FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cohen, ME Leonard, DL Charlton, DG Roberts, HW Ragain, JC AF Cohen, ME Leonard, DL Charlton, DG Roberts, HW Ragain, JC TI Statistical estimation of resin composite polymerization sufficiency using microhardness SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE resin composite polymerization; Knoop hardness; hardness ratios; statistical methods AB With respect to determining sub-surface resin polymerization sufficiency, this study compared a traditional method of applying linear regression to bottom- to top-surface Knoop hardness ratios to an alternative method based on nonlinear regression. Inverse linear regression on ratios was used to estimate the exposure duration required for 80% bottom-surface hardness with respect to the top, in six light-by-material groups. Alternatively, a one-phase, two-parameter, exponential association of the form Y = Y-max (1 - e(-kt)) (where Y-max is maximum hardness, k is a rate constant, and t is exposure duration), was used to model hardness. Inverse nonlinear regression estimated, for each condition, the exposure duration required for the bottom surface to achieve 80% of corresponding condition (light and material) top-surface Y-max. Mathematically, analysis of ratios was demonstrated to yield potentially less precise and biased estimates. Nonlinear regression yielded better statistical fit and provided easily accessible tests for differences in k across tight-system groups. Another recently proposed nonlinear model, for polymerization, Y = Y(max)kt(n)/(l + kt(n)), was also considered. While this new model. has substantially greater phenomenological and mechanistic justification, we found that the model-fitting process was more sensitive to initial parameter values and sometimes yielded untenable results when applied to our data. However, we believe that these problems would not occur if sample points are well distributed across a wide range of exposure durations, and that the model, Y = Y-max kt(n)/(1 + kt(n)), should be considered for such data sets. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Cohen, ME (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM mark.cohen@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00087-3 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 779CN UT WOS:000189278200007 PM 14706799 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, JA Bailey, JK Rehill, BJ Martinsen, GD Hart, SC Lindroth, RL Keim, P Whitham, TG AF Schweitzer, JA Bailey, JK Rehill, BJ Martinsen, GD Hart, SC Lindroth, RL Keim, P Whitham, TG TI Genetically based trait in a dominant tree affects ecosystem processes SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE condensed tannins; ecosystem ecology; extended phenotype; genetic diversity; leaf litter decomposition; nitrogen mineralization; plant hybridization; Populus ID NATURAL INTERSECTIONAL HYBRIDIZATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SECONDARY METABOLITES; POPULUS SALICACEAE; SECTIONS AIGEIROS; CLONAL VARIATION; SOIL FERTILITY; POPLAR POPULUS; HYBRID ZONES; LEAF-LITTER AB Fundamental links between genes and ecosystem processes have remained elusive, although they have the potential to place ecosystem sciences within a genetic and evolutionary framework. Utilizing common gardens with cottonwood trees of known genotype, we found that the concentration of condensed tannins is genetically based and is the best predictor of ecosystem-level processes. Condensed tannin inputs from foliage explained 55-65% of the variation in soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization under both field and laboratory conditions. Alternative associations with litter lignin, soil moisture or soil temperature were relatively poor predictors of litter decomposition and net N mineralization. In contrast to the paradigm that the effects of genes are too diffuse to be important at the ecosystem-level, here we show that plant genes had strong, immediate effects on ecosystem function via a tight coupling of plant polyphenols to rates of nitrogen cycling. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schweitzer, JA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Jennifer.Schweitzer@nau.edu RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009; Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255; NR 50 TC 195 Z9 198 U1 9 U2 65 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00562.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 772BK UT WOS:000188820400007 ER PT J AU Pepi, MS Hibbs, JE Wells, KR AF Pepi, MS Hibbs, JE Wells, KR TI Metallurgical examination of an M107 projectile fragment SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE metallurgical examination; projectiles; fragment analysis; temperature effects AB A fragment of steel from a detonated M107 projectile was examined in order to determine whether the temperature produced by the explosion was extreme enough to melt the bronze rotating band. There was an environmental concern that the detonation temperature may have been high enough to melt and/or vaporize the bronze alloy. Extensive metallographic analysis, hardness testing and scanning electron microscopy were conducted in an attempt to determine the temperature imparted on the projectile. Based on the results of this testing and examination, as well as information provided by the probable manufacturer of this ordnance, it was determined that the temperature reached most likely did not approach the melting point of the bronze rotating band. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Pepi, MS (reprint author), USN, Weapons Div, Code 476500D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2003.06.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 759XY UT WOS:000187781200002 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Burton, DT Fisher, DJ Callahan, J Wilson, CL Still, KR Spargo, BJ AF Arfsten, DP Burton, DT Fisher, DJ Callahan, J Wilson, CL Still, KR Spargo, BJ TI Assessment of the aquatic and terrestrial toxicity of five biodegradable polymers SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE polymer; biodegradable; toxicity; plants; aquatic organisms ID PRODUCTS; BORON AB Radiofrequency countermeasures (i.e., chaff) may be released by fighter jets during tactical countermeasures training. Chaff cartridges, pistons, and endcaps (i.e., chaff dispenser materials), all currently made of styrene, are also released into the environment. Accumulation of chaff dispenser materials in the environment is a concern of the Department of Defense. The US Navy is exploring the possibility of constructing degradable chaff dispenser components made of biodegradable polymers. Five polymers are being considered. Degradability and toxicity tests are two of several criteria being used to evaluate various available biodegradable options. Dissolution products from four of five polymers being considered were toxic to aquatic organisms with LC50s/LOELs ranging between 1.24 and 731.30 mg total organic concentration/L. Supernatant from dissolving a 90:10 polyester amide/polyvinyl alcohol copolymer in water for 24 h inhibited shoot growth of Brassica rappa and Lepidium sativum. Since our results were obtained using fractions of saturated degradable polymer solutions (I or 10 g/L), we conclude that the tested degradable polymers were of low toxicity to the seven aquatic organisms and two terrestrial plant species used in our assays. However, our characterization of the toxicity of these degradable polymers may not be applicable to all species or environmental situations. Information gained from these studies will be used for making decisions on which polymers should be used in the engineering of environmentally friendly chaff dispenser cartridges, pistons, and endcaps. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NHRC TD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Environm Hlth Effec, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), NHRC TD, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Environm Hlth Effec, Bldg 433,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil FU PHS HHS [A3270-01] NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00087-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 771ZE UT WOS:000188815300010 PM 14757383 ER PT J AU Amling, C AF Amling, C TI How the addition of hormones improves outcome: Hormone therapy and surgery SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Opinion-Leaders CY JUN, 2003 CL Los Angeles, CA DE hormone therapy; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy ID 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CANCER; RECURRENCE; PROGRESSION; ADJUVANT; RISK AB Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) prior to radical prostatectomy can result in both downsizing (30-35% after 3 months) and downstaging of the tumour. In localised disease, NHT reduces the incidence of positive margins by about 50%. However, 3 months of NHT has failed to show a benefit in terms of biochemical (PSA) recurrence after surgery. Longer courses of NHT are being investigated and may result in better biochemical outcomes. Patients at high risk of disease progression after radical prostatectomy should be considered for adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) or chemotherapy, as some studies suggest that immediate therapy may be superior to deferred treatment in these high-risk groups. In patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy, PSA kinetics allows us to identify those patients who may benefit most from early hormonal treatment. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Amling, C (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM clamling@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-9056 J9 EUR UROL SUPPL JI Eur. Urol. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.eursup.2003.12.007 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 778EV UT WOS:000189227200007 ER PT J AU Yang, WH Parker, T Ladouceur, HD Kee, RJ AF Yang, WH Parker, T Ladouceur, HD Kee, RJ TI The interaction of thermal radiation and water mist in fire suppression SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; DROPLET AB Water mist is a highly effective fire-protection agent. In addition to the direct interaction of evaporating droplets with a flame to cause weakening or extinction, the mist serves to scatter and absorb thermal radiation. The central objective of this paper is to characterize the interaction of the water mist with thermal radiation. The droplet cloud can absorb thermal radiation, especially in the wavelengths associated with water bands. The radiation serves to preheat and pre-evaporate the droplets upstream of the flame itself, altering the structure and extinction of the flame. The mist also acts as a radiation shield that attenuates radiation. The radiative characteristics of the mist depend strongly on droplet size and number density. Spectrally dependent gas-phase emission and absorption is modeled using an exponential wide-band model and radiation-droplet interaction is modeled using Mie-scattering theory. Radiative transfer in the mist is described with a two-flux model. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kee, RJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rjkee@mines.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 41 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2003.07.001 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 761FE UT WOS:000187889700003 ER PT J AU Rivera, DF Bansal, R AF Rivera, DF Bansal, R TI Towed antennas for US submarine communications: A historical perspective SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc DE history; radio communication; submarine; underwater vehicles; underwater technology; underwater antennas; underwater radio propagation; underwater radio communication; antennas AB The evolution of the submarine and the development of radio communication are interrelated. From the earliest days, the effectiveness of a submarine as a war-fighting vessel was linked to its ability to receive orders via the then new medium of radio. This paper traces the earliest work that linked the two together-particularly from the viewpoint of the antenna as the ship's electronic "ears"-to the present, where work is being done to provide the "silent service" with the communications sensors needed to participate fully in the battle space of the future. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Electromagnet Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Rivera, DF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Electromagnet Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM riveradf@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; rajeev@engr.uconn.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1109/MAP.2004.1296142 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 813ED UT WOS:000220889500001 ER PT J AU Jarvis-Wloszek, Z Philbrick, D Kaya, MA Packard, A Balas, G AF Jarvis-Wloszek, Z Philbrick, D Kaya, MA Packard, A Balas, G TI Control with disturbance preview and online optimization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE anytime; disturbance preview; model predictive control; receding horizon control ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; RECEDING-HORIZON CONTROL; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; STABILITY; TRACKING AB We present a intuitive and self-contained formulation of a stability preserving receding horizon control strategy for a system where limited preview information is available for the disturbances. The simplicity of the derivation is due to (and its benefits somewhat offset by) a set of stringent and highly structured assumptions. The formulation uses a suboptimal value function for terminal cost, and relies on optimization strategies that only require a trivial improvement property, allowing implementation as an "anytime" algorithm. The nature of this strategy's performance is clarified with linear examples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jarvis-Wloszek, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zachary@jagger.berkeley.edu; philbrickdo@navair.navy.mil; alpay@jagger.berkeley.edu; pack@jagger.berkeley.edu; balas@aem.umn.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD FEB PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1109/TAC.2003.822876 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 775JP UT WOS:000189037200014 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Twarog, EM McLaughlin, DJ Sletten, MA Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Allan, N AF Zhang, XH Twarog, EM McLaughlin, DJ Sletten, MA Marmorino, GO Trump, CL Allan, N TI Radar scattering behavior of estuarine outflow plumes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE polarization; radar imaging; sea coast ID LOW GRAZING ANGLES; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; STREAM CURRENT CONVERGENCE; SEA SPIKES; BREAKING WAVES; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; CHESAPEAKE BAY; OCEANIC FRONTS; X-BAND; SURFACE AB We present results of dual-polarized radar scattering measurements of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume. Near-unity polarization ratios (ratios of horizontally polarized radar echoes over vertically polarized ones) are observed in large incidence angle (60degrees to 80degrees) radar echoes from the outflow plume and its frontal boundary (normally referred to as a front) under strong surface current convergence (0.008-0.02 S-1), suggesting the existence of steepened and breaking waves in the regions. Cumulative distribution functions of the horizontally polarized radar returns from the front show approximately 90% of the radar echoes are from steepened and breaking waves. Vertically polarized echoes do not show this effect. These experimental results substantiate early modeling investigators' speculation of featured scattering contributing to horizontally polarized radar signatures of oceanic fronts. Our results also suggest that horizontal radar polarization can be used to remotely sense additional hydrodynamic processes such as wave trapping, blocking, and breaking near oceanic fronts better than what is possible with only vertical polarization. C1 Peking Univ, Inst Remote Sensing & GIS, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peking Univ, Inst Remote Sensing & GIS, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM xuehu@pku.edu.cn; elizabeth.twarog@nrl.navy.mil; mclaughlin@ecs.umass.edu NR 67 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 367 EP 379 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.821056 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 773XA UT WOS:000188949600011 ER PT J AU Li, L Njoku, EG Im, E Chang, PS Germain, KS AF Li, L Njoku, EG Im, E Chang, PS Germain, KS TI A preliminary survey of radio-frequency interference over the US in Aqua AMSR-E data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR); microwave radiometry; radio-frequency interference (RFI); land remote sensing ID RADIOMETER AB A spectral difference method is used to quantify the magnitude and extent of radio-frequency interference (RFI) observed over the United States in the Aqua AMSR-E radiometer channels. A survey using data from the AMSR-E instrument launched in May 2002 shows the interference to be widespread in the C-band (6.9 GHz) channels. The RFI is located mostly, but not always, near large highly populated urban areas. The locations of interference are persistent in time, but the magnitudes show temporal and directional variability. Strong and moderate RFI can be identified relatively easily using an RFI index derived from the spectral difference between the 6.9- and 10.7-GHz channels. Weak RFI is difficult to distinguish, however, from natural geophysical variability. These findings have implications for future microwave sensing at C-band, particularly over land areas. An innovative concept for radiometer system design is also discussed as a possible mitigation approach. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM li.li@jpl.nasa.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; eastwood.im@jpl.nasa.gov; paul.s.chang@noaa.gov; karen.Stgermain@nrl.navy.mil RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938 NR 13 TC 114 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817195 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 773XA UT WOS:000188949600012 ER PT J AU Piepmeier, JA McMurray, GV Lipkin, H AF Piepmeier, JA McMurray, GV Lipkin, H TI Uncalibrated dynamic visual servoing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article DE dynamic nonlinear least squares; Jacobian estimation; uncalibrated visual servoing ID PERFORMANCE AB A dynamic quasi-Newton method for uncalibrated, vision-guided robotic tracking control with fixed imaging is developed and demonstrated. This method does not require calibrated kinematic and camera models. Robotic control is achieved at each step through minimizing a non-linear objective function, by taking quasi-Newton steps and estimating the composite Jacobian at each step. The Jacobian is estimated using a dynamic recursive least-square's algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of this approach. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM piepmeie@usna.edu; gary.mcmurray@gtri.gatech.edu; harvey.lipkin@me.gatech.edu NR 14 TC 103 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1042-296X J9 IEEE T ROBOTIC AUTOM JI IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1109/TRA.2003.820923 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA 776QL UT WOS:000189127900017 ER PT J AU Prendergast, MM Tribble, DR Baqar, S Scott, DA Ferris, JA Walker, RI Moran, AP AF Prendergast, MM Tribble, DR Baqar, S Scott, DA Ferris, JA Walker, RI Moran, AP TI In vivo phase variation and serologic response to lipooligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni in experimental human infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; MILLER-FISHER-SYNDROME; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GANGLIOSIDE MIMICS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SIALYLATION; ANTIGENS AB Some Campylobacter jejuni strains which exhibit mimicry of gangliosides in their lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are associated with development of Guillain-Barre syndrome, which complicates the selection of a suitable C. jejuni strain in a live-attenuated vaccine. C. Jejuni 81-176 is the most well characterized strain available, but structurally, LOS of C. jejuni 81-176 exhibits mimicry of predominantly GM(2) and GM(3) gangliosides. We compared the antiganglioside human serologic responses of 22 volunteers post-oral vaccination (two-dose series, 14 days apart) with a killed whole-cell C. jejuni vaccine, those of volunteers (22 following initial challenge and 5 upon rechallenge) experimentally infected with the homologous C. jejuni vaccine strain 81-176, and those of 12 volunteers used as controls (placebo recipients). All volunteers were evaluated using thin-layer chromatography immuno-overlay and a panel of nine gangliosides at days 0, 21, and 28 either postvaccination or postinoculation. Antiganglioside antibodies were identified at baseline in 6 of the 61 volunteers (9.8%). There were no antiganglioside antibodies observed following vaccination or experimental infection rechallenge. Evidence of seroconversion was observed in 2 of 22 (9.1%) in the initial infection challenge group, comparable to 1 of 12 (8.3%) in the placebo recipients. Additional testing of seven selected volunteers in the initial challenge group at days 0, 3, 7, 10, 21, 28, and 60 showed that when antiganglioside antibodies occurred (mostly anti-GM(1) and -GM(2)), responses were weak and transient. Furthermore, evidence from serologic probing of LOSs of isolates recovered from stools of six volunteers indicated that the isolates had undergone antigenic phase variation in ganglioside mimicry during passage in vivo. Collectively, with the exception of one volunteer with anti-GM(2) antibodies at day 60, the results show an absence of persistent antiganglioside antibodies after experimental infection with C. jejuni or following administration of a killed C. jejuni whole-cell oral vaccine, although LOS phase variation occurred. C1 Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Antex Biol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Moran, AP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Microbiol, Univ Rd, Galway, Ireland. EM anthony.moran@nuigalway.ie NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 72 IS 2 BP 916 EP 922 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.2.916-922.2004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 771BV UT WOS:000188766400036 PM 14742536 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Jones, KA Derenge, MA Wood, MC Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Smith, DJ Davydov, AV Anderson, WT Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, A Jones, KA Derenge, MA Wood, MC Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Smith, DJ Davydov, AV Anderson, WT Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN TI Electrical, microstructural, and thermal stability characteristics of Ta/Ti/Ni/Au contacts to n-GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER OHMIC CONTACT; ALGAN/GAN; IMPLANTATION; MECHANISM; NITRIDE AB A metallization technique has been developed for obtaining low resistance Ohmic contact to n-GaN. The metallization technique involves the deposition of a metal layer combination Ta/Ti/Ni/Au on an n-GaN epilayer. It is observed that annealing at 750 degreesC for 45 s leads to low contact resistivity. Corresponding to a doping level of 5x10(17) cm(-3), the contact resistivity of the contact rho(S)=5.0x10(-6) Omega cm(2). The physical mechanisms underlying the realization of low contact resistivity is investigated using current-voltage characteristics, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1516 EP 1524 DI 10.1063/1.1633660 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800109 ER PT J AU Codiga, DL Rice, JA Baxley, PA AF Codiga, DL Rice, JA Baxley, PA TI Networked acoustic modems for real-time data delivery from distributed subsurface instruments in the coastal ocean: Initial system development and performance SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TELEMETRY; MODULATION AB Results are reported from field tests of networked acoustic modems used for wireless real-time delivery of oceanographic measurements from a distributed array of subsurface instruments in coastal waters. The network demonstrated consists of sensor nodes, repeater nodes, gateway nodes, and a shore-based control center. Sensors are oceanographic instruments interfaced with acoustic modems, deployed in trawl-resistant bottom frames with azimuthally omnidirectional acoustic signaling needed for flexible network rerouting. Repeaters are individual acoustic modems to relay data so the array covers a larger area; only these relatively low-cost nodes are suited for deployment unprotected from trawlers. Gateways are buoys with acoustic modems interfaced to cellular telephone modems for communication between the underwater network and the shore. The experiment site is the inner continental shelf off Montauk Point, New York, and Block Island, Rhode Island, with a U. S. Coast Guard navigation buoy equipped as a gateway. Conditions span a variety of sound-speed profiles, water depths (similar to25-50 m), and seasons. Long-term average rates of successful transmissions fall to about 50% at a range of 3-4 km in the typically adverse shallow-water acoustic channel. This is adequate for networked acoustic modems to be cost effective in providing quantities of data typically required for data assimilative modeling of coastal oceanographic processes. Modem range degrades in association with increased winds; numerically modeled rays indicate that direct paths between nodes commonly do not exist. Networking functions demonstrated include handshaking protocols, receive-all gateway mode, and rerouting of data pathways from shore in response to a repeater node that is trawled out. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Acoust Branch, San Diego, CA USA. RP Codiga, DL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Avery Point Campus,193 Marine Sci Bldg,1084 Shenn, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM d.codiga@uconn.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 331 EP 346 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0331:NAMFRD>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780PT UT WOS:000189391100013 ER PT J AU Gerrard, AJ Kane, TJ Thayer, JP Eckermann, SD AF Gerrard, AJ Kane, TJ Thayer, JP Eckermann, SD TI Concerning the upper stratospheric gravity wave and mesospheric cloud relationship over Sondrestrom, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; RAYLEIGH LIDAR; MESOPAUSE REGION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; SOUTH-POLE; SCANDINAVIA; RELEVANCE; DYNAMICS AB Recent research has shown experimental evidence that upper stratospheric gravity waves observed over Sondrestrom, Greenland (67degreesN. 310degreesE) portray a relationship with overlaying mesospheric clouds. It is the purpose of this paper to update the data from these studies with additional observations and reinvestigate the recently proposed hypothesis that suggests an anti-correlation between upper stratospheric gravity wave activity and mesospheric cloud strength. Data collected with the molecular/aerosol lidar at the ARCtic LIdar TEchnology (ARCLITE) facility in Sondrestrom have provided a total of 37 mesospheric cloud and upper stratospheric gravity wave observations from 1995-2001 that lend additional support to this hypothesis. We find a -0.44 linear correlation between the upper stratospheric gravity wave activity and the observed mesospheric cloud brightness within the 95% confidence interval. Even after considering geophysical variability due to observational limits, the linear correlation between the two fields is still -0.35 and also within a 95% confidence interval. These results suggest that there is indeed a statistically significant negative correlation between the upper stratospheric gravity wave activity and the mesospheric clouds. We then present two case studies from July 2001 that indicate that the upper stratospheric gravity wave activity leads the corresponding onset of mesospheric cloud activity with a time lag of similar to1-4 h. Five additional data sets from 200 1, which are not included here, are consistent with these lag values. The results support recent arguments for upper stratospheric gravity wave activity being related to mesospheric cloud characteristics (1) through the associated vertical group velocity propagation, (2) through a phase delay of the gravity wave field, or (3) through a spurious relationship with other gravity waves generated from a related source spectrum. In an effort to show causality, a scenario is proposed that relates the two phenomena and explains the physical nature of the mesospheric cloud-stratospheric gravity wave relationship. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Clemson Univ, Kinard Lab 118, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. SRI Int, Ionospher & Space Phys Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Middle Atmospher Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penn State Univ, 121 Elect Engn E, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM agerrar@clemson.edu; tjk7@psu.edu; thayer@sri.com; eckerman@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016 OI THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB-MAR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.12.005 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 801UJ UT WOS:000220120500004 ER PT J AU Cheung, KKW AF Cheung, KKW TI Large-scale environmental parameters associated with tropical cyclone formations in the western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS; CYCLOGENESIS; HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; INTENSITY; STORMS; ENSO AB The local environmental conditions associated with 405 tropical cyclone (TC) formations in the western North Pacific during 1990-2001 are examined in this study. Six large-scale parameters are obtained and computed from the NCEP reanalyses with 2.5degrees latitude resolution. These include the sea surface temperature, 200-850-hPa vertical and meridional zonal shear, 500-700-hPa average relative humidity, convective available potential energy, and 200-hPa divergence. It is found that these parameters show quite consistent values in almost all the cases examined, and near-Gaussian distributions are found for them. The mean values of these distributions are 28.9degreesC, -3.2 m s(-1), -2.3 m s(-1), 61.8%, 1184.1 J kg(-1), and 5.2 x 10(-6) s(-1) for the above six domain-averaged parameters, respectively. Based on these distributions of values, a formation potential area is defined as a location that possesses these environmental parameters, all within the thresholds (one standard deviation from the mean value found above) of favorable formations. The correlations of this formation potential area with the observed submonthly, seasonal, and interannual variations in tropical cyclone activity are discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kwcheung@nps.navy.mil NR 28 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 466 EP 484 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0466:LEPAWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200005 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Wang, Z Ju, JH Li, T AF Chang, CP Wang, Z Ju, JH Li, T TI On the relationship between western maritime continent monsoon rainfall and ENSO during northern winter SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB Several studies have reported that Indonesian rainfall is poorly correlated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events during the northern winter wet monsoon season. This work studies the relationship between the Nino-3 (5degreesS-5degreesN, 150degrees-90degreesW) sea surface temperature (SST) and the Maritime Continent monsoon rainfall during 1979-2002. The study indicates that the correlations are mostly negative except in the vicinity of Sumatra and Malay Peninsula (SMP, including the western sections of Java and Borneo), where the correlations range from zero to weakly positive. The monsoon rainfall during ENSO events is influenced by a pair of anomalous Walker cells and a low-level closed circulation centered near the Philippines. East of SMP, the rainfall is negatively correlated with Nino-3 SST. The anomalous low-level wind over the Indian Ocean west of SMP causes rainfall to also be correlated negatively with Nino-3 SST, but rainfall over SMP is sheltered from this effect because of the high mountains along its western coast. The anomalous cross-equatorial flow associated with ENSO also affects the rainfall over SMP and the area to its east differently. A variation of the cross-equatorial flow may also contribute to the SMP rainfall anomaly. The result suggests that the previously reported low correlations between Indonesian monsoon rainfall and ENSO are due in part to the averaging of rainfall in two regions with opposite characteristics. The correlation is positive for Indonesia west of 112degreesE and negative to the east. There is also an interdecadal trend of increasingly negative correlations from 1950-78 to 1979-97. The correlation changes from significantly positive (at 1%) to insignificant in western Indonesia and from insignificant to significantly negative in eastern Indonesia. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Yunnan Univ, Coll Sci, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-CP, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM cpchang@nps.navy.mil NR 13 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0665:OTRBWM>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 772LK UT WOS:000188843200018 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Kane, CJ Presti, JC Amling, CL Elashoff, D Terris, MK AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Kane, CJ Presti, JC Amling, CL Elashoff, D Terris, MK TI Impact of obesity on biochemical control after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: A report by the shared equal access regional cancer hospital database study group SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SEXTANT BIOPSIES; SEARCH DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK FACTOR; FOLLOW-UP; RACE; DIET; PREVALENCE; RECURRENCE AB Purpose Given the limited information regarding the impact of obesity on treatment outcomes for prostate cancer, we sought to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cancer control after radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients and Methods We compared clinicopathologic and biochemical outcome information across BMI groups from 1,106 men treated with BP between 1988 and 2002. Multivariate analysis was used to determine if BMI significantly predicted adverse pathology or biochemical recurrence. Results Obesity was related to year of surgery (P < .001) and race (P < .001), with black men having the highest obesity rates. Obese patients had higher biopsy and pathologic grade tumors (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) was associated with a trend for higher rates of positive surgical margins (P = .008). Overweight patients (BMI, 25 to 30 kg/m(2)) had a significantly decreased risk of seminal vesicle invasion (P = .039). After controlling for all preoperative clinical variables including year of surgery, BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) significantly predicted biochemical failure after BP (P = .002). After controlling for surgical margin status, BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) remained a significant predictor of biochemical failure (P = .012). There was a trend for BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) to be associated with higher failure rates than BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m(2) (P = .053). Conclusion The percentage of obese men undergoing RP in our data set doubled in the last 10 years. Obesity was associated with higher-grade tumors, a trend toward increased risk of positive surgical margins, and higher biochemical failure rates among men treated with RP. A BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m(2) was associated with a higher risk of failure than a BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m(2). (C) 2004 by American Society of Clinical Cincology. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu NR 41 TC 255 Z9 259 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 770PJ UT WOS:000188738900011 PM 14691122 ER PT J AU Trivedi, P Dyer, JA Sparks, DL Pandya, K AF Trivedi, P Dyer, JA Sparks, DL Pandya, K TI Mechanistic and thermodynamic interpretations of zinc sorption onto ferrihydrite SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zn(II); ferrihydrite; sorption; thermodynamics; XAS ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TRISTATE MINING DISTRICT; CRYSTALLINE IRON-OXIDES; AQUEOUS ZN(II) SORPTION; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; HEAVY-METAL CATIONS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; PRECIPITATE GEOMETRY; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; ZN SORPTION AB Elucidating the reaction mechanisms and estimating the associated transport and thermodynamic parameters are important for an accurate description of the fate of toxic metal pollutants, such as Zn(II), in soils and aquatic ecosystems rich in iron oxides. Consequently, sorption of Zn(II) ions onto ferrihydrite was investigated with macroscopic and spectroscopic studies as a function of pH (4.0-8.0), ionic strength (10(-3)-10(-1) M NaNO3), aqueous Zn(II) concentration (10(-8-)10(-2) M), and temperature (4-25degreesC). Present findings suggest that, for a given set of pH and temperature conditions, Zn sorption onto ferrihydrite can best be described by one average reaction mechanism below the saturation limits. Thermodynamic analyses reveal that the Zn(II) ions sorb onto the ferrihydrite surfaces via strong endothermic chemical reactions. Consistently, X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) analyses confirm that, at pH < 6.5, for all Zn loadings, Zn(II) ions form corner-sharing, mononuclear, bidentate inner-sphere complexes with ferrihydrite, where RZn-O approximate to 1.97 Angstrom and RZn-Fe approximate to 3.48 Angstrom. For pH greater than or equal to 6.5, similar sorption complexes were observed at lower sorption densities. Then again, for pH greater than or equal to 6.5 and at higher sorption densities, Zn(II) ions may begin to form zinc-hydroxide-like polynuclear sorption complexes on the surfaces of the ferrihydrite, where RZn-Zn approximate to 3.53 Angstrom. Surprisingly, small changes in temperature had a significant impact on the affinity of zinc for the ferrihydrite surface; equilibrium sorption capacity decreased by 3-4 orders of magnitude as temperature fell from 25 to 4degreesC for all pH. Zinc sorption onto ferrihydrite, therefore, is governed by pH as well as by temperature and sorbate/sorbent ratio. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Engn Technol, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, NRL, SRC, Upton, NY 11026 USA. RP Trivedi, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM paras.trivedi@uaf.edu NR 45 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00586-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 761DC UT WOS:000187883900009 PM 14693137 ER PT J AU Auge, BK Pietrow, PK Lallas, CD Raj, GV Santa-Cruz, RW Preminger, GM AF Auge, BK Pietrow, PK Lallas, CD Raj, GV Santa-Cruz, RW Preminger, GM TI Ureteral access sheath provides protection against elevated renal pressures during routine flexible ureteroscopic stone manipulation SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA; MANAGEMENT; CALCULI AB Background and Purpose: New-generation flexible ureteroscopes allow the management of proximal ureteral and intrarenal pathology with high success rates, including complete removal of ureteral and renal calculi. One problem is that the irrigation pressures generated within the collecting system can be significantly elevated, as evidenced by pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow seen during retrograde pyelography. We sought to determine if the ureteral access sheath (UAS) can offer protection from high intrarenal pressures attained during routine ureteroscopic stone surgery. Patients and Methods: Five patients (average age 72.6 years) evaluated in the emergency department for obstructing calculi underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube placement to decompress their collecting systems. The indications for PCN tube placement were obstructive renal failure (N = 1), urosepsis (N = 2), and obstruction with uncontrolled pain and elevated white blood cell counts (N = 2). Flexible ureteroscopy was subsequently performed with and without the aid of the UAS while pressures were measured via the nephrostomy tube connected to a pressure transducer. Pressures were recorded at baseline and in the distal, mid, and proximal ureter and renal pelvis, first without the UAS, and then with the UAS in place. Results: The average baseline pressure within the collecting system was 13.6 mm Hg. The mean intrarenal pressure with the ureteroscope in the distal ureter without the UAS was 60 mm Hg and with the UAS was 15 mm Hg. With the ureteroscope in the midureter, the pressures were 65.6 and 17.5 mm Hg, respectively; with the ureteroscope in the proximal ureter 79.2 and 24 mm Hg, and with the ureteroscope in the renal pelvis 94.4 and 40.6 mm Hg, respectively. All differences at each location were statistically significant (P < 0.008). Compared with baseline, all pressures measured without the UAS were significantly greater, but only pressures recorded in the proximal ureter and renal pelvis after UAS insertion were significantly higher (P < 0.03). Conclusions: The irrigation pressures transmitted to the renal pelvis and subsequently to the parenchyma are significantly greater during routine URS without the use of the UAS. The access sheath is potentially protective against pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow, with clinical implications for the ureteroscopic management of upper-tract transitional cell carcinoma, struvite stones, or calculi associated with urinary tract infection. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Dept Surg,Div Urol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Preminger, GM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Dept Surg,Div Urol, Box 3167,Room 1572D White Zone, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM glenn.preminger@duke.edu RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 17 TC 95 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1089/089277904322836631 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 800JD UT WOS:000220023700008 PM 15006050 ER PT J AU Elrefaei, M El-Sheikh, N Kamal, K Cao, HY AF Elrefaei, M El-Sheikh, N Kamal, K Cao, HY TI Analysis of T cell responses against hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; CD4; CD8; immunity; Schistosoma mansoni ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; INFECTION; CD4(+); HCV; EPITOPES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS AB Background/Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Egypt. Despite the high prevalence of HCV and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) in Egypt, the effect of co-infection on the immune response against HCV genotype 4a has not been extensively examined. Methods: We evaluated the HCV 4a-specific responses against the core and non-structural 513 proteins in chronic HCV with or without S. mansoni co-infection in 38 volunteers from Egypt. Results: HCV 4a-specific responses were detected in 8/15 and 13/23 individuals with HCV alone or with concomitant schistosomiasis, respectively. Despite the alteration in the Th1 cytokine profile caused by schistosomiasis, the overall immune response rate against HCV was not affected (P = 0.11). Seven individuals demonstrated HCV-specific responses against conserved regions of the Core that were previously identified for genotypes 1, 2 and 3 despite differences in HLA class I distribution. Conclusions: Egyptian patients infected with HCV genotype 4 can mount HCV-specific T cell responses, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-mediated, despite the prevalence of concomitant schistosomiasis. These findings suggest that S. mansoni co-infection may not represent a major obstacle to developing an HCV vaccine in this population. (C) 2003 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Al Azhar Univ, Fac Med Girls, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, NAMRU3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Elrefaei, M (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,VRDL, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM melrefae@dhs.ca.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jhep.2003.10.007 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 775CL UT WOS:000189023100018 PM 14739104 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL Funk, EE Tulchinsky, DA Dexter, JL Williams, KJ AF Campillo, AL Funk, EE Tulchinsky, DA Dexter, JL Williams, KJ TI Phase performance of an eight-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed analog-delay line SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analog systems; crosstalk; optical fiber delay lines; wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) ID DISPERSION; FIBER; MODULATION; CROSSTALK; SYSTEMS AB The design of an eight-channel 25 mus wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) microwave photonic delay line is described. The performance of the delay line was studied by measuring the temperature dependent relative phase drift between channels and the interchannel crosstalk. A simple method for measuring the maximum phase errors produced by the interchannel crosstalk is described and used to measure the maximum error on a channel in this system. The use of polarization interleaving and dispersion compensation to reduce the effects of crosstalk in the system is examined experimentally. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alc@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1109/JLT.2004.824460 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 806OS UT WOS:000220443800015 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II AF Larson, P Mazin, II TI Effect of impurities on magnetic properties of Y(Co5-xCux) and Y-2(CO7-xNix) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic moments; magnetic anisotropy; electronic structure ID METAMAGNETISM; ANISOTROPY AB Doping of the magnetic materials SMCo5 and Sm2Co7 with Cu or Ni enhances the magnetic properties by aligning otherwise independent domains. However, this doping with non-magnetic elements also decreases the magnetic moments of the Co atoms, which we have studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Since localized Stin f-orbitals are very difficult to study within DFT calculations, we have studied Y(Co5-xCux), Y(Co5-xFex), and Y-2(Co7-xNix). While the total magnetic moments appear to follow the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) for the Ni and Cri doping, the localized moments on the Co atoms reduce much slower than expected from the VCA before suddenly dropping to zero at a critical concentration. The magnetic moments of Y(Co5-xCux) have been studied as a function of unit cell volume and c/a ratio which show sudden decreases in both the total and localized moments. In contrast, the magnetic moments of Y(Co5-xFex) increase with doping, but the magnetic anisotropy energy decreases, which is not useful technologically. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Larson, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM larson@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 269 IS 2 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00589-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 763GF UT WOS:000188066000005 ER PT J AU McCormick, ME Caracoglia, L AF McCormick, ME Caracoglia, L TI Hydroelastic instability of low aspect ratio control surfaces SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LONG-SPAN BRIDGES; AERODYNAMIC CONTROL; FLUTTER; DECK AB As the operational speeds of surface ships and submarines increase, so does the probability that unwanted vibrations caused by the hydroelastic instability (flutter) of the special class of hydrofoils called control surfaces. These include rudders and diving planes. By nature, these are thick symmetric hydrofoils having low aspect ratios., The 3-D tip effects become more pronounced as the aspect ratio decreases. In the present study, the added-mass and circulation terms of the 2-D flutter equations are modified to. include three-dimensional effects. The modifications are performed by introducing quasi-steady coefficients to each term. The results predicted by the modified equations are found to compare well with experimental results on a towed rectangular foil having an aspect ratio of one. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP McCormick, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mmccormi@us.na.edu; caracogl@uiuc.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1115/1.1643084 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 804UO UT WOS:000220323800014 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Prasad, S Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Prasad, S Balaram, P TI A combined extended and helical backbone for Boc-(Ala-Leu-Ac(7)c-)(2)-OMe SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crystal structure analysis; helix with extended backbone; lack of hydrogen-bond formation; stacking of cycloheptyl rings ID PEPTIDE MOLECULES; ACID; STEREOCHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; GLYCINES; CRYSTAL; BOND AB The structure of the peptide Boc-Ala-Leu-Ac(7)c-Ala-Leu-Ac(7)c-OMe (Ac(7)c,1-aminocycloheptane-1-carboxylic acid) is described in crystals. The presence of two Ac(7)c residues was expected to stabilize a 3(10)-helical fold. Contrary to expectation the structural analysis revealed an unfolded amino terminus, with Ala(1) adopting an extended beta-conformation (phi = -93degrees,psi = 112degrees). Residues 2-5 form a 3(10)-helix, stabilized by three successive intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Notably, two NH groups Ala(1) and Ac(7)c(3) do not form any hydrogen bonds in the crystal. Peptide assembly appears to be dominated by packing of the cycloheptane rings that stack against one another within the molecule and also throughout the crystal in columns. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902] NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 63 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2003.00120.x PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 803DL UT WOS:000220211700017 PM 15009540 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Rochford, PA O'Brien, JJ AF Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Rochford, PA O'Brien, JJ TI The impact of water turbidity on interannual sea surface temperature simulations in a layered global ocean model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EMBEDDED MIXED-LAYER; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; ARABIAN SEA; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DEPTH VARIABILITY; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; REDUCED-GRAVITY AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with an embedded bulk-type mixed layer model is used to examine the effects of ocean turbidity on sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) simulations over the global ocean. The model accounts for ocean turbidity through depth-dependent attenuation of solar radiation in the mixed layer formulation as determined from the diffusive attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (k(490)) obtained by the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS). Interannual model simulations are used to assess the first-order effects of ocean turbidity on SST and MLD simulation. Results are reported from three model experiments performed using different values for the attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (k(PAR)). It is shown that, although allowing incoming solar radiation to vary in time and space is desirable for predicting SST, in an OGCM use of a constant k(PAR) with a value of 0.06 m(-1) is generally sufficient in the deep ocean. The daily averaged SST time series from the three NLOM simulations are verified against daily in situ SSTs reported from 12 moored buoys in 1996 and 1997. Model results show that allowing the possibility of solar heating below the mixed layer reduces the root-mean-square error (rmse) difference between the daily yearlong model and buoy SST time series by up to 0.4degreesC and reduces the rmse at 11 of the 12 buoy locations. Although using spatially and temporally varying k(PAR) versus a constant k(PAR) 5 0.06 m(-1) (which is representative over most of the global ocean) had low impact overall, using it generally reduced the rmse at low latitudes, and using it can have a substantial impact locally in space and time. The model MLD results show low sensitivity to the k(PAR) value used. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7323,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 65 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 345 EP 359 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0345:TIOWTO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 772LX UT WOS:000188844500001 ER PT J AU Zarras, P AF Zarras, P TI Polycationic salts. VI. Synthesis and in vitro studies of 2-ionene oligomer derivatives of styrene as bile acid sequestering agents SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium Macromolecules in the 21st Century CY OCT 07-09, 2002 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE ionenes; oligomers; vinyl benzyl chloride; bile acids; sequestering activity; N-15 NMR; in vitro studies; polyelectrolytes; NMR ID POLYSTYRENE-B-POLY(N,N,N-TRIMETHYLAMMONIUMETHYLENE ACRYLAMIDE CHLORIDE); AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; TRIALKYLAMMONIUM SALTS; IONENE POLYMERS; CHARGE-DENSITY; CHOLESTEROL; POLYMERIZATION; SORBENTS; DRUGS AB Several vinylbenzyltri-n-alkylammonium salts were prepared via the Menshutkin reaction in high yields by the reaction of vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) and tertiary amines. Additional salts based on 2-ionene oligomers were synthesized via a sequential Menshutkin reaction. The 2-ionene oligomers were further reacted with VBC to afford the vinyl benzyl chloride-2-ionene halide monomers in nearly quantitative yield. The monomers were polymerized in either aqueous or organic solvents with azo initiators in high yield with correspondingly high inherent viscosities. The polymers were measured spectrophotometrically for their bile acid sequestering activity with an in vitro enzymatic reaction. Several of the measured polymers exhibited 15-28% greater activity relative to cholestyramine. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Zarras, P (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap, Air Warfare Div, Code 4T4220D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM peter.zarras@navy.mil NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 701 EP 713 DI 10.1002/pola.10948 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 764FR UT WOS:000188197200033 ER PT J AU Butler, JL Butler, AL Rice, JA AF Butler, JL Butler, AL Rice, JA TI A tri-modal directional transducer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 143rd Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Acoust Soc Amer AB Acoustic transducers made from piezoelectric ceramic cylinders usually exploit the breathing or omnidirectional (omni) mode of vibration. However, with suitable voltage distribution, higher order extensional modes of the cylinder can be excited which produce directional radiation patterns. These modal radiation patterns can then be combined to synthesize desired beam patterns which may be steered by incrementing the excitation. This paper describes a model for the combined acoustic response of the extensional modes of vibration of a piezoelectric ceramic cylinder, a method of synthesizing a desired radiation pattern, and an experimental implementation of a directional transducer that uses these techniques. This tri-modal transducer is broadband and directional with a frequency independent beam pattern yet simple, small, and lightweight. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Image Acoust Inc, Cohasset, MA 02025 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Butler, JL (reprint author), Image Acoust Inc, Cohasset, MA 02025 USA. EM jbutler@imageacoustics.com NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 115 IS 2 BP 658 EP 665 DI 10.1121/1.1639326 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 773VD UT WOS:000188944100022 PM 15000178 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Graph theory and the passivity of binary alloys - More examples SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AL-ZR ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; TI ALLOYS; HCL SOLUTIONS; CR ALLOYS; OXIDE NETWORKS; MO; BREAKDOWN; TITANIUM; FILMS AB Graph theory has been employed to model the passivity or corrosion behavior in various electrolytes for the following binary alloys: W-Zr, Al-Zr, Al-Ti, Mn-Ti, Al-Mo, Ti-Zr, Cr-Ti, and Ti-Cr. Sixteen sets of binary alloys have now been modeled using this approach, and the correlation coefficient between the predicted critical alloy composition using the graph theory approach and the experimental alloy composition is 0.932. Conditions under which the graph theory approach is tenable and limitations of the method are also discussed. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP B82 EP B89 DI 10.1149/1.1637899 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 764CR UT WOS:000188182100027 ER PT J AU Uspenskii, YA Seely, JF Popov, NL Vinogradov, AV Pershin, YP Kondratenko, VV AF Uspenskii, YA Seely, JF Popov, NL Vinogradov, AV Pershin, YP Kondratenko, VV TI Efficient method for the determination of extreme-ultraviolet optical constants in reactive materials: application to scandium and titanium SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE PHOTOABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; X-RAY REGION; MULTILAYER MIRRORS; THIN OVERLAYER; 35-50 NM; REFLECTION; SURFACES; INTERVAL; WAVELENGTH; SILICON AB The chemical reaction of a sample with atmospheric gases causes a significant error in the determinantion of the complex refractive index n = 1 - delta + ibeta in the extreme-ultraviolet region. The protection of samples removes this effect but hampers the interpretation of measurements. To overcome this difficulty, we derive the exact dependences on film thickness of the reflectivity and transmissivity of a protected film. These dependences greatly simplify the determination of delta and beta when the spectra of several films with different thickness and identical protection are measured. They also allow the verification of the delta(omega) obtained from the Kramers-Kronig relation and even make the Kramers-Kronig method unnecessary in many cases. As a practical application, the optical constants of Sc and Ti are determined at homega = 18-70 eV and 18-99 eV, respectively. The essential feature of our experimental technique is deposition of a film sample directly on a silicon photodiode that allows easy operation with both thin (similar to10-nm) and thick (similar to100-nm) films. The comparison of calculated reflectivities of Si-Sc multilayers with the measured values shows the high accuracy of the determined delta(omega) and beta(omega). (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Kharkiv State Polytech Univ, UA-310002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015; Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000298 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 764CZ UT WOS:000188183900016 PM 14763773 ER PT J AU Andrews, RT Spies, JB Sacks, D Worthington-Kirsch, RL Niedzwiecki, GA Marx, MV Hovsepian, DM Miller, DL Siskin, GP Raabe, RD Goodwin, SC Min, RJ Bonn, J Cardella, JF Patel, NH AF Andrews, RT Spies, JB Sacks, D Worthington-Kirsch, RL Niedzwiecki, GA Marx, MV Hovsepian, DM Miller, DL Siskin, GP Raabe, RD Goodwin, SC Min, RJ Bonn, J Cardella, JF Patel, NH CA Task Force Uterine Artery Emboliz Stand Div Soci Interventional Radi TI Patient care and uterine artery embolization for leiomyomata SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sacred Heart Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Spokane, WA USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Image Guided Surg Associates, Philadelphia, PA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Adv Intervent, Clearwater, FL USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Los Angeles, CA USA. Edward Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Vasc Radiol, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Radiol, New York, NY USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Radiol, Syracuse, NY USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Andrews, RT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1097/01.RVI.0000109408.52762.35 PN 1 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 919EF UT WOS:000228600400002 PM 14963177 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Golden, JP Shubin, YS Shriver-Lake, LC Sapsford, KE Rasooly, A Ligler, FS AF Taitt, CR Golden, JP Shubin, YS Shriver-Lake, LC Sapsford, KE Rasooly, A Ligler, FS TI A portable array biosensor for detecting multiple analytes in complex samples SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Microbial Ecology and the Space Environment CY NOV 18-19, 2002 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Int Space Life Sci Working Grp ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RAPID DETECTION; FOODS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; SURFACES AB The Multi-Analyte Array Biosensor (MAAB) has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) with the goal of simultaneously detecting and identifying multiple target agents in complex samples with minimal user manipulation. This paper will focus on recent improvements in the biochemical and engineering aspects of this instrument. These improvements have enabled the expansion of the repertoire of analytes detected to include Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes, and also expanded the different sample matrices tested. Furthermore, all components of the biochemical assays could be prepared well in advance of sample testing, resulting in a "plug-and-play" methodology. Simultaneous detection of three toxins (ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and cholera toxin) was demonstrated using a novel fluidics cube module that limits the number of manipulations to only the initial sample loading. This work demonstrates the utility of the MAAB for rapid analysis of complex samples with multianalyte capability, with a minimum of operator manipulations required for either sample preparation or final analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Suitland, MD USA. George Mason Univ, Arlington, VA USA. US FDA, CFSAN, College Pk, MD USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1011-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 818CL UT WOS:000221223100010 PM 14765282 ER PT J AU Redmond, C Baillie, LWJ Hibbs, S Moir, AJG Moir, A AF Redmond, C Baillie, LWJ Hibbs, S Moir, AJG Moir, A TI Identification of proteins in the exosporium of Bacillus anthracis SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID SPORE COAT; CEREUS; SUBTILIS; GENES; POLYPEPTIDES; GLYCOPROTEIN; GERMINATION; COMPONENT AB Spores of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, possess an exosporium. As the outer surface layer of these mature spores, the exosporium represents the primary contact surface between the spore and environment/host and is a site of spore antigens. The exosporium was isolated from the endospores of the B. anthracis wild-type Ames strain, from a derivative of the Ames strain cured of plasmid pXO2(-), and from a previously isolated pXO1(-), pXO2(-) doubly cured strain, B. anthracis UM23Cl2. The protein profiles of SDS-PAGE-separated exosporium extracts were similar for all three. This suggests that avirulent variants lacking either or both plasmids are realistic models for studying the exosporium from spores of B. anthracis. A number of loosely adsorbed proteins were identified from amino acid sequences determined by either nanospray-MS/MS or N-terminal sequencing. Salt and detergent washing of the exosporium fragments removed these and revealed proteins that are likely to represent structural/integral exosporium proteins. Seven proteins were identified in washed exosporium: alanine racemase, inosine hydrolase, ExsF, CotY, ExsY, CotB and a novel protein, named ExsK. CotY, ExsY and CotB are homologues of Bacillus subtilis outer spore coat proteins, but ExsF and ExsK are specific to B. anthracis and other members of the Bacillus cereus group. C1 Def Sci Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Univ Sheffield, Krebs Inst, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Redmond, C (reprint author), Def Sci Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. EM credmond@dstl.gov.uk OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 31 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD FEB PY 2004 VL 150 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1099/mic.0.26681-0 PN 2 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 772KQ UT WOS:000188841500013 PM 14766913 ER PT J AU Shi, JJ Chang, SW Holt, TR Hogan, TF Westphal, DL AF Shi, JJ Chang, SW Holt, TR Hogan, TF Westphal, DL TI A meteorological reanalysis for the 1991 Gulf War SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NMCS REGIONAL-ANALYSIS; FORECAST SYSTEM; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MESOSCALE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ARABIAN DESERT; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; DATABASE AB In support of the Department of Defense's Gulf War Illness study, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has performed global and mesoscale meteorological reanalyses to provide a quantitative atmospheric characterization of the Persian Gulf region during the period between 15 January and 15 March 1991. This paper presents a description of the mid- to late-winter synoptic conditions, mean statistical scores, and near-surface mean conditions of the Gulf War theater drawn from the 2-month reanalysis. The reanalysis is conducted with the U. S. Navy's operational global and mesoscale analysis and prediction systems: the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS*). The synoptic conditions for the 2-month period can be characterized as fairly typical for the northeast monsoon season, with only one significant precipitation event affecting the Persian Gulf region. A comparison of error statistics to those from other mesoscale models with similar resolution covering complex terrains ( though in different geographic locations) is performed. Results indicate similar if not smaller error statistics for the current study even though this 2-month reanalysis is conducted in an extremely data-sparse area, lending credence to the reanalysis dataset. The mean near-surface conditions indicate that variability in the wind and temperature fields arises mainly because of the differential diurnal processes in the region characterized by complex surface characteristics and terrain height. The surface wind over lower elevation, interior, land regions is mostly light and variable, especially in the nocturnal surface layer. The strong signature of diurnal variation of sea - land as well as lake - land circulation is apparent, with convergence over the water during the night and divergence during the day. Likewise, the boundary layer is thus strongly modulated by the diurnal cycle near the surface. The low mean PBL height and light mean winds combine to yield very low ventilation efficiency over the Saudi and Iraqi plains. