flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays; gamma rays ID EMISSION; ABUNDANCES; SPECTRA AB We summarize Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) hard X-ray (HXR) and gray imaging and spectroscopy observations of the intense (X4.8) gamma-ray line flare of 2002 July 23. In the initial rise, a new type of coronal HXR source dominates that has a steep double-power-law X-ray spectrum and no evidence of thermal emission above 10 keV, indicating substantial electron acceleration to tens of keV early in the flare. In the subsequent impulsive phase, three footpoint sources with much flatter double-power-law HXR spectra appear, together with a coronal superhot (T similar to 40 MK) thermal source. The north footpoint and the coronal source both move systematically to the north-northeast at speeds up to similar to50 km s(-1). This footpoint's HXR flux varies approximately with its speed, consistent with magnetic reconnection models, provided the rate of electron acceleration varies with the reconnection rate. The other footpoints show similar temporal variations but do not move systematically, contrary to simple reconnection models. The gamma-ray line and continuum emissions show that ions and electrons are accelerated to tens of MeV during the impulsive phase. The prompt de-excitation gamma-ray lines of Fe, Mg, Si, Ne, C, and O-resolved here for the first time-show mass-dependent redshifts of 0.1%-0.8%, implying a downward motion of accelerated protons and alpha-particles along magnetic field lines that are tilted toward the Earth by similar to40degrees. For the first time, the positron annihilation line is resolved, and the detailed high-resolution measurements are obtained for the neutron-capture line. The first ever solar gamma-ray line and continuum imaging shows that the source locations for the relativistic electron bremsstrahlung overlap the 50-100 keV HXR sources, implying that electrons of all energies are accelerated in the same region. The centroid of the ion-produced 2.223 MeV neutron-capture line emission, however, is located similar to20" +/- 6" away, implying that the acceleration and/or propagation of the ions must differ from that of the electrons. Assuming that Coulomb collisions dominate the energetic electron and ion energy losses (thick target), we estimate that a minimum of similar to2 x 10(31) ergs is released in accelerated >similar to20 keV electrons during the rise phase, with similar to10(31) ergs in ions above 2.5 MeV nucleon(-1) and about the same in electrons above 30 keV released in the impulsive phase. Much more energy could be in accelerated particles if their spectra extend to lower energies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Lin, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Grizzly Peak & Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012; Holman, Gordon/C-9548-2012 NR 39 TC 218 Z9 227 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP L69 EP L76 DI 10.1086/378932 PN 2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TK UT WOS:000185676000001 ER PT J AU Murphy, RJ Share, GH Hua, XM Lin, RP Smith, DM Schwartz, RA AF Murphy, RJ Share, GH Hua, XM Lin, RP Smith, DM Schwartz, RA TI Physical implications of RHESSI neutron-capture line measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances Sun : abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; turbulence ID GAMMA-RAY LINE; FLARE MAGNETIC LOOPS; SOLAR-FLARE; EMISSION; PROPAGATION; ABUNDANCES; PARTICLES AB We report high spectral resolution measurements of the 2.223 MeV neutron-capture line obtained with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) from the 2002 July 23 solar flare. The time history of this line is affected by both the photospheric He-3 abundance and the angular distribution of the interacting flare-accelerated particles producing the neutrons. The measured time history is compared with predicted time histories calculated using a magnetic loop model with a magnetic field perpendicular to the solar surface at the footpoints. The model includes energy losses due to Coulomb collisions, removal by nuclear reactions, magnetic mirroring in the convergent flux tube, and MHD pitch-angle scattering in the corona. This is the first analysis of the neutron-capture line using such a physically based model. The derived constraints on the interacting angular distribution require that the accelerated particles had to suffer pitch-angle scattering during their transport through the coronal portion of the loop. The derived photospheric He-3/H ratio was not well constrained, primarily because of uncertainties associated with the measured nuclear de-excitation line flux used to represent the neutron-production time profile. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EER Syst Inc, L3 Commun, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Murphy, RJ (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/378175 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TK UT WOS:000185676000006 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Smith, DM Lin, RP Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Smith, DM Lin, RP Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA TI Directionality of flare-accelerated alpha-particles at the Sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID GAMMA-RAY LINES; SOLAR-FLARES; PROBES; RHESSI AB The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) has observed the Be-7 and Li-7 gamma-ray lines from fusion of accelerated alpha-particles with ambient helium produced during the 2002 July 23 solar flare that erupted at a heliocentric angle of 73degrees. This is the first observation of the lines with a germanium spectrometer. We have fitted the measured lines with calculated shapes for different energy and angular distributions for the interacting alpha-particles. A particle distribution from saturated pitch-angle scattering in the corona provides the best fit, but isotropic, downward-isotropic, or fan-beam distributions also provide acceptable fits. We can rule out a downward-beamed distribution with 99.99% confidence. RHESSI measurements of other Doppler-shifted nuclear de-excitation lines are consistent with a forward isotropic distribution of interacting particles in a magnetic loop tilted by similar to40degrees from the normal to the solar surface toward Earth. Such a distribution is also consistent with the alpha-He-4 line shape with similar to15% confidence. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP L89 EP L92 DI 10.1086/378176 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TK UT WOS:000185676000005 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Skibo, JG Smith, DM Hudson, HS Lin, RP Shih, AY Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA Kozlovsky, B AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Skibo, JG Smith, DM Hudson, HS Lin, RP Shih, AY Dennis, BR Schwartz, RA Kozlovsky, B TI High-resolution observation of the solar positron-electron annihilation line SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; Sun : x-rays, gamma rays ID FLARE MAGNETIC LOOPS; RHESSI; PARTICLES; EMISSION; MODELS; SUN AB The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) has observed the positron-electron annihilation line at 511 keV produced during the 2002 July 23 solar flare. The shape of the line is consistent with annihilation in two vastly different solar environments. It can be produced by formation of positronium by charge exchange in flight with hydrogen in a quiet solar atmosphere at a temperature of similar to6000 K. However, the measured upper limit to the 3gamma/2gamma ratio (ratio of annihilation photons in the positronium continuum to the number in the line) is only marginally consistent with what is calculated for this environment. The annihilation line can also be fitted by a thermal Gaussian having a width of 8.1 +/- 1.1 keV (FWHM), indicating temperatures of similar to(4-7) x 10(5) K. The measured 3gamma/2gamma ratio does not constrain the density when the annihilation takes place in such an ionized medium, although the density must be high enough to slow down the positrons. This would require the formation of a substantial mass of atmosphere at transition-region temperatures during the flare. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerald.share@nrl.navy.mil; ronald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil; slaase@rcn.com; dsmith@ssl.berkeley.edu; hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu; rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu; ashih@ssl.berkeley.edu; brian.r.dennis@nasa.gov; richard.schwartz@gsfc.nasa.gov; benz@wise.tau.ac.il RI Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012; Shih, Albert/D-4714-2012 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/378174 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TK UT WOS:000185676000004 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Share, GH Murphy, RJ Schwartz, RA Shih, AY Lin, RP AF Smith, DM Share, GH Murphy, RJ Schwartz, RA Shih, AY Lin, RP TI High-resolution spectroscopy of gamma-ray lines from the X-class solar flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; line : profiles; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID ALPHA-PARTICLES; DIRECTIONALITY; ABUNDANCES; RHESSI AB The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopy Imager (RHESSI) has obtained the first high-resolution measurements of nuclear de-excitation lines produced by energetic ions accelerated in a solar flare, a GOES X4.8 event occurring on 2002 July 23 at a heliocentric angle of similar to73degrees. Lines of neon, magnesium, silicon, iron, carbon, and oxygen were resolved for the first time. They exhibit Doppler redshifts of 0.1%-0.8% and broadening of 0.1%-2.1% (FWHM), generally decreasing with mass. The measured redshifts are larger than expected for a model of an interacting ion distribution isotropic in the downward hemisphere in a radial magnetic field. Possible interpretations of the large redshifts include (1) an inclination of the loop magnetic field to the solar surface so that the ion distribution is oriented more directly away from the observer and (2) extreme beaming of the ions downward along a magnetic field normal to the solar surface. Bulk downward motion of the plasma in which the accelerated ions interact can be ruled out. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Shih, Albert/D-4714-2012 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 2 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/378173 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TK UT WOS:000185676000003 ER PT J AU Ekberg, JO Feldman, U AF Ekberg, JO Feldman, U TI New identifications of MnVI and FeVII vacuum ultraviolet lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; methods : laboratory; Sun : UV radiation; ultraviolet : general ID CORONAL SPECTRUM; SOLAR; SUMER; VII AB The Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded a large number of spectra in the 500-1600 Angstrom region. Although many of the detected lines have already been identified, the origins of a substantial fraction of the lines remain unknown. In this paper we report on a study of Mn VI and Fe VII in laboratory-generated vacuum spark spectra. Some of the Fe VII identified lines belonging to transitions of the type 3d4s-3d4p and 3d4p-3d4d were also observed in SUMER quiet-Sun and sunspot spectra. Because of the much lower manganese abundance in the solar atmosphere, none of the Mn VI lines were observed in the SUMER spectra. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Ekberg, JO (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 148 IS 2 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1086/377438 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 727TN UT WOS:000185676300013 ER PT J AU Shender, BS Forster, EM Hrebien, L Ryoo, HC Cammarota, JP AF Shender, BS Forster, EM Hrebien, L Ryoo, HC Cammarota, JP TI Acceleration-induced near-loss of consciousness: The "A-LOC" syndrome SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration; A-LOC; loss of consciousness; near infrared spectroscopy; amnesia; confusion; muscle twitching; N-LOC AB Background: There is an insidious phenomenon that can occur when aircrew are exposed to +Gz stress even at levels that are insufficient to cause +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). Under these circumstances aircrew exhibit an altered state of awareness that was termed Almost Loss of Consciousness (A-LOC) by the U.S. Navy in the late 1980's. A-LOC is a syndrome that includes a wide variety of cognitive, physical, emotional, and physiological symptoms. While A-LOC has been observed in centrifuge studies and reported in flight for over 15 yr, a definitive description of the syndrome does not exist. Methods: Nine subjects were exposed to short +6, 8, and 10 Gz pulses of increasing duration until they experienced G-LOC. Instrumentation included two channels of ECG and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure relative cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO(2)). Subjects indicated +Gz-induced visual symptoms (light loss, LL) by pressing a switch when LL began and releasing it when total vision was restored. Short-term memory loss was assessed using a simple math task. Data analysis included a description and the time course of the physical, physiological, cognitive and emotional responses. Results: There were 66 episodes of A-LOC that were identified out of a total of 161 +Gz pulse exposures. Many incidents of sensory abnormalities, amnesia, confusion, euphoria, difficulty in forming words, and reduced auditory acuity were documented. Often these responses occurred in multiple subjects and at different +Gz levels. One of the most common symptoms was a disconnection between cognition and the ability to act on it. There was a significant reduction in rSO(2) over baseline, greater overshoot in rSO(2) (increase in oxygenation above baseline after the +Gz exposure), faster fall in rSO(2) during +Gz stress and prolonged recovery time associated with A-LOC as compared with +Gz exposures without symptoms. Conclusion: Evaluation of the range of symptoms associated with A-LOC can lead to a program to increase pilots' awareness of the phenomenon and further our understanding of the relationship between the outward symptoms and the underlying physiological changes. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EDO M Tech, Huntingdon Valley, PA USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), NAWCAD, S Engn Ctr, Crew Syst Dept, Bldg 2187,Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1021 EP 1028 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 726QG UT WOS:000185610000001 PM 14556561 ER PT J AU Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacralne, KS Hurt, W Ziriax, J AF Allen, SJ Adair, ER Mylacralne, KS Hurt, W Ziriax, J TI Empirical and theoretical dosimetry in support of whole body resonant RF exposure (100 MHz) in human volunteers SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; E field; H field; field scans; specific absorption rate (SAR); finite difference time domain (FDTD) ID RESPONSES; SAR AB This study reports the dosimetry performed to support an experiment that measured physiological responses of volunteer human subjects exposed to the resonant frequency for a seated human adult at 100 MHz. Exposures were performed in an anechoic chamber which was designed to provide uniform fields for frequencies of 100 MHz or greater. A half wave dipole with a 90degrees reflector was used to optimize the field at the subject location. The dosimetry plan required measurement of transmitter harmonics, stationary probe drift, field strengths as a function of distance, electric and magnetic field maps at 200, 225, and 250 cm from the dipole antenna, and specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements using a human phantom, as well as theoretical predictions of SAR with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. On each exposure test day, a measurement was taken at 225 cm on the beam centerline with a NBS E field probe to assure consistently precise exposures. A NBS 10 cm loop antenna was positioned 150 cm to the right, 100 cm above, and 60 cm behind the subject and was read at 5 min intervals during all RF exposures. These dosimetry measurements assured accurate and consistent exposures. FDTD calculations were used to determine SAR distribution in a seated human subject. This study reports the necessary dosimetry for work on physiological consequences of human volunteer exposures to 100 MHz. Bioelectromagnetics 24:502-509,2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Veridian Engn Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Ctr Detachment, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Allen, SJ (reprint author), Veridian Engn Inc, 3276 Reliance Loop, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM stewart.allen@brooks.af.mil NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1002/bem.10129 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 723WU UT WOS:000185455200007 PM 12955755 ER PT J AU Holm, ER Haslbeck, EG Horinek, AA AF Holm, ER Haslbeck, EG Horinek, AA TI Evaluation of brushes for removal of fouling from fouling-release surfaces, using a hydraulic cleaning device SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE fouling; fouling-release; brush characteristics; hull cleaning ID PAINT BOOSTER BIOCIDES; COATINGS; BARNACLES; ADHESION; TBT AB A portable hydraulic device has been developed for use in optimizing the design of brushes and cleaning units that may be employed to maintain fouling-release coatings. Laboratory tests showed that characteristics of experimental cleaning brushes, including bristle stiffness, density, and angle, significantly affected the shear and normal forces imparted to the surface and thus, to any encrusting organisms. The standoff distance between the cleaning unit and the surface also influenced the forces generated. The rate of rotation of the brush, however, had little effect on force. The hydraulic device, with its experimental brushes, can also be used to evaluate the cleanability of fouling-release surfaces in situ, or to assess wear of the coating system due to cleaning. C1 USN Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Holm, ER (reprint author), USN Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 641,Bldg 60,Room 334,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Horinek, Ales/D-2794-2017 OI Horinek, Ales/0000-0001-5250-7020 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD OCT PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1080/0892701031000137512 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 744AB UT WOS:000186604800003 PM 14650084 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Talley, D Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH Congiu-Castellano, A Rizzo, MA Piston, DW AF Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Talley, D Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Tolk, NH Congiu-Castellano, A Rizzo, MA Piston, DW TI Chemically resolved imaging of biological cells and thin films by infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; SHEAR FORCE; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; PHOTOEMISSION; ABSORPTION AB The infrared (IR) absorption of a biological system can potentially report on fundamentally important microchemical properties. For example, molecular IR profiles are known to change during increases in metabolic flux, protein phosphorylation, or proteolytic cleavage. However, practical implementation of intracellular IR imaging has been problematic because the diffraction limit of conventional infrared microscopy results in low spatial resolution. We have overcome this limitation by using an IR spectroscopic version of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), in conjunction with a tunable free-electron laser source. The results presented here clearly reveal different chemical constituents in thin films and biological cells. The space distribution of specific chemical species was obtained by taking SNOM images at IR wavelengths ( l) corresponding to stretch absorption bands of common biochemical bonds, such as the amide bond. In our SNOM implementation, this chemical sensitivity is combined with a lateral resolution of 0.1 mum (approximate tolambda1/70), well below the diffraction limit of standard infrared microscopy. The potential applications of this approach touch virtually every aspect of the life sciences and medical research, as well as problems in materials science, chemistry, physics, and environmental research. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Stuttura Mat, Rome, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Piston, DW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 85 IS 4 BP 2705 EP 2710 DI 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74693-1 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 726AQ UT WOS:000185575400059 PM 14507733 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ Gray, SA Shubin, YS Kulagina, N Cuttino, DS Shaffer, KM Eisemann, K Curran, A Zim, B Gross, GW O'Shaughnessy, TJ AF Pancrazio, JJ Gray, SA Shubin, YS Kulagina, N Cuttino, DS Shaffer, KM Eisemann, K Curran, A Zim, B Gross, GW O'Shaughnessy, TJ TI A portable microelectrode array recording system incorporating cultured neuronal networks for neurotoxin detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amplifier; array; biosensor; extracellular recording; microelectrode array; portable; primary neuronal cultures ID CELL-BASED BIOSENSORS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; SURFACE AB Cultured neuronal networks, which have the capacity to respond to a wide range of neuroactive compounds, have been suggested to be useful for both screening known analytes and unknown compounds for acute neuropharmacologic effects. Extracellular recording from cultured neuronal networks provides a means for extracting physiologically relevant activity, i.e. action potential firing, in a noninvasive manner conducive for long-term measurements. Previous work from our laboratory described prototype portable systems capable of high signal-to-noise extracellular recordings from cardiac myocytes. The present work describes a portable system tailored to monitoring neuronal extracellular potentials that readily incorporates standardized microelectrode arrays developed by and in use at the University of North Texas. This system utilizes low noise amplifier and filter boards, a two-stage thermal control system with integrated fluidics and a graphical user interface for data acquisition and control implemented on a personal computer. Wherever possible, off-the-shelf components have been utilized for system design and fabrication. During use with cultured neuronal networks, the system typically exhibits input referred noise levels of only 4-6 muV(RMS), such that extracellular potentials exceeding 40 muV can be readily resolved. A flow rate of up to 1 ml/min was achieved while the cell recording chamber temperature was maintained within a range of 36-37 degreesC. To demonstrate the capability of this system to resolve small extracellular potentials, pharmacological experiments with cultured neuronal networks have been performed using ion channel blockers, tetrodotoxin and tityustoxin. The implications of the experiments for neurotoxin detection are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 20 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1339 EP 1347 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00092-7 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 719FT UT WOS:000185193500004 PM 12896834 ER PT J AU Rios-Mendoza, LM Macias-Zamora, JV Zirino-Weiss, AR AF Rios-Mendoza, LM Macias-Zamora, JV Zirino-Weiss, AR TI Iridium: An option for measurement of the redox potential SO CIENCIAS MARINAS LA Spanish DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Iberian Seminar on Marine Chemistry CY 2000 CL UNIV CADIZ, CADIZ, SPAIN HO UNIV CADIZ DE redox potential; iridium; redox electrode; platinum ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PLATINUM-ELECTRODE; SEAWATER; SYSTEMS; WATERS; EH AB Some relevant results are presented of research leading to an alternative redox electrode to platinum. Several different electrodes were subjected to experiments under controlled conditions, mainly in artificial seawater. Among those tested were platinum, graphite, glassy carbon, gold and iridium. Our results, when combined with those estimated by using a model based on the MINEQL+ program, suggest that the O(2)/H(2)O(2) redox couple is the one that controls the redox potential under these experimental conditions. In well-oxygenated waters (P(O2) = 0.21 atm) and pH = 8, the value calculated for EH = 0.748 V and the pE at the surface should read 12.67 (pE = (F/2.3RT) EH = 12.67). However, in practice, the redox potential experimentally measured was only between +0.45 and +0.50 V. Additionally, the presence of H(2)O(2) was determined from our own measurements. Its concentration was estimated at about 10(-8) M. This value is in good agreement with values measured and reported by other authors for surface waters under natural conditions. The four sets of measurements that were carried out were: measurements where the O(2) concentration of the solution was changed and the pH was kept constant (and vice versa); measurements of several redox couples (including Fe(2+)/Fe(3+), NO(3)(-) /NO(2)(-) and I(3)(-)/I(-)); measurements in mud flats at San Quintin, Baja California; and measurement of the redox potential in natural seawater and in filtered and UV seawater. Most measurements indicate that the electrode with a response closest to that predicted by thermodynamics is the Ir electrode. We also found that the reaction of Pt, when compared to Ir, appeared to be slow. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Mar, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. USN Command, Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rios-Mendoza, LM (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Mar, Apartado Postal 453, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM lrios@uabc.mx NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST INVESTIGACIONES OCEANOLOGICAS, U A B C PI BAJA CALIFORNIA PA APARTADO POSTAL 423, ENSENADA, BAJA CALIFORNIA 22800, MEXICO SN 0185-3880 J9 CIENC MAR JI Ceinc. Mar. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 509 EP 520 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 737QZ UT WOS:000186244400014 ER PT J AU Dong, HL Kostka, JE Kim, J AF Dong, HL Kostka, JE Kim, J TI Microscopic evidence for microbial dissolution of smectite SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE EC-TEM; microbial Fe(III) reduction; mineral transformation; Shewanella oneidensis; smectite ID FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; IRON OXIDATION-STATE; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; STRUCTURAL FE(III); HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CLAY-MINERALS; SURFACE-AREA; FERRIC-OXIDE; NONTRONITE; MAGNETITE AB This study was undertaken to investigate mechanisms of mineral transformations associated with microbial reduction of structural Fe(III) in smectite. Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 cells were inoculated with lactate as the electron donor and Fe(III) in smectite as the electron acceptor. The extent of Fe(III) reduction was observed to reach up to 26%. Reduction proceeded via association of live bacterial cells with smectite. At the end of incubation, a large fraction of starting smectite was transformed to euhedral flakes of biogenic smectite with different morphology, structure, and composition. Lattice-fringe images obtained from environmental cell transmission electron microscope displayed a decrease of layer spacing from 1.5 +/- 0.1 nm for the unreduced smectite to 1.1+/-0.1 nm for the reduced smectite. The biogenic smectite contained more abundant interlayer cations, apparently as a result of charge compensation for the reduced oxidation state of Fe in the octahedral site. To capture the dynamics of smectite reduction, a separate experiment was designed. The experiment consisted of several systems, where various combinations of carbon source (lactate) and different concentrations of AQDS, an electron shuttle, were used. Selected area electron diffraction patterns of smectite showed progressive change from single-crystal patterns for the control experiment (oxidized, unaltered smectite), to diffuse ring patterns for the no-carbon experiment (oxidized, but altered smectite), to well-ordered single crystal pattern for the experiment amended with 1 mM AQDS (well crystalline, biogenic smectite). Large crystals of vivianite and fine-grained silica of biogenic origin were also detected in the bioreduced sample. These data collectively demonstrate that microbial reduction of Fe(III) in smectite was achieved via dissolution of smectite and formation of biogenic minerals. The microbially mediated mineral dissolution-precipitation mechanism has important implications for mineral reactions in natural environments, where the reaction rates may be substantially enhanced by the presence of bacteria. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NASA, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 29 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510504 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 731HQ UT WOS:000185878600004 ER PT J AU Ananth, R Ndubizu, CC Tatem, PA AF Ananth, R Ndubizu, CC Tatem, PA TI Burning rate distributions for boundary layer flow combustion of a PMMA plate in forced flow SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE moving boundary; flame spread; solid combustion; boundary layer ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); DIFFUSION FLAME; SURFACE; STABILIZATION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; EXTINCTION; SPREAD AB Solutions of Navier-Stokes (NS) equations were obtained for burning rate Nu and temperature distributions for a flat, PMMA plate using an iterative method to impose steady-state, pyrolysis kinetics at the surface. The NS solutions show that Nu depends on both Reynolds number Re and air velocity U unlike the classical solutions, which include the boundary layer (BL) approximations. However, at large values of Re (Re > 1000) and U (U > 120 cm/s), the NS solutions can be represented by Nu = epsilon + 0.1 Re-1/2, where the intercept epsilon increases with U and the slope is identical to that given by the classical BL solutions. The NS solutions are compared with experiments, in which short (10 cm) PMMA plates were ignited uniformly and burnt for different lengths of time. The comparisons show that the steady-state surface pyrolysis approximation holds in the middle region of the pyrolysis zone, where the NS solutions agree with the data for Nu. Near the leading edge, where the heat feedback is high, the NS solutions over-predict the measurements as the initially flat surface becomes curved (concave) and forms a valley due to the moving boundary. As the valley size increases with time, the deviations between the NS solutions and data increase and extend to increasing distance from the leading edge. Far from the leading edge, where the heat feed back is low, NS solutions also over-predict the data due to transient effects caused by in-depth pyrolysis. As the melt approaches the pyrolysis temperature, the data approach NS solutions with increased burn times. Therefore, the curvature and in-depth heat transfer/pyrolysis effects are significant within the pyrolysis zone at large and small burn times, respectively. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Ananth, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00143-3 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 734DA UT WOS:000186038900004 ER PT J AU Waldron, A Swaine, MD Baum, RD Gill, B Godwin, P Goldstein, A Lau, LJ Lieberthal, K Miller, HL Pei, MX Roy, JS Shambaugh, D Yang, A Rowen, HS Lampton, DM Pollack, JD Tkacik, JJ Odom, WE Lilley, JR Wortzel, LM AF Waldron, A Swaine, MD Baum, RD Gill, B Godwin, P Goldstein, A Lau, LJ Lieberthal, K Miller, HL Pei, MX Roy, JS Shambaugh, D Yang, A Rowen, HS Lampton, DM Pollack, JD Tkacik, JJ Odom, WE Lilley, JR Wortzel, LM TI Watching China SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Strateg & Int Studies, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Natl War Coll, Chico, CA USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Kissinger Associates, New York, NY USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. Chinese Council Adv Policy Studies, Taipei, Taiwan. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. Heritage Fdn, Washington, DC 20002 USA. Hudson Inst, Washington, DC USA. Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Carnegie Endowment Int Peace, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD OCT PY 2003 VL 116 IS 3 BP 10 EP + PG 10 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 722YG UT WOS:000185405200012 ER PT J AU Gates, WR Terasawa, KL AF Gates, WR Terasawa, KL TI Reconsidering publicness in alliance defence expenditures: NATO expansion and burden sharing SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 76th Annual Conference of the Western-Economics-Association-International (WEAI) CY JUL 04-08, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Western Econ Assoc Int DE burden sharing; defense alliances; NATO; public goods ID COLLECTIVE GOODS; ECONOMIC-THEORY; ALLIES AB Over the past several decades, NATO allies have debated the relative burdens and benefits of NATO membership. Recently, this concern surfaced as members debated the magnitude and distribution of NATO expansion costs. This paper presents an economic model of defence alliances to identify the benefits and burdens of alliance membership. It suggests that defence expenditures provide public benefits if alliance members share common interests and mutual commitment; defence expenditures provide private benefits if countries lack common interests and mutual commitment. The model's results are used to discuss NATO's evolving roles and missions, NATO expansion and burden sharing across NATO members. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Mississippi, Croft Inst Int Studies, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Gates, WR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM brgates@nps.navy.mil; kterasawa@bus.olemiss.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.1080/1024269032000076305 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 826JW UT WOS:000221826400005 ER PT J AU Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Butler, JE Nigoul, JM AF Benabdesselam, M Iacconi, P Butler, JE Nigoul, JM TI TL characterisation of a CVD diamond wafer for ionising radiation dosimetry SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on New Diamond Science and Technology CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA DE polycrystalline diamond; thermoluminescence; ionising radiation ID THERMOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALS; FILM AB This work reports some thermoluminescent features of 28 samples cut from a free-standing polycrystalline diamond wafer grown by microwave assisted plasma CVD. All these samples show the same thermoluminescence (TL) peak at 540 K, particularly suitable for ionising radiation dosimetry. The homogeneity of synthesis in terms of TL responses as well as some criteria usually required for dosimetry work are studied. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nice, CRESA, LPES, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Benabdesselam, M (reprint author), Univ Nice, CRESA, LPES, EA 1174,Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 2, France. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD OCT-NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1750 EP 1754 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(03)00195-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 755TJ UT WOS:000187427300023 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance analysis for an irreversible variable temperature heat reservoir closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; Brayton cycle; intercooled; regenerated; irreversible ID POWER-DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; CARNOT ENGINE; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUT AB In this paper, the theory of finite time thermodynamics is used in the performance analysis of an irreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs. The analytical formulae for dimensionless power and efficiency, as functions of the total pressure ratio, the intercooling pressure ratio, the component (regenerator, intercooler, hot and cold side heat exchangers) effectivenesses, the compressor and turbine efficiencies and the thermal capacity rates of the working fluid and the heat reservoirs, the pressure recovery coefficients, the heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio, and the cooling fluid in the intercooler and the cold side heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio, are derived. The intercooling pressure ratio is optimized for optimal power and optimal efficiency, respectively. The effects of component (regenerator, intercooler and hot and cold side heat exchangers) effectivenesses, the compressor and turbine efficiencies,, the pressure recovery coefficients, the heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio and the cooling fluid in the intercooler and the cold side heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio on optimal power and its corresponding intercooling pressure ratio, as well as optimal efficiency and its corresponding intercooling pressure ratio are analyzed by detailed numerical examples. When the heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs are executed ideally, the pressure drop losses are small enough to be neglected and the thermal capacity rates of the heat reservoirs are infinite, the results of this paper replicate those obtained in recent literature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2713 EP 2732 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00046-3 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 698WE UT WOS:000184021700003 ER PT J AU Olszowka, AJ Shykoff, BE Pendergast, DR Lundgren, CEG Farhi, LE AF Olszowka, AJ Shykoff, BE Pendergast, DR Lundgren, CEG Farhi, LE TI Cardiac output: a view from Buffalo SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cardiac output; exercise; gravity; pressure; water immersion ID STEP REBREATHING TECHNIQUE; PULMONARY BLOOD-FLOW; SINGLE-BREATH METHOD; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; HIGH-ALTITUDE; ELITE DIVERS; CO2 TENSIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; HOLD DIVES; EXERCISE AB Cardiac output ((Q)over dot) is a primary determinant of blood pressure and O-2 delivery and is critical in the maintenance of homeostasis, particularly during environmental stress. Cardiac output can be determined invasively in patients; however, indirect methods are required for other situations. Soluble gas techniques are widely used to determine (Q)over dot. Historically, measurements during a breathhold, prolonged expiration and rebreathing to CO2 equilibrium have been used; however, with limitations, especially during stress. Farhi and co-workers developed a single-step CO2 rebreathing method, which was subsequently revised by his group, and has been shown to be valid (compared to direct measures) and reliable. Carbon dioxide output ((V)over dotCO(2)), partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2), and partial pressure of mixed venous CO2 (Pv(CO2)) are determined during 12-25 s of rebreathing, using the appropriate tidal volume, and (Q)over dot is calculated. This method has the utility to provide accurate data in laboratory and field experiments during exercise, increased and micro-gravity, water immersion, lower body pressure, head-down tilt, and changes in gas composition and pressure. Utilizing the Buffalo CO2 rebreathing method it has been shown that the (Q)over dot can adjust to a wide range of changes in environments maintaining blood pressure and O-2 delivery at rest and during exercise. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Herman Rahn Lab, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Res & Educ Special Environm, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Biomed Res Dept, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Pendergast, DR (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Herman Rahn Lab, 124 Sherman Hall,3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 90 IS 3-4 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s00421-003-0921-4 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 742WY UT WOS:000186542100009 PM 12942332 ER PT J AU Jones, GEG Balaban, CD Jackson, RL Wood, KA Kopke, RD AF Jones, GEG Balaban, CD Jackson, RL Wood, KA Kopke, RD TI Effect of trans-bullar gentamicin treatment on guinea pig angular and linear vestibulo-ocular reflexes SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ototoxicity; gentamicin; vestibulo-ocular reflexes; off-vertical axis rotation ID VERTICAL AXIS ROTATION; OTOLITH-OCULAR REFLEXES; HAIR CELL RECOVERY; MENIERES-DISEASE; INTRATYMPANIC GENTAMICIN; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; SENSORY EPITHELIA; ACCELERATION; OTOTOXICITY; RESPONSES AB This study provides the first systematic examination of the effects of intratympanic gentamicin instillation on vestibulo-ocular responses of guinea pigs during both Earth-vertical yaw axis and off-vertical axis rotation. A scleral search coil was sutured to the right eye of pigmented female guinea pigs prior to trans-bullar instillation of a 0.2-ml bolus of either 20 mg/ml or 40 mg/ml of gentamicin (1) into the right middle ear (unilateral treatment groups) or (2) into both ears (bilateral treatment groups). Two weeks later, eye movement responses were tested during yaw axis sinusoidal rotation at 7 frequencies (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 Hz, 40 deg/s peak velocity) and during off-vertical axis rotation at five constant velocities (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 deg/s), tilted 30 deg relative to the earth-vertical axis. The main result was that unilateral trans-bullar gentamicin instillation produced almost exclusively unidirectional deficits in horizontal angular vestibulocular reflex (HVOR) responses and modulation and bias responses to off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR). The HVOR gain was reduced during rotation toward the injected ear in a dose-dependent manner for frequencies of 1 Hz and lower, but there was no effect on responses during rotation toward the intact ear. Further, the modulation and bias responses to OVAR were reduced profoundly in a dose-dependent manner during rotation toward the treated ear. It is suggested that these effects indicate selective cytotoxic and/or physiologic effects of gentamicin intoxication in the inner ear or, possibly, the vestibular nerve and central nervous system. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol & Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Kopke, RD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0014-4819 J9 EXP BRAIN RES JI Exp. Brain Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 152 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00221-003-1531-4 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 721YQ UT WOS:000185346400002 PM 12898099 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Myers, A AF Schultz, MP Myers, A TI Comparison of three roughness function determination methods SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYERS; DRAG-CHARACTERIZATION; SURFACES AB Three methods have been used to experimentally determine the roughness function (DeltaU(+)) for several rough surfaces. These include the rotating disk, the towed plate, and the velocity profile methods. The first two are indirect methods in as much as they rely on measurements of overall torque or resistance and boundary layer similarity laws to obtain DeltaU(+), whereas the velocity profile method provides a direct measurement of DeltaU(+). The present results indicate good agreement between the towed plate and the velocity profile methods for all of the surfaces tested. Tests for the rotating disk were carried out at much higher unit Reynolds numbers. Using this method, the results for sandpaper rough surfaces agree within their uncertainty with a Nikuradse-type roughness function in the fully rough regime, while a spray painted surface agrees with a Colebrook-type roughness function. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s00348-003-0686-x PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 733CG UT WOS:000185981900010 ER PT J AU Milke, JA Hulcher, ME Worrell, CL Gottuk, DT Williams, FW AF Milke, JA Hulcher, ME Worrell, CL Gottuk, DT Williams, FW TI Investigation of multi-sensor algorithms for fire detection SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTELLIGENCE; SYSTEMS AB There is widespread interest in the development of advanced fire detectors. A primary objective of fire detection is to provide prompt indication of the presence of a fire, without responding to deceptive signatures from nuisance sources. The principal purpose of this project is to identify the characteristics of a discriminating fire detector for Naval shipboard applications incorporating ionization, photoelectric, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide sensors. Test data from previously conducted full-scale tests involving fire and nuisance sources are being analyzed to develop an algorithm involving combinations of the magnitude or slope of the response signal from each sensor. Acceptability of a particular algorithm is judged based on the number of correct classifications (fire vs. nuisance) and response time to fire sources. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hughes Associates, Baltimore, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Milke, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 363 EP 382 DI 10.1023/A:1025378100781 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 713EV UT WOS:000184844700006 ER PT J AU Lund, FH AF Lund, FH TI Untitled - Editor SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Naval Air Depot, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Lund, FH (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Depot, Naval Air Stn, Code 45120,Bldg 104 Mc, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 18 IS 10 BP COVER2 EP COVER2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 732BU UT WOS:000185921600002 ER PT J AU Lier, E Purdy, D Maalouf, K AF Lier, E Purdy, D Maalouf, K TI Study of deployed and modular active phased-array multibeam satellite antenna SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE satellite antennas; satellite communication; phased arrays; multibeam antennas; intermodulation distortion AB A deployed, self-cooled, and modular (tile-based) active phased array for multibeam applications has recently been proposed and discussed in the literature. This novel antenna facilitates the implementation of large array antennas in space with many beams from the same aperture, offering a flexible payload with the potential for high traffic capacity. However, the configuration also raises some questions about degradation in antenna performance, due to constraints such as a non-circular aperture, frame gap, uniform amplitude excitation, and a calibration boom deployed in front of the array. Methods dealing with these issues are discussed in this paper. It is shown that a phase-only optimization technique can effectively reduce interference between same-frequency spatially reused beams, and can compensate for EIRP and C/I degradation for tile-correlated errors and failures. C1 Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Syst, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Lier, E (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Syst, 100 Campus Dr, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. EM erik.lier@lmco.com; purdyd@onr.navy.mil; maalouf@crd.ge.com NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1109/MAP.2003.1252808 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 747YQ UT WOS:000186834300003 ER PT J AU Sperry, BJ Lynch, JF Gawarkiewicz, G Chiu, CS Newhall, A AF Sperry, BJ Lynch, JF Gawarkiewicz, G Chiu, CS Newhall, A TI Characteristics of acoustic propagation to the eastern vertical line array receiver during the summer 1996 New England Shelthreak PRIMER Experiment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE PRIMER experiment; shallow-water acoustics; shelfbreak front ID SEA POLAR FRONT; INTERNAL WAVES; SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MODE PROPAGATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB During July and August of 1996, the summer component of the New England Shelfbreak Front PRIMER Experiment was fielded in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, at a site due south of Martha's Vineyard, MA. This study produced acoustic transmission data from a network of moored sources and receivers in conjunction with very-high-resolution oceanography measurements. This paper analyzes receptions at the northeast array receiver from two 400-Hz acoustic tomography sources, with the transmission paths going from the continental slope onto the continental shelf. These data, along with forward acoustic-propagation modeling based on moored oceanographic data, SeaSoar hydrography measurements, and bottom measurements, reveal many new and interesting aspects of acoustic propagation in a complicated slope-shelf environment. For example, one sees that both the shelfbreak front and tidally generated soliton internal wave packets produce stronger mode coupling than previously expected, leading to an interesting time-and-range-variable population of the acoustic normal modes. Additionally, the arrival time wander and the signal spread of acoustic pulses show variability that can be attributed to the presence of a frontal meander and variability in the soliton field. These and other effects are discussed in this paper, with an emphasis on creating a strong connection between the environmental measurements and the acoustic field characteristics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sperry, BJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 729 EP 749 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.819153 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 759JH UT WOS:000187734200013 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Steinberg, ML Page, AB AF Singh, SN Steinberg, ML Page, AB TI Nonlinear adaptive and sliding mode flight path control of F/A-18 model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT; SYSTEMS AB The question of inertial trajectory control of aircraft in the three-dimensional space is discussed. It is assumed that the nonlinear aircraft model has uncertain aerodynamic derivatives. The control system is decomposed into a variable structure outer loop and an adaptive inner loop. The outer-loop feedback control system accomplishes (x,y,z) position trajectory and sideslip angle control using the derivative of thrust and three angular velocity components (p,q,r) as virtual control inputs. Then an adaptive inner feedback loop is designed, which produces the desired angular rotations of aircraft using aileron, elevator, and rudder control surfaces to complete the maneuver. Simplification in the inner-loop design is obtained based on a two-time scale (singular perturbation) design approach by ignoring the derivative of the virtual angular velocity vector, which is a function of slow variables. These results are applied to a simplified F/A-18 model. Simulation results are presented which show that in the closed-loop system asymptotic trajectory control is accomplished in spite of uncertainties in the model at, different flight conditions. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Flight Control Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,BOX 454026, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM sahaj@ee.unlv.edu NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1262 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1261125 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 768CT UT WOS:000188511200010 ER PT J AU Bilow, HJ AF Bilow, HJ TI Guided waves on a planar tensor impedance surface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE anisotropic impedance; guided waves; planar waveguides; surface impedance AB Guided wave mode propagation constants are determined for an infinite planar surface characterized by an anisotropic impedance tensor. Restrictions on the tensor elements implied by the imposition of a passivity requirement are presented. The conditions under which E and H modes can exist are determined. The special case of a lossless surface is considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bilow, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2788 EP 2792 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.817568 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 731AE UT WOS:000185861700004 ER PT J AU Kang, W Xiao, MQ Tall, IA AF Kang, W Xiao, MQ Tall, IA TI Controllability and local accessibility - A normal form approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE linearly controllable; nonlinear systems; normal forms; stabilizable ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; STATE-FEEDBACK; STABILIZATION; LINEARIZATION; BIFURCATION AB Given a system with an uncontrollable linearization at the origin, we study the controllability of the system at equilibria around the origin. If the uncontrollable mode is nonzero, we prove that the system always has other equilibria around the origin. We also prove that these equilibria are linearly controllable provided a coefficient in the normal form is nonzero. Thus, the system is qualitatively changed from being linearly uncontrollable to linearly controllable when the equilibrium point is moved from the origin to a different one. This is called a bifurcation of controllability. As an application of the bifurcation, systems with a positive uncontrollable mode can be stabilized at a nearby equilibrium point. In the last part of this paper, simple sufficient conditions are proved for local accessibility of systems with an uncontrollable mode. Necessary conditions of controllability and local accessibility are also proved for systems with a convergent normal form. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Math, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.navy.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD OCT PY 2003 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1724 EP 1736 DI 10.1109/TAC.2003.817924 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 728MR UT WOS:000185721400005 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Cloude, SR Papathanassiou, KP Grunes, MR Woodhouse, IH AF Lee, JS Cloude, SR Papathanassiou, KP Grunes, MR Woodhouse, IH TI Speckle filtering and coherence estimation of polarimetric SAR interferometry data for forest applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE coherence estimation; forest parameter inversion; polarimetric interferometry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) speckle filtering ID STATISTICS; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; RADAR AB Recently, polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry has generated much interest for forest applications. Forest heights and ground topography can be extracted based on interferometric coherence using a random volume over ground coherent mixture model. The coherence estimation is of paramount importance for the accuracy of forest height estimation. The coherence (or correlation coefficient) is a statistical average of neighboring pixels of similar scattering characteristics. The commonly used algorithm is the boxcar filter, which has the deficiency of indiscriminate averaging of neighboring pixels. The result is that coherence values are lower than they should be. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to improve the accuracy in the coherence estimation based on speckle filtering of the 6 x 6 polarimetric interferometry matrix. Simulated images are used to verify the effectiveness of this adaptive algorithm. German Aerospace Center (DLR) L-Band E-SAR data are applied to demonstrate the improved accuracy in coherence and. in forest height estimation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AEL Consultants, Cupar KY15 5AA, Fife, Scotland. DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Woodhouse, Iain/B-1790-2009 NR 17 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2254 EP 2263 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817196 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 733MG UT WOS:000186003900012 ER PT J AU Stack, JR Harley, RG Springer, P Mahaffey, JA AF Stack, JR Harley, RG Springer, P Mahaffey, JA TI Estimation of wooden cross-arm integrity using artificial neural networks and laser vibrometry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE data compression; laser measurements; neural networks; nondestructive testing; self-organizing feature maps; transmission lines AB A significant problem faced by utility operators is the degradation and failure of wooden cross-arms on transmission line support structures. In this paper, a nondestructive, noncontact, reliable method is proposed, which can quickly and cost-effectively evaluate the structural integrity of these cross-arms. This method utilizes a helicopter-based laser vibrometer to measure vibrations induced in a cross-arm by the helicopter's rotors and engine. An artificial neural network (ANN) then uses these vibration spectra to estimate cross-arm breaking strength. The first type of ANN employed is the feed-forward artificial neural network (FFANN). After proper training, the FFANN can reliably discern healthy cross-arms from those that are in need of replacement based on vibration spectra. Next, a self-organizing map is applied to this same problem, and its advantages are discussed. Finally, a FFANN-based data compression scheme is presented for use as a preprocessor for the vibration spectra. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NEETRAC, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Air2 LLC, Miami, FL 33186 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1539 EP 1544 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.817820 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 727LJ UT WOS:000185659500060 ER PT J AU Choi, KK Lin, CH Leung, KM Tamir, T Mao, J Tsui, DC Jhabvala, M AF Choi, KK Lin, CH Leung, KM Tamir, T Mao, J Tsui, DC Jhabvala, M TI Broadband and narrow band light coupling for QWIPs SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2002) CY OCT 13-17, 2002 CL TURIN, ITALY DE infrared detector; quantum well; light-coupling; FPA ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH AB In this work, we will present a detailed study on the corrugated coupling scheme, which uses optical reflection at the angled sidewalls. In particular, we have investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) with different cover materials over a wide range of spectral regime. We found that the coupling is insensitive to the wavelength but depends strongly on the optical properties of the cover material. We will also present the results of C-QWIP focal plane arrays (FPA) characterized so far. An important advantage of the corrugated coupling is its scalability to small pixel size. Based on one corrugation per pixel geometry, we have fabricated a 1024 x 1024 C-QWIP FPA with 99.5% connectivity. With the corrugated coupling geometry, many application restrictions on QWIPs can be eliminated. We will further show that the lack of normal incident absorption in QWIPs can actually be an advantage. It allows one to manipulate the absorption characteristics of QWIPs through different optical coupling structures and creates new detector functionality. The present example is an infrared spectrometer. It consists of a linear array of quantum grid infrared photodetector (QGIP) elements. Each QGIP element shares the same QWIP material but has different grid geometry. The QWIP is made of broadband materials such as the binary superlattices to give an extremely broadband (similar to10 mum) absorption. The structure of the grid, on the other hand, determines the specific wavelength to detect at each detector element in the array. In the QGIP spectrometer, detectors with different line widths will detect different wavelengths simultaneously, thus yielding the emission spectrum of an object. A collection of QGIP spectrometers can form an adaptive FPA. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5-6 BP 309 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00150-6 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 736GT UT WOS:000186163600002 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, P AF Jordan, PM Puri, P TI Stokes' first problem for a Rivlin-Ericksen fluid of second grade in a porous half-space SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID NONCLASSICAL HEAT-CONDUCTION; 2ND GRADE; DIPOLAR FLUID; FLOW; STABILITY; MEDIA AB Stokes' first problem for a Rivlin-Ericksen fluid of second grade in a porous half-space is considered under isothermal conditions. Laplace transform techniques are used to determine the exact solution, temporal limits, small-time expressions, and displacement thickness. In addition, special/limiting cases are noted, energy aspects are covered, and numerical results are presented graphically. Most significantly, it is shown that the flow suffers a jump discontinuity on start-up, that due to this jump a nonpositive steady-state development time can result, and that for a special case of the material constants the flow instantly attains its steady-state configuration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1025 AR PII S0020-7462(02)00048-3 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(02)00048-3 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 637DE UT WOS:000180495700006 ER PT J AU Lyford, RH Mills, MP Knapp, CI Scheyer, ET Mellonig, JT AF Lyford, RH Mills, MP Knapp, CI Scheyer, ET Mellonig, JT TI Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried block allografts for alveolar ridge augmentation: A case series SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS & RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID GUIDED BONE REGENERATION; BARRIER MEMBRANES; AUTOGENOUS BONE; CHIN GRAFTS; IMPLANTS; AUTOGRAFTS; MORBIDITY; RECONSTRUCTION; COMBINATION; DEFECTS AB Clinical Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Block Allografts for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation: A Case Series. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. USN, Dent Crops, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Adv Educ Program, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Mellonig, JT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7894, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 47 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 0198-7569 J9 INT J PERIODONT REST JI Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 23 IS 5 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 739RU UT WOS:000186360900002 PM 14620116 ER PT J AU Piepmeier, JA Lipkin, H AF Piepmeier, JA Lipkin, H TI Uncalibrated eye-in-hand visual servoing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE uncalibrated eye-in-hand visual servoing; nonlinear least squares; Jacobian estimation AB In this paper we present new uncalibrated control schemes for vision-guided robotic trucking of a moving target using a moving camera. These control methods are applied to an uncalibrated robotic system with eye-in-hand visual feedback. Without a priori knowledge of the robot's kinematic model or camera calibration, the system is able to track a moving object through a variety of motions and maintain the object's image features in a desired position in the image plane. These control schemes estimate the system Jacobian as well as changes in target features due to target motion. Four novel strategies are simulated and a variety of parameters are investigated with respect to performance. Simulation results suggest that a Gauss-Newton method utilizing a partitioned Broyden's method for model estimation provides the best steady-state tracking behavior. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD OCT-NOV PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10-11 BP 805 EP 819 DI 10.1177/027836490302210002 PG 15 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 735LD UT WOS:000186114200003 ER PT J AU Gehlhausen, JM Klette, KL Stout, PR AF Gehlhausen, JM Klette, KL Stout, PR TI Occupational cocaine exposure of crime laboratory personnel preparing training aids for a military working dog program SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINE ANALYSIS; ABSORPTION C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. USN, Criminal Investigat Serv, Reg Forens Lab, Norfolk, VA 23505 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Bldg H2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 27 IS 7 BP 453 EP 458 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 728JW UT WOS:000185714900009 PM 14606999 ER PT J AU Horn, CK Klette, KL Stout, PR AF Horn, CK Klette, KL Stout, PR TI LC-MS analysis of 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD from urine using a Speedisk (R) positive-pressure processor with Cerex (R) PolyChrom (TM) CLIN II columns SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; O-H-LSD; MAJOR METABOLITE; SPECIMENS C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. Aegis Sci Corp, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, POB 113,H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 27 IS 7 BP 459 EP 463 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 728JW UT WOS:000185714900010 PM 14607000 ER PT J AU Melkonyan, GG Kroger, H Gulian, AM AF Melkonyan, GG Kroger, H Gulian, AM TI Refrigerator with phonon filters: An application of the phonon deficit effect in superconducting tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METALS AB Nonequilibrium phenomena in thin solid films can result in cooling effects. These types of effects were predicted theoretically a while ago, and only recently were demonstrated experimentally in superconductor-insulator-normal metal (SIN) tunnel junctions. Since then, there is a growing interest in tunneling effects for the purpose to develop on-chip refrigerators. Thin film devices have the advantage of being extremely compact, operate in a continuous mode, dissipate little power, and can easily be integrated in cryogenic detectors. Currently these refrigerators can generate cooling in the order of 100 mK in an environment of 0.3-0.5 K. There are reasons to expect that this performance can be enhanced but a fundamental investigation of underlying principles is required. One of the outcomes of this type of analysis is the phonon deficit effect. In this article we investigate the phonon deficit effect in thin film superconductor-insulator-superconductor and SIN tunnel junctions. Depending on circumstances, the phonon absorption spectra of such tunnel junctions have spectral windows of phonon emission and/or absorption. We demonstrate that the phonon deficit mechanism can stand for the experimental results with SIN tunnel junctions. In addition, application of the theory of this effect allows us to propose using phonon filters to select the phonon absorption windows and thus to enhance the cooling effect. We discuss a particular superlattice design of corresponding phonon filters. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 7 BP 4619 EP 4625 DI 10.1063/1.1602946 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723FC UT WOS:000185420900061 ER PT J AU Mackanos, MA Jansen, ED Shaw, BL Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, I Katzir, A AF Mackanos, MA Jansen, ED Shaw, BL Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, I Katzir, A TI Delivery of midinfrared (6 to 7-mu m) laser radiation in a liquid environment using infrared-transmitting optical fibers SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser radiation; fiber optics ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; ERBIUM-YAG LASER; NERVE SHEATH FENESTRATION; TISSUE ABLATION; VITREORETINAL SURGERY; PULSE DURATION; BEAM DELIVERY; WAVE-GUIDES; FEL; PERFORMANCE AB Ablation at wavelengths near lambda = 6.45 mum results in tissue ablation with minimal collateral damage (<40 mum) yet yields a high ablation rate that is useful for human surgery. However, delivery of this wavelength has been limited to that in air and thus to applications in which the target tissue can be readily exposed. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential of a pulsed infrared laser at lambda = 6.45 mum for noncontact ablation in a liquid environment. To this end we investigated fiber delivery in combination with the use of infrared transparent liquids. Transmission characteristics and damage thresholds for two types of fiber materials (silver halide and arsenic sulfide), for high-power pulsed laser radiation were determined using the Mark III free electron laser. Both fibers had comparable bulk losses (0.54 dB/m and 0.62 dB/m, respectively) while the arsenic sulfide fibers showed more coupling losses (37 versus 27%). Damage thresholds were higher in arsenic sulfide fibers than in silver halide fibers (1.12 GW/cm(2) versus 0.54 GW/cm(2)), but both fibers were sufficient to deliver radiant exposures well above the ablation threshold in tissue. Seven different perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs), known for their transparency at lambda = 2.94 mum, were investigated and their optical transmission was determined using Fourier transform infrared and direct Beer's law measurements. All of the PFCLs tested had similar values for an absorption coefficient mu(a) at a given wavelength (mu(a) = 0.05 mm(-1) at lambda = 2.94 mum and mu(a) similar to3 mm(-1) at lambda = 6.45 mum). Pump-probe imaging showed the ablation sequence (lambda = 6.45 mum) at the fiber tip in a water environment, which revealed a fast expanding and collapsing bubble. In contrast, the volatile PF-5060 showed no fast bubble expansion and collapse, but rather formation of nontransient gas bubbles. Perfluorodecalin did not show any bubble formation at the radiant exposures used. it was shown that using the lambda = 6.45 mum wavelength delivered via fiber optics in combination with perfluorodecalin allows a noncontact laser surgical procedure. Deeper structures, however, are effectively shielded because the radiant exposure of the beam will fall below the ablation threshold owing to the absorption by perfluorodecalin. This may optimize the efficacy and safety of laser-based vitreoretinal surgery. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Mackanos, MA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Jansen, E. Duco/B-1894-2013 NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 4 BP 583 EP 593 DI 10.1117/1.1606460 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 739LV UT WOS:000186348800002 PM 14563195 ER PT J AU Karle, I Gilardi, RD Rao, CC Muraleedharan, KM Ranganthan, S AF Karle, I Gilardi, RD Rao, CC Muraleedharan, KM Ranganthan, S TI Unique assemblies of alternating positively and negatively charged layers, directed by hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and pi-stacking in the crystal structures of complexes between mellitic acid (benzenehexacarboxylic acid) and five planar aromatic bases SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE charged layers; pi-stacking; extended sheets; ionic interactions; mellitic acid complexes ID CLATHRIN; TCNQ AB Benzenehexacarboxylic acid, mellitic acid ( MA), has been used as a core motif to study possible radial self-assembly using complementary aromatic bases. By mixing water solutions of the components, crystals of the salts of MA with 4-aminopyridine (AP), 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DM), 2,2'-bipyridine (DP), o-phenanthroline (PL), and melamine (ML) have been obtained. The MA(-n) ions have assembled in either extended sheets for MA(-2) or extended ribbons for MA(-4) by direct hydrogen bonding between MA and MA and additionally through mediation of hydrogen bonds to water molecules that distribute the negative charges throughout the MA sheet or ribbon. Most of the O atoms in carboxyl groups in the MA ions in the five complexes have been rotated significantly out of the plane of the central benzene ring. There are multiple base molecules, two or four, for each mellitic acid ion in the five complexes. Most of the NH+ moieties in all five bases make direct NH+ ... O-C hydrogen bonds with MA(-n). The planar base ions are generally arranged in stacks in which the components range from being parallel, with interplanar separations of 3.5 Angstrom, to having a considerable tilt with respect to each other with nearest interplanar separation of atoms greater than 3.9 Angstrom. These geometric characteristics are reflected in the color of the crystals. The three-dimensional networking makes some of the crystals very hard. Cell dimensions: 1, C32H30N8O12 . 2H(2)O, C2/c, a = 13.764(2) Angstrom, b = 18.053(3) Angstrom, c = 14.876(4) degrees, beta = 105.99(2)degrees; 2, C26H26N4O12 . 3H(2)O, P2(1)/n, a = 15.891(1) Angstrom, b = 10.444(1) Angstrom, c = 18.242(1) Angstrom, beta = 97.00(1); 3, C64H44N8O24 (.)7H2O, P2(1)/c, a = 23.016(4) Angstrom, b = 15.241(2) Angstrom, c = 19.124(2) Angstrom, beta = 100.60(1)degrees; 4, C36H22N4O12, P2(1)/n, a = 14.581(1) Angstrom, b = 10.472(1) Angstrom, c = 20.607(2) Angstrom beta = 106.43(1); 5, C18H18N12O12 . 2H(2)O, P(1) over bar, a = 8.257(2) Angstrom, b = 8.986(2) Angstrom, c = 9.383(1) Angstrom, alpha = 98.60(1)degrees, beta = 96.38(2)degrees, gamma = 117.07(1)degrees. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 33 IS 10 BP 727 EP 749 DI 10.1023/A:1026151222486 PG 23 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 732TW UT WOS:000185962500002 ER PT J AU Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Smith, TC Hawksworth, AW Ryan, MAK Gray, GC AF Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Smith, TC Hawksworth, AW Ryan, MAK Gray, GC TI National department of defense surveillance data for antibiotic resistance and emm gene types of clinical group A streptococcal isolates from eight basic training military sites SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; M-PROTEIN; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; PYOGENES; PHARYNGITIS; PROPHYLAXIS AB Antibiotic resistance and emm gene types were examined from 692 Group A streptococci isolates from eight United States military basic training sites between 1998 and 2001. Macrolide resistance was associated with geographic sites and emm type. These data are useful for vaccine development initiatives and antimicrobial treatment considerations. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dep Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dep Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4808 EP 4811 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4808-4811.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900055 PM 14532227 ER PT J AU Rao, MR Abu-Elyazeed, R Savarino, SJ Naficy, AB Wierzba, TF Abdel-Messih, I Shaheen, H Frenck, RW Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD AF Rao, MR Abu-Elyazeed, R Savarino, SJ Naficy, AB Wierzba, TF Abdel-Messih, I Shaheen, H Frenck, RW Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD TI High disease burden of diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among rural Egyptian infants and young children SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COHORT; ANTIBODIES; TOXIN; MILK AB The incidence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea among Egyptian children was 1.5 episodes per child per year and accounted for 66% of all first episodes of diarrhea after birth. The incidence increased from 1.7 episodes per child per year in the first 6 months of life to 2.3 in the second 6 months and declined thereafter. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Rao, MR (reprint author), NIAID, PIPB, NIH, 6610 Rockledge Dr,Room 5044, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 16 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 4862 EP 4864 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4862-4864.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 732CH UT WOS:000185922900072 PM 14532244 ER PT J AU Park, C Dutta, I Peterson, KA Vella, J AF Park, C Dutta, I Peterson, KA Vella, J TI Deformation and interfacial sliding in back-end interconnect structures in microelectronic devices SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Processes for Submicron Technologies III CY MAR 03, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE copper interconnects; low-K dielectric; deformation; interfacial sliding; thermal cycling ID HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTS; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; CU THIN-FILM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COPPER-FILMS; STRESS; CREEP; AL AB Deformation of interconnect structures at the back-end of microelectronic devices during processing or service can have a pronounced effect on component reliability. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study plastic deformation and interfacial sliding of Cu interconnects on Si. The behavior of both standalone Cu lines and lines embedded in a low-K dielectric (LKD) was studied. Following thermal cycling, changes were observed in the in-plane (IP) Cu line dimensions, as well as the out-of-plane (OOP) step height between Cu and the dielectric in single-layer structures. These were attributed to differential deformation of the Cu/Si and Cu/dielectric material pairs caused by thermal expansion mismatch, accommodated by interfacial creep. These results are discussed in light of previous work on the mechanism of interfacial creep. A simple shear-lag-based model, which may be used to estimate the extent of interfacial sliding, is proposed. Some experimental results on the distortion of Cu lines caused by package-level stresses following thermal cycling are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Motorola Inc, Proc & Mat Characterizat Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1059 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0089-z PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 734VJ UT WOS:000186078400012 ER PT J AU Sabins, RA Johnson, JD Helistein, JW AF Sabins, RA Johnson, JD Helistein, JW TI A comparison of the cleaning efficacy of short-term sonic and ultrasonic passive irrigation after hand instrumentation in molar root canals SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; STEP-BACK TECHNIQUE; INVITRO; DEBRIDEMENT; FILES AB A total of 100 maxillary molar canals were hand instrumented to a master apical file size #35 and flared to a size #60 file. The canals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 each. Group 1 received no further treatment. Groups 2 and 3 received passive sonic irrigation for 30 and 60 s, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 received passive ultrasonic irrigation for 30 and 60 s, respectively. The roots were split longitudinally and photographed with a digital camera. The apical portion of the root was magnified to 100x. A debris score was calculated for the apical 3 and 6 mm. The debris score was calculated as a percentage of the total area of the canal that contained debris as determined by pixels in Adobe Photoshop 5.0. Passive sonic or ultrasonic irrigation, for as little as 30 s, resulted in significantly cleaner canals than hand filing alone. Ultrasonic passive irrigation produced significantly cleaner canals than passive sonic irrigation, when sonic and ultrasonic passive irrigation were compared with only each other. C1 USN, Endodont Dept, Sch Postgrad Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr,Adv Specialty Educ Program En, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), USN, Endodont Dept, Sch Postgrad Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr,Adv Specialty Educ Program En, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 29 IS 10 BP 674 EP 678 DI 10.1097/00004770-200310000-00016 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 730FJ UT WOS:000185818300016 PM 14606795 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Shubin, YS Ligler, FS AF Shriver-Lake, LC Shubin, YS Ligler, FS TI Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in spiked food samples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ARRAY IMMUNOSENSOR; BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; ANALYTES; SENSOR AB Contamination of food with infectious agents, intentional or not, is a global concern with far-reaching economic and social impact. Staphylococcal enterotoxins are a major cause of food poisoning, but most methods for the identification of these agents in food require extensive pretreatment or concentration of the sample prior to analysis. The array biosensor was developed as a portable device for the simultaneous analysis of multiple complex samples for multiple targets with minimal sample preparation. In this study, we use an array biosensor to expand and improve on a staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) assay with the ultimate intent of incorporating testing for SEB into a battery of sensitive and convenient assays for food safety validation. In addition to buffer studies, six different types of food samples, including beverages, homogenates of fruit and meat, and carcass washings, were spiked with SEB, incubated for at least 2 h to permit antigen sequestration, and assayed. For all samples, there were differences in fluorescence intensity, but 0.5 ng of SEB per ml could be detected in <20 min with little if any pretreatment and no sample preconcentration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1851 EP 1856 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 730GT UT WOS:000185821500016 PM 14572223 ER PT J AU Morey, SL Martin, PJ O'Brien, JJ Wallcraft, AA Zavala-Hidalgo, J AF Morey, SL Martin, PJ O'Brien, JJ Wallcraft, AA Zavala-Hidalgo, J TI Export pathways for river discharged fresh water in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE cross-shelf transport; fresh water; Gulf of Mexico ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LOOP CURRENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CARIBBEAN SEA; EASTERN GULF; CIRCULATION; TURBULENCE; FREQUENCY; STRATIFICATION AB [1] A numerical simulation of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is used to identify the pathways by which fresh water discharged by major rivers in the northern Gulf is exported away from the region. The NCOM, a new primitive equation ocean model with a hybrid sigma/geopotential level vertical coordinate, is described along with its application to the GoM region. Trajectories from surface drifters are analyzed to show evidence of the seasonally shifting alongshore and cross-shelf transport in the region. The model results are used to determine the preferred locations and times of year for cross-shelf and along-shelf export of low-salinity water from the northern GoM. The annual cycle of local wind stress plays an important role in shifting the export pathway of the fresh water discharged from the major rivers (primarily the Mississippi River) toward the east in the spring/summer, where it can be transported offshore by the currents associated with deep ocean mesoscale eddies, and toward the west in the fall/winter, where it is transported southward along the Mexican coastline as a coastally trapped current. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Morey, SL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Zavala-Hidalgo, Jorge/H-3185-2011 NR 49 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C10 AR 3303 DI 10.1029/2002JC001674 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 731NT UT WOS:000185892600001 ER PT J AU Barlow, JG AF Barlow, JG TI The archaeologist was a spy: Sylvanus G. Morley and the office of naval intelligence. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Barlow, JG (reprint author), USN Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1311 EP 1312 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0272 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 726YD UT WOS:000185628400044 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Reintjes, J Bashkansky, M Opatrny, T Scully, MO AF Beadie, G Reintjes, J Bashkansky, M Opatrny, T Scully, MO TI Towards a FAST-CARS anthrax detector: CARS generation in a DPA surrogate molecule SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-SPORES; DYNAMICS AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) has been investigated as a detection method for the identification of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a marker molecule for bacterial spores of anthrax. The laser dye molecule DCM was used as a surrogate molecule for DPA. In preliminary experiments, a molecular sensitivity was achieved in DCM that is projected to be sufficient to detect the DPA in bacterial spore clumps as small as 5.5 mum in diameter, small enough to be of interest in practical detection scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5614,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD OCT-NOV PY 2003 VL 50 IS 15-17 BP 2361 EP 2368 DI 10.1080/0950034032000120812 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 735LU UT WOS:000186116200006 ER PT J AU Sica, L AF Sica, L TI Bell's inequality violation due to misidentification of spatially non-stationary random processes SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LOOPHOLE AB Correlations for the Bell gedankenexperiment are constructed using probabilities given by quantum mechanics, and non-local information. They satisfy Bell's inequality and exhibit spatial non-stationarity in angle. Correlations for three successive local spin measurements on one particle are computed as well. These correlations also exhibit non-stationarity, and satisfy the Bell inequality. In both cases, the mistaken assumption that the underlying process is wide-sense-stationary in angle results in violation of Bell's inequality. These results directly challenge the wide-spread belief that violation of Bell's inequality is a decisive test for non-locality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sica, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5630, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD OCT-NOV PY 2003 VL 50 IS 15-17 BP 2465 EP 2474 DI 10.1080/0950034032000120858 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 735LU UT WOS:000186116200016 ER PT J AU Batteen, ML Cipriano, NJ Monroe, JT AF Batteen, ML Cipriano, NJ Monroe, JT TI A large-scale seasonal modeling study of the California Current System SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current; eastern boundary currents; numerical modeling; ocean modeling; coastal circulation; mesoscale eddies ID COASTAL TRANSITION ZONE; WIND-STRESS; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; EDDIES; DRIFTERS; MEANDERS; FILAMENT; CYCLE AB A high-resolution, multi-level, primitive equation ocean model has been used to investigate the combined role of seasonal wind forcing, seasonal thermohaline gradients, and coastline irregularities on the formation of currents, meanders, eddies, and filaments in the entire California Current System (CCS) region, from Baja to the Washington-Canada border. Additional objectives are to further characterize the meandering jet south of Cape Blanco and the seasonal variability off Baja. Model results show the following: All of the major currents of the CCS (i.e., the California Current, the California Undercurrent, the Davidson Current, the Southern California Countercurrent, and the Southern California Eddy) as well as filaments, meanders and eddies are generated. The results are consistent with the generation of eddies from instabilities of the southward current and northward undercurrent via barotropic and baroclinic instability processes. The meandering southward jet, which divides coastally-influenced water from water of offshore origin, is a continuous feature in the CCS, and covers an alongshore distance of over 2000 km from south of Cape Blanco to Baja. Off Baja, the southward jet strengthens (weakens) during spring and summer (fall and winter). The area off southern Baja is a highly dynamic environment for meanders, filaments, and eddies, while the region off Point Eugenia, which represents the largest coastline perturbation along the Baja peninsula, is shown to be a persistent cyclonic eddy generation region. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Batteen, ML (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 59 IS 5 BP 545 EP 562 DI 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000009585.24051.cc PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 714XN UT WOS:000184939700002 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Oates, DE AF Agassi, D Oates, DE TI Nonlinear surface reactance of a superconductor strip SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on High Temperature Superconductors in High Frequency Fields CY JUN 09-12, 2002 CL WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS DE microwave nonlinearity; surface reactance; penetration depth ID MUTUAL INDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; IMPURITY ATOMS; THIN-FILMS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; IMPEDANCE; INTERMODULATION; GENERATION; DEPENDENCE AB The nonlinear reactive response of a thin superconductor strip at microwave frequencies is analyzed in terms of two mechanisms intrinsic to a superconductor: the response of the condensate state in the presence of an electromagnetic transversal field and the Lorentz-force effect. These are qualitatively and quantitatively distinct mechanisms. The former is a quantum effect, at work at the strip midsection where the current density is approximately constant, while the latter is a classical effect associated with the large current gradients at the strip edges. The lowest nonlinear term in the penetration depth is calculated for both mechanisms in the static limit and for an s-wave superconductor. The result associated with the condensate state response mechanism compares well with recent high-quality YBCO-film data, particularly at elevated temperatures. On the other hand the Lorentz force nonlinearity mechanism yields a negligible contribution for a wide thin film. We conclude with a brief discussion of this work in perspective to related work. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 SI SI BP 905 EP 911 DI 10.1023/A:1026271422199 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 734QK UT WOS:000186067900015 ER PT J AU Sperry, BJ McDonald, BE Baggeroer, AB AF Sperry, BJ McDonald, BE Baggeroer, AB TI Consistency and accuracy of perturbative inversion methods for group travel time data SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; MODES; WATER AB Perturbation theory for ocean acoustic modal group speed responses to small environmental changes is investigated with regard to its applicability to ocean acoustic tomography. Assuming adiabaticity, the inverse problem for each vertical eigenmode is an integral equation whose kernel involves the eigenfunction and its frequency derivative. A proof is given for the equivalence of two dissimilar forms of the integral equation. Numerical examples are given for the inversion kernel for four types of sound-speed profiles, and then the parameter range (amplitude and scale size) in which perturbation theory is accurate is examined. It is found that the range of validity is determined not only by the amplitude of the perturbations, but also by their vertical scale size. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ocean Sci Grp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Ocean Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sperry, BJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ocean Sci Grp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1851 EP 1860 DI 10.1121/1.1605953 PN 1 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 733GU UT WOS:000185992200013 PM 14587586 ER PT J AU Pugh, KG Kiely, DK Milberg, WP Lipsitz, LA AF Pugh, KG Kiely, DK Milberg, WP Lipsitz, LA TI Selective impairment of frontal-executive cognitive function in African Americans with cardiovascular risk factors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE African American; cardiovascular; memory; executive function ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TEST-PERFORMANCE; OLDER WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; DECLINE; MEN; HYPERTENSION; PREVENTION; DEMENTIA AB OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a summary cardiovascular risk score is associated with an increased risk of frontal-executive cognitive impairment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Subjects were recruited from senior centers, senior housing complexes, and communities in the Boston metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-three predominantly female elderly African Americans. MEASUREMENTS: Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed during an interview and clinical examination. For each subject, the total number of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors was summed to compute a CV risk score. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered that examined memory, visuospatial abilities, and frontal-executive functions. Cognitive test scores were transformed into domain-specific (memory, visuospatial, frontal-executive) composite z scores. Cognitive impairment for each composite z score was defined as performance less than the median for the study group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the CV risk score and the risk for cognitive impairment in the three cognitive domains of interest. RESULTS: After controlling for age and education, the CV risk score was associated only with frontal-executive cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-5.65). The CV risk score was not associated with the risk of memory (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.64-2.67) or visuospatial impairment (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.66-3.36). Greater CV risk scores were associated with an increased likelihood of having frontal-executive cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: CV risk factors may exert a specific deleterious effect on frontal-executive cognitive abilities as opposed to memory or visuospatial functions. Associated executive dysfunction may compromise the ability of patients with CV risk factors to comply with recommendations for risk reduction. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA USA. USN, Naval Sch Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Brockton W Roxbury Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Geriatr Neuropsychol Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA. RP Pugh, KG (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM kgpugh@bethesda.med.navy.mil FU NIA NIH HHS [P60 AG008812-11A10002, AG04390, AG05134, AG08812, P01 AG004390, P50 AG005134, P60 AG008812, P60 AG008812-10, P60 AG008812-120002] NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1439 EP 1444 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51463.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 725GR UT WOS:000185535900014 PM 14511165 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, RJ TI Passive flow control on low-pressure turbine airfoils SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID TRANSITION; TURBULENCE; BLADE; PROFILES; JETS AB Two-dimensional rectangular bars have been used in an experimental study to control boundary layer transition and reattachment under low-pressure turbine conditions. Cases with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 25,000 to 300,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) have been considered at low (0.5%) and high (8.5% inlet) free-stream turbulence levels. Three different bars were considered, with heights ranging from 0.2% to 0.7% of suction surface length. Mean and fluctuating velocity and intermittency profiles are presented and compared to results of baseline cases from a previous study. Bar performance depends on the bar height and the location of the bar trailing edge. Bars located near the suction surface velocity maximum are most effective. Large bars trip the boundary layer to turbulent and prevent separation, but create unnecessarily high losses. Somewhat smaller bars had no immediate detectable effect on the boundary layer, but introduced small disturbances that caused transition and reattachment to move upstream from their locations in the corresponding baseline case. The smaller bars were effective under both high and low free-stream turbulence conditions, indicating that the high free-stream turbulence transition is not simply a bypass transition induced by the free stream. Losses appear to be minimized when a small separation bubble is present, so long as reattachment begins far enough upstream for the boundary layer to recover from the separation. Correlations for determining optimal bar height are presented. The bars appear to provide a simple and effective means of passive flow control. Bars that are large enough to induce reattachment at low Re, however, cause higher losses at the highest Re. Some compromise would, therefore, be needed when choosing a bar height for best overall performance. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 754 EP 764 DI 10.1115/1.1626685 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 756AM UT WOS:000187443700016 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, RJ TI Separation control on low-pressure turbine airfoils using synthetic vortex generator jets SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW TRANSITION; PROFILES; REGION AB Oscillating vortex generator jets have been used to control boundary layer separation from the suction side of a low-pressure turbine airfoil. A low Reynolds number (Re=25,000) case with low free-stream turbulence has been investigated with detailed measurements including profiles of mean and fluctuating velocity and turbulent shear stress. Ensemble averaged profiles are computed for times within the jet pulsing cycle, and integral parameters and local skin friction coefficients are computed from these profiles. The jets are injected into the mainflow at a compound angle through a spanwise row of holes in the suction surface. Preliminary tests showed that the jets were effective over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. Detailed tests were conducted with a maximum blowing ratio of 4.7 and a dimensionless oscillation frequency of 0.65. The outward pulse front the jets in each oscillation cycle causes a disturbance to move down the airfoil surface. The leading and trailing edge celerities for the disturbance match those expected for a turbulent spot. The disturbance is followed by a calmed region. Following the calmed region, the boundary layer does separate, but the separation bubble remains very thin. Results are compared to an uncontrolled baseline case in which the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, and a case controlled passively with a rectangular bar on the suction surface. The comparison indicates that losses will be substantially lower with the jets than in the baseline or passively controlled cases. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 35 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 765 EP 777 DI 10.1115/1.1626686 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 756AM UT WOS:000187443700017 ER PT J AU Woo, JC Varma, SK Mahapatra, RN AF Woo, JC Varma, SK Mahapatra, RN TI Oxidation behavior and transmission electron microscope characterization of Ti-44Al-xNb-2(Ta,Zr) alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Structural Intermetallics CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION; TI-AL; AIR; 650-DEGREES-C; TI-22AL-25NB; NB AB Quaternary additions of 2 at. pct of Ta or Zr were made to the ternary Ti-44Al-xNb (X = 9 and 11) alloys to study the oxidation behavior at 900 degreesC, 950 degreesC, and 1000 degreesC for a period of 1 week. The Ta addition improves the oxidation resistance, while it is degraded by Zr compared to the ternary alloys. Identification of the oxides formed in the scale has been characterized by energy-dispersive atomic X-ray (EDAX) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the microstructures developed during oxidation has been compared with Ti-44Al-xNb alloys in order to determine the influence of quaternary additions of Ta and Zr on the phase transformations taking place during the extended period of heating. The formation of spotty a, in the isolated gamma grains appears to be associated with the inferior oxidation resistance of xNb2Zr alloys. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Woo, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 34A IS 10 BP 2263 EP 2271 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0290-y PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 728PK UT WOS:000185725400023 ER PT J AU Zhang, CP Liu, D Mathews, SA Graves, J Schaefer, TM Gilbert, BK Modi, R Wu, HD Chrisey, DB AF Zhang, CP Liu, D Mathews, SA Graves, J Schaefer, TM Gilbert, BK Modi, R Wu, HD Chrisey, DB TI Laser direct-write and its application in low temperature Co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser direct-write; low temperature Co-fired ceramic (LTCC); multilayer; band pass filter ID METAL-DEPOSITION AB Seeking better efficiency and faster turn-around in microelectronics manufacturing, a maskless laser direct-write process has been developed and applied to fabricate practical devices. The process uses a short pulse UV laser to transfer material from a source layer, or "ribbon", to a substrate. Patterning is achieved by scanning the laser beam, translating the receiving substrate, or both. No wet chemistry is required. This technique has a minimum resolution of 10 mum. Using low temperature Co-fired ceramic materials and the laser direct-write process, a multi-layer laminated band pass filter was fabricated. The inductors, resistors, and capacitors were fabricated on separate layers. The connections between the layers were made through interlayer vias. Test results show fully functional band pass filters with center frequency around 1.15 GHz. Simulation results are also discussed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Potomac Photon Inc, MICE Grp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), Potomac Photon Inc, MICE Grp, 4445 Nicole Dr, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 70 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(03)00389-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 733DP UT WOS:000185984900007 ER PT J AU Swanson, NA Burroughs, CC Long, MA Lee, RW AF Swanson, NA Burroughs, CC Long, MA Lee, RW TI Controlled trial for smoking cessation in a navy shipboard population using nicotine patch, sustained-release buproprion, or both SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NPACE Orlando National Primary Care Conference CY APR 30, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP NPACE ID FAGERSTROM TOLERANCE QUESTIONNAIRE; DEPENDENCE; BUPROPION; METAANALYSIS; RELIABILITY; SMOKERS AB This study reports an experimental, randomized controlled clinical trial comparing three treatments for smoking cessation: sustained-release bupropion, nicotine patch, and combination nicotine and bupropion, to a counseling-only control group (N = 140), for smoking sailors aboard seven Navy ships. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of different pharmcotherapies used in smoking cessation programs. Continuous abstinence was defined as the percentage of subjects who did not smoke since the quit date assessed at 6 and 12 months and having an expired carbon monoxide concentration of <10 ppm at educational sessions 2, 3, and 4. Nine subjects dropped out of the study, and 40 subjects were lost to follow-up. Eleven percent (15/140 subjects) had continuous abstinence at 12 months. The abstinence rates at 12 months were 47% in the control group, as compared with 27% in the nicotine patch/bupropion group, 20% in the nicotine patch group, and 7% in the bupropion group. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Family Practice clin NH, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Air Stn Ft Worth, Branch Med Clin, Ft Worth, TX 76116 USA. RP Swanson, NA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 168 IS 10 BP 830 EP 834 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LL UT WOS:000186403800016 PM 14620649 ER PT J AU Goon, S Kelly, JF Logan, SM Ewing, CP Guerry, P AF Goon, S Kelly, JF Logan, SM Ewing, CP Guerry, P TI Pseudaminic acid, the major modification on Campylobacter flagellin, is synthesized via the Cj1293 gene SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; JEJUNI; GLYCOSYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; MOTILITY; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB Flagellins from Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 and Campylobacter coli VC167 are heavily glycosylated. The major modifications on both flagellins are pseudaminic acid (Pse5Ac7Ac), a nine carbon sugar that is similar to sialic acid, and an acetamidino-substituted analogue of pseudaminic acid (PseAm). Previous data have indicated that PseAm is synthesized via Pse5Ac7Ac in C. jejuni 81-176, but that the two sugars are synthesized using independent pathways in C. coli VC167. The Cj1293 gene of C. jejuni encodes a putative UDP-GlcNAc C-6-dehydratase/C-4-reductase that is similar to a protein required for glycosylation of Caulobacter crescentus flagellin. The Cj1293 gene is expressed either under the control of a sigma(54) promoter that overlaps the coding region of Cj1292 or as a polycistronic message under the control of a sigma(70) promoter upstream of Cj1292. A mutant in gene Cj1293 in C. jejuni 81-176 was non-motile and non-flagellated and accumulated unglycosylated flagellin intracellularly. This mutant was complemented in trans with the homologous C. jejuni gene, as well as the Helicobacter pylori homologue, HP0840, which has been shown to encode a protein with UDP-GlcNAc C-6-dehydratase/C-4-reductase activity. Mutation of Cj1293 in C. coli VC167 resulted in a fully motile strain that synthesized a flagella filament composed of flagellin in which Pse5Ac7Ac was replaced by PseAm. The filament from the C. coli Cj1293 mutant displayed increased solubility in SDS compared with the wild-type filament. A double mutant in C. coli VC167, defective in both Cj1293 and ptmD, encoding part of the independent PseAm pathway, was also non-motile and non-flagellated and accumulated unglycosylated flagellin intracellularly. Collectively, the data indicate that Cj1293 is essential for Pse5Ac7Ac biosynthesis from UDP-GlcNAc, and that glycosylation is required for flagella biogenesis in campylobacters. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R62, Canada. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01 AI 43559] NR 39 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 659 EP 671 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03725.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 732TF UT WOS:000185961100024 PM 14617187 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT Erwin, SC Petrou, A Petukhov, AG AF Jonker, BT Erwin, SC Petrou, A Petukhov, AG TI Electrical spin injection and transport in semiconductor spintronic devices SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic; materials; semiconductors; spin injection; spin-polarized materials; spintronics ID LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; QUANTUM-WELLS; INTERFACE; BARRIER; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE; VALVE; HETEROSTRUCTURE AB Semiconductor heterostructures that utilize carrier spin as a new degree of freedom offer entirely new functionality and enhanced performance over conventional devices. We describe the essential requirements for implementing this technology, focusing on the materials and interface issues relevant to electrical spin injection into a semiconductor. These are discussed and illustrated in the context of several prototype semiconductor spintronic devices, including spin-polarized light-emitting diodes and resonant tunneling structures such as the resonant interband tunneling diode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6340-2,4555 Overlook Ave SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil; erwin@dave.nl.navy.mil; petrou@acsu.buffalo.edu; andre@pdessa.phy.sdsmt.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 90 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 28 IS 10 BP 740 EP 748 DI 10.1557/mrs2003.216 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 732NX UT WOS:000185953400009 ER PT J AU Wallace, JM Rice, JK Pietron, JJ Stroud, RM Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Wallace, JM Rice, JK Pietron, JJ Stroud, RM Long, JW Rolison, DR TI Silica nanoarchitectures incorporating self-organized protein superstructures with gas-phase bioactivity SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL ENCAPSULATION; CYTOCHROME-C; FERRICYTOCHROME-C; AEROGELS; BIOSENSORS; PEROXIDASE; SURFACE; MEDIA; GOLD AB We have encapsulated self-organized protein superstructures containing cytochrome c into a mesoporous silica-based nanoarchitecture. The protein superstructure, nucleated by colloidal gold in buffered medium and nanoglued with silica sol, remains intact upon supercritical drying of the wet composite gel and exhibits rapid gas-phase recognition of NO. We posit that specific adsorption of the heme edge at nanoparticulate Au creates a high radius-of-curvature nanoscale hybrid that induces protein-protein self-directed assembly. We also have evidence that an outer "skin" of protein is damaged upon experiencing the chemical and physical denaturants necessary to create an aerogel but that this sacrificial layer shields the proteins within the superstructure. Transmission electron microscopy verifies that objects on the order of 10(2) nm are present in the biocomposite silica aerogel. The temperature-pressure stability exhibited by the protein in the biocomposite nanoarchitecture may provide an experimental, sea-level analogy to prebiotic hypotheses, which propose that cellular evolution occurred in hydrothermal vents within porous minerals that stabilized precellular progenitors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem & Surface Modificat Branches, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem & Surface Modificat Branches, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 23 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1463 EP 1467 DI 10.1021/nl034646b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 731AZ UT WOS:000185863500029 ER PT J AU Gursky, H AF Gursky, H TI The emergence of X-ray astronomy, neutron stars and black holes SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th ICRA Network Workshop CY JUL, 2002 CL Rome, ITALY SP ICRA ID CRAB-NEBULA; CENTAURUS X-3; UHURU; PULSATIONS AB Remo Ruffini's professional career began just as X-ray astronomy began its second decade. His paper on the maximum mass of cold stars was instrumental in establishing Cygnus X-1 as a black hole. The idea of black holes and neutron stars had originated more than 40 years earlier based on considerations of white dwarfs. It was not until the explosion of technology that emerged after World War II that the observational evidence developed which enabled establishing the existence of these objects. The discovery of X-ray sources in 1962 and the subsequent maturing of that discipline and of radio astronomy were the key elements. By now a large number of stellar objects are found to be neutron stars and black holes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gursky, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hgursky@ssds.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 118 IS 10-12 BP 999 EP 1006 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2004-10028-7 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 859DT UT WOS:000224243500005 ER PT J AU Gubser, DU AF Gubser, DU TI Superconducting motors and generators for naval applications SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2002) CY NOV 11-13, 2002 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN DE superconductivity; motors; generators; ships AB The US Navy is planning for a transition to electric warships as future ship combatants. Superconducting motors for propulsion and superconducting generators for power conversion are under active development (motors) or strong consideration (generators). This article describes the fundamentals of motor technology, as it applies to the Navy, how superconductivity leads to advantages in power density and quietness, and how the technology issues faced in the development of full scale naval motors are being addressed. Finally, the status of the naval superconducting propulsion power projects will be presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gubser, DU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT PY 2003 VL 392 BP 1192 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01124-9 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 726PG UT WOS:000185607600077 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Mazin, II AF Erwin, SC Mazin, II TI Toward one-band superconductivity in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALS AB The two-gap model for superconductivity in MgB2 predicts that interband impurity scattering should be pair breaking, reducing the critical temperature. This is perhaps the only prediction of the model that has not been confirmed experimentally. It was previously shown theoretically that common substitutional impurities lead to negligible interband scattering-if the lattice is assumed not to distort. Here we report theoretical results showing that certain impurities can indeed produce lattice distortions sufficiently large to create measurable interband scattering. On this basis, we predict that isoelectronic codoping with Al and Na will provide a decisive test of the two-gap model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 12 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 13 AR 132505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.132505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 740VN UT WOS:000186422400024 ER PT J AU Baytch, N Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Shashidhar, R AF Baytch, N Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Shashidhar, R TI Simulations of helix unwinding in ferroelectric liquid crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; POLARIZATION; BOOKSHELF; TEXTURE; PHASE; CELLS AB In bulk ferroelectric liquid crystals, the molecular director twists in a helix. In narrow cells, this helix can be unwound by an applied electric field or by boundary effects. To describe helix unwinding as a function of both electric field and boundary effects, we develop a mesoscale simulation model based on a continuum free energy discretized on a two-dimensional lattice. In these simulations, we determine both the director profile across the cell and the net electrostatic polarization. By varying the cell size, we show how boundary effects shift the critical field for helix unwinding and lower the saturation polarization. Our results are consistent with experimental data. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baytch, N (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 041702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.041702 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 743JR UT WOS:000186569100043 PM 14682956 ER PT J AU Given, JA Hwang, CO AF Given, JA Hwang, CO TI Edge distribution method for solving elliptic boundary value problems with boundary singularities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; ELEMENT METHOD; MONTE-CARLO; SIMULATION; DIRICHLET; EQUATION; CHARGE; CORNER; MEDIA AB Elliptic boundary value problems are difficult to treat in the vicinity of singularities, i.e., edges and corners, of the boundary. The concentration of electrical charge on the edges and corners of a conductor is perhaps the simplest example of such problems. Here we provide a rapid method for accurate treatment of these problems. It utilizes a Green's-function-based implementation of last-passage Monte Carlo diffusion methods. This is combined with a diffusion algorithm for the scaling of solutions to the Laplace equation near a corner singularity to yield the solution of a benchmark problem: the charge distribution near the edge and corner of a conducting cube. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inha Univ, Computat Elect Ctr, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Given, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, MS5720,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM JAGiven1370@yahoo.com; chwang@hsel.inha.ac.kr RI Hwang, Chi-Ok/E-8298-2010; OI Hwang, Chi-Ok/0000-0001-6731-1418 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 046128 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.046128 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 743KP UT WOS:000186571200037 PM 14683023 ER PT J AU Leighton, RI Smith, GB Handler, RA AF Leighton, RI Smith, GB Handler, RA TI Direct numerical simulations of free convection beneath an air-water interface at low Rayleigh numbers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-CONVECTION; PASSIVE SCALAR; GAS TRANSFER; WIND-SPEED; SKIN; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; DIFFERENCE; BOUNDARY AB Direct numerical simulations of a cooling air-water interface were employed to determine the structure of the temperature, velocity, and vorticity fields in the thin thermal boundary layer formed at the free surface. The simulations were performed at low to moderate Rayleigh numbers. In this flow, the turbulence is initiated by the Rayleigh instability at the interface and is maintained by buoyant production. Visualizations of the flow reveal that the temperature field at the interface is composed of large warm patches surrounded by cooler dense fluid which accumulates in thin bands. The cool fluid associated with the bands initially falls in sheets, but rapidly forms descending tubes and plumes. The turbulence statistics were scaled both with outer and inner variables. The latter scaling is based on the so-called surface strain model which is essentially consistent with Townsend's inner scaling. It is found that the temperature statistics collapse well using inner variables. On the other hand, the vertical velocity scales well with inner variables within the thermal boundary layer, but at greater depths it becomes more appropriate to use outer scaling. The anisotropic nature of the velocity statistics in the core of the flow is ascribed to the relatively low Rayleigh numbers used in the simulations. An explanation for this anisotropy is offered based on a detailed examination of the turbulence kinetic energy balances. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handler, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2003 VL 15 IS 10 BP 3181 EP 3193 DI 10.1063/1.1606679 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 720PB UT WOS:000185268200036 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA AF Joyce, JA TI Fracture toughness evaluation of polytetrafluoroethylene SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORMALIZATION METHOD; POLYMERS AB The objective of this preliminary work was to explore the fracture resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (DuPont tradename Teflon) as part of materials characterization work related to the development of "reactive" material projectiles. Little mechanical property data is available on this material since it is commonly used only as a coating material with the dominant properties being its low friction coefficient and high application temperature. Additional end products of the "7C" derivative. however, includes sheet, gaskets, bearing pads, piston rings, and diaphragms. In this work, standard ASTM E 1820 fracture toughness specimens were machined from a 14-mm-thick sheet of this material obtained from NSWC Dahlgren Laboratory. These specimens were tested at three test temperatures and four test rates to determine if fracture would occur in this material, and if so, how the fracture toughness depends on the test temperature and specimen loading rate. Standard axial tensile specimens were also tested at quasi-static and elevated loading rates at temperatures from ambient to -73degreesC. The major results are that while crack extension is difficult at ambient (20degreesC) temperature, for temperatures slightly below ambient, a rapid degradation of fracture resistance occurs. This reduction in fracture resistance is enhanced by rapid loading, and the material loses approximately 75% of its toughness (fracture energy absorption ability) at -18degreesC if the crack opening loading rate of the C(T) specimen approaches 0.25 m/s. Further reductions in temperature or increases in the loading rate appear to result in a reduced rate of degradation of fracture toughness. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1702 EP 1714 DI 10.1002/pen.10144 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 741ZU UT WOS:000186490900008 ER PT J AU Gibbs, NF AF Gibbs, NF TI A nonspecific rash of abrupt onset SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GIANOTTI-CROSTI-SYNDROME; PAPULAR ACRODERMATITIS; CHILDHOOD; INFECTION; VIRUS C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gibbs, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfgibbs@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 114 IS 4 BP 23 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 835UK UT WOS:000222510800003 PM 14587204 ER PT J AU Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Vogelmann, AM Quinn, PK Welton, EJ AF Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Vogelmann, AM Quinn, PK Welton, EJ TI Clear-sky infrared aerosol radiative forcing at the surface and the top of the atmosphere SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aerosol forcing; aerosol infrared forcing; climate change ID MINERAL AEROSOLS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLOUDS; APPROXIMATIONS; CALIBRATION; EXTINCTION; INSTRUMENT; SCATTERING; POLLUTION AB We study the aerosol radiative forcing at infrared (IR) wavelengths using data from the Aerosol Characterization Experiment. ACE-Asia, cruise of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research vessel Ronald H. Brown. The analyses apply to the daytime periods of clear-sky conditions for the area within the immediate vicinity of the ship. An optical model is derived from chemical measurements, lidar profiles, and visible-extinction measurements, which are used to estimate the IR aerosol optical thickness and the single-scattering albedo. The IR model results are compared to detailed Fourier transform interferometer-based IR aerosol forcing estimates, pyrgeometer-based IR downward fluxes, and to observations of the direct aerosol solar forcing. This combined approach attests to the self-consistency of the optical model, and allows us to derive quantities such as the IR forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the IR optical thickness. The mean IR aerosol optical thickness at 10 mum is 0.08 and the single-scattering albedo is 0.55. The modelled IR aerosol surface forcing reaches 10 W m(-2) during the cruise, which is a significant contribution compared to the total direct aerosol forcing. The surface IR aerosol radiative forcing is between 10 and 25% of the short-wave aerosol forcing. The IR aerosol forcing at the TOA can be up to 19% of the solar aerosol forcing. We show good agreement between TOA aerosol IR forcing derived from the model and from the CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) satellite data. Over the Sea of Japan, the average IR aerosol radiative forcing is 4.6 W m(-2) at the surface. and 1.5 W m(-2) at the TOA. The IR forcing efficiency at the TOA is a strong function of aerosol temperature (which is coupled to vertical structure) and changes between 10 and 18 W m(-2) (per IR optical depth unit), while the surface IR forcing efficiency varies between 37 and 55 W m(-2) (per IR optical depth unit). C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Flatau, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pflatau@ucsd.edu RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 129 IS 594 BP 2927 EP 2947 DI 10.1256/qj.02.224 PN A PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 741EH UT WOS:000186445400005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Rosmond, TE AF Reynolds, CA Rosmond, TE TI Nonlinear growth of singular-vector-based perturbations SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE forecast error; nonlinearities; predictability; pseudo-inverse ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; FORECAST ERRORS; MOIST PHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; FASTEX; ACCURACY AB The nonlinearity of singular-vector-based (SV based) perturbation growth is examined within the context of a global atmospheric forecast model. The characteristics of these nonlinearities and their impact on the utility of SV-based diagnostics are assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Nonlinearities are quantified by examining the symmetry of evolving positive and negative 'twin' perturbations. Perturbations initially scaled to be consistent with estimates of analysis uncertainty become significantly nonlinear by 12 h. However, the relative magnitude of the nonlinearities is a strong function of scale and metric. Small scales become nonlinear very quickly while synoptic scales can remain significantly linear out to three days. Phase differences between the positive and negative perturbation patterns relative to each other can result in significant nonlinearities even when the basic anomaly patterns are quite similar. Thus, SVs may be qualitatively useful even when nonlinearities are large. Post-time forecast corrections using SV-based pseudo-inverse perturbations show that despite significant nonlinear perturbation growth, the nonlinear forecast corrections are similar to the expected linear corrections, even at 72 h. When the nonlinear correction does differ significantly from the expected linear correction, the nonlinear correction is usually better, indicating that in some cases the pseudo-inverse correction effectively suppresses error growth outside the subspace defined by the leading (dry) SVs. Because a significant portion of the nonlinear growth occurs outside of the dry SV subspace, an a priori relative nonlinearity index based on the full perturbations is not a good predictor of when pseudo-inverse-based corrections will be ineffective. However, one can construct a reasonable predictor of pseudo-inverse ineffectiveness by considering the nonlinearities in the synoptic scales or in the SV subspace only. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 129 IS 594 BP 3059 EP 3078 DI 10.1256/qj.02.193 PN A PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 741EH UT WOS:000186445400011 ER PT J AU Zarras, P Anderson, N Webber, C Irvin, DJ Irvin, JA Guenthner, A Stenger-Smith, JD AF Zarras, P Anderson, N Webber, C Irvin, DJ Irvin, JA Guenthner, A Stenger-Smith, JD TI Progress in using conductive polymers as corrosion-inhibiting coatings SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE DE conductive polymer; synthesis; corrosion protection ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYANILINE; FILMS; STEEL; PASSIVATION; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; PROTECTION; METALS; XPS AB A general review of the chemistry and corrosion control properties of electroactive polymers will be presented. These polymers are also known as conductive polymers (CPs), and this term will be used throughout this article. This paper will focus on both the synthesis of applicable CPs used for corrosion protection in various environments and their potential benefits over common organic barrier coatings. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Zarras, P (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 65 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT-NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00189-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 729NB UT WOS:000185778900011 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ AF Pickhardt, PJ TI By-patient performance characteristics of CT colonography: Importance of polyp size threshold data SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 229 IS 1 BP 291 EP 293 DI 10.1148/radiol.2291030503 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 723GQ UT WOS:000185424900049 PM 14519885 ER PT J AU Moon, DW Lambrakos, SG Wong, RJ Metzbower, EA AF Moon, DW Lambrakos, SG Wong, RJ Metzbower, EA TI Temperature, macrostructure and hardness in high strength low alloy steel welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB A series of welds have been fabricated in high strength low alloy steel (HSLA100) plate by gas metal arc welding at heat inputs of 1(.)0,1(.)6 and 2(.)2 kJ mm(-1). Slices from the welds were then polished. and the macrostructure was observed. Hardness maps were then determined over the entire weld zone, including the heat affected zone and the base plate. Correlations were then made between the hardness maps and the macrostructure. A bead on plate weld was made using the same heat inputs and was used to determine the temperature regimes in the weld as well as thermal profiles of the weld region. Relationships showing good correlations were observed between the various microstructures, the macrostructure, the calculated thermal profiles, and the hardness values. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Weap, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Moon, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 5 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1179/136217103225005561 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 745CP UT WOS:000186671300003 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Fonda, RW Milewski, JO Mitchell, JE AF Lambrakos, SG Fonda, RW Milewski, JO Mitchell, JE TI Analysis of friction stir welds using thermocouple measurements SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; FLOW; VISUALIZATION; MODEL AB The friction stir welding process is analysed via an inverse problem approach, using experimentally obtained thermocouple information to constrain the thermal field of the model. Using this approach, the thermal field is described by a convenient parametric representation, which is constrained in a self-consistent manner according to data from the outer regions of the weld (e.g. the heat affected zone). The thermal field is scaled using thermocouple measurements acquired during friction stir welding, and is then compared with the thermocouple measurements acquired at different locations. Various aspects of this inverse problem approach relevant to its application to friction stir welds using thermocouple measurements are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 5 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1179/136217103225005624 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 745CP UT WOS:000186671300010 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Bailey, SM Peterson, WK Solomon, SC Warren, HP Eparvier, FG Garcia, H Carlson, CW McFadden, JP AF Woods, Thomas N. Bailey, Scott M. Peterson, W. K. Solomon, Stanley C. Warren, Harry P. Eparvier, Francis G. Garcia, Howard Carlson, Charles W. McFadden, James P. TI Solar extreme ultraviolet variability of the X-class flare on 21 April 2002 and the terrestrial photoelectron response SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Woods, Thomas N.; Peterson, W. K.; Eparvier, Francis G.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bailey, Scott M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Solomon, Stanley C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Garcia, Howard] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Carlson, Charles W.; McFadden, James P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu; scott.bailey@gi.alaska.edu; william.peterson@lasp.colorado.edu; stans@ucar.edu; hwarren@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; eparvier@colorado.edu; howard.a.garcia@noaa.gov; carlson@ssl.berkeley.edu; mcfadden@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 FU NASA at the University of Colorado [NAG5-11408]; NASA [NAG5-12449, NAG5-3596] FX We thank Phil Richards for his assistance in verifying the photoelectron transport to higher altitudes, as measured by the FAST instrument, using his FLIP model. We also thank Phil Richards and Giuliana de Toma for several useful comments on the manuscript. This work has been supported by NASA grant NAG5-11408 at the University of Colorado, by NASA grant NAG5-12449 to the University of Alaska, and by NASA grant NAG5-3596 to the University of California at Berkeley. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT PY 2003 VL 1 IS 1 DI 10.1029/2003SW000010 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V31CP UT WOS:000208862000007 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR MacGregor, H Giorgio, A Srey, R Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR MacGregor, H Giorgio, A Srey, R Ragno, G TI Comparison of radioisotope methods and a nonradioisotope method to measure the RBC volume and RBC survival in the baboon SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID LABELED RED-CELLS; 40-PERCENT WT/VOL GLYCEROL; IN-VIVO; BLOOD-CELLS; BIOTINYLATED ERYTHROCYTES; TRANSFUSION MEDICINE; LIQUID PRESERVATION; PEN110 CHEMISTRY; VIABILITY; 24-HOUR AB BACKGROUND: RBC volume, 24-hour posttransfusion survival, and life span can be measured with radioisotopes and nonradioactive procedures. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC volume was measured directly with autologous baboon RBCs labeled with biotin-X-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Cr-51, Tc-99m, and In-111-oxine and indirectly from the I-125 plasma volume and the total body Hct. Twenty-four-hour posttransfusion survival and life span were measured in autologous fresh baboon RBCs labeled with Cr-51, In-111-oxine, Tc-99m, and biotin-X-NHS. RESULTS: Significantly larger RBC volumes were observed when the fresh autologous RBCs were labeled with Cr-51, In-111-oxine, or Tc-99m than when they were labeled with the nonradioactive biotin-X-NHS. Twenty-four-hour posttransfusion survival values were significantly lower in the RBCs labeled with In-111-oxine or Tc-99m than in the RBCs labeled with Cr-51. CONCLUSIONS: The greater in vivo elution of Cr-51, In-111-oxine, and Tc-99m: than that of biotin-X-NHS influenced the measurements of RBC volume, 24-hour posttransfusion survival, and life span of the fresh baboon RBCs. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1366 EP 1373 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00528.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 726NY UT WOS:000185606800005 PM 14507266 ER PT J AU Chaney, JA Koh, SE Dulcey, CS Pehrsson, PE AF Chaney, JA Koh, SE Dulcey, CS Pehrsson, PE TI Surface chemistry of carbon removal from indium tin oxide by base and plasma treatment, with implications on hydroxyl termination SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auger electron spectroscopy (AES); energy loss spectroscopy (ELS); high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy; (HREELS); indium tin oxide (ITO); surface chemistry ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; WORK FUNCTION; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ITO ELECTRODES; THIN-FILMS; INJECTION; OXYGEN; DEPENDENCE AB The surface chemistry of carbon removal from indium tin oxide (ITO) has been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and high-resolution energy loss spectroscopy (HR-ELS). A vibrating Kelvin probe (KP) was used to monitor the work function (Phi) of ITO after cleaning, either by base-cleaning with alcoholic-KOH or by O-2 plasma-cleaning. Base-cleaning lowered Phi(ITO) as seen in the KP analysis, whereas plasma-cleaning slightly increased Phi(ITO) by an oxidative process. The degree Of Phi(ITO) depression by base-cleaning was seen to depend on the initial surface, but the Phi depression itself was nonreductive to the ITO, as seen in the In-MNN AES lineshape. The nonreductive depression Of Phi(ITO) by base-cleaning was further supported by a constant charge carrier density, as estimated from the HR-ELS. Base-cleaning was slightly more effective than the oxygen plasma in removing carbon from the ITO surface. However, base-cleaning preferentially removed graphitic carbon while leaving significant hydrocarbon contaminants, as determined by vibrational analysis with HREELS. All other ITO surfaces retained a significant carbon and hydrocarbon contamination as evidenced by AES and HREELS. There was little evidence of the formation of surface hydroxyl species, as expected for such an inherently contaminated surface as ITO. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jachan02@louisville.edu; pehrsson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00617-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 724MN UT WOS:000185491500033 ER PT J AU Smith, RW Wright, JA AF Smith, RW Wright, JA TI An implicit edge-based ALE method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE unstructured ALE methods; unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations ID VISCOSITY TURBULENCE MODELS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; FLOW; UNSTEADY; MESHES; COMPUTATIONS; SCHEMES; FLUID AB A new finite volume method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, expressed in arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) form, is presented. The method uses a staggered storage arrangement for the pressure and velocity variables and adopts an edge-based data structure and assembly procedure which is valid for arbitrary n-sided polygonal meshes. Edge formulas are presented for assembling the ALE from of the momentum and pressure equations. An implicit multi-stage time integrator is constructed that is geometrically conservative to the precision of the arithmetic used in the computation. The method is shown to be second-order-accurate in time and space for general time-dependent polygonal meshes. The method is first evaluated using several well-known unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes problems before being applied to a periodically forced aeroelastic problem and a transient free surface problem. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Streamline Numer Inc, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Smith, RW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Code R11, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 253 EP 279 DI 10.1002/fld.606 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 723HA UT WOS:000185425900002 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Silveira, E Tischler, JG Fatemi, M AF Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Silveira, E Tischler, JG Fatemi, M TI Properties of bulk AlN grown by thermodecomposition of AlCl3 center dot NH3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VALENCE-BAND SPLITTINGS; GAN; FILMS AB Self-nucleated bulk AlN crystals were grown by thermodecomposition of AlCl3.NH3 vaporized in the low-temperature zone of a two-zone furnace. X-ray diffraction of the AlN crystals show single lines with a small linewidth indicating high single-crystalline quality. Polarized Raman scattering experiments of these samples confirm the x-ray results based on the detection of a small linewidth for all allowed optical phonons. Low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectra show very sharp emission bands close to the optical band gap, which have been assigned to free-excitons A and B, and exciton-bound to shallow neutral impurity. The latter has a full width at half maximum smaller than 1.0 meV. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Fis, BR-70000 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Fis, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 13 BP 2584 EP 2586 DI 10.1063/1.1614418 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 725AX UT WOS:000185521400028 ER PT J AU Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT AF Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT TI Comment on "Ferromagnetism in Cr-doped Ge" SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEMICONDUCTOR C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kioseoglou, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 13 BP 2716 EP 2717 DI 10.1063/1.1606890 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 725AX UT WOS:000185521400072 ER PT J AU Chua, DH Dymond, KF Budzien, SA McCoy, RP Gerard, JC Coumans, V Bisikalo, D Shematovich, V AF Chua, DH Dymond, KF Budzien, SA McCoy, RP Gerard, JC Coumans, V Bisikalo, D Shematovich, V TI High resolution FUV observations of proton aurora SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LYMAN-ALPHA; PRECIPITATION; PROFILE; MODEL; LINE AB We present new FUV observations of Doppler-shifted Lyman-alpha emissions from proton aurora obtained from the High Resolution Ionospheric and Thermospheric Spectrograph ( HITS) aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). The HITS instrument observes the Doppler-shifted H Lyman-alpha emissions from proton precipitation with 1.5 Angstrom resolution. The high spectral resolution of these measurements allows the auroral Lyman-alpha emissions to be separated from the intense geocoronal background. The measured proton aurora Doppler spectra are modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation of proton flux transport. The forward modeling performed with this code allows us to infer the characteristic energies of the incident protons from the measured Lyman-alpha Doppler spectra. The inferred characteristics of dayside versus nightside proton precipitation are compared and used to identify the magnetospheric regions from which the particles likely originated. C1 Naval Res Lab, Thermospher & Ionospher Res & Applicat Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Liege, Lab Phys Atmospher & Planetaire, Liege, Belgium. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Moscow, Russia. RP Chua, DH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Thermospher & Ionospher Res & Applicat Grp, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shematovich, Valery/E-4670-2014; Bisikalo, Dmitry/E-5122-2014 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 18 AR 1948 DI 10.1029/2003GL017830 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 727FU UT WOS:000185648600004 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA AF Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA TI Simulation study of mid-latitude ionosphere fluctuations observed at Millstone Hill SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MODEL; DISTURBANCES; DENSITY; STORM AB [1] Quasi-periodic variations in ionospheric F-region parameters associated with interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations have been reported by Huang et al. [ 2002]. Two mechanisms that could generate these ionospheric fluctuations are a time-varying electric field or neutral wind. We present simulation results of the response of the midlatitude F-region ionosphere to these drivers using the NRL ionosphere model SAMI2. We obtain good agreement with Millstone Hill density and velocity observations for a zonal F-region electric field E similar or equal to +/- 2.4 mV/m. We also obtain good agreement with density observations if the neutral wind fluctuates similar to +/-40 m/s along the geomagnetic field. However, this neutral wind variation corresponds to similar to+/- 140 m/s in the meridional component of the horizontal neutral wind, and the fluctuating ion velocity is similar to 30% larger than those observed. This suggests that a fluctuating penetration electric field is probably responsible for the Millstone Hill observations. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leading Edge Technol Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 18 AR 1943 DI 10.1029/2003GL018018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 727FT UT WOS:000185648500004 ER PT J AU Fried, A Crawford, J Olson, J Walega, J Potter, W Wert, B Jordan, C Anderson, B Shetter, R Lefer, B Blake, D Blake, N Meinardi, S Heikes, B O'Sullivan, D Snow, J Fuelberg, H Kiley, CM Sandholm, S Tan, D Sachse, G Singh, H Faloona, I Harward, CN Carmichael, GR AF Fried, A Crawford, J Olson, J Walega, J Potter, W Wert, B Jordan, C Anderson, B Shetter, R Lefer, B Blake, D Blake, N Meinardi, S Heikes, B O'Sullivan, D Snow, J Fuelberg, H Kiley, CM Sandholm, S Tan, D Sachse, G Singh, H Faloona, I Harward, CN Carmichael, GR TI Airborne tunable diode laser measurements of formaldehyde during TRACE-P: Distributions and box model comparisons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE tunable diode laser; TRACE-P; formaldehyde; airborne formaldehyde measurements ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OBSERVATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; GAS-PHASE FORMALDEHYDE; PEM-TROPICS-B; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERIC FORMALDEHYDE; ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; CH2O MEASUREMENTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC AB [1] Airborne measurements of CH2O were acquired employing tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy during the 2001 Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) study onboard NASA's DC-8 aircraft. Above similar to 2.5 km, away from the most extreme pollution influences and heavy aerosol loadings, comprehensive comparisons with a steady state box model revealed agreement to within +/- 37 pptv in the measurement and model medians binned according to altitude and longitude. Likewise, a near unity slope (0.98 +/- 0.03) was obtained from a bivariate fit of the measurements, averaged into 25 pptv model bins, versus the modeled concentrations for values up to similar to 450 pptv. Both observations suggest that there are no systematic biases on average between CH2O measurements and box model results out to model values similar to 450 pptv. However, the model results progressively underpredict the observations at higher concentrations, possibly due to transport effects unaccounted for in the steady state model approach. The assumption of steady state also appears to contribute to the scatter observed in the point-by-point comparisons. The measurement-model variance was further studied employing horizontal flight legs. For background legs screened using a variety of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) tracers, measurement and model variance agreed to within 15%. By contrast, measurement variance was similar to 60% to 80% higher than the model variance, even with small to modest elevations in the NMHC tracers. Measurement-model comparisons of CH2O in clouds and in the lower marine troposphere in the presence of marine aerosols suggest rather significant CH2O uptake by as much as 85% in one extreme case compared to expectations based on modeled gas phase processes. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Fried, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM fried@ucar.edu RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 23 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D20 AR 8798 DI 10.1029/2003JD003451 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727GW UT WOS:000185651100005 ER PT J AU Horner, RD Kamins, KG Feussner, JR Grambow, SC Hoff-Lindquist, J Harati, Y Mitsumoto, H Pascuzzi, R Spencer, PS Tim, R Howard, D Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Coffman, CJ Kasarskis, EJ AF Horner, RD Kamins, KG Feussner, JR Grambow, SC Hoff-Lindquist, J Harati, Y Mitsumoto, H Pascuzzi, R Spencer, PS Tim, R Howard, D Smith, TC Ryan, MAK Coffman, CJ Kasarskis, EJ TI Occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War veterans SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID US VETERANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; TRAUMA AB Background: In response to Gulf War veterans' concerns of high rates of ALS, this investigation sought to determine if Gulf War veterans have an elevated rate of ALS. Methods: A nationwide epidemiologic case ascertainment study design was used to ascertain all occurrences of ALS for the 10-year period since August 1990 among active duty military and mobilized Reserves, including National Guard, who served during the Gulf War (August 2, 1990, through July 31, 1991). The diagnosis of ALS was confirmed by medical record review. Risk was assessed by the age-adjusted, average, annual 10-year cumulative incidence rate. Results: Among approximately 2.5 million eligible military personnel, 107 confirmed cases of ALS were identified for an overall occurrence of 0.43 per 100,000 persons per year. A significant elevated risk of ALS occurred among all deployed personnel (RR = 1.92; 95% CL = 1.29, 2.84), deployed active duty military (RR = 2.15, 95% CL = 1.38, 3.36), deployed Air Force (RR = 2.68, 95% CL = 1.24, 5.78), and deployed Army (RR = 2;04; 95% CL = 1.10, 3.77) personnel. Elevated, but nonsignificant, risks were observed for deployed Reserves and National Guard (RR = 2.50; 95% CL = 0.88, 7.07), deployed Navy (RR = 1.48, 95% CL = 0.62, 3.57), and deployed Marine Corps (RR = 1.13; 95% CL = 0.27, 4.79) personnel. Overall, the attributable risk associated with deployment was 18% (95% CL = 4.9%, 29.4%). Conclusions: Military personnel who were deployed to the Gulf Region during the Gulf War period experienced a greater post-war risk of ALS than those who were deployed to the Gulf. C1 NINDS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. VA Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. VA Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Houston VA Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Lexington VA Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Horner, RD (reprint author), NINDS, NSC Bldg,Room 2149,6001 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Grambow, Steven/E-1422-2015 OI Grambow, Steven/0000-0001-6037-3253 NR 23 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD SEP 23 PY 2003 VL 61 IS 6 BP 742 EP 749 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 723ZC UT WOS:000185460600006 PM 14504315 ER PT J AU Tran, NE Imam, MA Feng, CR AF Tran, NE Imam, MA Feng, CR TI Evaluation of hydrogen storage characteristics of magnesium-misch metal alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE magnesium-misch metal hydride; hydrogen storage characteristics; diffractograph; scanning electron microscope (SEM); ball-milling ID NICKEL; HYDRIDES; ELECTRODES AB Magnesium with different misch metal (Mm) concentration, from 10 to 30%, was investigated as a possible hydrogen storage medium. The materials were mechanically ball-milled and compressed into pellets for hydrogen storage evaluation. The experimental results showed high hydrogen storage capacity, rapid hydriding and dehydriding kinetics, low degree of decrepitation, and high cyclic stability after several hydriding-dehydriding cycles at high temperature and pressure. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6320,455 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 22 PY 2003 VL 359 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00176-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 721CF UT WOS:000185298900040 ER PT J AU Fukuto, M Heilmann, RK Pershan, PS Yu, SJM Soto, CM Tirrell, DA AF Fukuto, M Heilmann, RK Pershan, PS Yu, SJM Soto, CM Tirrell, DA TI Internal segregation and side chain ordering in hairy-rod polypeptide monolayers at the gas/water interface: An x-ray scattering study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; BREWSTER-ANGLE MICROSCOPY; FATTY-ACID MONOLAYERS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; PHOTOCHROMIC POLYGLUTAMATES; THERMOTROPIC POLYPEPTIDES; AZOBENZENE MOIETIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; SURFACE PRESSURE AB We report studies of the structure and packing of Langmuir monolayers (LMs) of polypeptide poly(gamma-4-(n-hexadecyloxy)benzyl alpha,L-glutamate) (C16-O-PBLG) on the surface of water. The molecule is a "hairy rod" and consists of side attachments of hexadecyloxy chains (-O-C16) to the rigid rod-like core made up of alpha-helical poly(gamma-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG). Measurements include surface pressure (Pi) versus area/monomer (A) isotherms, x-ray specular reflectivity (XR), and grazing incidence diffraction (GID). In contrast to the LM of bare PBLG on water, which undergoes a monolayer/bilayer transition with increasing Pi, monolayers of C16-O-PBLG remain stable up to the highest densities. On the basis of XR and GID results, the structure of the C16-O-PBLG monolayer is characterized by the following main features. First, hydrophobicity causes the -O-C16 chains to segregate towards the film/gas interface and away from water and the PBLG cores, which sit parallel to and near the water/film interface. Since the attachment position of some of the side chains is at the core/water interface, the segregation forces these chains into the space between neighboring core rods. Compression associated with increasing Pi thickens the film but the internally segregated structure is maintained for all Pi (i.e., >similar to30 dyne/cm). Second, the C16-O-PBLG rods form domains in which the rods are aligned parallel to each other and to the interface. The correlation length for the interhelix positional order of the rods is short and typically comparable to or less than the length of the rods. With increasing Pi the spacing d between nearest-neighbor rods decreases linearly with A at high Pi, indicating a direct correspondence between the macroscopic compressibility and the microscopic interhelix compressibility. Third, as Pi increases past similar to5 dyne/cm, the local packing of tethered -O-C16 chains displays the same herringbone (HB) order that is common for high-density bulk and monolayer phases of alkyl chains. Various features of the observed GID peaks also imply that the HB order of -O-C16 chains is oriented with respect to the helical axes of aligned PBLG cores. We propose that the HB order is established initially by one-dimensionally confined chains between aligned rods at low Pi and grows laterally with compression. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fukuto, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Yu, Michael/A-3332-2010; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 12 BP 6253 EP 6270 DI 10.1063/1.1602058 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 717XU UT WOS:000185116700054 ER PT J AU Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Theoretical optimization of a regenerated air refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRREVERSIBLE POWER-PLANTS; HEAT-EXCHANGER INVENTORY; COOLING LOAD; DENSITY; PERFORMANCE; ALLOCATION; CYCLES; COP AB The performance analysis and optimization of a regenerated air refrigerator is carried out by taking the cooling load density, i.e. the ratio of cooling load to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, as the optimization objective using finite-time thermodynamics or entropy generation minimization in this paper. Analytical relationships between cooling load density and pressure ratio, as well as between coefficient of performance (COP) and pressure ratio are derived. The irreversibilitles considered in the analysis include the heat transfer losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the non-isentropic compression and expansion losses in the compressor and expander, and the pressure drop losses in the piping. The comparison of the cycle performances under maximum cooling load density and maximum cooling load conditions is performed. The optimal performance characteristics of the cycle are obtained by optimizing the pressure ratio of the compressor, and searching the optimum distribution of heat conductances of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and regenerator for the fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The influences of the effectivenesses of the regenerator as well as the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, the efficiencies of the expander and the compressor, the pressure recovery coefficient, and the temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs on the cooling load density and COP are examined and shown by numerical examples. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Zhou, SB (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 18 BP 2304 EP 2311 AR PII S0022-3727(03)63268-7 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/18/020 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 731XP UT WOS:000185912000025 ER PT J AU Rao, SM Nestor, DB Turnshek, DA Lane, WM Monier, EM Bergeron, J AF Rao, SM Nestor, DB Turnshek, DA Lane, WM Monier, EM Bergeron, J TI Low-redshift damped Ly alpha galaxies toward the quasars B2 0827+243, PKS 0952+179, PKS 1127-145, and PKS 1629+120 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (B2 0827+243, PKS 0952+179, PKS 1127-145, PKS 1629+120) ID ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS; EXTREMELY RED GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; 21-CM ABSORPTION; FIELD GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; KINEMATICS; DISCOVERY AB We present optical and near-infrared ground-based imaging results on four low-redshift damped Lyalpha (DLA) galaxies. The corresponding DLA systems were discovered in our Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopic surveys for DLA lines in known strong Mg II absorption-line systems toward the quasars B2 0827+ 243 (z(DLA) = 0.525), PKS 0952+ 179 (z(DLA) = 0.239), PKS 1127 - 145 (z(DLA) = 0.313), and PKS 1629+ 120 (z(DLA) = 0.532). Two of the four DLA galaxies have confirmed slit redshifts, one has a photometric redshift consistent with the absorption-line redshift, and the fourth identification is based on the galaxy's proximity to the quasar sight line. The DLA galaxies span a mixture of morphological types from patchy, irregular, and low surface brightness to spiral galaxies. The luminosities range from 0.02L(K)* to 1.2L(K)*. We also discovered several extremely red objects (EROs) in two of these fields and discuss the possibility that they are associated with the DLA galaxies. These observations add to the small but growing list of DLA galaxies at low redshift. At the present time, 14 DLA galaxies in the redshift range 0.05 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1 have been studied. The distributions of DLA galaxy properties for these 14 cases are discussed, and some important trends emerge. Low-luminosity dwarf galaxies with small impact parameters dominate this small sample. Also, four of the five highest column density systems, which dominate in the determination of the cosmological neutral gas mass density, arise in low surface brightness dwarf galaxies. Zwaan et al. have shown that only 15% of the neutral gas at the present epoch is contained in low surface brightness galaxies. Thus, if the low-redshift DLA galaxy trends hold up with larger samples, it would indicate that a different population of objects is responsible for the bulk of the neutral hydrogen gas in the universe at z approximate to 0.5. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM rao@everest.phyast.pitt.edu NR 52 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 1 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1086/377331 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 721VC UT WOS:000185338300009 ER PT J AU Parkinson, PMS Tournear, DM Bloom, ED Focke, WB Reilly, KT Wood, KS Ray, PS Wolff, MT Scargle, JD AF Parkinson, PMS Tournear, DM Bloom, ED Focke, WB Reilly, KT Wood, KS Ray, PS Wolff, MT Scargle, JD TI Long-term X-ray variability of Circinus X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (Circinus X-1) ID CIR X-1; BURSTS; DISCOVERY; BINARY; PERIOD AB We present an analysis of long-term X-ray monitoring observations of Circinus X-1 (Cir X-1) made with four different instruments: Vela 5B, Ariel 5 all-sky monitor (ASM), Ginga ASM, and RXTE ASM, over the course of more than 30 yr. We use Lomb-Scargle periodograms to search for the similar to16.5 day orbital period of Cir X-1 in each of these data sets. From this we derive a new orbital ephemeris based solely on X-ray measurements, which we compare with the previous ephemerides obtained from radio observations. We also use the phase dispersion minimization (PDM) technique, as well as fast Fourier transform analysis, to verify the periods obtained from periodograms. We obtain dynamic periodograms (both Lomb-Scargle and PDM) of Cir X-1 during the RXTE era, showing the period evolution of Cir X-1 and also displaying some unexplained discrete jumps in the location of the peak power. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM pablos@slac.stanford.edu OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 1 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1086/377193 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 721VC UT WOS:000185338300031 ER PT J AU Ekberg, JO Feldman, U AF Ekberg, JO Feldman, U TI New identifications of MnVII and FeVIII lines belonging to transitions of the type 3p(6)4p-3p(6)4d and 3p(5)3d(2)-3p(6)4d SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID CORONAL SPECTRUM; SOLAR; SUMER; SUN AB The Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded a large number of spectra in the 500-1600 Angstrom region. Many of the detected spectral lines have been identified as transitions in ions from elements with low-to-moderate atomic numbers (Z less than or equal to 20). However, a substantial number of lines remained unidentified. We postulated that some of the unidentified lines are transitions between excited configurations in Fe+7. Unfortunately, Cr+5 was the last ion in the K I isoelectronic sequence where the envisioned types of transitions were previously identified. In this paper we report new identifications, in laboratory-generated spectra, of transitions between excited configurations in Mn+6 and Fe+7, two additional ions along the K I isoelectronic sequence. Since the elemental abundance of manganese in the solar atmosphere is very low, no Mn VII lines were identified in the SUMER spectra; however, the laboratory-identified Fe VIII lines were found to be present in the SUMER quiet-Sun spectra recorded above the solar limb and in sunspot spectra recorded on the solar disk. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Ekberg, JO (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 595 IS 1 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1086/377300 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 721VC UT WOS:000185338300047 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Perot, JB Fischer, PF AF Giraldo, FX Perot, JB Fischer, PF TI A spectral element semi-Lagrangian (SESL) method for the spherical shallow water equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cubic gnomonic; flux-corrected transport; hexahedral grid; shallow water equations; semi-Lagrangian; semi-implicit; spectral element method; spherical geometry ID GALERKIN METHODS; GEODESIC GRIDS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; ADVECTION SCHEMES; MODEL; RESOLUTION; GEOMETRY AB A spectral element semi-Lagrangian (SESL) method for the shallow water equations on the sphere is presented. The sphere is discretized using a hexahedral grid although any grid imaginable can be used as long as it is comprised of quadrilaterals. The equations are written in Cartesian coordinates to eliminate the pole singularity which plagues the equations in spherical coordinates. In a previous paper [Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 35 (2001) 869] we showed how to construct an explicit Eulerian spectral element (SE) model on the sphere; we now extend this work to a semi-Lagrangian formulation. The novelty of the Lagrangian formulation presented is that the high order SE basis functions are used as the interpolation functions for evaluating the values at the Lagrangian departure points. This makes the method not only high order accurate but quite general and thus applicable to unstructured grids and portable to distributed memory computers. The equations are discretized fully implicitly in time in order to avoid having to interpolate derivatives at departure points. By incorporating the Coriolis terms into the Lagrangian derivative, the block LU decomposition of the equations results in a symmetric positive-definite pseudo-Helmholtz operator which we solve using the generalized minimum residual method (GMRES) with a fast projection method [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 163 (1998) 193]. Results for eight test cases are presented to confirm the accuracy and stability of the method. These results show that SESL yields the same accuracy as an Eulerian spectral element semi-implicit (SESI) while allowing for time-steps 10 times as large and being up to 70% more efficient. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 20 PY 2003 VL 190 IS 2 BP 623 EP 650 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00300-0 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 727WK UT WOS:000185683700012 ER PT J AU Cheinet, S Teixeira, J AF Cheinet, S Teixeira, J TI A simple formulation for the eddy-diffusivity parameterization of cloud-topped boundary layers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; PART I; MODEL; CONVECTION; SIMULATIONS; FORECASTS; ECMWF AB [1] A new formulation for the eddy-diffusivity parameterization of the cloudy boundary layer is presented. The new aspects of the scheme are: (i) two prognostic turbulent kinetic energies (TKE), for the clear and cloudy air; (ii) in each region, the mixing length is formulated in terms of the TKE and a time scale. Additionally a statistical cloud scheme is used. The model is evaluated in a decoupling stratocumulus case and in a cumulus case, using a single-column mode. The model realistically simulates the overall cloud properties. The in-cloud mixing length formulation qualitatively matches the typical eddy size ( as diagnosed from large eddy simulations). Consistent interactions between the subcloud and the cloud layers are achieved through a realistic in-cloud mixing. In the cumulus case, the conditionally unstable layer is maintained. These results show that boundary layer clouds and associated mixing can be represented consistently in the context of the eddy-diffusivity approach. C1 Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cheinet, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Meteorol Dynam Lab, CNRS, Tour 15-25,5 Etage,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 18 AR 1930 DI 10.1029/2003GL017377 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 724FC UT WOS:000185476700001 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Validity of the second law in nonextensive quantum thermodynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SYSTEMS; ENTROPY; NANOTHERMODYNAMICS AB The second law of thermodynamics in nonextensive statistical mechanics is discussed in the quantum regime. Making use of the convexity property of the generalized relative entropy associated with the Tsallis entropy indexed by q, Clausius' inequality is shown to hold in the range qis an element of(0, 2]. This restriction on the range of the entropic index, q, is purely quantum mechanical and there exists no upper bound of q for validity of the second law in classical theory. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba 3058571, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba 3058571, Japan. NR 31 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 12 AR 120601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.120601 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 723GP UT WOS:000185424700004 PM 14525352 ER PT J AU Rashba, EI Efros, AL AF Rashba, EI Efros, AL TI Orbital mechanisms of electron-spin manipulation by an electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; RESONANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; COMPUTATION; RELAXATION; INSB; GAS AB A theory of spin manipulation of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) electrons by a time-dependent gate voltage applied to a quantum well is developed. The Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit coupling mechanisms are shown to be rather efficient for this purpose. The spin response to a perpendicular-to-plane electric field is due to a deviation from the strict 2D limit and is controlled by the ratios of the spin, cyclotron, and confinement frequencies. The dependence of this response on the magnetic field direction is indicative of the strengths of the competing spin-orbit coupling mechanisms. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM erashba@mailaps.org NR 34 TC 193 Z9 198 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 12 AR 126405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.126405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 723GP UT WOS:000185424700034 PM 14525382 ER PT J AU Price, RR Dressick, WJ Singh, A AF Price, RR Dressick, WJ Singh, A TI Fabrication of nanoscale metallic spirals using phospholipid microtubule organizational templates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLESS NI DEPOSITION; TUBULAR MICROSTRUCTURES; FLEXOELECTRICITY; CATALYSTS AB We describe the fabrication of metallic Cu spiral/helical nanostructures prepared via selective electroless metallization of a phospholipid microtubule template. The metallization template is created through selective, sequential adsorption of the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), onto nanoscale seams naturally occurring on the microtubule surface. A negatively charged Pd(II) nanoparticle catalyst is bound to the terminal cationic PEI layer of the multilayer film and initiates selective template metallization to form the helical Cu nanostructures. Details of the process are presented, and a mechanism and factors affecting the control of the feature critical dimensions are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Price, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 17 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 37 BP 11259 EP 11263 DI 10.1021/ja036173g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 721WQ UT WOS:000185341800045 PM 16220946 ER PT J AU Laskey, WK Beach, D AF Laskey, WK Beach, D TI Frequency and clinical significance of ischemic preconditioning during percutaneous coronary intervention SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADENOSINE RECEPTORS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; HUMAN MYOCARDIUM; INFARCT SIZE; ANGIOPLASTY; PROTECTION; OCCLUSION; IMPACT AB OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the short- and long-term clinical consequences of ischemic preconditioning (IP) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning has been demonstrated in animal models to significantly diminish the extent of myocardial necrosis consequent to coronary occlusion. Surrogate markers of ischemic injury (ST segment shift, lactate release, creatine kinase release) in humans have been shown to be similarly diminished with IP elicited during PCI. There are no studies of the frequency of inducibility of IP during PCI, nor are there longer-term data on the clinical relevance of IP. METHODS A total of 382 patients underwent elective PCI employing a previously validated protocol to elicit IP. Procedural, in-hospital, and one-year outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Ischemic preconditioning was elicited in 80% of patients and was associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of in-hospital adverse cardiac events (IP group, 12.1%; non-IP group, 44.1%; p < 0.0001). Women and diabetic patients were less likely to exhibit IP. By one year, patients failing to manifest IP were at significantly greater risk of post-discharge death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) (non-IP group, 25.9%; IP group, 11.1%; p < 0.002). Failure to manifest IP was significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of death or non-fatal MI by one year. CONCLUSIONS Clinically relevant short- and long-term cardioprotection can be found in association with IP during PCI. In-hospital adverse ischemic events are significantly diminished in patients with IP, as are the risks of death or non-fatal MI at one year. Failure to elicit IP during PCI serves as an independent marker of increased risk of future ischemic events. (C) 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Laskey, WK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Cardiac Catheterizat Lab, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD SEP 17 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 998 EP 1003 DI 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00909-4 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 721YK UT WOS:000185345900006 PM 13678919 ER PT J AU Harutyunyan, SR Vardanyan, VH Kuzanyan, AS Nikoghosyan, VR Kunii, S Wood, KS Gulian, AM AF Harutyunyan, SR Vardanyan, VH Kuzanyan, AS Nikoghosyan, VR Kunii, S Wood, KS Gulian, AM TI Thermoelectric cooling at cryogenic temperatures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAB6; CEB6 AB Experimental results demonstrating Peltier cooling below 10 K are reported, using crystals of the thermoelectric cerium hexaboride (CeB6). Direct measurements of the Peltier cooling showed deltaT up to similar to0.2 K in magnitude at Tsimilar to4-5 K. All three kinetic parameters: resistivity (rho), heat conductivity (k), and Seebeck coefficient (S), characterizing the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT=(ST)-T-2/rhok, were measured, giving high-confidence results. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Art Frontiers, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys Res, Ashtarak 378410, Armenia. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Art Frontiers, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 11 BP 2142 EP 2144 DI 10.1063/1.1610810 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 719XU UT WOS:000185231000018 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Band parameters for nitrogen-containing semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRON EFFECTIVE-MASS; CENTER-DOT-P; QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; TIGHT-BINDING CALCULATION; NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; III-V NITRIDES; INXGA1-XN ALLOYS 0.36-LESS-THAN-X-LESS-THAN-1; RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a comprehensive and up-to-date compilation of band parameters for all of the nitrogen-containing III-V semiconductors that have been investigated to date. The two main classes are: (1) "conventional" nitrides (wurtzite and zinc-blende GaN, InN, and AIN, along with their alloys) and (2) "dilute" nitrides (zinc-blende ternaries and quaternaries in which a relatively small fraction of N is added to a host III-V material, e.g., GaAsN and GaInAsN). As in our more general review of Ill-V semiconductor band parameters [I. Vurgaftman et al., J. Appl. Phys. 89, 5815 (2001)], complete and consistent parameter sets are recommended on the basis of a thorough and critical review of the existing literature. We tabulate the direct and indirect energy gaps, spin-orbit and crystal-field splittings, alloy bowing parameters, electron and hole effective masses, deformation potentials, elastic constants, piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization coefficients, as well as heterostructure band offsets. Temperature and alloy-composition dependences are also recommended wherever they are available. The "band anticrossing" model is employed to parameterize the fundamental band gap and conduction band properties of the dilute nitride materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 423 TC 1598 Z9 1622 U1 49 U2 416 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 3675 EP 3696 DI 10.1063/1.1600519 PG 22 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723EN UT WOS:000185419600001 ER PT J AU Suits, BH Garroway, AN AF Suits, BH Garroway, AN TI Optimizing surface coils and the self-shielded gradiometer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE-RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD; NMR AB A computational method for optimizing both single- and two-layer surface coils is presented that is relatively easy to implement in practice using either a variational approach or through standard numerical matrix diagonalization techniques. The technique is applied, in particular, to develop a self-shielded gradiometer that is relatively immune to radiofrequency (rf) interference from distant sources with a minimal compromise to its ability to sense rf from nearby sources, properties necessary for nuclear quadrupole resonance detection of buried land mines. Results of the optimization procedure are evaluated using finite-element numerical techniques and measurements on prototype coils for a number of configurations. These results show that practical coils can be constructed that approximate the theoretically optimized coils quite well. In addition, the trade off between the surface coil sensitivity and noise immunity is presented for the self-shielded gradiometer configuration. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suits, BH (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 6 BP 4170 EP 4178 DI 10.1063/1.1601296 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723EN UT WOS:000185419600074 ER PT J AU Rabin, RL Alston, MA Sircus, JC Knollmann-Ritschel, B Moratz, C Ngo, D Farber, JM AF Rabin, RL Alston, MA Sircus, JC Knollmann-Ritschel, B Moratz, C Ngo, D Farber, JM TI CXCR3 is induced early on the pathway of CD4(+) T cell differentiation and bridges central and peripheral functions SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; B-CELLS; CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSIVENESS; LYMPHOID ORGANS; TH2 CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; MEMORY AB Chemokine receptors on T cells are frequently categorized as functioning either in immune system homeostasis within lymphoid organs, or in peripheral inflammation. CXCR3 is in the latter category and is reported to be expressed selectively on Th1 cells. We found that CXCR3 was expressed in vivo on newly activated tonsillar CD4(+) T cells. Using CD4(+) T cells from cord blood, we found that CXCR3 was induced by cellular activation in vitro independently of the cytokine milieu, although on resting cells, expression was maintained preferentially on those that had been activated in type 1 conditions. In inflamed tonsils, CXCR3(+)CD4(+) T cells were localized around and within germinal centers. The inference that CXCR3 has a role in germinal center reactions was supported by the finding that the CXCR3 ligand CXC chemokine ligand 9 was expressed in a pattern demarcating a subset of germinal centers both in tonsil and in lymph nodes from an HIV-infected individual. We next investigated the role of CXCR3 on peripheral effector/memory CD4(+) T cells by comparing its pattern of expression with that of CCR5, another Th1-cell associated chemokine receptor. Analysis of cells directly from peripheral blood and after activation in vitro suggested that CXCR3 expression preceded that of CCR5, supporting a model of sequential induction of chemokine receptors during CD4(+) T cell differentiation. Taken together, our data show that CXCR3 can be expressed at all stages of CD4(+) T cell activation and differentiation, bridging central function in lymphoid organs and effector function in peripheral tissues. C1 NIAID, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Immunoregulat Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Farber, JM (reprint author), NIAID, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 11N228,MSC 1888,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 51 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 171 IS 6 BP 2812 EP 2824 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 720DY UT WOS:000185247300012 PM 12960302 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Belmonte, M Epstein, JE Siegrist, CA Weiss, WR Jones, TR Lu, MH Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Sedegah, M Belmonte, M Epstein, JE Siegrist, CA Weiss, WR Jones, TR Lu, MH Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL TI Successful induction of CD8 T cell-dependent protection against malaria by sequential immunization with DNA and recombinant poxvirus of neonatal mice born to immune mothers SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE; RESPONSES; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; ANTIGEN; INFANTS; HUMANS; LIFE; AREA AB In some parts of Africa, 50% of deaths attributed to malaria occur in infants less than 8 mo. Thus, immunization against malaria may have to begin in the neonatal period, when neonates have maternally acquired Abs against malaria parasite proteins. Many malaria vaccines in development rely upon CD8 cells as immune effectors. Some studies indicate that neonates do not mount optimal CD8 cell responses. We report that BALB/c mice first immunized as neonates (7 days) with a Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP) DNA vaccine mixed with a plasmid expressing murine GM-CSF (DG) and boosted at 28 days with poxvirus expressing PyCSP were protected (93%) as well as mice immunized entirely as adults (70%). Protection was dependent on CD8 cells, and mice had excellent anti-PyCSP IFN-gamma and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Mice born of mothers previously exposed to P. yoelii parasites or immunized with the vaccine were protected and had excellent T cell responses. These data support assessment of this immunization strategy in neonates/young infants in areas in which malaria exacts its greatest toll. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Geneva, Dept Pathol & Pediat, WHO Collaborating Ctr Neonatal Vaccinol, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Sanaria, 308 Argosy Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 171 IS 6 BP 3148 EP 3153 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 720DY UT WOS:000185247300052 PM 12960342 ER PT J AU Quinn, JB Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Lloyd, IK Pureza, PC Miklos, RE Aggarwal, ID AF Quinn, JB Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Lloyd, IK Pureza, PC Miklos, RE Aggarwal, ID TI Strength and fractographic analysis of chalcogenide As-S-Se and Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOHALIDE GLASSES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; CERAMICS; SYSTEM AB The strengths and Weibull parameters of chalcogenide As-S-Se and Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers were measured, and the fiber fracture surfaces examined. The sulfide (As-S-Se) fibers have a mean strength of 545 MPa, characteristic strength of 567 MPa, and Weibull slope, m, of 8.5. The weaker telluride (Ge-As-Se-Te) fibers have a mean strength of 427 MPa, characteristic strength of 441 MPa, and a Weibull slope of 11. Fractographic analysis indicates the sources of failure in these glass fibers are inclusions, microbubbles and microcracks. Fracture mirror measurements enabled estimations of fracture toughness and mean critical flaw sizes. The lower strength of the Ge-As-Se-Te glass fibers was determined to be a consequence of a more severe flaw population. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, STOP8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 325 IS 1-3 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00309-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718RM UT WOS:000185160300017 ER PT J AU Chen, G Batteh, ET Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Chen, G Batteh, ET Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Spectral Zeeman hole burning in a quantum dot ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCITON; SPECTROSCOPY; WELLS; GAAS; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB Spectral hole burning experiments based on high-resolution magneto-CW four-wave mixing in the phase conjugate geometry show that both the spectral and spatial diffusion of excitons is negligible in the GaAs quantum dot system formed by interface disorder. Due to the strong Coulomb coupling, Zeeman spectral hole burning is observed when we resonantly excite one of the two orthogonally polarized excitons confined to each dot by two copolarized and frequency-degenerate fields and then probe the system by a third beam that is of opposite polarization and a Zeeman splitting away (in frequency). The experiments allow for a measure of the exciton decay rates and g factor. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 115303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115303 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 730KE UT WOS:000185829300055 ER PT J AU Madsen, GKH Schwarz, K Blaha, P Singh, DJ AF Madsen, GKH Schwarz, K Blaha, P Singh, DJ TI Electronic structure and transport in type-I and type-VIII clathrates containing strontium, barium, and europium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; CAGE STRUCTURES; SR8GA16GE30; BA8GA16GE30; SEMICONDUCTORS; BA8GA16SI30; DISORDER; BA8IN16SN30; INSULATORS AB The thermoelectric properties of filled gallium-germanium clathrates are analyzed from a band-structure point of view. Using the virtual crystal approximation the undoped clathrates are calculated to be semiconductors with band gaps around 0.6-0.9 eV. The conduction bands hybridize with the unoccupied d states of the guest atoms. This means that the thermoelectric properties of n-doped type-I clathrates depend strongly on the guest atom while p doped clathrates are relatively unaffected. The type-VIII structures have disperse bands centered around the voids in the framework structure. This explains the low effective masses observed for n-doped type-VIII structures. It also means that the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties are relatively independent of the guest atom and that p-doped should have favorable thermoelectric properties while n-doped type-VIII structures have poor properties. We estimate a figure of merit of 1.2 at 400 K for an optimally p-doped europium-VIII clathrate. In addition we predict that the strontium-VIII clathrate should be stable. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Tech Univ Vienna, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Madsen, GKH (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Blaha, Peter/F-2847-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 39 TC 186 Z9 189 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 AR 125212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.125212 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 731AG UT WOS:000185861900036 ER PT J AU Petukhov, AG Demchenko, DO Chantis, AN AF Petukhov, AG Demchenko, DO Chantis, AN TI Electron spin polarization in resonant interband tunneling devices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; QUANTUM-WELLS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSMISSION; FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTOR; INJECTION; TRANSPORT; BARRIER; DIODES AB We study spin-dependent interband resonant tunneling in double-barrier InAs/AlSb/ GaxMn1-xSb heterostructures. We demonstrate that these structures can be used as spin filters utilizing spin-selective tunneling of electrons through the light-hole resonant channel. High densities of the spin-polarized electrons injected into bulk InAs make spin-resonant tunneling devices a viable alternative for injecting spins into a semiconductor. Another striking feature of the proposed devices is the possibility of inducing additional resonant channels corresponding to the heavy holes. This can be implemented by saturating the in-plane magnetization in the quantum well. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. OI Chantis, Athanasios/0000-0001-7933-0579 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 AR 125332 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.125332 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 731AG UT WOS:000185861900068 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K AF Zhang, X Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K TI Confinement and transverse standing acoustic resonances in free-standing membranes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; HELIUM-ATOM SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; WAVES; EXCITATIONS; PHONONS AB Brillouin light scattering (BLS) reveal standing wave acoustic resonances in unsupported 100 and 200 nm thick, SiN membranes. In contrast to supported thin films where discrete high frequency (GHz) longitudinal standing wave excitations were recently reported, transverse standing resonances are observed by light scattering in an unsupported laminar structure. Due to the boundary conditions imposed by the free upper and lower surfaces, the standing wave resonances are quantized in frequency. The resonances provide for a direct, nondestructive, measure of all principal elastic constants (C-11,C-44) that completely characterize the mechanical properties of the membrane. In addition, the two lowest order Lamb waves (dilational and flexural modes) of the membrane are observed. The results are compared to BLS performed on nitride films atop a Si underlayer when it is found that all standing resonances transform to leaky modes leading to featureless light scattering spectra. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 115430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115430 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 730KE UT WOS:000185829300109 ER PT J AU Borisov, AB Davis, J Song, XY Koshman, Y Dai, Y Boyer, K Rhodes, CK AF Borisov, AB Davis, J Song, XY Koshman, Y Dai, Y Boyer, K Rhodes, CK TI Saturated multikilovolt x-ray amplification with Xe clusters: single-pulse observation of Xe(L) spectral hole burning SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHANNELED PROPAGATION; PLASMAS; EXCITATION; EMISSION AB Single-pulse measurements of spectral hole burning of Xe(L) 3d --> 2p hollow atom transition arrays observed from a self-trapped plasma channel provide new information on the dynamics of saturated amplification in the lambda similar to 2.8-2.9 Angstrom region. The spectral hole burning on transitions in the Xe34+, and Xe35+ arrays reaches full suppression of the spontaneous emission and presents a corresponding width Deltahomega(x) congruent to 60 eV, a value adequate for efficient amplification of multikilovolt x-ray pulses down to a limiting length tau(x) similar to 30 as. The depth of the suppression at 2.86 Angstrom indicates that the gain-to-loss ratio is greater than or equal to10. An independent determination of the x-ray pulse energy from damage produced on the surface of a Ti foil in the far field of the source gives a pulse energy of 20-30 muJ, a range that correlates well with the observation of the spectral hole burning and indicates an overall extraction efficiency of similar to10%. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Rhodes, CK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 17 BP L285 EP L294 AR PII S0953-4075(03)64418-4 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/36/17/104 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 732PT UT WOS:000185955300004 ER PT J AU Li, BS Ma, W Jaffe, H Zheng, YL Takahashi, S Zhang, L Kulkarni, AB Pant, HC AF Li, BS Ma, W Jaffe, H Zheng, YL Takahashi, S Zhang, L Kulkarni, AB Pant, HC TI Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 is involved in neuregulin-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt activity mediating neuronal survival SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE; CELL-SURVIVAL; NEGATIVE REGULATION; REGULATORY SUBUNIT; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CDC2-LIKE KINASE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GROWTH-FACTOR; MICE LACKING AB The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating survival signals in wide variety of neurons and cells. Recent studies show that Akt also regulates metabolic pathways to regulate cell survival. In this study, we reported that cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) regulates Akt activity and cell survival through the neuregulin-mediated PI 3-kinase signaling pathway. We found that brain extracts of Cdk5 -/- mice display a lower PI 3-kinase activity and phosphorylation of Akt compared with that in wild type mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that Cdk5 phosphorylated Ser-1176 in the neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and phosphorylated Thr-871 and Ser-1120 in the ErbB3 receptor. We identified the Ser-1120 sequence RSRSPR in ErbB3 as a novel phosphorylation consensus sequence of Cdk5. Finally, we found that Cdk5 activity is involved in neuregulin-induced Akt activity and neuregulin-mediated neuronal survival. These findings suggest that Cdk5 may exert a key role in promoting neuronal survival by regulating Akt activity through the neuregulin/PI 3-kinase signaling pathway. C1 NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Funct Genom Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Behav & Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pant, HC (reprint author), NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D24,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 72 TC 104 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 12 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 37 BP 35702 EP 35709 DI 10.1074/jbc.M302004200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 718UG UT WOS:000185164400116 PM 12824184 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Roland, CM Pawlus, S Ziolo, J Ngai, KL AF Paluch, M Roland, CM Pawlus, S Ziolo, J Ngai, KL TI Does the arrhenius temperature dependence of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation persist above T-g? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING MATERIALS; SLOW BETA-PROCESS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; PRESSURE; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; SORBITOL AB Dielectric spectra of the polyalcohols sorbitol and xylitol were measured under isobaric pressures up to 1.8 GPa. At elevated pressure, the separation between the alpha and beta relaxation peaks is larger than at ambient pressure, enabling the beta relaxation times to be unambiguously determined. Taking advantage of this, we show that the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the beta relaxation time does not persist for temperatures above T-g. This result, consistent with inferences drawn from dielectric relaxation measurements at ambient pressure, is obtained directly, without the usual problematic deconvolution the beta and alpha processes. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 31 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 12 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 11 AR 115701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.115701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 720XN UT WOS:000185288000037 PM 14525441 ER PT J AU Le Roch, KG Zhou, YY Blair, PL Grainger, M Moch, JK Haynes, JD De la Vega, P Holder, AA Batalov, S Carucci, DJ Winzeler, EA AF Le Roch, KG Zhou, YY Blair, PL Grainger, M Moch, JK Haynes, JD De la Vega, P Holder, AA Batalov, S Carucci, DJ Winzeler, EA TI Discovery of gene function by expression profiling of the malaria parasite life cycle SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; STABLE TRANSFECTION; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; EBL FAMILY; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; SPOROZOITE; CHROMOSOME-2; SURFACE; KINASE AB The completion of the genome sequence for Plasmodium falciparum, the species responsible for most malaria human deaths, has the potential to reveal hundreds of new drug targets and proteins involved in pathogenesis. However, only similar to35% of the genes code for proteins with an identifiable function. The absence of routine genetic tools for studying Plasmodium parasites suggests that this number is unlikely to change quickly if conventional serial methods are used to characterize encoded proteins. Here, we use a high-density oligonucleotide array to generate expression profiles of human and mosquito stages of the malaria parasite's life cycle. Genes with highly correlated levels and temporal patterns of expression were often involved in similar functions or cellular processes. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol ICND202, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Le Roch, KG (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol ICND202, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Holder, Anthony/A-7554-2013 OI Holder, Anthony/0000-0002-8490-6058 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117532067] NR 44 TC 783 Z9 797 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 12 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5639 BP 1503 EP 1508 DI 10.1126/science.1087025 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 720HL UT WOS:000185255300040 PM 12893887 ER PT J AU Berrington, RC Dermer, CD AF Berrington, RC Dermer, CD TI Nonthermal particles and radiation produced by cluster merger shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : clusters : general; methods : numerical; shock waves; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; HARD X-RAY; UNIVERSAL DENSITY PROFILE; SCALE STRUCTURE FORMATION; NEUTRAL PION-DECAY; COMA-CLUSTER; GALAXY CLUSTERS; COSMIC-RAYS; HIGH-ENERGY; GAMMA-RAYS AB We have developed a numerical model for the temporal evolution of particle and photon spectra resulting from nonthermal processes at the shock fronts formed in merging clusters of galaxies. Fermi acceleration is approximated by injecting power- law distributions of particles during a merger event, subject to constraints on maximum particle energies. We consider synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, Compton, and Coulomb processes for the electrons, nuclear, photomeson, and Coulomb processes for the protons, and knock- on electron production during the merging process. The broadband radio through gamma- ray emission radiated by nonthermal protons and primary and secondary electrons is calculated both during and after the merger event. Using ROSAT observations to establish typical parameters for the matter density pro. le of clusters of galaxies, we find that typical merger shocks are weak and accelerate particles with relatively soft spectra. We consider the prospects for detecting nonthermal radio and gamma- ray emission from clusters of galaxies and implications for the origin of ultra - high- energy cosmic rays and the diffuse gamma-ray background. Our results suggest that only a few of the isotropically distributed unidentified EGRET sources are due to shocks formed in cluster mergers and that only a minor contribution to the diffuse extragalactic gamma- ray background can originate from cluster merger shocks. Cluster merger shocks can accelerate protons to less than or similar to 10(19) eV for the standard parameters considered here. We predict that GLAST will detect several cluster mergers, and depending on the mean magnetic fields in the intracluster medium, the Low Frequency Array could detect anywhere from several to several hundred. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berrington, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 123 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 594 IS 2 BP 709 EP 731 DI 10.1086/376981 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720JL UT WOS:000185257600006 ER PT J AU Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Fischer, J Wolfire, MG Sturm, E Dudley, CC Lutz, D Genzel, R AF Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Fischer, J Wolfire, MG Sturm, E Dudley, CC Lutz, D Genzel, R TI The [C II] 158 micron line deficit in ultraluminous infrared galaxies revisited SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; ISM : lines and bands ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPACE-OBSERVATORY MEASUREMENTS; LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ISO-LWS SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; IRAS OBSERVATIONS AB We present a study of the [ C II] 157.74 mum fine- structure line in a sample of 15 ultraluminous infrared ( IR) galaxies ( IR luminosity L-IR greater than or equal to 10(12) L.; ULIRGs) using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer ( LWS) on the Infrared Space Observatory ( ISO). We confirm the observed order of magnitude deficit ( compared to normal and starburst galaxies) in the strength of the [ C ii] line relative to the far- infrared ( FIR) dust continuum emission found in our initial report, but here with a sample that is twice as large. This result suggests that the deficit is a general phenomenon affecting 4 out of 5 ULIRGs. We present an analysis using observations of generally acknowledged photodissociation region ( PDR) tracers ([ C ii], [ O i] 63 and 145 mum, and FIR continuum emission), which suggests that a high ultraviolet flux G(0) incident on a moderate density n PDR could explain the deficit. However, comparisons with other ULIRG observations, including CO ( 1 - 0), [ C i] ( 1 - 0), and 6.2 mum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH) emission, suggest that high G(0) = n PDRs alone cannot produce a self- consistent solution that is compatible with all of the observations. We propose that non- PDR contributions to the FIR continuum can explain the apparent [ C ii] deficiency. Here, unusually high G(0) and/ or n physical conditions in ULIRGs as compared to those in normal and starburst galaxies are not required to explain the [ C ii] deficit. Dust- bounded photoionization regions, which generate much of the FIR emission but do not contribute significant [ C ii] emission, offer one possible physical origin for this additional nonPDR component. Such environments may also contribute to the observed suppression of FIR fine- structure emission from ionized gas and PAHs, as well as the warmer FIR colors found in ULIRGs. The implications for observations at higher redshifts are also revisited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Luhman, ML (reprint author), Inst Def Anal, 4850 Mark Ctr Dr, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. NR 103 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 594 IS 2 BP 758 EP 775 DI 10.1086/376965 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720JL UT WOS:000185257600009 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Keller, CU AF Sheeley, NR Keller, CU TI Linear polarization measurements of chromospheric emission lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE scattering; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : magnetic fields; techniques : polarimetric ID TO-LIMB VARIATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NAI D-1; SUN; SCATTERING; PROMINENCES; POLARIMETER; PROFILES; SPECTRUM; REGIONS AB We have used the Zurich Imaging Stokes Polarimeter (ZIMPOL I) with the McMath-Pierce 1.5 m main telescope on Kitt Peak to obtain linear polarization measurements of the off-limb chromosphere with a sensitivity better than 1 x 10(-5). We found that the off-disk observations require a combination of good seeing (to show the emission lines) and a clean heliostat (to avoid contamination by scattered light from the Sun's disk). When these conditions were met, we obtained the following principal results: 1. Sometimes self-reversed emission lines of neutral and singly ionized metals showed linear polarization caused by the transverse Zeeman effect or by instrumental cross talk from the longitudinal Zeeman effect in chromospheric magnetic fields. Otherwise, these lines tended to depolarize the scattered continuum radiation by amounts that ranged up to 0.2%. 2. Lines previously known to show scattering polarization just inside the limb (such as the Na I lambda5889 D2 and the He I lambda5876 D3 lines) showed even more polarization above the Sun's limb, with values approaching 0.7%. 3. The O I triplet at lambda7772, lambda7774, and lambda7775 showed a range of polarizations. The lambda7775 line, whose maximum intrinsic polarizability, P-max, is less than 1%, revealed mainly Zeeman contributions from chromospheric magnetic fields. However, the more sensitive lambda7772 (P-max = 19%) and lambda7774 (P-max = 29%) lines had relatively strong scattering polarizations of approximately 0.3% in addition to their Zeeman polarizations. At times of good seeing, the polarization spectra resolve into fine structures that seem to be chromospheric spicules. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil; ckeller@noao.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 594 IS 2 BP 1085 EP 1101 DI 10.1086/376984 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 720JL UT WOS:000185257600035 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, WS Stievater, TH Papanicolaou, NA Katzer, DS Goetz, PG AF Rabinovich, WS Stievater, TH Papanicolaou, NA Katzer, DS Goetz, PG TI Demonstration of a microelectromechanical tunable asymmetric Fabry-Perot quantum well modulator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Asymmetric Fabry-Perot multiple quantum well modulators can have much higher extinction ratios than are otherwise possible with surface normal devices. This performance comes at the price of very tight tolerances on the epitaxial growth and high sensitivity to temperature and angle of incidence. We demonstrate that a quantum well modulator with an integrated microelectromechanical mirror can remove these sensitivities. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1923 EP 1925 DI 10.1063/1.1606499 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 717LJ UT WOS:000185089800006 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Jayasundera, S Miller, JB Klaehn, J Burleigh, MC Spector, MS Golledge, SL Castner, DG Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Jayasundera, S Miller, JB Klaehn, J Burleigh, MC Spector, MS Golledge, SL Castner, DG Gaber, BP TI Effect of added metal chelating organosilane on mesoporous titanosilicate formation properties SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ION AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-SIEVE SBA-15; IMINODIACETIC ACID; MICROPOROUS TITANOSILICATE; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; MFI STRUCTURE; TITANIUM; SILICA AB We describe the effects of adding the organosilane n-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDATAS) during hydrothermal synthesis on the formation properties of titanium containing SBA-15 mesoporous silica. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Si/Ti atomic ratio decreased significantly with the addition of the organosilane compared to the non-funtionalized silicates, showing that the EDATAS silicates contained more surface titanium. X-ray powder diffraction and nitrogen gas adsorption analysis revealed that the functionalized titanosilicates were ordered mesoporous materials with narrow pore size distributions with a BJH pore size of 92-96 Angstrom. Solid state CP/MAS NMR experiments demonstrated that addition of EDATAS during hydrothermal synthesis produced a mesoporous silica with 6-coordinated Ti(iv) coordination. Using the same synthesis without the EDATAS, mesoporous silicas with 4-coordinated Ti(IV) were produced. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD SEP 7 PY 2003 IS 17 BP 3398 EP 3403 DI 10.1039/b306114k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 724HM UT WOS:000185482200014 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Djuth, FT Tepley, CA Sulzer, MP Ossakow, SL Newman, DL AF Bernhardt, PA Gondarenko, NA Guzdar, PN Djuth, FT Tepley, CA Sulzer, MP Ossakow, SL Newman, DL TI Using radio-induced aurora to measure the horizontal structure of ion layers in the lower thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sporadic E layers; ionospheric heating; remote sensing ID SPORADIC-E LAYERS; E-REGION HEIGHTS; PARAMETRIC INSTABILITIES; ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; PLASMA; IONOSPHERE; DIAGNOSTICS; EVENT; WAVES AB [1] Two-dimensional images of sporadic E layers have been produced using a technique called radio-induced aurora. This technique makes the ion layer regions glow when being stimulated by high-power radio waves. Normally, the neutral regions near the ion layers do not radiate visible emissions. Experiments in January 1998 at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico have shown that the ion layer regions at 120 km altitude can be made to glow at 557.7 nm and other wavelengths by illuminating them with radio waves at 3.175 MHz with effective radiated powers of 80 MW. The regions of the sporadic E layers that have electron densities greater than the critical density for reflection of the radio waves emit energetic electrons that collide with and excite atmospheric atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen. Because the electron collisions increase at lower altitudes where the neutral densities are higher, major differences in excitation can occur between layers at 120 km altitude and at 100 km altitude. A charge-coupled device imager located on the ground is used to capture images of the glowing E region structures. The camera exposure times were in the range of 15-45 s. The images obtained using this technique show a wide variety of structures in the sporadic E layers. Some layers cover the 15 X 30 km region illuminated by the radio wave beam. Other layers show strong modulation of the E region by instabilities driven by a shear in the neutral wind. Two-dimensional computer simulations of the coupling between neutral wind turbulence and the ion layers replicate the structure shown in the images. The optical emissions are explained using one- and two-dimensional simulations of radio propagation to produce localized regions of large electric fields. Electrons are accelerated out of these regions yielding the artificial aurora. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Geosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A9 AR 1336 DI 10.1029/2002JA009712 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 722FP UT WOS:000185365000002 ER PT J AU Pan, YC Lu, M Peng, ZH Melinger, JS AF Pan, YC Lu, M Peng, ZH Melinger, JS TI Synthesis and optical properties of unsymmetrical conjugated dendrimers focally anchored with perylenes in different geometries SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; SHAPE-PERSISTENT; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DENDRONS; CONVERGENT; ANTENNA; DIODES; CORE AB Two sets of light-harvesting monodendrons with unsymmetrical conjugated phenylacetylene branches and perylene cores, one with pi-conjugation from the branches to the core and one without, were synthesized and their photophysical properties were studied by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. These monodendrons show comparably high fluorescence quantum yields and efficient energy-transfer properties. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peng, ZH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM pengz@umkc.edu NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 18 BP 6952 EP 6958 DI 10.1021/jo0346858 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 718XH UT WOS:000185171400015 PM 12946135 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Storm, DF AF Klein, PB Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Storm, DF TI Photoionisation spectroscopy of traps in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE AB Photoionisation spectroscopy has been carried out in bias-stressed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by MBE in order to probe the nature of the deep trapping centres responsible for stress-induced current collapse in these devices. The results indicate that a GaN buffer layer trap previously associated with current collapse in devices grown by MOCVD is responsible for induced collapse in MBE-grown structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6877,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 18 BP 1354 EP 1356 DI 10.1049/el:20030836 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 724HX UT WOS:000185483100039 ER PT J AU Maidanik, G Becker, KJ AF Maidanik, G Becker, KJ TI Dependence of the induced loss factor on the coupling forms and coupling strengths: linear analysis SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID UNDAMPED OSCILLATORS; NOISE-CONTROL; WAVES; LAYER AB The influence of a set of satellite oscillators on the response behavior of a master oscillator, to which the set is coupled, is of fundamental significance to structural acoustics and beyond. The focus is largely on the induced loss factor that the satellite oscillators generate in the impedance of the master oscillator. Much of the research work performed on behalf of this investigation employed basically sprung masses for the satellite oscillators. A sprung mass is a primitive type of satellite oscillator and, as such, limitations are imposed on the range of applicability of these research works. In this paper more elaborate satellite oscillators are introduced; and, especially, a wider range of coupling forms and strengths are investigated. A number of new insights are, thereby, obtained. In particular, this paper facilitates further studies of the relationships among the linear impedance analysis, the energy analysis and the statistical energy analysis. These studies are in progress and will be subsequently reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Maidanik, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 4 PY 2003 VL 266 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01389-5 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 713YK UT WOS:000184885400002 ER PT J AU Maidanik, G Becker, KJ AF Maidanik, G Becker, KJ TI Dependence of the induced loss factor on the coupling forms and coupling strengths: energy analysis SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE HARMONIC-OSCILLATORS; NOISE-CONTROL AB In two recent papers, the induced loss factor is determined via the modification to the loss factor in the linear impedance of a master oscillator caused by its coupling to a set of satellite oscillators. A loss factor is basically an energetic quantity and, therefore, one may inquire whether the induced loss factor may be estimated via an energy analysis (EA). An answer to this question is sought. It is shown that the linear impedance analysis and EA yields identical results for the induced loss factor in the appropriate frequency range. This frequency range spans the distribution of resonance frequencies of the satellite oscillators. In this frequency range, the identity of the results is not only in terms of gross features but also in detail. Finally, the relationship of EA to statistical energy analysis (SEA) is explored. The loss factors assigned to the satellite oscillators are cast in terms of modal overlap parameters. It is found necessary for the validation of SEA, in the light of EA, that these parameters exceed a certain threshold. In specific situations of interest the threshold values may exceed unity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, NSWCCD, Carderock Div,DTMB, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Maidanik, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, NSWCCD, Carderock Div,DTMB, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD SEP 4 PY 2003 VL 266 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01390-1 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 713YK UT WOS:000184885400003 ER PT J AU Baker, LA Laracuente, A Whitman, LJ AF Baker, LA Laracuente, A Whitman, LJ TI Cu-induced nanostructures on Si(0011) as templates for nanocrystal growth. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lane.baker@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 128-COLL BP U368 EP U368 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401724 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JW Pehrsson, PE AF Baldwin, JW Pehrsson, PE TI Dielectrophoretic orientation and assembly of nanofilaments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baldw004@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 435-ORGN BP U186 EP U186 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500913 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Ringeisen, BR Spargo, B AF Barron, JA Ringeisen, BR Spargo, B TI Laser forward transfer of biomaterials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbarron@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 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PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 112-PMSE BP U475 EP U475 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502448 ER PT J AU Carruthers, G AF Carruthers, G TI Molecular hydrogen in interstellar space. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gcarruthers@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 007-SOCED BP U31 EP U31 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400045 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H TI Quantum dot bioconjugates as energy donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aclapp@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 208-PMSE BP U490 EP U490 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502543 ER PT J AU Clark, TD Baker, LA Whitman, LJ AF Clark, TD Baker, LA Whitman, LJ TI Bis(alkanethiol) lipid analogues for formation of self-assembled monolayers on metal surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.clark@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 136-COLL BP U369 EP U369 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401732 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q AF Collins, GE Lu, Q TI Microchip analysis of toxic metal ions in support of DoE's EMSP. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA. US Pharmacopeia, Res & Dev Lab, Rockville, MD USA. EM greg.collins@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 79-NUCL BP U86 EP U86 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500450 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ Brandow, SL Chen, MS Schull, TL AF Dressick, WJ Brandow, SL Chen, MS Schull, TL TI Patterning and selective metallization of polymer films bearing chloromethylphenyl groups. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 283-PMSE BP U502 EP U503 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502618 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ Price, RR Singh, A AF Dressick, WJ Price, RR Singh, A TI Fabrication of nanoscale metallic spirals using polyelectrolyte/lipid microtubule templates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 114-PMSE BP U475 EP U475 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502450 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Awad, W Sutto, TE Gilman, JW Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, DM Awad, W Sutto, TE Gilman, JW Trulove, PC De Long, HC TI Thermal and kinetic studies of tri-alkyl-imidizaolium salts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Mat Fire Res Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM dmfox@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 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US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US Dept Energy EH, Washington, DC USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM cvg@eml.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 7-NUCL BP U73 EP U73 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500378 ER PT J AU Hao, JT Boyles, DA Bendler, JT AF Hao, JT Boyles, DA Bendler, JT TI Synthesis of asymmetric bisphenol monomers with biphenyl groups by the Suzuki reaction of bis(4-benzyloxyphenyl)borinic acid in aqueous solvents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 368-ORGN BP U173 EP U174 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500846 ER PT J AU Hao, JT Boyles, DA Bendler, JT AF Hao, JT Boyles, DA Bendler, JT TI Synthesis of novel ether, ketone, sulfone-linked biphenyl monomers by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 365-ORGN BP U173 EP U173 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500843 ER PT J AU Jang, BB Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH AF Jang, BB Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Novel asymmetric pentacene derivative for organic light-emitting diodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bobin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 430-ORGN BP U185 EP U185 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500908 ER PT J AU Jensen, SD Lloyd, CT Stalick, WM Wynne, JH AF Jensen, SD Lloyd, CT Stalick, WM Wynne, JH TI Design, preparation and comparison of potential cardiovascular agents and 5-HT3 antagonists. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sjensen2@gmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 145-MEDI BP U26 EP U27 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500145 ER PT J AU Kimura-Suda, H Petrovykh, DY Whitman, LJ Tarlov, MJ AF Kimura-Suda, H Petrovykh, DY Whitman, LJ Tarlov, MJ TI Base-dependent affinity of DNA oligonucleoties for gold surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM hiromi.suda@nist.gov RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 022-COLL BP U351 EP U351 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401618 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Jang, BB Kafafi, ZH AF Lee, SH Jang, BB Kafafi, ZH TI Novel asymmetric spirosilafluorene derivatives for organic light-emitting diodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sangho@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 314-ORGN BP U164 EP U164 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062500792 ER PT J AU McClean, RE Norris, L AF McClean, RE Norris, L TI Fe+SO2: Kinetic and DFT study. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mcclean@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 266-PHYS BP U309 EP U309 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501552 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H Clapp, AR Goldman, ER Mauro, JM AF Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H Clapp, AR Goldman, ER Mauro, JM TI Prototype quantum dot FRET-based nanoscale biosensor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lmedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 141-PMSE BP U479 EP U480 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502477 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Hughes, JM TI Soybean fuel liquids as blending stocks for petroleum middle distillate fuel. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 122-IEC BP U633 EP U633 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403033 ER PT J AU Peng, ZH Pan, YC Melinger, JS AF Peng, ZH Pan, YC Melinger, JS TI Functional dendrimers based on unsymmetrical branching. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812, Washington, DC USA. EM pengz@umkc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 379-POLY BP U413 EP U413 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502146 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Stux, AJ Compton, RS Meyer, GJ Rolison, DR AF Pietron, JJ Stux, AJ Compton, RS Meyer, GJ Rolison, DR TI TiO2 aerogel: Re-wiring and re-plumbing of dye-sensitized photovoltaics on the nanoscale. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jpietron@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 377-INOR BP U731 EP U731 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403487 ER PT J AU Pollack, SK AF Pollack, SK TI Screening tools for the design of molecular diodes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steven.Pollack@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 110-COMP BP U440 EP U440 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062402058 ER PT J AU Ratna, BR Selinger, JV Naciri, J Srinivasan, A Kim, J AF Ratna, BR Selinger, JV Naciri, J Srinivasan, A Kim, J TI Nematic-isotropic transition in liquid crystalline elastomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ratna@nrl.navy.mil RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 70-PHYS BP U281 EP U281 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501358 ER PT J AU Russell, JN Schwartz, MP Barlow, DE Butler, JE D'Evelyn, MP Hamers, HJ AF Russell, JN Schwartz, MP Barlow, DE Butler, JE D'Evelyn, MP Hamers, HJ TI Organic reactions on diamond (100)-2x1. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Russell2@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 055-COLL BP U356 EP U356 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062401651 ER PT J AU Sandrock, ML Shirk, JS Tai, HW Ranade, A Wiggins, M Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Sandrock, ML Shirk, JS Tai, HW Ranade, A Wiggins, M Baer, E Hiltner, A TI Tunable refractive index nanolayered polymer systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM sandrock@tantalus.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 147-PMSE BP U480 EP U481 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502482 ER PT J AU Schull, TL AF Schull, TL TI Platinum(II) acetylides as building blocks for molecular electronic devices. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schull@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 349-INOR BP U726 EP U726 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403459 ER PT J AU Simonson, DL Houser, EJ Stepnowski, JL Pu, L McGill, RA AF Simonson, DL Houser, EJ Stepnowski, JL Pu, L McGill, RA TI Hyperbranched hydrogen bond acidic polycarbosilanes for chemical sensor applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM simonson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 497-PMSE BP U536 EP U536 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502830 ER PT J AU Simonson, DL McGill, RA Houser, EJ George, C AF Simonson, DL McGill, RA Houser, EJ George, C TI Reactions of hexafluoroisopropanol substituted model compounds for chemoselective sensors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simonson@ccs.nrl.navy.nil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 299-PMSE BP U505 EP U505 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502634 ER PT J AU Singh, A Lee, Y AF Singh, A Lee, Y TI Efficient incorporation of organophosphorus hydrolase in polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 54-PMSE BP U466 EP U466 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502391 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Ratna, BR AF Soto, CM Ratna, BR TI Multivalent mesoscale structures using DNA as a molecular glue. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cms@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 150-PHYS BP U292 EP U292 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501438 ER PT J AU Spector, MS Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA AF Spector, MS Burleigh, MC Markowitz, MA TI Nanoporous organosilicas from liquid crystal templates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spector@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 26-PMSE BP U462 EP U462 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502363 ER PT J AU Trulove, PC Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Sutto, TE Fox, DM Maupin, PH De Long, HC AF Trulove, PC Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Sutto, TE Fox, DM Maupin, PH De Long, HC TI The application of trialkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids and salts to the preparation of polymer clay nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 089-IEC BP U628 EP U628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062403000 ER PT J AU Evans, RN Gilardi, R Emrick, T AF Evans, RN Gilardi, R Emrick, T TI 1-(p-biphenyl)-4 '-(2-naphthyl)cubane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB In the title compound, C30H22, the biphenyl and naphthyl substituents are each planar to within 0.03 Angstrom. They extend from the cubane like the wings of a butterfly, with a slight dihedral angle of 9.4 (2)degrees between their planes. In the crystal structure, the naphthyl groups form close-packed stacks, with cubyls and biphenyls extending alternately to the right and the left. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1283 EP O1285 DI 10.1107/S160053803017483 PN 9 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 716UF UT WOS:000185047100070 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Evans, RN AF Gilardi, R Evans, RN TI 2-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB The title compound, C4H4N4O4, is a stable energetic compound suitable for use as a propellant ingredient. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, which differ in their nitro group out-of-plane torsion values. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1349 EP O1350 DI 10.1107/S160053680301701X PN 9 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 716UF UT WOS:000185047100095 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Dave, PR Evansa, RN AF Gilardi, R Dave, PR Evansa, RN TI 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-5-methylene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-pyrim idine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title molecule, C17H16F2N2O4S2, contains a diazacyclohexane ring with fluorobenzenesulfonamide groups, and an exocyclic double bond. This polyamine ring was synthesized to be a precursor for novel energetic analogs of 1,3,5-trinitrotriazacyclohexane (RDX), from a complex condensation reaction. The structure contains several weak intermolecular and intramolecular C-H...O contacts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ardec, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1286 EP O1287 DI 10.1107/S1600536803017021 PN 9 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 716UF UT WOS:000185047100071 ER PT J AU Gunawan, S Azarm, S Wu, J Boyars, A AF Gunawan, S Azarm, S Wu, J Boyars, A TI Quality-assisted multi-objective multidisciplinary genetic algorithms SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DESIGN OPTIMIZATION AB A new method is presented to solve multi-objective multidisciplinary optimization (M-MDO) problems. This M-MDO method is applicable to multi-objective optimization problems that can be decomposed hierarchically into multi-objective subproblems and whose objective functions are either separable or additively separable. In the decomposition, the subproblems may have both common and unique objectives. The method uses a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to optimize the multi-objective subproblems; hence, it is referred to as a multi-objective multidisciplinary genetic algorithm (M-MGA). It is shown that for any Pareto point of the original (single-level) problem, M-MGA generates at least one point that is noninferior with respect to that Pareto point. Also a comparison is shown between the computational complexity of M-MGA and a single-level MOGA in terms of number of functions calls. The M-MGA is demonstrated by two engineering examples: the design of a speed reducer and the design of a payload for an undersea autonomous vehicle. In both examples, the generated solutions are similar to solutions generated by solving the examples as single-level problems. M-MGA produces relatively the same solutions from one M-MGA run to another. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Underwater Div, Weap Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gunawan, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1752 EP 1762 DI 10.2514/2.7293 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 716CF UT WOS:000185010700013 ER PT J AU Turnbull, DA Sanghera, JS Nguyen, NQ Aggarwal, ID AF Turnbull, DA Sanghera, JS Nguyen, NQ Aggarwal, ID TI Photolithographic fabrication of waveguides SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; FILMS AB The manufacture of planar optical structures has been intensively researched, which has resulted in the development of many photonic devices, such as waveguides, splitters and switches.(1) Structures based on the SiO2 materials system have been a particular focus, because they are transparent in the same wavelength ranges as common SiO2 fibers and benefit from the mature fabrication technologies developed in the semiconductor industry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turnbull, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 9 BP 9401 EP 9406 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 739DZ UT WOS:000186328200004 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Gray, GC Weir, JC Heller, JM Ryan, MAK AF Smith, TC Gray, GC Weir, JC Heller, JM Ryan, MAK TI Gulf War veterans and Iraqi nerve agents at Khamisiyah: Postwar hospitalization data revisited SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure; environmental; exposure; occupational; hospitalization; military medicine; morbidity; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; US VETERANS; HEALTH-STATUS; ILLNESS; EXPOSURE; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY; SERVICE; TIME AB Chemical warfare agents were demolished by US soldiers at Khamisiyah, Iraq, in March 1991. The authors investigated postwar morbidity for Gulf War veterans, contrasting those who may have been exposed to low gaseous levels of nerve agents and those unlikely to have been exposed. Cox regression modeling was performed for hospitalizations from all causes and hospitalizations from diagnoses within 15 categories during the period March 10, 1991, through December 31, 2000, for the duration of active-duty status. After adjustment for all variables in the model, only two of 37 models suggested that personnel possibly exposed to subclinical doses of nerve agents might be at increased risk for hospitalization from circulatory diseases, specifically cardiac dysrhythmias. Of the 724 hospitalizations for cardiac dysrhythmias, 203 were in the potentially exposed group, slightly higher than expected (risk ratio=1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.44). The increase was small in comparison with potential observational variability, but the findings are provocative and warrant further evaluation. Veterans possibly exposed to nerve agents released by the Khamisiyah demolition were not found to be at increased risk for hospitalizations from any other chronic diseases nearly 10 years after the Gulf War. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. USA, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 5 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg178 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716QX UT WOS:000185040800010 PM 12936901 ER PT J AU Rexroad, JT Moser, RP Georgia, JD AF Rexroad, JT Moser, RP Georgia, JD TI "Fish" or "fish mouth" vertebrae? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Ctr Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rexroad, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 181 IS 3 BP 886 EP 887 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 713MH UT WOS:000184861600065 PM 12933500 ER PT J AU Baird, JK AF Baird, JK TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 234 EP 235 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 730NP UT WOS:000185837100005 PM 14628934 ER PT J AU Krisin Basri, H Fryauff, DJ Barcus, MJ Bangs, MJ Ayomi, E Marwoto, H Elyazar, IRF Richie, TL Baird, JK AF Krisin Basri, H Fryauff, DJ Barcus, MJ Bangs, MJ Ayomi, E Marwoto, H Elyazar, IRF Richie, TL Baird, JK TI Malaria in a cohort of Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ANOPHELES-PUNCTULATUS COMPLEX; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IRIAN-JAYA; DOUBLE-BLIND; PROPHYLAXIS; AGE; PRIMAQUINE; EXPOSURE; GUINEA AB The epidemiology of infection by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax was investigated among Javanese migrants to an endemic region of Papua, Indonesia. A cohort of 243 migrants from Java was followed for malaria in a new settlement village in the endemic Armopa area of north-eastern Papua, beginning on the day each migrant arrived in the village. The subjects were monitored during home visits (three/week) and by the twice-monthly production of bloodsmears that were checked for malarial parasites. At the end of 33 months, 159 (65%) of the subjects remained under follow-up. The prevalence of parasitaemia in the village declined from 16% among those already living there when the study began in August 1996, to 5% when the study finished in June 1999. Over this period, 596 infections by P. falciparum and 723 by P. vivax occurred in the cohort, 22 and 27 of the subjects each experiencing at least six infections by P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. The incidence of malarial infection was higher during the first and second years post-migration (3.2 and 2.7 infections/person-year) than during the third (1.2 infections/person-year). Although the geometric mean parasite counts for P. falciparum increased over time (1209, 1478, and 1830 parasites/mul in the first, second and third years, respectively), the corresponding values for P. vivax (497, 535 and 490 parasites/mul) showed no such trend. Only one of the nine subjects who developed severe malaria (requiring intravenous quinine therapy) was a child, giving an odds ratio for a case of severe malaria being in an adult of 6.1 (P = 0.08). C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, FPO, AP 96520 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Papua Prov Hlth Serv, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Indonesian Minist Hlth Inst Hlth Res & Dev LITBAN, Dept Kesehatan, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 97 IS 6 BP 543 EP 556 DI 10.1179/000349803225001454 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 718HW UT WOS:000185139900001 PM 14511552 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Krisin Barcus, MJ Elyazar, IRF Bangs, MJ Maguire, JD Fryauff, DJ Richie, TL Sekartuti Kalalo, W AF Baird, JK Krisin Barcus, MJ Elyazar, IRF Bangs, MJ Maguire, JD Fryauff, DJ Richie, TL Sekartuti Kalalo, W TI Onset of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum among Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; ENDEMIC MALARIA; GAMMA-GLOBULIN; AGE; INFECTION; PROTECTION; EXPOSURE; THERAPY; AFRICAN; ADULT AB Onset of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum occurred among Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua. Surveillance of the 243 migrants investigated began on the day of their arrival in Indonesian Papua and continued for 33 months. Asexual parasitaemia without fever constituted objective evidence of clinical immunity. Compared with first infection, the odds ratio (OR) for not having fever at the fourth infection within 24 months was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-10.2; P = 0.02]. The corresponding OR with fewer infections within 24 months was not distinguishable from 1.0. The level of the fourth parasitaemia within 24 months (N = 58) was classified as 'high' or 'low' in relation to the median count at first infection (840 parasites/mul; N = 187). Fourth parasitaemias that were low - but not those that were high (OR = 1.8; CI - 0.6-5.4; P = 0.35) - were associated with dramatic protection from fever (OR = 31; CI = 3.5-1348; P=0.0001). Among the adult subjects, the risk of fever with low parasitaemia was significantly higher at the first infection than at the fourth (OR = 12.6; Cl = 1.7-530; P = 0.005), indicating the development of clinical immunity. A similar but less marked pattern appeared among the children investigated (OR = 6.5; CI = 0.8-285;P = 0.06). C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, FPO, AP 96520 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Res, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. Papua Prov Hlth Serv, Papua, Indonesia. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 97 IS 6 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1179/000349803225001472 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 718HW UT WOS:000185139900002 PM 14511553 ER PT J AU Barcus, MJ Krisin Elyazar, IRF Marwoto, H Richie, TL Basri, H Wiady, I Fryauff, DJ Maguire, JD Bangs, MJ Baird, JK AF Barcus, MJ Krisin Elyazar, IRF Marwoto, H Richie, TL Basri, H Wiady, I Fryauff, DJ Maguire, JD Bangs, MJ Baird, JK TI Primary infection by Plasmodium falciparum or P-vivax in a cohort of Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; IRIAN-JAYA; MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS; ENDEMIC MALARIA; DOUBLE-BLIND; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION; SPOROZOITES; PRIMAQUINE; EXPOSURE AB The clinical and parasitological characteristics of the first naturally acquired malarial infection have rarely been documented in humans. When 243 migrants from non-endemic Java were followed from the day of their arrival in Indonesian Papua, 217 (89%) were found to become infected with Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax before they were lost to follow-up. The incidence of malarial infection in the children investigated (who were aged 6-10 years) was indistinguishable from that in the adults (aged > 20 years), with 1.10 and 1.14 P. falciparum infections/person-year (relative risk = 0.97; 95% confidence interval = 0.72-1.29) and 1.47 and 1.49 P. vivax infections/person-year (relative risk = 0.99; 95% confidence interval = 0.72-1.29), respectively. During their first infections, the children had higher P. falciparum parasitaemias than the adults (with geometric means of 1318 and 759 parasites/mul, respectively; P = 0.04) but similar P. vivax parasitaemias (with geometric means of 355 and 331 parasites/mul, respectively; P = 0.76). At first infection, 56% of the subjects were febrile and 90% complained of symptoms. There were no differences between children and adults with respect to these two parameters, either for P. falciparum or P. vivax. These findings indicate that, with promptly diagnosed and treated uncomplicated malaria, migrant children and adults in north-eastern Indonesian Papua have an equal risk of malarial infection and of disease following their first infections with P. falciparum and P. vivax. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Indonesian Minist Hlth Inst Hlth Res & Dev LITBAN, Dept Kesehatan, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 97 IS 6 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1179/000349803225001463 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 718HW UT WOS:000185139900003 PM 14511554 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD AF Seltzer, MD TI Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement of isotope ratios in depleted uranium contaminated soils SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; isotope ratios; depleted uranium ID LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES; ICP-MS; DEAD-TIME; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; KOSOVO; URINE; ULTRATRACE AB Laser ablation of pressed soil pellets was examined as a means of direct sample introduction to enable inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) screening of soils for residual depleted uranium (DU) contamination. Differentiation between depleted uranium, an anthropogenic contaminant, and naturally occurring uranium was accomplished on the basis of measured (UPU)-U-235-U-238 isotope ratios. The amount of sample preparation required for laser ablation is considerably less than that typically required for aqueous sample introduction. The amount of hazardous laboratory waste generated is diminished accordingly. During the present investigation, U-235/U-238 isotope ratios measured for field samples were in good agreement with those derived from gamma spectrometry measurements. However, substantial compensation was required to mitigate the effects of impaired pulse counting attributed to sample inhomogeneity and sporadic introduction of uranium analyte into the plasma. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1173 EP 1177 DI 10.1366/00037020360696053 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 720RR UT WOS:000185274200018 PM 14611049 ER PT J AU Ferioli, F Puzinauskas, PV Buckley, SG AF Ferioli, F Puzinauskas, PV Buckley, SG TI Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for on-line engine equivalence ratio measurements SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; LASS; spark spectroscopy; engine measurements; equivalence ratio ID SPECTROMETRY; SPARK; AIR AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to measure the equivalence ratio of a spark-ignited engine in a laboratory setting. Spectral features of C (711.3 nm), 0 (776.6 nm), N (746.3 and 743.8 nm), and CN (broad emission 707-734 nm) were used to quantify the equivalence ratio over a range from Phi = 0.8 to Phi = 1.2. The C/N and C/O peak ratios were found to be successful measurement metrics, compared with a standard exhaust gas oxygen analyzer, for averaged measurements. Some variation in the measurements was observed as a function of engine load. Single-shot data based on a CN/air peak ratio were evaluated using a separate calibration from averaged measurements, and the average of the single-shot data was found to agree well with the exhaust gas oxygen analyzer. The scatter in the single-shot data was substantially higher at lower equivalence ratios. The measurements including the CN peak were slightly sensitive to load, possibly due to pressure changes in the sample as the load increases, or possibly due to changes in the particle size distribution in the gas stream. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buckley, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 20 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1183 EP 1189 DI 10.1366/00037020360696071 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 720RR UT WOS:000185274200020 PM 14611051 ER PT J AU James, NT Miller, CW Brown, K AF James, NT Miller, CW Brown, K TI Pain disability among older adults with arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 USN, COMNAVMETOCCOM, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. UAB, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 1050 BP S422 EP S422 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432801094 ER PT J AU Enad, JG Kharrazi, FD ElAttrache, NS Yocum, LA AF Enad, JG Kharrazi, FD ElAttrache, NS Yocum, LA TI Electrothermal capsulorrhaphy in glenohumeral instability without Bankart tear SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE electrothermal; capsulorrhaphy; shoulder instability; Bankart ID ANTERIOR SHOULDER DISLOCATIONS; NONABLATIVE LASER ENERGY; INFERIOR CAPSULAR SHIFT; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; THERMAL CAPSULORRHAPHY; SUTURE REPAIR; ASSISTED CAPSULORRHAPHY; ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; JOINT CAPSULE; STABILIZATION AB Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the clinical results of electrothermal capsulorrhaphy (ETC) performed on 23 patients for the treatment of glenohumeral instability at an minimum follow-up of 2 years. Type of Study: Retrospective case series. Methods: Twenty-six patients with symptomatic unidirectional or multidirectional glenohumeral instability without Bankart tear were treated with ETC using a radiofrequency probe. No labral repairs were performed. A standard postoperative rehabilitation protocol was followed. Patients were evaluated with respect to motion, direction of instability, need for repeat surgery, return to overhand sports, and symptoms of pain and instability using various scores. Results: Twenty-three patients were available for follow-up evaluation at an average of 30 months. The overall average ASES and Rowe scores were 84.2 and 79.3, respectively. Recurrent instability requiring an open stabilization procedure occurred in 4 patients (17%), 2 with anterior and 2 with multidirectional instability. Seven of 14 overhead athletes (50%) reported inability to return to their previous level. According to Rowe scores, overall results were 11 excellent, 5 good, 4 fair, and 3 poor. No postoperative nerve complications occurred. Conclusions: The ETC procedure was safely performed to treat glenohumeral instability without Bankart lesions. The recurrence rate is similar to that for other arthroscopic procedures but higher than for open surgery. In the absence of Bankart tear, patients with multidirectional instability and overhand athletes may require something other than an isolated ETC procedure to address instability. Longterm results of ETC are needed to better define its surgical indications. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Kerlan Jobe Orthopaed Clin, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 7 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1016/S0749-8063(03)00683-2 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 720DE UT WOS:000185245600009 PM 12966382 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Fontbote, CA Harner, CD AF Sekiya, JK Fontbote, CA Harner, CD TI Arthroscopically assisted retrograde fixation of patellar osteochondritis dissecans using fluoroscopic guidance: A case report and technical note SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE osteochondritis dissecans; OCD; patella; chondral; patellofemoral; knee AB Osteochondritis dissecans of the patella is a relatively rare condition. Treatment recommendations vary significantly from nonoperative treatment to surgical intervention. Surgical management varies from excision of the lesion to a variety of methods of stabilization. We present a case of patellar osteochondritis dissecans successfully treated with arthroscopically assisted retrograde fixation using fluoroscopic guidance. This surgical technique, which we describe in detail, avoids articular cartilage penetration and the need for an arthrotomy and allows for compression of the lesion with the hardware oriented perpendicular to the defect. It uses both fluoroscopic and arthroscopic imaging techniques for reduction and fixation. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Blue Cross Western Penn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Sports Med Inst, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 7 AR E59 DI 10.1016/S0749-8063(03)00686-8 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 720DE UT WOS:000185245600019 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Fraser, O Silvestri, N Henden, A Anderson, SF Frith, J Lawton, B Owens, E Raymond, S Schmidt, G Wolfe, M Bochanski, J Covey, K Harris, H Hawley, S Knapp, GR Margon, B Voges, W Walkowicz, L Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ AF Szkody, P Fraser, O Silvestri, N Henden, A Anderson, SF Frith, J Lawton, B Owens, E Raymond, S Schmidt, G Wolfe, M Bochanski, J Covey, K Harris, H Hawley, S Knapp, GR Margon, B Voges, W Walkowicz, L Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ TI Cataclysmic variables from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. The second year SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; techniques : photometric; techniques : spectroscopic ID ORBITAL PERIOD; SPECTRAL TYPES; SYSTEM; CANDIDATES; BINARIES; CATALOG; OBJECTS; STAR AB The first full year of operation following the commissioning year of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has revealed a wide variety of newly discovered cataclysmic variables (CVs). We show the SDSS spectra of 42 CVs observed in 2002, of which 35 are new classifications, four are known dwarf novae (CT Hya, RZ Leo, T Leo, and BZ UMa), one is a known CV identified from a previous quasar survey (Aqr1), and two are known ROSAT or FIRST discovered CVs (RX J09445+0357, FIRST J102347.6+003841). The SDSS positions, colors, and spectra of all 42 systems are presented. In addition, the results of follow-up studies of several of these objects identify the orbital periods, velocity curves, and polarization that provide the system geometry and accretion properties. While most of the SDSS discovered systems are faint (greater than 18th magnitude) with low accretion rates (as implied from their spectral characteristics), there are also a few bright objects that may have escaped previous surveys due to changes in the mass transfer rate. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 30 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 126 IS 3 BP 1499 EP 1514 DI 10.1086/377346 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 718EJ UT WOS:000185131900028 ER PT J AU Nord, ME Brogan, CL Hyman, SD Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE LaRosa, TN Anantharamaiah, K Duric, N AF Nord, Michael E. Brogan, Crystal L. Hyman, Scott D. Lazio, T. Joseph W. Kassim, Namir E. LaRosa, T. N. Anantharamaiah, K. Duric, Neboja TI High Resolution, High Sensitivity Imaging of the Galactic Center at 330 MHz. SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Galactic Center; Low Radio Frequencies; Sgr A*; Non-Thermal Sources; Wide-field Imaging AB We present results derived from a wide field, sub-arcminute resolution VLA image of the Galactic Center region at 330 MHz (lambda = 90 cm). With a resolution of similar to 7 '' x 12 '' and an rms noise of 1.6 mJy beam(-1), this image represents a significant increase in resolution and sensitivity over the previously published VLA image at this frequency (eg. LaRosa et al. 2000). The improvement in sensitivity has significantly increased the census of small diameter sources in the region, resulted in the detection of two new Non-Thermal Filaments (NTFs) and 18 new NTF candidates, and resulted in the lowest frequency (tentative) detection of Sgr A*. C1 [Nord, Michael E.; Lazio, T. Joseph W.; Kassim, Namir E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nord, Michael E.; Duric, Neboja] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brogan, Crystal L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hyman, Scott D.] Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. [LaRosa, T. N.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Anantharamaiah, K.] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. RP Nord, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Michael.Nord@nrl.navy.mil RI M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 324 SU 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1002/asna.200385077 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V23UK UT WOS:000208367500002 ER PT J AU Brogan, CL Nord, M Kassim, N Lazio, J Anantharamaiah, K AF Brogan, C. L. Nord, M. Kassim, N. Lazio, J. Anantharamaiah, K. TI Spatially Resolved Very Large Array 74 MHz Observations Toward the Galactic Center SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Cosmic Rays; Galactic Center; H II regions; Supernova Remnants AB We present the highest resolution and sensitivity low frequency image (< 300 MHz) of the Galactic center to date using the Very Large Array at 74 MHz in its A, B, C, & D configurations. The resulting images have a resolution of 2.1' x 1.2' and a dynamic range of similar to 400. From this data we have been able to identify a region of enhanced 74 MHz emission about 5 degrees in extent that is coincident with the high density molecular gas surrounding the Galactic center known as the Central Molecular Zone. In addition to giving an unprecedented view of the extended nonthermal emission surrounding the Galactic center, the 74 MHz image shows deep free-free absorption across the Galactic center itself, as well as, part of the Galactic center radio lobe, and a number of H II regions in the field. This absorption is due to ionized thermal gas in front of, or in some cases embedded in, the nonthermal Galactic center (GC) emission. Such absorption allows us to unambiguously place some of the H II regions in the direction of the GC along the line of sight for the first time. The morphology, nature, and relationship to the Galactic center of the 74 MHz absorption and emission is discussed. C1 [Brogan, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Nord, M.; Kassim, N.; Lazio, J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Anantharamaiah, K.] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM cbrogan@aoc.nrao.edu RI M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 324 SU 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1002/asna.200385023 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V23UK UT WOS:000208367500003 ER PT J AU Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Nord, M Hyman, SD Brogan, CL LaRosa, TN Duric, N AF Kassim, N. E. Lazio, T. J. W. Nord, M. Hyman, S. D. Brogan, C. L. LaRosa, T. N. Duric, N. TI Prospects for LOFAR Observations of the Galactic Center SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE LOFAR; low radio frequencies; Galactic center; nonthermal radio emission; transients; cosmic rays AB Continued improvements in existing low frequency radio interferometers are expected, but limits of sensitivity, angular resolution, and frequency range impose fundamental restrictions which cannot easily be overcome. This has inspired the development of the Low Frequency ARray (LOFAR) which will provide significantly increased imaging power over present low frequency systems. In light of advantages offered by recent low frequency observations of the Galactic center, we consider how LOFAR might impact the field by the end of this decade. C1 [Kassim, N. E.; Lazio, T. J. W.; Nord, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nord, M.; Duric, N.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hyman, S. D.] Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. [Brogan, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [LaRosa, T. N.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Kassim, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Namir.Kassim@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 324 SU 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1002/asna.200385063 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V23UK UT WOS:000208367500010 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Nord, ME Neureuther, JL AF Hyman, Scott D. Lazio, T. Joseph W. Kassim, Namir E. Nord, Michael E. Neureuther, Jennifer L. TI A Search for Radio Transients at 0.33 GHz in the GC SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE radio transients; low radio frequencies; Galactic center AB We report on a search for transient and variable radio sources in the Galactic center using a number of 327 MHz VLA observations made during the 1990's, and a series of monthly VLA observations made during Spring and Summer 2002. A typical yield of compact sources in a given epoch is roughly 200. We have detected one new bright radio transient, GCRT J1746-2757, located only 1.1 degrees north of the Galactic center. We discuss our on-going transient monitoring program and the implications of this work for constraining the Galactic center population of transients. C1 [Hyman, Scott D.; Neureuther, Jennifer L.] Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. [Lazio, T. Joseph W.; Kassim, Namir E.; Nord, Michael E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nord, Michael E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hyman, SD (reprint author), Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. EM shyman@sbc.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 324 SU 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1002/asna.200385028 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V23UK UT WOS:000208367500012 ER PT J AU LaRosa, TN Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Shore, SN Kassim, NE AF LaRosa, T. N. Nord, Michael E. Lazio, T. Joseph W. Shore, Steven N. Kassim, Namir E. TI The Galactic Center Nonthermal Filaments: Recent Observations and Theory SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Non-Thermal Filaments AB The large-scale topology and strength of the Galactic Center magnetic field have been inferred from radio imaging of the nonthermal filaments (NTFs). These objects, which seem to be unique to the Galactic center, are defined by extreme aspect ratios and a high degree of polarization. Recent high resolution, wide-field VLA imaging of the GC at 90 cm has revealed new candidate NTFs with a wide range of orientations relative to the Galactic plane. We present follow up 6 cm polarization observations of 6 of these candidates and confirm 4 as new NTFs. Together the new 90 and 6 cm results complicate the previous picture of largely perpendicular filaments that trace a globally ordered magnetic field. NTF observations in general do not rule out any particular models for the origin of the NTFs. Hence we explore the idea that the NTFs are local, individual structures: magnetic wakes generated through the interaction of molecular clouds with a Galactic Center wind. Numerical simulations of the evolution of a magnetized wake will be discussed and compared with NTF observations. C1 [LaRosa, T. N.] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Nord, Michael E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Nord, Michael E.; Lazio, T. Joseph W.; Kassim, Namir E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shore, Steven N.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP LaRosa, TN (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. EM ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 324 SU 1 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1002/asna.200385066 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V23UK UT WOS:000208367500027 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Cordes, JM Lang, CC Gotthelf, EV Wang, QD AF Lazio, T. Joseph W. Cordes, James M. Lang, Cornelia C. Gotthelf, Eric V. Wang, Q. Daniel TI Radio Pulsars in the Galactic Center SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: nucleus; pulsars; scattering; supernovae AB Radio pulsars in the Galactic center would serve as useful probes of its magnetoionic medium, and possibly its spacetime structure. However, of the roughly 1200 known pulsars, no more than 1% are within 1 degrees of Sgr A* and none have distances consistent with being within or behind the Galactic center. This deficit of pulsars is due to interstellar scattering so severe as to smear together individual pulses. We are engaged in multiwavelength surveys of the GC to identify radio pulsars. Using the VLA at 1.4 GHz we are searching for compact radio sources, with the objective of finding sources on which a periodicity search can be conducted at frequencies high enough to defeat the interstellar pulse broadening (> 10 GHz). With the Chandra X-ray survey of the Galactic center, we have also discovered a number of X-ray point sources with radio counterparts that may be radio pulsars. Our current total census of promising radio pulsars candidates is roughly 10 sources. We are pursuing periodicity searches of these objects on the 100 m Efflesberg and Green Bank Telescopes. The number of candidates also allow us to constrain the supernova rate, and therefore star formation history, in the GC. C1 [Lazio, T. Joseph W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cordes, James M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cordes, James M.] Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lang, Cornelia C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gotthelf, Eric V.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Wang, Q. Daniel] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 324 SU 1 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1002/asna.200385106 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V23UK UT WOS:000208367500050 ER PT J AU Blanton, MR Hogg, D Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Eisenstein, D Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Lamb, DQ Lupton, RH Loveday, J Munn, JA Nichol, RC Okamura, S Schlegel, DJ Shimasaku, K Strauss, MA Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH AF Blanton, MR Hogg, D Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Eisenstein, D Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Lamb, DQ Lupton, RH Loveday, J Munn, JA Nichol, RC Okamura, S Schlegel, DJ Shimasaku, K Strauss, MA Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH TI The broadband optical properties of galaxies with redshifts 0.02 z 0.22 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SPECTRAL-ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MORPHOLOGICAL SEGREGATION; MAGNITUDE RELATION; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; PHOTOMETRY; DENSITY AB Using photometry and spectroscopy of 183,487 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we present bivariate distributions of pairs of seven galaxy properties: four optical colors, surface brightness, radial profile shape as measured by the Sersic index, and absolute magnitude. In addition, we present the dependence of local galaxy density (smoothed on 8 h(-1) Mpc scales) on all of these properties. Several classic, well-known relations among galaxy properties are evident at extremely high signal-to-noise ratio: the color-color relations of galaxies, the color-magnitude relations, the magnitude-surface brightness relation, and the dependence of density on color and absolute magnitude. We show that most of the i-band luminosity density in the universe is in the absolute magnitude and surface brightness ranges used: - 23.5 < M-0,M-1i < - 17.0 mag and 17 < mu(0.1i) < 24 mag in 1 arcsec(2) [ the notation (z)b represents the b band shifted blueward by a factor (1 + z)]. Some of the relationships between parameters, in particular the color-magnitude relations, show stronger correlations for exponential galaxies and concentrated galaxies taken separately than for all galaxies taken together. We provide a simple set of fits of the dependence of galaxy properties on luminosity for these two sets of galaxies and other quantitative details of our results. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 71 TC 464 Z9 471 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 594 IS 1 BP 186 EP 207 DI 10.1086/375528 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717KJ UT WOS:000185087400016 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA AF Bhatia, AK Doschek, GA TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Fe XVII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; X-RAY-LINES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; RESONANCE LINES; CROSS-SECTIONS; RATIOS; PLASMAS; IONS AB Electron impact collision strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Fe XVII. The data pertain to the 73 levels of the configurations, 2s(2)2p(6), 2s(2)2p(5)3s, 2s(2)2p(5)3p 2s(2)2p(5)3d, 2s2p(6)3s, 2s2p(6)3p, 2s2p(6)3d, 2s(2)2p(5)4s, 2s(2)2p(5)4p, 2s(2)2p(5)4d, 2s2p(6)4s, 2s2p(6)4p, and 2s2p(6)4d. Collision strengths are calculated at 11 incident electron energies: 58.5, 65.0, 70.0, 76.0, 85.0 127.51 170.0, 212.5, 255.0, 340.0, and 425.0 Ry. This work is an improvement over our earlier work on Fe XVII in two respects: (1) configurations involving 4s, 4p, and 4d electrons have been added and (2) a broader range of incident electron energies is used in the computation of collision strengths and excitation rate coefficients. Relative spectral line intensities are calculated for astrophysically important transitions. These are obtained by computing the excitation rate coefficients (cm(3) s(-1)), i.e., the collision strengths integrated over a Maxwellian electron distribution, and then solving the equations of detailed balance for the populations of the 73 energy levels, assuming a collisional excitation model and an electron temperature of 4 x 10(6) K. This temperature is typical for Fe XVII when formed in equilibrium by collisional ionization and recombination. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative decay rates, level populations are computed for five electron densities and are given in this paper. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburst Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Astron & Solar Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburst Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD SEP PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0092-640X(02)00018-9 PG 45 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 722BT UT WOS:000185355800001 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, AK Landi, E TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for S IX SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA; EMISSION-LINES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RESONANCE LINES; IONIZED SULFUR; CROSS-SECTIONS; WAVELENGTHS; CHIANTI; IONS; ANGSTROMS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for the O-like ion S IX. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(4) 2s2p5, 2p(6), 2s(2)2p(3)3s, 2s(2)2p(3)3p, and 2s(2)2p(3)3d giving rise to 86 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 Ry. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution at several electron temperatures in the 5.6 less than or equal to log T-e (K) less than or equal to 6.2 range, where S IX is formed. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3). Relative spectral line intensities are calculated. Proton excitation rates among the lowest three levels have been included in the statistical equilibrium equations. The predicted S IX line intensities are compared with SUMER (SOHO) observations of the quiet Sun. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, ARTEP Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 681, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD SEP PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 169 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0092-640X(03)00057-3 PG 85 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 722BT UT WOS:000185355800005 ER PT J AU Steigleman, A Butler, F Chhoeu, A O'Malley, T Bower, E Giebner, S AF Steigleman, A Butler, F Chhoeu, A O'Malley, T Bower, E Giebner, S TI Optic neuropathy following an altitude exposure SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; NEURITIS SECONDARY; EXPERIENCE; TRIAL AB This case report describes a 20-yr-old man who presented with retro-orbital pain and blurred vision in his left eye 3 wk after an altitude exposure in a hypobaric chamber. He was found to have significant deficits in color vision and visual fields consistent with an optic neuropathy in his left eye. The patient was diagnosed with decompression sickness and treated with hyperbaric oxygen with a U.S. Navy Treatment Table VI. All signs and symptoms resolved with a single hyperbaric oxygen treatment but recurred. A head MRI revealed a left frontoethmoid sinus opacity. A concomitant sinusitis was diagnosed. The patient had full resolution of symptoms after a total of four hyperbaric oxygen treatments and antibiotic therapy at 6-wk follow-Lip. Although a para-infectious etiology for this patient's optic neuropathy cannot be excluded, his history of altitude exposure and significant, rapid response to hyperbaric oxygen treatment strongly implies decompression sickness in this case. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. USN, Special Warfare Command, Pensacola, FL USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. USN Hosp, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Steigleman, A (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 74 IS 9 BP 985 EP 989 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 719DT UT WOS:000185188900011 PM 14503679 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Lassman, ME Mauro, JM AF Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Lassman, ME Mauro, JM TI A fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor based on maltose binding protein SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYCLODEXTRIN; DESIGN; RECOGNITION; REVEALS; DONOR AB A fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) sensing system for maltose based on E. coli maltose binding protein (MBP) is demonstrated. The FRET donor portion of the sensing system consists of MBP modified with long wavelength-excitable cyanine dyes (Cy3 or Cy3.5). The novel acceptor portion of the sensor consists of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) modified with either the cyanine dye Cy5 or the dark quencher QSY9. Binding of the modified beta-CD to dye-conjugated MBP results in assembly of the FRET complex. Added maltose displaces the beta-CD-dye adduct and disrupts the FRET complex, resulting in a direct change in fluorescence of the donor moiety. In the use of these FRET pairs, MBP dissociation values for maltose were estimated (0.14-2.90 muM). Maltose limits of detection were in the 50-100 nm range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1021/bc020062+ PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 723XP UT WOS:000185457100008 PM 13129393 ER PT J AU Welsh, ER Price, RR AF Welsh, ER Price, RR TI Chitosan cross-linking with a water-soluble, blocked diisocyanate. 2. Solvates and hydrogels SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; CHITIN; MEMBRANES; POLYMER; GELS AB A water-soluble, blocked diisocyante was used to cross-link chitosan under various degrees of solvation, including hydration to form hydrogels. Thermal cross-linking of films cast from various amounts of organic cosolvents was found to increase with increased level of cosolvent up to a solvation level of 17% (w/w) and to be more efficient than for films prepared without cosolvent. Rheological studies revealed that gel modulus increased and gel time decreased with increasing cross-linker content and that gelation kinetics were consistent with a process having an activation energy of 103 kJ/mol. Swelling of hydrogels indicated that, even at high levels of hydration, the increased molecular mobility of reactants allowed for efficient network formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The extent of solvation via equilibrium swelling correlated well with degradative properties of chitosan networks in the presence of Chitinase (E. C. 3.2.1.14) from Streptomyces griseus with stability increasing with decreasing swelling (i.e., increased cross-linking). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Welsh, ER (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1361 DI 10.1021/bm034111c PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 722QE UT WOS:000185386900035 PM 12959606 ER PT J AU Leahy, JG Khalid, ZM Quintero, EJ Jones-Meehan, JM Heidelberg, JF Batchelor, PJ Colwell, RR AF Leahy, JG Khalid, ZM Quintero, EJ Jones-Meehan, JM Heidelberg, JF Batchelor, PJ Colwell, RR TI The concentrations of hexadecane and inorganic nutrients modulate the production of extracellular membrane-bound vesicles, soluble protein, and bioemulsifier by Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 and Acinetobacter sp strain HO1-N SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acinetobacter; alkane; bioemulsifier; emulsan; vesicle ID CALCOACETICUS RAG-1; ARTHROBACTER RAG-1; FATTY-ACIDS; HYDROCARBON; EMULSIFIER; EMULSAN; ADHERENCE; PARTITION; GROWTH AB In the present study, we addressed the possibility that the production of both bioemulsifiers and membrane-bound vesicles may be a common feature of the growth of Acinetobacter spp. on alkanes, and we determined the extent to which the release of extracellular products by these organisms is regulated by the concentrations of the alkane substrate and inorganic nutrients. To accomplish this objective, we grew Acinetobacter venetianus RAG-1 and Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N with different concentrations of nutrients and assayed for extracellular products. The results indicated that the release of vesicles, soluble protein, and bioemulsifier was promoted in various degrees by higher concentrations of hexadecane and inorganic nutrients, while the specific activities of the bioemulsifiers were enhanced with lower nutrient concentrations. Based on our findings, we propose that under conditions of nutrient excess, these strains produce membrane-bound vesicles to function in "luxury uptake" of the alkane substrate for delivery and storage in the form of inclusions. Under the same conditions, soluble bioemulsifier and protein may perform auxiliary roles in cell desorption and (or) alkane uptake. With low concentrations of nutrients, the decreased production of vesicles, protein, and bioemulsifier and the increased activity of the emulsifier may represent a mechanism for reducing biosynthetic demands and conserving cellular material. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Leahy, JG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RI Khalid, Zafar Mahmood/H-9702-2015; OI Heidelberg, John/0000-0003-0673-3224 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 9 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1139/W03-071 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 739VY UT WOS:000186368500005 PM 14608423 ER PT J AU Cavallaro, PV Johnson, ME Sadegh, AM AF Cavallaro, PV Johnson, ME Sadegh, AM TI Mechanics of plain-woven fabrics for inflated structures SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design and Manufacturing of Composites CY NOV 17-22, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID TEXTILE COMPOSITES; WEAVE; MODEL AB Pressurized fabric tubes, pressure-stabilized beams (known as air beams) and air-inflated structures are considered to be valuable technologies for lightweight, rapidly deployable structures. Design optimization of an inflated structure depends on a thorough understanding of woven fabric mechanics. In this paper the bending response of woven pressure-stabilized beams have been experimentally tested and analytically investigated. Additionally, the micromechanical effects of interacting tows have been studied through finite element models containing contact surfaces and nonlinear slip/stick conditions. Local unit cell models consisting of pairs of woven tows were created to characterize the effective constitutive relations. The material properties from the unit cell models were then used for the global continuum model subjected to 4-point flexure. An experimental set-up was designed and manufactured for testing of Vectran and PEN air beams. The air beam mid-span deflections were measured as functions of inflation pressure and bending load. Plots of the elastic and shear moduli with respect to the pressure and coefficient of friction have been generated. It was determined that the effective elastic and shear moduli were functions of inflation pressure, the material used and the geometry of the weave. It was shown that pneumatic or pressurized tube structures differ fundamentally from conventional metal structures. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Cavallaro, PV (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 61 IS 4 BP 375 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00054-0 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 693UY UT WOS:000183737800011 ER PT J AU Ballas, JA Brock, D Nevitt, J AF Ballas, JA Brock, D Nevitt, J TI Using audio to enhance information tasks SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Interface Design & Evaluat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ballas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Interface Design & Evaluat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ballas@itd.nrl.navy.mil; brock@itd.nri.navy.mil; jrn5a@virginia.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2003.1225863 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 714QG UT WOS:000184924500013 ER PT J AU Schiavetta, AM Harre, JG Wagner, E Simmons, M Raviprakash, K AF Schiavetta, AM Harre, JG Wagner, E Simmons, M Raviprakash, K TI Variable susceptibility of the owl monkey (Aotus nancymae) to four serotypes of dengue virus SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; WORLD MONKEYS; VACCINE; TRIVIRGATUS; PROTECTION; HEMATOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; FEVER AB The goal of this study was to determine, for each of four dengue serotypes, whether owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae) become viremic and develop antibody responses in patterns similar to those seen in humans and whether any behavioral parameters are reliably associated with immunologic responses. A secondary goal was to investigate effects of chronic blood sampling on hematologic parameters in this genus. We inoculated 20 owl monkeys with 2 x 10(4) plaque-forming units of one of four dengue serotypes. Blood samples ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 ml per animal were taken each day for 12 consecutive days after inoculation, as well as on days 21, 28, and 60 post-inoculation. The total amount of blood taken per monkey was 8.0 ml during the first 12 days and 9.5 ml during the first 30 days of the study (i.e., up to 17% total blood volume per week and up to 20% total blood volume per month). Detailed behavioral assessments of all animals were made twice daily on every day of sample collection. The dengue-1 group were viremic for an average of 3.75 days. Dengue-2, -3, and 4 groups had average viremias of 1.00, 1.25, and 1.33 days, respectively. All animals demonstrated appropriate antibody responses as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbency assay (ELISA). Animals tolerated repeated phlebotomy well, as all animals remained within clinically normal hematocrit (HCT) reference ranges, and no lasting effects on HCT occurred in any monkey. Final HCT for most animals was greater than 45% (mean final hematocrit, 45%). The maximum decrease in HCT ranged from 3.5 to 19 (mean, 8.9) percentage points. No consistent correlation of any behavioral disease parameters with viremia and antibody status was demonstrated, although overt illness did occur in two animals. Aotus can be an affordable and safe model for testing dengue vaccine efficacy; further testing with higher doses of dengue-2, -3 and 4 viruses is warranted. C1 USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schiavetta, AM (reprint author), USN, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 5 BP 12 EP 20 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 728CU UT WOS:000185698300003 PM 14510518 ER PT J AU Lohrenz, SE Carroll, CL Weidemann, AD Tuel, M AF Lohrenz, SE Carroll, CL Weidemann, AD Tuel, M TI Variations in phytoplankton pigments, size structure and community composition related to wind forcing and water mass properties on the North Carolina inner shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; size structure; pigments; estuarine plumes; inner shelf; Chesapeake Bay ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; CHESAPEAKE BAY PLUME; GULF-STREAM WATER; CAPE-HATTERAS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; HPLC MEASUREMENTS; CLASS ABUNDANCES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; COASTAL; DIVERSITY AB Variations in phytoplankton pigments, size structure and community composition were examined in inner shelf waters off North Carolina in relationship to water mass properties subject to the influence of low salinity outflow from the Chesapeake Bay, alternations in wind forcing and interactions with shelf water masses. Observations were made aboard the R/V Edwin Link during May 1997. Episodes of upwelling-favorable conditions were accompanied by detachment of the low salinity outflow plume from the coast, and enhanced dispersion and mixing with shelf waters. Distinct water masses were identified using cluster analysis of temperature-salinity (T-S) properties. Two major clusters, distinguished on the basis of relatively high and low salinities, were identified as ambient coastal water (A) and modified bay water (B). Each of these could be further separated into two water mass types characterized by relatively high and low temperatures. The pigment and taxonomic composition of these water masses were examined. The carotenoid fucoxanthin was generally the most abundant accessory pigment. Zeaxanthin and chlorophyll b were also relatively abundant at most stations. Ratios to chlorophyll a of 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and peridinin were higher for the high salinity clusters. A shift to downwelling-favorable conditions toward the latter part of the cruise gave rise to a narrow, southward flowing jet of low salinity Chesapeake Bay water corresponding to the low salinity, relatively high temperature water mass identified by cluster analysis. Fucoxanthin dominated the accessory pigments in this low salinity feature. Proportions of chlorophyll a associated with different phytoplankton classes, as estimated using CHEMTAX software (Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 144 (1996) 265), varied among groups in a manner consistent with pigment composition. A diverse assemblage of diatoms, cyanobacteria, cryptophytes and prasinophytes accounted for the majority of chlorophyll a at most stations. Haptophytes and dinoflagellates were relatively more abundant in warmer, higher salinity stations. The low salinity jet exhibited high biomass and low diversity compared to other water masses. Its phytoplankton population was dominated by diatoms larger than 8 mum in diameter. The results demonstrate that phytoplankton community composition varies substantially among the different water masses in this coastal region and is subject to event scale (i.e., days to weeks) changes in relation to wind forcing and shelf circulation processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lohrenz, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 23 IS 14-15 BP 1447 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00131-6 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 732LR UT WOS:000185948000011 ER PT J AU Bhargava, HK Snoap, KJ AF Bhargava, HK Snoap, KJ TI Improving recruit distribution decisions in the US marine corps SO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE decision support system; manpower modeling; recruit distribution AB The United States Marine Corps (USMC) accomplishes its mission "to put the right Marine in the right place at the right time with the right skills and quality of life" in various ways. One of these is a recruit distribution modeling (RDM) and information system that assigns new recruits to entry-level schools, thereby determining the entire career paths. This article proposes improvements to the existing Marine Corps decision processes and information systems for recruit distribution. The proposed system, recruit distribution decision support system (RDdss), provides intuitive navigation through a hierarchy of switchboards, and promotes data integrity by eliminating manual data entry for data already available in the system. It incorporates four objective measures for understanding the quality of proposed distributions, and allows the user to generate and compare multiple solutions based on the trade-off between these objectives. It is a fully functional working prototype system that was installed into the USMC manpower environment, and demonstrated to provide several improvements over the current technology. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Bhargava, HK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9236 J9 DECIS SUPPORT SYST JI Decis. Support Syst. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0167-9236(02)00136-7 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 724TN UT WOS:000185502900002 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power, power density and efficiency optimization for a closed cycle helium turbine nuclear power plant SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE helium turbine cycle; power; power density; efficiency; optimization; optimum heat conductance distribution ID BRAYTON HEAT ENGINE; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB The performance of a closed cycle helium turbine nuclear power plant for submarine propulsion is optimized in this paper. The power output, power density (ratio of power output to maximum specific volume in the cycle) and thermal efficiency of the cycle are derived. The maximum power, power density and efficiency are obtained by searching for the optimum heat conductance distribution among the hot side heat exchanger (intermediate heat exchanger), cold side heat exchanger (precooler) and recuperator for fixed total heat exchanger inventory with respect to the corresponding optimization objectives. The optimum results are compared with those reported in recent references for the conceptual design of a closed cycle helium turbine nuclear power plant for submarine propulsion. The numerical example shows that the method herein is valid and effective. (C) 2003 Elsevier. Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 15 BP 2393 EP 2401 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00008-6 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 681GQ UT WOS:000183028800003 ER PT J AU Ambrico, JM Begley, MR AF Ambrico, JM Begley, MR TI The role of flaw geometry in thin film delamination from two-dimensional interface flaws along free edges SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE interface fracture mechanics; three dimensional; energy release rate; edge cracks ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; FACE WEIGHT-FUNCTIONS; CRACK FRONT; SURFACE SINGULARITY; PLANAR CRACK; PROPAGATION; FIELDS AB Delamination from planar interface edge flaws between a thin film and a semi-infinite substrate is examined to determine the roles of flaw width and depth relative to the film thickness. The flaws have curved and straight I sections, and the crack front intersects the free edge at a right angle. Three-dimensional finite element models are used to extract local energy release rates and mode-mixity angles along the entire crack front. This paper focuses the crack dimensions required to reach steady state, wherein energy release rates are independent of flaw dimensions along the entire crack front. Results indicate that moderate elastic mismatch, although affecting mode mixity, plays a small role in determining the crack aspect ratios required to reach steady state. For wide cracks, the energy release rate for crack advance into the film interior approaches the plane-strain steady-state value when the half-width of the crack is approximately four times its depth (for cracks whose depths is several times the film thickness). For narrow cracks, the energy release rate near the free edge is significantly greater than the plane-strain steady-state result, and reaches a steady state when the depth approximately 10 times its width (for widths several time the film thickness). The results imply that delamination from wide cracks is reasonably accurately predicted via plane-strain analyses. Conversely, two-dimensional models are incapable of accurately predicting delamination from narrow cracks, which have a tendency to widen into flaws with more balanced aspect ratios (i.e. without growth in the depth direction). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Appl Mech Program, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Begley, MR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil Engn, Appl Mech Program, B228 Thornton Hall,351 McCormick Rd,POB 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 70 IS 13 BP 1721 EP 1736 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00170-4 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 688HH UT WOS:000183427800008 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI The effects of changes of intermolecular coupling on glass transition dynamics in polymer thin films and glass-formers confined in nanometer pores SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FORMING LIQUIDS; LENGTH SCALE; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Intermolecular coupling plays an important role in determining the dynamics and the mobility of polymeric and non-polymeric glass-formers. The breadth of the dispersion is an indicator of the intermolecular coupling strength. The coupling model relates intermolecular coupling through the breadth of the dispersion to the dynamics of bulk glass-formers. When a glass-former is confined in nanometer pores or in thin films and if there is absence of chemical and physical interactions with the wall, intermolecular coupling is reduced, resulting in an increase of mobility. The coupling model is used to account for such changes of relaxation time of 1) ortho-terphenyl and poly(dimethyl siloxane) confined in nanometer pores, 2) polymer thin film confined between two impenetrable walls from Monte Carlo simulation, and 3) polymer film confined by perfectly smooth and purely repulsive potential acting on the repeat units from molecular-dynamics simulation. The model continues to explain the opposite effects observed when there is an increase of intermolecular coupling due to the presence of chemical or physical interaction with the walls. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 63 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1140/epje/i2003-10029-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 748YY UT WOS:000186890400014 PM 15007685 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK TI Multiple mechanisms controlling fatigue crack growth SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Delta K-K-max parameters; crack growth mechanisms; environmental effects; fatigue crack growth; multiple mechanisms; unified approach ID GRAPHITE CAST IRONS; THRESHOLD; CLOSURE; EXTENSION; STRESS AB Recognizing that fatigue is a two-parameter problem requiring two load parameters to define cyclic loads unambiguously, a unified approach has been developed to account for crack growth behaviour in terms of DeltaK and K-max. Since both driving forces govern the crack growth rate, any analysis based on either DeltaK or K-max will provide only partial information about the fatigue behavior of materials. It is shown that DeltaK-K-max plots and the associated crack growth trajectory maps reflect the basic mechanisms that contribute to crack growth in a material. These plots also provide a convenient basis to recognize the changes in the nucromechanisms that can occur as a function of load ratio or crack growth rate, or both. Taking examples from the literature, crack growth trajectory maps are provided showing such changes in the governing mechanisms of crack growth. It is shown that the DeltaK-K-max approach is not an alternative to crack closure models, but it reflects the intrinsic material behaviour that must be understood before reliable crack prediction models can be developed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 835 EP 845 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00684.