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Holt, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7533,7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM holt@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 623 EP 640 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0623:AMRFTG>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900013 ER PT J AU Lucas, TW Turkes, T AF Lucas, TW Turkes, T TI Fitting Lanchester equations to the battles of Kursk and Ardennes SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE Lanchester equations; battle of Kursk; combat models; attrition; model validation ID ATTRITION MODELS; CAMPAIGN; COMBAT; LAW AB Lanchester equations and their extensions are widely used to calculate attrition in models of warfare. This paper examines how Lanchester models fit detailed daily data on the battles of Kursk and Ardennes. The data on Kursk, often called the greatest tank battle in history, was only recently made available. A new approach is used to find the optimal parameter values and gain an understanding of how well various parameter combinations explain the battles. It turns out that a variety of Lanchester models fit the data about as well. This explains why previous studies on Ardennes, using different minimization techniques and data formulations, have found disparate optimal fits. We also find that none of the basic Lanchester laws (i.e., square, linear, and logarithmic) fit the data particularly well or consistently perform better than the others. This means that it does not matter which of these laws you use, for with the right coefficients you will get about the same result. Furthermore, no constant attrition coefficient Lanchester law fits very well. The failure to find a good-fitting Lanchester model suggests that it may be beneficial to look for new ways to model highly aggregated attrition. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Turkish Army, Ankara, Turkey. RP Lucas, TW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM twlucas@nps.navy.mil NR 21 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 95 EP 116 DI 10.1002/nav.10101 PG 22 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 775VM UT WOS:000189081400006 ER PT J AU Kurfess, JD AF Kurfess, JD TI Perspectives on MeV astronomy instrumentation SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE gamma ray astrophysics; gamma ray imaging; gamma ray spectroscopy; position-sensitive detectors; Compton imaging ID HIGH-ENERGY ASTRONOMY; COMPTON TELESCOPE; OPTICS AB Although remarkable progress has been made in gamma ray astrophysics recently (witness the recent advances in understanding gamma ray bursts) many of the early scientific objectives remain unfulfilled. This is due primarily to the rather modest improvement in sensitivity (several hundred) from the pioneering balloon observations in the 1960s to the Compton Observatory and INTEGRAL missions. Important objectives related to supernovae, novae and the search for line emissions from compact objects will benefit from another factor of 100 improvement in sensitivity. Several instrumental techniques to achieving dramatic improvements will be discussed. These include advanced Compton telescopes using detectors with high spectral and spatial resolution, and concepts for Lane collectors and focusing gamma ray telescopes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurfess@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.026 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600032 ER PT J AU Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Novikova, EI Phlips, BF Strickman, MS Wulf, EA AF Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Novikova, EI Phlips, BF Strickman, MS Wulf, EA TI An advanced Compton telescope based on thick, position-sensitive solid-state detectors SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE gamma-ray imaging; gamma-ray spectroscopy; position-sensitive solid-state detectors; Compton imaging ID GERMANIUM STRIP DETECTOR AB The development of high-resolution, position-sensitive solid-state detectors enablesy-ray instruments with improved sensitivity and imaging capabilities. For gamma-ray astronomy, an improvement in sensitivity of 20-50 over previous missions is anticipated with the Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) mission. The gamma-ray astrophysics group at NRL has been developing germanium strip detectors for several years. We have shown that 3D locations for gamma-ray interactions can be determined with mm accuracy, and have also demonstrated imaging capability within a single germanium strip detector and in detector arrays. Based on the realization that three Compton interactions would enable the energy and direction cone of the incident gamma-ray to be determined, even when the total incident gamma-ray energy is not deposited in the detector, we have also initiated work on thick silicon strip detectors. We are investigating the use of both thick Si(Li) and thick intrinsic silicon detectors. Progress on this work, including initial tests of the multiple-Compton imaging technique, is presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurfess@nri.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.050 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600052 ER PT J AU Du, YZ Chang, CI Thouin, PD AF Du, YZ Chang, CI Thouin, PD TI Unsupervised approach to color video thresholding SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE color thresholding; entropy thresholding; Otsu's method; RGB color thresholding; relative entropy thresholding ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION AB Thresholding of video images is a great challenge because of their low spatial resolution and complex background. We investigate the issue of thresholding these images by reducing the number of colors to improve automated text detection and recognition. We develop an unsupervised approach to video images, which can be considered as an RGB color thresholding method. It applies a gray-level thresholding method to a video image in the (R, G, B) color space to produce a single threshold value for each domain. The three (R, G, B)-generated values will be subsequently processed by an effective unsupervised clustering algorithm that is based on a between-class/within-class criterion suggested by Otsu's method. Since thresholding methods designed for document images may not work effectively for video images in many applications, our proposed RGB color thresholding method has shown to be particularly effective in improvement on text detection and recognition, because it can reduce the background complexity while retaining the important text character pixels. Experiments also show that thresholding video images is far more difficult than thresholding document images, and the RGB color thresholding presented performs significantly better than simple histogram-based methods, which generally do not produce satisfactory results. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Dept Def, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 43 IS 2 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1117/1.1637364 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 803MZ UT WOS:000220236500003 ER PT J AU Shahriar, MS Shen, JT Tripathi, R Kleinschmit, M Nee, TW Nee, SMF AF Shahriar, MS Shen, JT Tripathi, R Kleinschmit, M Nee, TW Nee, SMF TI Ultrafast holographic Stokesmeter for polarization imaging in real time SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MUELLER MATRIX; POLARIMETER AB We propose an ultrafast holographic Stokesmeter using a volume holographic substrate with two sets of two orthogonal gratings to identify all four Stokes parameters of the input beam. We derive the Mueller matrix of the proposed architecture and determine the constraints necessary for reconstructing the complete Stokes vector. The speed of this device is determined primarily by the channel spectral bandwidth (typically 100 GHz), corresponding to a few picoseconds. This device could be useful in high-speed polarization imaging. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Digital Opt Technol Inc, Boston, MA 02114 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Shahriar, MS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 298 EP 300 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000298 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765RZ UT WOS:000188298400024 PM 14759057 ER PT J AU Sutton, JF Stacey, M Kearns, WG Rieg, TS Young, NS Liu, JM AF Sutton, JF Stacey, M Kearns, WG Rieg, TS Young, NS Liu, JM TI Increased risk for aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in individuals lacking glutathione S-transferase genes SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE aplastic anemia; chromosomal abnormality; genotype; glutathione S-transferase; myelodysplastic syndrome ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; GSTT1; GSTM1; GENOTYPE; CANCER; DEFECT; THETA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FREQUENCIES; PREVALENCE AB Background. Aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are marrow failure states that may be associated with chromosomal instability. An absence of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme may genetically predispose individuals to AA or MDS. Procedure and Results. To test this hypothesis, we determined the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in a total of 196 patients using multiplex PCR. The GSTT1 null genotype was found to he overrepresented in Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic patients with either AA or MDS. We confirmed a difference in the expected frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasian MDS patients. The double no I I GSTM1/ GSTT1 genotype was also overrepresented in Caucasian AA and MDS patients. In our population, 26% of AA patients and 40% of MDS patients had a chromosomal abnormality identified by karyotype or FISH analyses for chromosomes 7 and 8. Patients with AA and the GSTT1 null genotype had an increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities (P = 0.003). Conclusion. There seems to be an increased risk for AA and MDS in individuals lacking GSTT1 or both GSTM1/GSTT1. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 NHLBI, Hematol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Liu, JM (reprint author), CUNY, Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1079, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM Johnson.Liu@mssm.edu OI Stacey, Michael/0000-0002-3807-6233 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1545-5009 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1002/pbc.10479 PG 5 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 906YV UT WOS:000227682000002 PM 14752874 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Shah, PB Freitas, JA Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Gerardi, GJ AF Jones, KA Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Shah, PB Freitas, JA Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Gerardi, GJ TI Electrical, CL, EPR and RBS study of annealed SiC implanted with Al or Al and C SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems CY SEP 15-17, 2003 CL Lecce, ITALY ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; 4H SILICON-CARBIDE; ION-IMPLANTATION; DEFECT CENTERS; BOUND EXCITON; ALUMINUM; 6H; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; SIC(0001) AB Lightly n-doped, 4H-SiC films implanted with 10(20) cm(-3) Al or co-implanted with 10(20) cm(-3) Al and 10(20) cm(-3) C were examined in the unannealed state or annealed at 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600 or 1650 C after they had been coated with an AlN cap. For a given annealing temperature, TA, the sheet resistance, R-sh, is smaller in the co-implanted samples at the lower T-A's, but not at the higher ones because the C catalyzes the chemical reactions for the incorporation of Al into a Si site, and at the higher TA's the activation energies for these reactions no longer control the reaction kinetics. The CL peak created by a free electron recombining with a hole bound to an Al acceptor decreases in intensity as TA increases because the Al acceptors can be trapped by the deep donors related to the D, defect that increase in number as TA increases. However, the process must be more complicated because the temperature dependence of Rsh implies that the activation energy for conduction is much less than that of the 0.35 eV hole trap. The excellent temperature stability of the D-I defect suggests it is likely to be associated with defects that nucleate and grow such as dislocation loops and/or stacking faults. This is consistent with decreased ion beam channeling at the higher TA's, and the small anisotropy of the EPR peak associated with implant damage. The higher energy peak in the D, doublet increases in intensity relative to the lower energy peak as TA increases, and for the same TA the relative intensity of the higher energy peak is larger in the co-implanted samples. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. William Paterson Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kajones@arl.army.mil NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 201 IS 3 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.1002/pssa/200306704 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 801FK UT WOS:000220081600018 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Zope, RR Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Zope, RR Pederson, MR TI Molecular structures and vibrations of neutral and anionic CuOx (x=1-3,6) clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COPPER ATOMS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; 1ST PRINCIPLES; SPECTRUM; OCUO; APPROXIMATION; INTENSITIES; SIMULATIONS; DIOXYGEN AB We report equilibrium geometric structures of CuO2, CuO3, CuO6, and CuO6-1 clusters obtained by an all-electron linear combination of atomic orbitals scheme within the density-functional theory with generalized gradient approximation to describe the exchange-correlation effects. The vibrational stability of all clusters is examined on the basis of the vibrational frequencies. A structure with C-s symmetry is found to be the lowest-energy structure for CuO2, while a Y-shaped structure with C-2v symmetry is the most stable structure for CuO3. For the larger CuO6 and CuO6-1 clusters, several competitive structures exist with structures containing ozonide units being higher in energy than those with O-2 units. The infrared and Raman spectra are calculated for the stable optimal geometries. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baruah, T (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM baruah@dave.nrl.navy.mil; rzope@scs.gmu.edu; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 023201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.023201 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300079 ER PT J AU Behar, E Jacobs, VL Oreg, J Bar-Shalom, A Haan, SL AF Behar, E Jacobs, VL Oreg, J Bar-Shalom, A Haan, SL TI Effects of quantum interference between radiative and dielectronic recombination on photorecombination cross-section profiles for the He-like ions Ar16+ and Fe24+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CHARGED URANIUM IONS; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; SATELLITE SPECTRA; RESONANCE; CHANNELS AB Total cross sections for electron-ion photorecombination (PR) processes are calculated using a projection-operator and resolvent-operator approach. This approach provides a unified quantum-mechanical description of the combined electron-ion PR process, including radiative and dielectronic recombination as coherent, interfering components. An especially adapted version of the Hebrew-University Lawrence-Livermore Atomic Code HULLAC is developed and employed for the calculations. In particular, PR cross sections for He-like argon and iron ions are calculated for incident-electron energies in the vicinity of the 1s2l2l(') and 1s2l3l(') doubly-excited, autoionizing levels of the Li-like ions. Significant effects of quantum interference between radiative and dielectronic recombination, in the form of asymmetric PR cross-section profiles, are predicted, especially for weak transitions. The general behavior of the interference effect, as a function of the ion charge q and as a function of the principal quantum number n(') of the outer electron in the autoionizing state, is investigated using a hydrogenic-scaling analysis. It is found that the degree of asymmetry in the PR cross-section profile can be substantial for close-to-neutral ions and also for very highly-charged ions. In the intermediate-charge regime, on the other hand, the asymmetry is anticipated to be less prominent. The dependence of the quantum-interference effect on n(') is predicted to be much weaker. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. Calvin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022704 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300063 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Whitney, KG AF Dasgupta, A Whitney, KG TI Z-scaled K-shell dielectronic recombination rate coefficients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SATELLITE SPECTRA; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; HYDROGENLIKE IONS AB State-specific dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients from ground states of H- and He-like Al, Ti, Ni, Kr, and Mo ions have been calculated in the isolated resonance and intermediate coupling approximation. The data generated for these calculations consists of energies of singly and doubly excited states, radiative rates, autoionization rates, and dielectronic recombination branching ratios. A Hartree-Fock method that includes relativistic corrections was employed in order to carry out the calculations. Three parameter fits to the data were then made using the Al, Ti, and Kr data to obtain scaling relations that enable one to calculate similar data for other ions by interpolation in the range between Al and Kr and somewhat beyond by extrapolation. The scaling accuracy was verified by comparing the scaling relation predictions to detailed data obtained for Ni and Mo calculations. The results obtained also compared well with other published work in which total ground state to ground state dielectronic recombination rates were calculated. The DR rate coefficients that are calculated from the scaled DR data are generally most accurate for intermediate to high-temperature collisional plasmas. However, in low-temperature photoionized plasmas, significant DR contributions come from the Deltan=0 core excitations that are not present for K-shell recombination and thus one should expect the Z scaled DR rates to be accurate for any range of temperatures of interest. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022702 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300061 ER PT J AU Chen, PC Piermarocchi, C Sham, LJ Gammon, D Steel, DG AF Chen, PC Piermarocchi, C Sham, LJ Gammon, D Steel, DG TI Theory of quantum optical control of a single spin in a quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POPULATION TRANSFER; ADIABATIC PASSAGE; RAMAN SCATTERING; COMPUTATION; CONTINUUM; EXCITON; STATES; SHIFTS; WELLS; TIME AB We present a theory of quantum optical control of an electron spin in a single semiconductor quantum dot via spin-flip Raman transitions. We show how an arbitrary spin rotation may be achieved by virtual excitation of discrete or continuum trion states. The basic physics issues of the appropriate adiabatic optical pulses in a static magnetic field to perform the single-qubit operation are addressed. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Chen, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Piermarocchi, Carlo/A-2427-2008; Chen, Pochung/G-1241-2010 OI Piermarocchi, Carlo/0000-0003-2762-8562; Chen, Pochung/0000-0002-8092-7177 NR 41 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075320 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300079 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Larson, P Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Magnetism, critical fluctuations, and susceptibility renormalization in Pd SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION; ITINERANT-ELECTRON MAGNETISM; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FERROMAGNETISM; ALLOYS; COEXISTENCE; PALLADIUM; STATE; FEAL AB Some of the most popular ways to treat quantum critical materials, that is, materials close to a magnetic instability, are based on the Landau functional. The central quantity of such approaches is the average magnitude of spin fluctuations, which is very difficult to measure experimentally or compute directly from the first principles. We calculate the parameters of the Landau functional for Pd and use these to connect the critical fluctuations beyond the local-density approximation and the band structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064429 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100057 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Andersen, OK Jepsen, O Golubov, AA Dolgov, OV Kortus, J AF Mazin, II Andersen, OK Jepsen, O Golubov, AA Dolgov, OV Kortus, J TI Comment on "First-principles calculation of the superconducting transition in MgB2 within the anisotropic Eliashberg formalism" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material AB Choi [Phys. Rev. B 66, 020513 (2002)] recently presented first-principles calculations of the electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity in MgB2, emphasizing the importance of anisotropy and anharmonicity. We point out that (1) variation of the superconducting gap inside the sigma or the pi bands can hardly be observed in real samples, and (2) taking the anisotropy of the Coulomb repulsion into account influences the size of the small gap, Delta(pi). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 8 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.056501 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700083 ER PT J AU Wu, ZG Cohen, RE Singh, DJ Gupta, R Gupta, M AF Wu, ZG Cohen, RE Singh, DJ Gupta, R Gupta, M TI Weighted-density-approximation description of rare-earth trihydrides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; EXCHANGE; YH3; HYDRIDES; FUNCTIONALS; MOLECULES; YTTRIUM; ENERGY; SOLIDS AB Density-functional calculations within the weighted density approximation (WDA) are presented for YH3 and LaH3. We investigate some commonly used pair-distribution functions G. These calculations show that within a consistent density-functional framework a substantial insulating gap can be obtained while at the same time retaining structural properties in accord with experimental data. Our WDA band structures agree with those of GW approximation very well. It shows that there is no strong correlation in H 1s states, and the absence of self-interaction in H 1s is crucial to obtain correct band structures of these rare-earth trihydrites. But the calculated band gaps are still 1.0-2.0 eV smaller than experimental findings. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, Serv Rech Met Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, Inst Sci Mat, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Wu, ZG (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Wu, Zhigang/K-2554-2014 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359; Wu, Zhigang/0000-0001-8959-2345 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085104 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100021 ER PT J AU Malanoski, AP Greanya, VA Weslowski, BT Spector, MS Selinger, JV Shashidhar, R AF Malanoski, AP Greanya, VA Weslowski, BT Spector, MS Selinger, JV Shashidhar, R TI Theory of the acoustic realignment of nematic liquid crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND AB When an ultrasonic wave is applied to a nematic liquid-crystal cell, the molecules change their orientation, leading to a change in the optical intensity transmitted through the cell. Modeling this acousto-optic effect involves three separate theoretical issues: (a) calculating the intensity of sound transmitted through the cell walls into the liquid crystal, (b) determining the consequent realignment of the liquid crystal, and (c) deriving the change in optical transmission through the cell. In this paper, we present a theory that addresses all three of these issues, and thereby reproduces the behavior seen in experiments. The theory shows how the performance depends not only on the liquid-crystal material properties, but also on the geometrical parameters of the system, such as the thickness of the glass walls, thickness of the liquid-crystal layer, angle of the ultrasonic wave, viewing angle, and boundary condition at the glass-liquid crystal interface. The theory predicts that the strong dependence on viewing angle still allows an optical image to be seen for realistic dimensions. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malanoski, AP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 021705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021705 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 803UG UT WOS:000220255400048 PM 14995467 ER PT J AU Snarski, SR AF Snarski, SR TI Flow over yawed circular cylinders: Wall pressure spectra and flow regimes SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SUBCRITICAL REYNOLDS-NUMBER; TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; INDUCED VIBRATION; FLUCTUATING LIFT; AXIAL-FLOW; FORCES; AERODYNAMICS; VORTICES; RANGE; DRAG AB The fluctuating wall pressure on a circular cylinder in cross flow has been investigated experimentally in a water tunnel to examine the effect of yaw angle on the spectral characteristics of the wall pressure field and to provide insight into the periodic and turbulent structures of the flow. Wall pressure was measured at five azimuthal positions around the periphery of the cylinder for seven yaw angles from alpha=90degrees (normal flow) to alpha=0degrees (axial flow) at three subcritical Reynolds numbers (Re-D=7200, 13 500, 27 600). As the yaw angle is varied from alpha=90degrees to 0degrees, large systematic and nonmonotonic variations in both the narrowband (periodic vortex shedding) and broadband (turbulent) spectral levels occur. The results provide additional insight into the structural characteristics of the yawed cylinder flow regimes over that which has been identified previously through measurements of mean wall forces and flow field characteristics. Significant Reynolds number effects were also observed over the range of the measurements, particularly at small yaw angles, that may indicate fundamental shifts in the structure of the wake or underlying regime transition mechanisms. Possible effects due to vortex-induced cylinder vibrations are not entirely clear but predominantly confined to the larger yaw angles. Simultaneous wall pressure, cylinder vibration, radiated acoustic pressure, and wake velocity measurements are required to appropriately isolate the various potential contributions to the wall pressure field and thus provide a clearer understanding of the underlying boundary layer separation, transitional wake, and fluid-structural coupling mechanisms. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Snarski, SR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 344 EP 359 DI 10.1063/1.1627764 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 762GM UT WOS:000187963600012 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Manheimer, WM Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP Joyce, G AF Lampe, M Manheimer, WM Fernsler, RF Slinker, SP Joyce, G TI The physical and mathematical basis of stratification in electronegative plasmas SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-ION DENSITY; DOMINATED POSITIVE-COLUMN; DISCHARGES; GASES; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; FRONTS; MODELS AB Electronegative plasmas with cold ions show discontinuous parameter dependences (e.g. the addition of an infinitesimal amount of electronegative gas to an otherwise electropositive plasma gives rise to a strongly electronegative core), and very abrupt transitions in spatial structure (e.g. from a strongly electronegative core to a weakly electronegative halo). A simple analytical model is formulated that clarifies the physical and mathematical mechanisms underlying the discontinuous nature of electronegative plasmas. Numerical solutions that support the analytical predictions are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manheime@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 AR PII S0963-0252(04)68053-4 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/13/1/003 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 803MC UT WOS:000220234200003 ER PT J AU Robinson, CS King, RL Wood, ER AF Robinson, CS King, RL Wood, ER TI Non-linear simulation of coupled rotor-fuselage response using symbolically derived equations of motion. Part 1: derivation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE non-linear simulation; coupled rotor-fuselage systems; equations of motion; helicopter rotor systems AB This paper presents a new simulation method for ground and air resonance stability analysis of helicopter rotor systems. The method presented is based on the formulation of the full non-linear equations of motion of three rigid offset blades with degrees of freedom in the flap and lead/lag and a hub that has two translational degrees of freedom for the body. The set of non-linear equations of motion is developed by the Lagrangian method using symbolic processing software for expanding the equations. In addition, the symbolic software automatically converts the equations of motion into a source code that is optimized for numerical integration. Part I of this paper addresses the derivation of the equations of motion for the rotor-body combination. Part 2 of this paper addresses the comparison of simulation output to referenced works and includes several unique applications that take advantage of the non-linear capability of the resulting simulation. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Raspet Flight Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP King, RL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Raspet Flight Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 218 IS G1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 824ZH UT WOS:000221725300001 ER PT J AU Robinson, CS King, RL Wood, ER AF Robinson, CS King, RL Wood, ER TI Non-linear simulation of coupled rotor-fuselage response using symbolically derived equations of motion. Part 2: confirmation and illustrative cases SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE non-linear simulation; coupled rotor-fuselage system; equations of motion; helicopter rotor systems; illustrative cases AB This paper presents a unique simulation method for the ground and air resonance of helicopter rotor systems; the derivation of the full non-linear equations of motion for a rotor-body combination with three rigid blades was discussed in Part 1 of this paper. This section, Part 2, addresses the confirmation of the simulation and includes several unique applications that take advantage of the non-linear capability of the resulting simulation. The symbolic processing software that performed the derivation converted the equations of motion into a high-level language. This code is then incorporated into an interactive numerical methods environment. The modelling method includes all terms, including non-linear and trigonometric functions, and produces inherently highly reliable code results from eliminating manual coding of the equations of motion. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Raspet Flight Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP King, RL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Raspet Flight Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 218 IS G1 BP 11 EP 22 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 824ZH UT WOS:000221725300002 ER PT J AU Kondrikov, BN Smirnov, SP Minakin, AV Doherty, RM AF Kondrikov, BN Smirnov, SP Minakin, AV Doherty, RM TI Chemical kinetics of the thermal decomposition of NTO SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE NTO; thermal decomposition; kinetics; manometry ID 3-NITRO-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-5-ONE AB The kinetics of thermal decomposition of 3-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in the temperature interval from 200degreesC to 260degreesC was investigated using a glass Bourdon gauge. The overall decomposition reaction includes two distinct stages: the fast first-order decomposition and the subsequent autocatalytic reaction. The importance of the first stage increases with increasing decomposition temperature and decreasing loading density of the Bourdon gauge (m/V). A period of preliminary heating, at a lower temperature, strongly influences the autocatalytic stage when the decomposition is carried out at a higher temperature. In the temperature domain 200-220degreesC, the Arrhenius constants of the decomposition reaction are found to be close to the values usually observed for nitrocompounds: E = 173 kJ/mol and log(10) k approximate to 12.5 (s(-1)). It is shown that a simple model of NTO decomposition based on an autocatalytic reaction of the m-th order can describe the course of the decomposition at high temperature but the in number appears to be excessively high, up to 4. A new model of the decomposition is developed, including an initial monomolecular reaction, decomposition of the crystalline substance, and an autocatalytic reaction of NTO dissolved in liquid decomposition products. This model gives the common order of autocatalysis, m = 1. C1 Mendeleev Univ Chem Technol, Moscow 125047, Russia. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Kondrikov, BN (reprint author), Mendeleev Univ Chem Technol, Miusskaya Sq 9, Moscow 125047, Russia. EM bkondr@rctu.ru NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1002/prep.200400027 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 802QP UT WOS:000220178300004 ER PT J AU Feresenbet, EB Dalcanale, E Dulcey, C Shenoy, DK AF Feresenbet, EB Dalcanale, E Dulcey, C Shenoy, DK TI Optical sensing of the selective interaction of aromatic vapors with cavitands SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE surface plasmon resonance; chemical sensors; cavitands; aromatic vapors ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; HOST-GUEST COMPLEXATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; GAS-PHASE; CONFIGURATIONAL ANALYSIS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL SENSORS; ORGANIC VAPORS AB Cavitands represent an important class of synthetic molecular receptors with significant potential for chemical recognition. We use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to demonstrate this fact using several organic vapors (aromatic and non-aromatic analytes) and three cavitands. The three cavitands (abbreviated QxCav-1, MeCav-2, and PzCav-3) chosen for this study, had a different size and shape of the pre-organized cavity. QxCav-1 was found to have a marked preference for the aromatic compounds while MeCav-2 showed an insignificant response towards these analytes and PzCav-3 showed intermediate preference for some of these analytes. The recognition pattern reveals the importance of the cavity size for interaction and confinement of the analytes. Based on the results, it is expected that cavitands will have great potential for application in chemical sensing devices using optical transduction schemes such as SPR. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; OI Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 97 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2003.08.016 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 770AL UT WOS:000188700800008 ER PT J AU Qidwai, MA DeGiorgi, VG AF Qidwai, MA DeGiorgi, VG TI Numerical assessment of the dynamic behavior of hybrid shape memory alloy composite SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB The phase transformation behavior in hybrid shape memory alloy (SMA) composites under moderate compressive dynamic loads is being investigated. A hybrid SMA composite is described as a morphological or compositional arrangement of an SMA, and one or more passive or active materials. In this study, the hybrid SMA composite under consideration is assumed to be obtained by filling the pores of a porous SMA matrix with a polymeric material. Finite element simulations of a split Hopkinson bar test are performed to assess the effective hybrid SMA composite behavior under compressive strain rates of similar to 10(3) s(-1). The actual mesostructure of the material is incorporated in the analyses by synthesizing statistical information from x-ray computed micro-tomography (XCMT) images and utilizing it in probabilistic algorithms to insert representative pores in finite element meshes. A parametric study based on the volume fraction of pores and epoxy material is carried out for hybrid epoxy-SMA composite and plain porous SMA, respectively, and a comparison is performed. C1 Geocenters Inc, Naval Res Lab Operat, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qidwai, MA (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Naval Res Lab Operat, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. EM qidwai@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; degiorgi@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Qidwai, Siddiq/0000-0002-2389-118X NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 134 EP 145 AR PII S0964-1726(04)71754-1 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/13/1/015 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 778RY UT WOS:000189255600015 ER PT J AU Mininni, PD Fuentes, ML Mandrini, CH Gomez, DO AF Mininni, PD Fuentes, ML Mandrini, CH Gomez, DO TI Study of bi-orthogonal modes in magnetic butterflies SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CYCLE; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; DYNAMO; FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; OSCILLATOR; SEARCH; SUN AB We present a bi-orthogonal decomposition of the temporal and latitudinal distribution of solar magnetic fields from synoptic magnetograms. Results are compared with a similar decomposition of the distribution of sunspots since 1874. We show that the butterfly diagrams can be interpreted as the result of approximately constant amplitudes and phases of two oscillations with periods close to 22 years. A clear periodicity of 7 years can also be identified in the most energetic modes of both spatio-temporal series. These results can be used to obtain relevant information concerning the physics of the solar dynamo. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Mininni, PD (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM dgomez@df.uba.ar OI Gomez, Daniel/0000-0002-4935-4358; Mininni, Pablo/0000-0001-6858-6755; Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 219 IS 2 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1023/B:SOLA.0000022948.74939.48 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 809ZK UT WOS:000220674400012 ER PT J AU Ignacio, RC Burke, R Spencer, D Bissell, C Dorsainvil, C Lucha, PA AF Ignacio, RC Burke, R Spencer, D Bissell, C Dorsainvil, C Lucha, PA TI Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy - What is the real difference? Results of a prospective randomized double-blinded trial SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE appendectomy; appendicitis; laparoscopy ID CONVENTIONAL APPENDECTOMY; MEN AB Background: The comparison of laparoscopic to open appendectomy has been reviewed in many retrospective and prospective studies. Some report shorter hospital stays, less postoperative pain, and earlier return to work while others fail to demonstrate such differences. We performed a prospective, randomized double-blinded trial to evaluate this ongoing debate. Methods: Fifty-two consecutive men presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis were randomized to undergo either laparoscopic appendectomy or open appendectomy. Length of operative times, hospital stay, lost work days, visual analog pain scores, and operative costs were compared. Results: Length of stay averaged 21.5 h for the laparoscopic group and was not statistically different when compared to the open group. Perceived postoperative pain on postoperative days I and 7 were not statistically different between the two groups. Mean time to return to work was 11 days, and there was no statistical difference between groups. Operative costs were >$600 greater for the laparoscopic approach. Conclusions: In this prospective randomized double-blinded trial, laparoscopic appendectomy appears to confer no significant advantage over open appendectomy for postoperative pain or lost work days. It does carry an increase in operating room costs and, contrary to other reports, hospital stay is not shortened. Further studies are needed to determine if specific populations, such as the obese or women, may benefit from a minimally invasive approach to appendicitis. C1 Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gen Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lucha, PA (reprint author), Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Gen Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 334 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s00464-003-8927-x PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 839ZI UT WOS:000222826400032 PM 14691696 ER PT J AU Gambarelli, G Owen, G AF Gambarelli, G Owen, G TI The coming of game theory SO THEORY AND DECISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Italian Meeting on Game Theory and Applications CY JUL 09-12, 2003 CL Urbino, ITALY DE game theory; history ID EQUILIBRIUM POINTS; BAYESIAN PLAYERS; KERNEL AB This is a brief historical note on game theory. We cover its historical roots (prior to its formal definition in 1944), and look at its development until the late 1960's. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Bergamo, Dept Math Stat Comp Sci & Applicat, I-24127 Bergamo, Italy. RP Gambarelli, G (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, Dept Math Stat Comp Sci & Applicat, Via Caniana 2, I-24127 Bergamo, Italy. EM gambarex@-unibg.it; gowen@nps.navy.mil NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-5833 J9 THEOR DECIS JI Theory Decis. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11238-004-5629-3 PG 18 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 869NY UT WOS:000224992500002 ER PT J AU Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G Del Pozo, M AF Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G Del Pozo, M TI A unified approach to the Myerson value and the position value SO THEORY AND DECISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Italian Meeting on Game Theory and Applications CY JUL 09-12, 2003 CL Urbino, ITALY DE allocation rules; Myerson value; position value; inclusion-exclusion decomposability property AB We reconsider the Myerson value and the position value for communication situations. In case the underlying game is a unanimity game, we show that each of these values can be computed using the inclusion exclusion principle. Linearity of both values permits us to calculate them without needing the dividends of the induced games (graph-restricted game and link game). The expression of these dividends is only derived in the existing literature for special communication situations. Moreover, the associated inclusion-exclusion decomposability property depends on what we have called the graph allocation rule. This rule is the relative degree (relative indicator) for the position value (Myerson value). C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Estadist & IO EU Estadist 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. RP Del Pozo, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Estadist & IO EU Estadist 3, Av Puerta Hierro S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM dagomez@estad.ucm.es; conrado@estad.ucm.es; gowen@nps.navy.mil; mpozo@estad.ucm.es RI Gomez, Daniel/G-1586-2010; Manuel, Conrado/I-1958-2015; del Pozo, Monica/I-2183-2015; Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique/L-8359-2014 OI Gomez, Daniel/0000-0001-9548-5781; NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-5833 J9 THEOR DECIS JI Theory Decis. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11238-004-5636-4 PG 14 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 869NY UT WOS:000224992500007 ER PT J AU MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Thornton, EB Stanton, TP AF MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Thornton, EB Stanton, TP TI Infragravity rip current pulsations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE rip current; nearshore circulation; infragravity; waves; surf zone ID NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; LONGSHORE-CURRENT; SURF ZONE; WAVES; INSTABILITIES; MODULATION; BEACHES; ENERGY; BEAT AB The origins of rip current pulsations within the infragravity frequency band (0.004-0.04 Hz) are determined from measurements made with arrays of colocated pressure and velocity sensors deployed on a beach with persistent rip current channels. The observations indicate significant energy in cross-shore infragravity velocities that varies spatially in the alongshore due to the presence of rip channels. Infragravity velocities are smaller within the rip channel than on the shore-connected shoal owing to differences in water depth. Rip current pulsations at infragravity frequencies are linked to standing infragravity motions but not to the ponding and subsequent release of water by wave group pumping. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP MacMahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC Tm, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhmacmah@nps.navy.mil; ad@dutcvmm.ct.tudelft.nl; ebthornt@nps.navy.mil; stanton@oc.nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 31 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01033 DI 10.1029/2003JC002068 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 772XM UT WOS:000188868100006 ER PT J AU Noyes, TJ Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Noyes, TJ Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Field observations of shear waves in the surf zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE shear waves; longshore currents; surf zone ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; ALONGSHORE CURRENTS; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA; INSTABILITIES; NEARSHORE; FREQUENCY; VARIANCE; BEACHES AB Alongshore propagating meanders of the mean alongshore current in the surf zone called shear waves have periods of a few minutes and wavelengths of a few hundred meters. Here shear wave properties are estimated with arrays of current meters deployed for 4 months within 300 m of the shoreline of a sandy beach. Shear wave velocity fluctuations are approximately horizontally isotropic, with root mean square values between 10 and 40% of the mean (3-hour-averaged) alongshore current V. Cross-shore variations of the time-averaged shear wave momentum flux are consistent with shear wave energy generation close to shore where the breaking wave-driven mean alongshore current V and current shear V-x are strong and with shear wave energy dissipation and transfer back to the mean flow farther offshore where V and V-x are weak. In case studies where V is a narrow jet near the shoreline the observed strong decay of shear wave energy levels seaward of the jet, and the cross-shore and alongshore structure of shear waves within the jet, are similar to predictions based on the linearly unstable modes of the observed V. Shear wave energy levels also are high in a marginally unstable case with a strong, but weakly sheared, V. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Noyes, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, 9500 Gilman Dr 0209, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jnoyes@coast.ucsd.edu; elgar@whoi.edu; herbers@oc.nps.navy.mil NR 26 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 31 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01031 DI 10.1029/2002JC001761 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 772XM UT WOS:000188868100004 ER PT J AU Reniers, AJHM Roelvink, JA Thornton, EB AF Reniers, AJHM Roelvink, JA Thornton, EB TI Morphodynamic modeling of an embayed beach under wave group forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE rip currents; rip channel spacing; morphodynamic coupling; sediment transport; edge and infragravity waves; directional spreading of incident waves ID LONGSHORE-CURRENT; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; RIP CURRENTS; WATER-WAVES; SAND BARS; SURF ZONE; GENERATION; COAST; VARIABILITY AB The morphodynamic response of the nearshore zone of an embayed beach induced by wave groups is examined with a numerical model. The model utilizes the nonlinear shallow water equations to phase resolve the mean and infragravity motions in combination with an advection-diffusion equation for the sediment transport. The sediment transport associated with the short-wave asymmetry is accounted for by means of a time-integrated contribution of the wave nonlinearity using stream function theory. The two-dimensional (2-D) computations consider wave group energy made up of directionally spread, short waves with a zero mean approach angle with respect to the shore normal, incident on an initially alongshore uniform barred beach. Prior to the 2-D computations, the model is calibrated with prototype flume measurements of waves, currents, and bed level changes during erosive and accretive conditions. The most prominent feature of the 2-D model computations is the development of an alongshore quasi-periodic bathymetry of shoals cut by rip channels. Without directional spreading, the smallest alongshore separation of the rip channels is obtained, and the beach response is self-organizing in nature. Introducing a small amount of directional spreading (less than 2degrees) results in a strong increase in the alongshore length scales as the beach response changes from self-organizing to being quasi-forced. A further increase in directional spreading leads again to smaller length scales. The hypothesized correlation between the observed rip spacing and wave group forced edge waves over the initially alongshore uniform bathymetry is not found. However, there is a correlation between the alongshore length scales of the wave group-induced quasi-steady flow circulations and the eventual alongshore spacing of the rip channels. This suggests that the scouring associated with the quasi-steady flow induced by the initial wave groups triggers the development of rip channels via a positive feedback mechanism in which the small scour holes start attracting more and more discharge. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. Delft Hydraul, WL, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP Reniers, AJHM (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. EM a.j.h.m.reniers@citg.tudelft.nl RI roelvink, jan adriaan/C-6940-2009 OI roelvink, jan adriaan/0000-0002-5367-0003 NR 65 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 31 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01030 DI 10.1029/2002JC001586 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 772XM UT WOS:000188868100003 ER PT J AU Vogt, PR Jung, WY AF Vogt, PR Jung, WY TI The Terceira Rift as hyper-slow, hotspot-dominated oblique spreading axis: A comparison with other slow-spreading plate boundaries SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Azores; Terceira Rift; slow spreading; triple junction; hotspot; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; rift valley ID SOUTHWEST INDIAN RIDGE; AZORES TRIPLE JUNCTION; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GRAVITY; SEGMENTATION; OCEAN; SEA; TECTONICS; EVOLUTION AB We suggest the 550 km long Terceira Rift (TR, Azores Plateau) is the world's slowest-spreading (hyper-slow, 4 mm/a plate separation; 2.3-3.8 mm/a perpendicular to oblique axial segments) organized accreting plate boundary. In its slightly sinuous (ca. 300 km radius of curvature) axial trace, its oblique spreading angles (ca. 40degrees-65degrees), and in frequency and first motions of earthquakes, the TR resembles better-known 'ultra-' or 'super-' slow spreading ridges (e.g. Gakkel and Southwest Indian ridges). Interpreted simply as volcanically 'unfilled' rift valley segments, the interisland basins (e.g. the 3200 in deep Hirondelle Basin) are slightly wider (30-60 km), but not significantly deeper (10002200 in) than the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) median valley (20-28 mm/a; 10degreesN-53degreesN). However, along-axis segmentation wavelengths (ca. 100 km) are double those along the central MAR, but make TR comparable to the 'ultra-slow' (15-16 mm/a) Southwest Indian and Gakkel (7-13 mm/a) ridges. If this segmentation wavelength reflects Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, the viscosity contrast between the overlying axial lithosphere and the partial melt zones is about an order of magnitude greater at ca. 4-16 mm/a than at 20-30 mm/a. The TR differs dramatically from ultra-slow ridges only in the large amplitude of along-strike topography (2000-4000 in; 4200 in total variation) owing perhaps to a copious melt flux from the Azores 'hotspot', combined with a spreading-rate-determined greater axial flexural strength and plate thickness, and slower export of volcanics from the rift axis. The probable TR youth (ca. I Ma?, requiring less than 4 km new oceanic crust) suggests lack of steady-state spreading conditions, which may explain the published gravity evidence against TR spreading. Absolute plate motions support the creation of the Azores Plateau by successive NE jumps of the rift axis to maintain its position over a fixed 'hotspot'. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vogt, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vogt@qur.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 218 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00627-7 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 769BM UT WOS:000188606600006 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW Bonnell, JW Pincon, JL AF Schuck, PW Bonnell, JW Pincon, JL TI Properties of lower hybrid solitary structures: A comparison between space observations, a laboratory experiment, and the cold homogeneous plasma dispersion relation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lower hybrid solitary structures; lower hybrid cavities; laboratory experiments; interferometry; density depletions; rotating wave modes ID TRANSVERSE ION-ACCELERATION; DENSITY DEPLETIONS; LARGE-AMPLITUDE; AURORAL IONOSPHERE; FREJA SATELLITE; WAVE-PACKETS; CAVITIES; EIGENMODES; STRIATION; ALTITUDES AB [1] Lower hybrid solitary structures have been observed by sounding rockets in the auroral ionosphere for over a decade and a half. Surprisingly, few laboratory experiments have attempted to reproduce this interesting phenomena. Recently, Rosenberg and Gekelman [ 2001] investigated the interaction between fluctuations near the lower hybrid resonance and field-aligned density striations using the Large Plasma Device at the University of California, Los Angeles. The laboratory measurements of electromagnetic fluctuations localized in a plasma density gradient are new and interesting. This experiment represents another in a series of laboratory investigations that use predictions of the cold homogeneous plasma dispersion to interpret observations of lower hybrid fluctuations interacting with a zero-order plasma density gradient [Bamber et al., 1994, 1995; Rosenberg and Gekelman, 1998]. This experiment is also the first attempt to directly compare laboratory phase velocity estimates with interferometric electric field measurements of lower hybrid solitary structures by the AMICIST, TOPAZ III and PHAZE II sounding rockets [Pinc, on et al., 1997; Schuck et al., 1998; Bonnell et al., 1998]. This paper compares the laboratory and space measurements and concludes that they represent completely different phenomena. Furthermore, significant discrepancies between the predictions of the cold homogeneous plasma dispersion relation and the laboratory observations are presented. We speculate that these discrepancies arise because plasma density gradients, essential to description of the laboratory experiment, are neglected in the cold homogeneous plasma dispersion relation. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. RP Schuck, PW (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schuck@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; jbonnell@ssl.berkeley.edu; jlpincon@cnrs-orleans.fr NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A1 AR A01310 DI 10.1029/2002JA009673 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 772YK UT WOS:000188870300001 ER PT J AU Scales, WA Ganguli, G AF Scales, WA Ganguli, G TI Electrodynamic structure of charged dust clouds in the earth's middle atmosphere SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSPHERE SUMMER ECHOES; HIGH-LATITUDE MESOSPHERE; SMALL-SCALE PLASMA; ELECTRIC-FIELD; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; E-REGION; PARTICLES; PMSE; ROCKET; RADAR AB Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) are two phenomena at the forefront of near-earth space science. NLCs are high-altitude clouds in the earth's mesosphere that are formed from visible aerosol particles. The occurrence rate of NLCs over time is believed to have profound implications on global climate change. NLCs are often associated with PMSEs which are strong 50 MHz-1.3 GHz radar echoes from mesospheric electron irregularities. Therefore, PMSEs may be an important remote-sensing diagnostic for the evolution of NLCs and the earth's middle atmosphere in general. The electron irregularities that produce PMSEs are generally believed to result from charging of electrons onto subvisible aerosol irregularities, the source of which is currently a debated issue. Neutral air turbulence has long been considered a primary source of the irregularities. However, there are clearly fundamental characteristics of the irregularities in past and recent observations that cannot be explained by neutral air turbulence and most probably involve plasma processes. This work considers the latter mechanism and the possibility of production of aerosol irregularities in the boundary region between the charged aerosol layer and the background mesospheric plasma. First a model for investigating the electrodynamics of this boundary layer is described. This model indicates that plasma flows are expected to exist in the electrodynamic equilibrium. An initial assessment of the possible role of these plasma flows in producing irregularities that may ultimately result in PMSEs is provided. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scales, WA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wscales@vt.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 12 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/012 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 771CB UT WOS:000188767000006 ER PT J AU Leonhardt, D Muratore, C Walton, SG Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Leonhardt, D Muratore, C Walton, SG Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI Generation of electron-beam produced plasmas and applications to surface modification SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English Estonian DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE large area plasmas; plasma processing; electron-beam ionization; materials processing ID PROCESSING SYSTEM; LANGMUIR PROBE AB NRL has developed a number of hollow cathodes to generate sheets of electrons culminating in a 'Large Area Plasma Processing System' (LAPPS) based on the, electron-beam ionization process. Beam ionization is fairly independent of gas composition and produces low temperature plasma electrons (<0.5 eV in molecular gases) in high densities (10(9)-10(12) cm(-3)). The present system consists of a pulsed planar plasma distribution generated by a magnetically collimated sheet of 2 kV electrons (<1 mA/cm(2)) injected into a neutral background of processing gases (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride, argon). Operating pressures range from 2-13 Pa with 150-165 Gauss magnetic fields for a highly localized plasma density of similar to10(11) cm(-3). This plasma source demonstrated anisotropic removal rates of polymeric (photoresist) material and silicon with 0, and Ar/O-2/SF6 mixtures, respectively In pure nitrogen, this same source showed a surface nitriding rate of similar to1 mum/h of plasma exposure time on austenitic stainless steel at 400 T. Time-resolved in situ plasma diagnostics (Langmuir probes and mass spectrometry) of these pulsed plasmas are also shown to illustrate the general plasma characteristics. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonhardt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM darrin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 30 PY 2004 VL 177 BP 682 EP 687 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.08.007 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 775JZ UT WOS:000189038100103 ER PT J AU Ding, K Flippen-Anderson, J Deschamps, JR Wang, SM AF Ding, K Flippen-Anderson, J Deschamps, JR Wang, SM TI An efficient synthesis of optically pure (S)-2-functionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tetrahydroquinoline; synthesis; copper; swern oxidation; optically pure ID NMDA RECEPTOR; DERIVATIVES; SITE; ACID AB Using a copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of amino acid and aryl halide, followed by intramolecular cyclization of N-aryl-1-hydroxyl-3-propylamines under the Swern's condition as the key steps, (S)-2-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline was synthesized as an example of optically pure 2-functionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Med Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shaomeng@umich.edu RI Ding, Ke/B-3257-2010; OI ding, ke/0000-0001-8167-0476; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Ding, Ke/0000-0001-9016-812X NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.086 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 766MP UT WOS:000188380400032 ER PT J AU Resio, DT Long, CE Vincent, CL AF Resio, DT Long, CE Vincent, CL TI Equilibrium-range constant in wind-generated wave spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE waves; ocean waves; wave spectra; nonlinear waves; air-sea interactions; equilibrium range ID GRAVITY-WAVES; SURFACE-WAVES; DEPTH; EVOLUTION; WATER AB The equilibrium range in wind-driven wave spectra is characterized to have an f(-4) form in deep water (k(-5/2) shallow-water form). Absolute energy levels for six physically diverse sites are shown to be well fit by an expression involving the wind speed measured at a fraction of a wavelength above the sea surface in combination with the phase speed of the spectral peak. Observed energy levels suggest that nonlinear wave-wave interactions are capable of maintaining the observed energy-flux balance in the equilibrium range. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Off Naval Res, Coastal Dynam Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Resio, DT (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM donald.t.resio@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01018 DI 10.1029/2003JC001788 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 769WL UT WOS:000188672700001 ER PT J AU Sojka, JJ Eccles, JV Schunk, RW McDonald, S Thonnard, S Dymond, K McCoy, RP AF Sojka, JJ Eccles, JV Schunk, RW McDonald, S Thonnard, S Dymond, K McCoy, RP TI Ionospheric assimilation techniques for ARGOS Low-Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (LORAAS) tomographically reconstructed equatorial electron density profiles SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; data assimilation; airglow; modeling ID MODEL; SATELLITE; MIDDLE AB The LORAAS instrument aboard the ARGOS satellite observes line-of-sight ultraviolet limb intensities from ionosphere and thermosphere airglow. This study uses tomographically reconstructed electron density profiles (EDPs) from the nightside emissions. The ionospheric reconstruction is performed using a two-dimensional O(+)1356Angstrom radiative recombination forward model and discrete inverse theory. The forward model assumes a Chapman layer for the vertical electron density distribution from which h(m)F(2), NmF2, and topside scale height are derived for every 90 s limb scan, which is equivalent to 5degrees resolution in latitude. Since ARGOS is in a near Sun-synchronous orbit, these EDPs form a latitude slice through the equatorial anomaly structures at approximately 0230 LT. These data reflect ongoing ionospheric processes, and it is necessary to assimilate or compare with a model that contains appropriate ionospheric evolution such as the ionospheric forecast model (IFM). This study addresses the reasonableness of both the reconstructed EDPs and the IFM in describing the equatorial anomalies' diurnal and weather variability. The comparison of the LORASS EDPs with those of IFM for October 2000 show that the EDP reconstruction results compare favorably to the IFM EDPs in peak height and topside scale height. Additionally, the sector-to-sector climatology of the observed and modeled equatorial anomalies is similar to within the resolution of the instrument and model. The variability observed in each pass of the satellite is much larger than the IFM variability. The LORASS observation variability indicates that careful assessment of the representation error of the observations should be addressed through supplemental observations. C1 Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT 84332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sojka, JJ (reprint author), Space Environm Corp, 221 N Spring Creek Pkwy,Suite A, Providence, UT 84332 USA. EM vince.eccles@spacenv.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S07 DI 10.1029/2002RS002811 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 769XA UT WOS:000188674000001 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Widing, KG AF Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Widing, KG TI Extreme-ultraviolet emission lines of S x in solar flare and active region spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : activity; Sun : flares; ultraviolet : general ID EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; EUV ROCKET TELESCOPE; ATOMIC DATA; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; SPECTROGRAPH SERTS; XUV OBSERVATIONS; COMPACT FLARE; C-IV AB R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates in N-like S x are used to derive theoretical emission-line intensity ratios involving 2s(2)2p(3)-2s2p(4) transitions in the 189-265 Angstrom wavelength range. A comparison of these with observational data for solar flares and active regions, obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's S082A spectrograph on board Skylab and the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph, reveals that many of the S x lines in the spectra are badly blended with emission features from other species. However, the intensity ratios I(228.70 Angstrom)/I(264.24 Angstrom) and I(228.70 Angstrom)/I(259.49 Angstrom) are found to provide useful electron density diagnostics for flares, although the latter cannot be employed for active regions, because of blending of the 259.49 Angstrom line with an unidentified transition in these solar features. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM f.keenan@qub.ac.uk; a.katsiyannis@qub.ac.uk; kwiding@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Katsiyannis, Thanassis/L-8496-2013 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 601 IS 1 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1086/380305 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NX UT WOS:000188657600049 ER PT J AU Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Goss, WM Duric, N AF Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Goss, WM Duric, N TI Detection of Sagittarius A* at 330 MHz with the very large array SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; Galaxy : nucleus ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER; IONIZED-GAS; SGR-A; RADIO; RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM; COMPLEX; MODEL; ARC AB We report the detection of Sgr A*, the radio source associated with our Galaxy's central massive black hole, at 330 MHz with the Very Large Array. Implications for the spectrum and emission processes of Sgr A* are discussed and several hypothetical geometries of the central region are considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Nord, ME (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.nord@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; mgoss@nrao.edu; duric@tesla.phys.unm.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 601 IS 1 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/381885 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NZ UT WOS:000188657800014 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ TI Quantitative characterization of DNA films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MEAN FREE PATHS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ENERGY CALIBRATION; NORMAL-ALKANETHIOLS; SURFACE SCIENCE; SOLID-SURFACES; GOLD SURFACES AB We describe the use of self-assembled films of thiolated (dT)(25) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold as a model system for quantitative characterization of DNA films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We evaluate the applicability of a uniform and homogeneous overlayer-substrate model for data analysis, examine model parameters used to describe DNA films (e.g., density and electron attenuation length), and validate the results. The model is used to obtain quantitative composition and coverage information as a function of immobilization time. We find that when the electron attenuation effects are properly included in the XPS data analysis, excellent agreement is obtained with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements for relative values of the DNA coverage, and the calculated absolute coverage is consistent with a previous radiolabeling study. Based on the effectiveness of the analysis procedure for model (dT)25 ssDNA films, it should be generally valid for direct quantitative comparison of DNA films prepared under widely varying conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 65 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 20 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1021/la034944o PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 764RV UT WOS:000188220600025 PM 15743088 ER PT J AU Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD AF Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Myers, MC Giuliani, JL Sethian, JD TI Electra: Repetitively pulsed, 500 J, 100 ns, KrF oscillator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LASER-AMPLIFIER; RATE CONSTANTS; BEAM; PERFORMANCE; ENERGY; ULTRAVIOLET; SYSTEM; FUSION AB Electra is a repetitively pulsed, double-sided, electron-beam pumped krypton fluoride laser. Electra has recently operated as an oscillator with an output pulse of 510 J, with 100 ns pulse duration for single shots. At a 1 Hz repetition rate for a ten-shot burst, the laser output averaged 500 J per shot. The dependence of the laser energy on the partial pressures of Kr, Ar, and F-2 were examined. Over a 10 to 30 psi total pressure range, the laser output energy decreases with decreasing argon concentration. Specifically, the laser output drops slightly as the argon concentration reduces from 60% to 40%, and then drops more noticeably as it is reduced to 0%. For the 60% Ar case, the optimal fluorine concentration is 0.25%, with a significant falloff in the laser energy from 0.25% to 0.1% and a gradual falloff from 0.25% to 0.7% fluorine. The present burst results indicate that the KrF kinetics is not very sensitive to the gas temperature at a total pressure of 20 psi. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wolford, MF (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. EM wolford@this.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 3 BP 326 EP 328 DI 10.1063/1.1641513 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 763RM UT WOS:000188114300006 ER PT J AU Minschwaner, K Bishop, J Budzien, SA Dymond, KF Siskind, DE Stevens, MH McCoy, RP AF Minschwaner, K Bishop, J Budzien, SA Dymond, KF Siskind, DE Stevens, MH McCoy, RP TI Middle and upper thermospheric odd nitrogen: 2. Measurements of nitric oxide from Ionospheric Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Chemistry (ISAAC) satellite observations of NO gamma band emission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; thermosphere; ISAAC; NRLMSISE; solar soft X rays ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; HERZBERG-I BANDS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ROCKET MEASUREMENT; MODEL; MESOSPHERE; IRRADIANCE; RESOLUTION; NIGHTGLOW; SPECTRUM AB Ultraviolet dayglow observed using the Ionospheric Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Chemistry (ISAAC) satellite instrument is used to determine the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the upper mesosphere and thermosphere. ISAAC was launched in February 1999 on board the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS). We focus on ISAAC dayside limb observations at tangent altitudes between 80 and 200 km and over the latitude range 40degreesN-70degreesS. The data analyzed here were obtained in November and December 1999 during a period of moderate to high solar activity. The NO density retrievals include constraints on instrument sensitivity, in-flight assessments of stray light, and determinations of Rayleigh-scattered background contributions. Residual spectra contain strong dayglow signatures of the NO g bands which are used for inversion of measured radiances to absolute NO concentrations. Comparison between ISAAC measurements and photochemical calculations indicates improved agreement above 130 km using O-2 and temperatures from the new NRLMSISE-00, as compared to the MS model. In the lower thermosphere, observed daily variations in low-latitude nitric oxide are strongly correlated with variations in the solar soft X-ray flux. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM krm@kestrel.nmt.edu; jbishop@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; sab@tip.nrl.navy.mil; kenneth.dymond@nrl.navy.mil; siskind@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; stevens@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; mccoy@tip.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A1 AR A01304 DI 10.1029/2003JA009941 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 765WX UT WOS:000188308300002 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Picone, JM Stevens, MH Minschwaner, K AF Siskind, DE Picone, JM Stevens, MH Minschwaner, K TI Middle and upper thermospheric odd nitrogen: 1. A new analysis of rocket data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; thermosphere; UV spectroscopy; molecular oxygen; atomic nitrogen ID SOLAR-CYCLE VARIATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; GAMMA-BAND; TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; ULTRAVIOLET DAYGLOW; SELF-ABSORPTION; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; KINETICS AB We evaluate the NRLMSISE-00 model for calculations of odd nitrogen (NO, N(S-4)) in the middle to upper thermosphere (z = 140-250 km). NRLMSISE-00 incorporates new data on O-2 that improves the agreement between odd nitrogen models and data significantly. In particular, the photochemical calculation that uses NRLMSISE-00 predicts a NO solar cycle variation that is significantly less than previous calculations and that agrees well with the NO observations. This agreement is consistent with the inference from FUV solar occultation data that the O-2 abundance above 140 km varies weakly with solar activity and that the O-2 vertical profile at solar maximum is sensitive to other factors besides molecular diffusion. Residual discrepancies remain with the comparison of calculated to observed N(S-4), which may be due to a combination of theoretical deficiencies and uncertainties in the observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM siskind@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; picone@nrl.navy.mil; stevens@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; krm@kestrel.nmt.edu NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A1 AR A01303 DI 10.1029/2003JA009943 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 765WX UT WOS:000188308300003 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Rasooly, A Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Rasooly, A Taitt, CR Ligler, FS TI Detection of Campylobacter and Shigella species in food samples using an array biosensor SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROINVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID DETECTION; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; POULTRY SAMPLES; PCR ASSAY; JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION AB Campylobacter and Shigella bacteria are common causes of food- and water-borne illness worldwide. There is a current need in food, medical, environmental, and military markets for a rapid and user-friendly method of detecting such pathogens. The array biosensor developed at the NRL encompasses these qualities. In this study, 25-min, sandwich immunoassays were developed for the detection of Campylobacter and Shigella species in both buffer and a variety of food and beverage samples. The limit of detection for Shigella dysenteriae in buffer and chicken carcass wash was 4.9 x 10(4) cfu mL(-1), whereas Campylobacter jejuni could be measured at concentrations as low as 9.7 x 10(2) cfu mL(-1). The limits of detection and dynamic range were found to vary depending on the sample matrix, but could be improved by running the sample over the waveguide surface for longer periods of time. Samples were run with no preconcentration or enrichment steps and little-to-no sample pretreatment prior to analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 2 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1021/ac035122z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 764GJ UT WOS:000188198800027 PM 14719894 ER PT J AU West, KA Linnoila, IR Belinsky, SA Harris, CC Dennis, PA AF West, KA Linnoila, IR Belinsky, SA Harris, CC Dennis, PA TI Tobacco carcinogen-induced cellular transformation increases activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 '-Kinase/Akt pathway in vitro and in vivo SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; 3-KINASE/AKT PATHWAY; AKT; SURVIVAL; CANCER; PHOSPHORYLATION; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS AB The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway during tobacco carcinogen-induced transformation is unknown. To address this question, we evaluated this pathway in isogenic immortalized or tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, as well as in progressive murine lung lesions induced by a tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Compared with immortalized cells, tumorigenic cells had greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhanced survival, and increased apoptosis in response to inhibition of the pathway. In vivo, increased activation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was observed with increased phenotypic progression. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that maintenance of Akt activity is necessary for survival of preneoplastic as well as transformed lung epithelial cells and suggest that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway might be a useful approach to arrest lung tumorigenesis. C1 NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Canc Therapeut Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Cell & Canc Biol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Human Carcinogenesis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Oncol, Bldg 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 24 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 446 EP 451 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3241 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 766WX UT WOS:000188399300003 PM 14744754 ER PT J AU Tsiper, EV Burke, K AF Tsiper, EV Burke, K TI Rules for minimal atomic multipole expansion of molecular fields SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; POPULATION ANALYSIS; CHARGES; POLARIZATION; MECHANICS; DENSITY; MODEL; FORMAMIDE AB A nonempirical minimal atomic multipole expansion (MAME) defines atomic charges or higher multipoles that reproduce electrostatic potential outside molecules. MAME eliminates problems associated with redundancy and with statistical sampling, and produces atomic multipoles in line with chemical intuition. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Tsiper, EV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM tsiper@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI burke, kieron/P-9201-2014 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1153 EP 1156 DI 10.1063/1.1640995 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 763JE UT WOS:000188081000003 PM 15268235 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Marocchi, V Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Talley, D Thielen, P Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Miller, JK Tolk, NH Piston, DW AF Cricenti, A Marocchi, V Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Talley, D Thielen, P Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Miller, JK Tolk, NH Piston, DW TI Optical nanospectroscopy study of ion-implanted silicon and biological growth medium SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International School and Symposium onSynchrotron Radiation in Natural Science CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL USTRON JASZOWIEC, POLAND SP Polish Synchrotron Radiat Soc, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Crystallog, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, European Commiss Res Directorate Gen, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, JUMIS Co, State Comm Sci Res, Univ Silesia DE nanostructures; scanning near-field optical microscopy; internal photoemission; reflectivity ID PHOTOEMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR AB The advent of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has augmented at the microscopic level the usefulness of IR spectroscopy. Two-dimensional imaging of chemical constituents makes this a very attractive and powerful new approach. In this paper we present SNOM results on boron-doped silicon and on biological growth medium by means of shear-force, reflectivity and photocurrent measurements. Such experiments allowed us to identify boron clusters embedded in silicon and the distribution of growth medium constituents with a lateral resolution well below the diffraction limit. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Stuttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), Ist Stuttura Mat, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 362 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00557-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 757HP UT WOS:000187557200005 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Trammell, SA Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM AF Medintz, IL Trammell, SA Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM TI Reversible modulation of quantum dot photoluminescence using a protein-bound photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BIOMATERIALS; FRET C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mol Probes Inc, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 181 Z9 187 U1 6 U2 69 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 DI 10.1021/ja037970h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761ZM UT WOS:000187945400015 PM 14709044 ER PT J AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mauro, JM Fisher, BR Bawendi, MG Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Mauro, JM Fisher, BR Bawendi, MG Mattoussi, H TI Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between quantum dot donors and dye-labeled protein acceptors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CDSE/CDS CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; IN-VIVO; DESIGN; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; BIOSENSORS; RECEPTOR; POLYMER; CELLS; ASSAY AB We used luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) as energy donors in fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays. Engineered maltose binding protein (MBP) appended with an oligohistidine tail and labeled with an acceptor dye (Cy3) was immobilized on the nanocrystals via a noncovalent self-assembly scheme. This configuration allowed accurate control of the donor-acceptor separation distance to a range smaller than 100 Angstrom and provided a good model system to explore FRET phenomena in QD-protein-dye conjugates. This QD-MBP conjugate presents two advantages: (1) it permits one to tune the degree of spectral overlap between donor and acceptor and (2) provides a unique configuration where a single donor can interact with several acceptors simultaneously. The FRET signal was measured for these complexes as a function of both degree of spectral overlap and fraction of dye-labeled proteins in the QD conjugate. Data showed that substantial acceptor signals were measured upon conjugate formation, indicating efficient nonradiative exciton transfer between QD donors and dye-labeled protein acceptors. FRET efficiency can be controlled either by tuning the QD photoemission or by adjusting the number of dye-labeled proteins immobilized on the QD center. Results showed a clear dependence of the efficiency on the spectral overlap between the QD donor and dye acceptor. Apparent donor-acceptor distances were determined from efficiency measurements and corresponding Forster distances, and these results agreed with QD bioconjugate dimensions extracted from structural data and core size variations among QD populations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 53 TC 872 Z9 887 U1 48 U2 494 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1021/ja037088b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761ZM UT WOS:000187945400067 PM 14709096 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Jayasundera, S Spector, MS Thomas, CW Markowitz, MA Gaber, BP AF Burleigh, MC Jayasundera, S Spector, MS Thomas, CW Markowitz, MA Gaber, BP TI A new family of copolymers: Multifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; FRAMEWORKS; TEMPLATES; SIEVES C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mam@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1021/cm034862l PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 763LU UT WOS:000188088000002 ER PT J AU Strickland, DJ Meier, RR Walterscheid, RL Craven, JD Christensen, AB Paxton, LJ Morrison, D Crowley, G AF Strickland, DJ Meier, RR Walterscheid, RL Craven, JD Christensen, AB Paxton, LJ Morrison, D Crowley, G TI Quiet-time seasonal behavior of the thermosphere seen in the far ultraviolet dayglow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; far ultraviolet; seasonal behavior; remote sensing ID IONOSPHERIC STORM; FUV DAYGLOW; SOLAR EUV; ELECTRON-IMPACT; COLUMN DENSITY; MAGNETIC STORM; CROSS-SECTIONS; UV IMAGES; MODEL; O/N-2 AB The TIMED/GUVI instrument is a far ultraviolet spectrograph that obtains images in five spectrally resolved wavelength channels. These images yield information on the dayside composition, temperature, solar EUV flux, large-scale wave structures, and auroral processes. In this paper we present an overview analysis of Earth-disk images for four seasons (March, July, and September 2002 and January 2003). Days were selected during geomagnetically quiet periods when the Sun was nearly in the orbital plane (noon orbits). Two of GUVI's five channels (designated as 135.6 and LBHS and dominated by OI 135.6 nm and short wavelength N-2 LBH band emission, respectively) are used when the instrument is in its imaging mode. These data are used to derive O/N-2 (column density ratio referenced to an N-2 column density of 10(17) cm(-2)). The AURIC model is used to generate a lookup table that relates O/N-2 to the ratio of 135.6 to LBHS for a given solar zenith angle. Global images of derived O/N-2 (designated as GUVI O/N-2) are presented for the 4 days. The initial validation of the retrieved composition ratio comes from comparison with the NRLMSIS model. Good overall qualitative agreement is obtained between GUVI and NRLMSIS. Both data and model exhibit similar latitudinal behaviors on the near-solstice days, namely a distinct gradient with O/N-2 decreasing from the winter to the summer hemisphere. Reductions in O/N-2 in the vicinity of magnetic poles are seen in both GUVI and NRLMSIS images. Globally, O/N-2 is smaller at the solstices and may be explained by the "thermospheric spoon'' mechanism discussed by Fuller-Rowell [1998]. Alternatively, the greater overall values at the equinoxes may arise in part from global response to greater Joule heating at these times of the year. The sensitivity of O/N-2 to scalings of the N-2 LBH cross section and solar EUV below 20 nm is also addressed in response to recent papers on these topics. This initial look at the GUVI data demonstrates great promise of FUV remote sensing as a way to observe thermospheric composition changes over broad geographic scales. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Phys, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM dsrick@cpi.com; meier@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; richard.walterscheid@aero.org; craven@gi.alaska.edu; andrew.b.christensen@aero.org; larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu; danny.morrison@jhuapl.edu; crowley@picard.space.swri.edu RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 34 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A1 AR A01302 DI 10.1029/2003JA010220 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 765WU UT WOS:000188308000005 ER PT J AU Kim, H Pique, A AF Kim, H Pique, A TI Transparent conducting Sb-doped SnO2 thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIN OXIDE-FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; FLUORINE; OXYGEN AB Antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb) thin films (100-480 nm thick) have been deposited by pulsed-laser deposition on glass substrates without a postdeposition anneal. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films have been investigated as a function of doping amount, substrate temperature, and oxygen partial pressure during deposition. Films were deposited at temperatures ranging from 25 to 600 degreesC in O-2 partial pressures ranging from 10 to 100 mTorr. The films (300 nm thick) deposited at 300 degreesC in 45 mTorr of oxygen show electrical resistivities as low as 9.8x10(-4) Omega cm, an average visible transmittance of 90%, a refractive index of 1.98 (at 550 nm), and an optical band gap of 4.21 eV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hskim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 218 EP 220 DI 10.1063/1.1639515 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 761PC UT WOS:000187916300020 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Feldman, U AF Doschek, GA Feldman, U TI Properties of the lower transition region: The widths of optically allowed and intersystem spectral lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID QUIET-SUN; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR LIMB; NONTHERMAL VELOCITIES; SUMER TELESCOPE; ACTIVE-REGION; ZONE LINES; HE-II; PROFILES AB The widths of spectral lines in the ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral regions that are formed in the solar transition region and corona are usually greater than the optically thin widths due to thermal Doppler broadening calculated under the assumption of ionization equilibrium. Although opacity can explain the widths of some lines, there are a host of optically thin lines for which the excess widths are attributed to nonthermal motions. Interest in these motions for coronal heating theories has led to the measurement and comparison of spectral line profiles/widths throughout the solar UV and EUV spectrum. We find that for the quiet Sun the widths of some optically allowed lower transition region lines, deduced from spectra obtained by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Ultraviolet Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, are considerably larger than predicted from simply scaling previously measured wavelengths of other lines from the same ion. For example, the O III lines of the multiplet near 834 Angstrom are considerably wider than predicted from the previously measured (from Skylab) width of the optically thin O III 1666.15 Angstrom intersystem line. The excess widths are not due to nonthermal motions, as these are already included in the width of the 1666.15 Angstrom line. In this paper, we analyze the widths of some prominent optically allowed lines and discuss possible causes for discrepancies with previous measurements of intersystem lines. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 2 BP 1061 EP 1072 DI 10.1086/379877 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 769NT UT WOS:000188657200049 ER PT J AU Hartman, JR Combariza, MY Vachet, RW AF Hartman, JR Combariza, MY Vachet, RW TI A comparison of the gas, solution, and solid state coordination environments for the Ni(II) complexes of a series of linear penta- and hexadentate aminopyridine ligands with accessible Ni(III) oxidation states SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ni(III); electrochemistry; mass spectrometry; EPR; nickel complexes ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; CHELATE RING SIZE; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; DONOR GROUPS; COBALTOUS COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PYRIDYL GROUPS; X-RAY; NICKEL(II) AB The synthesis and characterization of the nickel(II) complexes of a series of pentadentate and hexadentate aminopyridine ligands that contain ethylenediamine and/or propylenediamine groups are described. The ligands include: 1, 12-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraazadodecane, TRIEN-pyr; 1,13-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5,9,12-tetraazatridecane, DIEN-PN-pyr; 1,14-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,9,13-tetraazatetradecane, DIPN-EN-pyr; 1,15-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,10,14-tetraazapentadecane, TRIPN-pyr; 1,9-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5,8-triazanonane, DIEN-pyr; and 1,11-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,6,10-triazaundecane, DIPN-pyr. The following methods were used to determine the binding geometries of the nickel(II) complexes in the solid, solution, and gas phases: magnetic susceptibility measurements, absorption spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. All of the ligands form 6-coordinate compounds in the solid, liquid, and gas states, with the exception of the TRIEN-pyr, DIEN-PN-pyr(partially), DIPN-pyr, and DIEN-pyr ligands which form 5-coordinate species in the gas state. All of the complexes could be oxidized to Ni(III) species electrochemically.. although the Ni(III) complexes of TRIPN-pyr and DIPN-pyr were much less stable than the other four ligands. EPR spectra of the frozen solutions showed the low spin d(7) Ni(III) complexes of TRIEN-pyr and DIPN-EN-pyr to be similar to those that have been found for poly-aza macrocyclic compounds. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hartman, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM hartman@usna.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 357 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00441-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 763BU UT WOS:000188050800007 ER PT J AU Park, K Rikvold, PA Buendia, GM Novotny, MA AF Park, K Rikvold, PA Buendia, GM Novotny, MA TI Low-temperature nucleation in a kinetic Ising model with soft stochastic dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORBING MARKOV-CHAINS; MONTE-CARLO; GLAUBER DYNAMICS; FIELD; METASTABILITY; STATISTICS; INTERFACES; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; PHASE AB We study low-temperature nucleation in kinetic Ising models by analytical and simulational methods, confirming the general result for the average metastable lifetime, =Aexp(betaGamma) (beta=1/k(B)T) [E. Jordao Neves and R. H. Schonmann, Commun. Math. Phys. 137, 209 (1991)]. Contrary to common belief, we find that both A and Gamma depend significantly on the stochastic dynamic. In particular, for a "soft" dynamic, in which the effects of the interactions and the applied field factorize in the transition rates, Gamma does not simply equal the energy barrier against nucleation, as it does for the standard Glauber dynamic, which does not have this factorization property. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, ERC Ctr Computat Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. RP Park, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 1 AR 015701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.015701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 762JM UT WOS:000187968500026 PM 14754000 ER PT J AU Awad, WH Gilman, JW Nyden, M Harris, RH Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Fox, DM AF Awad, WH Gilman, JW Nyden, M Harris, RH Sutto, TE Callahan, J Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Fox, DM TI Thermal degradation studies of alkyl-imidazolium salts and their application in nanocomposites SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE imidazolium; salts; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; thermal stability; degradation ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; MONTMORILLONITE; FLAMMABILITY AB Increasing the thermal stability of organically-modified layered silicates is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites on the industrial scale. To circumvent the detrimental effect of the lower thermal stability of alkyl ammonium-treated montmorillonite, a series of alkyl-imidazolium molten salts were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA) and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS). The effect of counter ion, alkyl chain length and structural isomerism on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts was investigated. Alkyl-imidazolium-treated montmorillonite clays were prepared by ion exchange of the imidazolium salts with Na-montmorillonite. These organically-modified clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TDMS and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), and compared to the conventional quaternary alkyl ammonium montmorillonite. Results indicate that the counter ion has an effect on the thermal stability of the imidazolium salts, and that imidazolium salts with PF6-, N(SO2CF3)(2)(-) and BF4- anions are thermally more stable than the halide salts. A relationship was observed between the chain length of the alkyl group and the thermo-oxidative stability; as the chain length increased from propyl, butyl, decyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl to eicosyl, the stability decreased. The results also show that the imidazolium-treated montmorillonite has greater thermal stability compared to the imidazolium halide. Analysis of the decomposition products by FTIR provides an insight about the decomposition products which are water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8652, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 25 TC 279 Z9 285 U1 4 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 9 PY 2004 VL 409 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00334-4 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 762ME UT WOS:000187975500001 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Paluch, M AF Ngai, KL Paluch, M TI Classification of secondary relaxation in glass-formers based on dynamic properties SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SLOW BETA-PROCESS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID-STATE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; D-SORBITOL; FORMING LIQUIDS; POLY(N-BUTYL METHACRYLATE-STAT-STYRENE); POLY(CYCLOHEXYL METHACRYLATE) AB Dynamic properties, derived from dielectric relaxation spectra of glass-formers at variable temperature and pressure, are used to characterize and classify any resolved or unresolved secondary relaxation based on their different behaviors. The dynamic properties of the secondary relaxation used include: (1) the pressure and temperature dependences; (2) the separation between its relaxation time tau(beta) and the primary relaxation time tau(alpha) at any chosen tau(alpha); (3) whether tau(beta) is approximately equal to the independent (primitive) relaxation time tau(0) of the coupling model; (4) whether both tau(beta) and tau(0) have the same pressure and temperature dependences; (5) whether it is responsible for the "excess wing" of the primary relaxation observed in some glass-formers; (6) how the excess wing changes on aging, blending with another miscible glass-former, or increasing the molecular weight of the glass-former; (7) the change of temperature dependence of its dielectric strength Deltaepsilon(beta) and tau(beta) across the glass transition temperature T-g; (8) the changes of Deltaepsilon(beta) and tau(beta) with aging below T-g; (9) whether it arises in a glass-former composed of totally rigid molecules without any internal degree of freedom; (10) whether only a part of the molecule is involved; and (11) whether it tends to merge with the alpha-relaxation at temperatures above T-g. After the secondary relaxations in many glass-formers have been characterized and classified, we identify the class of secondary relaxations that bears a strong connection or correlation to the primary relaxation in all the dynamic properties. Secondary relaxations found in rigid molecular glass-formers belong to this class. The secondary relaxations in this class play the important role as a precursor or local step of the primary relaxation, and we propose that only they should be called the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, UMR 8024, Lab Dynam & Struct Mat Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paluch@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 105 TC 488 Z9 489 U1 10 U2 88 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 2 BP 857 EP 873 DI 10.1063/1.1630295 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759BN UT WOS:000187718200038 PM 15267922 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Lowy, DA Lee, Y Fang, J Wong, E Ray, RI Singh, A AF Stanish, I Lowy, DA Lee, Y Fang, J Wong, E Ray, RI Singh, A TI Structural and electrochemical characterization of immobilized polymerized electroactive vesicles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; GOLD ELECTRODES; P-BENZOQUINONE; TRANSMEMBRANE DIFFUSION; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; SOLID INTERFACES; LATEX-PARTICLES; LIPID-BILAYERS; FLOW CELL AB Immobilized polymerized electroactive vesicles (IPEVs) are biocapsules capable of storing charge in confined environments and of chemisorbing on conductive metal surfaces. Methods to immobilize stable electroactive vesicles and the means to measure their electroactivity at nanocoulomb levels are demonstrated. Charge transport between the electrode surface and the vesicle interior is tuned by adjusting the concentration of a membrane-soluble electron mediator. IPEVs serve as a model for developing biomimetic systems intended for charge storage and electron coupling applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanish, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM istanish@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 81 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1021/jp0362234 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 760MW UT WOS:000187838800020 ER PT J AU Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM Wieland, C AF Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM Wieland, C TI Quantum singularity of Levi-Civita spacetimes SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-REGULAR SPACETIMES; MECHANICS; FIELDS; TIMES AB Quantum singularities in general relativistic spacetimes are determined by the behaviour of quantum test particles. A static spacetime is quantum mechanically singular if the spatial portion of the wave operator is not essentially self-adjoint. Here Weyl's limit point-limit circle criterion is used to determine whether a wave operator is essentially self-adjoint. This test is then applied to scalar wave packets in Levi-Civita spacetimes to help elucidate the physical properties of the spacetimes in terms of their metric parameters. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Konkowski, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dak@usna.edu; T_-Helliwell@HMC.edu NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD JAN 7 PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 265 EP 272 AR PII S0264-9381(04)65886-2 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/21/1/018 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 774LY UT WOS:000188982000019 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Taitt, CR Goldman, ER Rangasammy, JG Stenger, DA AF Charles, PT Taitt, CR Goldman, ER Rangasammy, JG Stenger, DA TI Immobilization strategy and characterization of hydrogel-based thin films for interrogation of ligand binding with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in a protein microarray format SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY ARRAYS; MICROCHIPS; DNA; EXPRESSION C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 6 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 270 EP 272 DI 10.1021/la0350195 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 759UC UT WOS:000187754400047 PM 15745033 ER PT J AU Bancu, M Rai, AK Cheng, PC Gilardi, RD Scott, LT AF Bancu, M Rai, AK Cheng, PC Gilardi, RD Scott, LT TI Corannulene polysulfides: Molecular bowls with multiple arms and flaps SO SYNLETT LA English DT Article DE nucleophilic aromatic substitutions; sulfur; arenes; polycycles; supramolecular chemistry ID CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; C-60; DERIVATIVES AB Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of all the chlorine atoms in 1,3,5,7,9-pentachlorocorannulene and in decachloro-corannulene by sodium alkanethiolates gives 1,3,5,7,9- pentakis(1-alkylthio)corannulenes, C20H5(SR)(5), and decakis(1-alkylthio)corannulenes, C-20(SR)(10), respectively, with arms of varying lengths attached around the perimeter (R = n-propyl, n-hexyl, and n-dodecyl). The corresponding reaction of decachlorocorannulene with ortho-C6H4(SNa)(2) gives pentakis(1,4-benzodithiino)corannulene, a molecular bowl with 6 Angstrom flaps on all five sides. Such compounds represent attractive candidates for the formation of discotic liquid crystals and/or supramolecular complexes with fullerenes and other convex guests. C1 Boston Coll, Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USN, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scott, LT (reprint author), Boston Coll, Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM lawrence.scott@bc.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-5214 J9 SYNLETT JI Synlett PD JAN 5 PY 2004 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1055/s-2003-44965 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 762RK UT WOS:000187995800040 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Holland, KT Puleo, JA Gallagher, EL AF Plant, NG Holland, KT Puleo, JA Gallagher, EL TI Prediction skill of nearshore profile evolution models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; wave models ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL; SURF ZONE; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; SANDBAR MIGRATION; BARRED BEACHES; NATURAL BEACH; SLOPING BEACH; WAVES; TRANSFORMATION; PREDICTABILITY AB [1] The hindcast prediction skill of a beach profile evolution model has been evaluated using bathymetric observations obtained at Duck, North Carolina. The model included coupling and feedback between evolving bathymetry, wave-averaged hydrodynamics, and parameterized cross-shore sediment transport. Statistically optimum predictions were obtained by tuning free model parameters using rigorous inverse methods. When compared to persistence predictions (i.e., substitution of the initial, observed profile at all prediction times), significant prediction skill was found for prediction periods longer than 3 days and shorter than 17 days. The average skill ( defined as 1 minus the ratio of prediction to persistence error variances) for a typical 5-day prediction was 0.4, and the maximum skill was 0.8. In contrast to several previously published comparisons with field data, the present approach yielded significant predictive skill during conditions dominated by onshore sediment transport. To make significant predictions, it was necessary to vary model parameters values, which showed a dependence on wave conditions at the seaward boundary of the model domain. Finally, interpretation of the estimated parameter values and prediction skills suggests that ( 1) errors in existing hydrodynamic models contributed significantly to profile prediction error; ( 2) a transport model using only second-order statistics of hydrodynamics was as accurate as ( and sometimes more accurate than) a typically used energetics model; ( 3) existing sediment transport models contained significant errors in the formulations describing downslope and bed load transport; and ( 4) when driving models with observed flow fields, sampling limitations contribute to profile prediction error. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM nplant@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C1 AR C01006 DI 10.1029/2003JC001995 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 765LD UT WOS:000188284200005 ER PT J AU Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Twigg, ME Fatemi, M AF Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Twigg, ME Fatemi, M TI Resistivity control in unintentionally doped GaN films grown by MOCVD SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE compensation; impurities; threading dislocations; metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; semiconducting gallium nitride ID N-TYPE GAN; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; THREADING-EDGE; BUFFER LAYER; MOVPE; INTERFACE; SAPPHIRE; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The relationship of GaN resistivity to film microstructure and impurity compensation are investigated using transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and resistance measurements. Unintentionally doped GaN films grown by MOCVD at varying pressures exhibit increased grain size, reduced carbon and oxygen impurity incorporation, reduction in the density of threading dislocations (TDs) with an edge component, and reduced resistivity with increasing growth pressure. Variation in resistivity over eight orders of magnitude is observed as a result of varying the MOCVD growth pressure in a controlled experiment. Our results suggest that disclocations play an important role in the resistivity of GaN. Evidence is presented of impurities segregating at TDs having an edge component, and acting as compensating centers. The control of such compensation as a function of MOCVD growth conditions is outlined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wickenden, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 33 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 2 PY 2004 VL 260 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.024 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 759GM UT WOS:000187730000009 ER PT S AU Drusinsky, D Shing, MT AF Drusinsky, D Shing, MT GP IEEE Computer Society TI TLCharts: Armor-plating harel statecharts with temporal logic conditions SO 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, TC Design Automat AB This paper addresses the need for armor-plating Harel Statechart design specifications of real-time systems with safety requirements (which are commonly written in temporal logic) using a new visual specification language named TLCharts. TLCharts combine the visual and intuitive appeal of non-deterministic Harel Statecharts with formal specifications written in Linear-time (Metric) Temporal Logic. We demonstrate such armor-plating with a specification of the safety-critical computer assisted resuscitation algorithm (CARA) software for a casualty intravenous fluid infusion pump. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-2159-2 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2004 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2004.1311092 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BAP25 UT WOS:000223104200005 ER PT S AU Lawler, GM Young, PE AF Lawler, GM Young, PE GP IEEE Computer Society TI Approaching interoperability from the bottom up: A latfice structure for the object-oriented method for interoperability (OOMI) SO 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, TC Design Automat AB Software prototyping often incorporates existing components and systems with newly developed code in order to rapidly achieve the goals of the prototyping effort. Unfortunately, heterogeneities among component systems often make system interoperability difficult, potentially reducing the benefit of such an approach. Achieving interoperability among heterogeneous system components is necessary in order to take advantage of the benefits that the use of existing elements brings to prototype development. The predominant approach to achieving interoperability among heterogeneous components involves the development of an intermediate representation. An example is Young's Object-Oriented Method for Interoperability (OOMI), which produces a bottom-up model for the resolution of heterogeneity among component systems. We describe here how to manage the complexity of the bottom-up approach through the use of self-similar components that support scalability, and a lattice structure that limits complexity. C1 USN, Portsmouth, VA 23705 USA. RP Lawler, GM (reprint author), USN, POB 215, Portsmouth, VA 23705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-2159-2 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2004 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2004.1311108 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BAP25 UT WOS:000223104200021 ER PT S AU Michael, JB Shing, MT Mildaski, MH Babbitt, JD AF Michael, JB Shing, MT Mildaski, MH Babbitt, JD GP IEEE Computer Society TI Modeling and simulation of system-of-systems timing constraints with UML-RT and OMNeT plus SO 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS: SHORTENING THE PATH FROM SPECIFICATION TO PROTOTYPE SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, TC Design Automat AB There is a growing interest in using object-oriented analysis and design techniques in conjunction with UML to develop large complex systems. This paper presents an iterative approach for studying the timing constraints of a system-of-systems using models expressed in UML for Realtime extension (UML-RT), which are then translated into coarse-grained simulation models that are exercised using the OMNeT++ simulation engine. The integration of the UML-RT models with simulation models provides a seamless process for rapidly constructing executable prototypes for the purpose of analyzing timing constraints and deriving system requirements from those constraints. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a case study of the sensor-netting capability of a missile defense system. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-2159-2 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2004 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2004.1311118 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BAP25 UT WOS:000223104200030 ER PT B AU Farr, WH Crigler, JR Wallace, DR AF Farr, WH Crigler, JR Wallace, DR GP ieee computer society TI Updates to the Schneidewind software reliability model in SMERFS SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP IEEE Comp Soc, Reliabil Soc, IRISA, cigital, Microsoft, france telecom R&D, Thales, IBM, CNRS, DGA, INRIA, Metropole Rennes, Bretagne Reg, Univ Rennes ID FAILURE DATA AB This paper describes research performed to augment the capabilities of the Statistical Modeling and Estimation of Reliability Functions for Systems (SMERFS3) software suite. Enhancements to the Schneidewind software reliability model, which features optimal selection of failure data for predicting failure counts, were made to enable clearer interpretation of that model's results. These enhancements included the addition of risk assessment measures and modifications to the model's optimal point selection procedure. An analysis of an actual data set from a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center project that was used to validate these additions to SMERFS3 is included. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Computat Technol Div, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Farr, WH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Adv Computat Technol Div, Dahlgren Div, B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2215-7 PY 2004 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1109/ISSRE.2004.45 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ03 UT WOS:000225734400033 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI AF Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI BE Metzler, SD TI Thick silicon strip detector Compton imager SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE Compton telescope; Compton scattering; silicon detector ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; ASTRONOMY AB We present initial results obtained with double-sided, thick (2mm) silicon strip detectors used as a Compton imager. A reconstructed image of a gamma ray source and a spectrum of the gamma ray energy are produced at room temperature using the multiple Compton technique. Multiple Compton interactions allow the energy and Compton scattering angle to be reconstructed without having to absorb the energy of the incident gamma ray completely. This extends our work on multiple Compton imagers using germanium strip detectors to silicon detectors that operate at higher temperatures. The detectors are 57 x 57 mm in active area and are 2 turn thick with 64 strips per side with a pitch of 0.9 rum. The energy resolution of the detectors for 60 keV gamma rays are 34 keV at room temperature and 2.1 keV at -20degreesC. Simulations of the imager are performed in GEANT4, including Doppler broadening, and show agreement with the real data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1699 EP 1703 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000378 ER PT S AU Ampe, J Chekhtman, A Dizon, P Grove, JE Johnson, WN Leas, BE Sandora, DP Strickman, MS AF Ampe, J Chekhtman, A Dizon, P Grove, JE Johnson, WN Leas, BE Sandora, DP Strickman, MS BE Metzler, SD TI The calibration and environmental testing of the Engineering Module of GLAST CsI calorimeter SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID BEAM TEST AB GLAST is the next generation space based gamma ray telescope in the photon energy range 30 MeV - 300 GeV, planned to be launched by NASA in 2006. For photon energy measurements it will use a CsI crystal calorimeter made of 16 identical modules. The Engineering Module (EM) is the first full scale prototype built with the same technology as flight modules to verify the design and technological choices before starting calorimeter production. The module contains 96 CsI crystals, supported by carbon fiber composite structure and read out with silicon PIN photodiodes from both ends. In this paper we report the results of EM calibration using cosmic muons and charge injection during environmental tests. The EM showed stable functioning in the required temperature range from -30C to +50C during 6 months of continuous testing and with vibration amplitudes significantly higher than expected during launch. None of 96 crystals experienced mechanical or optical degradation after vibration and 7 thermal-vacuum cycles between -30C and +50C. The longitudinal position measurement using light asymmetry from two ends of each crystal provides the position resolution of similar to6-10 nun (2-3% of crystal length) for cosmic muons. The production of flight modules will start in late 2003. C1 USN, Res Lab, Praxis Inc, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ampe, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Praxis Inc, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1704 EP 1707 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000379 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI AF Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI BE Metzler, SD TI Development of a silicon gamma ray spectrometer SO 2003 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID TELESCOPE; MISSION; ENERGY AB We present the initial results obtained with double-sided silicon strip detectors used as a non-imaging gamma ray spectrometer. Silicon detectors have previously been proposed as sensors for the scatterer of a regular Compton telescope, or as sensors for a multiple scatter Compton imager where three or more interactions in the silicon are used to image and determine the energy of a gamma ray, even if all the energy is not absorbed. This work extends that concept to the case where the source location is known, as in solar physics, and where the main interest is a high-resolution spectrum. With the source location known, only two interactions are required to reconstruct a spectrum of the source. We made a proof of concept demonstration using two small silicon detectors. The detectors were 63 x 63 mm in area and 2 mm thick, with 0.9 mm orthogonal strips on both faces. A full-energy peak with an energy resolution of similar to 40 keV was obtained at 662 keV. This was in good agreement with our simulations. Using detectors with a finer strips pitch an energy resolution of 15 keV (68% containment) can be achieved at 662 keV. This is limited by the momentum distribution of the electrons in silicon. The energy resolution can be improved by kinematically selecting events, although at the cost of detector efficiency. Another unique feature of this approach is the fact that a spectrum is reconstructed with a full energy peak but without any Compton continuum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8257-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 3380 EP 3384 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2003.1352630 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAS86 UT WOS:000223398000751 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR AF Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL Grunes, MR GP ieee TI Classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images using fuzzy clustering SO 2003 IEEE WORKSHOP ON ADVANCES IN TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data held in Honor of David A Landgrebe CY OCT 27-28, 2003 CL NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr, Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE HO NASA Goddard Space Flight Visitor Ctr AB Clustering is a well known technique for classification in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. Pixels are represented as complex covariance matrices, which demand dissimilarity measures that can capture the phase relationships between the polar components of the returns. Four dissimilarity measures are compared to judge their efficacy to separate complex covariances within the fuzzy clustering process. When these four measures are used to classify a POLSAR image, the measures that are based upon the Wishart distribution outperform the standard metrics because they better represent the total information contained in the polarimetric data. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is applied to a mixture of complex Wishart distributions to classify the image. Its performance matches the FCM clustering results Yielding a tentative conclusion that the Wishart distribution model is more important than the clustering mechanism itself. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8350-8 PY 2004 BP 150 EP 156 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BAG84 UT WOS:000222142800022 ER PT B AU Ellis, RL Poynor, JC McGlasson, BT Smith, AN AF Ellis, RL Poynor, JC McGlasson, BT Smith, AN BE Fair, HD TI Influence of bore and rail geometry on an electromagnetic naval railgun system SO 2004 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Lab AB A large-scale railgun is being considered by the U.S. Navy as a future long range (> 200 nm) naval weapon system. The notional concept includes a 15 kg projectile with a 2.5 km,/sec muzzle velocity. The choice of bore and rail geometry for such a weapon can influence key aspects of the total system design. This study explored a range of bore and rail geometries and looked at their effects on key railgun system parameters such as parasitic mass, inductance gradient, linear current density, required pulse forming network (PFN) size, and barrel mass. Preliminary solid modeling and structural analysis of the integrated launch package was performed in order to quantify parasitic mass. Inductance gradient calculations were based on a current density distribution analysis. A PFN/Launcher numerical simulation model was then used to determine linear current density and PFN size. Finally, barrel mass was estimated by structural analysis based on calculated rail repulsive forces. Trends and sensitivities of the different parameters to changes in the bore and rail geometries are presented and conclusions are given. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Ellis, RL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8290-0 PY 2004 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1109/ELT.2004.1398044 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBT10 UT WOS:000227664800008 ER PT B AU Meger, RA Cooper, K Jones, H Neri, J Qadri, S Singer, IL Sprague, J Wahl, KJ AF Meger, RA Cooper, K Jones, H Neri, J Qadri, S Singer, IL Sprague, J Wahl, KJ BE Fair, HD TI Analysis of rail surfaces from a multi-shot railgun SO 2004 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Lab AB The Naval Research Laboratory has initiated a program to study the effects of high power launch on railgun barrel materials. A rail used for 20 shots on the Medium Caliber Launcher at the University of Texas at Austin Institute for Advanced Technology was analyzed using a variety of surface and bulk diagnostics. Initial results are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8290-0 PY 2004 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1109/ELT.2004.1398051 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBT10 UT WOS:000227664800015 ER PT B AU Pitman, RK Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS AF Pitman, RK Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS BE Fair, HD TI Iterative transient model for railgun electro-mechanical performance optimization SO 2004 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Lab DE railgun simulation; numerical model; system optimization AB A numerical model is described that is used as a tool for analyzing and optimizing the interaction between a rail launcher and the driving pulse power system (PPS). For given projectile and launcher characteristics, the model determines the capacitor-based PPS configuration for optimal piezometric efficiency. The model was designed to handle both breech fed and distributed energy fed railguns with several module-triggering options. The user defines the parameters for the energy-storage modules, the launcher, and the projectile, and the model iterates through a number of modules and module connection timing to achieve optimum piezometric efficiency for a target muzzle velocity. An Excel spreadsheet is used as the user interface and Visual Basic macros run to perform the time domain transient calculations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Pitman, RK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8290-0 PY 2004 BP 96 EP 99 DI 10.1109/ELT.2004.1398054 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBT10 UT WOS:000227664800018 ER PT B AU Smith, AN Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS Zielinski, AE AF Smith, AN Ellis, RL Bernardes, JS Zielinski, AE BE Fair, HD TI Thermal management and resistive rail heating of a large-scale naval electromagnetic launcher SO 2004 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 25-28, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Off Naval Res Int Field Off, USA Res Lab DE electromagnetic railgun; thermal management; resistive heating AB This paper presents a model that can be implemented to quickly estimate the resistive heating and the resulting transient temperature response. Quantifying the energy deposited in the rails and implementing an effective thermal management system will be key elements of an effective design for a large-scale electromagnetic launcher. The total current was divided between the inside, upper/lower and outside surface based on the results of a current distribution calculation. The diffusion of the magnetic field into each surface was modeled in order to determine the current distribution and the resistive heating. Cooling between shots was taken into account by solving the one dimensional transient heat diffusion equation within each surface. Repeating these calculations for a number of discrete segments down the length of the rail enabled the prediction of the total resistive rail heating and the temperature profile along the length of the rail. Experimental tests were conducted that verify the presence of localized heating in the corners of a U-shape conductor made of 7075 Aluminum. Taking into account the localized resistive heating near the surface of the conductor will become increasingly important with large-scale guns. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, AN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8290-0 PY 2004 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1109/ELT.2004.1398058 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBT10 UT WOS:000227664800022 ER PT B AU Amin, A AF Amin, A BE Yuhas, MP TI Electromechanical properties of high coupling single crystals under large electric drive and uniaxial compression SO 2004 14th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics-ISAF-04 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF-04) CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc ID POLARIZATION AB This work investigates the 33-mode electromechanical response of relaxor- ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystals when driven with large fields similar to 0.4 MV/m (rms) under a combined dc field and mechanical bias similar to those used in the design of sonar. It demonstrates that the remarkable small signal length extensional coupling (k(33) > 0.90) and other electromechanical properties of morphotropic PMN-PT single crystals prevail under large drive. The observed roll-off of k(33) at 42 MPa is analyzed within the framework of recent structural data and the high-order Devonshire theory of possible ferroelectric-ferroelectric transition trajectories. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Amin, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8410-5 PY 2004 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCB64 UT WOS:000228523000015 ER PT S AU Kaminer, II Yakimenko, OA Dobrokhodov, VN Lizarraga, MI Pascoal, AM AF Kaminer, II Yakimenko, OA Dobrokhodov, VN Lizarraga, MI Pascoal, AM GP ieee TI Cooperative control of small UAVs for naval applications SO 2004 43RD IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 14-17, 2004 CL BAHAMAS SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Honeywell, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, United Technol Res Ctr, XEROX ID TRAJECTORY TRACKING AB This paper addresses the development of a cooperative control algorithm used to launch and recover a fleet of small! UAVs from a ship. The key features of the algorithm include trajectory generation for multiple UAVs that accounts for their aerodynamic characteristics and guarantees deconfliction, particularly on final approach, and path following control for multiple UAVs to track these trajectories. The proposed control approach is sufficiently flexible to allow for multiple formation configurations and sequential landing patterns. The paper includes simulation results and ends with conclusions and recommendations for future work. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Austronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Austronaut Engn, Monterey, CA USA. OI PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-8682-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2004 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.1109/CDC.2004.1428714 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BBO61 UT WOS:000226745600105 ER PT S AU Chen, RC AF Chen, RC GP ieee TI Constrained stochastic control with probabilistic criteria and search optimization SO 2004 43RD IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 14-17, 2004 CL BAHAMAS SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Honeywell, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, United Technol Res Ctr, XEROX DE constrained stochastic control; dynamic programming; probabilistic criteria; truncated sequential detection; optimal target search ID MARKOV DECISION-PROCESSES; MOVING-TARGET; MODEL; PATH AB The dynamic programming approach is applied to both fully and partially observed constrained Markov process control problems with both probabilistic and total cost criteria that are motivated by the optimal search problem. For the fully observed case, point-wise convergence of the optimal cost function for the finite horizon problem to that of the infinite horizon problem is shown. For the partially observed case, a constrained finite horizon problem with both probabilistic and expected total cost criteria is formulated that is demonstrated to be applicable to the radar search problem. This formulation allows the explicit inclusion of certain probability of detection and probability of false alarm criteria, and consequently it allows integration of control and detection objectives. This is illustrated by formulating an optimal truncated sequential detection problem involving minimization of resources required to achieve specified levels of probability of detection and probability of false alarm. A simple example of optimal truncated sequential detection that represents the optimization of a radar detection process is given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rchen@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-8682-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2004 BP 3013 EP 3020 DI 10.1109/CDC.2004.1428926 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BBO61 UT WOS:000226745602129 ER PT S AU Kang, W Mao, ZQJ AF Kang, W Mao, ZQJ GP ieee TI An adaptive model for the control of critical dimension in photolithography process SO 2004 43RD IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 14-17, 2004 CL BAHAMAS SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Honeywell, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, United Technol Res Ctr, XEROX AB In this paper, a method of adaptive modeling is studied for the photolithography process used in semiconductor industry. Real data of critical dimension (CD) in shallow trench isolation area from an Intel flash manufacturing fab is used for model analysis. We focus on the problem of CD prediction in the presence of unpredictable drift. Multiple inputs are included in the model as interactive integral parts of the system. In addition, a feedback controller based on the adaptive model is designed to stabilize CD in the presence of unknown disturbances. Simulations are carried out based on the data from an Intel 8-inch fab of flash products. The results are generalized to systems with multiple outputs, in which both CD and focus indicator are controlled based on adaptive modeling. The simulation results prove that the designed controller is able to correct process drift automatically. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-8682-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2004 BP 4231 EP 4236 DI 10.1109/CDC.2004.1429416 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BBO61 UT WOS:000226745603147 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC GP ieee TI A model of deception during cyber-attacks on information systems SO 2004 IEEE 1ST SYMPOSIUM ON MULTI-AGENT SECURITY & SURVIVABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium on Multi-Agent Security and Survivability CY AUG 30-31, 2004 CL Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE HO Drexel Univ DE deception; information security; security and privacy protection; human communications; lying; multiagent systems; Bayesian inference; excuses AB Deception is a classic technique useful for military operations. With information systems around the world under frequent attack every day, it is appropriate to consider analogies from conventional warfare, and deception has historically been powerful as both a tactic and a strategy. We here systematically enumerate and rank the available deception options for information systems, both offensively and defensively. We then consider how defensive deceptions can be packaged within "generic excuses" that Will wore convincing to an attacker than isolated refusals to obeli, commands. We describe how, the selection of the best generic excuses and excuse application times can be formulated with probabilities as an optimization problem and solved. Our theory lends itself well to computer implementation and we provide several examples. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8799-6 PY 2004 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM53 UT WOS:000226202500003 ER PT B AU Khan, B Kleiner, DD Talmage, D AF Khan, B Kleiner, DD Talmage, D GP ieee TI The buck stops here: Trust management in multi-agent systems with accountability SO 2004 IEEE 1ST SYMPOSIUM ON MULTI-AGENT SECURITY & SURVIVABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium on Multi-Agent Security and Survivability CY AUG 30-31, 2004 CL Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE HO Drexel Univ AB Much of security in multi-agent systems is based 077 models where each agent declares limits on what other agents are permitted to receive. Traditional systems are engineered to operate without violating their agents' cumulative declared constraints [14, 16]. In contrast, here we consider a trust model that is suited for use by ensembles of closely coupled agents operating in a system supporting agent accountability using audit trails for information flows. In such systems, an agent does not require enforcement of obsolute limits on the what other agents receive, but instead seeks assurance that its personal liabilities Will never exceed its declared risk tolerance. In short; each agent expects the system to behave in a manner which respects its declared accountability constraints-quantitative limits on what the agent agrees to be held accountable for sending. This paper outlines a suite of protocols with which a multi-agent system can fit fill the cumulative accountability constraints of its constituent agents, and avoid subjecting any individual agent to greater liability than its declared risk tolerance. The protocols are shown to be efficient in a dynamic network setting, and are analyzed under a comprehensive set of failure models including link delay, link failure, and limited corruption in the control and data processing logic of agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, ITT Ind,Adv Engn & Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khan, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, ITT Ind,Adv Engn & Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8799-6 PY 2004 BP 46 EP 54 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBM53 UT WOS:000226202500006 ER PT S AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, RL GP ieee TI Synthetic aperture ladar simulations with phase screens and Fourier propagation SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The ability to simulate the effect of turbulence on the phases and amplitudes of laser beams will aid the development of a practical synthetic aperture ladar (SAL). Simulations can obtain results in areas of interest that are resistant to theoretical investigation. Modeling turbulence with phase screens and using Fourier propagation can achieve the requisite simulation accuracy in reasonable computation time. Where possible, simulation results are compared to theoretical expectations. Tutorial information on generating random phase screens in a computationally efficient and conceptually simple way from a Kolmogorov (or any other) turbulence power spectrum is provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7218, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1788 EP 1798 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367959 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000178 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A GP ieee TI Joint Subspace Detection of hyperspectral targets SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Joint Subspace Detection (JSD) arises from a Bayesian formulation of the binary detection problem, as contrasted with the "fixed but unknown parameter" approach that generates the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test. The Bayesian philosophy allows the incorporation of prior knowledge gleaned from empirical experience into the design of a detection algorithm. The knowledge appears in the form of probability distributions for parameters considered deterministic in the GLR method. An example of this principle, called Complementary Subspace Detection, has been applied to hyperspectral data and, with appropriate subspace selection, is shown to outperform the traditional detection techniques over a wide range of assumed prior knowledge of target distribution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20365 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20365 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1818 EP 1824 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367963 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000182 ER PT S AU Ainsleigh, PL Luginbuhl, TE AF Ainsleigh, PL Luginbuhl, TE GP ieee TI A family of multiple-model smoothers for signal classification SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE ID SYSTEMS AB In general, signal classification requires methods for constructing the classifier decision function from training data, as well as methods for evaluating the trained decision function for unlabeled data. When class assignments are made based on the time evolution of characteristic features, the classifier often employs a state-space tracking algorithm. And when the signal characteristics can change abruptly, multiple-model tracking algorithms are used. A pre-requisite for training such models is the ability to accurately estimate the time-varying probability distributions of the states and model assignments. This paper examines a family of multiple-model smoothers, or forward-backward algorithms, that approximate the desired posterior distributions. Simulations are used to judge the tracking capabilities of the smoothers, which provides an indication of the estimation accuracy for the resulting distributions. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ainsleigh, PL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 1993 EP 2009 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367982 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000201 ER PT S AU Silbert, M Burroughs, A AF Silbert, M Burroughs, A GP ieee TI Measuring the performance of track-to-track fusion systems SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB An effort is ongoing to develop a multi-source integration (MSI) system for the E-2C Hawkeye aircraft. The objective of this system development is to merge track information from a variety of dissimilar sources and present to the operator a useful and uncluttered real-time picture of the battlespace to support the current suite of missions being performed by the aircrew onboard the E-2C. In other words, the operator's display should have "one track for one piece of metal" and this process should be automatic and accurate. The inputs to the MSI system are tracks from several different sources that arrive at different times and with varying and sometimes unknown accuracies. Thus, the MSI system is a track-to-track fusion system. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MSI system in the E-2C operating environment we needed to develop a set of scenarios to run the MSI system against and to define a set of metrics that will quantify the performance of the MSI system with these scenarios. The metrics assume ground truth is known. This paper will focus on the development of the metrics that will eventually be used to evaluate the performance of the MSI system. One of the key and unique aspects of these metrics is that they deal with the fact that the track data given to the MSI system is often incorrect or impure. Ideally, each track should be updated with reports from exactly the same platform each time. But since the E-2C operates in environments with large numbers of platforms, it is likely that many of the tracks contain updates from more than one platform. These types of tracks are called impure source tracks. In defining our metrics, we needed to generalize them so that they could deal with both pure and impure source tracks. This paper will discuss what metrics were defined, how they are computed, and how the metrics were extended to deal with impure tracks. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Silbert, M (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 48110 Shaw Rd,Unit 5,Bldg 2187,Suite 2140-A1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2027 EP 2035 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1367985 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000204 ER PT S AU Hulme, CA Loomis, HH Ross, AA Yuan, R AF Hulme, CA Loomis, HH Ross, AA Yuan, R GP ieee TI Configurable fault-tolerant processor (CFTP) for spacecraft onboard processing SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The harsh radiation environment of space, the propensity for SEUs to perturb the operations of silicon-based electronics, the rapid development of microprocessor capabilities and hence software applications, and the high cost (dollars and time) to develop and prove a system, require flexible, reliable, low cost, rapidly developed system solutions. A reconfigurable Triple-Modular-Redundant (TMR) System-on-a-Chip (SOC) utilizing FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provides a practical solution for space-based systems. The Configurable Fault-Tolerant Processor (CFTP) is such a system, designed specifically for the purpose of testing and evaluating, on orbit, both the reliability of instantiated TMR soft-core microprocessors, the ability to reconfigure the system to support any onboard processor function, and the means for detecting and correcting SEU-induced configuration faults. The CFTP utilizes Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technology to investigate a low-cost, flexible alternative to processor hardware architecture, with a Total-lonizing-Dose (TID) tolerant FPGA as the basis for a SOC. The flexibility of a configurable processor, based on FPGA technology, will enable on-orbit upgrades, reconfigurations, and modifications to the soft-core architecture in order to support dynamic mission requirements. Single Event Upsets (SEU) to the data stored in the FPGA-based soft-core processors are detected and corrected by the TMR architecture. SEUs affecting the FPGA configuration itself are corrected by background "scrubbing" of the configuration. The CFTP payload consists of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of 5.3 inches x 7.3 inches utilizing a slightly modified PC/104 bus interface. The initial FPGA configuration will be an instantiation of a TMR processor, with included Error Detection and Correction (EDAC) and memory controller circuitry. The PCB is designed with requisite supporting circuitry including a configuration controller FPGA, SDRAM, and Flash memory in order to allow the greatest variety of possible configurations. The CFTP is currently manifested as a Space Test Program (STP) experimental payload on the Naval Postgraduate School's NPSATI and the United States Naval Academy's MidSTAR-1 satellites, which will be launched into low earth orbit in March 2003. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hulme, CA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 777 Dyer Rd,Bldg 233,Code SP-Sd,Rm 125, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2269 EP 2276 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000229 ER PT S AU Lovellette, MN Campbell, AB Hughes, HL Lawerence, RK Ward, JW Meinhold, M Bengtson, TR Carleton, GF Segal, BM Rueckes, T AF Lovellette, MN Campbell, AB Hughes, HL Lawerence, RK Ward, JW Meinhold, M Bengtson, TR Carleton, GF Segal, BM Rueckes, T GP ieee TI Nanotube memories for space applications SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB The radiation hardness characteristics Of nano-electromechanical single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) memory elements has been studied. The NRAM bits have been exposed to 100 krad, 1 Mrad and 10 Mrad of gammaradiation. Initial test results indicate that NRAM is an extremely radiation hard memory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lovellette, MN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2300 EP 2305 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000233 ER PT S AU Carico, D AF Carico, D GP ieee TI Rotorcraft shipboard flight test analytic options SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Flight testing is required to determine the aircraft suitability for both land and ship-based mission scenarios. Classical test pilot techniques are used to evaluate the air vehicle in a land-based environment using highly instrumented vehicles. Shipboard testing may be performed at remote locations using uninstrumented fleet aircraft. The ship test must be scheduled far in advance, and the test location may be an area with a low probability of desired high ambient winds and sea state. This means the test may have to be repeated to generate a large enough operational envelope to support required mission applications. This also implies that each test component is a system and that in a systems approach to rotorcraft/ship testing it is very difficult to optimize all the system components. Work is ongoing to develop a virtual rotorcraft/ship test support capability. The system components in the virtual approach include the rotorcraft and ship models, the ship airwake and motion models, and the integration and validation of the systems and subsystems. In the virtual systems approach to rotorcraft/ship testing, parameter sensitivity studies can be readily performed on each system component. Considerable progress has been made in basic rotorcraft and ship airwake modeling, and in linear superposition integration of these model components. This paper will review the status of ongoing small business innovative research programs and internal science and technology programs to demonstrate virtual real-time and non-real time options to simulate the rotorcraft shipboard landing task. The paper will also address ongoing work to develop an improved helicopter/ship deck landing analytic capability and discuss ongoing work to develop an enhanced visual landing aid personal computer test tool to help support future night time and/or low visibility shipboard testing. The requirement to develop a fully coupled aircraft/ship/airwake/motion model to better support future multi-rotorcraft shipboard testing in a virtual enviromnent will also be discussed. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 2988 EP 2998 DI 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368104 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000304 ER PT S AU Westervelt, K AF Westervelt, K GP ieee TI Root cause analysis of BIT false alarms SO 2004 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 06-13, 2004 CL Big Sky, MT SP Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE AB Root cause analysis is an essential task to mature Built-In-Test (BIT) false alarm performance. Effectiveness of corrective actions is highly dependent upon how well engineers analyze false alarms and how well they understand the equipment's BIT mechanization into the weapon system. Therefore, a success-oriented engineering approach needs to be established in order to analyze false alarms and understand the reasons they occur. This paper identifies a seven-step process to perform root cause analysis on false alarms during the design and development phase in order to implement effective corrective actions prior to fleet delivery. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Westervelt, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Hangar 109,Suite 2A,22474 James Rd,Unit 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8155-6 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2004 BP 3782 EP 3790 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBF75 UT WOS:000225274000383 ER PT S AU O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K AF O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K GP IEEE TI Single-snapshot robust direction finding SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS: SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSING THEORY AND METHODS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE ID ARRAY AB This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the directions of arrival recursively as measurements of incident signals are received along a sensor array. Using a single snapshot and without any statistical assumptions, the proposed method employs a robust performance criterion based on worst-case gain minimization. The performance of the new approach is evaluated by simulating the estimation algorithm for a linear array and comparing its performance to that of an existing single-snapshot algorithm. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2004 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAH00 UT WOS:000222174600024 ER PT S AU Peters, K Kay, S AF Peters, K Kay, S GP IEEE TI Unbiased estimation of the phase of a sinusoid SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS: SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSING THEORY AND METHODS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE AB Estimation of the phase of a sinusoid is an important problem in signal processing. The usual maximum likelihood estimator is biased and so can produce poor results, especially at low signal-to-noise ratios and/or short data records. It is proven that no unbiased estimator exists; based on the proof, several means of obtaining estimators with less bias than the maximum likelihood estimator are proposed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Peters, K (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2004 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAH00 UT WOS:000222174600124 ER PT B AU Blunt, SD Ho, KC AF Blunt, SD Ho, KC GP IEEE TI Iterative MAP multiuser detection for constant modulus constellations in synchronous CDMA SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL IV, PROCEEDINGS: AUDIO AND ELECTROACOUSTICS SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS CHANNELS; INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION AB This paper generalizes previous work on BPSK [1] to multiuser detection for constant modulus constellations in synchronous CDMA communication systems based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. The known finite alphabet of discrete transmitted symbols is approximated as a stochastic parameter with Gaussian distributions centered at the true values of the symbol constellation. This allows for the development of a MAP estimator that takes a priori knowledge of the symbol constellation into account in order to improve estimation accuracy. We examine the performance of the proposed algorithm for BPSK, QPSK, and 8PSK and compare the results with other well-known multiuser detection techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 893 EP 896 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BAH08 UT WOS:000222179500224 ER PT B AU Du, YZ Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB AF Du, YZ Ives, RW Etter, DM Welch, TB GP IEEE TI Biometric signal processing laboratory SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TRACKS MACHINE LEARNING FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE AB Biometric systems verify a person's identity based on unique physical attributes. Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions. It is a broad subject, which integrates image processing, digital signal processing, statistics, mathematics, computing, psychology and legislation. To enable the average undergraduate to understand and internalize the biometric theories and technologies, we have developed a biometric signal processing laboratory at the U.S. Naval Academy. This paper describes the model of the lab, introduces the key biometric equipment, and overviews our lab activities. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Biometr Signal Proc Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Biometr Signal Proc Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 1025 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAH10 UT WOS:000222179700257 ER PT B AU Welch, TB Morrow, MG Wright, CHG AF Welch, TB Morrow, MG Wright, CHG GP IEEE TI Using DSP hardware to control your world SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TRACKS MACHINE LEARNING FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 17-21, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE AB In recent years, more and more students have been designing and implementing small systems using real-time DSP hardware. Given the decreasing cost and the increasing capability of DSP starter kits (DSKs) and evaluation modules (EVMs), these projects are being used by greater numbers of educators as a valuable pedagogical tool. To help keep the cost relatively low, most DSKs and EVMs are designed to work with audio input and output signals. Digital input/output pins are sometimes available, but the ability to easily control a number of electrical loads totaling several hundred watts does not readily exist. Yet DSP control of significant electrical loads can add depth and interest to many student projects. This paper will discuss the design, construction, and use of a very compact, dual-tone multiple-frequency (DTMF) based decoder and power switching device. These devices have been successfully used by a number of undergraduate and graduate students to allow their DSP algorithms to control their world. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2004 BP 1041 EP 1044 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAH10 UT WOS:000222179700261 ER PT S AU Bachmann, ER Yun, XP Peterson, CW AF Bachmann, ER Yun, XP Peterson, CW GP IEEE TI An investigation of the effects of magnetic variations on inertial/magnetic orientation sensors SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE DE motion tracking; orientation; magnetic fields; accelerometers; magnetometers; and angular rate sensors AB Rigid body orientation can be estimated in a "sourceless manner" through the use of small three degree of freedom sensor modules containing orthogonally mounted triads of micromachined angular rate sensors, accelerometers, and magnetometers. With proper filter design, drift errors can be eliminated. However, variations in the direction of the local magnetic field reference vector can cause errors in the estimated orientation. The experimental work described in this paper attempts to quantify these errors with an eye toward the development of corrective algorithms. To determine the types and magnitudes of errors that can be expected, three different types of inertial/magnetic sensor modules were subjected to controlled changes in the direction and magnitude of the local magnetic field. The amount of magnetic variation caused by several common objects was also measured in order to gain insight into the magnitude of errors that can be expected during operation in a typical environment. The experiments indicate that variations in the direction of the local magnetic field lead to errors only in azimuth estimation when using inertial/magnetic sensor modules. In a common room environment, errors due to local variations caused by objects such as electrical heaters, CRT monitors, and metal furniture can be expected to be no more than 16 degrees. In most causes these errors can be avoided by maintaining a separation of approximately two feet from the source of interference. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Analysis, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miami Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Syst Analysis, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM bachmaer@muohio.edu; yun@ieee.org NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 1115 EP 1122 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1307974 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800180 ER PT S AU Patterson, SA Knowles, KA Bishop, BE AF Patterson, SA Knowles, KA Bishop, BE GP IEEE TI Toward magnetically-coupled reconfigurable modular robots SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE DE module; robot; reconfigurable; electromagnet; magnet AB This paper presents the design of a robotic module that is the building block for a magnetically-coupled reconfigurable robot network. The developed module has on-board computation, IR communication and integrated power. The development of this modular network and the associated reconfiguration methodology is motivated by the premise that magnetic latching is much more plausible than physical latching as scale decreases to the micro and nano levels. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 2900 EP 2905 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1307501 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800467 ER PT S AU McDowell, P Bourgeois, B Iyengar, SS AF McDowell, P Bourgeois, B Iyengar, SS GP IEEE TI Formation maneuvering using passive acoustic communications SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE DE component AB Interest in the use of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) for both commercial and military uses is growing. Control of UUVs poses a difficult problem because traditional methods of communication and navigation, i.e. radio and GPS, are not effective due to the properties of seawater. Control and communication algorithms were developed to carry out multiple UUV formation maneuvering using acoustic communications and first tested in computer simulation and then on mobile robots. Three control schemes, classic logic, behavior, and neural network were tested in line formations in both simulator and lab environments. Results and issues are discussed along with future directions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McDowell, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-8232-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2004 BP 3843 EP 3848 DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308867 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BAE24 UT WOS:000221794800617 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK GP IEEE TI Quantizing features independently in the Bayesian data reduction algorithm SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL The Hague, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE DE discrete classification; dimensionality reduction; supervised learning ID MEAN RECOGNITION ACCURACY; PERFORMANCE; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) is modified to quantize each feature (i.e... those that are continuous valued and not naturally discrete, or categorical), independently, allowing a best set of thresholds to be found for all dimensions contained in the data. The algorithm works by initially quantizing each feature with at least ten discrete levels (via percentiles), where the BDRA then proceeds to reduce this to a number of levels yielding best performance. The BDRA then trains on all independently quantized features simultaneously, finding the best overall quantization complexity of the data that minimizes the training error. Results are demonstrated illustrating the performance of the new modified algorithm for various data sets found at the University of California at Irvine's (UCI) Repository of Machine Learning Databases. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. RP Lynch, RS (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-8566-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2004 BP 1336 EP 1341 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BBP32 UT WOS:000226863300227 ER PT B AU Gadlage, MJ Schrimpf, RD Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Turflinger, TL AF Gadlage, MJ Schrimpf, RD Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Turflinger, TL GP ieee TI Modeling and verification of single event transients in deep submicron technologies SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 25-29, 2004 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8315-X PY 2004 BP 673 EP 674 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2004.1315445 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAG82 UT WOS:000222139900154 ER PT B AU McEachen, JC Zachary, JM Ettlich, DW AF McEachen, JC Zachary, JM Ettlich, DW GP IEEE TI Differentiating network conversation flow for intrusion detection and diagnostics SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc DE intrusion detection; network diagnostics; statistical mechanics AB We present a novel approach to detecting anomalous network events Specifically, a method for characterizing and displaying the flow of conversations across a distributed system with a high number of interacting entities is discussed and analyzed. Results from simulated laboratory experiments as well as observations from operational network traffic are presented. These results suggest that our approach presents a unique perspective on anomalies in computer network traffic. Additionally, this approach produces a normal statistic that could viably be analyzed with ML/MSE estimators. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8251-X PY 2004 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BAP14 UT WOS:000223102600119 ER PT B AU Bucholtz, F Urick, VJ Campillo, AL AF Bucholtz, F Urick, VJ Campillo, AL GP ieee TI Comparison of crosstalk for amplitude and phase modulation in an analog fiber optic link SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Ogunquit, ME SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech, IEEE LEOS, Boston Univ Photon Ctr ID NONLINEARITIES AB We investigated analog rf crosstalk levels in a 25 km, wavelength-division multiplexed, Er-amplified fiber optic link for both a) amplitude modulation with direct photodetection and b) phase modulation with differential interferometric demodulation and photodetection. Experimental results are presented for optical channel spacing in the range 50 GHz to 200 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bucholtz, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8492-X PY 2004 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1109/MWP.2004.1396837 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBF46 UT WOS:000225226300018 ER PT B AU Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ AF Campillo, AL Bucholtz, F Williams, KJ GP ieee TI Dispersion impairments in analog polarization modulated links SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Ogunquit, ME SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech, IEEE LEOS, Boston Univ Photon Ctr ID TRANSMISSION AB The effect of dispersion on an analog link employing polarization modulation is studied experimentally. Dispersion impairments are observed in a 25 km link. The effects of dispersion are dependent on receiver design. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5652, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8492-X PY 2004 BP 104 EP 106 DI 10.1109/MWP.2004.1396847 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBF46 UT WOS:000225226300028 ER PT B AU Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ GP ieee TI Phase noise in compressed RF photodiodes SO 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics CY OCT 04-06, 2004 CL Ogunquit, ME SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech, IEEE LEOS, Boston Univ Photon Ctr ID DESIGN; LASERS AB Amplitude and residual phase noise measurements of RF photodiodes are examined. For 1 to 2 dB of space charge induced RF compression, RF amplitude noise is supressed by upwards of 8 dB, while phase noise increases by upwards of 10 dB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8492-X PY 2004 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1109/MWP.2004.1396893 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBF46 UT WOS:000225226300070 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Meyer, JR AF Bewley, WW Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Kim, CS Kim, M Meyer, JR GP ieee TI High-efficiency mid-IR "W" diode lasers SO 2004 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Rio Grande, PR SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-8557-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2004 BP 555 EP 556 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBG19 UT WOS:000225390900276 ER PT S AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Lister, CJ Kondev, F AF Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Lister, CJ Kondev, F BE Seibert, JA TI Strip interpolation in silicon and Germanium strip detectors SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE silicon detector; Germanium detector; interpolation.; Compton telescope AB The position resolution of double-sided strip detectors is limited by the strip pitch and a reduction in strip pitch necessitates more electronics. Improved position resolution would improve the imaging capabilities of Compton telescopes and PET detectors. Digitizing the preamplifier waveform yields more information than can be extracted with regular shaping electronics. In addition to the energy, depth of interaction, and which strip was hit, the digitized preamplifier signals can locate the interaction position to less than the strip pitch of the detector by looking at induced signals in neighboring strips. This allows the position of the interaction to be interpolated in three dimensions and improve the imaging capabilities of the system. In a 2 mm thick silicon strip detector with a strip pitch of 0.891 mm, strip interpolation located the interaction of 356 keV gamma rays to 0.3 mm FWHM. In a 2 cm thick germanium detector with a strip pitch of 5 mm, strip interpolation of 356 keV gamma rays yielded a position resolution of 1.5 mm FWHM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 925 EP 929 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002101056 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI AF Nelson, SO Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI BE Seibert, JA TI Performance of a thick silicon polarimeter SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have constructed and tested gamma-ray polarimeters from layers of 2 mm thick double-sided silicon strip detectors. The first test polarimeter consists of 2 layers of 64x64 strip detectors with a 0.891 mm strip pitch. The device was tested using 122 keV gamma rays polarized by Compton scattering near 90 degrees in a 30x5 strip silicon detector. Data from a higher-energy experiment using gamma rays from a Co-60 source scattered by a 3.5 cm x 5 cm x 1 cm lead block and a single 64x64 strip Si detector was taken to test higher-energy polarimetry and allow direct background measurement. A detailed GEANT4 simulation for the low-energy polarimeter experiment has also been performed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 1956 EP 1960 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002102139 ER PT S AU Phlips, BF Nelson, SO Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Amman, M Luke, PN AF Phlips, BF Nelson, SO Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Amman, M Luke, PN BE Seibert, JA TI Development and performance of large fine-pitch germanium strip detectors SO 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-7 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 16-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE Commun Soc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID SPECTROSCOPY; CONTACTS AB We present the initial performance results obtained with a double-sided planar germanium strip detector with 1.25 mm pitch and 64 cm 2 of active area. The detector is 2 cm thick and was manufactured with an amorphous contact technology. The germanium crystal is 10 x 9 x 2 cm(3) and was extracted from the long direction of a germanium boule. The detector has 64 strips on each side, with one side AC coupled to the front-end electronics and the other side DC coupled to the front-end electronics. An energy resolution of 2.4 keV and a pixellization of 1.25 mm are achieved. A depth resolution of I mm was obtained by using a timing technique. Gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy are demonstrated using diffuse gamma-ray sources and collimators. Images created using coded apertures are also shown. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-8700-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2004 BP 2110 EP 2114 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ05 UT WOS:000232002103021 ER PT B AU Castelin, S Bernstein, P AF Castelin, S Bernstein, P GP ieee TI A notional scenario for the use of unmanned system groups in littoral warfare SO 2004 IEEE/OES AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Conference CY JUN 17-18, 2004 CL Sebasco, ME SP IEEE, OES AB The Navy recognizes the value of unmanned systems and has begun to invest significantly in the research and development of unmanned and autonomous agents for Navy missions. The technologies are maturing rapidly which will enable rapid, widespread introduction into the Fleet. Future unmanned systems will be used both as semi-automated systems with significant operator supervision and as fully autonomous systems capable of performing entire missions without real-time operator assistance. These autonomous agents will be deployed in significant numbers and operate cooperatively to accomplish complex missions in the littoral (coastal) region. This paper will present a notional future scenario that will involve the operation of groups of unmanned systems. This scenario utilizes all types of unmanned systems (underwater, surface, ground, and air) to support an amphibious landing. The overall goal of the scenario is the identification of a clear path from a deep water area to the beach. The detection and localization of mines and/or obstacles in the littoral region is the goal of the unmanned system groups. The impact of multiple unmanned systems on this scenario will be explored. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Castelin, S (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8543-8 PY 2004 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1109/AUV.2004.1431187 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BBP46 UT WOS:000226882400003 ER PT B AU Redfield, SA AF Redfield, SA GP ieee TI Lane finding using homogenous groups of coordinating autonomous vehicles SO 2004 IEEE/OES AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Conference CY JUN 17-18, 2004 CL Sebasco, ME SP IEEE, OES AB This paper describes the problem of finding a clear lane through a potentially mined region. Using a group of cooperating AUV's, we propose several solutions and compare their advantages and disadvantages. The goal is to find straight paths clear of obstacles from one edge of a rectangular search area to the other. Homogeneous robots are used to find paths clear of all obstacles. The number of robots, their communications abilities and their sensory abilities are varied. The interleaved method shows the effectiveness of a team of interleaved robots working their way across the region. In this approach, the robots start in neighboring swaths and as they find blocked swaths (blocked by either a mine or an obstacle) they break off and move to a new swath. This approach uses the least shared information and results in long search times that decrease predictably with the number of robots used and with the width of the sensor swath. The regional method takes a different approach, where each robot is assigned a single territory within the search area. There is little cooperation between robots; one robot will only change its path if information from its neighbor indicates the possible presence of a clear lane in a new area within its region. Search times using this approach tend to be long, and cooperation rarely shortens the search time. Preliminary results show that this cooperative approach can substantially increase the time necessary to survey the region if there are partial lanes at region boundaries. However, the regional simulation also shows a substantial decrease in the amount of time it takes to determine whether or not clear lanes are possible, compared to the interleaved approach. In the hybrid method the search area is divided into smaller regions, defined as a specific number of swaths. The robots are initially assigned to neighboring regions, and as a region is invalidated or completed, the affected robot will move to the next unassigned region. This approach forms a bridge, with the interleaved approach at one extreme (one swath per region) and the regional approach at the other (Total number of swaths/number of robots per region). All three approaches were simulated in ALWSE-MATLAB. The hybrid approach was also implemented in autonomous ground vehicles as a physical simulation before implementation in target (amphibious) hardware. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Redfield, SA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code R24,110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8543-8 PY 2004 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1109/AUV.2004.1431189 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BBP46 UT WOS:000226882400005 ER PT B AU Horner, DP Healey, AJ AF Horner, DP Healey, AJ GP ieee TI Use of artificial potential fields for UAV guidance and optimization of WLAN communications SO 2004 IEEE/OES AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Conference CY JUN 17-18, 2004 CL Sebasco, ME SP IEEE, OES AB Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are quickly becoming an important part of regional military operations. The use of standardized internet protocols enables a wide variety of vehicles, sensors and personnel to interoperate more effectively. For Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), they permit a potentially great improvement to distribute outputs from data intensive sensors like sonar and video to observers. For a fleet of AUVs tasked with area underwater search and survey, WLANs can facilitate situational awareness, re-tasking and expedience. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8543-8 PY 2004 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1109/AUV.2004.1431198 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BBP46 UT WOS:000226882400014 ER PT B AU Duarte, CN Martel, GR Eberbach, E Buzzell, C AF Duarte, CN Martel, GR Eberbach, E Buzzell, C GP ieee TI Talk amongst yourselves: Getting multiple autonomous vehicles to cooperate SO 2004 IEEE/OES AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Conference CY JUN 17-18, 2004 CL Sebasco, ME SP IEEE, OES AB This paper. will describe our efforts to define a common control language (CCL), its interpreter/compiler integrated with an optimization planner using kOmega-search. The objectives for this language is to provide the representation of missions, real-time mission re-directs and task allocation between an operator and multiple vehicles to support cooperative autonomous behavior. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Duarte, CN (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8543-8 PY 2004 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1109/AUV.2004.1431199 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BBP46 UT WOS:000226882400015 ER PT B AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, T GP ieee TI Advanced Electrical Power Systems (AEPS) thrust at the office of naval research SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 973 EP 973 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300248 ER PT B AU Seiler, JE Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Pease, RL Maher, MC Shaneyfelt, MR AF Seiler, JE Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Pease, RL Maher, MC Shaneyfelt, MR GP ieee TI Effect of passivation on the enhanced low dose rate sensitivity of national LM124 operational amplifiers SO 2004 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop ( REDW) held in conjunction with the IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 22, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE DE enhanced low dose rate sentitivity; ELDRS; total dose irradiation; dose rate enhancment factor; passivation; hydrogen; nitride; LM124; operational amplifier; secondary ion mass spectrometer; SIMS ID INTERFACE-TRAP FORMATION; BUILDUP; DEVICES; STATES; LAYERS AB This paper presents high and low dose rate test results for LM124 operational amplifiers that were fabricated with six passivation layer types. Consistent with previous data, these results confirm that passivation layers play a significant role in determining ELDRS response. SIMS analysis suggests that an influential factor in determining the high and low dose rate response may be the location and concentration of hydrogen at the Si-SiO2 interface and in the passivation layers. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Seiler, JE (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8697-3 PY 2004 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1109/REDW.2004.1352902 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BBN14 UT WOS:000226254000008 ER PT S AU Gerlach, KR Rangaswamy, M AF Gerlach, KR Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE TI Robust AMF performance in non-Gaussian clutter using self-censoring SO 2004 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; RADAR AB This paper discusses the performance of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) in impulsive clutter backgrounds modelled as a spherically invariant random process. Three different techniques are used to determine the weights of the adaptive matched filter. It is shown that a self censoring reiterative approach for calculating the weights results in robust performance for a large class of clutter scenarios backing from highly impulsive clutter to Gaussian clutter backgrounds. Performance analysis is presented in terms of the output signal-to-noise-ratio of the AMF. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Gerlach, KR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 0-7803-8545-4 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2004 BP 372 EP 376 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR32 UT WOS:000230899800072 ER PT S AU Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Rangaswamy, M AF Blunt, SD Gerlach, K Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE TI The enhanced fracta algorithm with knowledge-aided covariance estimation SO 2004 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Sitges, SPAIN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID MATRIX AB The enhanced FRACTA (FRACTA.E) algorithm has been shown to be an effective Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) methodology for the airborne radar configuration in which there exists non-homogeneous clutter, jamming, and dense target clusters. In this paper, the FRACTA.E algorithm. is supplemented with knowledge-aided covariance estimation (KACE) in order to reduce the required sample support which may be necessary in severely non-homogeneous environments. The resulting algorithm is applied to the KASSPER I challenge data cube where it is shown via simulation that KACE enables FRACTA.E to achieve essentially the same level of detection performance with considerably less training data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 0-7803-8545-4 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2004 BP 638 EP 642 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BCR32 UT WOS:000230899800127 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Applying fault correction profiles SO 28TH ANNUAL NASA GODDARD SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual NASA Goddard Software Engineering Workshop CY DEC 03-04, 2003 CL Greenbelt, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, Techn Council Software Engn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Software Engn Lab AB In general, software reliability models have focused on modeling and predicting the failure detection process and have not given equal priority to modeling the fault correction process. However, it is important to address the fault correction process in order to identify the need for process improvements. Process improvements, in turn, will contribute to achieving software reliability goals. We introduce the concept of a fault correction profile -- a set of functions that predict fault correction events as a function of failure detection events. The fault correction profile identifies the need for process improvements and provides information for developing fault correction strategies. Related to the fault correction profile is the goal fault correction profile. This profile represents the fault correction goal against which the achieved fault correction profile can be compared. This comparison motivates the concept Of fault correction process instability, and the attributes of instability. Applying these concepts to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center fault correction process and its data, we demonstrate that the need for process improvement can be identified, and that improvements in process would contribute to meeting product reliability goals. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nschneid@nps.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2064-2 PY 2004 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY73J UT WOS:000189450100023 ER PT B AU Singh, G Denoue, L Das, A AF Singh, G Denoue, L Das, A BE Roschelle, J Chan, TW Kinshuk, X Yang, SJH TI Collaborative note taking SO 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON WIRELESS AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (WMTE) CY MAR 23-25, 2004 CL Jungli, TAIWAN SP IEEE Learning Technol Task Force, IEEE Comp Soc AB Collaborative note taking enables students in a class to take notes on their PDAs and share them with their "study group" in real-time. Students receive instructor's slides on their PDAs as the instructor displays them. As the individual members of the group take notes pertaining to the slide being presented, their notes are automatically sent to all members of the group. In addition, to reduce their typing, students can use text they receive from other students and from the instructors slides to construct their notes. This system has been used in actual practice for a graduate level course on wireless mobile computing. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1989-X PY 2004 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1109/WMTE.2004.1281375 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY91V UT WOS:000189494900026 ER PT B AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Data association for fusion in spatial and spectral imaging SO 32ND APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence DE covariance equalization; data association; registration; hyperspectral Imaging; point set matching AB Conventional spatial imaging of the same object at different times or with different sensing modalities often requires the identification of corresponding points within a solid object. A mathematically similar problem occurs in the remote hyperspectral imaging of one scene at two widely separated time intervals. In both cases the information can be interpreted using linear vector spaces, and the differences in sensed signals can be modeled with linear transformations of these spaces. Here we explore first, how much can be deduced about the transformations based solely on the multivariate statistics of the two data sets. Then we solve application-specific models for each of conventional and hyperspectral applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2029-4 PY 2004 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA60 UT WOS:000221356000015 ER PT B AU Pauli, M Ertem, MC Heidhausen, E AF Pauli, M Ertem, MC Heidhausen, E GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Quick response airborne deployment of viper muzzle flash detection and location system during DC sniper attacks SO 32ND APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB The VIPER infrared muzzle flash detection system was deployed from a helicopter and an airship in response to the Washington, DC area sniper attacks in October 2002. The system consisted of a midwave IR camera, which was used to detect muzzle flash and cue a visible light camera on a gimbal to the detected event. The helicopter installation was done to prove that a manned airborne installation of the VIPER detection system would work. Within 36 hours of the request to deploy the system, it had been modified, approved by the FAA inspector and flown. Testing at the Ft. Meade rifle range showed that in the helicopter installation the system worked at least as well as the ground based system. Because of the limited endurance that a helicopter allows, the system was then installed aboard a Navy leased airship. It was flown at Elizabeth City, NC and was tested against live fire. In response to the Washington, DC sniper shootings, the OSD had tasked a parallel effort to deploy a 20" WesCam gyro stabilized gimbal on the same airship. Software was developed in the field to interface the WesCam gimbal to the VIPER system so that it could automatically slew over to a detection event. The airship installation also added GPS based moving map display capability. That was completed within four days of the first request to deploy. The next four days were spent coordinating a concept of operations for working with law enforcement agencies and getting flight clearances to bring the airship into the DC-Richmond corridor. After the sniper suspects were caught, the airship was taken to Patuxent River Naval Air Station and the muzzle flash detection system was tested there against live rifle fire. These were the first flights of the airborne VIPER payload. It has since been flown numerous times on helicopters anti tested against various guns, mortars, and artillery. The Naval Research Laboratory has demonstrated multiple payloads, each of which flew in manned helicopters and all controlled from a single ground station. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauli, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2029-4 PY 2004 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAA60 UT WOS:000221356000036 ER PT S AU Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RI Keeney, AC AF Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RI Keeney, AC GP IEEE TI Packaging considerations tor microelectromechanical microwave switches SO 54TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY FEB 03, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Elect Components Assembilies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE Comp Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID RF-MEMS SWITCHES; CIRCUITS AB Microelectromechanical switches for microwave signals offer better isolation, insertion loss and linearity than their solid-state counterparts. However, system issues such as packaging require examination. In previous work, we developed a shunt switch for controlling signals up to 20 CHz. These switches have been observed to be sensitive to the stresses typical to microwave packaging, resulting in large increases in their actuation voltage during packaging. We therefore describe an alternative switch design that should be-less sensitive to tensile stresses, which uses lateral actuation. The paper presents the performance of the bridge switches and the effects of stress and packaging on their performance. We will also describe the design and fabrication of the lateral switches, which rely on either electrostatic or thermal actuation. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-8365-6 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2004 BP 862 EP 868 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBA04 UT WOS:000224340900131 ER PT B AU Contarino, MV Petrosyuk, IM AF Contarino, MV Petrosyuk, IM BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Ahmad, A TI Hyperspectral and multispectral optical systems. Rewiew SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VI, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE, ACOUSTIC, SIGNAL PROCESSING AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE hyperspectral; multispectral; system; technology; spectral imaging; spectral; spatial; analysis AB Hyperspectral and multispectral optical technologies are creative techniques that combine and integrate spectral with spatial methods. With the increase in performance of new technology for these optical systems there is a corresponding extension in the application to new areas. This includes geologic, atmospheric, underwater, space, biomedical, and material applications. The image processing can be combined as the best of two worlds: spatial and spectral analysis while and the spectral generation can be divided into four parts: image acquisition, spectral analysis, image fusion, and spectral reconstruction. The combined analysis is considered as data fusion. C1 USN, Air Syst Command Red & Engn Grp, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Contarino, MV (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command Red & Engn Grp, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBT30 UT WOS:000227681100008 ER PT B AU Kendall, A Housel, TJ AF Kendall, A Housel, TJ BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Nomura, S Zhang, J TI Resolving the ROI on IT issue SO 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XIV, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 18-21, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, Amer Soc Cybernet, Acad Non Linear Sci, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Telemat Engn Dept, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, CUST, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engn Sci Inst, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Syst Inst, Int Soc Syst Sci, Italian Soc System, Univ Nacl San Luis, Lab Res Computac Intelligence, Dept Informat, Polish Syst Soc, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Soc Appl Syst Res, Syst Soc Poland, Ctr Syst Studies, Tunisian Sci Soc, World Org System & Cybernet, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci DE return on IT; IT productivity; knowledge value-added; IT theory ID FIRM; PARADOX AB This paper proposes a theory for measuring the return on information technology (IT) within the context of a general theory of IT productivity. We operationalize the general productivity theory in terms of the explicit knowledge required to produce process outputs. The paper demonstrates how to measure the cost and benefits of information technology (IT) deployed in processes by estimating the amount of knowledge contained therein. The paper begins by reviewing the promises and limitations of the current theoretical approaches to measuring the value-added of IT. It then develops the knowledge value added (KVA) operationalization as a potential solution that addresses these limitations. The KVA approach addresses the general requirements for a theory to measure the value-adding performance of IT. The implications are discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kendall, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-13-2 PY 2004 BP 116 EP 121 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBT43 UT WOS:000227691900023 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS Zaffram, C AF Gray, JE Smith-Carroll, AS Zaffram, C BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI A methodology for adaptive scheduling of radar intervals based on a cost function methodology SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XVIII CY APR 14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE adaptive scheduling; cost function optimization; radar resource management AB In this note we introduce the idea of adaptive scheduling based on a cost function methodology. As the warfare environment becomes more complex, individual sensor resources are stretched, and the usage of the sensors has grown. In a multi-ship multi-platform environment, one has the potential to share information across platforms. This would dramatically increase the strategic and tactical picture available to mission planners and commanders at all force levels. In order to accomplish this nits-ion, the sensors must all be coordinated so adaptability and multi-force tasking can be accomplished with netted sensors. Adaptive sensor management expands group capabilities by freeing up resources such as dwells/energy management. Savings arise by effective usage of tracking resources by revisiting threats with radar resources only when needed. This can be done by introducing analytic cost functions of the revisit time that enable one to minimize revisit time while maintaining error within acceptable bounds. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B32,Bldg 1500A, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5353-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5430 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.543307 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BAS57 UT WOS:000223369500011 ER PT S AU Hempel, CG Doran, SL AF Hempel, CG Doran, SL BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI A PMHT algorithm for active sonar SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XVIII CY APR 14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE PMHT; PMHTAS; active sonar; multi-waveform; detection; tracking; clutter; target maneuvers ID TRACKING; TARGETS AB The Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (PMHT) algorithm proposed by Streit and Luginbuhl in 1995 is adapted here for use in active sonar applications. PMHT is a batch technique that uses the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain MAP estimates of the sequence of target states. Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking for Active Sonar (PMHTAS) modifies PMHT for detecting and tracking a maneuvering target in clutter. Tactical active sonar systems often transmit several different waveforms simultaneously, and the detection performance with individual waveforms typically varies with the target Doppler and reverberation level. PMHTAS is a multi-waveform tracking algorithm: measurements from all waveforms are used to update each batch of track state estimates in a scheme to adapt the appropriate echo amplitude models to the target Doppler and local reverberation level. PMHTAS also incorporates developments presented by Willett, Ruan, and Streit in 1998 to utilize echo amplitude information and to handle clutter and target maneuvers. A new detection test statistic based on the objective function that is optimized in the EM algorithm has also been developed along with an initialization procedure for starting new tracks. This paper describes the key components of the PMHTAS algorithm design and presents some results using active sonar sea trial data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hempel, CG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5353-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5430 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.542112 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BAS57 UT WOS:000223369500013 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ George, C Purdy, AP AF Butcher, RJ George, C Purdy, AP TI Tetra-mu-chloro-chloro(N,N,N ',N '-tetra-methylethane-1,2-diamine)(1,1,3-tri-methyl-2-imidazolium)dicoppe r(I)copper(II) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE COMPLEXES; COPPER(I) COMPLEXES; PALLADIUM; CRYSTAL AB The title compound, [Cu3Cl5(C6H16N2)(C6H13N2)], was isolated from a reaction between Cu(OH)(2), (CF3)(3)COH, C6H6, [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]dimethylamine (TMEDA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF), and contains two inequivalent copper(I) centers as well as a square-pyramidal copper(II) center all linked by mu(2)-chloro bridges. The 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-imidazolium cation results from the cyclization of a coordinated molecule of TMEDA and contains localized C-N and C=N bonds in contrast to the delocalized C=N bonds observed in other coordinated 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-imidazolium cations. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Butcher, RJ (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, 525 Coll St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 BP M102 EP M104 DI 10.1107/S1600536803027752 PN 1 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 757FZ UT WOS:000187552200042 ER PT J AU Sun, JL Chu, P Liu, QY AF Sun, JL Chu, P Liu, QY TI The seasonal variation of undercurrent and temperature in the equatorial Pacific jointly derived from buoy measurement and assimilation analysis SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE the tropical Pacific; Equatorial Undercurrent; seasonal variations; meridional cell ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ANNUAL CYCLE; ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; TRITIUM; MODEL; CHAOS AB Based on the TOGA-TAO buoy chain observed data in the equatorial Pacific and the assimilation analysis results from SODA(simple ocean data assimilation analysis), the role of the meridional cells in the subsurface of the tropical Pacific was discussed. It was found that, the seasonal varying direction of EUC (the quatorial Undercurrent)m the Peacific is westwards beginning from the eastern equatorial Pacific in the boreal spring. The meridional cell south of the equator plays important role on this seasonal change of EUC. On the other hand, although the varying direction is westwards, the seasonal variation of temperature in the same region gets its minimum values in the boreal autumn beginning from the eastern equatorial Pacific. The meridional cell north of the equator is most responsible for the seasonal temperature variation in the eastern equatorial Pacific while the meridional cell south of the equator mainly controls the seasonal temperature change in the central Pacific. It is probably true that the asymmetry by the equator is an important factor influencing the seasonal cycle of EUC and temperature in the tropical Pacific. C1 Ocean Univ China, Ocean Atmospher Interact & Climate Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Ocean Atmospher Interact & Climate Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM sunjilin@ouc.edu.cn NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 810AX UT WOS:000220678300006 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Qi, YQ Wang, J Wan, QL Chu, P AF Liu, CX Qi, YQ Wang, J Wan, QL Chu, P TI Impact on the tropical cyclone "Vongfong" forecast using the QuikSCAT wind data SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE QuikSCAT wind data; 3D-VAR assimilation; tropical cyclone ID A SCATTEROMETER DATA; WEATHER ANALYSIS; II STORM; ASSIMILATION AB Since QuikSCAT is available in cloudy and rainy condition, its wind data are valuable in monitoring and real time forecasting the wind field, especially in sparse genesis regions of tropical cyclones. In order to understand and investigate the impact of QuikSCAT wind data, the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-VAR) of scatterometric wind data has been employed for the tropical cyclone "Vongfong" in the year 2002. The result shows that the QuikSCAT wind data have positive impact on the analysis and forecasting. But the positive impact is slight. The present results suggest that how to assimilate QuikSCAT wind data effectively is important and will be a challenge to meteorologists. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, LED, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China. Zhongshan Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China. EM cxliu@grmc.gov.cn RI QI, Yiquan/H-2637-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 387 EP 397 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 873ZU UT WOS:000225321500002 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Jing, CG Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD Hu, Y Chen, H Tang, C Lin, Y Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Lewis, D AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Jing, CG Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD Hu, Y Chen, H Tang, C Lin, Y Bruce, RW Bruce, RL Fliflet, AW Lewis, D BE Yakimenko, V TI Development of a 20 MeV dielectric-loaded accelerator test facility SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB This paper describes a joint project by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), in collaboration with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), to develop a dielectric-loaded accelerator (DLA) test facility powered by a high-power 11.424-GHz magnicon amplifier. The magnicon can presently produce 25 MW of output power in a 250-ns pulse at 10 Hz, and efforts are in progress to increase this to 50 MW. The facility will include a 5 MeV electron injector being developed by the Accelerator Laboratory of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. The DLA test structures are being developed by ANL. and some have undergone testing at NRL at gradients up to similar to8 MV/m. SLAC is developing a means to combine the two magnicon output arms, and to drive an injector and accelerator with separate control of the power ratio and relative phase. RWBruce Associates, Inc., working with NRL, is developing a means to join short ceramic sections into a continuous accelerator tube by ceramic brazing using an intense millimeter-wave beam. The installation and testing of the first dielectric-loaded test accelerator, including injector, DLA structure. and spectrometer. should take place within the next year. The facility will be used for testing DLA structures using a variety of materials and configurations, and also for testing other X-band accelerator concepts. The initial goal is to produce a compact 20 MeV dielectric-loaded test accelerator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000024 ER PT S AU Hubbard, RF Gordon, DF Cooley, JH Hafizi, B Jones, TG Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Ting, A Zigler, A AF Hubbard, RF Gordon, DF Cooley, JH Hafizi, B Jones, TG Kaganovich, D Sprangle, P Ting, A Zigler, A BE Yakimenko, V TI Trapping and acceleration of nonideal injected electron bunches in channel-guided LWFAs SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst ID LASER IONIZATION; PLASMA-WAVES; PULSES AB The standard regime for the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) usually requires external injection of MeV electrons. Ideally, the injected electron bunch should be injected into the proper phase of the accelerating wake, have a bunch length that is small compared with the plasma wavelength, and a low emittance and energy spread. This paper reports Hamiltonian analysis and simulation studies of two 'nonideal' injection schemes that demonstrate strong phase bunching and good accelerated beam quality in a channel-guided laser wakefield accelerator. For the case of monoenergetic, unphased (long bunch) injection. there is an optimum range of injection energies for which the LWFA can trap a significant fraction of the injected pulse while producing an ultrashort, high-quality accelerated pulse. Phased and unphased injection in a channel-guided LWFA with a broad injected energy spread has also been simulated. Although the trapping fraction is generally much smaller than in the monoenergetic case, some simulations exhibit final accelerated bunches with remarkably small energy spread. These results suggest that relatively poor quality injection pulses may still be useful in LWFA demonstration experiments. Implications for planned LWFA experiments at NRL are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 571 EP 577 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000063 ER PT S AU Ting, A Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Ting, A Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P BE Yakimenko, V TI High energy injection electrons from the high density laser ionization and ponderomotive acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Stony Brook, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Stony Brook Univ, Adv Energy Syst AB The high density regime of the Laser Ionization and Ponderomotive Acceleration (HD-LIPA) injector provides high injection bunch charge by employing a high density gas jet. Measurements and simulations confirmed that space charge effects lead to a distribution of high energy LIPA electrons in the directly forward directions in violation of the LIPA angle-energy relationship. These electrons also have much higher energies than predicted, indicating that further acceleration by mechanisms such as the self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration (SM-LWFA) may be present in the HD-LIPA environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0220-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 737 BP 653 EP 656 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BBO13 UT WOS:000226549000074 ER PT S AU Golden, JP Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Fertig, S Sapsford, KE Ligler, FS AF Golden, JP Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Fertig, S Sapsford, KE Ligler, FS BE Vo Dinh, T Gauglitz, G Lieberman, RA TI A portable array biosensor SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies II CY OCT 25-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE evanescent wave; biosensor; automated fluidics; fluorescence imaging AB An array biosensor developed for performing simultaneous analysis of multiple samples for multiple analytes has been miniaturized and fully automated. The biochemical component of the multi-analyte biosensor consists of a patterned array of biological recognition elements ("capture" antibodies) immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide. A fluorescence assay is performed on the patterned surface, yielding an array of fluorescent spots. the locations of which are used to identify what analyte is present. Signal transduction is accomplished by means of a diode laser for fluorescence excitation. optical filters and a CCD camera for image capture. A laptop computer controls the miniaturized fluidics system and image capture. Data analysis software has been developed to locate each spot and quantify the fluorescent signal in each spot. The array biosensor is capable of detecting a variety of analytes including toxins, bacteria and viruses and shows minimal interference from complex physiological sample matrices such whole blood and blood components, fecal matter, saliva, nasal secretions, and urine. Some results from recent field trials are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5539-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5586 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.571310 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBN18 UT WOS:000226254400002 ER PT B AU Rath, BB AF Rath, BB BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Energy crisis - Fact or fiction? SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE biomass; clathrates; energy crisis; hydrogen; methane hydrates; natural gas; oil AB Global consumption of energy is staggering and is increasing at an alarming rate. The U.S. Department of Energy projects the total world consumption to rise by 59% between 1999 and 2020, from 4.0x10(20) to 6.4x10(20) joules per year (the 1999 figure is equivalent to more than 10(26) liters of petroleum) [1]. The same report predicts a 20% increase of carbon dioxide loading to the atmosphere. Another complication in the energy equation is that global population will increase from 6.0 to 7.5 billion during the same period. The impact of these projections may have long-range and profound implications. In The United States, hydrocarbon-based fuel use from petroleum is twice that of coal or natural gas consumption and four times greater than the use of nuclear energy or renewable energy resources. Virtually the entire existing energy related infrastructure for the United States relies on fossil fuels. Undoubtedly, we will remain dependent on hydrocarbon combustion for the foreseeable future. As such, the country cannot afford to ignore the strategic impacts of continued hydrocarbon combustion. It is essential to develop a long-term plan to deal with the use of alternative energy sources. Topics related to energy, one of the most pressing problems of future mankind, and their implications for current research needs, are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rath, BB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6000,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 19 EP 29 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000002 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP Jones, HN Pande, CS AF Cooper, KP Jones, HN Pande, CS BE Chandra, D Bautista, RG Schlapbach, L TI Recent developments in superconducting materials for energy conversion SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Advanced Materials for Energy Conversion held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS, Light Met Div, React Met Comm, Univ Nevada DE superconductivity; high temperature superconductor; flux pinning; MgE : 2; hot deformation ID MGB2 WIRES; CURRENTS; SYSTEM AB Superconducting materials have the potential to revolutionize the Energy industry. The promise of superconductors is the generation, transmission, conversion and storage of energy with little or no loss. Significant progress has been made in the development of high temperature superconductors suitable for use at liquid nitrogen temperature. However, flux pinning and grain boundary "weak link" problems remain and better understanding and development of techniques to minimize the adverse effects are needed. The recently discovered superconductor, MgB2, while not a high temperature superconductor, has many attractive properties such as the absence of the "weak link" effect, low cost synthesis and operation at liquid hydrogen temperature. However, the synthesis of MgB2 is not trivial and several routes to its fabrication into wire form are being pursued. Many technical challenges in the development of these two classes of superconductors remain. Some of the challenges and opportunities in the development of these materials are discussed in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6325,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-574-3 PY 2004 BP 385 EP 391 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79D UT WOS:000189464000063 ER PT S AU Gupta, KM Aha, DW Moore, P AF Gupta, KM Aha, DW Moore, P BE Funk, P Calero, PAG TI Learning feature taxonomies for case indexing SO ADVANCES IN CASE-BASED REASONING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2004 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Spanish Minist Sci & Technol, Musictrands, Kaidara Software, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Ctr Adv Res, Malardalen Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Complutense Univ Madrid, Dept Sistem Informat Programmac AB Taxonomic case retrieval systems significantly outperform standard conversational case retrieval systems. However, their feature taxonomies, which are the principal reason for their superior performance, must be manually developed. This is a laborious and error prone process. In an earlier paper, we proposed a framework for automatically acquiring features and organizing them into taxonomies to reduce the taxonomy acquisition effort. In this paper, we focus on the second part of this framework: automated feature organization. We introduce TAXIND, an algorithm for inducing taxonomies from a given set of features; it implements a step in our FACIT framework for knowledge extraction. TAXIND builds taxonomies using a novel bottom up procedure that operates on a matrix of asymmetric similarity values. We introduce measures for evaluating taxonomy induction performance and use them to evaluate TAXIND's learning performance on two case bases. We investigate both a knowledge poor and a knowledge rich variant of TAXIND. While both outperform a baseline approach that does not induce taxonomies, there is no significant performance difference between the TAXIND variants. Finally, we discuss how a more comprehensive representation for features should improve measures on TAXIND's learning and performance tasks. C1 ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gupta, KM (reprint author), ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. EM aha@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22882-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3155 BP 211 EP 226 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BAV76 UT WOS:000223825700017 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Fan, C AF Chu, PC Fan, C BE Mendes, AC Rahman, M Brebbia, CA TI 3D rigid body impact burial prediction model (IMPACT35) SO ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS V SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advances in Fluid Mechanics CY MAR, 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Dalhousie Univ Canada, Univ Beira Interior AB Falling of rigid body through air, water, and sediment is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Two experiments were conducted to drop rigid cylinders with the density ratio around 1.8 into shallow water (around 13 m deep) in the Monterey Bay (Exp-1) and into the Naval Postgraduate School's swimming pool (Exp-2). During the experiments, we carefully observe cylinder track and burial depth while simultaneously taking gravity cores (in Exp-1). After analyzing the gravity cores, we obtain the bottom sediment density and shear strength profiles. The theoretical work includes the development of 3D rigid body impact burial prediction model (IMPACT35) which contains three components: triple coordinate transform, hydrodynamics of falling rigid object in a single medium (air, water, or sediment) and in multiple media (air-water and water-sediment interfaces). The model predicts the rigid body's trajectory in the water column and burial depth and orientation in the sediment. The experimental data (burial depth, sediment density and shear strength) are used to evaluate the newly developed numerical model. The 3D model shows great improvement to the currently used US Navy's 2D model (i.e., IMPACT28). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-704-3 J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2004 VL 40 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BAP60 UT WOS:000223146500005 ER PT B AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP BE Fotiadis, DI Massalas, CV TI Measuring osteoporosis using ultrasound SO ADVANCES IN SCATTERING AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Advances in Scattering and Biomedical Engineering CY SEP 18-21, 2003 CL Tsepelovo, GREECE SP Univ Ioannina, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Biomed Res Inst, EMPHASIS SA, ANCO SA ID ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; CANCELLOUS BONE; MEDIA AB We simulated ultrasonic data to determine whether bones are osteoporotic. Ultrasound allows the clinician to measure various structural coefficients for bone in addition to testing for density. This fact alone means that ultrasound may lead to more accurate assessments of osteoporosis. With regard to the density the ultrasound measurements are in general accurate. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-924-5 PY 2004 BP 484 EP 494 DI 10.1142/9789812702593_0051 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics; Physics GA BCM21 UT WOS:000229968500051 ER PT B AU Oh-ishi, K Boydon, JF McNelley, TR AF Oh-ishi, K Boydon, JF McNelley, TR BE Taleff, E Friedman, PA Krajewski, PE Mishra, RS Schroth, JG TI Deformation mechanisms and cavity formation in superplastic AA5083 SO ADVANCES IN SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, AMS, MSCTS DE microstructure; superplasticity; deformation mechanisms; grain boundaries; cavity formation ID ALUMINUM; CAVITATION AB The deformation mechanisms and failure modes of superplasticity are reviewed. Mechanical property data in the form of strain rate versus modulus-compensated stress for uniaxial tension tests on AA5083 material at T = 450degreesC exhibits a transition from grain boundary sliding (GBS) to dislocation creep control of deformation. An initially random texture is retained and grain growth occurs during GBS while a fiber texture comprising <111> and <100> components develops during dislocation creep controlled deformation. The grain-to-grain disorientation distribution has a random component and a low-angle (0degrees-5degrees) peak reflecting grain elongation and substructure formation during dislocation creep deformation. Biaxial deformation under dislocation creep control of deformation results in a <100> + <110> two-component fiber texture ( is the direction parallel to the sheet normal). Disorientation distributions across cavities are consistent with GBS leading to grain boundary separation even for material deformed under dislocation creep conditions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-564-6 PY 2004 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAB60 UT WOS:000221477700012 ER PT S AU Wang, L Shi, H Chu, TG Zhang, WC Zhang, L AF Wang, L Shi, H Chu, TG Zhang, WC Zhang, L BE Webb, GI Yu, X TI Aggregation of foraging swarms SO AI 2004: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY DEC 04-06, 2004 CL Cent Queensland Univ, Cairns, AUSTRALIA HO Cent Queensland Univ ID DIMENSIONAL ASYNCHRONOUS SWARMS; STABILITY ANALYSIS AB In this paper, we consider an anisotropic swarm model with an attraction/repulsion function and study its aggregation properties. It is shown that the swarm members will aggregate and eventually form a cohesive cluster of finite size around the swarm center. We also study the swarm cohesiveness when the motion of each agent is a combination of the inter-individual interactions and the interaction of the agent with external environment. Moreover, we extend our results to more general attraction/repulsion functions. The model in this paper is more general than isotropic swarms and our results provide further insight into the effect of the interaction pattern on individual motion in a swarm system. C1 Peking Univ, Intelligent Control Lab, Ctr Syst & Control, Dept Mech & Engn Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Automat Dept, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Intelligent Control Lab, Ctr Syst & Control, Dept Mech & Engn Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM longwang@pku.edu.cn; hongshi@pku.edu.cn; chutg@pku.edu.cn; weicunzhang@263.net; linzhang@yahoo.com RI Chu, Tianguang/C-3521-2012; Wang, Long/A-7798-2010 NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24059-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 3339 BP 766 EP 777 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBM32 UT WOS:000226133600066 ER PT S AU von Berg, DCL Lee, JN Kruer, MR Duncan, MD Olchowski, FM Allman, E Howard, G AF von Berg, DCL Lee, JN Kruer, MR Duncan, MD Olchowski, FM Allman, E Howard, G BE Andraitis, AA Leygraaf, GJ TI Airborne net-centric multi-INT sensor control, display, fusion, and exploitation systems SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Raconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE net-centric; multi-INT; intelligence; surveillance; reconnaissance; fusion; exploitation ID PROGRAM AB The NRL Optical Sciences Division has initiated a multi-year effort to develop and demonstrate an airborne net-centric suite of multi-intelligence (multi-INT) sensors and exploitation systems for real-time target detection and targeting product dissemination. The goal of this Net-centric Multi-Intelligence Fusion Targeting Initiative (NCMIFTI) is to develop an airborne real-time intelligence gathering and targeting system that can be used to detect concealed, camouflaged, and mobile targets. The multi-INT sensor suite will include high-resolution visible/infrared (EO/IR) dual-band cameras, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors in the visible-to-near infrared, short-wave and long-wave infrared (VNIR/SWIR/LWIR) bands, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), electronics intelligence sensors (ELINT), and off-board networked sensors. Other sensors are also being considered for inclusion in the suite to address unique target detection needs. Integrating a suite of multi-INT sensors on a single platform should optimize real-time fusion of the on-board sensor streams, thereby improving the detection probability and reducing the false alarms that occur in reconnaissance systems that use single-sensor types on separate platforms, or that use independent target detection algorithms on multiple sensors. In addition to the integration and fusion of the multi-INT sensors, the effort is establishing an open-systems net-centric architecture that will provide a modular "plug and play" capability for additional sensors and system components and provide distributed connectivity to multiple sites for remote system control and exploitation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP von Berg, DCL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5660,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5332-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5409 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.554324 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX89 UT WOS:000224144900013 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J AF Gillis, D Bowles, J BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Error analysis in hyperspectral unmixing SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; unmixing; linear mixing model; error analysis ID IMAGERY; ALGORITHM AB The estimation of abundance coefficients, or unmixing, of hyperspectral data is important in a wide variety of applications. Assuming the major constituents, or endmembers, of a scene are known, the unmixing problem is relatively straightforward and easily solved using least-squares techniques. What is less well understood, however, is how error in the original data affects the final solution. This error generally takes two forms: measurement error introduced by the sensor, and modeling error that arises from the assumption of linear mixing. In this paper, we investigate how the unmixing process propagates error that arises from sensor noise. In particular, we derive statistical bounds on how much error can be expected in the estimation of abundance coefficients due to measurement error. We also discuss how this error may affect post-processing algorithms such as subpixel target detection.. and consider ways to validate the noise model through the use of residuals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.542501 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600004 ER PT S AU Schaum, A Stocker, A AF Schaum, A Stocker, A BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral change detection and supervised matched filtering based on Covariance Equalization SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE matched filtering; change detection; signature evolution; covariance equalization AB For hyperspectral remote sensing, the physics-based transformation connecting two multivariate sets of spectral radiance data of the same scene collected at two disparate times is approximately linear (plus an offset). Generally, the covariance structures of two such data sets provide partial information about any linear transformation connecting them. The remaining unknown degrees of freedom of the transformation must be deduced from other statistics, or from a knowledge of the underlying phenomenology. Among all the possible transformations consistent with measured pairs of hyperspectral covariance structures, a particularly simple and accurate one has been found. This "rotation free" flavor of "Covariance Equalization" (CE) has led to a simplified signal processing architecture that has been implemented in a real time VNIR hyperspectral target detection system. This paper describes that architecture, presents detection performance results, and introduces a new algorithm for long-interval change detection, Matched Change Detection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.544026 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600007 ER PT S AU Olsen, RC Tso, B AF Olsen, RC Tso, B BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Multilook scene classification with spectral imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; MISR AB Scene classification using multiple views for an urban/rural scene was studied. Visible/Near Infrared (VNIR) imagery was acquired over Fresno, Ca, on July 13, 2003 using the 4-color Quickbird multi-spectral imager. Four scenes were acquired at view angles of +60, nadir, -45, and -60 degrees on a descending pass. Bi-directional reflectance function (BDRF) effects were present. Analysis was conducted at 10-meter spatial resolution. Variations in reflectance with view angle aided in the extraction of surface characteristics, and allowed for improved classification accuracy. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Olsen, RC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.543554 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600012 ER PT S AU Mares, AG Olsen, RC Lucey, PG AF Mares, AG Olsen, RC Lucey, PG BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI LWIR Spectral measurements of volcanic sulfur dioxide plumes SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB This work examines the process of detecting and quantifying volcanic SO2 plumes using the Airborne Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (AHI) developed by the University of Hawaii. AHI was flown over Pu'u'O'o Vent of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii to collect data on SO2 plumes. AHI is a LWIR pushbroom imager sensitive to the 7.5 - 11.5 mu region. Spectral analysis and mapping tools were used to identify and classify the SO2 plume in both radiance and emissive space. MODTRAN was used to model the radiance observed by the sensor as it looked to the ground through an SO2 plume. A spectral library of radiance profiles with varying ground surface temperatures and SO2 concentrations was developed, and the AHI data fitted to the varying model profiles. Reasonable values of SO2 emission were obtained. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mares, AG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.540949 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600025 ER PT S AU Borden, B AF Borden, B BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Radar scattering center localization by the variable projection method SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE variable projection method; radar Imaging; radar feature estimation ID NONLINEAR LEAST-SQUARES; RANGE PROFILES; RESOLUTION AB To many contemporary radar engineers the term "radar imaging" has come to be synonymous with "scattering center localization." Radar image-based target classification and identification. for example, is typically interpreted as a library look-up process in which the position and strength of target scattering centers is matched to a set of known template signatures. But the ability to accurately estimate scatterer position and strength is severely hampered by low image resolution and noise contamination. In addition, inverse synthetic aperture (such as polar reformatting) to assure adequate accuradar images often also require costly preprocessing steps accuracy. We describe a simple method, based on subspace fitting techniques, that can be applied to the position and strength estimation problem in this time-constrained and data-limited environment. The scheme is robust against noise corruption and allows for super-resolved estimates of all (or some) of the scatterers. Examples based on both real and synthetic data are presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Borden, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.541679 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100012 ER PT S AU Polis, CA Savage, RE AF Polis, CA Savage, RE BE Hoffman, NE VanHorne, JC TI Calming John Bartram's passion: Sweden's scientific certification of Philadelphia's botanist SO AMERICA'S CURIOUS BOTANIST: A TERCENTENNIAL REAPPRAISAL OF JOHN BARTRAM 1699-1777 SE MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Tercentennial Reappraisal of John Bartram 1699 -1777 Symposium CY MAY, 1999 CL Philadelphia, PA C1 USN, Histor Ctr, Navy Art Collect, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE, PO BOX 40227-5227, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0065-9738 BN 0-87169-249-X J9 MEM A PHILO PY 2004 BP 53 EP 66 PG 14 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA BBD99 UT WOS:000225083600005 ER PT B AU Fettweis, CJ AF Fettweis, Christopher J. BE Reveron, DS TI MILITARIZING DIPLOMACY: WARRIOR-DIPLOMATS AND THE FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS SO AMERICA'S VICEROYS: THE MILITARY AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fettweis, Christopher J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Fettweis, Christopher J.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Fettweis, CJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-7911-7 PY 2004 BP 47 EP 70 D2 10.1057/9781403979117 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BQB02 UT WOS:000280542500003 ER PT B AU Cook, DA AF Cook, Dean A. BE Reveron, DS TI US SOUTHERN COMMAND: GENERAL CHARLES E. WILHELM AND THE SHAPING OF US MILITARY ENGAGEMENT IN COLOMBIA, 1997-2000 SO AMERICA'S VICEROYS: THE MILITARY AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cook, Dean A.] USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cook, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-7911-7 PY 2004 BP 127 EP 162 D2 10.1057/9781403979117 PG 36 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BQB02 UT WOS:000280542500006 ER PT B AU Wrage, SD AF Wrage, Stephen D. BE Reveron, DS TI US COMBATANT COMMANDER: THE MAN IN THE MIDDLE SO AMERICA'S VICEROYS: THE MILITARY AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wrage, Stephen D.] Georgetown Univ, Sch Foreign Serv, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Wrage, SD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4039-7911-7 PY 2004 BP 185 EP 202 D2 10.1057/9781403979117 PG 18 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BQB02 UT WOS:000280542500008 ER PT J AU Lee, RL Hernandes-Andres, J AF Lee, RL Hernandes-Andres, J TI Virtual tunnels and green glass: The colors of common mirrors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB When a pair of common second-surface plane mirrors face each other, repeated mirror-to-mirror reflections form a virtual optical tunnel with some unusual properties. One property readily analyzed in a student experiment is that the color of objects becomes darker and greener the deeper we look into the mirror tunnel. This simple observation is both visually compelling and physically instructive: measuring and modeling a tunnel's colors requires students to blend colorimetry and spectrophotometry with a knowledge of how complex refractive indices and the Fresnel equations predict reflectance spectra of composite materials. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN Acad, Math & Sci Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Lee, RL (reprint author), USN Acad, Math & Sci Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1119/1.1615524 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 757PP UT WOS:000187570900012 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, DM TI Mass migrations to modern Latin America. SO AMERICAS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACAD AMER FRANCISCAN HIST PI WEST BETHESDA PA BOX 34440, WEST BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA SN 0003-1615 J9 AMERICAS JI Americas PD JAN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 3 BP 463 EP 464 DI 10.1353/tam.2004.0021 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 852UZ UT WOS:000223783500015 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Mauro, JM AF Medintz, IL Mauro, JM TI Use of a cyanine dye as a reporter probe in reagentless maltose sensors based on E-coli maltose binding protein SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE maltose binding protein; reagentless sensors; fluorescence; biosensor; cyanine dye; reporter probe ID BIOSENSORS; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN AB Reagentless bio-sensing proteins represent a promising technology being developed for sensitive chemical detection and analysis. The majority of these sensor proteins incorporate environmentally sensitive UV-excited fluorescent dyes as reporter probes. In this report, we describe conjugation of the commercially available visible wavelength-excitable polymethine cyanine dye Cy3 (lambda(max) abs = 556 nm; lambda(max) em = 567 nm) to several single-cysteine variants of maltose binding protein (MBP), followed by evaluation of each of these labeled proteins as potential reagentless sensors for maltose. Four of six MBP variants labeled with the Cy3 probe functioned successfully in a homogenous reagentless sensing mode, and yielded maltose dissociation constants ranging from 74 muM to 3.8 mM. Cy3 and other cyanine dye derivatives may be useful as long-wavelength excitable reporter groups in other reagentless sensor designs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1081/AL-120027785 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 801OU UT WOS:000220106000002 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Hartline, EL Montoya, DP Gilardi, R AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Hartline, EL Montoya, DP Gilardi, R TI Polyazido high-nitrogen compounds: Hydrazo- and azo-1,3,5-triazine SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; explosives; heat of formation; high energy-density materials (HEDM); nitrogen ID STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ENERGETIC MATERIAL; AZIDE; TE(N-3)(4) C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Dynam Expt Div, DX-2,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov; hiskey@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 191 Z9 222 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 37 BP 4924 EP 4928 DI 10.1002/anie.200460366 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 857TE UT WOS:000224140400022 PM 15372562 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Archuleta, JG Roemer, EL Gilardi, R AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Archuleta, JG Roemer, EL Gilardi, R TI 3,6-di(azido)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: A precursor for the preparation of carbon nanospheres and nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; carbon; nanostructures; nitrides; nitrogen ID MESOPHASE PITCH; CELL ATTACHMENT; MICROBEADS; DERIVATIVES; GRAPHITE; COATINGS; FIBER; NAPHTHALENE; DEPOSITION; TRIAZINE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Mat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Mat Dynam Grp, POB 1663,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov; hiskey@lanl.gov NR 51 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 42 BP 5658 EP 5661 DI 10.1002/anie.200460708 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 867JP UT WOS:000224839200020 PM 15495210 ER PT J AU Savin, S Zelenyi, L Romanov, S Sandahl, I Pickett, J Amata, E Avanov, L Blecki, J Budnik, E Buchner, J Cattell, C Consolini, G Fedder, J Fuselier, S Kawano, H Klimov, S Korepanov, V Lagoutte, D Marcucci, F Mogilevsky, M Nemecek, Z Nikutowski, B Nozdrachev, M Parrot, M Rauch, JL Romanov, V Romantsova, T Russell, CT Safrankova, J Sauvaud, JA Skalsky, A Smirnov, V Stasiewicz, K Trotignon, JG Yermolaev, Y AF Savin, S Zelenyi, L Romanov, S Sandahl, I Pickett, J Amata, E Avanov, L Blecki, J Budnik, E Buchner, J Cattell, C Consolini, G Fedder, J Fuselier, S Kawano, H Klimov, S Korepanov, V Lagoutte, D Marcucci, F Mogilevsky, M Nemecek, Z Nikutowski, B Nozdrachev, M Parrot, M Rauch, JL Romanov, V Romantsova, T Russell, CT Safrankova, J Sauvaud, JA Skalsky, A Smirnov, V Stasiewicz, K Trotignon, JG Yermolaev, Y TI Magnetosheath-cusp interface SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; space plasma physics; turbulence; nonlinear phenomena ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; POLAR CUSP; PLASMA-WAVES; RECONNECTION; INTERBALL; SPACECRAFT; SHAPE AB We advance the achievements of Interball-1 and other contemporary missions in exploration of the magnetosheath-cusp interface. Extensive discussion of published results is accompanied by presentation of new data from a case study and a comparison of those data within the broader context of three-year magnetopause (MP) crossings by Interball-1. Multi-spacecraft boundary layer studies reveal that in similar to80% of the cases the interaction of the magnetosheath (MSH) flow with the high latitude MP produces a layer containing strong nonlinear turbulence, called the turbulent boundary layer (TBL). The TBL contains wave trains with flows at approximately the Alfven speed along field lines and "diamagnetic bubbles" with small magnetic fields inside. A comparison of the multi-point measurements obtained on 29 May 1996 with a global MHD model indicates that three types of populating processes should be operative: small-scale (few hundred km) bursty reconnection of fluctuating magnetic fields, representing a continuous mechanism for MSH plasma inflow into the magnetosphere, which could dominate in quasi-steady cases. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. Lviv Ctr Space Res, Lvov, Ukraine. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Lab Phys Chem Environm, Orleans, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-01237 Warsaw, Poland. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. CNR, Interplanetary Space Phys Inst, Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. RP Savin, S (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Profsoyuznaya 84-32, Moscow 117810, Russia. EM ssavin@iki.rssi.ru RI Buechner, Joerg/B-1213-2009; OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 61 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 183 EP 212 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 779BX UT WOS:000189276700015 ER PT J AU Platino, M Inan, US Bell, TF Pickett, J Kennedy, EJ Trotignon, JG Rauch, JL Canu, P AF Platino, M Inan, US Bell, TF Pickett, J Kennedy, EJ Trotignon, JG Rauch, JL Canu, P TI Cluster observations of ELF/VLF signals generated by modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF transmitter SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Multipoint Measurements in Space CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Orleans, FRANCE DE magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; radio science; radio wave propagation; space plasma physics; active perturbation experiments ID POLAR ELECTROJET ANTENNA; COHERENT VLF WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RELAXATION SOUNDER; PLASMA; ELF; MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITY; SCATTERING; RADIATION AB It is now well known that amplitude modulated HF transmissions into the ionosphere can be used to generate ELF/VLF signals using the so-called "electrojet antenna". Although most observations of the generated ELF/VLF signals have been made on the ground, several low and high-altitude satellite observations have also been reported (James et al., 1990). One of the important unknowns in the physics of ELF/VLF wave generation by ionospheric heating is the volume of the magnetosphere illuminated by the ELF/VLF waves. In an attempt to investigate this question further, ground-satellite conjunction experiments have recently been conducted using the four Cluster satellites and the HF heater of the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Gakona, Alaska. Being located on largely closed field lines at L approximate to 4.9, HAARP is currently also being used for ground-to-ground type of ELF/VLF wave-injection experiments, and will be increasingly used for this purpose as it is now being upgraded for higher power operation. In this paper, we describe the HAARP installation and present recent results of the HAARP-Cluster experiments. We give an overview of the detected ELF/VLF signals at Cluster, and a possible explanation of the spectral signature detected, as well as the determination of the location of the point of injection of the HAARP ELF/VLF signals into the magnetosphere using ray tracing. C1 Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. Univ Versailles, CNRS, Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. RP Platino, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM platinom@stanford.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2643 EP 2653 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850NW UT WOS:000223620300036 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Ledvina, BM Kelley, MC Kintner, PM AF Makela, JJ Ledvina, BM Kelley, MC Kintner, PM TI Analysis of the seasonal variations of equatorial plasma bubble occurrence observed from Haleakala, Hawaii SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; instruments and techniques ID TROPICAL F-REGION; ALL-SKY IMAGES; SPREAD-F; AIRGLOW OBSERVATIONS; PEDERSEN CONDUCTIVITY; NIGHTGLOW; IRREGULARITIES; SCINTILLATIONS; IONOSPHERE; DEPLETIONS AB Over 300 nights of airglow and GPS scintillation data collected between January 2002 and August 2003 (a period near solar maximum) from the Haleakala Volcano, Hawaii are analyzed to obtain the seasonal trends for the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles in the Pacific sector (203degrees E). A maximum probability for bubble development is seen in the data in April (45%) and September (83%). A broad maximum of occurrence is seen in the data from June to October (62%). Many of the bubbles observed from June through August occur later in the evening, and, as seen in the optical data, tend to be "fossilized." This suggests that the active growth region during these months is to the west of the observing location. These seasonal trends are consistent with previous data sets obtained both from other ground-based and satellite studies of the occurrence of equatorial bubbles in the Pacific sector. However, our data suggests a much greater probability of bubble occurrence than is seen in other data sets. with bubbles observed on over 40% of the nights studied. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Makela, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jmakela@ssd5.arl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3109 EP 3121 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864NH UT WOS:000224639700005 ER PT J AU Stephan, AW Dymond, KF Budzien, SA McCoy, RP AF Stephan, AW Dymond, KF Budzien, SA McCoy, RP TI Middle ultraviolet remote sensing of the equatorial thermosphere during a geomagnetic storm SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric composition and structure; thermosphere-composition and chemistry; airglow and aurora; magnetospheric physics; storms and substorms ID ATOMIC OXYGEN; DAYSIDE THERMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC STORM; LOW LATITUDES; FUV DAYGLOW; ATMOSPHERE; AIRGLOW; EXCITATION; O/N-2 AB We present measurements of the equatorial middle ultraviolet airglow taken during the week of 21-28 May 2000, including a strong geomagnetic storm on 24 May. Limb spectra were taken by the Ionospheric Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Chemistry (ISAAC) experiment on the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). O II lines near 247.0 nm and N II lines near 214.3 nm provide a measure of thermospheric O and N-2 changes, respectively. Our results show increases in airglow brightness of both emissions during the storm that we interpret as increases in the concentrations of both species, but the ratio of intensities that correspond to O/N-2 is lower than expected during and after the storm. We also invert the emission profiles using discrete inverse theory, to obtain a measure of thermospheric neutral temperatures during this time. Although temperatures increase after the main phase of the storm, the increases do not correlate with the observed features in the intensity ratio. These data could be explained by vertical winds and tides modifying the equatorial neutral composition during storms, in addition to common heating responses. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.stephan@nrl.navy.mil OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 3203 EP 3209 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864NH UT WOS:000224639700013 ER PT J AU Youssef, FG El-Sakka, H Azab, A Eloun, S Chapman, GD Ismail, T Mansour, H Hallaj, Z Mahoney, F AF Youssef, FG El-Sakka, H Azab, A Eloun, S Chapman, GD Ismail, T Mansour, H Hallaj, Z Mahoney, F TI Etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis among children in Egypt SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute bacterial meningitis; antimicrobial susceptibility; epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in young children ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; SAUDI-ARABIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; ISRAEL; NATIONWIDE; INFECTIONS AB PURPOSE: Surveillance for patients with meningitis is a high priority in order to determine the etiology of disease and design prevention strategies. This study presents data on the causes of bacterial meningitis among children < 6 years of age treated in a network of hospitals throughout Egypt. METHODS: Training was provided to standardize the collection of clinical information and optimize recovery of bacterial pathogens. Bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance patterns using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion, E-test and/or Beta-lactamase (BL) testing methods. RESULTS: Patients with culture-confirmed bacterial meningitis (228 children < 6 years) were identified including 89 (39%) patients with H. influenzae (HI), 68 (30%) with Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), 30 (13%) with N. meningitidis (NM), 18 (8%) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and 23 (10%) with other bacteria. The overall case fatality ratio was high (24%) and increased among children with TB meningitis (56%). The susceptibility for HI to ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (C) and ceftriaxone (CRO) was 21%, 13%, and 100% respectively. The susceptibility for SP to C and CRO was 79% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HI and SP are the leading causes of bacterial meningitis among children in Egypt. The majority of HI strains tested were resistant to AMP or C suggesting the need for routine use of CRO as first line therapy. Among older children TB emerges as a significant cause of bacterial meningitis in Egypt. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. RP Youssef, FG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00075-9 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 755WR UT WOS:000187434900007 PM 14664779 ER PT S AU Romeu, J Ciccimaro, J Trinkle, J AF Romeu, J Ciccimaro, J Trinkle, J GP IEEE TI Measuring cost avoidance in the face of messy data SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2004 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 26-FEB 29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP SAE, IEEE, IIE, SLE, Soc Reliab Engineers, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc DE regression; non-parametric; confidence limits; heteroskedasticity; forecast AB This paper presents alternative methods to forecast or predict failure trends when the data violates the assumptions associated with least squares linear regression. Simulations based on actual case studies validated that least squares linear regression may provide a biased model in the presence of messy data. Non-parametric regression methods provide robust forecasting models less sensitive to non-constant variability, outliers, and small data sets. C1 Rehabil Anal Ctr, Rome, NY 13440 USA. USN, Interventory Control Point, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Adv Informat Engn Serv Inc, San Diego, CA 92108 USA. RP Romeu, J (reprint author), Rehabil Anal Ctr, 201 Mill St, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM jlromeu@syr.edu; joseph.ciccimaro@navy.mil; john.trinkle@verdian.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-8215-3 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2004 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2004.1285440 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BY64B UT WOS:000189427800027 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD AF Broutman, D Rottman, JW Eckermann, SD TI Ray methods for internal waves in the atmosphere and ocean SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE ray theory; caustics ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; INERTIAL WAVES; PART II; PROPAGATION; SHEAR; STRATOSPHERE AB We review the use of ray models for internal waves, particularly formulations for calculating wave amplitudes along the ray. These are expressed in spatial, wave number, and phase-space coordinates. The choice of formulation affects not only the difficulty of the calculations for rays and caustics but also the degree to which the waves satisfy slowly varying assumptions. We describe several examples taken from atmospheric and oceanic applications that illustrate the variety of options for ray models. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broutman, D (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM daveb@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; jrottman@ucsd.edu; eckerman@uap2.nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2004 VL 36 BP 233 EP 253 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122022 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 775LT UT WOS:000189042700011 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Herbel, MJ Blum, JS Langley, S Beveridge, TJ Ajayan, PM Sutto, T Ellis, AV Curran, S AF Oremland, RS Herbel, MJ Blum, JS Langley, S Beveridge, TJ Ajayan, PM Sutto, T Ellis, AV Curran, S TI Structural and spectral features of selenium nanospheres produced by se-respiring bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; SELENATE REDUCTION; THAUERA-SELENATIS; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SP NOV.; RESPIRATION; SEDIMENTS; NANOWIRES; TRANSFORMATIONS; SELENOCYSTEINE AB Certain anaerobic bacteria respire toxic selenium oxyanions and in doing so produce extracellular accumulations of elemental selenium [Se(0)]. We examined three physiologically and phyllogenetically diverse species of selenate and selenite-respiring bacteria, Sulfurospirillum barnesii, Bacillus selenitireducens, and Seleni halanaerobacter shriftii, for the occurrence of this phenomenon. When grown with selenium oxyanions as the electron acceptor, all of these organisms formed extracellular granules consisting of stable, uniform nanospheres (diameter, similar to300 mn) of Se(0) having monoclinic crystalline structures. Intracellular packets of Se(0) were also noted. The number of intracellular Se(0) packets could be reduced by first growing cells with nitrate as the electron acceptor and then adding selenite ions to washed suspensions of the nitrate-grown cells. This resulted in the formation of primarily extracellular Se nanospheres. After harvesting and cleansing of cellular debris, we observed large differences in the optical properties (UV-visible absorption and Raman spectra) of purified extracellular nanospheres produced in this manner by the three different bacterial species. The spectral properties in turn differed substantially from those of amorphous Se(0) formed by chemical oxidation of H2Se and of black, vitreous Se(0) formed chemically by reduction of selenite with ascorbate. The microbial synthesis of Se(0) nanospheres results in unique, complex, compacted nanostructural arrangements of Se atoms. These arrangements probably reflect a diversity of enzymes involved in the dissimilatory reduction that are subtly different in different microbes. Remarkably, these conditions cannot be achieved by current methods of chemical synthesis. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Guelph, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Chem Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov RI Ellis, Amanda/G-9019-2012; OI Ellis, Amanda/0000-0002-0053-5641 NR 44 TC 189 Z9 195 U1 10 U2 72 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.1.52-60.2004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763RY UT WOS:000188115300007 PM 14711625 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Shubin, YS Angel, R Ligler, FS AF Taitt, CR Shubin, YS Angel, R Ligler, FS TI Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by using a rapid, array-based immunosensor SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; REAL-TIME PCR; PIEZOELECTRIC IMMUNOSENSOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; ALFALFA SEEDS; FOOD SAMPLES AB The multianalyte array biosensor (MAAB) is a rapid analysis instrument capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. Rapid (15-min), single-analyte sandwich immunoassays were developed for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, with a detection limit of 8 X 10(4) CFU/ml; the limit of detection was improved 10-fold by lengthening the assay protocol to 1 h. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was also detected in the following spiked foodstuffs, with minimal sample preparation: sausage, cantaloupe, whole liquid egg, alfalfa sprouts, and chicken carcass rinse. Cross-reactivity tests were performed with Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni. To determine whether the MAAB has potential as a screening tool for the diagnosis of asymptomatic Salmonella infection of poultry, chicken excretal samples from a private, noncommercial farm and from university poultry facilities were tested. While the private farm excreta gave rise to signals significantly above the buffer blanks, none of the university samples tested positive for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium without spiking; dose-response curves of spiked excretal samples from university-raised poultry gave limits of detection of 8 x 10(3) CFU/g. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Poultry Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 72 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.1.152-158.