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 721LB UT WOS:000185316900007 ER PT J AU Verma, MS Pratt, L Ganesh, C Medina, C AF Verma, MS Pratt, L Ganesh, C Medina, C TI Development of a prototype automated system for forensic hair comparison and analysis using neural networks SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd European-Academy-of-Forensic-Science Meeting CY SEP 22-27, 2003 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP European Acad Forens Sci, Istanbul Univ, Inst Forens Sci DE forensic hair comparison; neural network; image processing C1 Denver Police, Crime Lab Bur, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Robot & Intelligent Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 136 SU 1 BP 116 EP 117 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 725HM UT WOS:000185538200252 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Smith, AC Kostka, JE AF Furukawa, Y Smith, AC Kostka, JE TI Determination of iron and sulfur cycling rates in bioturbated saltmarsh sediments with multicomponent inverse modeling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN ID AQUATIC SEDIMENTS C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM yoko.furukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil; agold@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu; jkostka@ocean.fsu.edu RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A114 EP A114 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600221 ER PT J AU Tomaru, H Matsumoto, R Coffin, R Pohlman, J Spence, G AF Tomaru, H Matsumoto, R Coffin, R Pohlman, J Spence, G TI Geochemical clues for seafloor and subsurface gas hydrate linkage in Cascadia, Canada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM tomaru@gbs.eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ryo@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; rcoffin@ccsalpha3.nrl.navy.mil; johnp@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; gspence@uvic.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A485 EP A485 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600956 ER PT J AU Brozena, JM Childers, VA Lawver, LA Gahagan, LM Forsberg, R Faleide, JI Eldholm, O AF Brozena, JM Childers, VA Lawver, LA Gahagan, LM Forsberg, R Faleide, JI Eldholm, O TI New aerogeophysical study of the Eurasia Basin and Lomonosov Ridge: Implications for basin development SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Eurasia Basin; aerogeophysics; Arctic plate motion; marine magnetic anomalies ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; YERMAK-PLATEAU; GAKKEL-RIDGE; GRAVITY; SEA; EVOLUTION; AIRBORNE; SVALBARD AB In 1998 and 1999, new aerogeophysical surveys of the Arctic Ocean's Eurasia Basin produced the first collocated gravity and magnetic measurements over the western half of the basin. These data increase the density and extend the coverage of the U.S. Navy acromagnetic data from the 1970s. The new data reveal prominent bends in the isochrons that provide solid geometrical constraints for plate reconstructions. Tentative identification of anomaly 25 in the Eurasia Basin links early basin opening to spreading in the Labrador Sea before the locus of spreading in the North Atlantic shifted to the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. With the opening of the Labrador Sea, Greenland began similar to200 km of northward movement relative to North America and eventually collided with Svalbard, Ellesmere Island, and the nascent Eurasia ocean basin. Both gravity and magnetic data sets reconstructed to times prior to chron 13 show a prominent linear anomaly oriented orthogonal to the spreading center and immediately north of the Yermak Plateau and Morris Jesup Rise. This anomaly may mark the locus of shortening and possibly subduction as Greenland collided with the nascent Eurasia Basin and impinged upon the southern Gakkel Ridge. This collision may have contributed to vollcanism on the Morris Jesup Rise. By chron 13, Greenland had ended its northward motion and had become fixed to North America, and the plateau north of Greenland had rifted apart to become the Morris Jesup Rise and the Yermak Plateau. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Kort & Matrikelstyrelsen, KMS, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark. Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Brozena, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7421,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lawver, Lawrence/A-1630-2009 NR 24 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 31 IS 9 BP 825 EP 828 DI 10.1130/G19528.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 717JF UT WOS:000185084800023 ER PT J AU Driskell, JE Radtke, PH AF Driskell, JE Radtke, PH TI The effect of gesture on speech production and comprehension SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID FACE-TO-FACE; HAND GESTURES; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; SPEAK AB Hand gestures are ubiquitous in communication. However, there is considerable debate regarding the fundamental role that gesture plays in communication and, subsequently, regarding the value of gesture for telecommunications. Controversy exists regarding whether gesture has a primarily communicative function (enhancing listener comprehension) or a primarily noncommunicative function (enhancing speech production). Moreover, some have argued that gesture seems to enhance listener comprehension only because of the effect gesture has on speech production. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which gesture enhances listener comprehension and the extent to which the effect of gesture on listener comprehension is mediated by the effects of gesture on speech production. Results indicated that gesture enhanced both listener comprehension and speech production. When the effects of gesture on speech production were controlled, the relationship between gesture and listener comprehension was reduced but still remained significant. These results suggest that gesture aids the listener as well as the speaker and that gesture has a direct effect on listener comprehension, independent of the effects gesture has on speech production. Implications for understanding the value of gestural information in telecommunications are discussed. Potential applications of this research include the design of computer-mediated communication systems and displays in which the visibility of gestures may be beneficial. C1 Florida Maxima Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. RP Driskell, JE (reprint author), Florida Maxima Corp, 507 N New York Ave,R-1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 14 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1518/hfes.45.3.445.27258 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 751DU UT WOS:000187038200008 PM 14702995 ER PT J AU Li, XW Li, N Zheng, XG Demiguel, S Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ AF Li, XW Li, N Zheng, XG Demiguel, S Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ TI High-saturation-current InP-InGaAs photodiode with partially depleted absorber SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE frequency response; photocurrent; photodetectors; photodiodes; p-i-n photodiodes ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODES; PHOTODETECTORS AB A high-saturation-current InGaAs photodiode (PD) with a partially depleted absorber is demonstrated. Optical responsivity of 0.58 A/W and over 1.1 W of dissipated electrical power is achieved. Small signal. compression current of 110 and 57 mA is measured at radio-frequency. bandwidths of 1 and 10 GHz, respectively. This continuous photocurrent is believed to be the highest reported value for a p-i-n InGaAs PD at these bandwidths. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, XW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1276 EP 1278 DI 10.1109/LPT.2003.816118 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 714RY UT WOS:000184928300032 ER PT J AU Baretela, MJ Tyo, JS AF Baretela, MJ Tyo, JS TI Improvement of prompt response from impulse radiating antennas by aperture trimming SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE impulse radiating antennas; time-domain electromagnetics; ultra-wide-band electromagnetics; wide-band antennas AB Reflector impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) traditionally have been constructed by terminating a self-reciprocal, transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission-line feed structure into a paraboloidal reflector. The section of the paraboloid used is usually circular in cross-section, with the outer boundary coinciding with the circle of symmetry of the TEM feed. The reflector converts the spherical TEM mode on the feed line into an approximate plane wave in the near field by geometric optics. The prompt radiated electric field in the direction of focus is given in the physical optics approximation in terms of the integral of the electric field of the TEM mode over the aperture plane inside the reflector boundary. Balanced feed structures have TEM modes that provide both positive and negative contributions to this integral in the aperture plane. Determination of the contour where the principal component of the electric field in the TEM mode is zero identifies portions of the aperture that contribute destructively to the integral. These portions are removed, thereby increasing the prompt radiated field without altering the feed structure or the applied voltage waveform. Furthermore, decreasing the size of the TEM feed relative to the aperture size, followed by appropriate aperture trimming, allows an even greater increase in radiated field. Results are presented that predict an increase in prompt radiated fields for all electrode configurations. Improvements are largest for electrode angles that are large (with respect to the vertical). The trends predicted by the numerical results are verified by an experiment conducted on a time-domain antenna range. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Baretela, MJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 51 IS 9 BP 2158 EP 2167 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.816319 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 721UU UT WOS:000185337500001 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chung, SY Rice, AT Berger, PR Thompson, PE Rivas, C Lake, R Sudirgo, S Kempisty, JJ Curanovic, B Rommel, SL Hirschman, KD Kurinec, SK Chi, PH Simons, DS AF Jin, N Chung, SY Rice, AT Berger, PR Thompson, PE Rivas, C Lake, R Sudirgo, S Kempisty, JJ Curanovic, B Rommel, SL Hirschman, KD Kurinec, SK Chi, PH Simons, DS TI Diffusion barrier cladding in Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes and their patterned growth on PMOS source/drain regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE CMOS compatibilty; dopant diffusion; Ge-Si alloys; low-temperature oxide; molecular beam epitaxy; negative differential resistance; patterned growth; rapid thermal annealing; resonant interband tunneling diodes; silicon ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ESAKI DIODES; SI; JUNCTIONS; SI(100); FILMS; RATIO AB Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITDs) employing delta-doping spikes that demonstrate negative differential resistance (NDR) at room temperature are presented. Efforts have focused on improving the tunnel diode peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) figure-of-merit, as well as addressing issues of manufacturability and CMOS integration. Thin SiGe layers sandwiching the B delta-doping spike used to suppress B out-diffusion are discussed. A room-temperature PVCR of 3.6 was measured with a peak current density of 0.3 kA/cm(2). Results clearly show that by introducing SiGe layers to clad the B delta-doping layer, B diffusion is suppressed during post-growth annealing, which raises the thermal budget. A higher RTA temperature appears to be more effective in reducing defects and results in a lower valley current and higher PVCR. RITDs grown by selective area molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been realized inside of low-temperature oxide openings, with performance comparable with RITDs grown on bulk substrates. C1 Ohio State Univ, Smith Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Smith Lab, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Smith Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD SEP PY 2003 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1876 EP 1884 DI 10.1109/TED.2003.815375 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 715VY UT WOS:000184994400007 ER PT J AU De Grandi, G Lee, JS Schuler, D Nezry, E AF De Grandi, G Lee, JS Schuler, D Nezry, E TI Texture and speckle statistics in polarimetric SAR synthesized images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) statistics; speckle; texture ID RADAR POLARIMETRY; K-DISTRIBUTION; CLASSIFICATION; CLUTTER; SIGNATURES; CONTRAST; MATRIX; MODEL AB We investigate in this paper the one-point statistical properties of the backscattered power derived by polarization synthesis of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. In particular, we focus our attention on the normalized second moment of intensity and its dependency on the polarization state. For the analysis of this dependency, a novel graphical representation-an extension of the polarization response-is introduced: the polarimetric texture signature. The second moment of backscattered power characterizes statistically the variation of the radar signal due to speckle and the underlying radar cross section. The classical texture product model with a scalar radar reflectivity implies that the normalized second moment of intensity does not depend on the polarization state. However, such dependency is found in experimental observations, a fact that calls for further investigation of the phenomenon. Considering at first speckle statistics for homogeneous areas having no texture, it is demonstrated that correlation among the single-look speckle patterns, which are added on an intensity basis in a multilook operation, is responsible for a weak polarization dependency of the normalized second moment. Concerning the textural properties, a new model is proposed-the mixture model-where it is assumed that polarimetrically diverse scattering mechanisms contribute to the total return from an ensemble of resolution elements. Numerical simulations are used to reconstruct the texture signatures according to the mixture model, starting from simple assumptions related to scattering processes from natural targets. It is found that the polarimetric texture signature can be an interesting discriminator of weak targets against clutter, when only polarimetric diversity and not radiometric diversity plays a role. The effects predicted by the theory are confirmed by experimental analysis of polarimetric data acquired by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory AIRSAR sensor. Finally a classification scheme based on the polarimetric texture signature is proposed. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EC Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. RP De Grandi, G (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, TP 440, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2070 EP 2088 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813846 PN 1 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 723EJ UT WOS:000185419200018 ER PT J AU Chen, CT Chen, KS Lee, JS AF Chen, CT Chen, KS Lee, JS TI The use of fully polarimetric information for the fuzzy neural classification of SAR images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE fuzzy c-means; neural classification; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar; speckle filtering ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; WISHART DISTRIBUTION; NETWORK AB This paper presents a method, based on a fuzzy neural network, that uses fully polarimetric information for terrain and land-use classification of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. The proposed approach makes use of statistical properties of polarimetric data, and takes advantage of a fuzzy neural network. A distance measure, based on a complex Wishart distribution, is applied using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, and the clustering result is then incorporated into the neural network. Instead of preselecting the polarization channels to form a feature vector, all elements of the polarimetric covariance matrix serve as the target feature vector as inputs to the neural network. It is thus expected that the neural network will include fully polarimetric backscattering information for image classification. With the generalization, adaptation, and other capabilities of the neural network, information contained in the covariance matrix, such as the amplitude, the phase difference, the degree of polarization, etc., can be fully explored. A test image, acquired by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Airborne SAR (AIRSAR) system, is used to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed approach can greatly enhance the adaptability and the flexibility giving fully polarimetric SAR for terrain cover classification. The integration of fuzzy c-means (FCM) and fast generalization dynamic learning neural network (DLNN) capabilities makes the proposed algorithm an attractive and alternative method for polarimetric SAR classification. C1 Hsing Wu Coll, Dept Informat Management, Taipei 244, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 320, Taiwan. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, CT (reprint author), Hsing Wu Coll, Dept Informat Management, Taipei 244, Taiwan. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2089 EP 2100 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813494 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 723EJ UT WOS:000185419200019 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM AF Bachmann, CM TI Improving the performance of classifiers in high-dimensional remote sensing applications: An adaptive resampling strategy for error-prone exemplars (ARESEPE) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE active learning; active sampling; barrier islands; hyperspectral; land-cover classification; Virginia Coast Reserve ID MULTILAYER PERCEPTRONS; CLASSIFICATION AB In the past, "active learning" strategies have been proposed for improving the convergence and accuracy of statistical classifiers. However, many of these approaches have large storage requirements or unnecessarily large computational burdens and, therefore, have been impractical for the large-scale databases typically found in remote sensing, especially hyperspectral applications. In this paper, we develop a practical on-line approach with only modest storage requirements. The new approach improves the convergence rate associated with the optimization of adaptive classifiers, especially in high-dimensional remote sensing data. We demonstrate the new approach using PROBE2 hyperspectral imagery and find convergence time improvements of two orders of magnitude in the optimization of land-cover classifiers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2101 EP 2112 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817207 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 723EJ UT WOS:000185419200020 ER PT J AU Ceruti, MG AF Ceruti, MG TI Data management challenges and development for military information systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE command and control; data access; data aggregation; data and knowledge management; data mining; integration and interoperability; military information system; network-centric warfare; software reuse; standards AB This paper explores challenges facing information system professionals in the management of data and knowledge in the Department of Defense (DOD), particularly in the information systems utilized to support Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence ((CI)-I-4). These information systems include operational tactical systems, decision-support systems, modeling and simulation systems, and nontactical business systems, all of which affect the design, operation, interoperation, and application of Cot systems. Specific topics include issues in integration and interoperability, joint standards, data access, data aggregation, information system component reuse, and legacy systems. Broad technological trends, as well as the use of specific developing technologies are discussed in light of how they may enable the DOD to meet the present and future information-management challenges. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warface Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP USN, Space & Naval Warface Syst Ctr, Code D4121,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM ceruti@spawar.navy.mil NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 EI 1558-2191 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1068 DI 10.1109/TKDE.2003.1232263 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 716TY UT WOS:000185046300001 ER PT J AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Snodgrass, J AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Snodgrass, J TI Magnetomechanical damping capacity of Tbx Dy1-xFe1.92(0.30 <= x <= 0.50) alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DE hysteresis; magnetomechanical damping; Terfenol AB The, stress-strain hysteresis losses of TbxDy1-xFe1.92(x = 0.30, 0.33, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50) were measured at a variety of magnetic fields between 0 and 1600 Oe. Stress ranges from similar to0 to -10, -20, -40, and -60 MPa (the minus sign indicates compressive stresses) were used. The hysteresis loop area increased from 5.7 kJ/m(3) at x = 0.30 to 10 kJ/m(3) at x = 0.50 as the Tb concentration and the magnetic anisotropy increased. The position of the hysteresis loop shifted to larger compressive stresses as the magnetic field was increased allowing the strength of the damping to be controlled by the magnetic field. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. ETREMA Prod, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 3408 EP 3410 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816166 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 728MZ UT WOS:000185722100382 ER PT J AU Bishop, BE AF Bishop, BE TI On the use of redundant manipulator techniques for control of platoons of cooperating robotic vehicles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE cooperative systems; control systems; mobile robots; mobile robot motion planning ID COORDINATION AB In this correspondence, we discuss the parallelism between redundant manipulator control and the control of platoons (or swarms) of autonomous vehicles. We cast the platoon formation synthesis problem in an analogous manner to traditional redundancy resolution, and discuss techniques for real-time reactive path generation and control of the platoon. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation experiments. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2003.817381 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 744GC UT WOS:000186618700007 ER PT J AU Osmundson, JS Michael, JB Machniak, MJ Grossman, MA AF Osmundson, JS Michael, JB Machniak, MJ Grossman, MA TI Quality management metrics for software development SO INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE metrics; software management; software process AB It can be argued that the quality of software management has an effect on the degree of success or failure of a software development program. We have developed a metric for measuring the quality of software management along four dimensions: requirements management, estimation/planning management, people management, and risk management. The quality management metric (QMM) for a software development program manager is a composite score obtained using a questionnaire administered to both the program manager and a sample of his or her peers. The QMM is intended to both characterize the quality of software management and serve as a template for improving software management performance. We administered the questionnaire to measure the performance of managers responsible for large software development programs within the US Department of Defense (DOD). Informal verification and validation of the metric compared the QMM score to an overall program-success score for the entire program; this resulted in a positive correlation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, CS MJ, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, CC OS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, CS MJ, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7206 J9 INFORM MANAGE-AMSTER JI Inf. Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 40 IS 8 BP 799 EP 812 AR PII S0378-7206(02)00114-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00114-3 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 716WW UT WOS:000185053400007 ER PT J AU Holtz, RL AF Holtz, RL TI Phenomenology of the effective stress intensity related to fatigue crack growth thresholds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE fatigue; threshold; internal stress; K-MAX; closure ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CLOSURE; MODEL AB The fatigue crack growth threshold conditions for effective stress intensity amplitude are examined using simple phenomenological models for crack face interference and internal stresses. We show that behaviors correlating with all pure fatigue classifications can be generated from a single 'ideal fatigue' behavior by accounting for internal stress and crack face interference. The possible threshold or near-threshold manifestations of an intrinsic K-MAX threshold, independent of effective DeltaK effects, are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holtz, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 891 EP 897 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00125-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300014 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK TI Fatigue crack growth mechanisms in steels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE fatigue crack growth in steels; unified approach; two-parameter approach; environmental effects; grain size effects; yield strength effects; crack growth mechanisms; hydrogen embrittlement ID ENHANCED HYDROGEN DIFFUSION; INTENSITY THRESHOLD LEVEL; GRAIN-BOUNDARY FRACTURE; GRAPHITE CAST IRONS; HIGH-PURITY NICKEL; LOW-ALLOY STEEL; NEAR-THRESHOLD; STRESS RATIO; STAINLESS-STEEL; ARMCO IRON AB Fatigue crack growth behavior of structural steels is examined by using the Unified Approach developed by the authors. In this approach, fatigue requires two-load parameters involving maximum stress intensity, K-max, and stress intensity amplitude, DeltaK. For a fatigue crack to grow, both K-max and DeltaK must exceed their respective threshold values. Similarly, for any other crack growth rate, two limiting values, K-max* and DeltaK* are required to enforce the growth rate. The variation of these two critical values forms the crack growth trajectory map, which is defined by plotting DeltaK* vs. K-max* as a function of crack growth rate. In this trajectory map, the line defined by DeltaK* = K-max* represents pure fatigue crack growth behavior induced by cyclic strains. It is shown that this line provides a reference norm for defining deviations in the trajectory resulting from environmental and/or monotonic fracture modes superimposed on fatigue. Using this approach, we have examined the crack growth behavior of many structural steels. The trajectory maps of these steels show deviations due to superimposed environmental effects. These effects vary with grain size, yield strength, microstructure, and chemistry. In addition, for a given material, changes in the trajectory paths occur because of changing crack growth mechanisms. Analysis of material behavior using trajectory maps provides a clear understanding of the relative magnitude of cyclic and environmental damage and how the microstructure, chemistry, and crack tip plasticity affect fatigue crack growth behavior of steels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 94 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 899 EP 914 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00128-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300015 ER PT J AU John, R Jata, KV Sadananda, K AF John, R Jata, KV Sadananda, K TI Residual stress effects on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in friction stir welds in aerospace alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 22-27, 2002 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP USN, USA, USAF DE analysis; crack growth; fatigue threshold; friction stir weld; heat affected zone; residual stress; stress ratio ID STRENGTH ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Friction stir welding (FSW) is being explored as a potential tool for manufacturing aluminum aerospace structures. Several joint configurations, butt, lap and fillet joints have been made in the production of such exploratory structures. Research work on S-N fatigue and fatigue crack growth in the weld zone is required to provide an understanding and tools to assess the damage tolerance issues in friction stir welded joints and structures. In this work, results of a study conducted on near-threshold fatigue crack growth in friction stir welded aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 and a titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are presented. Tests were conducted on weld coupons as a function of specimen geometry (compact tension, eccentrically loaded single edge and center-crack tension) and stress ratio to understand the effects of residual stresses in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the alloy. Residual stresses were measured on samples machined from the friction stir welded plates prior to testing. The crack growth results show that residual stresses play a key role in the crack growth parallel to the weld-path in the HAZ. Although friction stir welding process induced low residual stresses in the welds, they are found to produce large effects on the near-threshold fatigue crack growth. In general, the magnitude of the shift in the fatigue threshold in the friction stir welded coupons is a function of microstructure, residual stresses and specimen geometry. However, for a constant microstructure, fatigue thresholds at low stress ratios, were specimen geometry dependent. The thresholds were either higher or lower than those of the parent material. At high stress ratio, the differences due to the specimen geometry vanish. Stress ratio studies show that the center-crack tension geometry is less sensitive to the residual stress effects compared to the compact tension geometry. Crack growth analysis using equivalent residual stresses was used to determine the residual stress intensity factor and predict stress ratio effects. The role of microstructure on the fatigue threshold in the welds is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP John, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 146 Z9 152 U1 5 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9-11 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.08.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 748WD UT WOS:000186883300019 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF Seyfarth, R Cueva-Parra, LA AF Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF Seyfarth, R Cueva-Parra, LA TI Self-organized phase segregation in a driven flow of dissimilar particles mixtures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE self-organized pattern; layering; phase separation; lattice gas ID SYSTEMS AB Self-organized patterns in an immiscible fluid mixture of dissimilar particles driven from a source at the bottom are examined as a function of hydrostatic pressure bias by a Monte Carlo computer simulation. As the upward pressure bias competes with sedimentation due to gravity, a multi-phase system emerges: a dissociating solid phase from the source is separated from a migrating gas phase towards the top by an interface of mixed (bicontinuous) phase. Scaling of solid-to-gas phase with the altitude is nonuniversal and depends on both the range of the height/depth and the magnitude of the pressure bias. Onset of phase separation and layering is pronounced at low bias range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 7 BP 955 EP 962 DI 10.1142/S0129183103005108 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 763CV UT WOS:000188055400009 ER PT J AU Mahnken, TG FitzSimonds, JR AF Mahnken, TG FitzSimonds, JR TI Revolutionary ambivalence - Understanding officer attitudes toward transformation SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Article C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Strateg Studies Program, Paul H Nitze Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, War Coll, War Gaming Dept, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Mahnken, TG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Strateg Studies Program, Paul H Nitze Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 112 EP 148 DI 10.1162/016228803322761982 PG 37 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 753KD UT WOS:000187229800004 ER PT J AU Denning, DE AF Denning, DE TI Tighter cybersecurity SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, DE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 731CF UT WOS:000185866400004 ER PT J AU Kayashima, H Sumioka, K Lee, SH Jang, BB Fujita, K Tsutsui, T AF Kayashima, H Sumioka, K Lee, SH Jang, BB Fujita, K Tsutsui, T TI Fabrication and optical properties of pi-conjugated polymer inverse opal SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE pi-conjugated polymer; silica opal; inverse opal; stop band; PL spectrum ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONDUCTING POLYMER; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; SYNTHETIC OPAL; BANDGAP AB Polymer inverse opals were fabricated by directly infiltrating a molten polymer into silica opal templates at an elevated temperature. The main-chain pi-conjugated polymer, poly [2-(9',9'-dihexylfluorenyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (DHF-PPV) was adopted for fabricating an inverse opal. The DHF-PPV inverse opal maintained well-defined periodic structures of the silica opal template, showing ordered and well-packed spherical air-pores by scanning electron microscopy. The DHF-PPV inverse opal showed an optical stop band based on the periodic pattern of the refractive index in the visible wavelength region. A dip in the photoluminescence spectrum resulting from the influence of the stop band was observed. C1 Kyushu Univ, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kayashima, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, 6-1 Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA TOYOKAIJI BLDG NO. 12, 6-9-6 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 9A BP 5731 EP 5734 DI 10.1143/JJAP.42.5731 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 725WL UT WOS:000185565300072 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Persson, POG Guest, PS AF Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Persson, POG Guest, PS TI Probability distributions for the inner scale and the refractive index structure parameter and their implications for flux averaging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; APERTURE SCINTILLOMETER TEST; SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL PROPAGATION; SENSIBLE HEAT; ENERGY BUDGET; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRUM; MOMENTUM; OCEAN AB Defining the averaging time required for measuring meaningful turbulence statistics is a central problem in boundary layer meteorology. Path-averaging scintillation instruments are presumed to confer some time-averaging benefits when the objective is to measure surface fluxes, but that hypothesis has not been tested definitively. This study uses scintillometer measurements of the inner scale (iota(0)) and the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) to investigate this question of required averaging time. The first conclusion is that the beta probability distribution is useful for representing C-n(2) and iota(0) measurements. Consequently, beta distributions are used to set confidence limits on C-n(2) and iota(0) values obtained over various averaging periods. When the C-n(2) and iota(0) time series are stationary, a short-term average of C-n(2) or iota(0) can be as accurate as a long-term average. However, as with point measurements, when time series of path averaged C-n(2) or iota(0) values are nonstationary, turbulent surface fluxes inferred from these C-n(2) and iota(0) values can be variable and uncertain-problems that path averaging was presumed to mitigate. Because nonstationarity is a limiting condition, the last topic is quantifying the nonstationarity with a published nonstationarity ratio and also by simply counting zero crossings in the time series. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1316 EP 1329 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1316:PDFTIS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717KR UT WOS:000185088100009 ER PT J AU Charles, SJ Steeds, JW Butler, JE Evans, DJF AF Charles, SJ Steeds, JW Butler, JE Evans, DJF TI Optical centers introduced in boron-doped synthetic diamond by near-threshold electron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CVD DIAMOND; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NITROGEN; RECOMBINATION; MICROSCOPY; ACCEPTOR; VACANCY; STATES AB Near-threshold irradiation of B-doped synthetic diamonds has been performed using a transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. Both chemical vapor deposited and high-pressure high-temperature synthesized samples have been studied. The B levels were in the range 10(17)-10(19) cm(-3). After irradiation the samples were studied by low temperature (similar to7 K) photoluminescence spectroscopy using various excitation wavelengths. A number of characteristic optical centers have been observed in the spectral range 500-800 nm and these centers are reviewed. Details of the properties of the optical centers have been investigated and the results are summarized. In particular, two zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) at 636 and 666 nm, formed in boron-doped diamond materials after near displacement-threshold electron radiation damage, were found to be related. The nature of this relationship is studied by laser power dependence (at different wavelengths) of their intensities over a wide temperature range. The results are interpreted in terms of a three-level model for a single optical center that involves a dipole-forbidden excited state of lower energy and a dipole-allowed state of 90 meV higher energy. Similar behavior of a further pair of ZPLs at 650 and 668 nm also formed in these materials is discussed. The spatial distribution of centers and their alteration by ultraviolet excitation was used to investigate the nature of the 636 and 666 nm centers. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DTC Res Ctr, Maidenhead SL6 6JW, Berks, England. RP Charles, SJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 5 BP 3091 EP 3100 DI 10.1063/1.1600523 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EP UT WOS:000184844200044 ER PT J AU Denes, FS Manolache, S Ma, YC Shamamian, V Ravel, B Prokes, S AF Denes, FS Manolache, S Ma, YC Shamamian, V Ravel, B Prokes, S TI Dense medium plasma synthesis of carbon/iron-based magnetic nanoparticle system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB Using dense medium plasma technology, hybrid iron and iron oxide/carbon-based nanoparticle composites were synthesized under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. Based on results from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we conclude that the material is composed of spherical particles, 40-60 nm in diameter, which are a graphitic carbon host structure embedded with iron and iron oxide. Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal gravimetry analysis indicates that these composites are stable up to temperatures as high as 600degreesC. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy suggest that the bulk of the FMR signal in question is due to metallic Fe. Magnetite or maghemite is present, and the metallic content of the metal particles is 58(8)% and the remainder is oxidized with a sixfold oxygen coordination shell similar to that of gamma-Fe2O3. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Denes, FS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 5 BP 3498 EP 3508 DI 10.1063/1.1596367 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EP UT WOS:000184844200104 ER PT J AU Gao, S Hegg, DA Jonsson, H AF Gao, S Hegg, DA Jonsson, H TI Aerosol chemistry, and light-scattering and hygroscopicity budgets during outflow from east Asia SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aerosols; light-scattering; hygroscopicity; organics ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOLUBLE DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; HUMIDIFICATION FACTORS; PARTICULATE PRODUCTS; MARINE AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; AIR AB During the ACE-Asia field campaign, 41 aerosol filter samples were obtained by airborne sampling over the ocean to the north, south and west of Japan, generally under conditions of outflow from the Asian continent. These samples were analyzed for their water-soluble chemical components, particularly organic species. Suites of inorganic anions, carbohydrates, organic acids and metallic elements were identified and quantified (21 distinct species). Simultaneously, measurements were made of the aerosol hygroscopicity and light scattering. A factor analysis performed on the compositional data identified several sources for the aerosols sampled during the field campaign. Regression of the light-scattering data onto tracers for each of these factors suggests that the aerosol light scattering could be largely attributed to three of these factors: anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, and soil dust. Similarly, the aerosol hygroscopicity was largely consistent with an empirical mixing model based on past measurements of the hygroscopicity of these individual aerosol types. Limited size-resolved, aerosol composition measurements were also obtained and suggested different sources for various chemical species. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 55 EP 88 DI 10.1023/A:1024821409130 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704JK UT WOS:000184336400004 ER PT J AU Tokarz, VA McGrory, JE Stewart, JD Croslin, AR AF Tokarz, VA McGrory, JE Stewart, JD Croslin, AR TI Femoral neuropathy and iliopsoas hematoma as a result of postpartum factor-VIII inhibitor syndrome - A case report SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILIA; COAGULATION C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Hematol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Texas Arthroscop Surg Clin, Ft Worth, TX 76104 USA. RP Tokarz, VA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 85A IS 9 BP 1812 EP 1815 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 722XN UT WOS:000185403500025 PM 12954844 ER PT J AU Givoli, D Neta, B AF Givoli, D Neta, B TI High-order nonreflecting boundary conditions for the dispersive shallow water equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational and Mathematical Methods for Science and Engineering (CMMSE 2002) CY SEP 20-25, 2002 CL UNIV ALICANTE, ALICANTE, SPAIN HO UNIV ALICANTE DE shallow water equations; non-reflecting boundary conditions; wave dispersion; high-order method ID WAVE-EQUATION; ELASTIC-WAVES; MODELS; FLOWS AB Time-dependent dispersive shallow water waves in an unbounded domain are considered. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B, and a high-order non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is imposed on B. Then the problem is solved by a finite difference scheme in the finite domain bounded by The sequence of NRBCs proposed by Higdon is used. However, in contrast to the original low-order implementation of the Higdon conditions, a new scheme is devised which allows the easy use of a Higdon-type NRBC of any desired order. In addition, a procedure for the automatic choice of the parameters appearing in the NRBC is proposed. The performance of the scheme is demonstrated via a numerical example. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Givoli, D (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0377-0427(03)00462-X PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 735WK UT WOS:000186137400007 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, PM TI A nonstandard finite difference scheme for nonlinear heat transfer in a thin finite rod SO JOURNAL OF DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law; nonstandard finite difference scheme; diffusion equation; positivity ID EQUATION AB A nonstandard finite difference scheme is constructed to solve an initial-boundary value problem involving a quartic nonlinearity that arises in heat transfer involving conduction with thermal radiation. It is noted that the positivity condition is equivalent to the usual linear stability criteria and it is shown that the representation of the nonlinear term in the finite difference scheme, in addition to the magnitudes of the equation parameters, has a direct bearing on the scheme's stability. Finally, solution profiles are plotted and avenues of further inquiry are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-6198 J9 J DIFFER EQU APPL JI J. Differ. Equ. Appl. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1021 DI 10.1080/1023619031000146922 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 725CV UT WOS:000185526400005 ER PT J AU Weber, CD McClanahan, SB Miller, GA Diener-West, M Johnson, JD AF Weber, CD McClanahan, SB Miller, GA Diener-West, M Johnson, JD TI The effect of passive ultrasonic activation of 2% chlorhexidine or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigant on residual antimicrobial activity in root canals SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ENDODONTIC IRRIGANTS; INSTRUMENTATION; GLUCONATE AB Ninety-four single-canal roots were prepared using the step-down technique. Forty-two canals were irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine, 42 canals with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 10 control canals with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The chlorhexidine and NaOCl groups were each then equally divided into a final irrigation group and a 1-min passive ultrasonic irrigation group. Canals were enlarged with a Parapost drill. The apical 3-5 mm was covered with nail polish. Canals were rinsed with PBS, dried, refilled with PBS, and stored. At 6 h, 20 mul of fluid was pipetted from each canal and placed into wells on agar plates, which were inoculated with Streptococcus sanguinis. The plates were incubated, and zones of inhibition were measured. Sampling was repeated at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h. Residual antimicrobial activity with 2% chlorhexidine was statistically significantly superior to 5.25% NaOCl with irrigation alone and with final passive ultrasonic activation (p < 0.001). Chlorhexidine experimental groups demonstrated residual antimicrobial activity for as long as 168 h. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Endodont Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Res, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Endodont Dept, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 562 EP 564 DI 10.1097/00004770-200309000-00005 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 717ME UT WOS:000185092800005 PM 14503827 ER PT J AU McClellan, Y August, R Gosz, J Gann, S Parmenter, R Nelson, M Harper, M AF McClellan, Y August, R Gosz, J Gann, S Parmenter, R Nelson, M Harper, M TI Uptake rates of thorium progeny in a semiarid environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; URANIUM; MILK; SOIL AB The release rates and transformation processes that influence the mobility, biological uptake, and transfer of radionuclides are essential to the assessment of the health effects in the food chain and ecosystem. This study examined concentrations of Th-232 in both soil and vegetation at a closed military training site, Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico. Brazilian sludge was intentionally introduced into the topsoil in the early 1960s to simulate nuclear weapon accidents. Soil (60) and vegetation (120) samples were collected from 1996 to 2000 and analyzed for radionuclides and progeny. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to determine radionuclide activities. The results indicate that the thorium progeny were the predominant contaminant in soil and vegetation. Concentration ratios (CRs) were calculated based on actinium levels. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NRL S&T Reserve Unit, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McClellan, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1759 EP 1763 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500021 PM 14535318 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, SA TI Resolving turbulent wakes SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; VELOCITY GRADIENTS; REYNOLDS NUMBERS; FLOW; SPECTRA; WALL AB Resolving the turbulent statistics of bluff-body wakes is a challenging task. Frequently, the streamwise grid point spacing approaching the vortex exit boundary is sacrificed to gain near full resolution of the turbulent scales neighboring the body surface. This choice favors the solution strategies of direct numerical and large-eddy simulations (DNS and LES) that house spectral-like resolving characteristics with inherent dissipation. Herein, two differencing stencils are tested for approximating four forms of the convective derivative in the DNS and LES formulations for incompressible flows. The wake spectral characteristics and conventional parameters are computed for Reynolds numbers Re = 200 (laminar wake) and Re = 3900. These tests demonstrated reliable stability and spectral-like accuracy of compact fifth-order upwinding for the advective derivative and fourth-order cell-centered Pad (with fourth-order upwinding interpolation) for the Arakawa form of the convective derivative. Specifically, observations of the DNS computations suggest that best results of the wake properties are acquired when the inertial subrange of the spectral energy is fully resolved at the grid-scale level. The LES solutions degraded dramatically only when the fifth-order upwind stencil resolved the spanwise periodic turbulence. Although the dynamic subgrid-scale model showed strong participation on the instantaneous level, its spectral contributions were negligible regardless of the chosen grid-scale scheme. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 74, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jordansa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2003 VL 125 IS 5 BP 823 EP 834 DI 10.1115/1.1603302 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 733LC UT WOS:000186000900009 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Schultz, MP Flack, KA TI Turbulent boundary layers over surfaces smoothed by sanding SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ROUGH SURFACES AB Flat-plate turbulent boundary layer measurements have been made on painted surfaces, smoothed by sanding. The measurements were conducted in a closed return water tunnel, over a momentum thickness Reynolds number (Re (theta)) range of 3000 to 16,000, using a two-component laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The mean velocity and Reynolds stress profiles are compared with those for smooth and sandgrain rough walls. The results indicate an increase in the boundary layer thickness (delta) and the integral length scales for the unsanded, painted surface compared to a smooth wall. More significant increases in these parameters, as well as the skin-friction coefficient (C-f) were observed for the sandgrain surfaces. The sanded surfaces behave similarly to the smooth wall for these boundary layer parameters. The roughness functions (Delta U+) for the sanded surfaces measured in this study agree within their uncertainty with previous results obtained using towing tank tests and similarity law analysis. The present results indicate that the mean profiles for all of the surfaces collapse well in velocity defect form. The Reynolds stresses also show good collapse in the overlap and outer regions of the boundary layer when normalized with the wall shear stress. C1 USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2003 VL 125 IS 5 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1115/1.1598992 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 733LC UT WOS:000186000900013 ER PT J AU Burnett, WH Kamenkovich, VM Gordon, AL Mellor, GL AF Burnett, WH Kamenkovich, VM Gordon, AL Mellor, GL TI The Pacific/Indian Ocean pressure difference and its influence on the Indonesian Seas circulation: Part I - The study with specified total transports SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPTH-INTEGRATED FLOW; INDIAN-OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; LOMBOK STRAIT; CHOKED FLOWS; THROUGHFLOW; MODEL; VARIABILITY; EXCHANGE; WATER AB The main objective of this paper is to investigate the overall balance of momentum and energy within the Indonesian Seas to better understand the factors that control the total transport of the Indonesian Throughflow. Two models are used in the investigation: a "first-step" heuristic channel model and a more sophisticated "second-step," barotropic numerical model that incorporates high-resolution coastline and bottom topography. The experiments show that the barotropic model develops typical horizontal circulation patterns for the region. An analysis of the overall momentum and energy balances suggests that the total transport of the Indonesian Throughflow does not depend exclusively on the inter-ocean pressure difference but on other factors, including local winds, bottom form stresses, and the resultant of pressure forces acting on the internal sides. C1 USN, Naval Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Burnett, WH (reprint author), USN, Naval Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 61 IS 5 BP 577 EP 611 DI 10.1357/002224003771815963 PG 35 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754TY UT WOS:000187348800002 ER PT J AU Kamenkovich, VM Burnett, WH Gordon, AL Mellor, GL AF Kamenkovich, VM Burnett, WH Gordon, AL Mellor, GL TI The Pacific/Indian Ocean pressure difference and its influence on the Indonesian Seas circulation: Part II - The study with specified sea-surface heights SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In Part II we construct new numerical solutions to further analyze our results in Part I (Burnett et al., 2003), that indicate the lack of a unique relationship between the Pacific/Indian Ocean pressure difference and the total transport of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). These new solutions involve perturbations of the sea level relative to the original solutions. We present detailed analyses of the overall momentum and energy balances for these new solutions to stay consistent with the procedures developed in Part I. The results validate our conclusions regarding the lack of a unique relationship between the pressure head and the value of the total transport of the ITF. However, based on results from all the experiments, we have found that the seasonal variations of the total transport of the ITF are in phase with the pressure-head variations. Thus the hypothesis by Wyrtki (1987) that the pressure head, measured by the sea-surface-height difference between Davao (Philippines) and Darwin (Australia), is well correlated with the total transport is qualitatively supported. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Naval Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kamenkovich, VM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 61 IS 5 BP 613 EP 634 DI 10.1357/002224003771815972 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754TY UT WOS:000187348800003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JF Thomas, JP Renaud, JE AF Rodriguez, JF Thomas, JP Renaud, JE TI Design of fused-deposition ABS components for stiffness and strength SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN-METHODS; APPROXIMATION AB The high degree of automation of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) processing and its ability, to create geometrically complex parts to precise dimensions provide it with a unique potential for low volume production of rapid tooling and functional components. A factor of significant importance in the above applications is the capability of producing Components with adequate mechanical performance (e.g., stiffness and strength). This paper introduces a strategy for optimizing the design of Fused-Deposition Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Syrene (FD-ABS; P400) components for stiffness and strength under a given set of loading conditions. In this strategy, a mathematical model of the structural system is linked to an approximate minimization algorithm to find the settings of select manufacturing parameters, which optimize the mechanical performance of the component. The methodology is demonstrated by maximizing the load carrying capacity of a two-section cantilevered FD-ABS beam. C1 Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Mecan, Caracas, Venezuela. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Rodriguez, JF (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Mecan, Caracas, Venezuela. RI Rodriguez, Jose/H-4589-2011 OI Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0001-7612-266X NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 125 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1115/1.1582499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 723AH UT WOS:000185409900016 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F O'Reilly, WC Herbers, THC Jessen, PF AF Ardhuin, F O'Reilly, WC Herbers, THC Jessen, PF TI Swell transformation across the continental shelf. Part I: Attenuation and directional broadening SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BED BOTTOM FRICTION; OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA; SHEET FLOW; RIPPLES; EVOLUTION; MODEL; SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; CURRENTS; GEOMETRY AB Extensive wave measurements were collected on the North Carolina-Virginia continental shelf in the autumn of 1999. Comparisons of observations and spectral refraction computations reveal strong cross-shelf decay of energetic remotely generated swell with, for one particular event, a maximum reduction in wave energy of 93% near the Virginia coastline, where the shelf is widest. These dramatic energy losses were observed in light-wind conditions when dissipation in the surface boundary layer caused by wave breaking (whitecaps) was weak and wave propagation directions were onshore with little directional spreading. These observations suggest that strong dissipation of wave energy takes place in the bottom boundary layer. The inferred dissipation is weaker for smaller-amplitude swells. For the three swell events described here, observations are reproduced well by numerical model hindcasts using a parameterization of wave friction over a movable sandy bed. Directional spectra that are narrow off the shelf are observed to broaden significantly as waves propagate over the inner shelf, although refraction theory predicts a narrowing. This broadening generally agrees with predictions of Bragg scattering of random waves by the irregular seafloor topography. C1 Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), EPSHOM, CMO, 13 Rue Chatellier, F-29609 Brest, France. RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1921 EP 1939 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<1921:STATCS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 713VT UT WOS:000184879200004 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC Jessen, PF O'Reilly, WC AF Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC Jessen, PF O'Reilly, WC TI Swell transformation across the continental shelf. Part II: Validation of a spectral energy balance equation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE SPECTRUM; BOTTOM FRICTION; SURFACE-WAVES; DISSIPATION; SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; RIPPLES; WATER; MODEL; SEA AB State-of-the-art parameterizations of the interactions of waves with a sandy bottom are evaluated using extensive field observations of swell evolution across the North Carolina continental shelf and hindcasts performed with the spectral wave prediction model CREST. The spectral energy balance equation, including bottom friction and wave-bottom scattering source terms, was integrated numerically for selected time periods with swell-dominated conditions. Incident wave spectra at the model boundary were estimated from buoy measurements near the shelf break, assuming weak spatial variations in the offshore wave field. The observed strong and variable decay of the significant wave height across the shelf is predicted accurately with an overall scatter index of 0.15. Predicted wave directional properties at the peak frequency also agree well with observations, with a 58 root-mean-square error on the mean direction at the peak frequency and a 0.22 scatter index for the directional spread. Slight modifications are proposed for the laboratory-based empirical constants in the movable bed bottom friction source term, reducing the wave height scatter index to 0.13. A significant negative bias in the predicted directional spread (about -20%) suggests that other wave scattering processes not included in the energy balance equation broaden the wave field near the shore. Other residual errors may be largely the result of neglected spatial variations in the offshore wave conditions and, to a lesser extent, insufficient knowledge of the sediment properties. C1 Ctr Mil Oceanog, Serv Hydrog & Oceanog Marine, Brest, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), EPSHOM, CMO, 13 Rue Chatellier, F-29609 Brest, France. RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1940 EP 1953 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<1940:STATCS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 713VT UT WOS:000184879200005 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Elson, JM AF Halterman, K Elson, JM TI The electronic structure of normal metal-superconductor bilayers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; CONTACT; ANDREEV AB We study the electronic properties of ballistic thin normal metal-bulk superconductor heterojunctions by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations in the quasiclassical and microscopic 'exact' regimes. In particular, the significance of the proximity effect is examined through a series of self-consistent calculations of the space-dependent pair potential Delta(r). It is found that self-consistency cannot be neglected for normal metal layer widths smaller than the superconducting coherence length xi(0), revealing its importance through discernible features in the subgap density of states. Furthermore, the exact self-consistent treatment yields a proximity-induced gap in the normal metal spectrum, which vanishes monotonically when the normal metal length exceeds xi(0). Through a careful analysis of the excitation spectra, we find that quasiparticle trajectories with wavevectors oriented mainly along the interface play a critical role in the destruction of the energy gap. C1 USN, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93355 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93355 USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 34 BP 5837 EP 5844 AR PII S0953-8984(03)63179-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/34/313 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728QX UT WOS:000185728800017 ER PT J AU Li, CP Kailasanath, K AF Li, CP Kailasanath, K TI Partial fuel filling in pulse detonation engines SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 37th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 08-11, 2001 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB Partial fuel filling in pulse detonation engines (PDEs) is a fuel-filling strategy in which only a part of the PDE tube is filled with a combustible mixture and the rest of the tube with a nonreactive mixture. The structures of the pressure waves in the flowfield in partially filled PDEs are illustrated in detail by systematic numerical simulations. The simulations show those pressure waves control the development of the flowfield and, hence, the thrust production of the PDE. Based on the pressure information from the simulations, performance analysis is also conducted. The analysis shows that for a fuel section of a given length the impulse increases with the length of the nonreactive section, eventually approaching an asymptotic value. Hence, the partial fuel filling in a PDE increases the fuel-based specific impulse I-sp(f), which represents an improvement in the fuel efficiency for air-breathing applications, similar to the benefit generated by the bypass air introduced in gas-turbine jet engines. However, it does carry a penalty of reducing the total-mixture-based specific impulse I-sp(m) because less chemical energy is contained per unit volume. As a consequence, the total engine output from a PDE partially filled with the combustible mixture is lower compared to that from one fully filled with the combustible mixture. Lower I-sp(m) also implies reduction in fuel efficiency for PDE rocket applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 908 EP 916 DI 10.2514/2.6183 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 726YU UT WOS:000185629800020 ER PT J AU Busquet, A Klapisch, A Bar-Shalom, A AF Busquet, A Klapisch, A Bar-Shalom, A TI Absorption and emission profiles of unresolved arrays near local thermodynamic equilibrium SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE opacities; emissivities; unresolved transition arrays; super-transition arrays ID TRANSITION-ARRAYS; MODEL AB The absorption and emission arrays in the unresolved transition array (UTA) and super transition array (STA) models are usually assumed to have the same Gaussian spectral shape. It is shown, starting from a Boltzmann population distribution, that the assumption of profile identity for both absorption and emission is inconsistent with Kirchhoffs law. A correcting formula is established. It is extended to the cases where one or two effective population temperatures are involved. Examples are shown where the effect is noticeable. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21044 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Klapisch, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Code 6730,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0022--4073(03)00078-5 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000025 ER PT J AU Seely, J Doron, R Bar-Shalom, A Hudson, LT Stoeckl, C AF Seely, J Doron, R Bar-Shalom, A Hudson, LT Stoeckl, C TI Hard X-ray emission from laser-produced plasmas of U and Pb recorded by a transmission crystal spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; plasma spectroscopy; highly charged ions ID SPECTRA; MODEL AB Hard X-ray spectra from laser-produced plasmas were recorded by a transmission crystal survey spectrometer covering the 12-60 keV energy range with a resolving power of E/DeltaEcongruent to100. This emission is of interest for the development of hard X-ray backlighters and hot electron diagnostics. Foils of U and Pb were irradiated at the OMEGA laser facility by 24 beams (12 on each side), each with an energy of congruent to500 J, a pulse duration of 1 ns, and no beam smoothing. The beams were focused to a 50 mum diameter spot on the target plane. The spectra typically exhibit a few intense and relatively narrow features in the 12-22 keV energy range. Initial analysis suggests that these hard X-ray features are inner-shell transitions resulting from L-shell vacancies created by energetic electrons. The observed transition energies are slightly higher than the neutral-atom characteristic X-ray energies. Calculations suggest that the transitions are in the Ni-like or lower ionization stages. The analysis further indicates that opacity effects play an important role in producing the spectra. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00092-X PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 699VQ UT WOS:000184077000039 ER PT J AU Plourd, DM Rayburn, WE AF Plourd, DM Rayburn, WE TI New contraceptive methods SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ONCE-A-MONTH; DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; HORMONE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS; MONTH INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES; COMPARATIVE CLINICAL-TRIAL; VAGINAL RING; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; ORTHO EVRA(TM)/EVRA(TM); ETHINYL ESTRADIOL; CYCLE CONTROL AB OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the current trend toward increasing use of emergency postcoital contraception, continuous (or "extended-use") oral contraceptives (OCs) and longer-acting contraceptive delivery systems. DATA SOURCES: This review is based largely upon patient care-oriented clinical experience data, including some original work submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration by the primary investigators of these novel methods, supplemented, when appropriate, with basic pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic information. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: This review is a distillation based on an exhaustive literature search of each of the following topics: emergency postcoital contraception, continuous (extended-use) oral contraception, the weekly patch, the monthly vaginal ring and the monthly injectable. The issue of OC formulations recently begun to be marketed in this country was excluded since they have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. RESULTS: Emergency postcoital contraception is highly effective, though not as effective as available proactive methods of hormonal contraception. Of the popular regimens available, all have similar efficacy; those without estrogen are associated with less nausea and vomiting. The prophylactic administration of an antiemetic 1 hour prior to the first contraceptive dose can mitigate this adverse side effect. Continuous (or ''extended'' use) of OCs has become increasingly popular. This can decrease or eliminate menstruation as well as several menstruation-related complaints (e.g., dysmenorrhea, menstrual migraines and premenstrual symptoms). Despite the fact that combination OC regimens offer highly reliable contraception as well as several noncontraceptive health benefits, they arc limited by the issue of daily compliance. To address this limitation, several longer-acting delivery systems were recently developed. The weekly patch, monthly vaginal ring and monthly injectable have efficacy and side effect profiles similar to those of comparable OC formulations. They offer the advantages of longer action and lower and more steady steroid levels and are free of the challenges associated with daily compliance. CONCLUSION. We need to continue to develop new and highly effective means of contraception that offer women ease of use and minimal side effects, hence leading to successful and effective use. C1 USN Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Plourd, DM (reprint author), USN Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 37430 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 BP 665 EP 671 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 723YU UT WOS:000185459800001 PM 14562628 ER PT J AU Parsons, B Swift, DJP Williams, K AF Parsons, B Swift, DJP Williams, K TI Quaternary facies assemblages and their bounding surfaces, Chesapeake Bay mouth: An approach to mesoscale stratigraphic analysis SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN DELMARVA PENINSULA; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; INNER SHELF; EASTERN SHORE; VIRGINIA; EVOLUTION; USA; CURRENTS; SYSTEMS; ESTUARY AB Shallow marine facies assemblages in the late Quaternary section of Virginia's Eastern Shore Peninsula shed new light on the relationship between mesoscale stratigraphic units (facies assemblages or "depositional systems") and the bounding surfaces from which they have been formed. These units were deposited by the coast-parallel progradation of the Pleistocene barrier spit (Eastern Shore Peninsula) during successive highstands. As a consequence, each segment of the spit complex has been produced by the coast-parallel translation of a relatively small growth area at the spit tip. The distal end of the present (Holocene) barrier system appears to closely resemble the Pleistocene highstand growth area, and this environment consequently serves as a partial analog for interpreting the depositional environment of the fossil highstand deposits. The many facies patterns present in the spit complex can be reduced to four kinds of facies assemblages (depositional systems), adopting a process-based model (facies template). In this scheme, definitions of both "facies" and "facies assemblage" are more limited than is the case in most textbook definitions in that the facies of a given assemblage are systematically related to each other by grain size and stratal pattern, and also related to a bounding surface ("source diastem") which is the immediate source of sediment for the facies assemblage. Vertical transitions between individual facies are easily identified in outcrop, but the horizontal gradients of facies change are too gentle to be observed over the short dimensions of the borrow pits, and do not have sufficient acoustic contrast to appear on ground-penetrating radar records. However, the facies assemblages, both in the borrow pits and on radar records, stand out by virtue of their sharply defined bounding surfaces (source diastems). The facies assemblage either buries its source diastem or is capped by it. The assemblages in the spit complex are, in ascending stratigraphic order: (1) several tidal shoal assemblages, each underlain by a channel-base diastem, (2) Two shoreface assemblages separated by an intervening marginal shoal assemblage and its underlying channel-base diastem, and (3) a beach-strandplain assemblage, underlain by a surf diastem. All of these systems prograded southward as the nose of the spit prograded, and while they did so, zones of erosion cut the bounding surfaces that separate them. Two important bounding surfaces are "conjugate" surfaces, that nourished both the facies assemblage above and the assemblage beneath. As each surface advanced, erosion at their leading edge spilled sediment forward, down the nose of the spit, while sediment was also swept backward, aiding in the burial of the surface. A conjugate surface creates a "sandwich" structure, in which two facies assemblages are separated by the generating surface. Proximal facies are back-to-back across these sediment-spreading boundaries. Episodic progradation of the spit tip by development of successive, recurved, beach ridges has overprinted the horizontal first-order reflectors (separating facies assemblages) with gently dipping second-order reflectors that separate successive growth increments of the spit. Although less clearly defined, these growth increments are essentially high-frequency autocyclic sequences, and constitute the next higher scale of spatial organization above the depositional systems scale. The manner in which facies have been organized into depositional systems in the late Pleistocene highstand deposits of the Eastern Shore is specific to this estuary-mouth setting. These assemblages are, however, local expressions of a facies "template" that can be generalized to many other settings. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parsons, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155 NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 BP 672 EP 690 DI 10.1306/012103730672 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 719XV UT WOS:000185231100003 ER PT J AU Simpson, HJ Houston, BH Liskey, SW Frank, PA Berdoz, AR Kraus, LA Frederickson, CK Stanic, S AF Simpson, HJ Houston, BH Liskey, SW Frank, PA Berdoz, AR Kraus, LA Frederickson, CK Stanic, S TI At-sea measurements of sound penetration into sediments using a buried vertical synthetic array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VOLUME SCATTERING; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SANDY BOTTOM; PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; MODEL AB Acoustic bottom penetration experiments were carried out in a medium-grain sandy bottom at a site in St. Andrews Bay, Florida. These investigations used a new buried, vertical, one-dimensional synthetic array system where a small hydrophone was water-jetted into the sediment to a depth of similar to2 m. Once buried, this hydrophone was mounted to a vertical robotics stage that translated the hydrophone upward in 1-cm increments. A broadband (3 to 80 kHz) spherical source, positioned 50 cm above the sediment-water interface, was used to insonify the sediment. Measurements were made with insonification angles above and below the critical angle by changing the horizontal distance of the source relative to the insertion point. This new measurement system is detailed, and results are presented that include temporal, frequency, and wavenumber analysis for natural and roughened interfaces. The measured compressional sound speed and attenuation are shown to be self-consistent using the Kramers-Kronig relation. Furthermore, only a single fast compressional wave was observed. There was no observation of a second slower compressional wave as predicted by some applications of the Biot model to unconsolidated water-saturated porous media. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Simpson, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Code 7136, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Frederickson, Carl/F-9335-2013 OI Frederickson, Carl/0000-0002-3748-0058 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1281 EP 1290 DI 10.1121/1.1594192 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 720PQ UT WOS:000185269500008 PM 14514181 ER PT J AU Williams, EG Houston, BH Herdic, PC AF Williams, EG Houston, BH Herdic, PC TI Fast Fourier transform and singular value decomposition formulations for patch near-field acoustical holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; SOURCE RECONSTRUCTION; INVERSE METHODS; SOURCE STRENGTH; EQUATION; GEOMETRIES; RESOLUTION AB Nearfield acoustical holography (NAH) requires the, measurement of the pressure field over a complete surface in order to recover the normal velocity on a nearby concentric surface, the latter generally coincident with a vibrator. Patch NAH provides a major simplification by eliminating the need for complete surface pressure scans-only a small area needs to be scanned to determine the normal velocity on the corresponding (small area) concentric patch on the vibrator. The theory of patch NAH is based on (1) an analytic continuation of the patch pressure which provides a spatially tapered aperture extension of the field and (2) a decomposition of the transfer function (pressure to velocity and/or pressure to pressure) between the two surfaces using the singular value decomposition (SVD) for general shapes and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for planar surfaces. Inversion of the transfer function is stabilized using Tikhonov regularization and the Morozov discrepancy principle. Experimental results show that root mean square errors of the normal velocity reconstruction for a point-driven vibrator over 200-2700 Hz average less than 20% for two small, concentric patch surfaces 0.4 cm apart. Reconstruction of the active normal acoustic intensity was also, successful, with less than 30% error over the frequency band. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1322 EP 1333 DI 10.1121/1.1603767 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 720PQ UT WOS:000185269500012 PM 14514185 ER PT J AU Gragg, RF AF Gragg, RF TI Doppler sidebands in the cross-spectral density of narrow-band reverberation from a dynamic sea surface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-SURFACE; POINT-SOURCE; OCEAN SURFACE; SCATTERING; SOUND; WAVES AB Analytic methods are used to formulate the impact of a random dynamic sea surface on the space-frequency characteristics of bistatic reverberation. A narrow-band point source is positioned beneath the time-dependent surface of a range-independent ocean. The small-waveheight perturbative approximation is invoked, and attention is focused on the Doppler sideband contributions to the reverberation cross-spectral density for an arbitrarily placed receiver pair. The new expression that results is identified as an active scattering generalization of the van Cittert-Zernike theorem from classical partial coherence theory. This work is the first to explicitly predict the sideband structure in the cross-spectral density of the field scattered from a realistic moving sea surface. A numerical example is presented for a shallow source and shallow receivers in a homogeneous ocean. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gragg, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.1121/1.1595654 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 720PQ UT WOS:000185269500018 PM 14514191 ER PT J AU Brown, JR Mickle, RE Yates, M Zhai, J AF Brown, JR Mickle, RE Yates, M Zhai, J TI Optimizing an aerial spray for mosquito control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aqua-Reslin (R); aerial spray; model AB The role of proper flight line positioning was demonstrated to be critical for maximizing product efficacy when spraying in crosswinds by small-droplet spray strategies. Characterization studies indicated clearly that aircraft height, small drop emission distribution, and the ambient winds combine to dilute the spray cloud before impacting surface targets. A 5-fold increase in mortality was achieved when we used optimization techniques to position the aircraft during a crosswind treatment test. C1 Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. REMSpC Spray Consultants, Ayr, ON, Canada. Bayer Environm Sci, Montvale, NJ 07645 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 722LB UT WOS:000185375300009 PM 14524546 ER PT J AU Li, T Wang, B Chang, CP Zhang, YS AF Li, T Wang, B Chang, CP Zhang, YS TI A theory for the Indian Ocean dipole-zonal mode SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIATIONS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; MONSOON; PACIFIC; ENSO; CIRCULATION AB Four fundamental differences of air-sea interactions between the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are identified based on observational analyses and physical reasoning. The first difference is represented by the strong contrast of a zonal cloud-SST phase relationship between the warm and cool oceans. The in-phase cloud SST relationship in the warm oceans leads to a strong negative feedback, while a significant phase difference in the cold tongue leads to a much weaker thermodynamic damping. The second difference arises from the reversal of the basic-state zonal wind and the tilting of the ocean thermocline, which leads to distinctive effects of ocean waves. The third difference lies in the existence of the Asian monsoon and its interaction with the adjacent oceans. The fourth difference is that the southeast Indian Ocean is a region where a positive atmosphere ocean thermodynamic feedback exists in boreal summer. A conceptual coupled atmosphere-ocean model was constructed aimed to understand the origin of the Indian Ocean dipole-zonal mode (IODM). In the model, various positive and negative air-sea feedback processes were considered. Among them were the cloud-radiation-SST feedback, the evaporation-SST-wind feedback, the thermocline-SST feedback, and the monsoon-ocean feedback. Numerical results indicate that the IODM is a dynamically coupled atmosphere-ocean mode whose instability depends on the annual cycle of the basic state. It tends to develop rapidly in boreal summer but decay in boreal winter. As a result, the IODM has a distinctive evolution characteristic compared to the El Nino. Sensitivity experiments suggest that the IODM is a weakly damped oscillator in the absence of external forcing, owing to a strong negative cloud-SST feedback and a deep mean thermocline in the equatorial Indian Ocean. A thermodynamic air-sea (TAS) feedback arises from the interaction between an anomalous atmospheric anticyclone and a cold SST anomaly (SSTA) off Sumatra. Because of its dependence on the basic-state wind, the nature of this TAS feedback is season dependent. A positive feedback occurs only in northern summer when the southeasterly flow is pronounced. It becomes a negative feedback in northern winter when the northwesterly wind is pronounced. The phase locking of the IODM can be, to a large extent, explained by this seasonal-dependent TAS feedback. The biennial tendency of the IODM is attributed to the monsoon-ocean feedback and the remote El Nino forcing that has a quasi-biennial component. In the presence of realistic Nino-3 SSTA forcing, the model is capable of simulating IODM events during the last 50 yr that are associated with the El Nino, indicating that ENSO is one of triggering mechanisms. The failure of simulation of the 1961 and 1994 events suggests that other types of climate forcings in addition to the ENSO must play a role in triggering an IODM event. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 36 TC 154 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 60 IS 17 BP 2119 EP 2135 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2119:ATFTIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713DV UT WOS:000184841500005 ER PT J AU Long, JW Young, AL Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Young, AL Rolison, DR TI Spectroelectrochemical characterization of nanostructured, mesoporous manganese oxide in aqueous electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIVE CYCLIC VOLTABSORPTOMETRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTROCHROMIC BEHAVIOR; REDOX PROCESSES; THIN-FILMS; STORAGE; SPECTROVOLTAMMETRY; SUPERCAPACITOR; MECHANISM; INSERTION AB Manganese oxide (MnOx) xerogel and ambigel films were investigated as ultracapacitor electrodes in unbuffered aqueous electrolytes. These nanostructured, mesoporous gels, derived from the sol-gel reaction of NaMnO4 . OH2O and fumaric acid, were cast as continuous thin films on indium-tin oxide glass. Further processing of the wet gels produces birnessite NadMnO(2) . xH(2)O nanoarchitectures in either a densified xerogel or a highly porous ambigel form. The pseudocapacitances of these mesoporous MnOx films in unbuffered aqueous electrolytes are characterized by spectroelectrochemical methods. Monitoring the changes in the optical absorbance during electrochemical cycling provides an in situ measure of the electronic state of the MnOx as the electrode is charged and discharged. Manganese oxide films prepared as highly porous ambigels exhibit a more capacitive-like character than xerogels, and also undergo less capacity loss with cycling. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 150 IS 9 BP A1161 EP A1165 DI 10.1149/1.1593651 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 710GU UT WOS:000184673100002 ER PT J AU Hill, JM AF Hill, JM TI The North Sea world in the Middle Ages: Studies in the cultural history of North-Western Europe SO JOURNAL OF THE MIDWEST MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDWEST MODERN LANGUAGE ASSN PI IOWA CITY PA UNIV IOWA 302 ENGLISH-PHILOSOPHY BLDG, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA SN 0742-5562 J9 J MIDWEST MOD LANG JI J. Midwest Mod. Lang. Assoc. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 36 IS 2 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.2307/1315301 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA 734KG UT WOS:000186054500003 ER PT J AU Guerin, DC Fernsler, RF Shamamian, VA AF Guerin, DC Fernsler, RF Shamamian, VA TI Measurements of neutral plasma species in an argon/isopropyl alcohol plasma for the deposition of organic films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID PULSED PLASMA; THIN-FILM; IONIZATION POTENTIALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROCARBON FILMS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; POLYMER-FILMS; FREE RADICALS; ACRYLIC-ACID; ION ENERGY AB The neutral gas-phase chemistry of an isopropyl alcohol/argon pulsed plasma was investigated. Appearance potential mass spectrometry was used to identify the neutral species present in the plasma. This article complements the previously published study of the positive ion flux to the deposition surface. Of particular interest was the identification of the reactive species in the plasma that exist as neutrals as we 11 as ions. We determined that neutral radicals were produced by hydrogen-exchange mechanisms as well as electron-impact dissociation reactions. The electron-impact dissociation ionization of the precursor in the plasma resulted in reactive ions that did not occur as neutral species. A byproduct of this reaction was a large concentration of the neutral methyl radical. At low pressures, the methyl radicals diffuse to the surface and are incorporated into the deposited films. At elevated pressures, the neutral methyl radicals abstract hydrogen from gas-phase isopropyl alcohol molecules to form methane. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the plasma becomes more remote from the deposition surface. Molecular ions created in the remote discharge preserve their chemical identity while diffusing to the surface, since the energies of charge-exchange limit the extent of reaction with the precursor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guerin, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1724 EP 1733 DI 10.1116/1.1598971 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 726PL UT WOS:000185608100028 ER PT J AU Murday, JS AF Murday, JS TI Nanoscience and its relationship to the AVS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article AB Nanometer structures have played a role in technology for millennia, but empirically derived. The invention of surface analytical tools in the 1960s/70s enabled science with one dimension in the nanometer range; commercial products based on that science are significant and growing. The invention of the proximal probes (scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy) has stimulated science with all dimensions-0 (dots, clusters, macromolecules), 1 (wires, tubes), 2 (vicinal surfaces),. 3 (nanostructured composites)-in the nanometer range. The U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative, and its equivalents in other countries, seek to accelerate progress in the scientific phase of discovery and invention, and to transition rapidly those innovations into technological opportunities. Building on its foundations in surface science, surface analysis, and electronics materials processing, the AVS has played a significant role in first creating and then promoting that progress. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murday, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 SU S BP S191 EP S193 DI 10.1116/1.1600455 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 727QZ UT WOS:000185671100029 ER PT J AU Singer, IL Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Scharf, TW AF Singer, IL Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Scharf, TW TI Role of third bodies in friction and wear of protective coatings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SLIDING CONTACT; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; TRANSFER FILMS; MOS2 COATINGS; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; COMPOSITE COATINGS; ION-IMPLANTATION; DEBRIS FORMATION AB The, literature on protective tribological coatings often focuses on correlations with measurable coating properties (composition, structure, and mechanical) but ignores the mechanisms of friction and wear. In fact, long-lived coatings often survive because of third bodies that form inside the moving contact. This article reviews earlier studies of third body processes carried out by mainly ex situ methods and reports more recent studies investigating third body processes using in situ techniques. Direct evidence that third bodies control friction and wear processes has been obtained with a tribometer incorporating in situ optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Videotapes and Raman spectra of the sliding contact were recorded during reciprocating sliding tests performed in both dry and humid air with transparent hemispheres. (glass or sapphire). Third body processes were correlated directly to friction and wear behavior of three low friction coatings: amorphous Pb-Mo-S; diamond-like carbon (DLC); and annealed boron carbide. In all three cases, the friction behavior could be explained in terms of the relative motion between. a transfer film on the hemisphere and the wear track. With amorphous Pb-Mo-S, the transfer film was MoS2; with DLC, it was a graphite-like carbon; and with annealed boron carbide, it was either a mix of H3BO3 and carbon (at mu=0.08) or, when the H3BO3 wore away, carbon alone (at mu=0.2). Friction rises with Pb-Mo-S and DLC in humid air were ascribed to a change in interfacial shear strength; friction spikes and fluctuations with DLC were associated with periodic loss of transfer film thickness. For all three coatings, interfacial sliding between transfer film and wear track on coating was the dominant velocity accommodation mode. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Engn Technol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM singer@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 80 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 34 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 SU S BP S232 EP S240 DI 10.1116/1.1599869 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 727QZ UT WOS:000185671100035 ER PT J AU Lindsay, FW Mullin, D Keefe, MA AF Lindsay, FW Mullin, D Keefe, MA TI Subacute hypoglossal nerve paresis with internal carotid artery dissection SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Eastern Section of the Triological-Society CY JAN 25, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Triol Soc, Eastern Sect DE hypoglossal nerve paresis; internal carotid artery dissection; dysarthria; hemiparesis ID PALSIES; STROKE AB Objectives. To describe a case of an isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy in a patient with a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD). This condition is a well-recognized cause of cerebral ischemic stroke in patients younger than 45 years of age. Isolated cranial nerve neuropathy is a rare presentation. More common manifestations include incomplete hemiparesis, hemicrania, Horner syndrome, cervical bruit, pulsatile tinnitus, and multiple cranial nerve palsies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search (Ovid, MEDLINE) for the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and outcome of patients with internal carotid artery dissection was performed. Results: A 43-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of mild dysarthria. There was no history of craniocervical trauma. The physical examination revealed an isolated left hypoglossal nerve paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography findings were consistent with a left skull base ICAD. The patient was successfully treated with anticoagulation therapy. The current rate of cranial nerve involvement is estimated at 10% of all ICADs. This is the second report of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy without hemicrania in a case of atraumatic ICAD. Conclusions: Patients with an ICAD infrequently present to the otolaryngologist because of its head and neck manifestations. It is crucial to recognize atypical findings and to perform an accurate and prompt diagnostic evaluation. The foundation of treatment is aggressive anticoagulation, with surgical or radiologic intervention reserved for cases demonstrating life-threatening progression. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lindsay, FW (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD SEP PY 2003 VL 113 IS 9 BP 1530 EP 1533 DI 10.1097/00005537-200309000-00022 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 721AB UT WOS:000185293900020 PM 12972929 ER PT J AU Hankin, S Bernard, L Cornillon, P Grassle, F Legler, D Lever, J Worley, S AF Hankin, S Bernard, L Cornillon, P Grassle, F Legler, D Lever, J Worley, S TI Designing the data and communications infrastructure for the US Integrated Ocean Observing System SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Central to the vision of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a data management infrastructure that joins Federal, regional, state, municipal, academic, and commercial partners in a seamless data-sharing framework. The Data Management and Communications (DMAQ Subsystem of IOOS must be capable of integrating the full spectrum of marine data types and products. The design of the DMAC Subsystem is made particularly challenging by three competing factors: 1) Me data types to be integrated are heterogeneous and have complex structure; 2) Me holdings are physically distributed, with some individual partners contributing petabytes; and 3) IOOS is a loose federation of many organizations, large and small, without a corporate management hierarchy. Designing the DMAC Subsystem goes beyond solving problems of software engineering; the most demanding aspects of the solution lie in community behavior. A plan for the subsystem is described. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. USN, Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Hankin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 755KV UT WOS:000187402800011 ER PT J AU Venezia, W Baxley, W Tatro, P Dhanak, M Driscoll, R Beaujean, PP Shock, S Glegg, S An, E Luther, M Weisberg, B DeFerrari, H Williams, N Nguyen, H Shay, N Van Leer, J Dodge, D Gilliam, D Soloviev, A Pomponi, S Crane, M Carter, K AF Venezia, W Baxley, W Tatro, P Dhanak, M Driscoll, R Beaujean, PP Shock, S Glegg, S An, E Luther, M Weisberg, B DeFerrari, H Williams, N Nguyen, H Shay, N Van Leer, J Dodge, D Gilliam, D Soloviev, A Pomponi, S Crane, M Carter, K TI SFOMC: A successful navy and academic partnership providing sustained ocean observation capabilities in the Florida Straits SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST FLORIDA; SHELF AB To succeed at developing a nationwide Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), stakeholders in academia, government, and industry must forge and maintain strategic partnerships. The South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) is such a partnership model and mutually beneficial collaboration that is conducting year-in and year-out major at-sea operations, sustaining the operation of a complex array of sub sea sensors, and providing the maintenance and the shore-based infrastructure to support both. The transformation of a longstanding, narrowly focused, and somewhat antiquated (but highly capable) Navy test and evaluation facility is described. Formerly plagued with a decreasing customer base and increasing operational costs, the Center's transformation into this now fully integrated coalition has mitigated these forerunners of extinction while answering both Navy and academic needs. The successful partnership has resulted in modern facilities, a broad customer base, and steadily decreasing costs of operation. Examples are provided that demonstrate the ability of the Navy's South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF) to realize user cost savings and to aid in the convergence of interest and capabilities among a variety of user groups toward the solution of problems of national concern, including naval research, homeland security, and environmental stewardship. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, S Florida Testing Facil, Washington, DC USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Venezia, W (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, S Florida Testing Facil, Washington, DC USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 81 EP 91 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 755KV UT WOS:000187402800015 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RG Clark, AM Cooke, J AF Gilmore, RG Clark, AM Cooke, J TI Technologies for sustained biological resource observations with potential applications in coastal homeland security SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Of all the classical oceanographic disciplines, we are probably least well equipped to further the understanding of biological oceanography through the data that will be provided by an Integrated Sustained Ocean Observing System (IOOS). What's more, some of the same federal agencies that would normally be approached to invest in the development of new sensor systems for IOOS biological applications are now faced with more pressing priorities - homeland security among them - all competing for the same limited resources. This paper introduces some technologies and applications that are capable of conducting sustained biological oceanographic observations and how these technologies may be used for ocean biological resource assessment while simultaneously helping to secure our nation's borders. Particular emphasis is given to passive acoustic systems that may be employed both to monitor biota as well as anthropogenic activity. Also discussed are potential dual use applications in both oceanography and USCG mission execution, including High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR). Finally, a number of existing and emerging telemetry techniques and systems are described that may provide the extensive data connectivity for the offshore sensors required of the IOOS, as well as improve coastal security. C1 Dynam Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Gilmore, RG (reprint author), Dynam Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 134 EP 141 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 755KV UT WOS:000187402800020 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, R TI The neoliberal model's planned role in Iraq's economic transition SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LATIN-AMERICA AB For many in the Bush Administration Iraq is now the test case for whether the US can create, through introducing a series of neoliberal economic reforms, a system of American style free market capitalism in the Arab world. The neoliberal model as applied to Iraq's economic transformation will entail a policy mix stressing a greater role for the market in the allocation of resources, a much-reduced role for the state, and increasing integration in the world economy. Although the model appears sound in terms of its theoretical construct and empirical validity, questions remain concerning its likely success in the Iraqi context. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 57 IS 4 BP 568 EP 586 PG 19 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 742JE UT WOS:000186513000002 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, R TI A monetary/exchange-rate strategy for the reconstruction of Iraq SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD FAL PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1111/1475-4967.00115 PG 10 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 714YZ UT WOS:000184944200004 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM AF Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM TI Psychosocial and health correlates of types of traumatic event exposures among US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Symposium on Health Issues of Military and Veteran Women CY JUN 06-07, 2002 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; VICTIMS; DISASTER; PREVALENCE; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; IMPACT; SAMPLE; INJURY; WOMEN AB The prevalence of lifetime exposure to violence, natural disaster, or major accidents involving injuries or fatalities was examined in the largest population-based epidemiologic survey of U.S. military personnel to date. The psychosocial and health effects of types of exposure experience (witness only, victim/survivor, relief worker), gender differences, and social support were also evaluated. Over 15,000 active duty U.S. military personnel from stratified random samples of active duty U.S. personnel from all services responded to either mail questionnaires and/or worksite surveys. The lifetime exposure to one or more traumatic events was 65%; the most prevalent trauma for men was witnessing a major accident, and for women, witnessing a natural disaster. Victims of any traumatic event were at twice the risk of having two or more physical and mental health problems than nonexposed controls. Health outcomes of trauma exposure vary by type of traumatic event: type of exposure experience, rank, and gender. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92168 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 168 IS 9 BP 736 EP 743 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LH UT WOS:000186403500012 PM 14529250 ER PT J AU Storer, RM AF Storer, RM TI A simple cost-benefit analysis of brief interventions on substance abuse at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOLISM-TREATMENT; PREVALENCE AB To determine the impact of brief interventions on substance abuse at the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, a retrospective review of all admissions in fiscal year 2001 was conducted. Patients receiving brief interventions had significantly lower readmission rates (12.6%) than those not receiving interventions (29.4%). For Internal Medicine patients, this difference was most pronounced: 15.4% as opposed to 40.0%. The average cost of a second admission was $17,834.31 overall but $23,690.78 for Internal Medicine specifically. The lower readmission rate associated with brief interventions represents a benefit of $606,366.54 saved at a cost of $31,508.50 for a cost-benefit ratio of 19:1. The data indicate a cost avoidance opportunity of $713,372.40 if all identified substance abuse patients received interventions. Perhaps most significant, the gap between expected and identified substance use disorders (3.7% vs. 25%) suggests 3,400 unidentified persons who could benefit from interventions. This represents an additional cost avoidance opportunity of $10,200,000.00. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Addict Med Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. RP Storer, RM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Addict Med Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 168 IS 9 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 740LH UT WOS:000186403500017 PM 14529255 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL AF Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL TI Simulations of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Contributions by the midlatitude upper-level trough to reintensification SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TRANSFORMATION STAGE; PART I; MODEL; MESOSCALE; EVOLUTION AB The extratropical cyclone development processes during the reintensification stage of an extratropical transition from a tropical cyclone (TC) are described using numerical simulations. Three control simulations without a tropical cyclone present examine the extratropical cyclogenesis associated with upper-level troughs that are characterized as weak, moderate, and strong. When no tropical cyclone is included in the simulation, the minimum surface pressures attained with the weak, moderate, and strong troughs are 1003, 991, and 977 mb, respectively. In all three cases, the low tilts northwestward with height during intensification, and the rainfall pattern and eventual occlusion are representative of classic extratropical cyclone development. The interactions of a tropical cyclone with each of the three midlatitude circulation patterns are compared with the control simulations to illustrate the contributions to the extratropical transition of the tropical cyclone. In the three trough-with-TC cases, the minimum surface pressures were almost identical ( 967, 965, and 959 mb). Thus, the final intensity of the extratropical cyclone is not only related to the strength of the upper-level trough but must also be related to the structure of the basic midlatitude environment. The proper phasing of the tropical cyclone with the midlatitude trough results in substantial enhancement of the upper-level divergence. In addition, higher theta(e) values in the lower troposphere associated with the tropical cyclone remnants are absorbed in the developing extratropical cyclone. The lifting of this moist air results in precipitation that is greater in both amount and areal extent, which enhances extratropical development when compared with the control cases. Based on these simulations, an important conclusion is that a weak midlatitude trough interacting with tropical cyclone remnants may have as much potential to intensify, as does a moderate or strong trough, and may have longer periods of rapid intensification. A development potential parameter based on the three main factors in the Petterssen development equation (upper-level divergence, midlevel positive vorticity advection, and low-level temperature advection) is calculated for all simulations. The strength and areal extent of the development parameter has utility in predicting where and whether extratropical cyclogenesis will occur during the reintensification stage of extratropical transition. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ritchie, EA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, EECE Bldg,Rm 125, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ritchie@eece.unm.edu RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 131 IS 9 BP 2112 EP 2128 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2112:SOTETO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715BY UT WOS:000184951700010 ER PT J AU Young, GS Sikora, TD AF Young, GS Sikora, TD TI Mesoscale stratocumulus bands caused by Gulf Stream meanders SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAKE-MICHIGAN; UNITED-STATES; CLOUD LINES; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; BREEZE; WAVES; ROLLS; SNOW AB Examination of visible and infrared imagery from geosynchronous and polar orbiter satellites reveals the occasional existence of mesoscale cloud bands of unusual width and area, originating over the open northwest Atlantic Ocean during cold-air outbreaks. This phenomenon is of both dynamic and synoptic interest. As a dynamic phenomenon, it represents a mesoscale flow that is driven by transient surface features, which are meanders in the Gulf Stream. The forcing geometry and the resulting cloud pattern are similar in many respects to the anomalous cloud lines observed downwind of Chesapeake and Delaware Bays in similar conditions. These open ocean cloud bands are often of a larger scale, however, because the Gulf Stream meanders represent the largest-scale high-amplitude "coastal features'' in the western North Atlantic. These cloud bands are of synoptic interest because, when present, they play a major role in determining the cloud pattern over much of this oceanic region. Examination of surface and 850-hPa analyses demonstrates that these open ocean cloud bands occur during cold-air outbreaks and that they align approximately with the boundary layer wind. Comparison of visible and infrared satellite imagery with contemporaneous sea surface temperature analyses derived from infrared polar orbiter satellite imagery reveals that the open ocean cloud bands originate at the upwind end of Gulf Stream meanders. Climatological data and synoptic observations from land and sea indicate that these events occur only during that part of the spring season in which coastal temperature differences are small but cold-air outbreaks continue to reach the Gulf Stream. Examination of this observational evidence suggests that these open ocean cloud bands result from mesoscale solenoidal circulations driven by the horizontal gradients in sea surface temperature caused by Gulf Stream meanders. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Young, GS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 131 IS 9 BP 2177 EP 2191 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2177:MSBCBG>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 715BY UT WOS:000184951700013 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Mattoussi, H Goldman, ER Fisher, B Mauro, JM AF Medintz, IL Clapp, AR Mattoussi, H Goldman, ER Fisher, B Mauro, JM TI Self-assembled nanoscale biosensors based on quantum dot FRET donors SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; BINDING-PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE; ZNS; CONSTRUCTION; MARKER; DESIGN AB The potential of luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to enable development of hybrid inorganic-bioreceptor sensing materials has remained largely unrealized. We report the design, formation and testing of QD-protein assemblies that function as chemical sensors. In these assemblies, multiple copies of Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP) coordinate to each QD by a C-terminal oligohistidine segment and function as sugar receptors. Sensors are self-assembled in solution in a controllable manner. In one configuration, a beta-cyclodextrin-QSY9 dark quencher conjugate bound in the MBP saccharide binding site results in fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) quenching of QD photoluminescence. Added maltose displaces the beta-cyclodextrin-QSY9, and QD photoluminescence increases in a systematic manner. A second maltose sensor assembly consists of QDs coupled with Cy3-labelled MBP bound to beta-cyclodextrin-Cy3.5. In this case, the QD donor drives sensor function through a two-step FRET mechanism that overcomes inherent QD donor-acceptor distance limitations. Quantum dot-biomolecule assemblies constructed using these methods may facilitate development of new hybrid sensing materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mauro, JM (reprint author), Mol Probes Inc, 29851 Willow Creek Rd, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. NR 41 TC 1040 Z9 1063 U1 69 U2 608 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 2 IS 9 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1038/nmat961 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 717FP UT WOS:000185076300023 PM 12942071 ER PT J AU Renick, D Hanson, C AF Renick, D Hanson, C TI A systems approach to the propeller redesign for the US Navy SEAL swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper details work undertaken at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to improve the overall performance of the Navy SEAL swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV Mk VIII Mod 1) through the design of a wake adapted propeller to replace the existing stock propeller. First, an analysis was conducted of the currently installed propeller using a lifting surface vortex lattice propeller code developed at MIT by Kerwin. This gave the performance required for a new propeller. To start the design process, a lifting line propeller design code developed at MIT by Kerwin was used to find the potential efficiency gains possible with a wake-adapted propeller with minimal hub drag. Then, a circuit model of the propulsion electric motor was derived and coupled with the lifting line program to match the operating point between the redesigned propeller and the motor. The result of this coupled analysis was a numerical prediction for the reduction in battery amperage draw. A prototype propeller was manufactured and tested, resulting in an 8.9% reduction in battery current discharge. C1 USN, Groton, CT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 115 IS 4 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2003.tb00240.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 757VX UT WOS:000187583100001 ER PT J AU Latorre, R Philips, R Miller, A AF Latorre, R Philips, R Miller, A TI Investigation of silicone and self-polishing bottom coating for high-speed craft SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Successful operation of high-speed craft requires close attention to the bottom hull coating system. A new generation of smooth anti-fouling paints, with no adverse environmental impact, are being introduced to replace the tri-butal tin (TBT) based coatings, banned in 2003 by IMO convention. This paper presents the results of high speed 2.23 m (7.S4 ft) air cushion catamaran model tests with three of these new bottom coatings. The resistance tests show the bottom coatings result in a 2-7% drag reduction over the speeds tested. C1 Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI USA. RP Latorre, R (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 115 IS 4 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2003.tb00243.x PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 757VX UT WOS:000187583100004 ER PT J AU Frickenstein, SG Whitaker, LR AF Frickenstein, SG Whitaker, LR TI Age replacement policies in two time scales SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE age replacement; multiple time scales; renewal theory ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE; SYSTEMS; CHOICE AB We develop and estimate optimal age replacement policies for devices whose age is measured in two time scales. For example, the age of a jet engine can be measured in the number of flight hours and the number of landings. Under a single-scale age replacement policy, a device is replaced at age tau or upon failure, whichever occurs first. We show that a natural generalization to two scales is to replace nonfailed devices when their usage path crosses the boundary of a two-dimensional region M, where M is a lower set with respect to the matrix partial order. For lifetimes measured in two scales, we consider devices that age along linear usage paths. We generalize the single-scale long-run average cost, estimate optimal two-scale policies, and give an example. We note that these policies are strongly consistent estimators of the true optimal policies under mild conditions, and study small-sample behavior using simulation. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF Acad, CCX, Off Superintendent, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Frickenstein, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, CCX, Off Superintendent, HQ USAFA,2304 Cadet Dr,Suite 342, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 592 EP 613 DI 10.1002/nav.10078 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 717GV UT WOS:000185079900004 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Lane, WM Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Perley, RA Cotton, WD Condon, J Rottgering, HJA Wilman, R Best, P Pierre, M Birkinshaw, M Zanichelli, A AF Cohen, AS Lane, WM Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Perley, RA Cotton, WD Condon, J Rottgering, HJA Wilman, R Best, P Pierre, M Birkinshaw, M Zanichelli, A TI Two low frequency surveys of radio galaxies SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High-Redshift Radio Galaxies - Past Present and future CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS DE surveys; radio continuum : general; radio continuum : galaxies ID SKY SURVEY AB High resolution, low frequency observations are very efficient for surveying radio galaxies because of: (1) the wide field of view; and (2) the bias toward steep spectrum (lobe dominated) emission. Here I present preliminary results from two ongoing low frequency radio surveys: the 4 Meter All Sky Survey (4MASS) and the low frequency counterpart to the XMM-Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) survey. 4MASS is an NRL-NRAO project to survey the entire sky above delta = - 20degrees at 74 MHz with a resolution of 1.3'. So far, 0.66 steradians have been observed and over 5000 objects identified, with the steep spectrum objects being followed up in a search for high redshift radio galaxies. The XMM-Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) survey is a major project underway to map the large scale structure of the universe out to cosmological distances. We are conducting a survey at both 325 MHz and 74 MHz in the 8 X 8 square degree XMM-LSS region. The radio counterpart to this deep X-ray survey is designed to explore the relation of the large scale structure to the location and properties of extragalactic radio sources. Statistical results of preliminary analysis of these two surveys are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Thor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Ist Radioastron, CNR, Bologna, Italy. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Zanichelli, Alessandra/0000-0002-2893-023X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4-5 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(03)00050-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 734YF UT WOS:000186085000038 ER PT J AU Galvin, MR Todreas, NE Conway, LE AF Galvin, MR Todreas, NE Conway, LE TI Maintenance cycle extension in the IRIS advanced light water reactor plant design SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE operating cycle; IRIS; surveillance AB New nuclear power generation in the United States will be realized only if the economic performance can be made competitive with other methods of electrical power generation. The economic performance of a nuclear power plant can be significantly improved by increasing the time spent on-line generating electricity relative to the time spent off-line conducting maintenance and refueling. Maintenance includes planned actions (surveillances) and unplanned actions (corrective maintenance) to respond to component degradation or failure. A methodology is described that can be used to resolve, in the design phase, maintenance-related operating cycle length barriers. A primary goal was to demonstrate the applicability and utility of the methodology in the context Of the International Reactor, Innovative and Secure (IRIS) design. IRIS is an advanced light water nuclear power plant that is being designed to maximize this on-line generating time by increasing the operating cycle length. This is consequently a maintenance strategy paper using the IRIS plant as the example. Potential IRIS operating cycle length maintenance-related barriers, determined by modification of an earlier operating pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant cycle length analysis to account for differences between the design of IRIS and this operating PWR, are presented. The proposed methodology to resolve these maintenance-related barriers by the design process is described. The results of applying the methodology to two potential IRIS cycle length barriers, relief valve testing and emergency heat removal system testing, are presented. C1 USN, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Westinghouse Sci & Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Galvin, MR (reprint author), USN, 1233 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 143 IS 3 BP 270 EP 280 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 714PB UT WOS:000184921700003 ER PT J AU Gherman, RB Ouzounian, JG Satin, AJ Goodwin, TM Phelan, JP AF Gherman, RB Ouzounian, JG Satin, AJ Goodwin, TM Phelan, JP TI A comparison of shoulder dystocia-associated transient and permanent brachial plexus palsies SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; OBSTETRIC MANEUVERS; ERBS-PALSY; INJURY AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate differences between shoulder dystocia-associated transient and permanent brachial plexus palsies. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case-control analysis from national birth injury and shoulder dystocia databases. Study patients had permanent brachial plexus palsy and had been entered into a national birth injury registry. Cases of Erb or Klumpke palsy with documented neonatal neuromuscular deficits persisting beyond at least 1 year of life were classified as permanent. Cases of transient brachial plexus palsy were obtained from a shoulder dystocia database. Non-shoulder dystoda-related cases of brachial Plexus palsy were excluded from analysis. Cases of permanent brachial plexus palsy (n = 49) were matched 1:1 with cases of transient brachial plexus palsy. RESULTS: Transient brachial plexus palsy cases had a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus than those with permanent brachial plexus palsy (34.7% versus 10.2%, odds ratio [OR] 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 16.32). Patients with permanent brachial plexus palsies had a higher mean birth weight (4519 +/- 94.3 g versus 4143.6 +/- 56.5 g, P <.001) and a greater frequency of birth weight greater than 4500 grams (38.8% versus 16.3%, OR, 0.31, 95% CI 0.11, 0.87). There were, however, no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to multiple antepartum, intrapartum, and delivery outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Transient and permanent brachial plexus palsies are not associated with significant differences for most anteparturn and intrapartum characteristics. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept OB GYN, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Dept OB GYN, Baldwin Pk, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept OB GYN, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Womens & Childrens Hosp, Los Angeles, CA USA. Childbirth Injury Prevent Fdn, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept OB GYN, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 102 IS 3 BP 544 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00660-4 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 716AV UT WOS:000185007400021 PM 12962939 ER PT J AU Restaino, SR Teare, SW DiVittorio, M Gilbreath, GC Mozurkewich, D AF Restaino, SR Teare, SW DiVittorio, M Gilbreath, GC Mozurkewich, D TI Analysis of the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1-m telescope using annular Zernike polynomials SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE imaging systems; adaptive optics; astronomical optics AB The Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station 1-m telescope is evaluated for the addition of adaptive optics capabilities to its instrumentation suite. Zernike decomposition of the optical system based on phase diversity measurements shows that the static optical aberrations are small enough that they will not degrade the performance of the deformable optical element. The analysis makes use of annular pupil Zernike polynomial reconstruction of the wavefront to accommodate the large obscuration in this telescope and compares this with the results from using filled circular Zernike polynomials. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-optical instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, USN, Res Lab, DEBS,Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USAF, USN, Res Lab, DEBS,Remote Sensing Div, Cope 7215, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2491 EP 2495 DI 10.1117/1.1598210 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 721AX UT WOS:000185295800007 ER PT J AU Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Hart, M Eversole, J Videen, G AF Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Hart, M Eversole, J Videen, G TI Backscattering and negative polarization of agglomerate particles SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPHERES; CLUSTERS; MATRICES; GRAINS AB We used the discrete dipole approximation to study the backscattering of agglomerate particles consisting of oblong monomers. We varied the aspect ratio of the monomers from approximately 1 (sphere) to 4, while we kept the total particle volume equivalent to that of an x = 10 sphere for m = 1.59 + i0 and 1.50 + i0 and considered two values of agglomerate packing density: rho = 0.25 and rho = 0.1. We found that these particles do not display a prominent brightness opposition effect but do produce significant negative polarization over a range of near-backscattering angles. Increasing the monomers' aspect ratio can make the negative polarization much more prominent. We have noted also that decreasing m and p can reduce the amplitude of the negative polarization for these particles. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zubko, E (reprint author), Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, 35 Sumskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM guideen@arl.army.mil NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 17 BP 1504 EP 1506 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001504 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 713CB UT WOS:000184836900002 PM 12956360 ER PT J AU Butler, JJ Wathen, JJ Flom, SR Pong, RGS Shirk, JS AF Butler, JJ Wathen, JJ Flom, SR Pong, RGS Shirk, JS TI Optical limiting properties of nonlinear multimode waveguides SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSECOND LASER-PULSES; CORED FIBER ARRAY; DISCRETE SOLITONS; ABSORPTION; SYSTEM; STATE AB An experimental investigation of the transmission of multimode capillary waveguides with a nonlinear absorber in the core shows an enhanced nonlinear absorption relative to the same length of bulk material. The results are consistent with partial mode filling within the cores of the waveguides. This study confirms the promising optical limiting capabilities of multimode nonlinear waveguides and implies that the mode structure should be considered in the design and evaluation of capillary array optical limiters. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butler, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1689 EP 1691 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001689 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 717VR UT WOS:000185111900024 PM 13677538 ER PT J AU Palilis, LC Murata, H Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Palilis, LC Murata, H Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH TI High efficiency molecular organic light-emitting diodes based on silole derivatives and their exciplexes SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; EMISSION; INTERFACE AB Here, we report the performance of molecular organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) using novel fluorescent silole derivatives as highly efficient blue and green-emitting organic materials. Three silole derivatives, namely 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PPSPP), 9-silafluorene-9-spiro-1'-(2',3',4',5'-tetraphenyl)-1' H-silacyclopentadiene (ASP) and. 1,2-bis(1-methyl-2,3,4,5,-tetraphenylsilacyclopentadienyl)ethane (2PSP), with high solid-state photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields of 0.85, 0.87 and 0.94, respectively, were used as emissive materials. Another high electron mobility silole derivative, 2,5-bis(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), was used as the electron transport material. MOLEDs using these siloles as emitters and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(2-napthyl)-(1,1'-phenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) or N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) as the hole transport material show low operating voltages of 4-4.5 V at a luminance of 100 cd/m(2) and high external electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiencies of 3.4-4.1% at similar to100 A/m(2). MOLEDs based on PPSPP and PyPySPyPy exhibit red-shifted EL spectra which are assigned to exciplexes formed at the interface between the hole transporting layer NPB or TPD and the PPSPP or PyPySPyPy light-emitting layer, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Chisso Corp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 21 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 26 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2003.08.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 750DX UT WOS:000186977000008 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Kendziora, C Mandrus, D Sales, BC AF Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Kendziora, C Mandrus, D Sales, BC TI Lattice dynamics of filled skutterudites: La(Fe,Co)(4)Sb-12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; REFLECTION SPECTRA; SILICON; COSB3; CE; DEPENDENCE AB Materials for thermoelectric application should have low lattice thermal conductivities. Here we use a comparison of theoretical calculations and Raman spectroscopy to study the lattice dynamics of a La filled skutterudite and identify the Raman active modes. Polarized Raman spectra from polycrystalline La0.75Fe3CoSb12 are presented. First principles calculations of atomic forces generated by small displacements from the ideal skutterudite structure are utilized in a least squares procedure to evaluate the general force constant tensors. These are used to predict the normal mode frequencies and displacement patterns. The relative Raman intensity for each vibration is then estimated using a bond polarizability model. We find that both the centers of gravity of the eight symmetry-allowed Raman peaks and their relative intensities are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. This agreement supports our mode assignments, particularly for those of A(g) symmetry, which exhibit a strong polarization dependence. The "rattling" vibrations of interstitial La are expected to be Raman inactive for an ideal fully filled material and are not observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094301 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600048 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Cooley, LD AF Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Cooley, LD TI Influence of screening on the superconductive transition temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; SPIN-ORBIT SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS NB-SI; ALLOY-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SUPPRESSION; TUNGSTEN; SYSTEMS AB We extend the Morel-Anderson model, originally developed to account for the superconductive transition temperature, T-c, of the elements, so that it accounts for the complete phase line for T-c of disordered systems over the full range of metallic behavior, from the pure metal to the extinction of the metallic state at the metal-insulator transition. The cornerstone of this model is the calculation of the BCS interaction potential, V, and the single-particle density of states, N, using the Landau theory for interacting fermions evaluated with a screened Coulomb interaction potential. Thus, an interpolation is established between Fermi liquid behavior and the critical regime where disorder and Coulomb interactions define the metal-insulator transition. Experimental values for T-c, N, and V were compared with these predictions and the agreement was excellent. Furthermore, since the model is expressed entirely in terms of parameters that may be calculated or measured, it has predictive powers that may prove useful in the search for high-T-c materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010; Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.094505 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 728LA UT WOS:000185717600086 ER PT J AU Vanhoy, JR Coleman, RT Crandell, KA Hicks, SF Sklaney, BA Walbran, MM Warr, NV Jolie, J Corminboeuf, F Genilloud, L Kern, J Schenker, JL Garrett, PE AF Vanhoy, JR Coleman, RT Crandell, KA Hicks, SF Sklaney, BA Walbran, MM Warr, NV Jolie, J Corminboeuf, F Genilloud, L Kern, J Schenker, JL Garrett, PE TI Structure of Te-120 from the Sn-118(alpha,2n gamma) reaction and I-120 decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; SINGLE-PARTICLE; MASS NUCLEI; CD NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; BANDS; COEXISTENCE; ISOTONES; MODEL; INTENSITIES AB The level structure of Te-120 has been examined utilizing gamma-ray spectroscopy following the (alpha,2ngamma) reaction and I-120 decay. Excitation functions, gamma-gamma coincidences, and angular distributions were measured. Spectroscopic information, e.g., spins, branching ratios, and multipole-mixing ratios, was obtained for many new levels below 4.5 MeV in excitation energy. The level scheme was examined from the viewpoint of an anharmonic vibrator model, the general collective model, the particle-core coupling model, and interacting-boson-model-based intruder models. Particular aspects of the level sequence can be reproduced by each of these models, but the agreement with transition rate data is modest. The B(E2) transition rate ratios are most consistent with the simple U(5) pattern. The higher-spin intruder states are identified in Te-120 by comparison to the known band structures and decay patterns of the N=66 and N=68 tin and cadmium nuclei. The intruder signature vanishes below spin-8, where there is strong mixing between states. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vanhoy, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 034315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034315 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 742HG UT WOS:000186510900030 ER PT J AU Moniz, L Carroll, T Pecora, L Todd, M AF Moniz, L Carroll, T Pecora, L Todd, M TI Assessment of damage in an eight-oscillator circuit using dynamical forcing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIMENSION AB We employ chaotic interrogation of a circuit simulation of a structure in order to test for damage to the structure. The circuit simulation provides a realistic test of our attractor-based method and permits close control over parameters in the structure. In this circuit, simulating an eight-degree-of-freedom spring-mass system, we were able to detect changes of as little as 2% in the coupling between two oscillators in the circuit. This corresponded to detection of a 2% loss in stiffness to one spring in the modeled system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM moniz@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 036215 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036215 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DK UT WOS:000185756400060 PM 14524876 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Casalini, R Patkowski, A Pakula, T Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Casalini, R Patkowski, A Pakula, T Roland, CM TI Effect of volume changes on segmental relaxation in siloxane polymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; GLASS-TRANSITION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE PRESSURE; DIPOLAR COMPOUNDS; FREQUENCY; LIQUIDS; DEPENDENCE AB From dielectric relaxation and equation-of-state measurements on polymethylphenylsiloxane and polymethyltolylsiloxane, the relative contributions of volume and thermal energy to the temperature dependence of the segmental relaxation times are quantified. In both polymers, volume exerts a substantial effect, being almost as significant as thermal energy. A possible consequence of this prominent role of volume in governing the segmental dynamics is the finding that the relaxation times, measured for a series of temperature at various (fixed) pressures, can be expressed as a single function of the volume normalized by the volume at the glass transition temperature. A similar result is found for the (isothermal) relaxation times measured at various pressures. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RI MPIP, AK Butt/B-8805-2009 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 031802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.031802 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 729DH UT WOS:000185756000055 PM 14524793 ER PT J AU Strasburg, S Hinshelwood, DD Schumer, JW Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP AF Strasburg, S Hinshelwood, DD Schumer, JW Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP TI Intense electron-beam ionization physics in air SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; SELF-PINCHED TRANSPORT; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LOW-PRESSURE GASES; PROCESSING APPLICATIONS; ANOMALOUS RESISTIVITY; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; PLASMA CHANNEL; FILLED DIODE; PROTON-BEAM AB In this paper we study, experimentally and theoretically, the interactions of an intense electron beam with an initially-neutral background gas. The Naval Research Laboratory's Gamble II generator [J. D. Shipman, Jr., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-18, 243 (1971)] was used to drive an annular 900 kV, 800 kA beam, whose effects on background air in the pressure range similar to0.01 to 10 Torr were studied. Experimental diagnostics included a sophisticated two-color interferometer for time-resolved measurements of the background electron density, B-dot monitoring of the global net current, and x-ray pinhole images of the beam location. Data obtained were compared to extensive simulations using three numerical models that incorporated complex beam physics, atomic processes, and the capability for simulating strongly-disturbed gases. Good simulation agreement with net current and electron density as a function of pressure was obtained using a scaled pressure. Simulated and experimental net current fractions (at peak beam current) for the 1-10 Torr collision-dominated transport regime were on the order of 10%, while ionization fractions after the beam pulse were 20% for 10 Torr, rising to nearly 100% at the lower pressure of 0.5 Torr. More advanced model development is underway to better understand the important physics of beam-gas interactions. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strasburg, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 9 BP 3758 EP 3769 DI 10.1063/1.1600737 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 714ER UT WOS:000184899800038 ER PT J AU Nichols, TM AF Nichols, TM TI Presidentialism and democracy in Russia - The first ten years SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article AB Despite dire warnings and opportune moments, Russian presidentialism has not collapsed into authoritarianism. C1 USN, War Coll, Dept Strategy & Policy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Nichols, TM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Dept Strategy & Policy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 50 IS 5 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 721RV UT WOS:000185331300004 ER PT J AU Santangelo, PG Roland, CM AF Santangelo, PG Roland, CM TI Role of strain crystallization in the fatigue resistance of double network elastomers SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TENSILE RETRACTION MEASUREMENTS; RUBBER DOUBLE NETWORKS; NATURAL-RUBBER; CROSS-LINKS; FAILURE PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BEHAVIOR; STOCKS AB Double networks were prepared from guayule rubber (GR), deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and their properties compared to conventional "single networks" having the same crosslink density. Substantial residual strains (> 150%) were obtained in all double networks, whereby the modulus parallel to the residual strain was enhanced. For the two strain-crystallizing elastomers, the fatigue resistance of the double networks (for extensions parallel to the residual strain) was higher than for their single network counterparts. Moreover, the guayule rubber, which is more strain-crystallizable than DPNR, exhibited the greater enhancement. For the amorphous SBR, on the other hand, the network structure had an insignificant effect on the fatigue life. These results demonstrate that longer mechanical fatigue lifetimes in double network rubbers are a consequence of their intrinsic orientation. This provides the capacity to retain crystallinity at the front of growing cracks, even in the absence of stress. The origin of the improved fatigue resistance is similar to the mechanism responsible for the better performance of strain-crystallizing rubbers subjected to non-relaxing cyclic deformations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4 BP 892 EP 898 DI 10.5254/1.3547779 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 742QB UT WOS:000186528300010 ER PT J AU Lipetzky, KG Bandos, BG AF Lipetzky, KG Bandos, BG TI Composite structures and adhesive joints: NDE techniques for Naval applications SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As the Navy progresses toward the use of composites and/or adhesives in the design and fabrication of surface ships and submersibles, a corresponding need to fully characterize these materials arises. Nondestructive evaluation offers an opportunity to noninvasively characterize composites and adhesive bondlines with the intent of detecting discontinuities that may compromise the integrity of a structure. Composites and adhesives represent a significant challenge to nondestructive inspection owing to the much different materials properties inherent to these materials versus metals. Scientists and engineers at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division have been, and continue to be, involved with the development of nondestructive techniques capable of meeting the challenges afforded by composite structures and adhesive joints. This paper highlights some of these efforts, specifically, the successes and shortcomings of instrumented tap testing, Lamb wave ultrasonics, thermography, microwave, laser shearography, Structural Integrity and Damage Evaluation Routine (SIDER), and digital radiography. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Welding & NDE Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Survivabil Struct & NDE Branch, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Lipetzky, KG (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Welding & NDE Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 66 EP 74 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 713ZK UT WOS:000184887700006 ER PT J AU Wood, WT Gettrust, JF Spychalski, SE AF Wood, WT Gettrust, JF Spychalski, SE TI A new deep-towed, multi-channel seismic system SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Geol & Geophys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. High Tech Inc, Gulfport, MS USA. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Geol & Geophys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 9 BP 44 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 724DM UT WOS:000185471900007 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Wallace, MR Stephan, K Blazes, DL Aronson, N Tasker, SA Thomas, AG Wegner, S Casper, C Wald, A Corey, L Brodine, SK AF Crum, NF Wallace, MR Stephan, K Blazes, DL Aronson, N Tasker, SA Thomas, AG Wegner, S Casper, C Wald, A Corey, L Brodine, SK TI Correlates of human herpesvirus-8 seropositivity among US military members recently infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Int Dis Soc Amer ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; MEN; WOMEN; SEROCONVERSION AB Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma, is common among HIV-infected persons. The exact route of transmission of HHV-8 in various populations is still debated. Goal: The goal was to define the correlates of HHV-8 infection among men recently infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Study Design: Three hundred forty-two HIV-infected U.S. military men were evaluated using a questionnaire. regarding potential risk factors and laboratory data, including HHV-8, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C serologies. Results: The seroprevalence of HHV-8 was 32%. HHV-8 was significantly associated with hepatitis B seropositivity (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.1), and black ethnicity was negatively associated with HHV-8 (OR, 0.6; 95% Cl, 0.3-0.9) in the multivariate analysis. HHV-8 was not associated with drug use or hepatitis C seropositivity. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), HHV-8 infection correlated with hepatitis B seropositivity (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3) and HSV-2 (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-4.9). Among heterosexuals, the correlates of HHV-8 were different; blacks as compared with whites (OR, 0.3; 95% Cl, 0.1-0.8) and married versus single status (OR, 0.4; 95% Cl, 0.2-0.9) were associated with a lower rate of HHV-8 infection. Among heterosexuals, hepatitis B, HSV-2, and sexual behaviors were not associated with HHV-8. Conclusion: This study suggests that the seroprevalence of HHV-8 is increased in both MSM and heterosexual men with HIV infection, and that the route(s) of HHV-8 acquisition might be different between MSM and heterosexuals. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil RI Wald, Anna/B-6272-2012 OI Wald, Anna/0000-0003-3486-6438 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI-30731, U19 AI-31448] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000078627.30743.4A PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 719CB UT WOS:000185185100008 PM 12972795 ER PT J AU Suits, BH Garroway, AN Miller, JB Sauer, KL AF Suits, BH Garroway, AN Miller, JB Sauer, KL TI N-14 magnetic resonance for materials detection in the field SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State MNR Spectroscopy CY JUN 26-29, 2002 CL EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV, YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN SP Amer Chem Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Bruker NMR Instruments, Cambridge Isotope Lab, Stable Isotope Grp, Elsevier Publicat HO EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV DE NQR; materials detection; NMR; field measurements ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; SPIN-1 NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; NQR AB Nitrogen is prevalent in many materials, both naturally occurring and man-made. In particular, it is found in many explosives and other contraband materials. One technique for the detection of such materials in the field is the use of the magnetic resonance signal from the nearly 100% abundant, spin-1, N-14 nuclei. Some of the difficulties with such measurements in the field include spurious signals from acoustic resonances, radio-frequency interference, and generally low signal-to-noise ratios. A summary of recent work by the authors to help mitigate these difficulties is presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Suits, BH (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD SEP-NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0926-2040(03)00045-6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 719CG UT WOS:000185185600006 PM 12943909 ER PT J AU Sagi, HC Manos, R Benz, R Ordway, NR Connolly, PJ AF Sagi, HC Manos, R Benz, R Ordway, NR Connolly, PJ TI Electromagnetic field-based image-guided spine surgery part one: Results of a cadaveric study evaluating lumbar pedicle screw placement SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE image guided; lumbar spine; fluoroscopy; pedicle screw; electromagnetic field ID COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; FRAMELESS STEREOTAXIS; ACCURACY; INSERTION; FIXATION; FEASIBILITY; FLUOROSCOPY; TOMOGRAPHY; VERTEBRAE AB Study Design. Human cadaveric. Objectives. Compare the accuracy of electromagnetic field (EMF)-based image-guided lumbar pedicle screw insertion to conventional techniques using anatomic landmarks, and fluoroscopy. Background. Image-guided surgical systems that aid in spinal instrumentation seek to minimize radiation exposure and improve accuracy. EMF tracking-based image-guidance was developed in the hopes of eliminating line-of-sight restrictions seen with other systems. Materials and Methods. Sixteen fresh-frozen human cadavers were randomly allocated into three groups. Pedicle screws were inserted from L1 to L5 using only anatomic landmarks in group 1, fluoroscopy in group 2, and image-guidance in group 3. Insertion and total fluoroscopic time were recorded. Anatomic dissections were performed to assess screw placement. Results. Accuracy was 83%, 78%, and 95% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, image-guided pedicle screw placement resulted in a 5% critical perforation rate whereas anatomic and fluoroscopic placement resulted in a 15% and 22% critical perforation rate, respectively. The average degree of perforation was 1.5 mm with image guidance, and 3.8 mm with fluoroscopic guidance (P < 0.05). Fluoroscopy time and insertion time per screw were not improved using image guidance. Conclusions. Our study has shown that when EMF tracking was used for image-guided lumbar pedicle screw placement, accuracy was improved and the incidence and degree of cortical perforations that may place neurovascular structures at risk was also reduced. Current system requirements for set-up and image acquisition, however, do add time to the procedure, and when factored in, do not yet result in a decrease in the use of fluoroscopy or screw insertion time. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Fresno, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Sagi, HC (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 4th Floor,445 S Cedar Ave, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. EM eversosaggy@cs.com NR 40 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 17 BP 2013 EP 2018 DI 10.1097/01.BRS.0000087851.51547.00 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 720EN UT WOS:000185248600017 PM 12973150 ER PT J AU Sagi, HC Manos, R Park, SC Von Jako, R Ordway, NR Connolly, PJ AF Sagi, HC Manos, R Park, SC Von Jako, R Ordway, NR Connolly, PJ TI Electromagnetic field-based image-guided spine surgery part two: Results of a cadaveric study evaluating thoracic pedicle screw placement SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE image guided; thoracic spine; fluoroscopy; pedicle screw; electromagnetic field ID IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; ACCURACY; INSTRUMENTATION; LUMBAR AB Study Design. Human cadaveric. Objectives. Compare the accuracy of electromagnetic field (EMF)-based image-guided thoracic pedicle screw insertion to conventional techniques using anatomic landmarks and fluoroscopy. Background. Image-guided surgical systems that aid in spinal instrumentation seek to minimize radiation exposure and improve accuracy. EMF image guidance was developed as an alternative to optical tracking to eliminate potential line of sight issues. Materials and Methods. Four fresh-frozen human cadavers were randomly allocated into two groups. Pedicle screws were inserted from T1 to T12 using anatomic landmarks and fluoroscopy in group 1 and image guidance in group 2. Insertion and fluoroscopy time were recorded. Anatomic dissections were performed to assess screw placement. Results. Image guidance placed 92% of thoracic pedicle screws safely, and conventional fluoroscopy placed 90% safely. The average degree of perforation was 2.4 mm with conventional fluoroscopy and 1.7 mm with image guidance (P = 0.055). Fluoroscopic time per screw was 5.9 seconds for conventional fluoroscopy and 3.6 seconds for image guidance (P = 0.045). Insertion time per screw was 4.35 minutes for conventional fluoroscopy and 2.98 minutes for image guidance (P = 0.007). However, when set-up time and image capture time were taken into account, the total insertion time per screw was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions. Our study has shown that EMF image-guided thoracic pedicle screw placement results in a similar incidence of safely placed screws as does conventional fluoroscopy. When set-up time and image-capture time were factored in for image guidance, the average time to insert a pedicle screw was equal for both techniques. The use of EMF image guidance significantly reduced fluoroscopic time and thus radiation exposure per screw compared with conventional fluoroscopic techniques. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Fresno, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Kwandong Univ, Kangwon Do, South Korea. GE Surg Nav, Lawrence, MA USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Sagi, HC (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 4th Floor,445 S Cedar Ave, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 17 BP E351 EP E354 DI 10.1097/01.BRS.0000086822.76638.76 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 720EN UT WOS:000185248600030 PM 12973162 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Singer, IL AF Scharf, TW Singer, IL TI Thickness of diamond-like carbon coatings quantified with Raman spectroscopy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon; Raman spectroscopy; coatings; depth profiling ID NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FRICTION BEHAVIOR; BORIC-ACID; DLC FILMS; WEAR; TRIBOMETRY; RESONANCE AB A model is developed for quantifying the thickness of thin coatings and wear scars using Raman spectroscopy. The model, which assumes that both incident and Raman light obey Beer's law, was applied to Raman spectra from a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating containing Si and O, known as DLN (diamond-like nanocomposite). The coatings ranged in thickness from 10 nm to 2 mum, according to stylus profilometry. Systematic variations in the Raman carbon (G band) and Si (1st order) peak intensities vs. thickness were found. Fits to the model gave an optical mean free path of lambda similar to 250 nm for DLN. This value is in good agreement with optical absorption coefficient values of other DLC films. Thickness profiles of wear tracks in the coatings determined by the model compared well with depths determined by profilometry. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM twschar@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 440 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00703-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 715BU UT WOS:000184951300021 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Rizzo, M Bradshaw, D Baldassarre, L Jones, P Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Rizzo, M Bradshaw, D Baldassarre, L Jones, P Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Seventeen novel HLA-A alleles SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-A AB This paper describes 17 novel HLA-A alleles: A* 0244, A* 0251, A* 0254, A* 0309, A* 1111, A* 2432, A* 2434, A* 2504, A* 2618, A* 2905, A* 2906, A* 3106, A* 3107, A* 3207, A* 6820, A* 7407, and A* 7408. Most substitutions are found in other alleles. C1 Dept Oncol, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD SEP PY 2003 VL 62 IS 3 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00090.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 719HY UT WOS:000185198600010 PM 12956880 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Gans, C Baldassarre, L Bradshaw, D Rizzo, M Divekar, S Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Gans, C Baldassarre, L Bradshaw, D Rizzo, M Divekar, S Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Twenty-five novel HLA-B alleles SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-B AB Twenty-five novel HLA-B alleles are described in this paper: B* 0729, B* 1309, B* 1814, B* 1815, B* 2724, B* 2725, B* 3539, B* 3926, B* 4037, B* 4040, B* 4042, B* 4043, B* 4044, B* 4204, B* 440203, B* 4428, B* 4429, B* 4430, B* 4505, B* 5308, B* 5309, B* 5510, B* 5511, B* 570102, and B* 5709. Most of the variants are single nucleotide substitutions. Two involve variants at the Bw4/ Bw6 epitope. Two alleles carry substitutions of conserved amino acids. C1 Dept Oncol, Burlington, NC USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD SEP PY 2003 VL 62 IS 3 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00095.x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 719HY UT WOS:000185198600012 PM 12956882 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR George, C AF Deschamps, JR George, C TI Advances in X-ray crystallography SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Emerging Technologies for the Analysis of Endogenous Biomaterials and Single-Molecule Studies CY DEC 03-05, 2003 CL ROCKBVILLE, MARYLAND AB X-ray crystallography is the most comprehensive technique available to determine molecular structure at atomic resolution. Advances in detector technology and computational methods have enabled crystallographic studies of both very small crystals and very large molecules. Other advances have led to studies of structural changes in proteins using time-resolved Laue diffraction. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(03)00902-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 726BP UT WOS:000185578400024 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Srey, R Tilahun, D Flaherty, M Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR Srey, R Tilahun, D Flaherty, M Ragno, G TI RBC frozen for 14 years, deglycerolized and stored at 4C in AS-1 or AS-3 for 3 weeks SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 69A EP 69A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700233 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Srey, R Tilahun, D Flaherty, M Ragno, G AF Valeri, CR Srey, R Tilahun, D Flaherty, M Ragno, G TI In vitro effects of polymerized n-acetylglucosamine (NAG) on platelet-rich plasma with and without red blood cells on the activation of platelets and red blood cells leading to clotting SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700237 ER PT J AU Rentas, FJ Lippert, L Harman, R Gomez, C Salata, J Childs, J Silva, T Richards, A Chan, C Jiang, J Dupuis, K Reid, T AF Rentas, FJ Lippert, L Harman, R Gomez, C Salata, J Childs, J Silva, T Richards, A Chan, C Jiang, J Dupuis, K Reid, T TI Inactivation of Orientia tsutsugamuchi in an animal model using the INTERCEPT Blood System for Platelets SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Silver Spring, MD USA. Cerus Corp, Concord, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 84A EP 84A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700284 ER PT J AU Koram, KA Owusu-Agyei, S Fryauff, DJ Anto, F Atuguba, F Hodgson, A Hoffman, SL Nkrumah, FK AF Koram, KA Owusu-Agyei, S Fryauff, DJ Anto, F Atuguba, F Hodgson, A Hoffman, SL Nkrumah, FK TI Seasonal profiles of malaria infection, anaemia, and bednet use among age groups and communities in northern Ghana SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; anaemia; bednet; Ghana; parasitaemia; fever; irrigation ID KASSENA-NANKANA DISTRICT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFANTS; MORTALITY; RISK; ANTIBODIES; MORBIDITY; PARASITE AB We conducted all-age point prevalence surveys to profile the severity and seasonality of malaria and anaemia in Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana. Random cross-sectional surveys were timed to coincide with the end of low ( May 2001) and high ( November 2001) malaria transmission seasons and to yield information as to the potential value of haemoglobin (Hb) levels and parasitaemia as markers of malaria morbidity and/or malaria vaccine effect. Parasitaemia was found in 22% ( 515 of 2286) screened in May (dry-low transmission), and in 61% of the general population ( 1026 of 1676) screened in November (wet-high transmission). Malaria prevalence in May ranged from 4% ( infants < 6 months and adults 50 - 60 years) to 54% ( children 5 - 10 years). Age-specific malaria prevalence in November ranged from 38% ( adults 50 - 60 years) to 82% ( children 5 - 10 years). Differences between low- and high-transmission periods in the prevalence of severe anaemia ( SA) among young children ( 6 - 24 months) were unexpectedly comparable ( low, 3.9% vs. high, 5.4%; P = 0.52) and greatly reduced from levels measured in this same community and age group in November 2000 (12.5%) and November 1996 (22.0%). Despite the lower frequency of anaemia/SA in young children surveyed in 2001, it was still clear that this condition was strongly associated with parasitaemia and that children under 5 years of age experienced a significant drop in their mean Hb levels by the end of the high transmission season. Prevalence of parasitaemia was significantly lower ( P < 0.01) among infants and young children (< 2 years) whose parents reported the use of bednets. There was a significantly lower risk of parasitaemia among infants [ odds ratio (OR) 6 - 8] and young children (OR 3 - 4) living in the central, more urbanized sector of the study area. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Navrongo Hlth Res Ctr, Navrongo, Upper East Regi, Ghana. Sanaria, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Fryauff, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 AI95363, Y1-AI-0456] NR 21 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 8 IS 9 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01092.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 717GY UT WOS:000185080200005 PM 12950665 ER PT J AU Martinez-Vazquez, J McNab, RM AF Martinez-Vazquez, J McNab, RM TI Fiscal decentralization and economic growth SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE fiscal decentralization; economic growth ID CROSS-COUNTRY; PUBLIC-EXPENDITURE; INCOME INEQUALITY; FEDERALISM; CORRUPTION; DANGERS; CHINA; GOVERNMENT; STATES; POLICY AB Fiscal decentralization may indeed have a direct impact on economic growth but the theoretical underpinnings for this relationship remain largely undeveloped. A fair summary of the empirical search for a direct relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth is that it remains an open question. Much less attention has been devoted in the literature to the indirect channels through which fiscal decentralization may affect economic growth. We argue that much work remains to be done before policy advisors and decision makers can formulate and implement decentralization programs on the basis of improving the rate of economic growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Martinez-Vazquez, J (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 125 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1597 EP 1616 DI 10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00109-8 PG 20 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 715GP UT WOS:000184963100008 ER PT J AU Marchette, DJ Solka, JL AF Marchette, DJ Solka, JL TI Using data images for outlier detection SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Data Visualization CY MAY 23-25, 2001 CL GEORGE MASON UNIV, FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA HO GEORGE MASON UNIV DE data image; color histogram; inter-point distance matrix; hierarchical clustering; outlier detection AB The data image has been proposed as a method for visualizing high-dimensional data. The idea is to map the data into an image, by using gray-scale (or color) values to indicate the magnitude of each variate. Thus, the image for a data set of size n and dimension d is a d x n image. where the columns correspond to observations and the rows to variates. We consider the application of this idea to the detection of outliers, providing a simple visualization technique that highlights outliers and clusters within the data. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code B10,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 541 EP 552 AR PII S0167-9473(02)00291-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00291-8 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 711AV UT WOS:000184715700007 ER PT J AU Priebe, CE Solka, JL Marchette, DJ Clark, BT AF Priebe, CE Solka, JL Marchette, DJ Clark, BT TI Class cover catch digraphs for latent class discovery in gene expression monitoring by DNA microarrays SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Data Visualization CY MAY 23-25, 2001 CL GEORGE MASON UNIV, FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA HO GEORGE MASON UNIV DE random graphs; statistical genetics; exploratory data analysis ID CLASSIFICATION AB The purpose of this article is to introduce a data visualization technique for class cover catch digraphs which allows for the discovery of latent subclasses. We illustrate the technique via a pedagogical example and an application to data sets from artificial nose chemical sensing and gene expression monitoring by DNA microarrays. Of particular interest is the discovery of latent subclasses representing chemical concentration in the artificial nose data and two subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the gene expression data and the associated conjectures pertaining to the geometry of these subclasses in their respective high-dimensional observation spaces. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 621 EP 632 AR PII S017-9473(02)00296-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00296-7 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 711AV UT WOS:000184715700012 ER PT J AU Steeds, JW Mora, AE Charles, SJ Evans, DJF Butler, JE AF Steeds, JW Mora, AE Charles, SJ Evans, DJF Butler, JE TI Grain clusters and the geometrical origin of stress in CVD polycrystalline diamond SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electron Microscopy of Solids CY MAY 19-23, 2002 CL KRYNICA, POLAND DE CVD diamond; internal stresses; grain clusters AB It is demonstrated that the individual grains of polycrystalline, chemical vapour-deposited (CVD) diamond are arranged in clusters composed of several tens of individual grains and related by twinning. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that for (110)-oriented growth these clusters become very large but the size of the individual twins within them are relatively small. Geometrical effects within a grain cluster can lead to large internal stresses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods are described to distinguish grain clusters from the individual grains within them. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. DTC, Res Ctr, Maidenhead SL6 6JW, Berks, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM j.w.steeds@bristol.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 EI 1879-3312 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S025-0584(02)00602-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 708MU UT WOS:000184572200022 ER PT J AU Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Quinn, PK Carrico, CM Flatau, MK Vogelmann, AM Bates, D Liu, M Rood, MJ AF Markowicz, KM Flatau, PJ Quinn, PK Carrico, CM Flatau, MK Vogelmann, AM Bates, D Liu, M Rood, MJ TI Influence of relative humidity on aerosol radiative forcing: An ACE-Asia experiment perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; forcing; ACE-Asia; humidity; optical depth ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SUN PHOTOMETER; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE; SATELLITE; CLOUDS; MODEL; CALIBRATION AB We present direct radiometric observations of aerosol radiative forcing during the ACE-Asia experiment (March and April of 2001). The observational analysis is based on radiometer data obtained from the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown, and shipboard measurements of the aerosol chemical and scattering properties are used to construct a model of the aerosol optical properties for use in radiative transfer calculations. The model is validated against the radiometric observations and is used to diagnose the aerosol and environmental factors that contribute to the observed forcings. The mean value of aerosol optical thickness observed during the ACE-Asia cruise over the Sea of Japan was 0.43 (+/-0.25) at 500 nm, while the single-scattering albedo was 0.95 (+/-0.03) at ambient relative humidity. We find a large correlation (r(2) = 0.69) between single-scattering albedo and relative humidity. Aerosols caused a mean decrease in the diurnally averaged solar radiation of 26.1 W m(-2) at the surface, while increasing the atmospheric solar absorption and top of atmosphere reflected solar radiation by 13.4 W m(-2) and 12.7 W m(-2), respectively. The mean surface aerosol forcing efficiency (forcing per unit optical depth) over the Sea of Japan was -60 W m(-2) and is influenced by high values of relative humidity. We show that decreasing the relative humidity to 55% enhances the aerosol forcing efficiency by as much as 6-10 W m(-2). This dependency on relative humidity has implications for comparisons of aerosol forcing efficiencies between different geographical locations. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Markowicz, KM (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Pasteura 7, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. EM kmark@igf.fuw.edu.pl RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 36 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 8662 DI 10.1029/2002JD003066 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 720GF UT WOS:000185252500001 ER PT J AU Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Stroud, RM Harris, VG AF Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Stroud, RM Harris, VG TI Passivated iron as core-shell nanoparticles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NONAQUEOUS MEDIA; COBALT IONS; PARTICLES; NANOSCALE; FE; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; WATER C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carpenter, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 12 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 26 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 17 BP 3245 EP 3246 DI 10.1021/cm034131l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 713CP UT WOS:000184838300004 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Ossakow, SL Fejer, BG AF Keskinen, MJ Ossakow, SL Fejer, BG TI Three-dimensional nonlinear evolution of equatorial ionospheric spread-F bubbles SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA BUBBLES; NEUTRAL WINDS; REGION; DENSITY; IRREGULARITIES; SCINTILLATIONS; SATELLITE; MODEL; SOUTH; STORM AB [1] Using numerical simulation techniques, we present the first study of the three-dimensional nonlinear evolution of an equatorial spread-F bubble. The background ionosphere used to initialize the bubble evolution is computed using a time-dependent first-principles equatorial plasma fountain model together with a prereversal enhancement vertical drift model. We find that finite parallel conductivity effects slow down both the linear and nonlinear bubble evolution compared to the two-dimensional evolution. In addition we find that bubble-like structures with extremely sharp density gradients can be generated off the equator at equatorial anomaly latitudes in agreement with recent observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Studies, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 16 AR 1855 DI 10.1029/2003GL017418 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 720FA UT WOS:000185249700001 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Chan, Y Obenschain, S Sethian, JD Swanekamp, SB AF Friedman, M Chan, Y Obenschain, S Sethian, JD Swanekamp, SB TI Eliminating the transit-time instability in large-area electron-beam diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIER; STABILITY; POWER; LASER AB The electron flow in large-area, space-charge-limited diodes is susceptible to transit time instability. The instability spatially and temporally modulates the electron beam and results in a wide, time-dependent, electron energy distribution and high-power rf emission. The electromagnetic waves that power the instability are guided and amplified in the anode-cathode (AK) region which acts as a parallel-plate transmission line with negative conductance. We investigated how to mitigate this instability in large-area rectangular electron diodes. We found that by slotting the rectangular cathode, along both its axes, with parallel grooves of predetermined depth and periodicity, the AK region was modified into a slow wave structure. The unstable electromagnetic waves are slowed down and attenuated to such an extent that the instability is eliminated and stable electron flow is achieved. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1539 EP 1541 DI 10.1063/1.1605244 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100015 ER PT J AU Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Klein, PB Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Storm, DF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Klein, PB Roussos, JA Katzer, DS Storm, DF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI Current collapse induced in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors by bias stress SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN; HYDROGEN; GROWTH; HEMTS AB Current collapse is observed to be induced in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors as a result of short-term bias stress. This effect was seen in devices grown by both metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The induced collapse appears to be permanent and can be reversed by SiN passivation. The traps responsible for the collapse have been studied by photoionization spectroscopy. For the MOCVD-grown devices, the same traps cause the collapse in both unstressed and stressed devices. These effects are thought to result from hot-carrier damage during stress. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mittereder, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 12 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1650 EP 1652 DI 10.1063/1.1604472 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 713EN UT WOS:000184844100052 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Warren, HP Seaton, DB AF Winebarger, AR Warren, HP Seaton, DB TI Evolving active region loops observed with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer. I. Observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID FLARING LOOPS; SOLAR CORONA; TRACE DATA; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; FLARES; FLOWS; VIEW AB Observations made with TRACE have detected a class of persistent active region loops that have. at 195/171 Angstrom filter ratios. The intensity of these loops implies a density that is as much as 3 orders of magnitude larger than the densities of static solutions to the hydrodynamic equations. It has recently been suggested that these loops are bundles of impulsively heated strands that are cooling through the TRACE passbands. This scenario implies that the loops would appear in the hotter ( Fe XV 284 Angstrom or Fe XII 195 Angstrom) TRACE filter images before appearing in the cooler (Fe IX/X 171 Angstrom) TRACE filter images. In this paper, we test this hypothesis by examining the temporal evolution of five active region loops in multiple TRACE EUV filter images. We find that all the loops appear in the hotter filter images before appearing in cooler filter images. We then use the measured delay to estimate a cooling time and find that four of the five loops have lifetimes greater than the expected lifetime of a cooling loop. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that each apparent loop is a bundle of sequentially heated strands; other explanations will also be discussed. To facilitate comparisons between these loops and hydrodynamic simulations, we use a new technique to estimate the loop length and geometry. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM winebarger@nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; dseaton@cfa.harvard.edu OI SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025 NR 27 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 1164 EP 1173 DI 10.1086/376679 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400044 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Winebarger, AR Mariska, JT AF Warren, HP Winebarger, AR Mariska, JT TI Evolving active region loops observed with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer. II. Time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID FLARING LOOPS; SOLAR CORONA; TRACE; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; PROFILES; PLASMAS AB Observations with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) have revealed a new class of active region loops. These loops have relatively flat filter ratios, suggesting approximately constant temperatures near 1 MK along much of the loop length. The observed apex intensities are also higher than static, uniformly heated loop models predict. These loops appear to persist for much longer than a characteristic cooling time. Recent analysis has indicated that these loops first appear in the hotter Fe XV 284 Angstrom or Fe XII 195 Angstrom filters before they appear in the Fe IX/Fe X 171 Angstrom filter. The delay between the appearance of the loops in the different filters suggests that the loops are impulsively heated and are cooling when they are imaged with TRACE. In this paper we present time-dependent hydrodynamic modeling of an evolving active region loop observed with TRACE. We find that by modeling the loop as a set of small-scale, impulsively heated filaments we can generally reproduce the spatial and temporal properties of the observed loop. These results suggest that both dynamics and. lamentation are crucial to understanding the observed properties of active region loops observed with TRACE. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 1174 EP 1186 DI 10.1086/376678 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400045 ER PT J AU Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ AF Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ TI Constraints on the magnetic field geometry in prominences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; HELICAL STRUCTURE; MODEL; STABILITY; DIPS; ELECTRONS; FILAMENTS; TOPOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB This paper discusses constraints on the magnetic field geometry of solar prominences derived from one-dimensional modeling and analytic theory of the formation and support of cool coronal condensations. In earlier numerical studies we identified a mechanism-thermal nonequilibrium-by which cool condensations can form on field lines heated at their footpoints. We also identified a broad range of field line shapes that can support condensations with the observed sizes and lifetimes: shallowly dipped to moderately arched field lines longer than several times the heating scale. Here we demonstrate that condensations formed on deeply dipped field lines, as would occur in all but the near-axial regions of twisted flux ropes, behave significantly differently than those on shallowly dipped field lines. Our modeling results yield a crucial observational test capable of discriminating between two competing scenarios for prominence magnetic field structure: the flux rope and sheared-arcade models. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judy.karpen@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 47 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1086/376690 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400046 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA Dammasch, I Curdt, W AF Feldman, U Landi, E Doschek, GA Dammasch, I Curdt, W TI Free-free emission in the far-ultraviolet spectral range: A resource for diagnosing solar and stellar flare plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Stars : flare; Sun : abundances; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; CALCIUM ABUNDANCE; FORBIDDEN LINES; ACTIVE-REGION; SUMER; CHIANTI; ANGSTROM; IRON; FE AB We report the detection of free-free (bremsstrahlung) emission near 1200 Angstrom from a flare at the solar limb observed with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. The observations consist of a time series of slit spectra at a fixed pointing that lasted almost 2 hr, during which the observed solar region produced a C8 flare. Using the free-free continuum intensities in conjunction with intensities of high-temperature (10(6)-10(7) K) emission lines that appear in the same wavelength range, we derive the. are plasma electron density, electron temperature, emission measure, and nonthermal mass motions before, during, and after the. are. We describe a new diagnostic method for determining the temperature of cooling plasmas. Because the free-free radiation is emitted primarily by the interaction of electrons with nuclei of H and He atoms, we are also able to derive the Fe/H, Al/H, and Ca/H abundance ratios from the line intensities of highly ionized Fe, Al, and Ca lines and the intensities of the free-free emission, assuming a He abundance. The present work demonstrates the exceptional plasma diagnostic potential of ultraviolet free-free continuum radiation when coupled with emission-line intensities. We demonstrate that a similar technique could be employed to diagnose plasma properties of stellar flares using a high-resolution spectrometer with a sufficiently large effective collecting area. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 593 IS 2 BP 1226 EP 1241 DI 10.1086/376680 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 712XA UT WOS:000184823400050 ER PT J AU Domanski, M Norman, J Pitt, B Haigney, M Hanlon, S Peyster, E AF Domanski, M Norman, J Pitt, B Haigney, M Hanlon, S Peyster, E TI Diuretic use, progressive heart failure, and death in patients in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANGIOTENSIN-II; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ALDOSTERONE; SURVIVAL; SPIRONOLACTONE; ENALAPRIL; MORTALITY; FIBROSIS; THERAPY; CAPTOPRIL AB OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether non-potassium-sparing diuretics (PSDs) in the absence of a PSD may result in progressive heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors incompletely suppress ACE activity in HF patients. Furthermore, non-PSDs are activators of aldosterone secretion. We reasoned that non-PSDs, in the absence of a PSD, might result in progressive HF. METHODS In the 6,797 patients in the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD), we compared the risk of hospitalization for, or death from, HF between those taking a PSD and those who were not, adjusting for known covariates. RESULTS The risk of hospitalization from worsening HF in those taking a PSD relative to those taking only a non-PSD was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.99; p = 0.047). The relative risk for cardiovascular death was 0.74 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.93; p = 0.011), for death from all causes 0.73 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.90; p = 0.004), and for hospitalization for, or death from, HF 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97; p = 0.030). Compared with patients not taking any diuretic, the risk of hospitalization or death due to worsening HF in patients taking non-PSDs alone was significantly increased (risk ratio [RR] = 1.31, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.57; p = 0.0004); this was not observed in patients taking PSDs with or without a non-PSD (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.30; p = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS The use of PSDs in HF patients is associated with a reduced risk of death from, or hospitalization for, progressive HF or all-cause or cardiovascular death, compared with patients taking only a non-PSD. (C) 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Clin Trials Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. USN, Ctr Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Domanski, M (reprint author), Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Clin Trials Grp, 6701 Rocklege Ave, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 27 TC 172 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00765-4 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 712DB UT WOS:000184780600019 PM 12932605 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Computational study of cycloaddition reactions on the SiC(100)-c(2 x 2) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE models of surface chemical reactions; chemisorption; silicon carbide; alkenes ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; BETA-SIC(100) SURFACE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; SI(100)-2X1 SURFACE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; FORCE-FIELD; X-1 SURFACE AB Cycloaddition reactions between 1,3-butadiene and the C-terminated SiC(1 0 0)-c(2 x 2) surface have been addressed using quantum-chemical methods. The c(2 x 2) structure consists of -CdropC- bridges between underlayer Si atoms which themselves form Si-Si bonds. Of various possible reaction products, the one formed by a [2 + 4] reaction with the -CdropC- bridge (giving a species resembling 1,4-cyclohexadiene) is the lowest in energy. Density functional calculations for the bare c(2 x 2) surface, using a cluster model with mechanical embedding, gave good agreement with structural parameters obtained in previous fully ab initio studies. Similar calculations for the cycloaddition product and for the transition state gave a reaction energy of -50.3 kcal/mol and an activation energy of +6.1 kcal/mol to form a planar ring structure lying normal to the surface. Detailed results for the frequency and infrared polarization behavior of adsorbate vibrational modes have also been obtained. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00836-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500018 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Rosen, M AF Haftel, MI Rosen, M TI Reply to Comment on: "Surface-embedded-atom model of the potential-induced lifting of the reconstruction of Au(100)" SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE semi-empirical models and model calculations; surface relaxation and reconstruction; surface tension; surface stress; gold; metal-electrolyte interfaces C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 540 IS 2-3 BP 508 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00853-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 713FM UT WOS:000184846500043 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Adsorption of 1-octanethiol on the GaN(0001) surface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; WHITE X-RADIATION; MOLECULAR MONOLAYERS; CROSS-SECTIONS; AUGER-SPECTRA; AU(111); GOLD; CHEMISORPTION; ALKANETHIOLS AB The chemisorption of 1-octanethiol [CH3(CH2)(6)CH2SH] from the vapor phase on the GaN(0001)-(1 x 1) surface has been studied using X-ray photoemission, ultraviolet photoemission, and X-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopies. Quantitative analysis of relative peak intensities indicates that the molecule adsorbs via the thiol group with a saturation coverage of similar to0.28 monolayers and with the alkyl chain lying essentially parallel to the surface. Upon annealing, most of the alkyl C desorbs by similar to350 degreesC, but most of the S remains. Little or no indication of X-ray-induced damage in the adsorbed thiol layer is seen during data collection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 17 BP 6813 EP 6819 DI 10.1021/la030032a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 711YL UT WOS:000184768600040 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Southwood, S Freilich, DA Sidney, J Graber, NL Shatney, L Bebris, L Florens, L Dobano, C Witney, AA Appella, E Hoffman, SL Yates, JR Carucci, DJ Sette, A AF Doolan, DL Southwood, S Freilich, DA Sidney, J Graber, NL Shatney, L Bebris, L Florens, L Dobano, C Witney, AA Appella, E Hoffman, SL Yates, JR Carucci, DJ Sette, A TI Identification of Plasmodium falciparum antigens by antigenic analysis of genomic and proteomic data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID T-CELL EPITOPES; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; PROTEIN ANTIGENS; HLA-A; MALARIA; PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE; VACCINE; CTL; IMMUNIZATION AB The recent explosion in genomic sequencing has made available a wealth of data that can now be analyzed to identify protein antigens, potential targets for vaccine development. Here we present, in the context of Plasmodium falciparum, a strategy that rapidly identifies target antigens from large and complex genomes. Sixteen antigenic proteins recognized by volunteers immunized with radiation-attenuated P. faiciparum sporozoites, but not by mock immunized controls, were identified. Several of these were more antigenic than previously identified and well characterized P. faiciparum-derived protein antigens. The data suggest that immune responses to Plasmodium are dispersed on a relatively large number of parasite antigens. These studies have implications for our understanding of immunodominance and breadth of responses to complex pathogens. C1 Epimmune Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Torrey Mesa Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sette, A (reprint author), Epimmune Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM alex@liai.org RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; Dobano, Carlota/N-4119-2014; OI Dobano, Carlota/0000-0002-6751-4060; Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650; Witney, Adam/0000-0003-4561-7170 NR 39 TC 147 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 25 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 19 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 17 BP 9952 EP 9957 DI 10.1073/pnas.1633254100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 714QY UT WOS:000184926000060 PM 12886016 ER PT J AU Lingerfelt, BM Mattoussi, H Goldman, ER Mauro, JM Anderson, GP AF Lingerfelt, BM Mattoussi, H Goldman, ER Mauro, JM Anderson, GP TI Preparation of quantum dot-biotin conjugates and their use in immunochromatography assays SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ADAPTER PROTEIN; FLUOROIMMUNOASSAYS; AVIDIN; BIOSENSOR; SE AB Biotinylated, highly luminescent CdSe-ZnS quantum dot (QD) conjugates were prepared and used in immunofiltration assays. Water-soluble quantum dot surfaces having a homogeneous negative charge density at basic pH were initially coated with a two-domain recombinant maltose-binding protein appended with a positively charged leucine zipper. Biotin functionalization of these electrostatically stabilized QD-protein complexes was then carried out using amine-reactive NHS biotin. These protein-coated biotin-functionalized quantum dot conjugates were incorporated into flow immunofiltration/displacement assays employing Affi-gel agarose resin for antibody immobilization, analyte capture, and immune complex formation with a second biotinylated antibody. A key component of the assay was the use of tetranitromethane-modified NeutrAvidin, used to link the biotinylated QDs to the immune complexes and facilitate their release at basic pH for subsequent quantification. This assay methodology was used to detect as little as 10 ng/mL staphylococcal enterotoxin type-B. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 35 TC 100 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 16 BP 4043 EP 4049 DI 10.1021/ac034139e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 712LA UT WOS:000184798100012 PM 14632116 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Dynamic properties of polyvinylmethylether near the glass transition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; FORMING LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AB Dielectric spectroscopy, encompassing 13 decades of frequency, was used to investigate local segmental relaxation in polyvinylmethylether (PVME). Measurements were obtained over a 110 degree range of temperatures, at pressures up to 725 MPa. At atmospheric pressure, time-temperature superpositioning is valid; however, application of pressure changes the shape of the dielectric spectrum. Similarly, the relaxation times and dc-conductivity have the same temperature dependence at ambient pressure, while a breakdown of the Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation is observed at elevated pressures. The pressure dependence of the relaxation times is weak, corresponding to an activation volume about equal in magnitude to the molar volume of the PVME repeat unit. The pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature (T-g=247.5 K at ambient pressure) is small, 177 K/GPa. From the ratio of the isochronic and isobaric expansivities, =2.2, thermal energy is found to have a stronger effect on the relaxation times than does the volume, although the contribution from the latter is significant. A comparison was made of the relaxation properties of PVME to those of the structurally similar polyvinylacetate. Distinct, qualitative differences are noted at both ambient and elevated pressure. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 77 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4052 EP 4059 DI 10.1063/1.1592500 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 706UU UT WOS:000184474100055 ER PT J AU Thielen, PA Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Thielen, PA Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Small-core As-Se fiber for Raman amplification SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FIBERS; FABRICATION AB We have demonstrated Raman amplification in small-core As-Se fiber. More than 20-dB of gain was observed in a 1.1-m length of fiber pumped by a nanosecond pulse of similar to10.8-W peak power at 1.50 mum. The peak of the Raman gain occurred at a shift of similar to240 cm(-1). The Raman gain coefficient is estimated to be similar to2.3 x 10(-11) m/W, which is more than 300 times greater than that of silica. The large Raman gain coefficient coupled with the large IR transparency window of these fibers shows promise for development of As-Se Raman fiber lasers and amplifiers in the near-, mid-, and long-IR spectral regions. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thielen, PA (reprint author), SFA Inc, 9315 Largo Dr W, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 7 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 16 BP 1406 EP 1408 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001406 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 707GE UT WOS:000184501800004 PM 12943073 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Dermer, CD Atoyan, A TI High-energy neutrinos from gamma ray bursts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAYS; MODEL; ACCELERATION; AFTERGLOWS; PHOTONS; NEUTRON; RATES; WIND AB We treat high-energy neutrino production in gamma ray bursts (GRBs). Detailed calculations of photomeson neutrino production are presented for the collapsar model, where internal nonthermal synchrotron radiation is the primary target photon field, and the supranova model, where external pulsar-wind synchrotron radiation provides important additional target photons. Detection of greater than or similar to10 TeV neutrinos from GRBs with Doppler factors greater than or similar to200, inferred from gamma-ray observations, would support the supranova model. Detection of less than or similar to10 TeV neutrinos is possible for neutrinos formed from nuclear production. Only the most powerful bursts at fluence levels greater than or similar to3x10(-4) erg cm(-2) offer a realistic prospect for detection of nu(mu). C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montreal, CRM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7 AR 071102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.071102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 712UE UT WOS:000184815400007 PM 12935002 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Dally, AJ Bloomfield, LA AF Fatemi, FK Dally, AJ Bloomfield, LA TI Photodesorption of alkali anions from alkali-halide cluster anions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; THERMAL-ISOMERIZATION; LASER-DESORPTION; EXCESS ELECTRONS; EXCITATION; SURFACES AB Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we have observed alkali anion photodesorption from alkali-halide cluster anions that contain two weakly bound electrons. In the alkali iodides, we have found this type of desorption in almost every (MI)(n)M- cluster we have studied (M=Na, K, Cs; n<9), although it depends on the probe laser frequency and cluster temperature. Using pump-probe techniques, we have shown that the process occurs on a picosecond time scale by way of an electronic excitation of the cluster's spin-paired electrons. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), NRL, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7 AR 073401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.073401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 712UE UT WOS:000184815400021 PM 12935016 ER PT J AU Liu, M Westphal, DL Wang, SG Shimizu, A Sugimoto, N Zhou, J Chen, Y AF Liu, M Westphal, DL Wang, SG Shimizu, A Sugimoto, N Zhou, J Chen, Y TI A high-resolution numerical study of the Asian dust storms of April 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE dust; production; transport; budget; ACE-Asia ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NONLINEAR RENORMALIZATION; ADVECTIVE FLUXES; MINERAL AEROSOL; SAHARAN DUST; WIND EROSION; YELLOW SAND; MODEL; PREDICTION; EMISSION AB A comprehensive dust aerosol model is developed and fully coupled to the U. S. Navy's operational Coupled Ocean/Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(TM)). The model is used to simulate the Asian dust storms of 5-15 April 2001 at 27-km resolution with 46 vertical layers. Dust was primarily generated in the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts between 6 and 9 April and then swept across vast areas of east Asia. The model performance is verified with satellite products and by observations of PM10 and lidar data from Lanzhou, Beijing, Hefei, Tsukuba, and Nagasaki. The model simulates the right timing and strength of dust events, predicting depths and magnitudes of the boundary layer and elevated layer of dust plumes that compare well with observed values. Numerical analysis shows that the first Mongolia cyclone on the 6 and 7 April and the cold front on 8 and 9 April, accompanied by a second Mongolia low, form the major dynamic forcing patterns that mobilize, transport, and vertically redistribute the dust. Both cyclones entrain the dust and transport dust to altitudes of 8-9 km, while at the top of the cyclone, transport is anticyclonic and to the northeast. The analysis of the individual dynamic and microphysical tendency terms in the mass continuity equation reveals that in the dust generation area, mechanical and convective turbulence plays the major role in mixing dust upward to the top of the planetary boundary layer. In the downstream cyclone area, vertical advection by the model-resolved upward motion in the cyclones is the dominant dynamic process that transports dust to high altitudes and into the westerlies, making it available for long-range transport. The mass budget calculation for the entire simulation period reveals that about 75% of the total dust production is redeposited to the Asian deserts, 20% falls onto nondesert areas through dry and wet deposition, and 1.6% falls into the China and Japan Seas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Lanzhou Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. China Acad Sci, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. China Japan Friendship Ctr Environm Protect, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liu, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM liu@nrlmry.navy.mil; westphal@nrlmry.navy.mil; wangsg@lzu.edu.cn; shimizua@nies.go.jp; nsugimot@nies.go.jp; jzhou@aiofm.ac.cn; kosasandstorm@sina.com RI Shimizu, Atsushi/C-2810-2009 OI Shimizu, Atsushi/0000-0002-7306-7412 NR 37 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 14 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D23 AR 8653 DI 10.1029/2002JD003178 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713QE UT WOS:000184868800001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MM Dingus, BL Kaneko, Y Preece, RD Dermer, CD Briggs, MS AF Gonzalez, MM Dingus, BL Kaneko, Y Preece, RD Dermer, CD Briggs, MS TI A gamma-ray burst with a high-energy spectral component inconsistent with the synchrotron shock model SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAYS; CALIBRATION; AFTERGLOWS; EMISSION; CATALOG; EGRET AB Gamma-ray bursts are among the most powerful events in nature. These events release most of their energy as photons with energies in the range from 30 keV to a few MeV, with a smaller fraction of the energy radiated in radio, optical, and soft X-ray afterglows(1). The data are in general agreement with a relativistic shock model(2), where the prompt and afterglow emissions 3 correspond to synchrotron radiation from shock-accelerated electrons. Here we report an observation of a high-energy (multi-MeV) spectral component in the burst of 17 October 1994 that is distinct from the previously observed lower-energy gamma-ray component. The flux of the high-energy component decays more slowly and its fluence is greater than the lower-energy component; it is described by a power law of differential photon number index approximately 21 up to about 200 MeV. This observation is difficult to explain with the standard synchrotron shock model(2), suggesting the presence of new phenomena such as a different non-thermal electron process, or the interaction of relativistic protons with photons at the source. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gonzalez, MM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM magda@whopper.lanl.gov NR 27 TC 202 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 14 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6950 BP 749 EP 751 DI 10.1038/nature01869 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 711HQ UT WOS:000184733900031 PM 12917676 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Emmert, JT Drob, DP Kochenash, AJ Russell, JM Gordley, LL Mlynczak, MG AF Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Emmert, JT Drob, DP Kochenash, AJ Russell, JM Gordley, LL Mlynczak, MG TI Signatures of shuttle and rocket exhaust plumes in TIMED/SABER radiance data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION DOPPLER IMAGER; SATELLITE AB We have searched the 6.8 mm water vapor radiance data obtained from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite for evidence of rocket plumes. Between 94-130 km, significant radiance enhancements are occasionally seen which correspond in time and space to emission from the exhaust plumes of the space shuttle and various unmanned liquid-fueled rockets. Over a 10 month period in 2002 (Feb-Nov), SABER detected about 40% of the total liquid fueled launches, including four out of four space shuttle launches. The shuttle plumes are seen at and below 115 km, while the unmanned rocket plumes extend to higher altitudes. The meridional transport of the shuttle plumes near 110 km suggests a dependence upon the local time of the launch with plumes from mid-day launches traveling to the N and plumes from late afternoon and evening launches traveling to the S. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. GATS Inc, Newport News, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7640, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 15 AR 1819 DI 10.1029/2003GL017627 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 713PP UT WOS:000184867400003 ER PT J AU Garrett, JT Roland, CM Petchsuk, A Chung, TC AF Garrett, JT Roland, CM Petchsuk, A Chung, TC TI Electrostrictive behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VDF TRFE COPOLYMER; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; CURIE TRANSITION; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TRIFLUOROETHYLENE; PHASE; FILMS; TERPOLYMER AB The mechanism underlying the large electric-field-induced strains in terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene was investigated. The electrostrictive strain increased by an order of magnitude with increasing temperature, up to the Curie transition, and was essentially invariant to temperature thereafter. Infrared absorption spectra, obtained as a function of both temperature and electric field strength, revealed no change in the crystal phase structure for electric fields sufficient to induce longitudinal strains of similar to1%. Thus, the electrostriction observed herein is not due to crystal phase conversion. The Maxwell strain was also negligible under all conditions, because of the terpolymer's high mechanical modulus (10 to 100 MPa). The mechanical properties exhibit an anomalous change in behavior near the Curie transition, whose origin is unclear. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Garrett, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1190 EP 1192 DI 10.1063/1.1600515 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600044 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Virgo, M O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Virgo, M O'Shea, PG TI Infrared photoelectron emission from Scandate dispenser cathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMIONIC EMISSION; PHOTOCATHODES; PHOTOEMISSION; METALS AB Nonlinear photoelectric emission from Scandate dispenser cathodes using 1.064-mum radiation in nanosecond-scale pulses has been observed. Unlike single-photon emission, the photocurrent is a strong function of both the initial lattice temperature and the applied electric field as well as laser intensity. The parametric data is compared to a theoretical model for the process, and the data is shown to be explicable in terms of laser heating of the electron gas and subsequent photoemission. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1271 DI 10.1063/1.1600514 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 708QV UT WOS:000184580600071 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Liao, XB Wang, T Flippen-Anderson, J Cook, JM AF Zhao, S Liao, XB Wang, T Flippen-Anderson, J Cook, JM TI The enantiospecific, stereospecific total synthesis of the ring-A oxygenated sarpagine indole alkaloids (+)-majvinine, (+)-10-methoxyaffinisine, and (+)-N-a-methylsarpagine, as well as the total synthesis of the Alstonia bisindole alkaloid macralstonidine SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PICTET-SPENGLER REACTION; ENANTIOSELECTIVE TOTAL-SYNTHESIS; AJMALINE-RELATED ALKALOIDS; GENERAL-APPROACH; APROTIC MEDIA; N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE; BETA-CARBOLINES; STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESES; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS AB The first stereospecific, enantiospecific total synthesis of the ring-A oxygenated sarpagine indole alkaloids (+)-N-a-methylsarpagine (8), (+)-majvinine (14), and (+)-10-methoxyaffinisine (49), as well as the first total synthesis of the Alstonia bisindole alkaloid macralstonidine (9), has been accomplished. This approach employed the Schollkopf chiral auxiliary for the stereospecific construction of the desired D-(+)-tryptophan unit required for the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction. In addition, the strategy was doubly convergent for the enolate-mediated Pd-0 coupling process and the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction can be employed to synthesize both macroline (2) and N-a-methylsarpagine (8), the coupling of which provides macralstonidine (9). This approach to ring-A substituted alkoxyindole alkaloids should find wide application for the synthesis of other alkaloids for it is stereospecific and either enantiomer can be prepared with ease. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu NR 88 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 8 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 16 BP 6279 EP 6295 DI 10.1021/jo030055u PG 17 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 708DU UT WOS:000184552500029 PM 12895062 ER PT J AU Li, XQ Wu, YW Steel, D Gammon, D Stievater, TH Katzer, DS Park, D Piermarocchi, C Sham, LJ AF Li, XQ Wu, YW Steel, D Gammon, D Stievater, TH Katzer, DS Park, D Piermarocchi, C Sham, LJ TI An all-optical quantum gate in a semiconductor quantum dot SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAAS AB We report coherent optical control of a biexciton ( two electron-hole pairs), confined in a single quantum dot, that shows coherent oscillations similar to the excited-state Rabi flopping in an isolated atom. The pulse control of the biexciton dynamics, combined with previously demonstrated control of the single-exciton Rabi rotation, serves as the physical basis for a two-bit conditional quantum logic gate. The truth table of the gate shows the features of an all-optical quantum gate with interacting yet distinguishable excitons as qubits. Evaluation of the fidelity yields a value of 0.7 for the gate operation. Such experimental capability is essential to a scheme for scalable quantum computation by means of the optical control of spin qubits in dots. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI Piermarocchi, Carlo/A-2427-2008; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; OI Piermarocchi, Carlo/0000-0003-2762-8562; Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 24 TC 683 Z9 691 U1 12 U2 106 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 8 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5634 BP 809 EP 811 DI 10.1126/science.1083800 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 709FT UT WOS:000184615700037 PM 12907794 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Kinney, JE Westphal, DL Holben, BN Welton, EJ Tsay, SC Eleuterio, DP Campbell, JR Christopher, SA Colarco, PR Jonsson, HH Livingston, JM Maring, HB Meier, ML Pilewskie, P Prospero, JM Reid, EA Remer, LA Russell, PB Savoie, DL Smirnov, A Tanre, D AF Reid, JS Kinney, JE Westphal, DL Holben, BN Welton, EJ Tsay, SC Eleuterio, DP Campbell, JR Christopher, SA Colarco, PR Jonsson, HH Livingston, JM Maring, HB Meier, ML Pilewskie, P Prospero, JM Reid, EA Remer, LA Russell, PB Savoie, DL Smirnov, A Tanre, D TI Analysis of measurements of Saharan dust by airborne and ground-based remote sensing methods during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE dust; aerosol; meteorology; Sahara; vertical distribution; Caribbean ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EASTERLY WAVES; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; DRY YEARS; LIDAR AB For 26 days in mid-June and July 2000, a research group comprised of U. S. Navy, NASA, and university scientists conducted the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE). In this paper we give a brief overview of mean meteorological conditions during the study. We focus on our findings on African dust transported into the Caribbean utilizing a Navajo aircraft and AERONET Sun photometer data. During the study midvisible aerosol optical thickness (AOT) in Puerto Rico averaged 0.25, with a maximum >0.5 and with clean marine periods of similar to0.08. Dust AOTs near the coast of Africa (Cape Verde Islands and Dakar) averaged similar to0.4, 30% less than previous years. By analyzing dust vertical profiles in addition to supplemental meteorology and MPLNET lidar data we found that dust transport cannot be easily categorized into any particular conceptual model. Toward the end of the study period, the vertical distribution of dust was similar to the commonly assumed Saharan Air Layer (SAL) transport. During the early periods of the study, dust had the highest concentrations in the marine and convective boundary layers with only a weak dust layer in the SAL being present, a state usually associated with wintertime transport patterns. We corroborate the findings of Maring et al. [2003] that in most cases, there was an unexpected lack of vertical stratification of dust particle size. We systematically analyze processes that may impact dust vertical distribution and speculate that dust vertical distribution predominately influenced by flow patterns over Africa and differential advection coupled with fair weather cloud entrainment, mixing by easterly waves, and regional subsidence. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, 53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM reidj@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 NR 53 TC 84 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 7 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 8586 DI 10.1029/2002JD002493 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712XY UT WOS:000184825900001 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Fromm, MD Hoppel, KW Allen, DR AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Fromm, MD Hoppel, KW Allen, DR TI POAM measurements of PSCs and water vapor in the 2002 Antarctic vortex SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR OZONE; AEROSOL; STRATOSPHERE; DEHYDRATION; INSTRUMENT; VALIDATION AB [1] We present Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) PSC and water vapor measurements obtained in the Antarctic stratosphere in 2002, and compare these with POAM measurements from 1993 - 1996 and 1998 - 2002 (PSCs) and 1998 - 2002 ( water vapor). Through mid-September 2002 POAM observed significantly fewer PSCs than in other years. However, ice PSC observations were only slightly reduced from previous years, and the dehydration was similar to that observed from 1998 - 2001. After an unprecedented major warming in September 2002, POAM observed only very few PSCs. This sudden decline in PSC activity in 2002 occurred a full month earlier than in any previous POAM measurement years. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7227, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 15 AR 1796 DI 10.1029/2003GL017577 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 712NX UT WOS:000184804700002 ER PT J AU Colarco, PR Toon, OB Reid, JS Livingston, JM Russell, PB Redemann, J Schmid, B Maring, HB Savoie, D Welton, EJ Campbell, JR Holben, BN Levy, R AF Colarco, PR Toon, OB Reid, JS Livingston, JM Russell, PB Redemann, J Schmid, B Maring, HB Savoie, D Welton, EJ Campbell, JR Holben, BN Levy, R TI Saharan dust transport to the Caribbean during PRIDE: 2. Transport, vertical profiles, and deposition in simulations of in situ and remote sensing observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE dust aerosols; long-range transport; vertical profiles; deposition; wet removal; iron fluxes ID MINERAL DUST; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; MODEL; AERONET; LIDAR; DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATION; PARTICLES; ATLANTIC AB [ 1] We simulate Saharan dust transport during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment ( June July 2000) with a three-dimensional aerosol transport model driven by assimilated meteorology. The model does a reasonable job of locating the dust plume as it emerges from Africa but transports it somewhat farther south in the western North Atlantic Ocean than is seen in satellite imagery. The model is able to simulate low-level, uniformly mixed, and elevated vertical dust layer profiles over Puerto Rico similar to observations made in PRIDE. We determine that the variability in the dust vertical profile across the North Atlantic Ocean is most strongly associated with descent of the dust by sedimentation and downward vertical winds during transit rather than low-level transport directly from source regions. Wet removal plays a key role in modulating this process. Assuming our dust is 3.5% iron by mass, we estimate July 2000 iron deposition into the North Atlantic Ocean to be between 0.71 and 0.88 Tg, which is consistent with estimates derived from observed surface dust mass concentrations. We estimate that if annual dust deposition remains constant at five times our July 2000 estimates, there is an accumulation of 1 m of sediment from Saharan dust over the Florida peninsula every one million years. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Program Atomospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM peter.colarco@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 35 TC 73 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 8590 DI 10.1029/2002JD002659 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 712XX UT WOS:000184825800001 ER PT J AU Lawson, GE Lee, Y Singh, A AF Lawson, GE Lee, Y Singh, A TI Formation of stable nanocapsules from polymerizable phospholipids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID VESICLES; LIPOSOMES; MEMBRANES; ANALOGS; SYSTEMS; MODELS; LIPIDS; NET AB The formation of lipid-based hollow, spherical nanocapsules is reported. Polymerizable phospholipids equipped with divinylbenzoyl functionality in their headgroup region are synthesized to explore their polymerization behavior in vesicles. Polymerizable phospholipids alone or as mixtures with phosphatidylcholine produced vesicles as an aqueous dispersion and produced stable nanocapsules upon polymerization at room temperature. These structures survived lyophilization and a redispersion cycle and maintained their structural integrity in nonaqueous solvent. Vesicles were used for encapsulating enzymes in their hydrophilic cores. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 16 BP 6401 EP 6407 DI 10.1021/la034434u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 707TU UT WOS:000184526600011 ER PT J AU Shao, L Wang, XM Rusakova, I Chen, H Liu, JR Thompson, PE Chu, WK AF Shao, L Wang, XM Rusakova, I Chen, H Liu, JR Thompson, PE Chu, WK TI Study on interfacial dislocations of Si substrate/epitaxial layer by self-interstitial decoration technique SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MEV-IMPLANTED SILICON; ENHANCED DIFFUSION; REDUCTION; TEMPERATURE; SURFACES; DEFECTS AB Trapping of migrating Si interstitials at substrate/epitaxial interfaces during high-energy Si ion bombardment has been observed. It shows that the interface of Si/Si layer, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, is a strong sink for self-interstitials during MeV bombardment at room temperature. We reported the finding and applied it as a decoration technique to study evolution of interfacial dislocations. After the thermal annealing of Si/Si layers at a temperature ranging from 450 to 600 degreesC, samples were bombarded with MeV Si ions at room temperature. Trapped Si interstitials at the interface were quantitatively measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The integration of trapped interstitials, which indicates an activation energy for the interfacial defect release of 0.65 eV, suggests a weak binding of stored Si atoms in the interfacial dislocations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconductiv & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 5 BP 934 EP 936 DI 10.1063/1.1596385 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706UT UT WOS:000184474000041 ER PT J AU Wang, XZ Yao, ZJ Liu, HP Zhang, MC Yang, DJ George, C Burke, TR AF Wang, XZ Yao, ZJ Liu, HP Zhang, MC Yang, DJ George, C Burke, TR TI Synthesis of a phosphotyrosyl analogue having X-1, X-2 and phi angles constrained to values observed for an SH2 domain-bound phosphotyrosyl residue SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE phosphotyrosyl analogue; protein-tyrosine-kinase; SH2 domains ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION INHIBITORS; TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS; SRC HOMOLOGY-2 DOMAIN; 1,2,3-TRISUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANES; MANNICH REACTION; BINDING LIGANDS; DESIGN; PEPTIDE; GRB2; ANTAGONISTS AB Src homology 2 (SH2) domains provide connectivity in protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent signaling through their high affinity association with phosphotyrosyl (pTyr)-containing peptide sequences. Because recognition of pTyr residues is central to SH2 domain-binding affinity, design of pTyr-mimicking residues has been one component of SH2 domain signaling antagonist development. Reported herein is the synthesis of (+/-)-(rel-1R,2R,5S)-3-acetyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-O-phosphoryl-1,5-methano-3-benzazocine-2carboxylic acid methyl ester (3c) as a monomeric pTyr-mimicking analogue that constrains three torsion angles (chi(1) = 168degrees; chi(2)= -85degrees; phi(1) = -113degrees) to values approximating those observed for a pTyr residue bound to the Grb2 SH2 domain (chi(1) = 182degrees; chi(2)= -89degrees; phi(1) = -132degrees). Compound 3c differs from our previously reported analogue, (+/-)-(rel-1R,2R,5S)-3-acetyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1-methyl-1,5-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol. in lacking a methyl substituent at the bridgehead 1-position. Molecular modeling studies had indicated that this methyl group could potentially hinder SH2 domain binding. Synthesis of the desmethyl derivative was achieved by formation of the methanobenzazocine ring system using an intramolecular electrophilic cyclization that proceeds through an activated acyliminium intermediate. Importantly, the correct relative (2R) stereochemistry at the 'alpha-carboxyl'-bearing carbon is obtained through base-catalyzed equilibration of a (2S/2R) diastereomeric mixture that results from intramolecular ring closure. Comparison of Grb2 SH2 domain-binding affinity of 3c (IC50=1167 muM) with conformationally flexible phosphorylated (+/-)-N-acetyl-tyrosine methyl ester (15; IC50=1469 muM) revealed no apparent enhancement in affinity. This apparent ineffectiveness of 'local conformational constraint' on SH2 domain-binding affinity of the monomeric pTyr mimetic is consistent with previous reports obtained by conformationally constraining pTyr-mimicking residues that were contained within peptide platforms. Although not providing high binding affinity in its current form, the novel 1,5-methano-3-benzazocine ring system may afford a novel platform for further elaboration and development of small molecule SH2 domain signaling antagonists. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Hematol Oncol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burke, TR (reprint author), NCI, Med Chem Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, POB B,Bldg 376,Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM tburke@helix.nih.gov RI Burke, Terrence/N-2601-2014; Yao, Zhu-Jun/E-7635-2015 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD AUG 4 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 32 BP 6087 EP 6093 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00978-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 708WT UT WOS:000184593700012 ER PT J AU McEachen, JC Cusack, TJ McEachen, JC AF McEachen, JC Cusack, TJ McEachen, JC TI A model for a PC-based, universal-format, multimedia digitization system: Moving beyond the scanner SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE education; digitizing; images; video; scanner ID TEACHING FILE; IMAGE QUALITY; SOFTWARE AB Rationale and Objectives. Digitizing images for use in case presentations based on hardcopy films, slides, photographs, negatives, books, and videos can present a challenging task. Scanners and digital cameras have become standard tools of the trade. Unfortunately, use of these devices to digitize multiple images in many different media formats can be a time consuming and in some cases unachievable process. The authors' goal was to create a PC-based solution for digitizing multiple media formats in a timely fashion while maintaining adequate image presentation quality. Materials and Methods. The authors' PC-based solution makes use of off-the-shelf hardware applications to include a digital document camera (DDC), VHS video player, and video-editing kit. With the assistance of five staff radiologists, the authors examined the quality of multiple image types digitized with this equipment. The authors also quantified the speed of digitization of various types of media using the DDC and video-editing kit. Results. With regard to image quality, the five staff radiologists rated the digitized angiography, CT, and MR images as adequate to excellent for use in teaching files and case presentations. With regard to digitized plain films, the average rating was adequate. As for performance, the authors recognized a 68% improvement in the time required to digitize hardcopy films using the DDC instead of a professional quality scanner. Conclusions. The PC-based solution provides a means for digitizing multiple images from many different types of media in a timely fashion while maintaining adequate image presentation quality. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Peoria, IL 61637 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 530 NE Glen Oak Dr,SF NB 4695, Peoria, IL 61637 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 10 IS 8 BP 914 EP 918 DI 10.1016/S1076-6332(03)00010-2 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 714AT UT WOS:000184890700016 PM 12945930 ER PT J AU Romano, M Agrawal, BN AF Romano, M Agrawal, BN TI Acquisition, tracking and pointing control of the bifocal relay mirror spacecraft SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Congress of the International-Astronautical-Federation (IAF) CY OCT 10, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Internat Astronaut Fed (IAF) AB This paper presents the results of both numerical and experimental studies on the guidance, dynamics and control of the Bifocal Relay Mirror spacecraft. This proposed spacecraft consists of two large gimbaled telescopes, that are optically coupled and used to redirect a laser beam from a ground-based source to a distant point. The attitude control system consists of reaction wheels, star trackers and gyros. The optical control system consists of fast steering mirrors and optical tracker sensors. The very tight pointing and jitter requirements, together with the multi-body nature of the spacecraft, make the control of the system very challenging. Numerical simulations have been performed on a complete analytical model of the system dynamics, in order to compare two different control approaches proposed for the attitude and tracking/pointing. Moreover experiments were carried out on a spacecraft simulator test-bed, modelling the transmitter portion of the Bifocal Relay Mirror spacecraft. The main tasks of the presented experiments were: first, to validate the attitude stabilization control together with the target acquisition-tracking-pointing and laser jitter rejection; second, to prove the effectiveness of the test-bed itself as an important tool to be used in the following researches. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD AUG-NOV PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4-10 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00131-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 699XH UT WOS:000184081700027 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R AF Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R TI Potassium 1,3,4,6-tetranitro-2,5-diazapentalene SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The structure of the potassium salt of the dianion of 1,3,4,6-tetranitro-2,5-diazapentalene is reported, viz. 2 K+.C6N6O82-. Only three atoms of the central 2,5-diazapentalene skeleton are unique, as the anion possesses 2/m symmetry. The potassium cation is nine-coordinate, forming K - O and K - N bonds to five different 1,3,4,6-tetranitro-2,5-diazapentalene anions. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butcher, RJ (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, 525 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 BP M591 EP M593 DI 10.1107/S1600536803015095 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 706UV UT WOS:000184474200020 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R AF Butcher, RJ Bottaro, JC Gilardi, R TI Ammonium 1,3,4,6-tetranitro-2,5-diazapentalene SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The structure of the ammonium salt of the dianion of 1,3,4,6-tetranitro- 2,5-diazapentalene is reported, viz. 2NH(4)(+).C6N6O82-. Only three atoms of the central 2,5-diazapentalene skeleton are unique, as the anion possesses 2/m symmetry. The ammonium cation forms strong hydrogen bonds to the aza N and nitro O atoms, forming a sheet in the ac plane. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1149 EP O1150 DI 10.1107/S1600536803015101 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 706UV UT WOS:000184474200083 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Evans, RN AF Gilardi, R Evans, RN TI 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1,4-dinitrocyclo-hexane dihydrate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C6H10N2O8.2H(2)O, involves a cyclohexane with four hydroxyl and two nitro group substituents. In the crystal form reported here, the molecules lie across crystallographic inversion centres. The crystal structure contains an extensive network of hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and nitro groups and the water molecules. The water molecule is involved in every hydrogen bond. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1226 EP O1227 DI 10.1107/S1600536803016532 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 706UV UT WOS:000184474200113 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Evans, RN Duddu, R AF Gilardi, R Evans, RN Duddu, R TI 1,3,5-Tris(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-1,3,5-traizacyclohexane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB The title compound, C21H18F3N3O6S3, has a chair conformation that is similar to the majority of the 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane rings reported in the literature. It is the product of a condensation reaction between fluorobenzenesulfonamide and formaldehyde, and its empirical and structural formula were determined by X-ray analysis. The molecules are located on mirror planes in space group Pnma. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INC Ardec, Geoctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1187 EP O1188 DI 10.1107/S1600536803015228 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 706UV UT WOS:000184474200100 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Evans, RN Dave, PR AF Gilardi, R Evans, RN Dave, PR TI 1,4,8,11-tetrabenzyl-6,13-dimethylene-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane- 2,3,9,10-tetraone SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB The title compound, C40H40N4O4, contains a 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane ring, with four benzyl and two methylene substituents and also four carbonyl groups. This molecule is only the second reported structure of the 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane ring with four carbonyl groups on C atoms 2, 3, 9 and 10. Large-ring nitrogen heterocycles are often useful for their ability to selectively coordinate with certain metal ions, and are also sometimes used as precursors to new energetic materials. In the crystal structure the molecule is centrosymmetric. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GeoCtr Inc Ardec, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gilardi@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2003 VL 59 BP O1126 EP O1127 DI 10.1107/S1600536803014843 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 706UV UT WOS:000184474200073 ER PT J AU Stone, KJ Viera, AJ Parman, CL AF Stone, KJ Viera, AJ Parman, CL TI Off-label applications for SSRIs SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY SYMPTOMS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREMATURE EJACULATION; SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE; PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE; VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE; ANXIETY DISORDERS; FLUOXETINE AB Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used because of their safety, tolerability, and demonstrated efficacy across a broad range of clinical conditions. Medical literature supports the use of SSRIs for the treatment of many conditions outside of the indications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. SSRIs offer a reasonable alternative to traditional therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. A side effect of SSRIs coincidentally provides therapy for premature ejaculation. SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches and are possibly effective in reducing the pain of diabetic neuropathy. When taken in combination with tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs offer more potent therapy for fibromyalgia than either agent alone. SSRIs appear to be effective in some patients with neurocardiogenic syncope that is refractory to standard therapies. Clinical experience supported by ongoing research continues to expand on the broad array of therapeutic applications for this class of medication. Copyright (C) 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, 2080 CHild St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 711KY UT WOS:000184740800006 PM 12924832 ER PT J AU Adriano, E Jagoe, JM Harrison, T Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS AF Adriano, E Jagoe, JM Harrison, T Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS TI Survival of patients with untreated cervical carcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE natural history; cervical carcinoma; untreated; archival data ID CANCER AB Patients infrequently present with advanced-stage cervical malignancy in the United States, where access to care and aggressive screening, detection, and treatment regimens are the standard. Neglected cancer is more likely in countries with underdeveloped healthcare delivery systems; yet in this new millennium. we foresee not only an aging population with modem medicine able to prolong life expectancy, but also attentive screening regimens even amid the older old. Taking into account common comorbid illness from which patients used to die, informed consent in making a treatment in the robust and frail elderly becomes a new challenge. Recognizing an ever-growing population in today's culture of patient-directed care, clinicians may find patients choosing alternative modalities or simply declining conventional therapies. The difficult dilemma then arises about how to inform a patient most accurately of her prognosis in an untreated condition. In the past, virtually all patients in the United States traditionally received some treatment for cervical cancer on diagnosis; thus, review was made of archival published literature to document survival of patients with untreated cervical cancer. This review of the distant literature may have correlates to prognosis of some current patients with advanced or neglected disease and aid in our ability to provide informed counseling to our patients. Review of the Index Medicus and its predecessors and an extensive MEDLINE search revealed five articles dealing with survival of patients with untreated cervical cancer. Actuarial analysis of these data through 5 years after diagnosis was possible since most of these papers described their findings similarly. Most women presented in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Median survival of the 1,824 patients followed until death was about 18 months. Actuarial 5-year survival for these patients was 3.1%. Reasoned estimates of the natural history of untreated cervical cancer provide a baseline to which the survival of treated patients may be compared. This allows not only assessment of the efficacy of interventions, but also better informing of patients in an evidence-based approach when they exercise their right to "choose" expectant management or an unconventional therapy. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Div Gynecol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 709ZW UT WOS:000184657200011 PM 12902888 ER PT J AU Steffen, C Thomas, D AF Steffen, C Thomas, D TI The man behind the eponyms - Richard L Sutton: Periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens (Sutton's ulcer) and leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum - Sutton's (halo) nevus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Richard L. Sutton; MD; periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens (Sutton's ulcer); leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum (halo nevus; Sutton's nevus); minor aphthae; major aphthae (Sutton's ulcer); herpetiform aphthae; complex aphthae; recurrent aphthous stomatitis; Behcet's disease ID APHTHOUS STOMATITIS AB Richard L. Sutton described what he termed "periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens," now known as major aphthosis or Sutton's ulcer in 1911. He described "leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum" (halo nevus, Sutton's nevus) in 1916. Here, we summarize the 2 publications by Sutton, trace his life story, and comment briefly on these 2 diseases. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendelton, CA USA. RP Steffen, C (reprint author), 1717 Avocado Rd, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1097/00000372-200308000-00014 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 703RX UT WOS:000184295700013 PM 12876497 ER PT J AU Denardo, B Miller, GL AF Denardo, B Miller, GL TI Quasi-nonpropagating wave sources in one dimension SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRING EXCITATIONS AB When a medium is driven by a spatially extended wave source, it is possible that no waves emanate from the driven region and a standing wave, occurs in, side the region. This case is a nonpropagating wave source. We report numerical observations and theory in one dimension, where the realistic effects of weak dissipation and weak nonuniformity are included. Each of the effects causes a small amount of propagation to occur so that the source becomes quasi-nonpropagating. The amplitude of the outgoing wave compared to the amplitude of the standing wave is substantially reduced for a uniform source compared to a two-point source of the same length, which suggests that the more evenly a source is spread over a fixed lengths, the less is the relative propagation. (C) 2003 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denardo, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 71 IS 8 BP 778 EP 782 DI 10.1119/1.1574038 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 703KG UT WOS:000184278100009 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Wallace, MR Lamb, CR Conlin, AMS Amundson, DE Olson, PE Ryan, MAK Robinson, TJ Gray, GC Earhart, KC AF Crum, NF Wallace, MR Lamb, CR Conlin, AMS Amundson, DE Olson, PE Ryan, MAK Robinson, TJ Gray, GC Earhart, KC TI Halting a pneumococcal pneumonia outbreak among United States Marine Corps trainees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CHRONIC-CARE FACILITIES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PYOGENES INFECTION; DISEASE; PROPHYLAXIS; RESIDENTS; EXERCISE; CHILDREN; VACCINE AB Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia in all age groups. Identifying outbreaks of pneumococcal disease and key risk factors may lead to improvements in vaccination and prevention strategies for high-risk groups. A significant outbreak of S. pneumoniae pneumonia that occurred among Marine recruits is reported here. Methods: An outbreak was investigated using standard microbiologic procedures and epidemiologic evaluation to define the extent of the outbreak, determine the microbiologic causative agent(s), identify risk factors for the development of disease, and institute preventive measures against further cases of pneumonia among recruits. Results: Fifty-two cases of radiographically confirmed pneumonia occurred among 3367 Marine recruits over a 2-week period in November 2000. Twenty-five of these cases occurred in a single company of 481 men, with an attack rate of 5.2%. Twelve of the 25 cases were caused by S. pneumoniae, serotypes 4 and 9v. The outbreak rapidly ended following isolation of cases, prophylaxis with oral azithromycin, and administration of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusions: This outbreak of pneumococcal disease occurred in the setting of intense military training and a crowded environment. The use of the pneumococcal vaccine year-round in military trainees and other high-risk populations to reduce pneumococcal disease should be considered. C1 USN, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN Hosp, Oceanside, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00114-4 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 703TC UT WOS:000184296200005 PM 12880877 ER PT J AU Pavlin, JA Mostashari, F Kortepeter, MG Hynes, NA Chotani, RA Mikol, YB Ryan, MAK Neville, JS Gantz, DT Writer, JV Florance, JE Culpepper, RC Henretig, FM Kelley, PW AF Pavlin, JA Mostashari, F Kortepeter, MG Hynes, NA Chotani, RA Mikol, YB Ryan, MAK Neville, JS Gantz, DT Writer, JV Florance, JE Culpepper, RC Henretig, FM Kelley, PW TI Innovative surveillance methods for rapid detection of disease outbreaks and bioterrorism: Results of an interagency workshop on health indicator surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; RECORDS; CITY C1 Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, New York, NY USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk, Brooks AFB, TX USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Appl & Engn Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Prince William Cty Hlth Dist, Manassas, VA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Clin Toxicol & Poison Control Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Pavlin, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1230 EP 1235 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.8.1230 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 708CG UT WOS:000184549100016 PM 12893601 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Savage, HM Hajjeh, RA McReady, J Bartholomew, DM Spiegel, RA Vorndam, V Clark, GG Gubler, DG AF Ashford, DA Savage, HM Hajjeh, RA McReady, J Bartholomew, DM Spiegel, RA Vorndam, V Clark, GG Gubler, DG TI Outbreak of dengue fever in Palau, Western Pacific: Risk factors for infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC; VIRUSES AB Between January and June 1995, an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Palau, an island nation of 32,000 inhabitants in the Western Pacific. To determine the magnitude of this outbreak and to determine modifiable risk factors to guide control strategies, we established active surveillance at the national hospital and private clinics, reviewed available clinical records, and conducted serologic and entomologic surveys. Between January 1 and July 1, 1995, 817 case-patients with acute febrile illness with body or joint aches and one of the following: headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, or hemorrhagic manifestations presented to health facilities in Palau. The epidemic peaked in the second week of April 1995. Of 338 case-patients tested, 254 (75%) had positive serologic results by an IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dengue 4 virus was isolated from 78 (51%) of 154 serum samples tested. Blood samples collected during a cross-sectional survey were tested for IgM antibody and yielded an attack ratio of 27% (95% confidence interval = 23-31%). Potential vectors included the introduced species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, and the native species Ae. hensilli. Significant risk factors (P less than or equal to 0.05) for infection included age < 20 years, the presence of food or water pans for animals on the property, taro farming, the presence of Ae. aegypti on the property, and presence of Ae. scutellaris group mosquitoes (Ae. Hensilli, Ae. albopictus, and a native species). This was the first outbreak of dengue 4 virus in the Western Pacific, and the first documented epidemic of dengue in Palau since 1988. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Alameda, CA USA. Palau Minist Hlth, Koror, Palau. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 716XD UT WOS:000185054200003 PM 13677368 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Huang, NE Wang, DW AF Hwang, PA Huang, NE Wang, DW TI A note on analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary ocean wave data. SO APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nlinear; nonstationary; Huang-Hilbert transformation; empirical mode decomposition; FFT; wavelet; frequency modulation; wave spectrum ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; HILBERT SPECTRUM AB The Huang-Hilbert transformation (HHT, composed of empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transformation) can be applied to calculate the spectrum of nonlinear and nonstationary signals. The superior temporal and frequency resolutions of the HHT spectrum are illustrated by several examples in this article. The HHT analysis interprets wave nonlinearity in terms of frequency modulation instead of harmonic generation. The resulting spectrum contains much higher spectral energy at low frequency and sharper drop off at high frequency in comparison with the spectra derived from Fourier-based analysis methods (e.g. FFT and wavelet techniques). For wind generated waves, the spectral level of the Fourier spectrum is about two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the HHT spectrum at the first subharmonic of the peak frequency. The resulting average frequency as defined by the normalized first momentum of the spectrum is about 1.2 times higher in the Fourier-based spectra than that of the HHT spectrum. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 7 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1187 J9 APPL OCEAN RES JI Appl. Ocean Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.apor.2003.11.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 813ZB UT WOS:000220943900002 ER PT J AU Singh, CP Yousuf, M Qadri, SB Turner, DC Gaber, BP Ratna, BR AF Singh, CP Yousuf, M Qadri, SB Turner, DC Gaber, BP Ratna, BR TI Transparent monolithic cubic mesoporous silica synthesized by structure-directing surfactant SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FILMS; SPHERES AB The synthesis of transparent monolithic silica with a structure consistent with a space group Pn3m )isdemonstratedusingatemplate-directedsynthesisapproach.TheprocedureisbasedonthehydrolysisandpolymerizationofsiliconalkoxideatlowpHinthepresenceofacationicsurfactant.Thelow-pHreactionrouteischosentoobtaintransparentmonolithicmesoporoussilica.AstructureconsistentwiththePn3m) space group with unit cell lattice parameter ranging from 60-64 Angstrom was identified using small-angle X-ray diffraction. While the lattice parameter is observed to be a monotonically increasing function of surfactant-to-silica ratio, the surfactant-to-alkoxide ratio has a weak discernible effect on the lattice parameter. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the samples are in the range of 787-845 m(2)/g, 0.37-0.51 cc/g and 18-24 Angstrom respectively. This synthesis approach offers a one-step formation of monolithic mesoporous silica of diverse dimensions for potential use in a variety of technological applications such as catalysis, controlled release and adsorption phenomena . C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nano Interface Technol Inc, Lorton, VA 22079 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s00339-002-1505-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 703TA UT WOS:000184296000039 ER PT J AU Joyner, D AF Joyner, D TI Arithmetic of characters of generalized symmetric groups SO ARCHIV DER MATHEMATIK LA English DT Article AB The result here answers the following questions in the affirmative: Can the Galois action on all abelian (Galois) fields K/Q be realized explicitly via an action on characters of some finite group? Are all subfields of a cyclotomic field of the form Q(chi), for some irreducible character chi of a finite group G? In particular, we explicitly determine the Galois action on all irreducible characters of the generalized symmetric groups. We also determine the "smallest" extension of Q required to realize (using matrices) a given irreducible representation of a generalized symmetric group. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0003-889X J9 ARCH MATH JI Arch. Math. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s00013-003-0814-0 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 733ZD UT WOS:000186030000001 ER PT J AU Terrell, D Kaiser, DH Henden, AA Koff, R West, D Dvorak, S Pullen, AC Stephan, CP AF Terrell, D Kaiser, DH Henden, AA Koff, R West, D Dvorak, S Pullen, AC Stephan, CP TI The double supergiant binary OW Geminorum SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : individual (OW Geminorum); supergiants ID LIGHT CURVES; STAR LIGHT; CYGNI AB We present an analysis of recently published photometry of OW Geminorum during its 2002 eclipse season. The photometric data are analyzed simultaneously with previously published radial velocities. The results show that OW Gem consists of an F2 Ib-II primary with M-1 = 5.8 +/- 0.2 M., R-1 = 30.1 +/- 0.3 R. and a G8 IIb secondary with M-2 = 3.9 +/- 0.1 M., R-2 = 31.7 +/- 0.3 R.. We discuss the evolutionary implications of these results. C1 SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Crescent Moon Observ, Columbus, IN 47201 USA. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Antelope Hills Observ, Bennett, CO 80102 USA. W Skies Observ, Derby, KS 67037 USA. Rolling Hills Observ, Clermont, FL 34711 USA. Coyote Hill Observ, Wilton, CA 95693 USA. Robert Clyde Observ, Sebring, FL 33876 USA. RP Terrell, D (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 126 IS 2 BP 902 EP 905 DI 10.1086/376479 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 706GU UT WOS:000184446600024 ER PT J AU Harris, HC Liebert, J Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Anderson, SF Knapp, GR Krzesinski, J Schmidt, G Strauss, MA Berk, DV Eisenstein, D Hawley, S Margon, B Munn, JA Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Szkody, P Collinge, MJ Dahn, CC Fan, XH Hall, PB Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J Burles, S Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Lupton, RH Nichol, RC Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Uomoto, A Yanny, B York, DG AF Harris, HC Liebert, J Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Anderson, SF Knapp, GR Krzesinski, J Schmidt, G Strauss, MA Berk, DV Eisenstein, D Hawley, S Margon, B Munn, JA Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Szkody, P Collinge, MJ Dahn, CC Fan, XH Hall, PB Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J Burles, S Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Lupton, RH Nichol, RC Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ SubbaRao, M Uomoto, A Yanny, B York, DG TI An initial survey of white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : chemically peculiar; stars : magnetic fields; surveys; white dwarfs ID EARLY DATA RELEASE; HAMBURG/ESO SURVEY; STELLAR OBJECTS; HYDROGEN-RICH; STARS; SYSTEM; SPECTRA; DISCOVERY; CATALOG; CARBON AB An initial assessment is made of white dwarf and hot subdwarf stars observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In a small area of sky ( 190 square degrees), observed much like the full survey will be, 269 white dwarfs (WDs) and 56 hot subdwarfs are identified spectroscopically where only 44 white dwarfs and five hot subdwarfs were known previously. Most are ordinary DA ( hydrogen atmosphere) and DB ( helium) types. In addition, in the full survey to date, a number of WDs have been found with uncommon spectral types. Among these are blue DQ stars displaying lines of atomic carbon; red DQ stars showing molecular bands of C-2 with a wide variety of strengths; DZ stars where Ca and occasionally Mg, Na, and/or Fe lines are detected; and magnetic WDs with a wide range of magnetic field strengths in DA, DB, DQ, and ( probably) DZ spectral types. Photometry alone allows identification of stars hotter than 12,000 K, and the density of these stars for 15 < g < 20 is found to be similar to2.2 deg(-2) at Galactic latitudes of 29degrees - 62degrees. Spectra are obtained for roughly half of these hot stars. The spectra show that for 15 < g < 17, 40% of hot stars are WDs, and the fraction of WDs rises to similar to90% at g = 20. The remainder are hot sdB and sdO stars. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, Akad Pedag Krakowie, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012 NR 67 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 126 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1040 DI 10.1086/376842 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 706GU UT WOS:000184446600034 ER PT J AU Capitaine, N Wallace, PT McCarthy, DD AF Capitaine, N Wallace, PT McCarthy, DD TI Expressions to implement the IAU 2000 definition of UT1 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; reference systems; ephemerides; time ID CELESTIAL EPHEMERIS ORIGIN; REFERENCE FRAME; PRECESSION; NUTATION; OBLIQUITY; EQUINOX; TIME AB This paper provides expressions to be used to implement the new definition of UT1 corresponding to the IAU 2000 resolutions either in the new (CEO-based) or classical (equinox-based) transformations between the International Terrestrial Reference System ( ITRS) and the Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS). The new expression for Greenwich Sidereal Time (GST) has to be in agreement at the microarcsecond level, for one century, with the IAU 2000 expressions for the Earth Rotation Angle ( ERA) and for the quantity s positioning the Celestial Ephemeris Origin (CEO) on the equator of the CIP. The computations of the new expressions using the IAU 2000 precession-nutation model are performed in such a manner as to ensure that there is no discontinuity in UT1 on 1 January 2003 and that there is equivalence of the classical and new transformations between the ITRS and GCRS relative to the rotation about the axis of the CIP when these expressions are used. The equinox offset that is considered in the computations refers to the dynamical mean equinox of J2000.0. The resulting expressions have been included in the IERS Conventions 2000. C1 CNRS, Observ Paris, SYRTE, UMR8630, F-75014 Paris, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, HM Naut Almanac Off, Space Sci & Technol Dept, CLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Capitaine, N (reprint author), CNRS, Observ Paris, SYRTE, UMR8630, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 406 IS 3 BP 1135 EP 1149 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030817 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 704BL UT WOS:000184317800035 ER PT J AU Blanton, MR Hogg, D Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Britton, M Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Fukugita, M Loveday, J Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nichol, RC Okamura, S Quinn, T Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Strauss, MA Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH AF Blanton, MR Hogg, D Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Britton, M Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Fukugita, M Loveday, J Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nichol, RC Okamura, S Quinn, T Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Strauss, MA Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH TI The galaxy luminosity function and luminosity density at redshift z=0.1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; galaxies : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; COSMIC SPECTRUM; SAMPLE; FIELD; CALIBRATION; MAGNITUDES; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM AB Using a catalog of 147,986 galaxy redshifts and fluxes from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we measure the galaxy luminosity density at z = 0.1 in five optical bandpasses corresponding to the SDSS bandpasses shifted to match their rest-frame shape at z = 0.1. We denote the bands (0.1)u, (0.1)g, (0.1)r, (0.1)i, (0.1)z with lambda(eff) = (3216; 4240; 5595; 6792; 8111 Angstrom), respectively. To estimate the luminosity function, we use a maximum likelihood method that allows for a general form for the shape of the luminosity function,fits for simple luminosity and number evolution, incorporates the flux uncertainties, and accounts for the flux limits of the survey. We find luminosity densities at z = 0.1 expressed in absolute AB magnitudes in a Mpc(3) to be (-14.10 +/- 0.15, -15.18 +/- 0.03, - 15.90 +/- 0.03, -16.24 +/- 0.03, -16.56 +/- 0.02) in ((0.1)u, (0.1)g, (0.1)r, (0.1)i, (0.1)z), respectively, for a cosmological model with Omega(0) = 0.3, Omega(Lambda) = 0.7, and h = 1 and using SDSS Petrosian magnitudes. Similar results are obtained using Sersic model magnitudes, suggesting that flux from outside the Petrosian apertures is not a major correction. In the (0.1)r band, the best-fit Schechter function to our results has phi* = (1.49 +/- 0.04) x 10(-2) h(3) Mpc(-3), M-* - 5 log(10) h = - 20.44 +/- 0.01, and alpha = - 1.05 +/- 0.01. In solar luminosities, the luminosity density in (0.1)r is (1.84 +/- 0.04) x 10(8) h L-0.1r,L-. Mpc(-3). Our results in the (0.1)g band are consistent with other estimates of the luminosity density, from the Two-Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Millennium Galaxy Catalog. They represent a substantial change ( similar to 0.5 mag) from earlier SDSS luminosity density results based on commissioning data, almost entirely because of the inclusion of evolution in the luminosity function model. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, McPherson Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Blanton, MR (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 46 TC 708 Z9 711 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 2 BP 819 EP 838 DI 10.1086/375776 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 705RG UT WOS:000184408100013 ER PT J AU Stockdale, CJ Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Montes, MJ Panagia, N Sramek, RA Perez-Torres, MA Marcaide, JM AF Stockdale, CJ Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Montes, MJ Panagia, N Sramek, RA Perez-Torres, MA Marcaide, JM TI Radio emission from SN 2001gd in NGC 5033 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 5033); radio continuum : stars; stars : mass loss; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2001gd) ID SUPERNOVAE AB We present the results of monitoring the radio emission from the Type IIb supernova SN 2001gd between 2002 February 8 and 2002 October 28. Most of the data were obtained using the Very Large Array at the five wavelengths of 1.3 cm (22.4 GHz), 2.0 cm (14.9 GHz), 3.6 cm (8.44 GHz), 6.2 cm (4.86 GHz), and 21 cm (1.4 GHz). Observations were also made with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at 21 cm (1.4 GHz). The object was discovered optically well after maximum light, making any determination of the early radio evolution difficult. However, subsequent observations indicate that the radio emission has evolved regularly in both time and frequency and is well described by the supernova shock - circumstellar medium interaction model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RP Stockdale, CJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015; OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 2 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1086/375737 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 705RG UT WOS:000184408100018 ER PT J AU Klose, S Henden, AA Greiner, J Hartmann, DH Cardiel, N Castro-Tirado, AJ Ceron, JMC Gallego, J Gorosabel, J Stecklum, B Tanvir, N Thiele, U Vrba, FJ Zeh, A AF Klose, S Henden, AA Greiner, J Hartmann, DH Cardiel, N Castro-Tirado, AJ Ceron, JMC Gallego, J Gorosabel, J Stecklum, B Tanvir, N Thiele, U Vrba, FJ Zeh, A TI The very faint K-band afterglow of GRB 020819 and the dust extinction hypothesis of the dark bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; infrared : general ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; HOST GALAXY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; REDSHIFTS; EMISSION; COUNTERPART; GRB-980703; GRB-970828 AB We report rapid follow-up K'-band observations of the error box of the bright High Energy Transient Explorer burst GRB 020819. We find that any afterglow was fainter than K' = 19 only 9 hr after the burst. Because no optical afterglow was found, GRB 020819 represents a typical "dark burst.'' At first, we discuss if extinction by cosmic dust in the GRB host galaxy could explain the faintness of the afterglow of GRB 020819. We then turn to the entire ensemble of K-band dark afterglows. We find that extinction by cosmic dust in the GRB host galaxies is still a possible explanation for the faintness of many afterglows. In all investigated cases a combination of only a modest extinction with a modest redshift can explain the observations. However, the required extinction is very high if these bursts occurred at redshifts smaller than unity, perhaps arguing for alternative models to explain the nature of the dark bursts. C1 Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. USN Observ, ISNO USRA, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Real Inst & Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, Madrid 28080, Spain. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Calar Alto Observ, E-04004 Almeria, Spain. RP Klose, S (reprint author), Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. RI Cardiel, Nicolas/F-1030-2016; OI Cardiel, Nicolas/0000-0002-9334-2979; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563 NR 64 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 2 BP 1025 EP 1034 DI 10.1086/375861 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 705RG UT WOS:000184408100029 ER PT J AU Richards, MT Waltman, EB Ghigo, FD Richards, DSP AF Richards, MT Waltman, EB Ghigo, FD Richards, DSP TI Statistical analysis of 5 year continuous radio flare data from beta Persei, V711 Tauri, sigma Librae, and UX Arietis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; radio continuum : stars; stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : flare; stars : individual (V711 Tauri, HR 1099, 13 Persei, Algol, delta Librae, UX Arietis) ID PERIOD ALGOL BINARIES; RS CVN BINARIES; LATE-TYPE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY; ACTIVITY CYCLES; DELTA-LIBRAE; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; ECLIPSING BINARIES; ACCRETION DISKS AB We report on the longest-running continuous radio flare survey of two Algol-type systems (beta Per and delta Lib) and two RS CVn systems (V711 Tau and UX Ari). All four systems have late-type components, and all were known to display radio flaring activity. The primary aim of the campaign was to determine the time-scales for flaring activity in these systems. The radio continuum flux at 2.3 and 8.3 GHz was monitored with the NRAO-Green Bank Interferometer from 1995 January to 2000 October. The survey spanned 2096 days with interruptions during maintenance runs and temporary closings of the interferometer. Many strong flares were detected with continuum fluxes at 8.3 GHz as high as 1.17 Jy in beta Per, 1.44 Jy in V711 Tau, and 0.82 Jy in UX Ari. Only two flares were detected from delta Lib during 1123 days of monitoring, and the continuum flux reached a maximum of only 0.034 Jy at 8.3 GHz. The independent techniques of Power Spectrum Analysis and Phase Dispersion Minimization were used to determine the periodicity of flaring activity in each binary. The strongest periodicities found were 48.9 +/- 1.7 days for beta Per, 120.7 +/- 3.4 days for V711 Tau, and 141.4 +/- 4.5 days for UX Ari, with other significant periodicities of 80.8 +/- 2.5 days for V711 Tau and 52.6 +/- 0.7 days for UX Ari. In the case of delta Lib, the strongest periodicities were related to the duration of the two monitoring cycles within the data set and are not real. The continuous survey has demonstrated that there are active and quiescent flaring cycles in V711 Tau and beta Per. During both of these cycles, beta Per had more flares than V711 Tau, but its strongest flares were typically weaker than those of V711 Tau. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Richards, MT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mrichards@astro.psu.edu; waltmane@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; fghigo@nrao.edu; richards@stat.psu.edu NR 66 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 147 IS 2 BP 337 EP 361 DI 10.1086/375835 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 704BY UT WOS:000184318900004 ER PT J AU Bhatia, AK Landi, E AF Bhatia, AK Landi, E TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for S x SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; plasmas ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; HIGHLY IONIZED SULFUR; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; N = 2; EMISSION-LINES; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RESONANCE LINES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for S x. The configurations included are 2s(2)2p(3), 2s2p(4), 2p(5), 2s(2)2p(2)3s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, and 2s(2)2p(2)3d giving rise to 72 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ryd. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved. Proton excitation rates between the levels of the ground configuration have also been calculated and included in the statistical equilibrium equations. The predicted S x line intensities are compared with SUMER observations of the quiet Sun. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 147 IS 2 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1086/375721 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 704BY UT WOS:000184318900009 ER PT J AU Horn, WG Thomas, TL Marino, K Hooper, TI AF Horn, WG Thomas, TL Marino, K Hooper, TI TI Health experience of 122 submarine crewmembers during a 101-day submergence SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE submariners; symptoms; health; exercise; military medicine; hygiene; artificial environment; self care ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTS; PERSONNEL; ILLNESS AB Introduction: The artificial environment encountered in submarine duty may affect the health of crewmembers. Previous studies of submariner health have not examined self-treatment habits or the incidence of minor health problems for which no care is sought from a health care provider. Our study examined patterns of minor medical problems and self-treatment among the crew of one submarine over a period of continued submergence for 101 d. Methods: Study data were obtained from three self-administered serial surveys of 122 medically screened U.S. Navy personnel onboard a submerged nuclear-powered submarine at the beginning, middle, and end of the study. Results: During the first half of the study, 82% had medical complaints, most commonly runny nose, difficulty sleeping, and backache. In the second half, 77% listed complaints, most commonly difficulty sleeping. Despite readily available medical care, self-medication for minor unreported health problems was common, with use of products such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, multi-vitamins, health supplements, topical preparations, and antihistamine/decongestants. Discussion: Planning for medical care in isolated environments should include consideration of unreported minor medical problems and self-treatment patterns. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Horn, WG (reprint author), USN, Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Box 900, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 74 IS 8 BP 858 EP 862 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 706WV UT WOS:000184478800009 PM 12924761 ER PT J AU Thach, DC Shaffer, KM Ma, W Stenger, DA AF Thach, DC Shaffer, KM Ma, W Stenger, DA TI Assessing the feasibility of using neural precursor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for detection of bioactive Sindbis virus SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE cell-based biosensor; bioactivity; Sindbis virus; neural precursor cells; peripheral blood mononuclear cells ID BIOELECTRIC RECOGNITION ASSAY; DENDRITIC CELLS; ALPHAVIRUS INFECTION; NEURONS; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; BIOSENSORS; GENERATION; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAYS AB Viruses form a significant class of bio-threat agents. Currently, the only method to determine the bioactivity of viruses in vitro is to measure viral and cellular responses after co-incubation of cells with virus. Our goal is to find biomarkers for classification of agents, establishment of bioactivity, and/or prediction of disease outcomes. To begin development of a cell-based biosensor for detection of bioactive Sindbis virus (SV), our model analyte, we surveyed the outcomes of SV interaction with primary rat neural precursor cells (NPC) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Confocal fluorescence analysis of NPC treated with recombinant SV carrying green-fluorescent-protein (SV-GFP) showed that most cells were GFP positive by day I post inoculation. 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining of the nucleus showed nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and the percentage of TUNEL positive cells were higher in virus-treated cells than in mock-treated control. Also, there were less BrdU positive cells in virus-treated cells compared to control. Thus, SV infects NPC, decreases cellular proliferation, and induces cell death via apoptosis. PBMC were treated with SV- or UV-inactivated SV. By day 5 post infection, there were fewer adherent cells in SV-treated PBMC compared to UV-inactivated SV treated PBMC. However, the percentage of viable cells remained the same, and virus growth curves showed only clearance of virus. Thus, SV induces detachment of a subpopulation of PBMC while not killing most of the cells. Together, these results indicate that NPC and PBMC respond to bioactive SV inoculation, suggesting potential use as detectors of SV in cell-based biosensor paradigm. These studies also provide the rationale, time-scale, and phenotypic correlates for further studies with gene expression arrays. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1072 AR PII S0956-5663(02)00246-4 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00246-4 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 693TY UT WOS:000183735500012 PM 12782470 ER PT J AU ElHalawani, SM Ly, NT Mahon, RT Amundson, DE AF ElHalawani, SM Ly, NT Mahon, RT Amundson, DE TI Exhaled nitric oxide as a predictor of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; dyspnea; exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; nitric oxide ID LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ASTHMATIC-PATIENTS; AIR; CHILDREN; SEVERITY; METHACHOLINE; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE; BRIDE AB Introduction: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is present in 40 to 90% of patients with asthma. Exhaled NO (eNO) levels have been correlated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, and have correlated with the degree of decrease in FEV1 with exercise. The purpose of our study was to examine whether eNO measurements prior to or after exercise could be used as a surrogate marker of exertional bronchoconstriction in a population referred specifically for the evaluation of EIB. Methods: We studied 50 consecutive subjects without a history of asthma who were referred for the clinical evaluation of EIB. eNO levels were measured prior to exercise challenge and every 5 min for a total of 30 min after exercise. Forced expiratory flows were measured prior to and serially after exercise challenge. Results: Seven subjects had a decrease in FEV1 of greater than or equal to 15% with exercise. The mean eNO level prior to exercise was 41 parts per billion (ppb) [median +/- SD, 23 +/- 42.2 ppb] in the EIB group and 25.6 ppb (median, 19.95 +/- 18.47 ppb) in the group without EIB. A receiver operator characteristic curve yielded a value of 0.636. When using an eNO level of < 12 ppb, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for FIB were 1.0, 0.31, 0.19, and 1.0, respectively; therefore, no one with a baseline eNO of < 12 ppb demonstrated FIB. Conclusions: No subjects with very low pre-exercise eNO levels (< 12 ppb) demonstrated bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise. eNO measurement may obviate the need for bronchoprovocation testing in patients who complain of exertional dyspnea. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Mahon, RT (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rtmahon@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 639 EP 643 DI 10.1378/chest.124.2.639 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 712MG UT WOS:000184801000035 PM 12907554 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Furukawa, Y Daulton, TL Lavoie, D Newell, SW AF Kim, JW Furukawa, Y Daulton, TL Lavoie, D Newell, SW TI Characterization of microbially Fe(III)-reduced nontronite: Environmental cell-transmission electron microscopy study SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE EC-TEM; layer contraction; microbial Fe(III) reduction; nontronite; Shewanella oneidensis; XRD ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON OXIDATION-STATE; OCTAHEDRAL-IRON; STRUCTURAL IRON; NA-NONTRONITE; REDUCTION; SMECTITE; MINERALS; CLAY; EDGE AB Microstructural changes induced by the microbial reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite by Shewanella oneidensis were studied using environmental cell (EC)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), conventional TEM, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Direct observations of clays by EC-TEM in their hydrated state allowed for the first time an accurate and unambiguous TEM measurement of basal layer spacings and the contraction of layer spacing caused by microbial effects, most likely those of Fe(III) reduction. Non-reduced and Fe(III)-reduced nontronite, observed by EC-TEM, exhibited fringes with mean d(001) spacings of 1.50 nm (standard deviation, sigma=0.08 nm) and 1.26 nm (sigma=0.10 nm), respectively. In comparison, the same samples embedded with Nanoplast resin, sectioned by microtome, and observed using conventional TEM, displayed layer spacings of 1.0-1.1 nm (non-reduced) and 1.0 nm (reduced). The results from Nanoplast-embedded samples are typical of conventional TEM studies, which have measured nearly identical layer spacings regardless of Fe oxidation state. Following Fe(III) reduction, both EC- and conventional TEM showed an increase in the order of nontronite selected area electron diffraction patterns while the images exhibited fewer wavy fringes and fewer layer terminations. An increase in stacking order in reduced nontronite was also suggested by XRD measurements. In particular, the ratio of the valley to peak intensity (v/p) of the 1.7 nm basal 001 peak of ethylene glycolated nontronite was measured at 0.65 (non-reduced) and 0.85 (microbially reduced). C1 USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510403 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 711PK UT WOS:000184750100003 ER PT J AU Kolev, OI AF Kolev, OI TI Cutaneous microcirculatory reaction to externally and internally applied cold caloric stimuli and its habituation SO CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE habituation; skin microcirculation; cold caloric reflex; internal stimulus; external stimulus ID VASCULAR-RESPONSES; PRESSOR TEST; TEMPERATURE; DISEASE; HUMANS; REFLEX; CALF; HAND; WARM AB The skin microcirculatory reaction to internally and externally applied cold stimuli and its habituation were studied in 10 subjects. Stimuli were applied, via drinking and injecting water (5 degreesC) through a probe into the stomach, and by immersing one foot in water (5 degreesC) 10 times, and the reaction was measured by a LDF Results showed a decrease in the microcirculation after external stimulation, while no reaction was detected in response to internal stimulations. Repetitive stimulations evoke slow habituation. C1 Univ Hosp Neurol & Psychiat, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. RP Kolev, OI (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0959-9851 J9 CLIN AUTON RES JI Clin. Auton. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 295 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10286-003-0102-x PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 720TX UT WOS:000185277000011 PM 12955556 ER PT J AU Blackmon, MH Polson, P AF Blackmon, MH Polson, P TI Cognitive task analysis SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review C1 TNO Human Factors, Soeterberg, Netherlands. USN, Cognit Neural & Biomol Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Cognit Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Blackmon, MH (reprint author), TNO Human Factors, Soeterberg, Netherlands. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 468 EP 470 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 711PE UT WOS:000184749600029 ER PT J AU Doescher, MS Evans, U Colavita, PE Miney, PG Myrick, ML AF Doescher, MS Evans, U Colavita, PE Miney, PG Myrick, ML TI Construction of a nanowell electrode array by electrochemical gold stripping and ion bombardment SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS AB Gold nanowell electrode arrays, with a well-depth of approximately 50 nm, have been prepared. The electrodes were prepared by the electrodeposition of gold throughout the pores of a porous alumina membrane. Both electrochemical gold stripping and ion bombardment were employed to remove gold to create the wells, with the best results obtained from a combination of these techniques. The nanoelectrode arrays were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and by electrochemical methods. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Inst, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Limerick, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Limerick, Ireland. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Inst, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Colavita, Paula/H-7778-2012; OI Colavita, Paula/0000-0003-1008-2874; Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 6 IS 8 BP C112 EP C115 DI 10.1149/1.1589632 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 696KN UT WOS:000183886200012 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Basri, H Weina, P Maguire, JD Barcus, MJ Picarema, H Elyazar, IRF Ayomi, E Sekartuti AF Baird, JK Basri, H Weina, P Maguire, JD Barcus, MJ Picarema, H Elyazar, IRF Ayomi, E Sekartuti TI Adult Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua at high risk of severe disease caused by malaria SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; AFRICAN CHILDREN; ENDEMIC MALARIA; IRIAN-JAYA; AGE; PROPHYLAXIS; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY; EXPOSURE AB Migrants from Java arrive in hyperendemic Papua, Indonesia lacking exposure to endemic malaria. We evaluated records of evacuation to hospital with a diagnosis of severe malaria from a transmigration village in northeastern Papua. During the first 30 months, 198 residents with severe disease were evacuated (7.5 evacuations/100 person-years). During this period the risk of evacuation for adults (>15 years of age) was 2.8. (95% CI=2.1-3.8; P<0.0001) relative to children, despite apparently equal exposure to risk of infection. Relative risk (RR) for adults was greatest during the first 6 months (RR>16; 95% CIgreater than or equal to2.0-129; P=0.0009), and diminished during the second 6 months (RR=9.4; 95% CI=2.7-32.8; P<0.0001) and the third 6 months (RR 3.7; 95% CI=1.7-7.9; P=0.0004). During the next two 6-month intervals, the RR for adults was 1.6 and 1.5 (95% CI range 0.8-2.6; P<0.18). Adults lacking chronic exposure were far more likely to progress to severe disease compared to children during initial exposure, but not after chronic exposure to infection. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Satellite Lab, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Prov Hlth Res Ctr, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Natl Hlth Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Parasit Dis Program, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 131 IS 1 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1017/S0950268803008422 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716AF UT WOS:000185006100026 PM 12948380 ER PT J AU Trump, CL Marmorino, GO AF Trump, CL Marmorino, GO TI Mapping small-scale along-front structure using ADCP acoustic backscatter range-bin data SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID RIVER PLUME; CONVERGENCE; FEATURES AB A quasi-three-dimensional view of a scallop-shaped river plume front is derived using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) backscatter measurements recorded in individual range bins. The data show that the scallops consist of broad troughs of plume water separated by narrow cusps of ambient water and have an along-front wavelength of about 13 m. Having this view across such an inhomogeneous region is helpful in interpreting the corresponding ADCP velocity measurements, so that an examination of just those ADCP profiles made in the ambient water shows the expected strong sinking motion, which reaches about 25 cm s(-1) at 1-2-m depth. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trump, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4A BP 878 EP 884 DI 10.1007/BF02803346 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 732JA UT WOS:000185936000006 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Levi, AJ Miller, BT Segars, JH AF Frattarelli, JL Levi, AJ Miller, BT Segars, JH TI A prospective assessment of the predictive value of basal antral follicles in in vitro fertilization cycles SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; basal antral follicle count; pregnancy; cancellation rate; ovarian response; ovarian reserve; predictive value; clinical outcome; review ID REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY CYCLES; STIMULATING-HORMONE LEVELS; CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; DAY 3 ESTRADIOL; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN RESPONSIVENESS; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; NUMBER; AGE; ULTRASOUND AB Objective: To determine the predictive value and define threshold values for basal antral follicle count in patients undergoing IVF. Design: Prospective cohort analysis. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patient(s): Two hundred eighty-nine patients. Intervention(s): Transvaginal ultrasonography before starting gonadotropin administration. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of oocytes retrieved, basal hormone levels, and cycle outcomes. Result(s): Pregnant patients had significantly more antral follicles (13.8+/-7.5 vs. 12.4+/-10.0). Patients in whom cycles were canceled had significantly fewer antral follicles (7.6+/-4.8 vs. 13.7+/-8.8). Antral follicle count significantly correlated with most prestimulation and poststimulation IVF variables. Threshold analysis demonstrated a lower pregnancy rate (23.5% vs. 57.6%) and a higher cancellation rate (41% vs. 6.4%) associated with having four or fewer antral follicles. Conclusion(s): The basal antral follicle count identified patients who responded poorly to IVF stimulation. Having four or fewer antral follicles was associated with a high cancellation rate (41%) and, in patients without a cancelled cycle, a low pregnancy rate (23%). However, no antral follicle count absolutely predicted pregnancy or cycle cancellation. (Fertil Steril(R) 2003;80:350-5. (C) 2003 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Reprod Med Associates, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, USN, Med Ctr,Combined Fed Program Reprod Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pediat & Reprod Endocrinol Branch, USN,Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 25 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00664-2 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 709PZ UT WOS:000184634700021 PM 12909498 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Kim, CS Meyer, JR Spector, SJ Lennon, DM Turner, GW Manfra, MJ AF Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Lindle, JR Kim, CS Meyer, JR Spector, SJ Lennon, DM Turner, GW Manfra, MJ TI Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers for the midwave infrared SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Materials and Devices CY SEP 08-11, 2002 CL ANNOPOLIS, MARYLAND ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; BEAM QUALITY; HIGH-POWER; FILAMENTATION; AMPLIFIER; CW AB Theoretical modelling indicates that photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers should be capable of providing near-diffraction-limited, spectrally pure sources of midwave-infrared radiation. The authors have studied both 2nd-order and 1st-order optically pumped PCDFB lasers with 'W' active regions. Whereas it was not possible to optimise the 2nd-order grating due to the limitations of optical lithography, the 1st-order grating was fabricated using electron-beam lithography with a nearly optimum set of coupling coefficients. The resonant wavelength of the 1st-order grating remained somewhat longer than the gain peak at all temperatures up to the maximum for laser operation. In spite of the substantial detuning, the beam quality improved by a factor of five over angled-grating (alpha-DFB) lasers fabricated from similar material, and was slightly better than that for the 2nd-order grating at stripe widths < 175 pm. Although the devices were operated in the pulsed mode, a considerable narrowing of the multi-mode spectral linewidth was also realised. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20030536 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 744KN UT WOS:000186628700011 ER PT J AU Song, L Vurgaftman, I Degroote, S Bewley, WW Kim, CS Borghs, G Meyer, JR Heremans, P AF Song, L Vurgaftman, I Degroote, S Bewley, WW Kim, CS Borghs, G Meyer, JR Heremans, P TI Optically pumped mid-infrared type-11 W lasers on InAs substrates SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Materials and Devices CY SEP 08-11, 2002 CL ANNOPOLIS, MARYLAND ID WELL DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; CASCADE LASER; MBE GROWTH; HIGH-POWER AB The authors report the design, MBE growth, processing and characterisation of mid-infrared type-H W lasers grown on InAs. Optical pumping by a 980 nm laser diode produced CW lasing to 78 K, where the emission wavelength was 3.52 mum. Pulsed operation was observed to 265 K with pumping by a Q-switched 2.1 mum Ho:YAG laser. The differential power conversion efficiency per facet for the 40-period structure was as high as 4.6% at T = 30 K in the CW mode. The threshold at low temperatures was extremely low, e.g. 20W/cm(2) at T=20K. The characteristic temperature for CW lasing at 10 K < T < 78 K was 26 K, while for pulsed operation in the range T = 78-200 K it was 36 K. C1 IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Song, L (reprint author), IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1049/ip-opt20030485 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 744KN UT WOS:000186628700012 ER PT J AU Gevaux, DG Green, AM Phillips, CC Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Gevaux, DG Green, AM Phillips, CC Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI 3.3 mu m 'W' quantum well light emitting diode SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Materials and Devices CY SEP 08-11, 2002 CL ANNOPOLIS, MARYLAND ID LASERS; SUPERLATTICES AB Recent studies suggest that the radiative conversion efficiency of mid-infrared semiconductor devices is limited by non-radiative Auger mechanisms. Band structure engineering techniques, such as the introduction of strain or the use of type-II band offset materials, have been shown to reduce the effect of Auger recombination. Results from light emitting diodes (LEDs) with an active region consisting of ten InAs/GaInSb/InAs/AlGaAsSb type-II W quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaSb substrates are described. At room temperature, the device was characterised by a slope efficiency of 98 muW/A at low currents, which dropped at higher currents due to heating. This corresponded to an internal efficiency of approximately 2.6%. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Expt Solid State Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gevaux, DG (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Expt Solid State Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20030789 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 744KN UT WOS:000186628700017 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Varesi, JB Johnson, SM AF Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Varesi, JB Johnson, SM TI Negative luminescence from MWIR HgCdTe/Si devices SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Materials and Devices CY SEP 08-11, 2002 CL ANNOPOLIS, MARYLAND ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; LED OPERATION; GROWN HGCDTE; FABRICATION; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; INJECTION; CARRIERS; DIODES AB The negative luminescence (NL) of a midwave-infrared (MWIR) HgCdTe photodiode (lambda(co) = 5.3 mum at 295 K) was investigated using both a modulated, self-referencing, optical technique and an electrical modulation technique. The internal negative luminescence efficiencies measured using optical modulation were 88% throughout the 3-5 mum spectral region, and nearly independent of temperature in the 240-300 K range. This corresponds to an apparent temperature reduction of 53 K at room temperature and 35 K at 240 K when a saturation reverse bias is applied. Efficiencies measured by the electrical modulation technique were consistent with the measured internal efficiencies and the measured reflectivity of the device. The reflectance and emission spectra measured with an FTIR spectrometer were modelled using empirical HgCdTe absorption formulas. The reverse saturation current density of 1.3 A/cm(2) is lower than any reported previously in the literature for an NL device with cut-off wavelength beyond 4 mum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon Infrared Operat, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20030721 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 744KN UT WOS:000186628700020 ER PT J AU Stokes, DW Forrest, RL Li, JH Moss, SC Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M AF Stokes, DW Forrest, RL Li, JH Moss, SC Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M TI X-ray diffraction analysis of lateral composition modulation in InAs/GaSb superlattices intended for infrared detector applications SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Materials and Devices CY SEP 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; FREE SOLID FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; STEP ENERGIES; MU-M; STABILITY; GROWTH; LASERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DEPENDENCE AB Lateral compositional modulation in a (InAs)(13)/(GaSb)(13) superlattice grown by molecular beam epitaxy for infrared detector applications has been investigated using high-resolution X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps exhibit distinct lateral satellite peaks about the vertical superlattice peaks; however, the pattern is tilted with respect to the (001) direction. This tilt is directly related to the stacking of the layers as revealed by cross-sectional scanning tunnelling microscopy (XSTM) images. XSTM shows the morphology of the structure to consist of InAs- and GaSb-rich regions with a modulation wavelength of similar to1200 Angstrom and a lateral composition wavelength of 554 3 A. The modulation only occurs along one in-plane direction, resulting in InAs 'nanowires' along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction, which are several microns long. The possible causes of the lateral composition modulation and its impact on device performance are discussed. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USA, Res Lab, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Stokes, DW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 420 EP 423 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20030643 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 744KN UT WOS:000186628700031 ER EF