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763RY UT WOS:000188115300019 PM 14711637 ER PT S AU Fletcher, WH AF Fletcher, WH BE Connor, U Upton, TA TI Making the web more useful as a source for linguistic corpora SO APPLIED CORPUS LINGUISTICS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE LANGUAGE AND COMPUTERS : STUDIES IN PRACTICAL LINGUISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North American Symposium on Corpus Linguistics and LanguageTeaching CY NOV 01-02, 2002 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Assoc Appl Corpus Linguist, Indiana Ctr Int Commun AB Both as a corpus and as a source of texts for corpora the Web offers significant benefits in its virtually comprehensive coverage of major languages, content domains and written text types, yet its usefulness is limited by the generally unknown origin and reliability of online texts and by the sheer amount of "noise" on the Web. This paper describes and evaluates linguistic methods and computing tools to identify representative documents efficiently. To test these methods, a pilot corpus of 11,201 online documents in English was compiled. "Noise filtering" techniques based on n-grams helped eliminate both virtually identical and highly repetitive documents. Individual review of the remaining unique texts revealed that Web pages under 5 KB or over 200 KB tend to have a lower "signal to noise" ratio and therefore can be excluded a priori to reduce unproductive downloads. This paper also compares a selection of these web texts (4,949 documents totaling 5.25 million tokens) with the written texts from the British National Corpus (BNC) to assess their similarity. Generally, both corpora are quite similar, but important differences are outlined. With judicious selection Web pages provide representative language samples, often prove more useful than off-the-shelf corpora for special information needs, and complement and verify data from traditional corpora. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITIONS RODOPI B V PI AMSTERDAM PA TIJNMUIDEN 7, 1046 AK AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-5034 BN 90-420-1922-0 J9 LANG COMPUT PY 2004 IS 52 BP 191 EP 205 PG 15 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BBD32 UT WOS:000225004600010 ER PT J AU Buess, ML Caulder, SM AF Buess, ML Caulder, SM TI Factors affecting the NQR line width in nitramine explosives SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE-RESONANCE; MOTION AB A number of factors associated with crystal quality contribute to the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) line width. Imperfections such as dislocations, voids, strain and impurities can be electrical sources that distort the electric field gradient at nearby quadrupolar nuclei and broaden the observed NQR line. We measured the N-14 NQR line widths in powdered samples of the nitramine explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane and show correlations with sample purity, particle size distribution and density. Cast plastic-bonded explosives containing either RDX or HMX were also studied and their line widths compared with those of the powdered samples. C1 SFA, Adv Technol Div, Largo, MD USA. USN, Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. RP Buess, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6122, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1007/BF03166536 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 812XK UT WOS:000220872000004 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Garroway, AN AF Miller, JB Garroway, AN TI Applications of adiabatic half passage to NQR SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; NMR; EXCITATION; INVERSION; PULSES; BIR-4 AB The application of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) to the detection of materials can be hampered by the low sensitivity of the technique. The use of surface coils for remote detection only exacerbates this problem. In this paper we demonstrate the advantages of adiabatic half passage (AHP) for NQR detection of I = 1 spins in powder samples. Under optimal conditions, AHP provides a 15% sensitivity enhancement over traditional optimized, pulsed excitation. AHP excitation is independent of omega(1) over more than an order of magnitude variation in radio-frequency (rf) field strength, and can provide up to a factor of two or more sensitivity enhancement over traditional pulsed excitation in inhomogeneous rf magnetic fields, In pulsed spin-locking-type experiments, AHP as a prepulse can provide near constant signal amplitude over a factor of two variation in rf magnetic field strength. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1007/BF03166542 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 812XK UT WOS:000220872000010 ER PT J AU Sauer, KL Klug, CA Miller, JB Garroway, AN AF Sauer, KL Klug, CA Miller, JB Garroway, AN TI Using quaternions to design composite pulses for spin-1 NQR SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; PURE NQR; NUMERICAL DESIGN; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; POWDERS; NMR; ROTATIONS AB The fictitious spin-1/2 operators are well known to describe the evolution of a pure nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) system; particularly, the application of a radio-frequency pulse at one of the NQR transition frequencies is equivalent to a three-dimensional rotation in a space defined by the corresponding fictitious spin-1/2 operators. We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that consecutive noncommuting rotations applied at the same transition frequency are well described by a single rotation given by quaternion parameterization of the rotations in fictitious spin-1/2 operator space. This new route could greatly save computing time and efforts. We extend this approach to design composite pulses that compensate for the effects of the radio-frequency field inhomogeneity for a powder sample of spin-1 nuclei. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sauer, KL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 485 EP 500 DI 10.1007/BF03166543 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 812XK UT WOS:000220872000011 ER PT J AU Liang, SX Puett, JF Luqi AF Liang, SX Puett, JF Luqi TI Quantifiable software architecture for dependable systems of systems SO ARCHITECTING DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS II SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Software architecture is a critical aspect in the successful development and evolution of dependable systems of systems (DSoS), because it provides artifactual loci around which engineers can reason, construct, and evolve the software design to provide robustness and resilience. Quantifiably architecting DSoS involves establishing a consensus of attributes of dependability (from different stakeholders' perspectives) and translating them into quantifiable constraints. Unfortunately, there are few established approaches for quantifiably architecting such systems with dependability concerns considered at the architectural level. This paper presents a quantifiable architectural approach for evolving hybrid systems into DSoS so that the attributes of dependability can be justifiably translated into constraints and attached to architectural artifacts. Furthermore, it provides a means of quantitatively assessing these characteristics throughout the DSoS development/evolution process. Basically, this approach strengthens system composition in combination with explicit architecting and quantifiable constraints attached to the subsequent artifacts so as to improve the dependability of the intended systems through design inspection via static checking at the architectural level and dynamic monitoring at runtime. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Liang, SX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM xliang@nps.navy.mil; joseph.puett@us.army.mil; luqi@nps.navy.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3069 BP 241 EP 265 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBV23 UT WOS:000228007400011 ER PT S AU Ringeisen, BR Barron, JA Spargo, BJ AF Ringeisen, BR Barron, JA Spargo, BJ BE Wong, JY Plant, AL Schmidt, CE Shea, L Coury, AJ Chen, CS Barron, AE Klok, HA Saltzman, WM Chilkoti,A Luo, D Uhrich, K TI Novel seeding mechanisms to form multilayer heterogeneous cell constructs SO ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Architecture and Application of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID BIOMATERIALS; STRESS AB Methods to print living mammalian cells into layers of tissue scaffolding are gaining momentum as novel alternatives to traditional cell seeding techniques. One Such method, termed BioLP(TM) for biological laser printing, is a technique capable of precisely embedding patterns of cells into three-dimensional tissue scaffolds. The resolution Of this Cell seeding apparatus is controlled by the size and energy of a focused laser pulse and has the demonstrated ability to print single cells onto a substrate. Studies show that the cells embedded into scaffolding layers by BioLP retain 100% viability, are able to differentiate, and maintain normal genotype and phenotype. By placing different cell types at defined locations throughout a multi-layer scaffold and by controlling the physical and chemical characteristics of the non-cellular construct (porosity, channeling, multi-material scaffolding), BioLP enables unique tissue engineering studies to be performed. We will discuss our experiments using BioLP to print cells into multilayer hydrogels, including determination of levels of damage to cells during the printing process and cell viability is a function of time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-745-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 1 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAB22 UT WOS:000221434200022 ER PT S AU Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Malanoski, AP Schnur, AJM AF Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Malanoski, AP Schnur, AJM BE Wong, JY Plant, AL Schmidt, CE Shea, L Coury, AJ Chen, CS Barron, AE Klok, HA Saltzman, WM Chilkoti,A Luo, D Uhrich, K TI Mesoscale simulation studies of chiral self-assembly SO ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Architecture and Application of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID HELICAL RIBBONS; TETHERED SURFACES; TUBULES; GELS AB Under the right temperature and concentration conditions, amphiphilic lipids in solution self-assemble to form chiral supramolecular aggregates including tubules and twisted or helical bilayer ribbons. Shape selection during self-assembly is driven by the interplay of elasticity and chirality, and by solution properties including hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. We develop an efficient mesoscale simulation technique to model the growth of a chiral bilayer ribbon, enabling us to explore systematically the shape selection process as a function of the membrane's elastic and chiral properties. We find that small changes in either stretch or bend elastic moduli drive transitions in aggregate morphology. and that a change in the tilt direction-but not the chiral nature-of the bilayer can reverse the handedness of the aggregate. [Details of this extended abstract can he found in a preprint at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0312207.] C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Selinger, RLB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-745-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 1 BP 317 EP 319 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAB22 UT WOS:000221434200063 ER PT J AU Pollack, JD AF Pollack, JD TI The United States and Asia in 2003 - All quiet on the eastern front? SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article AB U.S.-Asian relations in 2003 appeared on the cusp of major change. The Bush administration (preoccupied by far more pressing challenges in the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia) sought to deflect potential crises in Korea and the Taiwan Strait, while also hoping to tether regional states to the new American security agenda. Although nearly all Asian states voiced assent for U.S. efforts to counter international terrorism, this support often reflected practical realities, not a deeper congruence of interests with Washington's. The path ahead for the United States in Asia remained unsettled, with crises deferred rather than resolved. C1 USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dev, Asia Pacific Studies Grp, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Pollack, JD (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dev, Asia Pacific Studies Grp, Newport, RI 02840 USA. EM pollackj@nwc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1525/as.2004.44.1.1 PG 13 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 800ZI UT WOS:000220065800001 ER PT J AU Lane, WM Clarke, TE Taylor, GB Perley, RA Kassim, NE AF Lane, WM Clarke, TE Taylor, GB Perley, RA Kassim, NE TI Hydra a at low radio frequencies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : individual (Abell 780); galaxies : individual (3C 218); galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID GALAXY HYDRA; 3C 218; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; A CLUSTER; JETS; DEPOLARIZATION; CHANDRA; FIELDS AB We present new, low-frequency images of the powerful FR I radio galaxy Hydra A (3C 218). Images were made with the Very Large Array at frequencies of 1415, 330, and 74 MHz, with resolutions on the order of 20". The morphology of the source is seen to be more complex and even larger than previously known and extends nearly 8' (530 kpc) in a north-south direction. The southern lobe is bent to the east and extends in that direction for nearly 3' (200 kpc). In addition, we find that the northern lobe has a flatter spectral slope than the southern lobe, consistent with the appearance of greater confinement to the south. We measure overall spectral indices alpha(74)(330)=-0.83 and alpha(330)(1415)=-0.89. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wendy.lane@nrl.navy.mil; tclarke@virginia.edu; gtaylor@nrao.edu; rperley@nrao.edu; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1086/379858 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300005 ER PT J AU Brogan, CL Devine, KE Lazio, TJ Kassim, NE Tam, CR Brisken, WF Dyer, KK Roberts, MSE AF Brogan, CL Devine, KE Lazio, TJ Kassim, NE Tam, CR Brisken, WF Dyer, KK Roberts, MSE TI A low-frequency survey of the Galactic plane near l=11 degrees: Discovery of three new supernova remnants SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : disk; ISM : general; ISM : structure; radio continuum; supernova remnants ID H-II REGIONS; RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES; DENSITY IONIZED-GAS; INNER GALAXY; G11.2-0.3; PULSAR; CONTINUUM; MHZ; CATALOG; ASCA AB We have imaged a similar to1 deg(2) field centered on the known Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G11.2-0.3 at 74, 330, and 1465 MHz with the Very Large Array radio telescope and 235 MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The 235, 330, and 1465 MHz data have a resolution of 2500, while the 74 MHz data have a resolution of similar to100". The addition of this low-frequency data has allowed us to confirm the previously reported low-frequency turnover in the radio continuum spectra of the two known SNRs in the field, G11.2-0.3 and G11.4-0.1, with unprecedented precision. Such low-frequency turnovers are believed to arise from free-free absorption in ionized thermal gas along the lines of sight to the SNRs. Our data suggest that the 74 MHz optical depths of the absorbing gas is 0.56 and 1.1 for G11.2-0.3 and G11.4-0.1, respectively. In addition to adding much needed low-frequency integrated flux measurements for two known SNRs, we have also detected three new SNRs: G11.15-0.71, G11.03-0.05, and G11.18+0.11. These new SNRs have integrated spectral indices between -0.44 and -0.80. Because of confusion with thermal sources, the high resolution (compared with previous Galactic radio frequency surveys) and surface brightness sensitivity of our observations have been essential to the identification of these new SNRs. With this study we have more than doubled the number of SNRs within just a similar to1 deg(2) field of view in the inner Galactic plane. This result suggests that future low-frequency observations of the Galactic plane of similar quality may go a long way toward alleviating the long-recognized incompleteness of Galactic SNR catalogs. C1 Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cbrogan@ifa.hawaii.edu; devine@astro.wisc.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; tamc@physics.mcgill.ca; wbrisken@aoc.nrao.edu; kdyer@aoc.nrao.edu; roberts@physics.mcgill.ca NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1086/379856 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300027 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Pascu, D Urban, SE Hall, DM Hennessy, GS Rafferty, TJ Flagg, L Kang, D Ries, P Holdenried, E AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Pascu, D Urban, SE Hall, DM Hennessy, GS Rafferty, TJ Flagg, L Kang, D Ries, P Holdenried, E TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. IX. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; 20 VISUAL BINARIES; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; MULTIPLE SYSTEM; CD-ROM; ELEMENTS; PARALLAX; MASSES; PAIRS AB The results of 3056 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over a thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1675 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0."19 to 45."21, with a median separation of 2."99. This is the ninth in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this system and covers the period 2002 January 1 through 2002 December 29. Included in these data are 28 older measures whose positions were previously deemed possibly aberrant but are no longer classified this way following a confirming observation. Nine of these systems have new orbital elements, which are presented here as well. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil OI Urban, Sean/0000-0003-3280-6693 NR 115 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1086/379964 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300045 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Boroski, B Adelman-McCarthy, J Yanny, B Kent, S Stoughton, C Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Rockosi, CM Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Richards, GT Eisenstein, D Nicinski, T Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Newman, PR Snedden, S Thakar, AR Szalay, A Munn, JA Smith, JA Tucker, D Lee, BC AF Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Boroski, B Adelman-McCarthy, J Yanny, B Kent, S Stoughton, C Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Rockosi, CM Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Richards, GT Eisenstein, D Nicinski, T Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Newman, PR Snedden, S Thakar, AR Szalay, A Munn, JA Smith, JA Tucker, D Lee, BC TI SDSS data management and photometric quality assessment SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE surveys; techniques; photometric; methods; data analysis; stars; fundamental parameters; stars; statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; GALAXY SAMPLE; SYSTEM AB We summarize the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data acquisition and processing steps, and describe runQA, a pipeline designed for automated data quality assessment. In particular, we show how the position of the stellar locus in color-color diagrams can be used to estimate the accuracy of photometric zeropoint calibration to better than 0.01 mag in 0.03 deg(2) patches. Using this method, we estimate that typical photometric zeropoint calibration errors for SDSS imaging data are not larger than similar to0.01 mag in the g, r, and i bands, 0.02 mag in the z band, and 0.03 mag in the u band (root-mean-scatter for zeropoint offsets). C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ivezic@astro.princeton.edu RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 24 TC 397 Z9 399 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1002/asna.200410285 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700028 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N AF Zacharias, N TI Astrometric reference stars: from UCAC to URAT SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE astrometry; sky surveys; instrumentation; robotic telescopes ID CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG AB Currently available astrometric catalogs will be reviewed, and instrumentation and observational issues discussed, particularly systematic errors and their control. The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) is an all-sky astrometric survey to 16th magnitude. It was observed with a semi-automated telescope on a low budget. The second data release (July 2003) contains positions, proper motions, and photometry for over 48 million stars; the final release is expected in 2006. Design studies have been performed for a new 0.9-meter aperture USNO Robotic Astrometric Telescope (URAT) with a single chip ( greater than or equal to 100 Mpixel), 3 degree FOV and circular symmetric pupil. Its operation is envisioned to be fully automatic, generating stellar positions on the 5 to 10 mas level to at least 18th magnitude with a limiting magnitude of about 20 to 21. These reference stars, being on an inertial system (linked to quasars), will be very beneficial for LSST, PanSTARRS and other projects. With a few years of observing, absolute trigonometric parallaxes (5-20 mas, depending on magnitude) could be obtained for all stars accessible by URAT from an initially southern hemisphere location. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Mass Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.1002/asna.200410299 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700038 ER PT J AU Hodapp, KW Kaiser, N Aussel, H Burgett, W Chambers, KC Chun, M Dombeck, T Douglas, A Hafner, D Heasley, J Hoblitt, J Hude, C Isani, S Jedicke, R Jewitt, D Laux, U Luppino, GA Lupton, R Maberry, M Magnier, E Mannery, E Monet, D Morgan, J Onaka, P Price, P Ryan, A Siegmund, W Szapudi, I Tonry, J Wainscoat, R Waterson, M AF Hodapp, KW Kaiser, N Aussel, H Burgett, W Chambers, KC Chun, M Dombeck, T Douglas, A Hafner, D Heasley, J Hoblitt, J Hude, C Isani, S Jedicke, R Jewitt, D Laux, U Luppino, GA Lupton, R Maberry, M Magnier, E Mannery, E Monet, D Morgan, J Onaka, P Price, P Ryan, A Siegmund, W Szapudi, I Tonry, J Wainscoat, R Waterson, M TI Design of the Pan-STARRS telescopes SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE survey telescope; optical design ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY AB Pan-STARRS, the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System, is a project by the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, to first develop a single wide field synoptic survey telescope (Pan-STARRS-1) followed by a system of four such telescopes. It is designed to accomplish many of the science goals envisioned by the Decadal Review for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The primary mission of Pan-STARRS is the detection of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHA), secondary science objectives are a (nearly) all-sky survey, a medium-deep survey, an ultra-deep survey, and studies of transients and variable objects. This paper presents the current status of the telescope system design, with emphasis on the optics. C1 Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Inst Astron, Kula, HI 96790 USA. Thuringer Landessterwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hodapp, KW (reprint author), Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM hodapp@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Waterson, Mark/B-7352-2013; OI Waterson, Mark/0000-0002-0192-2686; Chambers, Kenneth /0000-0001-6965-7789 NR 7 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1002/asna.200410300 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700039 ER PT J AU Hilton, JL Hohenkerk, CY AF Hilton, JL Hohenkerk, CY TI Rotation matrix from the mean dynamical equator and equinox at J2000.0 to the ICRS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ephemerides; reference systems ID FRAME AB Recommendation VII of Resolution A4 of the XXIst General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU 1992) states, in part, "... that the principal plane of the new conventional celestial reference system be as near as possible to the mean equator at J2000.0 and that the origin in this principal plane be as near as possible to the dynamical equinox of J2000.0,..." The resulting International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), however, has a small, but significant, offset requiring a rotation matrix. The solutions for the offset between the mean dynamical pole of the Earth at J2000.0 and the pole of the ICRS determined by Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) differ by several sigma. Similarly, two different definitions have traditionally been used for the position of the mean equinox. Which of these poles and equinoxes should be used is application dependent. We have shown how the rotation matrix for the rotation from the mean dynamical equator and equinox at J2000.0 to the ICRS changes depending on the various assumptions made in constructing it. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Her Majestys Naut Almanac Off, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Hilton, JL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 413 IS 2 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031552 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754WU UT WOS:000187356500033 ER PT J AU Mandrini, CH Demoulin, P Van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Green, LM Fuentes, MCL AF Mandrini, CH Demoulin, P Van Driel-Gesztelyi, L Green, LM Fuentes, MCL TI Magnetic helicity budget of solar-active regions from the photosphere to magnetic clouds SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Workshop on Basic Space Sciences CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL Cordoba, ARGENTINA SP Comis Nacl Actividades Espaciales, Ctr Espacial Teofilo Tabanera Falda Carmen, Govt Argentina DE Sun : corona; magnetic field; coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID INTERPLANETARY FLUX ROPES; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; STRATIFIED MEDIUM; EVOLUTION; FIELD; ROTATION; MOTIONS; ENERGY; TUBES; CME AB We have analyzed the long-term evolution of two active regions (ARs) from their emergence through their decay using observations from several instruments on board SoHO (MDI, EIT and LASCO) and Yohkoh/SXT. We have computed the evolution of the relative coronal magnetic helicity combining data from MDI and SXT with a linear force-free model of the coronal magnetic field. Next, we have computed the injection of helicity by surface differential rotation using MDI magnetic maps. To estimate the depletion of helicity we have counted all the CMEs of which these ARs have been the source, and we have evaluated their magnetic helicity assuming a one to one correspondence with magnetic clouds with an average helicity contain. When these three values ( variation of coronal magnetic helicity, injection by differential rotation and ejection via CMEs) are compared, we find that surface differential rotation is a minor contributor to the helicity budget since CMEs carry away at least 10 times more helicity than the one differential rotation can provide. Therefore, the magnetic helicity flux needed in the global balance should come from localized photospheric motions that, at least partially, reflect the emergence of twisted flux tubes. We estimate that the total helicity carried away in CMEs can be provided by the end-to-end helicity of the flux tubes forming these ARs. Therefore, we conclude that most of the helicity ejected in CMEs is generated below the photosphere and emerges with the magnetic flux. C1 Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, LESIA, CNRS, F-92195 Meudon, France. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Plasma Astrophys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. RP Mandrini, CH (reprint author), Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, CC 67 Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mandrini@iafe.uba.ar OI Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 290 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 344 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000032533.31817.0e PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 831QV UT WOS:000222211000009 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, MD McMillian, DJ AF Rosenthal, MD McMillian, DJ TI Hamstring strain rehabilitation: A functional stepwise approach for return to sports, Part II SO ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY LA English DT Article C1 Baylor Univ, USN, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Rosenthal, MD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USN, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1078-7895 J9 ATHLET THER TODAY JI Athlet. Ther. Today PD JAN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 763KZ UT WOS:000188085800015 ER PT S AU McCoy, RP Cleveland, JS Ferek, R AF McCoy, RP Cleveland, JS Ferek, R BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Naval hyperspectral remote sensing research for the oceans, atmosphere and space SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; remote sensing; ocean optics; infrared; ultraviolet ID WATER COLUMN; BATHYMETRY; BAHAMAS; IMAGER AB To meet Naval needs for sensing of the global environment, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) sponsor or carry out a variety of research programs using hyperspectral sensing. For ocean sensing, airborne and space-borne hyperspectral sensors are used to characterize the littoral environment with the aim of providing specification of ocean optical parameters including water clarity, diver visibility, bathymetty, bottom type and beach characterization. For the atmosphere, the Navy has interest in hyperspectral remote sensing from geosynchronous orbit. ONR interests include improved modeling of radiation transport in the atmosphere to infer high resolution profiles of wind, temperature and minor species and cloud characteristics. With sponsorship from Director Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E), ONR is managing a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) to provide new models for use with geosynchronous data. In partnership with NASA, NOAA and the Air Force, ONR is promoting the flight of the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer-Indian Ocean METOC Imager (GIFTS-IOMI) program to obtain hyperspectral atmospheric imagery with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. For the space environment, NRL has flown a suite of experimental ultraviolet hyperspectral sensors to determine altitude profiles of the ionospheric electron density and upper atmospheric neutral density. The High Resolution Airglow/Aurora Spectroscopy (HIRAAS) experiment on the ARGOS satellite provided a proof of concept for a future series of hyperspectral ultraviolet space weather sensors the first of which has recently been launch on a DMSP weather satellite. ONR is sponsoring the development of a multispectral ultraviolet imager to take this capability to geosynchronous orbit. C1 Off Naval Res, Ocean Atmospher & Space Dept, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP McCoy, RP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ocean Atmospher & Space Dept, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.559605 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600017 ER PT S AU Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Turk, FJ Lee, TF Kent, J Richardson, K Kuciauskas, A AF Miller, SD Hawkins, JD Turk, FJ Lee, TF Kent, J Richardson, K Kuciauskas, A BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI The mission support role played by MODIS during operation Iraqi freedom SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE Navy; MODIS; satellite; multispectral; dust; processing; webpage AB This paper chronicles the end-to-end data procurement, customized algorithm development and automated processing systems, product distribution, and ultimate user application of selected time-critical satellite meteorology applications developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in support of Department of Defense (DoD) assets during Operation Iraqi Freedom. In particular, a mechanism for obtaining high spatial/spectral resolution near real-time data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments found aboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua research platforms for operational support was developed through an inter-agency collaboration between the DoD, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Value-added (e.g., dust detection, convective cloud heights, snow/cloud and fire detection) products derived from these low-latency data were then hosted on secure Internet bandwidth via the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) operational portal. The MODIS products factored significantly into a wide range of operational requirements that included strike briefs, aircraft routing, ship navigation, sensor targeting and weapons selection. Included herein are dramatic excerpts from direct correspondence between NRL scientists and Naval Meteorology/Oceanography (METOC) officers aboard aircraft carriers deployed in the Arabian Gulf who were actively using these products to support their various mission requirements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1117/12.559836 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600025 ER PT S AU Kuciauskas, AP Lee, TF Durkee, PA Ledesma, R AF Kuciauskas, AP Lee, TF Durkee, PA Ledesma, R BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Multi-spectral satellite training for inexperienced Navy forecasters SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE Navy; AVHRR; MODIS; satellite; multispectral; dust; processing; webpage AB Recent advancements of meteorology and oceanography (METOC) satellite products has resulted from a surge in computing resources and expanded communications via the Internet. Greater tactical demands in military operations are placed on Navy and Marine METOC personnel to provide better atmospheric depictions and forecasts in support of helicopter, fighter jet and ground troop operations, as was experienced in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Unfortunately, US military weather forecasters are often limited in their abilities to provide state of the art products and forecasts. One reason for these inefficiencies are that oftentimes, daily forecasting tasks are left to non-commissioned personnel (e.g., AG's and ET's) who receive little or no classroom training in this area, nor are there continuing education/training available. METOC forecast centers vary greatly and might not have access to the appropriate information base to answer ongoing questions. Additionally, the typical tour of duty at a particular forecast center is 2 years, resulting in a stressful environment to bring new forecasters up to speed in demanding forecast operations. The result is that the user is often confined to image looping and basic image enhancements to convey the general environmental conditions over the region of interest. To facilitate the learning process, the Naval Research Laboratory and the Naval Postgraduate School have developed a 3 day intensive laboratory and lecture course in satellite remote sensing, focusing on topics vital to military operations such as smoke and fire detection, coastal maritime layer analysis, snow, fog, haze, tropical cyclones, hazardous wind conditions, etc. A wealth of satellite data is provided from MODIS, AVHRR, DMSP and Geostationary satellite data. Background satellite remote sensing topics such as radiative transfer theory is also presented. This report presents a sample of the material used within the training. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kuciauskas, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.560185 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600026 ER PT S AU McCoy, RP AF McCoy, RP BE Huang, HLA Bloom, HJ TI Space weather comes of age - New sensors and models for ionospheric specification and forecast SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION: AN END TO END SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE ionospheric remote sensing; assimilating models; ultraviolet remote sensing ID AIRGLOW; DENSITY; IMAGER AB Traditionally the ionosphere and thermosphere are considered "data-starved" regions of the atmosphere but recent experimental and operational optical satellite instruments and new techniques to exploit GPS and orbiting radio beacons are dramatically improving the situation. Similarly, new classes of assimilating ionospheric models are under development to exploit these data and provide a significantly improved capability to specify and forecast weather of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS), launched by the DoD Space Test Program in 1999 demonstrated ultraviolet remote sensing of the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere from limb sensors in low Earth orbit (LEO). Soon after, the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on the NASA TIMED satellite employed a similar capability using cross track ultraviolet remote sensing. The first of five sets of operational versions of both of these instruments, the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) and Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Imager (SSUSI), respectively, where launched aboard the first of the DMSP Block 5133 weather satellites in October of 2003. Radio frequency techniques for ionospheric remote sensing using ground-based dual frequency GPS receivers and GPS occultation receivers on LEO satellites are making a significant contribution to the global ionospheric database. In 2005, the launch of a constellation of six satellites called the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) will provide ionospheric measurements using GPS occultation receivers ultraviolet photometers and dual frequency UHF radio beacons. The latter will allow tomographic ionospheric reconstructions using ground-based receivers. These and other data will be used to drive the Global Assimilations of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model to dramatically improved current modeling and forecast capabilities for the global thermosphere and ionosphere. More innovations are under development in the form of long-dwell, high temporal and spatial resolution measurements of the ionosphere from geosynchronous orbit using the Ionospheric Mapping and Geocoronal Experiment (IMAGER). IMAGER will provide GOES-like monitoring of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere. C1 Off Naval Res, Ocean Atmosphere & Space Dept, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP McCoy, RP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ocean Atmosphere & Space Dept, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5486-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5548 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1117/12.562786 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BBE13 UT WOS:000225099600035 ER PT J AU Fromm, M AF Fromm, M TI New directions: Eruptive transport to the stratosphere: Add fire-convection to volcanoes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 Cimputat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), Cimputat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.001 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 763EU UT WOS:000188062600016 ER PT B AU Ross, WA AF Ross, WA GP IEEE TI The new DOD automatic test systems executive organization SO AUTOTESTCON 2004, PROCEEDINGS: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION UNITE IN SAN ANTONIO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 04) CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Cent Texas Council AB In 1990, the DoD Inspector General began a series of audits which led to language in the FY-1994 Appropriations Bill recommending that the Secretary of Defense direct a DoD ATS acquisition policy and establish a formal implementation mechanism to ensure strategy compliance. On 29 April 1994, USD (A&T) established DoD ATS policy and appointed the Navy as the DoD Executive Agent for ATS. NAVAIR PMA260 was appointed by Navy to serve as the ATS Executive Agent Office. The EAO organized an ATS Management Board that consisted of the Colonel/Navy Captain level ATS principals from each of the Services. A number of Integrated Product Teams were established under the EAO and AMB to carry out the main technical functions of the EA. In 1997, the Services formally agreed via a Joint Memorandum of Agreement on the various policies, procedures and organizational responsibilities to be implemented. On 31 March 2003, the General Accounting Office (GAO) submitted a report which made several recommendations to the Secretary of Defense. In response to the GAO Report, OSD(AT&L) directed the Services to perform an assessment of the EA function. A Joint Service IPT was chartered to define alternative approaches to executing the ATS EA role and to provide an ATS EA Assessment Report that contained a recommended course of action. OSD directed that the AMB continue to serve as the DoD coordinating body for ATS matters, that NAVAIR PMA260 be directed to continue the Executive Agent Office functions as the DoD ATS Executive Directorate, and that Service Acquisition Executives agree upon procedures for ATS acquisitions in a new Joint MOA. This new JMOA defines the revised DoD ATS organizational structure and details responsibilities and procedures to be followed throughout DoD for ATS acquisition and modernization. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ross, WA (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, PMA260D,47123 Buse Rd,Suite 349, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8449-0 PY 2004 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCB15 UT WOS:000228484700001 ER PT B AU Mai, TV Molnar, JA Tran, LH AF Mai, TV Molnar, JA Tran, LH GP IEEE TI Fiber optic test equipment - Evaluation of OTDR dead zones and ORLM return loss SO AUTOTESTCON 2004, PROCEEDINGS: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITION UNITE IN SAN ANTONIO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 04) CY SEP 20-23, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Cent Texas Council AB This paper discusses methods to evaluate Optical Time Domain Reflectormeter (OTDR) and Optical Return Loss Meter (ORLM) for field applications. Variable reflectance references for multimode and single mode fibers were built to evaluate the attenuation dead zones of OTDRs. Evaluation of the OTDR attenuation dead zone against a reflectance event of -40 dB with recovery to within 0.5 dB of backscatter reflection is discussed. Methods of measurement related to the IEC 61746 standard are discussed. Optical return loss is another important parameter to determine the quality of a single mode fiber network. A variable reflection standard was built to evaluate ORLM models from three different manufacturers in the range of [10 dB to 45 dB] of return loss with an accuracy of +/-0.5 dB. The standard was verified down to -45 dB return loss within +/-0.5 dB. Testing showed that equipment adapter and fiber connector geometries, fiber contact cleanliness, and skill are also critical to the evaluation. Schematics depict setups are presented. Data collection, data analysis, skills, and difficulties in evaluation process are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mai, TV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5524,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8449-0 PY 2004 BP 94 EP 98 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BCB15 UT WOS:000228484700015 ER PT J AU Jackman, RP Willette, PN White, D Krizek, SM AF Jackman, RP Willette, PN White, D Krizek, SM TI Minimizing exposure to passive smoke in the enclosed environment of US submarines SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE environmental tobacco smoke; submarine medicine ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; COTININE; NICOTINE; CHILDREN; ASTHMA AB Objective: This study was designed to determine which designated smoking area on a submarine, forward or aft, minimizes nonsmokers' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Methods: A survey was administered and urine tested by an enzyme-linked immunoassay for urinary cotinine before and during a 10 d underway. There were four groups tested; submariners on boats with forward or aft designated smoking areas, with each of these groups further divided into submariners whose watch is primarily forward or aft. Results: There were no significant differences in urine cotinine levels between submariners whose watches are primarily in the forward section as compared with those who work primarily aft. This was true for predeployment as compared with deployment levels and whether the designated smoking area was located forward or aft. Conclusion: Using cotinine as a marker, passive smoke exposure appears to be minimum. The location of the designated smoking area aboard U. S. Navy submarines does not appear to have any effect on urinary cotinine levels. C1 USN, Submarine Base New London, Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. RP Jackman, RP (reprint author), Cascades E Family Practice Residency, 2801 Daggett Ave, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. EM rjackman8@aol.com NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 760UH UT WOS:000187853200009 PM 14736134 ER PT J AU Laugalys, V Kazlauskas, A Boyle, RP Vrba, FJ Philip, AGD Sraizys, V AF Laugalys, V Kazlauskas, A Boyle, RP Vrba, FJ Philip, AGD Sraizys, V TI CCD photometry of the M 67 cluster in the Vilnius system. II. New photometry of high accuracy SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; clusters : individual : M67; methods : observational, data analysis, photometric; Vilnius photometric system ID M67; STARS; M-67 AB Seven color CCD photometry in the Vilnius system, supplemented by the Cousins I passband, has been obtained for 412 stars down to V = 16 mag in the M 67 open cluster area. A special method of flat-fielding, giving high accuracy photometry, was used. Photometric spectral types and interstellar reddenings of all stars were determined. The mean reddening of the cluster stars is EB-V = 0.04 mag and the distance is 770 pc. Considerable systematic errors were found in some other photometric investigations of the same cluster. C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Vatican Observ Res Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Inst Space Observ, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Laugalys, V (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Boyle, Richard/G-7257-2012 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 33 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 814AA UT WOS:000220946400001 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Suresh, R TI Network centric fuzzy resource manager and hardware simulation experiments SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric System IV CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL DE fuzzy logic; resource management; distributed autonomous systems; self-organizing systems; genetic algorithms; expert systems ID ALLOCATION AB A fuzzy logic based expert system for resource management has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar autonomous naval platforms defending their group against attackers. This paper provides an overview of the resource manager (RM) including the current form of the fuzzy decision trees that make up the RM. It also provides a detailed discussion of the design and results of hardware simulation experiments that test the RM and the network centric concept. The experiments employ multiple computers each running its own copy of the RM and TCP/IP connections for communication. A detailed discussion of the hardware simulator SIZES is provided including the various radar receivers that can be used with it and its ability for generating simulated radio frequency targets. The ability of the RMs residing on each platform of an allied group to allocate different EA techniques distributed across multiple platforms is considered. The war game that is used to set up the experiments is the same one employed for the digital simulation experiments with the exception simulated sensors are replaced with real hardware and each platform runs on a different computer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5364-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5441 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.541864 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAT36 UT WOS:000223424000008 ER PT B AU Jones, KD Nakashima, M Bradshaw, CJ Papadopoulos, J Platzer, MF AF Jones, KD Nakashima, M Bradshaw, CJ Papadopoulos, J Platzer, MF BE Kato, N Ayers, J Morikawa, H TI On flow separation control by means of flapping wings SO BIO-MECHANISMS OF SWIMMING AND FLYING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Bio-Mechanisms (ISABMEC 2003) CY SEP 14-17, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI SP Aqua Bio-Mech Study Grp, Japan, NE Univ Maring Sci Ctr DE flapping-wing; micro-air-vehicle; hydropower-generator; unsteady-aerodynamics; dynamic-stall AB Experimental and computational results for two configurations which benefit from flow separation control are presented. Both configurations operate at low Reynolds numbers, on the order of 104, characterized by laminar flow, often where separation is unavoidable. The first, a flapping-wing propelled micro air vehicle (MAV), consists of a biplane pair of wings flapping in counterphase located downstream of a larger stationary wing, and it is shown that flow entrainment from the flapping wings suppresses stall over the stationary wing, greatly improving the MAV performance. This is experimentally substantiated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The second configuration, a flapping-wing hydropower generator, consists of two flapping wings arranged in a tandem configuration. Numerical results indicate that optimal performance of the device occurs in the presence of massive stall, as long as the flapping motion is properly matched to the convection of the dynamic stall vortices. For both configurations, simplified panel., code and Navier-Stokes computations are presented to assist in the. assessment of the major geometric and flow parameters affecting the operation of the devices. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-22211-1 PY 2004 BP 51 EP 66 PG 16 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BAU28 UT WOS:000223579300005 ER PT S AU Farrell, WM Lazio, TJW Desch, MD Bastian, TS Zarka, P AF Farrell, WM Lazio, TJW Desch, MD Bastian, TS Zarka, P BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Radio emission from extrasolar planets SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union AB By virtue of their planetary-scale magnetic fields, the Earth and all of the gas giants in our solar system possess solar-wind deformed magnetospheres. The magnetic polar regions of these "magnetic planets" produce intense, aurora-related radio emission from solar-wind powered electron currents. Simple scaling laws suggest that Jovian-mass planets close to their host stars should produce radio emission; detecting such emission would be the first direct detection of many of these planets. We describe searches using the Very Large Array (VLA) for radio emission from the planets orbiting HD 114762, 70 Vir, and tau Boo. Our limits are just above those predicted for the planetary emissions. We discuss the possibilities for more stringent limits and the implications that the existing observations have for the planets' radio emissions, and hence on the planetary magnetic fields and stellar wind environments. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Farrell, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.m.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov; Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; michael.desch@gsfc.nasa.gov; tbastian@nrao.edu; Philippe.Zarka@obspm.fr RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000012 ER PT S AU Lazio, TJW Fischer, J Cordes, JM AF Lazio, TJW Fischer, J Cordes, JM BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Searches for pulsar planetary systems SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID MILLISECOND PULSARS; PROTOPLANETARY AB The first extrasolar planetary system was discovered around the pulsar PSR B1257+12, and the planets therein remain the lowest mass exoplanets known (with one whose mass is of order a lunar mass). Pulsar planetary systems will remain the only extrasolar planetary systems within which terrestrial-mass planets can be detected for the near future, and multiple pulsar planetary systems would provide strong circumstantial evidence that terrestrial-mass planets are ubiquitous, and possibly information about the formation of terrestrial-mass planets. We summarize two searches for planetary or proto-planetary systems around pulsars. The first is a series of infrared observations of millisecond pulsars in which the objective is to detect (proto-planetary) disks. The second uses a genetic algorithm-a function optimization method based on evolutionary processes in the natural world-to search for the signatures of planetary perturbations in pulse timing data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; Jacqueline.Fischer@nrl.navy.mil; cordes@astro.cornell.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000019 ER PT S AU Lazio, TJW Tarter, J Backus, PR AF Lazio, TJW Tarter, J Backus, PR BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Megachannel Extraterrestrial Assay candidates: No transmissions from intrinsically steady sources SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID GALACTIC HALO; SIGNALS AB This paper reports new, more sensitive observations of nine of the eleven extrastatistical signals in the Megachannel Extraterrestrial Assay (META). These extrastatistical signals had all of the expected characteristics of extraterrestrial transmissions, except that they did not repeat. Cordes, Lazio, & Sagan (1997) showed that this lack of repeatability could be explained by interstellar scintillation of intrinsically steady sources. We use their methodology and our observations to exclude the scintillation hypothesis at a confidence level of at least 97.8% (for the case of an intrinsically weak source) to a level in excess of 99% (if the source strengths are comparable to that favored by Cordes, Lazio, & Sagan 1997). We also demonstrate that gravitational microlensing cannot account for the initial detection of these candidates nor is microlensing likely to play a role in future SETI programs. We conclude that the META candidates do not reflect a large population of powerful beacons. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; tarter@seti.org; peter@seti.org RI Norris, Ray/A-1316-2008 OI Norris, Ray/0000-0002-4597-1906 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 433 EP 436 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000078 ER PT S AU Lu, XG Hsu, RL Jain, AK Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Lu, XG Hsu, RL Jain, AK Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B BE Zhang, D Jain, AK TI Face recognition with 3D model-based synthesis SO BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Biometric Authentication CY JUL 15-17, 2004 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Croucher Fdn, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IEEE Hong Kong Sect, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Springer Verlag ID EIGENFACES AB Current appearance-based face recognition system encounters the difficulty to recognize faces with appearance variations, while only a small number of training images are available. We present a scheme based on the analysis by synthesis framework. A 3D generic face model is aligned onto a given frontal face image. A number of synthetic face images are generated with appearance variations from the aligned 3D face model. These synthesized images are used to construct an affine subspace for each subject. Training and test images for each subject are represented in the same way in such a subspace. Face recognition is achieved by minimizing the distance between the subspace of a test subject and that of each subject in the database. Only a single face image of each subject is available for training in our experiments. Preliminary experimental results are promising. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Lu, XG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lvxiaogru@cse.msu.edu; hsureinl@cse.msu.edu; jain@cse.msu.edu; jain@cse.msu.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22146-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3072 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAM83 UT WOS:000222868800020 ER PT S AU Du, YZ Ives, R Etter, D Welch, T Chang, CI AF Du, YZ Ives, R Etter, D Welch, T Chang, CI BE Jain, AK Ratha, NK TI A one-dimensional approach for iris identification SO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE iris identification; Du Measurement; one-dimensional iris signature ID RECOGNITION; IMAGES; SYSTEM AB A novel approach to iris recognition is proposed in this paper. It differs from traditional iris recognition systems in that it Generates a one-dimensional iris signature that is translation, rotation, illumination and scale invariant. The Du Measurement was used as a matching mechanism, and this approach generates-the most probable matches instead of only the best match. The merit of this method is that it allows users to enroll with or to identify poor quality iris images that would be rejected by other methods. In this way, the users could potentially identify an iris image by another level of analysis. Another merit of this approach is that this method could potentially improve iris identification efficiency. In our approach, the system only needs to store a one-dimensional signal, and in the matching process, no circular rotation is needed. This means that the matching speed could be much faster. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5327-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5404 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.542499 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW59 UT WOS:000223908800025 ER PT J AU Gittis, A Karp, D Schlessman, J Stites, WE Lattman, EE Garcia-Moreno, B AF Gittis, A Karp, D Schlessman, J Stites, WE Lattman, EE Garcia-Moreno, B TI Crystallographic study of water penetration and internal hydration in mutants of staphylococcal nuclease with internal ionizable residues SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 87A EP 88A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200455 ER PT J AU Smith, VF Melendez, KN AF Smith, VF Melendez, KN TI Effects of ligands on the stability of human cytoplasmic aconitase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 96A EP 96A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200501 ER PT J AU Byers, JM AF Byers, JM TI Bioinformatics of siganl transduction dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 449A EP 449A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202311 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Ness, RB Wells, TS O'Donnell, FL AF Ryan, MAK Ness, RB Wells, TS O'Donnell, FL TI Birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans, 1989-1993 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USA, Med Corps, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Code 25,Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 47 EP 47 DI 10.1002/bdra.10138 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 769FW UT WOS:000188616700008 PM 14745895 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA BE Brebbia, CA TI Influence of geometric detail in component modeling SO BOUNDARY ELEMENTS XXVI SE ADVANCES IN BOUNDARY ELEMENTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th World Conference on Boundary Elements and other Mesh Reduction Methods CY APR 19-21, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol DE impressed current cathodic protection; mesh refinement; boundary element; corrosion control ID CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS; SHIP AB In any computational approach it is necessary to idealize the structure modeled to some extend. In much of the work completed to date using boundary element methods to model shipboard impressed current cathodic protection systems (ICCP) propellers have been idealized as solid disks. While this simplified geometry may capture the shadowing nature of the component it may not capture essential features of the near hull potential field in the vicinity of the propeller. Earlier work utilized the disk representation of propellers as a required compromise between modeling and problem size limitations. Recent advances in computing power coupled with advances in solid modeling programs have resulted in the ability to readily create complex geometries without significant concerns related to mesh size. In this work three different representations of propellers are evaluated. The hull geometry studied is that of the US Navy CVN aircraft carrier class. This hull class has 4 propellers. Two methods of representing details of propeller geometry are examined. In one case the propeller is modeled in detail including individual blades. In the second detailed approach a propeller is modeled as a solid that is shaped to simulate the complex geometry of a rotating assembly. Calculated potential fields for these two advanced geometric representations are compared with results based on the solid disk representation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1460-1419 BN 1-85312-708-6 J9 ADV BOUND ELEM SER PY 2004 VL 19 BP 347 EP 356 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BAT50 UT WOS:000223450900034 ER PT J AU Manger, PR Fuxe, K Ridgway, SH Siegel, JM AF Manger, PR Fuxe, K Ridgway, SH Siegel, JM TI The distribution and morphological characteristics of catecholaminergic cells in the diencephalon and midbrain of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; dolphins; Tursiops; mammals; evolution; dopamine ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; SPINAL-CORD; ANTHROPOID PRIMATES; MONOAMINE NEURONS; DOPAMINE NEURONS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; RAT-BRAIN; SLEEP; SYSTEMS; LOCALIZATION AB The present study describes the distribution and cellular morphology of catecholaminergic neurons in the diencephalon and midbrain of the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry was used to visualize these putatively dopaminergic neurons. The standard A1-A17, C1-C3, nomenclature is used for expediency; however, the neuroanatomical names of the various nuclei have also been given. Dolphins exhibit certain tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) catecholaminergic neuronal groups in the midbrain (A8, A9, A10) and diencephalon (A11, A12, A14), however, no neuronal clusters clearly corresponding to the A13 and A15 groups could be identified. The subdivisions of these neuronal groups are in general agreement with those of other mammals, but there is a high degree of species specificity. First, three TH-ir neuronal groups not identified in other species were found: in the ventral lateral peri-aqueductal gray matter, posterior dorsal hypothalamus, and rostral mesencephalic raphe. Second, the normal components of the substantia nigra (A9 or pars compacta, A9 lateral or pars lateralis, A9 ventral or pars reticulata) were extremely cell sparse, but there was a substantial expansion of the A9 medial and A10 lateral subdivisions forming an impressive 'ventral wing' in the posterior substantia nigra. The findings of this and previous studies suggest a distinct evolutionary trend occurring in the neuromodulatory systems in mammals. The results are discussed in relation to motor control, thermoregulation, unihemispheric sleep, and dolphin cognition. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Anat Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Marine Mammal Program, SSC, SD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, North Hills, CA USA. RP Manger, PR (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Anat Sci, 7 York Rd, ZA-2193 Parktown, South Africa. EM mangerpr@anatomy.wits.ac.za OI Fuxe, Kjell/0000-0001-8491-4288 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS32819, NS42947] NR 75 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-8977 J9 BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT JI Brain Behav. Evol. PY 2004 VL 64 IS 1 BP 42 EP 60 DI 10.1159/000077542 PG 19 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA 827ZV UT WOS:000221943100005 PM 15051966 ER PT J AU Mondry, TE Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS AF Mondry, TE Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS TI Prospective trial of complete decongestive therapy for upper extremity lymphedema after breast cancer therapy SO CANCER JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POSTMASTECTOMY LYMPHEDEMA; RADIATION-THERAPY; LONG-TERM; CARCINOMA; ARM AB PURPOSE Lymphedema is a well-described complication of therapy for breast cancer. Patients who present with lymphedema may experience pain and body image issues and are at increased risk for developing cellulitis. Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) is a four-component therapy for lymphedema. Data regarding CDT as an intervention in the immediate after the diagnosis period and prolonged follow-up are limited; we prospectively analyzed results of CDT in this cohort of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients were enrolled in CDT immediately after their diagnosis of lymphedema. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy quality of life (QoL) measure and a visual analogue scale for pain were completed before, on the 10th day of, and on the last day of treatment. Each patient underwent a daily 60- to 90-minute treatment session, 5 days per week for 2-4 weeks. Treatment consisted of skin and nail care, manual lymphatic drainage, a multilayer compression bandage, and therapeutic exercise. Edema of the affected limb was reassessed weekly. On reaching a measurement plateau, the patient was discharged from active treatment and began a maintenance phase. The patient was reassessed for girth, volume, and body weight at 3 months. These measurements plus the QoL and pain measures were also reassessed at 6 months and 1 year after treatment. RESULTS Patients completed 2-4 weeks of treatment (median, 2 weeks). Those classed as severe decreased from 7 to 1. Median girth reduced 1.5 cm and median volume reduced 138 mL. Decreasing girth correlated significantly with decreasing visual analogue scale scores for pain, but not with increasing QoL. Increasing grade correlated significantly with girth reduction and volume reduction. Compliance with the treatment regimen at home decreased with time on the program. During follow-up, girth and volume reverted slightly but stabilized at about 1 cm and 100 mL below baseline, respectively. Although the increase in QoL was not significant, it was noted that during the entire treatment and follow-up period, QoL consistently increased, ending about 5% above baseline, and pain scores gradually decreased, ending with 54% (and median) of patients at 0 pain. CONCLUSIONS CDT is effective in treating lymphedema. Success in girth reduction contributes to less pain. Grade is a useful indicator of severity; class is not. Increased number of treatment sessions provides marked improvements in girth, volume, and weight but result in poorer compliance. Longer latency more successfully reduces girth, volume, and pain and increases QoL. QoL and pain are improved by treatment and continue to improve after treatment has ended. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, CLT,LANA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mondry, TE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, CLT,LANA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RI Lambrecht, Bart/M-4734-2015 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS PI SUDBURY PA 40 TALL PINE DR, SUDBURY, MA 01776 USA SN 1528-9117 J9 CANCER J JI Cancer J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1097/00130404-200401000-00009 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 775KG UT WOS:000189038900009 PM 15000494 ER PT B AU Oh, CK Barlow, GJ AF Oh, CK Barlow, GJ GP IEEE TI Autonomous controller design for unmanned aerial vehicles using multi-objective genetic programming SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE AB Autonomous navigation controllers were developed for fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications using multi-objective genetic programming (GP). We designed four fitness functions derived from flight simulations and used multi-objective GP to evolve controllers able to locate a radar source, navigate the UAV to the source efficiently using on-board sensor measurements, and circle closely around the emitter. Controllers were evolved for three different kinds of radars: stationary, continuously emitting radars, stationary, intermittently emitting radars, and mobile, continuously emitting radars. We selected realistic flight parameters and sensor inputs to aid in the transference of evolved controllers to physical UAVs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM choong.oh@nrl.navy.mil; gjbarlow@ncsu.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 1538 EP 1545 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1331079 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400214 ER PT B AU Johnson, RW Michalewicz, Z Melich, ME Schmidt, M AF Johnson, RW Michalewicz, Z Melich, ME Schmidt, M GP IEEE TI Coevolutionary TEMPO game SO CEC2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2004 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2004) CY JUN 19-23, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE, Neural Network Soc, Evolutionary Programming Soc, IEEE ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; CHECKERS AB We present a description and initial results of a computer code that coevolves Fuzzy Logic rules to play a two-sided zero-sum competitive game. It is based on the TEMPO Military Planning Game that has been used to teach resource allocation to over 20,000 students over the past 40 years. No feasible algorithm for optimal play is known. The coevolved rules, when pitted against human players, usually win the first few competitions. For reasons not yet understood, the evolved rules (found in a symmetrical competition) place little value on information concerning the play of the opponent but rather focus on exploiting the available weapon systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne E Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne E Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rwjohnso@nps.navy.mil; zbyszek@uncc.edu; mmelich@nps.navy.mil; martin.schmidt@nutechsolutions.com NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8515-2 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2004 BP 1610 EP 1617 DI 10.1109/CEC.2004.1331088 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAM20 UT WOS:000222818400223 ER PT J AU Wawro, G AF Wawro, G TI Inventing the Schlieffen plan: German war planning, 1871-1914. SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Wawro, G (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANITIES PRESS INC PI BOSTON PA 112 WATER ST, STE 400, BOSTON, MA 02109 USA SN 0008-9389 J9 CENT EUR HIST JI Cent. Eur. Hist. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 4 BP 616 EP 618 DI 10.1017/S0008938900003150 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 898YR UT WOS:000227112600014 ER PT J AU Chu, PC AF Chu, PC TI Multi-fractal thermal characteristics of the southwestern GIN sea upper layer SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED DIMENSIONS; STRANGE ATTRACTORS AB Multifractal characteristics of the upper layer thermal structure in the Southwestern Greenland Sea, Iceland Sea, and Norwegian Sea (GIN Sea) are analyzed using high-resolution, digital thermistor chain data. The energy spectrum at 20 m depth (cold sublayer) shows the existence of a spike at the scale of approximate 3 km representing the chimney scale. The graph dimension varies from higher values such as 1.89 at the surface to 1.44-1.50 in the warm intermediate layer. The stationarity decreases from the ocean surface to the warm intermediate layer. However, the information dimension varies slightly (0.92 to 0.90) that indicates low singularity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(03)00041-9 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 726BE UT WOS:000185577400005 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TD AF O'Brien, TD TI Sikerness and fere in 'Troilus and Criseyde' (Chaucer) SO CHAUCER REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM obrien@usna.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0009-2002 J9 CHAUCER REV JI Chaucer Rev. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 276 EP 293 DI 10.1353/cr.2004.0005 PG 18 WC Literature, British Isles; Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Literature; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 804YX UT WOS:000220335100005 ER PT S AU Eversole, J AF Eversole, J BE Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, SD VoDinh, T Combs, RJ TI Point detection of threat aerosols - Basic considerations and status SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE point detection; bioaerosol; threat particle; optical measurement AB For airborne threats or hazards, the development of point detection capability for materials that are inherently aerosols is principally an issue concerned with determining aerosol composition. The utility of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to clarify tradeoffs between the probability of detection, and probability of false positive classification will be discussed, as well as the application of confusion matrix description of data feature separation. Examples will be taken from ongoing optical imaging and spectroscopy efforts to illustrate the connection between parameters such as discrimination, sensitivity, and response time made on an individual sample basis, to potential overall system performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eversole, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5538-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5585 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.571316 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBM94 UT WOS:000226251900001 ER PT S AU Sivaprakasam, V Huston, AL Scotto, C Eversole, JD AF Sivaprakasam, V Huston, AL Scotto, C Eversole, JD BE Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, SD VoDinh, T Combs, RJ TI Multiple UV wavelength excitation and fluorescence of bioaerosols SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE UV LIF; bioaerosols; fluorescence; elastic scatter; excitation; bacteria; spores; proteins ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL DETECTION AB A two-wavelength excitation bioaerosol sensor has been developed and characterized for classifying various types of aerosols, including biological organisms and non-biological interferents. Single aerosols, smaller than 10 mum, are interrogated with 266 rim and 355 rim laser pulses separated in time by 400 ns. Fluorescence signals excited by these pulses are detected in three broad spectral bands centered at 350 nm, 450 nm and 550 nm. The results indicate that bacterial spores, vegetative bacterial cells and proteins can be differentiated based on the two wavelength excitation approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5538-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5585 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.571296 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBM94 UT WOS:000226251900009 ER PT S AU Boris, J Fulton, J Obenschain, K Patnaik, G Young, T AF Boris, J Fulton, J Obenschain, K Patnaik, G Young, T BE Gardner, PJ TI CT-analyst: Fast and accurate CBR emergency assessment SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE atmospheric transport; chemical-biolouical-radiolocicaI (CBR) defense; plume dispersion AB An urban-oriented emergency assessment system for airborne Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) threats, called CT-Analyst(TM) and based on new principles, gives greater accuracy and much greater speed than possible with current alternatives. This paper explains how this has been done. The increased accuracy derives from detailed, three-dimensional CFD computations including, solar heating, buoyancy, complete building geometry specification, trees, wind fluctuations, and particle and droplet distributions (as appropriate). This paper shows how a very finite number of such computations for a given area can be extended to all wind directions and speeds, and all likely sources and source locations using a new data structure called Dispersion Nomographs(TM). Finally, we demonstrate a portable, entirely graphical software tool called CT-Analyst that embodies this entirely new, high-resolution technology and runs effectively on small personal computers. Real-time users don't have to wait for results because accurate answers are available with near zero-latency (that is 10 - 20 scenarios per second). Entire sequences of cases (e.g. a continuously changing source location or wind direction) can be computed and displayed as continuous-action movies. Since the underlying database has been precomputed. the door is wide open for important new real-time, zero-latency functions such as sensor data fusion, backtracking to an unknown source location, and even evacuation route planning. Extensions of the technology to sensor location optimization, buildings, tunnels, and integration with other advanced technologies, e.g. micrometeorology or detailed wind field measurements, will be discussed briefly here. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Boris, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.542852 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100001 ER PT S AU Obenschain, K Boris, J Patnaik, G AF Obenschain, K Boris, J Patnaik, G BE Gardner, PJ TI Using CT-ANALYST(TM) to optimize sensor placement SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Networked groups of sensors that detect Chemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) threats are being developed to defend cities and military bases. Due to the high cost and maintenance of these sensors, the number of sensors deployed is limited. It is vital for the sensors to be deployed in optimal locations for these sensors to be effectively used to analyze the scope of the threat. A genetic algorithm, along with the instantaneous plume prediction capabilities of CT-Analyst has been developed to meet these goals. CT-Analyst's time dependant plumes, upwind danger zone, and sensor capabilities are used to determine the fitness of sensor networks generated by the genetic algorithm. The optimization and the requirements for the evaluation of sensor networks in an urban region are examined along with the number of sensors required to detect these plumes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Obenschain, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6400, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.542892 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100002 ER PT S AU Ting, A Alexeev, I Gordon, D Briscoe, E Penano, J Hubbard, R Sprangle, P Rubel, G AF Ting, A Alexeev, I Gordon, D Briscoe, E Penano, J Hubbard, R Sprangle, P Rubel, G BE Gardner, PJ TI Remote atmospheric breakdown for standoff detection using intense short laser pulse compression SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE standoff detection; remote atmospheric breakdown; short pulse compression; femtosecond laser ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AIR AB A remote atmospheric breakdown (RAB) is a very rich source of ultraviolet (UV) and broadband visible light that could provide the early warning to the presence of CW/BW agents through spectroscopic detection, identification and quantification at extended standoff distances. A low-intensity negatively chirped laser pulse propagating in air compresses in time due to linear Group velocity dispersion and focuses transversely due to non-linear effects resulting in rapid laser intensity increase and ionization near the focal region that can be located kilometers away from the laser system. Proof of principle laboratory experiments are being performed at the Naval Research Laboratory on the Generation of RAB and the spectroscopic detection of mock BW agents. We have demonstrated pulse compression and focusing up to 105 meters in the laboratory using femtosecond pulses Generated by a high power Ti:Sapphire laser. We observed nonlinear modifications to the temporal frequency chirp of the laser pulse and their effects on the laser compression and the positions of the final focus. We have Generated third harmonics at 267 nm and white light in air from the compressed pulse. We have observed fluorescence emission from albumin aerosols as they were illuminated by the compressed femtosecond laser pulse. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.1117/12.541355 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100027 ER PT J AU Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC AF Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC TI Vibrational energy relaxation and reorientation of azide ion pairs in DMSO SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR; REVERSE MICELLES; DIPOLAR MOLECULE; RESONANCE RAMAN; PROTIC SOLVENTS; POLAR-SOLVENT; PHOTON-ECHOES; CYANIDE ION AB Vibrational energy relaxation (VER) and reorientation times have been measured by ultrafast polarization infrared spectroscopy for the antisymmetric stretching v(3) band of free azide ion and NaN3, MgN3+, and CaN3+ ion pairs in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. The v(3) absorption bands are shifted to higher frequency in the ion pairs relative to the unassociated, dissolved anion, but VER times of the ion pairs are similar, all in the range of 11-18 ps. The reorientation times of the ion pairs are longer (>20 ps) than for free azide (6 +/- 2 ps), as expected based on their structures. Ab initio calculations were performed to help interpret the experimental results. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Div Code 6111, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 383 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.10.146 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759TL UT WOS:000187752900035 ER PT J AU Ravindra, G Ranganayaki, RS Raghothama, S Srinivasan, MC Gilardi, RD Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Ravindra, G Ranganayaki, RS Raghothama, S Srinivasan, MC Gilardi, RD Karle, IL Balaram, P TI Two novel hexadepsipeptides with several modified amino acid residues isolated from the fungus Isaria SO CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDAL CYCLODEPSIPEPTIDES; TRICHOTHECIUM-ROSEUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; PEPTIDES; FELINA; ORIGIN; RING AB Two new cyclohexadepsipeptides have been isolated from the fungus Isaria. Fungal growth in solid media yielded hyphal strands from which peptide fractions were readily isolable by organic-solvent extraction. Two novel cyclodepsipeptides, isaridin A and isaridin B, have been isolated by reverse-phase HPLC, and characterized by ESI-MS and H-1-NMR. Single crystals of both peptides have been obtained, and their 3D structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction. The isaridins contain,several unusual amino acid residues. The sequences are cyclo(beta-Gly-HyLeu-Pro-Phe-NMeV-al-NMePhe) and cyclo(beta-Gly-HyLeu-beta-MePro-Phe-NMeV-al-NMePhe), where NMeVal is N-methylvaline, NMePhe N-methylphenylalanine, and HyLeu hydroxyleucine (= 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid). The two peptides differ from one another at residue 3, isaridin A having an (S)-proline at this position, while beta-methyl-(S)-proline (= (2S,3S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is found in isaridin B. The solid-state conformations of both cyclic depsipeptides are characterized by the presence of two cis peptide bonds at HyLeu(2)-Pro(3)/HyLeu(2)-beta-MePro(3) and NMeVal(5)-NMePhe(6), respectively. In isaridin A, a strong intramolecular H-bond is observed between Phe(4)CO(...)HNbeta-Gly(1), and a similar, but weaker, interaction is observed between beta-Gly(1)CO(...)HNPhe(4). In contrast, in isaridin B, only a single intramolecular H-bond is observed between beta-Gly(1)CO(...)HNPhe(4). C1 Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Sophisticated Instruments Facil, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Natl Chem Lab, Pune, Maharashtra, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem Biol Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RP Balaram, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM pb@mbu.iisc.ernet.in FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902] NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU VERLAG HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA AG PI ZURICH PA HOFWIESENSTRASSE 26, POSTFACH, CH-8042 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1612-1872 J9 CHEM BIODIVERS JI Chem. Biodivers. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 489 EP 504 DI 10.1002/cbdv.200490043 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 852OG UT WOS:000223765600011 PM 17191864 ER PT J AU Barnett, T Malone, R Pennell, W Stammer, D Semtner, B Washington, W AF Barnett, T Malone, R Pennell, W Stammer, D Semtner, B Washington, W TI The effects of climate change on water resources in the west: Introduction and overview SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID HYDROCLIMATE; SIMULATION AB The results of an experimental 'end to end' assessment of the effects of climate change on water resources in the western United States are described. The assessment focuses on the potential effects of climate change over the first half of the 21st century on the Columbia, Sacramento/San Joaquin, and Colorado river basins. The paper describes the methodology used for the assessment, and it summarizes the principal findings of the study. The strengths and weaknesses of this study are discussed, and suggestions are made for improving future climate change assessments. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Barnett, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 23 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 35 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013695.21726.b8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768FA UT WOS:000188531900001 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Tokmakian, R Semtner, A Maltrud, M Lysne, J Craig, A AF Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Tokmakian, R Semtner, A Maltrud, M Lysne, J Craig, A TI The ACPI project, element 1: Initializing a coupled climate model from observed conditions SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE DYNAMICS; TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS; OCEAN MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB A problem for climate change studies with coupled ocean-atmosphere models has been how to incorporate observed initial conditions into the ocean, which holds most of the 'memory' of anthropogenic forcing effects. The first difficulty is the lack of comprehensive three-dimensional observations of the current ocean temperature ( T) and salinity ( S) fields to initialize to. The second problem is that directly imposing observed T and S fields into the model results in rapid drift back to the model climatology, with the corresponding loss of the observed information. Anthropogenic forcing scenarios therefore typically initialize future runs by starting with pre-industrial conditions. However, if the future climate depends on the details of the present climate, then initializing the model to observations may provide more accurate forecasts. Also, this similar to 130 yr spin up imposes substantial overhead if only a few decades of predictions are desired. A new technique to address these problems is presented. In lieu of observed T and S, assimilated ocean data were used. To reduce model drift, an anomaly coupling scheme was devised. This consists of letting the model's climatological (pre-industrial) oceanic and atmospheric heat contents and transports balance each other, while adding on the ( much smaller) changes in heat content since the pre-industrial era as anomalies. The result is model drift of no more than 0.2 K over 50 years, significantly smaller than the forced response of 1.0 K. An ensemble of runs with these assimilated initial conditions is then compared to a set spun up from pre-industrial conditions. No systematic differences were found, i.e., the model simulation of the ocean temperature structure in the late 1990s is statistically indistinguishable from the assimilated observations. However, a model with a worse representation of the late 20th century climate might show significant differences if initialized in this way. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Res Div 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Res Div 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013676.42672.23 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768FA UT WOS:000188531900002 ER PT J AU Frenchik, MD McFaul, SJ Tsonev, LI AF Frenchik, MD McFaul, SJ Tsonev, LI TI A microplate assay for the determination of hemoglobin concentration SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID ALKALINE HEMATIN D-575; CYANHEMIGLOBIN METHOD; TOOL C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Combat Casualty Care, Transfus & Crypreservat Res Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP McFaul, SJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM steve.mcfaul@amedd.army.mil NR 4 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2004 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.09.017 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 764PH UT WOS:000188214900024 PM 14687911 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Roach, K AF Kwon, YW Roach, K TI Unit-cell model of 2/2-twill woven fabric composites for multi-scale analysis SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Modeling of Materials CY AUG, 2001 CL PUERTO VALLARTA, MEXICO DE woven fabric composite; unit-cell; multiscale; 2/2-twill composite ID FIBROUS COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICS MODEL; PROGRESSIVE FAILURE; ELASTIC BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE AB A micromechanical unit-cell model was developed for 2/2-twill woven fabric composites so that the model could be implemented for the multi-scale micro/macro-mechanical analysis of 2/2-twill composite structures. The unit-cell model can compute effective material properties of a 2/2-twill composite and decompose the effective stresses (strains) of the woven fabric composite into the stresses (strains) of the tows. When this unit-cell module is incorporated into the multi-scale analysis by combining with other modules developed previously, the residual strength and stiffness of a laminated structure made of 2/2-twill woven fabric composites can be predicted along with damage progression in the structure. Damage is described at the basic material units of the composite structure, the fibers and matrix. Comparing the predicted results to other available data in open literature validated the developed unit-cell model and the multi-scale analysis. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 771AG UT WOS:000188752000006 ER PT J AU McCarthy, K Walker, L Vigoren, L AF McCarthy, K Walker, L Vigoren, L TI Subsurface fate of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons in continuous permafrost SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE permafrost; contaminant transport; arctic; arctic environment AB Accidental releases of approximately 2000 m(3) of fuel have resulted in subsurface contamination adjacent to Imikpuk Lake, a drinking-water source near Barrow, AK. This paper presents a conceptual model of the distribution and transport of subsurface free-phase hydrocarbons at this site. The mean annual temperature in Barrow is - 13 degreesC, and average monthly temperatures exceed 0 degreesC only during the months of June, July, and August. As a result, the region is underlain by areally continuous permafrost that extends to depths of up to 300 m and constrains subsurface hydrologic processes to a shallow zone that temporarily thaws each summer. During the 1993 and 1994 thaw seasons, the measured depth of thaw varied across the site from approximately 0.5 to 2 m. However, exploratory borings in 1995 showed that free-phase hydrocarbons were present at depths greater than 3 in, indicating that permafrost at this site is not a barrier to the vertical migration of nonaqueous-phase liquids. In 1996, a subsurface containment barrier was installed to prevent lateral movement of contaminated water to Imikpuk Lake, and a recovery trench was excavated upgradient of the barrier to facilitate removal of free-phase hydrocarbons. Free-phase hydrocarbons were recovered from the trench during 1996, 1997, and 1998. Recovery rates diminished over this time, and in 1999, no further product was recovered and the recovery operation was halted. Subsequent exploratory borings in 2001 and 2002 have revealed that some product remains in the subsurface. Data indicate that this remaining product exists in small discrete pockets or very thin layers of hydrocarbon floating on brine. These small reservoirs appear to be isolated from one another by relatively impermeable permafrost. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, Engn Field Act NW, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA. Foster Wheeler Environm Corp, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA. RP McCarthy, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM mccarthy@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00062-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 769CU UT WOS:000188609500004 ER PT J AU Rajapakse, YDS Hui, D AF Rajapakse, YDS Hui, D TI Marine composites: Foreword SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Off Naval Res, Ship Struct Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Hui, D (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM dxhme@uno.edu NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6-8 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.05.001 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 856CH UT WOS:000224020700001 ER PT S AU Khan, B AF Khan, B BE Borovik, AV Myasnikov, AG TI The structure of automorphic conjugacy in the free group of rank two SO COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUP THEORY SE CONTEMPORARY MATHEMATICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Interactions Between Logic, Group Theory and Computer Science CY JAN 15-19, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Math Soc, Assoc Symbol Log DE free groups; automorphisms; algorithms.; graduate center AB In the study of the automorphism group of a free group F = F(X) on a set X, J. H. C. Whitehead introduced a graph whose vertices are elements of F, where two vertices are connected if and only if the corresponding elements of F are related by one of a specially chosen set of generators of Aut(F). Here we give a precise structural description of Whitehead's graph for the case where F = F-2 is the free group of rank two. This description allows us to quantify relationships between the natural length function \ \ of F-2, and the action of Aut(F-2) on F-2. As an application, we show that Whitehead's algorithm for testing automorphic conjugacy in F-2 runs in time that is at most quadratic in the length of the elements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, ITT Adv Engn & Sci, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Khan, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, ITT Adv Engn & Sci, 2560 Huntington Ave, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 0-8218-3483-5 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2004 VL 349 BP 115 EP 196 PG 82 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BBD16 UT WOS:000224983500005 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG AF Michopoulos, JG BE Yao, ZH Yuan, MW Zhong, WX TI Mechatronically automated characterization of material constitutive response SO Computational Mechanics, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress on Computational Mechanics held in conjunction with the 2nd Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Natl Sci Fdn, China Minist Sci & Technol, Peking Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Dalian Univ Technol, China Acad Sci, Inst Mech, S China Univ Technol, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Helhai Univ, Wuhan Univ Technol, Zhejian Univ, Int Assoc Computat Mech, Asian-Pacific Assoc Computat Mech, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Chinese Assoc Computat Mech, US Assoc Computat Mech, Japan Assoc Computat Mech, Australian Assoc Computat, German Assoc Computat Mech, Hohai Univ DE mechatronic characterization; material constitutive response; automated characterization; multidimensional loading spaces; parameter identification; data-driven characterization AB This paper presents an overview of a methodology for automating research procedures on the area of constitutive characterization of materials. The astonishing progress of both computational technology and automated experimentation techniques has been exploited to develop a characterization methodology of continuum systems under the action of multidimensional multiphysics fields. Computationally controlled robotic, multiple degree-of-freedom mechatronic systems are used to greatly accelerate the rate of performing mechanical experiments along loading paths defined in multidimensional loading spaces. The massive data collections are utilized for the inexpensive and accurate data-driven determination of bulk material non-linear constitutive behavior models as a consequence of multi-field generalized loading through parameter identification/estimation according to inverse approach methodologies. A demonstration of this paradigm on polymer matrix composite materials systems is described. Furthermore, developments in computational simulation technologies that utilize advances in visualization and automated program synthesis have made possible inexpensive and fast characterization analysis of complex structures for design and qualification needs. Finally, this computational and mechatronic infrastructure is used to create conceptual, analytical and computational models for describing and predicting material performance as a demonstration application of a data-driven environment for multiphysics applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-302-09343-1 PY 2004 BP 486 EP 491 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BCU88 UT WOS:000231353600069 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J AF Michopoulos, J BE Bubak, M DickVanAlbada, G Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Computational modelling of multi-field ionic continuum systems SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Springer Verlag AB The present paper presents a methodology for modelling the behavior of continua under multi-field influence, along with the architecture of its computational implementation. It is being applied for the special case of modelling multi-field ionic conductive material systems. Its computational implementation addresses generation and solution of both the constitutive and the field evolution equations. An application of this methodology for the case of electric multi-hygrothermoelasticity generates a model for materials participating in artificial muscle applications. The corresponding system of nonlinear governing partial differential equations describing the state evolution of large deflection plates made from such materials is derived as an example. Finally, initial numerical solution examples of these electro-hygro-thermally generalized Von-Karman equations are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22129-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3039 BP 621 EP 628 PN 4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAO62 UT WOS:000223079700080 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J Farhat, C Houstis, E AF Michopoulos, J Farhat, C Houstis, E BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Dynamic-data-driven real-time computational mechanics environment SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag AB The proliferation of sensor networks in various areas of technology has enabled real-time behavioral monitoring of various physical systems in various length and time scales. The opportunity to use these data dynamically for improving speed, accuracy, and general performance of predictive behavior modeling simulation is of paramount importance. The present paper identifies enabling modeling methods and computational strategies that are critical for achieving real-time simulation response of very large and complex systems. It also discusses our choices of these technologies in the context of sample multidisciplinary computational mechanics applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Code 6303, Washington, DC USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; charbel.farhat@colorado.edu; enh@cs.purdue.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 693 EP 700 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900090 ER PT S AU Michopoulos, J Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, E Joshi, A AF Michopoulos, J Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, E Joshi, A BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Agent-based simulation of data-driven fire propagation dynamics SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag AB Real world problems such as fire propagation prediction, can often be considered as a compositional combination of multiple, simple but coupled subproblems corresponding to analytical and computational behavior models of the systems involved in multiple domains of action. The existence of various computational resources (legacy codes, middleware, libraries, etc.) that solve and simulate the subproblems successfully, the coupling methodologies, the increasing and distributed computer power (GRID etc.) and the polymorphism and plurality of the available technologies for distributed mobile computing, such as Agent Platforms, motivated the implementation of multidisciplinary problem solving environments (MPSE) to overcome the difficulties of their integration and utilization. In this paper we present the onset of the development of computational infrastructure for the simulation of fire propagation in multiple domains using agent platforms as an informal validation of our data-driven environment for multi-physics applications (DDEMA). C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Washington, DC USA. Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, Thessaloniki, Greece. Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Code 6303, Washington, DC USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; yota@inf.uth.gr; enh@cs.purdue.edu; joshi@cs.umbc.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 732 EP 739 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900095 ER PT S AU Chaturvedi, A Chi, J Mehta, S Dolk, D AF Chaturvedi, A Chi, J Mehta, S Dolk, D BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI SAMAS: Scalable architecture for multi-resolution agent-based simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag ID TIME AB Large scale agent-based simulation has become the focus of great interest from both academy and industry in resent years. It has been shown an effective tool for understanding a variety of complex systems, such as market economics, war games, and epidemic propagation models. As the systems of interest grow in complexity, it is often desirable to have different categories of artificial agents that execute tasks on different time scales. With the added complexity, the scalability of a simulation environment becomes a crucial measure of its ability in coping with the complexity of the underlying system. In this paper, we present the design of SAMAS, a highly scalable architecture for multi-resolution agent-based simulation. SAMAS is a dynamic data driven application system (DDDAS) that adopts an efficient architecture that allows large number of agents to operate on a wide range of time scales. It uses gossiping, an efficient broadcasting communication model for maintaining the overall consistency of the simulation environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this communication model using experimental results obtained from simulation. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chaturvedi, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM alok@mgmt.purdue.edu; chij@mgmt.purdue.edu; mehta@mgmt.purdue.edu; drdolk@nps.navy.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 779 EP 788 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900101 ER PT S AU Pullen, JM Brunton, R Brutzman, D Drake, D Hieb, M Morse, KL Tolk, A AF Pullen, JM Brunton, R Brutzman, D Drake, D Hieb, M Morse, KL Tolk, A BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Using web services to integrate heterogeneous simulations in a grid environment SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag AB The distributed information technologies collectively known as Web services recently have demonstrated powerful capabilities for scalable interoperation of heterogeneous software across a wide variety of networked platforms. This approach supports a rapid integration cycle and shows promise for ultimately supporting automatic composability of services using discovery via registries. This paper presents a rationale for extending Web services to distributed simulation environments, including the High Level Architecture (HLA), together with a description and examples of the integration methodology used to develop significant prototype implementations. A logical next step is combining the power of Grid computing with Web services to facilitate rapid integration in a demanding computation and database access environment. This combination, which has been called Grid services, is an emerging research area with challenging problems to be faced in bringing Web services and Grid computing together effectively. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr C31, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Alion Sci & Technol, St Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. Old Dominion Univ, VMASC, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Pullen, JM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM mpullen@gmu.edu; RYAN.P.BRUNTON@saic.com; brutzman@nps.navy.mil; DAVID.L.DRAKE-2@saic.com; Michael.R.Hieb@us.army.mil; KATHERINE.L.MORSE@saic.com; atolk@odu.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 835 EP 847 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900108 ER PT S AU Meadows, C Pavlovic, D AF Meadows, C Pavlovic, D BE Samarati, P Ryan, P Gollmann, D Molva, R TI Deriving, attacking and defending the GDOI protocol SO COMPUTER SECURITY ESORICS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Symposium on Research in Computere Security (ESORICS 2004) CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL Sophia Antipolis, FRANCE ID AUTHENTICATION; LOGIC AB As a part of a continued effort towards a logical framework for incremental reasoning about security, we attempted a derivational reconstruction of GDOI, the protocol proposed in IETF RFC 3547 for authenticated key agreement in group communication over IPsec. The difficulties encountered in deriving one of its authentication properties led us to derive an attack that had not surfaced in the previous extensive analyses of this protocol. The derivational techniques turned out to be helpful not only for constructing, analyzing and modifying protocols, but also attacks on them. We believe that the presented results demonstrate the point the derivational approach, which tracks and formalizes the way protocols are designed informally: by refining and composing basic protocol components. After a brief over-view of the simple authentication logic, we outline a derivation of GDOI, which displays its valid security properties, and the derivations of two attacks on it, which display its undesired properties. We also discuss some modifications that eliminate these vulnerabilities. Their derivations suggest proofs of the desired authentication. At the time of writing, we are working together with the Msec Working Group to develop a solution to this problem. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kestrel Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil; dusko@kestrel.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22987-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3193 BP 53 EP 72 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAX30 UT WOS:000224070800004 ER PT B AU Denning, DE AF Denning, DE BE Herbert, A Jones, KS TI Needham-Schroeder goes to court SO COMPUTER SYSTEMS: THEORY, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ROGER NEEDHAM SE MONOGRAPHS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Roger Needham 50 and 5 Meeting CY FEB 17, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, DE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-20170-X J9 MG COMP SCI PY 2004 BP 77 EP 78 DI 10.1007/0-387-21821-1_11 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY73H UT WOS:000189450000011 ER PT B AU Denning, P AF Denning, P BE Herbert, A Jones, KS TI The design of reliable operating systems SO COMPUTER SYSTEMS: THEORY, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ROGER NEEDHAM SE MONOGRAPHS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Roger Needham 50 and 5 Meeting CY FEB 17, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Denning, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-20170-X J9 MG COMP SCI PY 2004 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1007/0-387-21821-1_12 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY73H UT WOS:000189450000012 ER PT B AU Qiao, Y Luqi Zhang, L AF Qiao, Y Luqi Zhang, L BE Gupta, B TI Design automation method for software development in complex embedded systems SO COMPUTERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Computers and Their Applications CY MAR 19-20, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE systems of embedded systems; high confidence; requirement model; design model; model mapping ID VERIFICATION AB Today, high confidence systems of embedded systems (SoES) are widely used in many fields where consequences of failures are serious. However, current approaches for, software development of monolithic embedded system cannot meet the challenges existing in SoES development. In this paper, we present a new design automation method for software development in SoES. The core of this method is the model mapping which transforms high-level high-confidence properties identified in the requirement model into some low-level constraints in the design model. This method. provides a quantitative way to handle the high confidence and keep the high confidence consistent and visible during the development process. It improves software quality and enables software automation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yqiao@nps.navy.mil; luqi@nps.navy.mil; lzhang@nps.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-50-1 PY 2004 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY92Q UT WOS:000189496800072 ER PT B AU Danly, BG Miller, SD Manheimer, W Fliflet, AW Linde, G Ngo, M Cheung, WJ AF Danly, BG Miller, SD Manheimer, W Fliflet, AW Linde, G Ngo, M Cheung, WJ BE Thumm, M Wiesbeck, W TI Opportunities for NRL WARLOC radar validation and calibration of NASA earth observing space missions SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2004 JOINT 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 17-OCT 01, 2004 CL Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Res Ctr, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, ITG Soc, VDE HO Univ Karlsruhe AB The NRL WARLOC radar is a high average power coherent W-band (94 GHz) radar now operating at the NRL Chesapeake Bay Detachment (CBD) site in Maryland. Developed by the Navy as a research radar for imaging and tracking applications, WARLOC also brings unprecedented sensitivity to the measurement of cloud parameters (including phase, morphology, and particle size and motion) at spatial resolutions unparalleled by contemporary radar systems. The NASA CloudSat satellite, planned for launch in early 2005, features a nadir pointing non-coherent W-band cloud profiling radar (CPR). As part of the "A-Train" constellation (a series of five low-earth-orbiting satellites in formation Right with the EOS Aqua platform), CloudSat will provide the first space-based cloud vertical profile information on a global scale. This paper discusses opportunities for the use of WARLOC for atmospheric physics studies in general, and potential for quantifying the instrument performance and science limitations of the CloudSat CPR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Danly, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8490-3 PY 2004 BP 807 EP 808 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBN34 UT WOS:000226274600376 ER PT S AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO BE Matthews, MB TI Three-phase sample timing on a wideband triangular array of 4/3 the usual density reduces the Nyquist rate for far-field signals by two thirds SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB RF-sampled microwave arrays are often limited by the analog-digital conversion speed available. Here the nominally required speed is reduced by a factor of three without aliasing of far-field plane-wave information by using three sample-timing phases on a triangular planar array with 4/3 the element density of the usual "optimal" element layout. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Signal Proc Theory & Methods Sect, Washington, DC USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Signal Proc Theory & Methods Sect, Washington, DC USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8622-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2004 BP 284 EP 288 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BBS96 UT WOS:000227655300054 ER PT S AU Lee, CK Fargues, MP Karunasiri, G AF Lee, CK Fargues, MP Karunasiri, G BE Matthews, MB TI Investigations of linear classifiers applied to uncooled infrared imaging face recognition SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Infrared imaging devices offer the main advantage of being robust to ambient illumination changes and recent technological advances have significantly improved the resolution of cheaper uncooled infrared (IR) versions to the point where they may become widely applicable in the IR face recognition field. This study applies two linear classification schemes; the Principal Component Analysis and the Fisherface procedure to the recognition of faces collected using an uncooled IR camera under indoor controlled conditions. Results show the selected uncooled IR camera has sufficient resolution to allow for discrimination between the subjects contained in our experimental database collected. Results show also consistent better performances for LDA than for PCA-based schemes. We also discuss the impact of the first few top eigenvectors on PCA-based classification performances. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fargues, MP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8622-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2004 BP 557 EP 561 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BBS96 UT WOS:000227655300106 ER PT S AU Ives, RW Guidry, AJ Etter, DM AF Ives, RW Guidry, AJ Etter, DM BE Matthews, MB TI Iris recognition using histogram analysis SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Iris recognition is perhaps the most accurate means of personnel identification due to the uniqueness of the patterns contained in each iris. Most commercial iris recognition systems use a patented algorithm based on two-dimensional Gabor wavelets developed by Daugman. This paper describes an alternate means to identify individuals using images of their iris. Here, we simplify the process by using preprocessed one-dimensional histograms. The methodology in forming these histograms, how they are used in enrollment and identification and performance in terms of false positives and false negatives are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8622-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2004 BP 562 EP 566 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BBS96 UT WOS:000227655300107 ER PT S AU Bonney, B Ives, R Etter, D Du, YZ AF Bonney, B Ives, R Etter, D Du, YZ BE Matthews, MB TI Iris pattern extraction using bit planes and standard deviations SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID RECOGNITION AB Iris recognition has been shown to be very, accurate for human identification. In this paper, we develop a technique for iris pattern extraction utilizing the least significant bit-plane: the least significant bit of every pixel in the image. Through binary morphology applied to the bit-plane, the pupillay boundary, of the iris is determined The limbic boundary is identified by evaluating the standard deviation of the image intensity along the vertical and horizontal axes. Because our extraction approach restricts localization techniques to evaluating only bit-planes and standard deviations, iris pattern extraction is not dependent on circular edge defection. This allows for an expanded functionality of iris identification technology by no longer requiring a frontal view, which leads to the potential for off-angle iris recognition technology. Initial results show that it is possible to fit a close elliptical approximation to an iris pattern by using only bit-planes and standard deviations for iris localization. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bonney, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8622-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2004 BP 582 EP 586 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BBS96 UT WOS:000227655300111 ER PT S AU Gergen, MM Gergen, KJ Barrett, F AF Gergen, Mary M. Gergen, Kenneth J. Barrett, Frank BE Cooperrider, DL Avital, M TI APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY AS DIALOGUE: GENERATIVE AND TRANSFORMATIVE SO CONSTRUCTIVE DISCOURSE AND HUMAN ORGANIZATION SE Advances in International Marketing: A Research Annual LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this chapter we are exploring Appreciative Inquiry within organizations through the dialogic process in its relational aspect. The present discussion is composed of four parts: An exploration of the myriad meanings of dialogue and a description of a useful orienting platform, dialogue as "discursive coordination." We then turn to the pivotal function of dialogue in the organizing process and the development of a vocabulary of discursive action with practical consequences for effective organizing. We next turn to the problematic potentials of dialogue. A contrast between generative and degenerative dialogue enables us to explore how certain forms of coordination ultimately lead to organizational growth or demise. Among our conclusions we propose that dialogue originates in public, is a form of joint-action, is embodied and contextually embedded, as well as historically and culturally situated. Dialogue may serve both positive and negative ends. Described are four aspects of dialogue - an emphasis on affirmation, productive difference, coherence, and temporal integration. Appreciative inquiry adds an enormously important element to the transformative potentials of dialogue. Other transformative practices and potentials are also described. C1 [Gergen, Mary M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gergen, Kenneth J.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Barrett, Frank] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gergen, MM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1474-7979 BN 978-0-7623-0892-7 J9 ADV INT MARKETING PY 2004 VL 1 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S1475-9152(04)01001-4 PG 25 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA BOE78 UT WOS:000276397600002 ER PT S AU Sekerka, LE McCraty, R AF Sekerka, Leslie E. McCraty, Rollin BE Cooperrider, DL Avital, M TI THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF APPRECIATION IN THE WORKPLACE SO CONSTRUCTIVE DISCOURSE AND HUMAN ORGANIZATION SE Advances in International Marketing: A Research Annual LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; POSITIVE AFFECT; EMOTIONS; STRESS; HEALTH; IMPACT; STATES; STIMULATION; MODULATION; DISCHARGE AB This chapter reviews literature in support of a model that predicts the effects of Appreciative Inquiry on physical health in the workplace. Studies that demonstrate the physiological correlates associated with the experience of appreciation are examined. A model of emotion is proposed that shows how the heart, in concert with the brain, nervous, and hormonal systems, are fundamental components of a dynamic network from which emotional experience emerges. The authors demonstrate how favorable affective experiences and appreciative processes go hand in hand - and suggest the need for further empirical investigations in the field of positive organizational change practices. C1 [Sekerka, Leslie E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sekerka, LE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1474-7979 BN 978-0-7623-0892-7 J9 ADV INT MARKETING PY 2004 VL 1 BP 217 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S1475-9152(04)01010-5 PG 23 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA BOE78 UT WOS:000276397600011 ER PT B AU Latendresse, M AF Latendresse, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Rewrite systems for symbolic evaluation of C-like preprocessing SO CSMR 2004: EIGHTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND REENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2004) CY MAR 24-26, 2004 CL Tampere, FINLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCSE, Nokia, TietoEnator, Tampere Univ Tech ol, Acad Finland, Reengineering Forum AB Parsing of programs with preprocessing directives and conditional compilation is challenging. Symbolic evaluation offers a fundamental and general approach to solve the main difficulties. It can find, for every, line of code, the Boolean expression under which it is compiled or reached and all the possible values of preprocessing variables (macros) for each line of code. Conditional values have been shown an effective representation to do fast practical symbolic evaluation of preprocessing; but their interaction with macro expansion and evaluation has not been formally investigated. We present convergent rewrite systems over conditional values that can interact with macro expansion and evaluation and transform them into Boolean expressions. Once transformed, well known simplification techniques for Boolean expressions can be applied. This entails a more complete solution to the efficient symbolic evaluation of C-preprocessing using conditional values. C1 USN, Northrop Grumman IT, FNMOC Sci & Technol Advancement Team, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Northrop Grumman IT, FNMOC Sci & Technol Advancement Team, 7 Grace Hopper, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mario.latendresse.ca@metnet.navy.mil RI Latendresse, Mario/C-9192-2014 OI Latendresse, Mario/0000-0002-6292-0158 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2107-X PY 2004 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1109/CSMR.2004.1281417 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAA61 UT WOS:000221356400017 ER PT J AU Salmoni, BA AF Salmoni, BA TI America's Iraq strategy: Democratic chimeras, regional realities SO CURRENT HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Salmoni, BA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT HIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 4225 MAIN ST PO BOX 4647, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19127 USA SN 0011-3530 J9 CURR HIST JI Curr. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 103 IS 669 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 759HR UT WOS:000187732700004 ER PT J AU Knight, DA Delehanty, JB Goldman, ER Bongard, J Streich, F Edwards, LW Chang, EL AF Knight, DA Delehanty, JB Goldman, ER Bongard, J Streich, F Edwards, LW Chang, EL TI Carboxylic acid functionalized cobalt(III) cyclen complexes for catalytic hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-CHELATOR POLYMERS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE HYDROLYSIS; MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS; PHOSPHATE-ESTERS; DNA; STABILITIES; KINETICS; PROGRESS AB 4-(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclotetradec-1-yl) methylbenzoic acid (cycmba, 1) has been synthesized, as a step towards the eventual development of sequence-specific hydrolytic complexes. A cobalt(III) complex of 1, [Co(cycmba)Cl-2]Cl.1.5H(2)O (2.1.5H(2)O) was found to be active against both an activated phosphodiester compound, bis(nitrophenyl)-phosphate (BNPP), and supercoiled DNA. The presence of the benzoate group depresses the rate of hydrolysis of the ligand-Co(III) system at neutral pH, as confirmed by the kinetics results of a methyl ester analog. The ability of (2.1.5H(2)O) to bind to solid substrates and remain active was also demonstrated by attachment of the molecule to agarose beads. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM daknight@loyno.edu; elc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265; Streich Jr, Frederick/0000-0002-7549-424X NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 13 BP 2006 EP 2011 DI 10.1039/b405307a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 833BP UT WOS:000222311700012 PM 15252588 ER PT S AU Zhang, XL AF Zhang, XL BE Ryder, SD Pisano, DJ Walker, MA Freeman, KC TI Galaxy scaling relations as a result of secular evolution SO DARK MATTER IN GALAXIES SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 220th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Dark Matter in Galaxies held at the 25th IAU General Assembly CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID SPIRAL GALAXIES AB The secular evolution process which slowly transforms the morphology of a given galaxy over its lifetime through mostly internal dynamical mechanisms could naturally account for most of the observed properties of physical galaxies (Zbang 2003a). As an emerging paradigm for galaxy evolution, its dynamical foundations had been established in the past few years (Zhang 1996, 1998, 1999). In this paper, we explore further implications of the secular morphological evolution process in reproducing the well-known scaling relations of galaxies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-167-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 220 BP 417 EP 418 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAN85 UT WOS:000223027300094 ER PT J AU Love, RH Fisher, RA Wilson, MA Nero, RW AF Love, RH Fisher, RA Wilson, MA Nero, RW TI Unusual swimbladder behavior of fish in the Cariaco Trench SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE swimbladder behavior; volume scattering; volume reverberation ID SOUND-SCATTERING; DIAPHUS-TAANINGI; CARIBBEAN SEA; ANOXIC WATERS; VENEZUELA; BASIN; DISTRIBUTIONS; BUBBLES; TRAWL; OCEAN AB An extensive acoustic and biological experiment was conducted to examine the swimbladder behavior of fish in the Cariaco Trench, off Venezuela, whose deeper waters are anoxic. Forty-eight hours of broadband (1-20 kHz) acoustic scattering measurements determined volume scattering strengths as a function of depth, frequency, and time of day. Fifty-nine successful biological trawl deployments determined species composition and their depths as a function of time of day. A swimbladder scattering model was used to correlate biological and acoustic results. The variations in swimbladder parameters required to match model results to the measured scattering strengths provide the basis of the explanation of swimbladder behavior. Adults of only two fish species, Bregmacerous cantori and Steindachneria argentea, were caught. Both species were in the upper 200 m at night and began a downward migration shortly before sunrise. S. argentea settled in the vicinity of the oxic-anoxic interface, at 300-440 m, and remained there until late afternoon. B. cantori migrated to depths greater than 800 m, deep into anoxic water. B. cantori dispersed in early afternoon and eventually congregated at depths of 360-550 m in late afternoon. Both species began an upward migration to their nighttime depths shortly before sunset. In the pre-dawn hours, scattering in the 3-8 kHz range increased dramatically. Swimbladder scattering modeling indicates that during this time swimbladder volumes expanded significantly, tension in the swimbladder walls increased, the properties of the flesh surrounding the swimbladders changed, and most importantly, the mass of gas in the swimbladders increased. The modeling further indicates that both species use the oxygen added before dawn to survive in their respective hostile environments during the day. Thus, the results of this experiment indicate that fish inhabiting the Cariaco Trench are able to live at hostile depths during the daytime because of changes they make to their swimbladders during the nighttime, before descending to those depths. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 BayouAcoust, Pass Christian, MS 39571 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Love, RH (reprint author), BayouAcoust, 209 Baywood Dr, Pass Christian, MS 39571 USA. EM rklove@goldinc.com NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2003.09.004 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 874UJ UT WOS:000225375300001 ER PT S AU Korman, MS Alberts, WCK Sabatier, JM AF Korman, MS Alberts, WCK Sabatier, JM BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Nonlinear acoustic experiments for landmine detection: the significance of the top plate normal modes SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nonlinear; acoustic; landmine detection ID MINE DETECTION; ELASTICITY AB in nonlinear acoustic detection experiments involving a buried inert VS 2.2 anti-tank landmine, airborne sound at two closely spaced primary frequencies f(1) and f(2) couple into the ground and interact nonlinearly with the soil-top pressure plate interface. Scattering generates soil vibration at the surface at the combination frequencies \m f(1) +- n f(2)\, where m and n are integers. The normal component of the particle velocity at the soil surface has been measured with a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) and with a geophone by Sabatier et. al. [SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4742, (695-700), 2002; Vol. 5089, (476-486), 2003] at the gravel lane test site. Spatial profiles of the particle velocity measured for both primary components and for various combination frequencies indicate that the modal structure of the mine is playing an important role. Here, an experimental modal analysis is performed on a VS 1.6 inert anti-tank mine that is resting on sand but is not buried. Five top-plate mode shapes are described. The mine is then buried in dry finely sifted natural loess soil and excited at f(1) = 120 Hz and f(2) = 130 Hz. Spatial profiles at the primary components and the nonlinearly generated f(1) - (f(2) - f(1)) component are characterized by a single peak. For the 2f(1) + f(2) and 2f(2) + f(1) components, the doubly peaked profiles can be attributed to the familiar mode shape of a timpani drum (that is shifted lower in frequency due to soil mass loading). Other nonlinear profiles appear to be due to a mixture of modes. This material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate under Contract DAAB15-02-C-0024. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.542574 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100006 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ AF Dobeck, GJ BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Robust score-based feature vectors for algorithm fusion SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE sea mines; naval mines; automatic detection; automatic classification; sensor fusion; data fusion; algorithm fusion; side-looking sonar; side-scan sonar; sonar imagery; Fisher-ratio ID SEA MINE DETECTION; COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION; SCAN SONAR IMAGERY; SHALLOW-WATER; CLASSIFICATION AB A new technique for constructing score-based feature vectors for Algorithm fusion is presented. Algorithm fusion is the combining (fusing) of the outputs of multiple detection and classification (D/C) algorithms to generate a final target/nontarget decision. A 2-class D/C problem is considered: Target and Nontarget. It is assumed that multiple D/C algorithms are used to process that same raw sensor data. It is further assumed that each algorithm produces a nonnegative score for each detected object that is a measure of the degree of "target-likeness." (A score of zero is assigned to any D/C algorithm that did not detect a particular object that had been detected by another algorithm.) Several new score-based feature vectors are constructed using only the scores of the individual D/C algorithms. The feature vectors can be used as input to any feature-based classifier; for this paper, the 2-class linear classifier based on maximizing the Fisher ratio criterion has proven very effective. The different score-based feature vectors have different dimensionality. In light of Bellman's curse of dimensionality, this permits one to select the feature vector whose size is most compatible with the size of the training data set. Consequently, robust performance can be achieved. C1 USN Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.542731 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100031 ER PT S AU Crosby, F AF Crosby, F BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Real-time multispectral video registration SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB Registering video imagery in real-time is a demanding process. Multispectral imagery adds complexity due to the variances between different bands. This paper demonstrates a process that registers airborne multispectral imagery at a rate of thirty frames per second. It can create both mosaics and multispectral sets from a camera that captures a cycle of spectral bands with each spectral band in a separate video frame. A series of phase correlation measurements provides subpixel accuracy. Roll, pitch and yaw variances are corrected with complex polynomial interpolation. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1117/12.537233 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100055 ER PT S AU Stetson, S Weber, H Crosby, F Tinsley, K Kloess, E Nevis, A Holloway, J Witherspoon, N AF Stetson, S Weber, H Crosby, F Tinsley, K Kloess, E Nevis, A Holloway, J Witherspoon, N BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Airborne laser diode array illuminator assessment for the night vision's airborne mine detection arid test SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser diode array; active illuminator; nighttime reconnaissance; minefield detection AB The Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technologies (ALRT) project has developed and tested a nighttime operational minefield detection capability using commercial off-the-shelf high-power Laser Diode Arrays (LDAs). The Coastal System Station's ALRT project, under funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR), has been designing, developing, integrating, and testing commercial arrays using a Cessna airborne platform over the last several years. This has led to the development of the Airborne Laser Diode Array Illuminator wide field-of-view (ALDAI-W) imaging test bed system. The ALRT project tested ALDAI-W at the Army's Night Vision Lab's Airborne Mine Detection Arid Test. By participating in Night Vision's test, ALRT was able to collect initial prototype nighttime operational data using ALDAI-W, showing impressive results and pioneering the way for final test bed demonstration conducted in September 2003. This paper describes the ALDAI-W Arid Test and results, along with processing steps used to generate imagery. C1 USN, Surface Warface Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stetson, S (reprint author), USN, Surface Warface Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.1117/12.583146 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100056 ER PT S AU Stetson, S Suiter, H Holloway, J Nevis, A Crosby, F Tinsley, K Pham, C Witherspoon, N AF Stetson, S Suiter, H Holloway, J Nevis, A Crosby, F Tinsley, K Pham, C Witherspoon, N BE Harmon, RS Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Laser diode array demonstration results for nighttime operational naval reconnaissance SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE laser diode array; active illuminator; nighttime reconnaissance; mine detection; minefield detection; remote sensing; unmanned aerial vehicles AB The Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technologies (ALRT) project has developed and successfully demonstrated a nighttime operational minefield detection capability using commercial off-the-shelf high-power Laser Diode Arrays (LDAs). The Coastal System Station's ALRT project, under funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR), has been designing, developing, integrating, and testing commercial arrays using a Cessna airborne platform over the last several years. This has led to the development of three test bed variants, as reported on last year: the Airborne Laser Diode Array Illuminator prototype (ALDAI-P), the original commercial array version (ALDAI-C), and the most recent wide field-of-view commercial version (ALDAI-W). Using the ALDAI-W variant because of its increased operational capabilities with higher altitudes and wider field of views, ALRT recently demonstrated nighttime operation by detecting minefields over several background variations, expanding Naval reconnaissance capabilities that had been previously limited to daytime operation. This paper describes the demonstration and shows results of the ALDAI-W test. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Stetson, S (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5338-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5415 BP 597 EP 607 DI 10.1117/12.543051 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBB07 UT WOS:000224464100060 ER PT S AU Nagy, B Allwein, G AF Nagy, B Allwein, G BE Blackwell, A Marriott, K Shimojima, A TI Diagrams and non-monotonicity in puzzles SO DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Diagrams CY MAR 22-24, 2004 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Cognit Sci Soc, USN Off Naval Res, Engn & Phys Sci REs Council DE puzzles; diagrammatic reasoning; non-monotonic reasoning AB Liar puzzles have been popularized by Raymond Smullyan in several books. This paper presents a logical and diagrammatic examination of such puzzles in terms of a epistemic truth values. Also, non-monotonic reasoning may occur as new information is learned about a puzzle. This paper presents a way to think about such non-monotonic reasoning which does not involve the use of a non-monotonic logic but instead utilizes context shifts among static logics. The information coming from the presented diagrams is timeless, it is a monotonic back-bone of the whole non-monotonic knowledge. C1 Univ Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. EM nbenedek@math.klte.hu; allwein@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Nagy, Benedek/A-5415-2008; Nagy, Benedek/P-3006-2016 OI Nagy, Benedek/0000-0002-9494-6440; Nagy, Benedek/0000-0002-9494-6440 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21268-X J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 2980 BP 82 EP 96 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY88M UT WOS:000189486500010 ER PT S AU Du, YZ Ives, R Etter, D Welch, T AF Du, YZ Ives, R Etter, D Welch, T BE Driggers, RG Huckridge, DA TI A new approach to iris pattern recognition SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP SPIE, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Dci Res, USAF Res Lab, QinetiQ, Sira DE iris identification; adaptive thresholding; iris pattern AB An iris identification algorithm is proposed based on adaptive thresholding. The iris images are processed fully in the spatial domain using the distinct features (patterns) of the iris. A simple adaptive thresholding method is used to segment these patterns from the rest of an iris image. This method could possibly be utilized for partial iris recognition since it relaxes the requirement of using a majority of the iris to produce an iris template to compare with the database. In addition, the simple thresholding scheme can improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm. Preliminary results have shown that the method is very effective. However, further testing and improvements are envisioned. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5565-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5612 BP 104 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.578789 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBO82 UT WOS:000226768900012 ER PT S AU Krapels, K Jones, T Driggers, RG Teaney, B AF Krapels, K Jones, T Driggers, RG Teaney, B BE Driggers, RG Huckridge, DA TI Target detection in color imagery: On the path to a color target acquisition model SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems CY OCT 25-27, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP SPIE, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Dci Res, USAF Res Lab, QinetiQ, Sira DE color; signal to noise; target acquisition; electro-optics performance modeling AB Existing target acquisition models are effective in the prediction of Target Acquisition (TA) performance for monochrome or single band imagers (visible or infrared). There is currently no performance model for color imagers or fused imagery rendered on color displays. This study is a first step in extending the intensity contrast-based TA models to a three-dimensional color space. The monochrome TA model was developed with a variable, perceived signal to noise ratio threshold (SNRT), in contrast space, to determine target detection probability. In this research, we determined the noise-limited SNRT in the chroma direction for three equally spaced hue angles of CIELAB (Commission Internationale Eclairage L* A* B*) color space. The comparison of the chroma SNRT in these three hues of L*, a*, b* space that may allow an extension of the noise-limited sensor model to this three-dimensional space for color display modeling. Such a model improvement would result in a sensor performance model for both color imagers and for fused imaging color displays. This study investigates the target detection signal to noise threshold of single targets in a noisy color background. Noise is described in terms of signals of both target and noise at three different hues. Target images are presented to observers who are required to locate the target and select it with a mouse. The format of each experiment is that of a "forced choice" human detection perceptual experiment. The images are 64 pixel square with targets of one or four pixels. The results are the signal to noise thresholds in the chroma direction for the three different hues. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5565-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5612 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1117/12.579771 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBO82 UT WOS:000226768900031 ER PT J AU Paik, CH Jarvi, TD O'Grady, WE AF Paik, CH Jarvi, TD O'Grady, WE TI Extent of PEMFC cathode surface oxidation by oxygen and water measured by CV SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE-GROWTH; PLATINUM; PT(111); O-2; REDUCTION; KINETICS; METALS; ENVIRONMENTS; DEPENDENCE AB The influence of gas-phase oxygen on platinum surface oxidation in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes was investigated. Catalyst layers were exposed to 4, 21, and 100% O-2 for a fixed time at +0.85 and +0.95 V-RHE. The extent of surface oxidation was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The extent of Pt surface oxidation increased relative to the corresponding O-2-free potential hold at +0.85 V-RHE. The extent of oxidation was directly proportional to oxygen concentration, and increased with time exposed to the oxygen-containing gas. Pt surface oxidation was not influenced by gas-phase O-2 concentration at +0.95 V-RHE. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 UTC Fuel Cells, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paik, CH (reprint author), UTC Fuel Cells, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. EM tom.jarvi@utcfuelcells.com NR 24 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 4 BP A82 EP A84 DI 10.1149/1.1649698 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 778WV UT WOS:000189265100004 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Collins, GE Evans, T Hammond, M Wang, J Mulchandani, A AF Lu, Q Collins, GE Evans, T Hammond, M Wang, J Mulchandani, A TI Vapor and liquid phase detection of cyanide on a microchip SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; cyanide; microchip; miniaturization; 2,3-naphthatene dicarboxaldehyde ID HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; FLOW-INJECTION; AIR; SYSTEMS AB A capillary electrophoresis microchip is used to selectively and sensitively monitor cya- nide levels in both vapor (HCN(g)) and aqueous (NaCN in drinking water) phases. Laser-induced fluorescence detection is applied using a violet diode laser to monitor the fluorescent isoindole derivative formed by the reaction of cyanide with 2,3-naphthal-enedicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and taurine. Air sampling of hydrogen cyanide is achieved using a miniature impinger (2 mL), giving collection efficiencies as high as 79% for a sampling rate of 1.0 L/min and a 10 s sampling time (relative standard deviation RSD: 2.7% for n = 5). Following the addition of NDA and taurine to either the vapor phase impinger sample or an aqueous drinking water sample, the NDA/cyanide derivative can be detected in just over 40 s on the microchip, giving a detection limit of 0.56 mug/L and a linear dynamic range from 0.56 mug/L-2.4 mg/L. The detection limit for hydrogen cyanide in air was determined to be 2.3 ppb (mole%). On-chip derivatization of cyanide by NDA was successful, although a 50% decrease in signal intensity was observed due to insufficient time for completion of the reaction on the microchip. A number of different interferents were examined, and only iron(II) and chlorine showed any interference due to their capability for masking the presence of cyanide by reacting with free cyanide in solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gcollins@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016 OI Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1002/elps.200305710 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 767AU UT WOS:000188417100015 PM 14730575 ER PT B AU Vann, MG AF Vann, Michael G. BA Evans, M BF Evans, M TI 'All the World's a Stage', Especially in the Colonies: L'Exposition de Hanoi, 1902-3 SO EMPIRE AND CULTURE: THE FRENCH EXPERIENCE, 1830-1940 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vann, Michael G.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Vann, Michael G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Vann, MG (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-00068-1 PY 2004 BP 181 EP 191 D2 10.1057/9780230000681 PG 11 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BPU48 UT WOS:000280008700013 ER PT S AU Brutzman, D Tolk, A AF Brutzman, D Tolk, A BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI JSB composability and web services interoperanility via extensible modeling & simulation framework (XMSF) and model driven architecture (MDA) SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Extensible Markup Language (XML); Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework; (XMSF); Joint Synthetic Battlespace (JSB); Large-Scale Virtual Environments (LSVE); Model Driven Architecture (MDA); Modeling & Simulation (M&S); M&S repositories; Web services AB This paper summarizes research work conducted by academic and commercial organizations concerned with interoperable distributed information technology (IT) applications. Although the application focus is distributed modeling & simulation (M&S) the results and findings are in general easily applicable to other distributed concepts as well, in particular the support of operations by M&S applications, such as distributed mission operations. The core idea of this paper is to show the necessity of applying open standards for component description, implementation, and integration accompanied by aligned management processes and procedures to enable continuous interoperability for legacy and new M&S components of the live, virtual, and constructive domain within the USAF Joint Synthetic Battlespace (JSB). The applied methods are derived from the Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework (XMSF) and the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) ensuring reuse, composability, and orchestration of heterogeneous components to fulfill user-driven requirements for persistent and ad-hoc IT federations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brutzman, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1117/12.554509 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700030 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Beal, EJ Lloyd, CT Hardy, DR Mushrush, GW Hughes, JM AF Wynne, JH Beal, EJ Lloyd, CT Hardy, DR Mushrush, GW Hughes, JM TI Soybean-derived fuel liquids as additives for middle distillate transportation fuels SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; soybean fuels; middle distillate; methyl esters; instability AB It has been proposed that biodiesel liquids be used as a blending stock for middle distillate ground transportation fuels by the military. The U. S. Navy is considering allowing up to 20% biodiesel to be added as a blending stock to petroleum diesel fuels. It is important for operational consideration to look at the many problems this could present. Among the more important considerations are storage stability, filterability, fuel compatibility, oxidative stability, and induced instability reactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD USA. W Springfield High Sch, Dept Sci, Springfield, VA USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem 3E2, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD JAN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1080/00908310490251891 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 766CA UT WOS:000188326800003 ER PT S AU Hummel, CA AF Hummel, CA BE Allen, C Scarfe, C TI Observations of the triple star eta virginis with a long baseline optical interferometer SO ENVIRONMENT AND EVOLUTION OF DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE STARS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 191 on the Environment and Evolution of Double and Multiple Stars CY FEB 03-07, 2003 CL Merida, MEXICO SP IAU Commiss 26 DE stars : individual (eta virginis); stars : fundamental parameters ID ORBITS AB We observed the hierarchical triple star Eta Virginis with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer and present the first images resolving all three components. The stars in the close pair have a separation between 4 and 9 milliarcseconds. The orbital motions of the stars were followed during the winter and spring of 2002. Preliminary, astrometrically determined orbits of the. two components in the close pair by reference to the tertiary were derived, thus enabling the estimation of the mass ratio (1.27) of the components in the close pair. We also determined the relative orbital inclination to be 31 degrees. We describe the model-fitting process to interferometric and spectroscopic data, and discuss some astrophysical component parameters. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1159-3 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 21 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBF88 UT WOS:000225291100008 ER PT S AU Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD AF Hartkopf, WI Mason, BD BE Allen, C Scarfe, C TI Addressing confusion in double nomenclature: The Washington Multiplicity Catalog SO ENVIRONMENT AND EVOLUTION OF DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE STARS SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 191 on the Environment and Evolution of Double and Multiple Stars CY FEB 03-07, 2003 CL Merida, MEXICO SP IAU Commiss 26 DE stars : binaries AB Advances in instrumentation and reduction methods are blurring the historical distinctions between various classes of double stars. One result of this is increasing confusion in double star nomenclature, as the conventions followed by different observers are sometimes incompatible. The Washington Multiplicity Catalog is presented as a means of developing a single nomenclature scheme for all types of doubles, as well as a comprehensive database for all duplicity information. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20390 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 970-32-1159-3 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2004 VL 21 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBF88 UT WOS:000225291100021 ER PT B AU Qiao, Y Qi, L AF Qiao, Y Qi, L BE Arabnia, HR Yang, LT TI Admission control for dynamic software reconfiguration in systems of embedded systems SO ESA'04 & VLSI'04, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Internation Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications/International Conference on VLSI CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV DE embedded software; systems of embedded systems; dynamic software reconfiguration; high confidence; schedulability AB High confidence is critical for systems of embedded systems (SoES) since this kind of systems are widely used in the field where consequences of failures are very serious. Although many methods have been proposed to deal with dynamic software reconfiguration in embedded systems, they ignore the potential risk for high confidence of SoES caused by configuration changes. In this paper we initially take this situation into consideration by presenting an admission control method to prevent dynamic software reconfiguration from violating high confidence of SoES. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Qiao, Y (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-41-6 PY 2004 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK61 UT WOS:000225884700020 ER PT B AU Shulman, I Kindle, JC deRada, S Anderson, SC Penta, B Martin, PJ AF Shulman, I Kindle, JC deRada, S Anderson, SC Penta, B Martin, PJ BE Spaulding, ML TI Development of a hierarchy of nested models to study the California Current System. SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Monterey, CA ID OCEAN; PACIFIC AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a hierarchy of differing resolution data assimilating models in the Pacific Ocean, which includes global models, regional U.S. West Coast models, and high resolution coastal models such as for the Monterey Bay area. The three regional U. S. West Coast models (from 30 degrees N to 49 degrees N), designed to study the California Current System, are based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), called NCOM-CCS, and the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), respectively. The NCOM-CCS formulation is a parallel version model capable of running reliably on many computer platforms. The model has nesting capabilities and offers the choice of using the sigma or a hybrid (sigma-z) vertical coordinate. The NCOM-CCS model also includes a coupled ecosystem model based on Chai et al., 2002. A variety of scientific issues related to model initialization, forcing, open boundary conditions, and model spin up are discussed. The focus of this paper is on: the sensitivity of the horizontal resolution of atmospheric forcing on the NCOM-CCS model predictive skills; the impact of open boundary conditions and coupling with global models on reproducing major hydrographic conditions in the California Current System; and the analysis of the model mixed layer predictions and data assimilation issues. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made between observations and model predictions for October 2000 - December of 2001 period. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0734-7 PY 2004 BP 74 EP 88 DI 10.1061/40734(145)6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBW43 UT WOS:000228129600006 ER PT S AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Meucci, R Yordanov, O TI Bistability and low frequency oscillations in transistor circuits SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY ID L-DIODE CIRCUIT; CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR AB It is known from extensive work with the diode resonator that the nonlinear properties of a PN junction can lead to period doubling, chaos, and other complicated behaviors in a driven circuit. There has been very little work on what happens when more than one PN junction is present. In this work, in addition to the usual period doubling and chaos, I observe low frequency oscillations caused by bistability in several different transistor amplifier circuits. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0226-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 742 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BBO96 UT WOS:000226788300005 ER PT S AU Moniz, L Nichols, J Trickey, S Seaver, M Pecora, L Carroll, TL AF Moniz, L Nichols, J Trickey, S Seaver, M Pecora, L Carroll, TL BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Meucci, R Yordanov, O TI Detecting structural damage using holder continuity and chaotic forcing SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY ID SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION AB We describe an experiment using a chaotically driven metal plate with incremental damage. Damage in the plate is manifested as a local change in the plate's response (loss of stiffness). We develop a statistical test for Holder continuity and demonstrate its use by examining the map between responses of the undamaged plate and responses of the damaged plate at various damage levels. We show that the statistical Holder test indicates loss of differentiable synchronization between responses as the plate is damaged and can thereby serve as a detector of structural damage in similar scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moniz, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0226-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 742 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BBO96 UT WOS:000226788300046 ER PT J AU Schmitt, PM AF Schmitt, PM TI On perceptions of fairness: The role of valuations, outside options, and information in ultimatum bargaining games SO EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ultimatum games; bargaining; experiments; fairness ID ONE-SIDED UNCERTAINTY; INCOMPLETE INFORMATION; COMPETITION; PUNISHMENT; OFFERS AB This study examines fairness perceptions in ultimatum bargaining games with asymmetric payoffs, outside options, and different information states. Fairness perceptions were dependent on treatment conditions. Specifically, when proposers had higher chip values, dollar offers were lower than when responders had higher chip values. When responders had an outside option, offers were higher and were rejected less often than when proposers had an outside option. However, a given offer was rejected more often when responders had an outside option. Therefore, similar to the first mover advantage, the "advantaged" or "entitled" player received a higher monetary payoff than they would otherwise. When there was complete information about payoff amounts (payoff conversion rates and outside options), rejections occurred more often, and given offer amounts were rejected more often than when there was incomplete information. When there was incomplete information, offers were higher in the initial rounds than in the final rounds. These results suggest that proposers made offers strategically, making offers that would not be rejected, rather than out of a concern for fairness. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schmitt, PM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd 10-D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pschmitt@usna.edu NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4157 J9 EXP ECON JI Exp. Econ. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 73 DI 10.1023/A:1026210021955 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 872IT UT WOS:000225201600003 ER PT J AU Venkataramani, VS Amin, A McEvoy, KP Brewer, JA AF Venkataramani, VS Amin, A McEvoy, KP Brewer, JA TI Dielectric loss reduction of ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate sound projector drivers SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE lead magnesium niobate; lead fitanate; sound projector drivers; dielectric loss; ferroelectric AB Improvement of the large signal dielectric loss of a commercialferroelectirc lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) sound projector driver has been achieved without sacrificing other electromechanical properties. Length extensional resonators fabricated from the modified composition have been characterized for dielectric losses, 33-mode electromechanical coupling, and acoustic energy density under uniaxial compressive stress and large signal drive requirements for sound projectors. Selective doping and microstructural control have been used to achieve the desired properties. C1 GE Co, Global Res Ctr, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP GE Co, Global Res Ctr, 1 Res Circle, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. EM venkata@crd.ge.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 306 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1080/00150190490456989 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 842TX UT WOS:000223028300010 ER PT J AU Potukuchi, DM George, AK Carboni, C Al-Harthi, SH Naciri, J AF Potukuchi, DM George, AK Carboni, C Al-Harthi, SH Naciri, J TI Low frequency dielectric relaxation, spontaneous polarization, optical tilt angle and response time investigations in a flourinated ferroelectric liquid crystal, N125F2(R*) SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric liquid crystals; dielectric relaxation; goldstone and soft modes ID PHASE SEQUENCE; ASTERISK; THEORIE; SERIES; CORE AB Experimental investigations of thermal microscopy, low frequency dielectric relaxation, spontaneous polarization P-s(T), optical tilt angle theta(T) and response times tau(s)(T) are carried out in a fluorinated ferroelectric liquid crystal, N125F2(R*) exhibiting smectic-A and smectic-C* phases. Dielectric loss in the smectic-A phase exhibits single Debye's relaxation in the MHz region. The smectic-C* phase exhibits two relaxations, viz., a Goldstone mode at similar to500 Hz and another at a much higher frequency, similar to5 MHz. The Arrhenius shift of Smectic-A relaxation frequency (f(R)) gives an activation energy of 1.5 eV The influence of temperature and applied voltage on the smectic-C* Goldstone mode relaxation is studied. In the smectic-C* high frequency relaxation mode, the relaxation frequency (relevant to the tilt) is found to increase with decreasing temperature. The temperature variation of the reciprocal of the dielectric strength (1/Deltaepsilon(s)) above the smectic-A-smectic-C* phase transition qualitatively supports the Curie-Weiss law. Temperature variation of primary (tilt) and secondary (P-s) order parameters are presented. The temperature variation of tau(s) in the smectic-C* phase studied through square wave technique is presented. The influence of fluorine atoms on the rigid core part of the present ferroelectric liquid crystal on the physical properties exhibited in it's smectic-C* phase is discussed. C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Muscat, Oman. Jawaharlal Nehru Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Engn, Kakinada 533003, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George, AK (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, POB-36,PC 123, Muscat, Oman. EM akgeorge@squ.edu.om NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 300 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1080/00150190490442245 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 832XL UT WOS:000222300900007 ER PT S AU Pique, A Mathews, SA Auyeung, RC Ollinger, M Kim, H Pratap, B Arnold, CB Sutto, TE AF Pique, A Mathews, SA Auyeung, RC Ollinger, M Kim, H Pratap, B Arnold, CB Sutto, TE BE Miyamoto, I Helvajian, H Itoh, K Kobayashi, KF Ostendorf, A Sugioka, K TI Application of laser direct-write techniques for embedding electronic and micropower components (LPM 2004 Outstanding Oral Paper Award) SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LASER PRECISION MICROFABRICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication CY MAY 11-14, 2004 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Japan Laser Proc Soc, RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, AIST, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Nara Convent Bureau, Asahi Glass Fdn, Jao Fdn Arts & Sci DE laser direct-write; laser micromachining; embedded electronics; microbatteries AB Significant reduction in weight and volume for a given circuit design can be obtained by embedding the required surface mount devices, bare die and power source elements into the circuit board. In addition, embedded structures allow for improved electrical performance and enhanced function integration within traditional circuit board substrates and non-traditional surfaces such as the external case. Laser-based direct-write techniques can be used for developing such embedded structures at a fraction of the cost and in less time that it would take to develop system-on-chip alternatives such as ASIC's. Laser micromachining has been used in the past to machine vias and trenches on circuit board substrates with great precision, while laser forward transfer has been used to deposit patterns and multilayers of various electronic materials. This paper describes recent work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory using the above laser direct-write techniques to machine the surface and deposit the materials required to embed, connect and encapsulate individual electronic components and microbatteries inside a plastic substrate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5623-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5662 BP 564 EP 569 DI 10.1117/12.596562 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBC40 UT WOS:000224751600091 ER PT S AU Kim, W Palilis, LC Makinen, AJ Kim, H Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, W Palilis, LC Makinen, AJ Kim, H Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH BE Fruehauf, N Chalamala, BR Gnade, BE Jang, J TI Polymer electrodes for flexible organic light-emitting devices SO FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS 2004-MATERIALS AND DEVICE TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flexible Electronics-Materials and Device Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; SILOLE DERIVATIVES; TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTIVE COATINGS; DIODES; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE); EMISSION; ZONE AB We report a high luminance and low operating voltage molecular organic light-emitting diode (MOLED) using a conducting polymer hole-injecting electrode (anode) on a plastic substrate. A dramatic improvement in the rectification ratio is observed upon the insertion of a buffer layer between the conducting polymer anode and the organic hole-transporting layer (HTL). Micro-shorts leading to a leakage current caused by the non-uniformity of the polymer film are greatly reduced. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images show a much smoother surface of the polymer anode/buffer layer relative to that of the bare polymer film. A slight increase (0.3eV +/- 0.2eV) in the work function of the polymer anode upon the addition of the buffer layer is also measured. A simple method of patterning the conducting polymer electrode on various substrates including plastics is also reported. This approach conveniently provides finely patterned conducting polymer films with mum resolution while maintaining their intrinsic electrical and optical properties such as the surface sheet resistance and the optical transmittance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-764-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 814 BP 343 EP 353 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA63 UT WOS:000224425500045 ER PT B AU Guth, PL Oertel, O Benard, G Thibaud, W AF Guth, PL Oertel, O Benard, G Thibaud, W BE Santucci, G Klas, W Bertolotto, M Calero, C Baresi, L TI Pocket panorama: 3D GIS on a handheld device SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2003) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL ROME, ITALY SP Univ Roma La Sapienza, Microsoft Res, IBM WebSphere, Banca Italia, ERCIM AB PocketPanorama, an original client-server application, provides mapping data and 3D terrain visualizations to a handheld Pocket PC The Pocket PC acts as a client to a server PC, which contains all data and performs all display manipulations. The terrain visualization displayed on the client uses the GPS positions transmitted by the, Pocket PC All exchanges use the http protocol and remain independent of the network connection used. Within the United States, a networked Pocket PC can automatically obtain high resolution maps or aerial photography around its position with a single click of the stylus from the Terraserver web site. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2103-7 PY 2004 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY95E UT WOS:000189503000011 ER PT S AU Oh, ES Ricklin, JC Gilbreath, GC Vallestero, NJ Eaton, FD AF Oh, ES Ricklin, JC Gilbreath, GC Vallestero, NJ Eaton, FD BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Optical turbulence model for laser propagation and Imaging applications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB We evaluate a simple model for predicting and understanding the structural behavior Of C-n(2) for a specific location, date, time, and given environmental parameters. This model is compared with C-n(2) data taken at the Chesapeake Bay Detachment of the Naval Research Laboratory in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland. This simplified model predicts and explains the fluctuation in C-n(2) reasonably well, and also shows that C-n(2) is a strong function of solar irradiation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oh, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.504556 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100003 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Research in free space optical data transfer at the US Naval Research Laboratory SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB In this paper, a review of the progress and initiatives in free space optical data transfer and communications at the Naval Research Laboratory is presented. NRL has been investing in research and development in optical communications and laser ranging, both conventional, and advanced. Efforts include developing amplifiers and components for lasers to be used in long range, one-way and retro-reflected links. NRL has been developing Multiple Quantum Well retromodulators for space-based and terrestrial-based applications as well. These include spacecraft-to-spacecraft data links for navigation and communications, intra-bus networks on spacecraft, and optical tagging. Terrestrial applications in the eyesafe regime have led to additional studies in how the atmosphere affects one-way and modulated retroreflected signals in the maritime environment, in particular. New results from retro-diversity experiments, over-the-water propagation studies, and field tests are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.507917 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100024 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Mahon, R Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Binari, SC AF Goetz, PG Mahon, R Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Binari, SC BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI High-speed large area surface-normal multiple quantum well modulators SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE FSO; free-space optics; modulating retroreflector; MRR; multiple quantum well; MQW; coupled well ID RETROREFLECTOR; FIELD AB Since 1998, the Naval Research Laboratory has been developing modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) for free-space optical (FSO) communication links. Using an MRR is beneficial for asymmetric links containing one node with weight or power constraints, such as ground-to-air links. An MRR configuration shifts most of the power, weight, and pointing requirements onto one node. To close an MRR link at any significant distance, the area of the modulator must be fairly large. Using a large area limits the data rate, since capacitance is proportional to area. Resistance also depends on device size, although not in the same manner. To increase the data rate, we designed a top metal contact that diminishes the effect of the semiconductor resistivity. Using this new top contact design decreases the rise time from approximately 2.6 mus to 60 ns using the same water structure. However, increasing the data rate increases the power input and results in self-heating, which changes the optimal operating wavelength of MQW modulators. Accordingly, a new coupled quantum well structure is designed. The new design lowers the required drive voltage, which in turn lowers the power consumption, increases yield, and simplifies drive circuitry. The lower power input also reduces the modulation rate dependence of the wavelength. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5654,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.507768 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100038 ER PT S AU Suite, MR Burris, HR Moore, CI Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Jackson, C Stell, MF Davis, MA Rabinovich, WS Scharpf, WJ Reed, AE Gilbreath, GC AF Suite, MR Burris, HR Moore, CI Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Jackson, C Stell, MF Davis, MA Rabinovich, WS Scharpf, WJ Reed, AE Gilbreath, GC BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Fast steering mirror implementation for reduction of focal-spot wander in a long-distance free-space communication link SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-space optical communication; laser communications; fast steering mirror AB One of the causes of power loss in a free-space optical communication link is beam motion or received spot wander. The power spectrum of the spot motion indicates that most of the frequency content is less than similar to500 Hz. A fast steering mirror (FSM) controlled by a position-sensing detector (PSD) has the potential to correct for a significant portion of the focal spot position fluctuations and thus the power loss. A FSM controlled with a Germanium PSD was installed on the receiver at the NRL Chesapeake Bay free-space lasercomm test facility. Results are presented from the initial tests performed using this system to measure and correct for wander of an optical beam propagated across the bay (20 mile round-trip). C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Suite, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1117/12.507701 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100048 ER PT S AU Vilcheck, MJ Burris, HR Moore, CI Stell, MF Suite, MR Davis, MA Mahon, R Oh, E Scharpe, WJ Rabinovich, WS Reed, AE Gilbreath, GC AF Vilcheck, MJ Burris, HR Moore, CI Stell, MF Suite, MR Davis, MA Mahon, R Oh, E Scharpe, WJ Rabinovich, WS Reed, AE Gilbreath, GC BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Progress in high-speed communication at the NRL Chesapeake Bay lasercomm testbed SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-space optical communication; lasercomm; bit error rate AB The Naval Center for Space Technology at the Naval Research Laboratory has been operating a long-range, maritime, free-space optical communications facility located between Chesapeake Beach, MD and Tilghman, Island, MD. The two sections of the facility are separated by 16.2 km of the Chesapeake Bay. The facility permits one-way communications with the transmitter and receiver at opposite ends as well as double pass communications using a retroreflector array on Tilghman Island and the transmitter and receiver located together at Chesapeake Beach. Over the past year, a ball lens has been incorporated to couple the returned free-space light into an optical fiber. This ball lens makes the coupling much less sensitive to angle. With the lens, averaged coupled power into the receive fiber increased from 50 muW to 130 muW. Link statistics including fade rate and bit error rate are included for a typical summer afternoon for the double pass configuration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vilcheck, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 466 EP 473 DI 10.1117/12.507850 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100051 ER PT S AU Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, MR Stell, MF Vilcheck, MJ Davis, MA Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Oh, E Scharpf, WJ Reed, AE AF Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, MR Stell, MF Vilcheck, MJ Davis, MA Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Oh, E Scharpf, WJ Reed, AE BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Spatial intensity correlation and aperture averaging measurements in a 20 mile retro-reflected lasercom link SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free space lasercom; spatial coherence; spatial correlations; aperture averaging; free-space optical communications; scintillation AB The Naval Research Laboratory has established a lasercom test bed across the Chesapeake Bay. The test bed uses a bi-static transmitter/receiver arrangement on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay and various configurations of 5 cm retro-reflectors on the eastern shore to produce a 32 km retro-reflected lasercom test range. Experiments measuring the laser's transverse spatial profile after propagation over the test range have been performed. These experiments use an InGaAs CCD to image the pupil plane of the 40 cm receiver telescope and a frame grabber to store contiguous images for analysis. Analysis of these image sequences allows measurement of transverse spatial correlations across the received beam after 32 kin retro-reflected propagation of the beam. Various configurations and numbers of retro-reflectors were studied to investigate the impact of number and arrangement of retro-reflectors on the received beam's spatial profile and spatial correlations. Additionally, since the CCD output is stored as a contiguous stream of images, analysis of these images' intensity variance in time allows measurement of aperture averaging effects as a function of number of retro-reflectors and their geometry. Results from these experiments are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Syst Technol Branch, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 474 EP 482 DI 10.1117/12.507864 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100052 ER PT S AU Watkins, RJ Chen, HJ Agrawal, BN Shin, YS AF Watkins, RJ Chen, HJ Agrawal, BN Shin, YS BE Mecherle, GS Young, CY Stryjewski, JS TI Optical beam jitter control SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XVI CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA DE pointing; laser communication; jitter rejection; fast steering mirrors AB For several future imaging and communications spacecraft, a challenging area of technology development is the fine acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) control of the spacecraft and its payload. For example, some spacecraft with large aperture(s) in the range of 10similar to30 m diameter requires a few arc-seconds accuracy, 10similar to15 nano-radians jitter, and a fast slewing rate to acquire the target. Furthermore these stringent requirements are at risk of great structure and control interactions. This paper we will focus on the control of optical beam jitter. A Laser Jitter Control (LJC) testbed has been constructed to test jitter algorithms. The testbed consists of two fast steering mirrors (FSM), three position sensing modules (PSM), one diode laser, and several beam splitters and mirrors, all on an isolated Newport optical bench. Jitter is injected with one FSM and the other FSM is used to control it. The jitter spectrum, representing the on-orbit spacecraft and beam jitter environment, contains not only narrow band noise due to rotating devices such as gyroscopes and reaction wheels but also broadband noise. The performance of a Wiener Filter - adaptive algorithm with ideal reference signal is established as the baseline for comparison of adaptive control methods in suppressing both broadband and narrowband disturbances. Specifically, the Least Mean Squares (LMS) approach and the Gradient Adaptive Lattice (GAL) approach are investigated during these experiments. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Watkins, RJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5246-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5338 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.529457 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BAL05 UT WOS:000222660300021 ER PT S AU Oh, E Murphy, JL Baker, JT Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D Restaino, SR Fortenberry, SL AF Oh, E Murphy, JL Baker, JT Gilbreath, GC Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D Restaino, SR Fortenberry, SL BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Developing a portable NRL fast frame rate seeing monitor SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE seeing monitor; DIMM; fast rate camera AB We describe the development of a portable NRL seeing monitor which consists of a 12 inch Meade f/10 telescope with a Dalsa Cad6 260x260 camera having 10 micron pixels. This seeing monitor is capable of up to 700 frames per second. We have three different techniques to measure Fried's r0 parameter: full aperture, two-hole mask, and two-hole mask with in-line intensifier. For the observations done at the Anderson Mesa, Arizona site in January-July 2004., we present comparison of Fried's r0 obtained. Calibration, observing techniques, and data analysis techniques are described. Comparison of the three different techniques is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oh, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.562195 PG 10 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200008 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Swingen, L Murphy, J Gilbreath, GC Binari, S Waluschka, E AF Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Swingen, L Murphy, J Gilbreath, GC Binari, S Waluschka, E BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Performance of Cat's eye modulating retro-reflectors for free-space optical communications SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE modulating retro-reflector; retromodulator; free space optical communication; quantum well modulator; cat's eye ID RETROREFLECTOR; LINK AB Modulating retro-reflectors (MRR) couple passive optical retro-reflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing/acquisition/tracking system required on only one end of the link. In operation a conventional free space optical communications terminal, the interrogator, is used on one end of the link to illuminate the MRR on the other end of the link with a cw beam. The MRR imposes a modulation on the interrogating beam and passively retro-reflects it back to the interrogator. These types of systems are attractive for asymmetric communication links for which one end of the link cannot afford the weight, power or expense of a conventional free-space optical communication terminal. Recently, MRR using multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators have been demonstrated using a large area MQW placed in front of the aperture of a corner-cube. For the MQW MRR, the maximum modulation can range into the gigahertz, limited only by the RC time constant of the device. This limitation, however, is a serious one. The optical aperture of an MRR cannot be too small or the amount of light retro-reflected will be insufficient to close the link. For typical corner-cube MQW MRR devices the modulator has a diameter between 0.5-1 cm and maximum modulation rates less than 10 Mbps. In this paper we describe a new kind of MQW MRR that uses a cat's eye retro-reflector with the MQW in the focal plane of the cat's eye. This system decouples the size of the modulator from the size of the optical aperture and allows much higher data rates. A 10 Mbps free space link over a range of 1 km is demonstrated. In addition a laboratory demonstration of a 70 Mbps MQW focal plane is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.561604 PG 11 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200012 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Mahon, R Swingen, L Witkowsky, JL Rabinovich, WS AF Goetz, PG Mahon, R Swingen, L Witkowsky, JL Rabinovich, WS BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Coherent modulating retroreflector system SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE modulating retroreflector; retromodulator; MQW Modulators; free space optical communication; coherent communication; self-homodyne AB One unusual aspect of a modulating retroreflector (MRR) system is that the interrogating laser and the receiver are collocated. This fact, plus the lack of optical amplifiers capable of low data rates, makes the use of a coherent receiver attractive. By splitting off a portion of the interrogating beam, a local oscillator (LO) is made available to mix with the returning signal beam. This self-homodyning is accomplished at very low cost, without the need for an additional laser or an optical phase-locked loop. Changes are only required in the interrogator/receiver, so increased ranges could be realized with no changes to MRR transmitters that have already been developed. A similar method could be used to realize a heterodyne system. To cancel the effects of atmospheric turbulence, a phase-diversity receiver configuration was used. A maximum gain of about 17 dB was observed, limited by saturation of the receiver electronics. The use of coherent interrogator/receivers can increase receiver sensitivity, extending the range of existing systems and showing great promise for modulating retroreflector links. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.561703 PG 7 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200013 ER PT S AU Oh, E Ricklin, J Eaton, F Gilbreath, C Doss-Hammel, S Moore, C Murphy, J Oh, YH Stell, M AF Oh, E Ricklin, J Eaton, F Gilbreath, C Doss-Hammel, S Moore, C Murphy, J Oh, YH Stell, M BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Estimating optical turbulence using the PAMELA model SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE AB We present an optical turbulence model that has evolved from the PAMELA model. After a preliminary report in SPIE 2003 it became apparent that more data was needed to refine this adaptive model. This led us to take twelve months of over-land data (similar to100 meters pathlength) at the Chesapeake Bay Detachment of the Naval Research Lab. We present data throughout the year with varying environments with comparison with the model prediction. Our recent modification includes segmenting the windspeed to 3 sections, morning. afternoon, and night for better fitting. This is an attempt to incorporate variable wind speed into the model which is known to contribute significantly to the turbulence in the atmosphere. In addition, we present preliminary results from the over-the-bay data (10 km pathlength). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oh, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.1117/12.561481 PG 11 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200027 ER PT S AU Walters, RJ Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Wilt, DM Smith, MA Krasowski, MJ Jenkins, PP Scheiman, D Warner, JH Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP AF Walters, RJ Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Wilt, DM Smith, MA Krasowski, MJ Jenkins, PP Scheiman, D Warner, JH Messenger, SR Lorentzen, JR Summers, GP BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Photovoltaically powered modulating retroreflectors SO FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communications IV CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE photovoltaics; quantum well modulator; optical datalink AB The development of a photovoltaically (PV) powered, laser communication system that constitutes a miniature, highly energy-efficient wireless communication technology is described. The technology is based on the direct integration of a multi-quantum well (MQW) modulating retroreflector (MRR) optical communication node and a monolithically integrated module (MIM) PV power source. The MQW MRR optical data link exploits the shift in the MQW absorption peak under an applied reverse bias to modulate incident laser light enabling binary encoding of data for transfer. A MIM consists of many individual solar cells monolithically integrated on a single substrate and offers the design versatility necessary to allow efficient electrical conversion of both incident sunlight and the system laser-light and the ability to match the voltage output to the MRR requirements. A description of the development of the MRR and MIM components of the system along with the power management and distribution circuitry is given. Results of bench-top demonstrations of the operational system are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5488-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5550 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.1117/12.557299 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BBJ21 UT WOS:000225747200050 ER PT B AU Crabbe, FL AF Crabbe, FL BE Schaal, S Ijspeert, A Billard, A Vijayakumar, S Hallam, J Meyer, JA TI Optimal and non-optimal compromise strategies in action selection SO From Animals to Animats 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (SAB 2004) CY JUL 13-17, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA AB Devising a solution to the action selection problem rests on a definition of which actions are preferable over others. Among many properties suggested for action selection mechanisms, one prominent one is the ability to select compromise actions, i.e. actions that are not the best to satisfy any active goal in isolation, but rather compromise between the multiple goals. This paper performs a mathematical and experimental analysis of compromise behavior in an attempt to determine exactly how much compromise behavior aids an animat. It concludes that optimal compromise behavior is a small improvement over non-compromise behavior, but commonly proposed easy to compute compromise mechanisms are worse than non-compromise behavior. It further analyzes the properties of situations when compromise behavior is distinctly better than non-compromise behavior. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crabbe, FL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572C Holloway Rd,Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-262-69341-0 PY 2004 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Behavioral Sciences; Computer Science; Robotics GA BDC04 UT WOS:000232494300025 ER PT S AU Jones, HN Feng, CR Osofsky, M Cooper, KP AF Jones, HN Feng, CR Osofsky, M Cooper, KP BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Fabrication of MgB2 conductors by hot rolling SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID WIRES C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, HN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700025 ER PT S AU Wick, SD Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Wick, SD Dermer, CD Atoyan, A BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI High-energy cosmic rays from galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID SPECTRUM AB A model for high energy (greater than or similar to 10(14) eV) cosmic rays (HECRs) from galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray bursts is summarized. Relativistic outflows in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are assumed to inject power-law distributions of CR protons and ions to the highest (greater than or similar to 10(20) eV) energies. A diffusive propagation model for HECRs from a single recent GRB within approximate to 1 kpc from Earth explains the CR spectrum near and above the knee. The CR spectrum at energies above similar to 10(18) eV is fit with a component from extragalactic GRBs. By normalizing the energy injection rate to that required to produce the CR flux from extragalctic sources observed locally, we determine the amount of energy a typical GRB must release in the form of nonthermal hadrons. Our interpretation of the HECR spectrum requires that GRBs are hadronically dominated, which would be confirmed by the detection of HE neutrinos from GRBs. C1 NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wick, SD (reprint author), NRL, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700028 ER PT S AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Dermer, CD Atoyan, A BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI On hadronic models for the anomalous gamma-ray emission component in GRB 941017 SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID ENERGY SPECTRAL COMPONENT; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SHOCK MODEL; COSMIC-RAYS; BURSTS AB Gonzalez et al. (2003, [1]) have reported the discovery of an anomalous radiation component from approximate to 1 - 200 MeV in GRB 941017. This component varies independently of and contains greater than or similar to 3x the energy found in the prompt similar to 50 keV - 1 MeV radiation component that is well described by the relativistic synchrotron-shock: model. Acceleration of hadrons to very high energies by GRBs could give rise to a separate emission component. Two models, both involving acceleration of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with subsequent photomeson interactions, are considered. The first involves a pair-photon cascade initiated by photohadronic processes in the GRB blast wave. Calculations indicate that the cascade produces a spectrum that is too soft to explain the observations. A second model is proposed where photopion interactions in the GRB blast-wave shell give rise to an escaping collimated neutron beam. The outflowing neutrons undergo further photopion interactions to produce a beam of hyper-relativistic electrons that can lose most of their energy during a fraction of a gyroperiod in the Gauss-strength magnetic fields found in the circumburst medium. This secondary electron beam produces a hard synchrotron radiation spectrum that could explain the anomalous component in GRB 941017. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 557 EP 561 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700117 ER PT S AU Bassett, JK Potter, MA De Jong, KA AF Bassett, JK Potter, MA De Jong, KA BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Looking under the EA hood with Price's equation SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA AB In this paper we show how tools based on extensions of Price's equation allow us to look inside production-level EAs to see how selection, representation, and reproductive operators interact with each other, and how these interactions affect EA performance. With such tools it is possible to understand at a deeper level how existing EAs work as well as provide support for making better design decisions involving new EC applications. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bassett, JK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jbassett@cs.gmu.edu; mpotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil; kdejong@cs.gmu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 914 EP 922 PN 1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200092 ER PT S AU Lane, W Cohen, A Cotton, W Condon, J Perley, R Lazio, J Kassim, N Erickson, W AF Lane, W Cohen, A Cotton, W Condon, J Perley, R Lazio, J Kassim, N Erickson, W BE Oschmann, JM TI Low frequency lessons from the 74MHz very large array SO GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Telescopes CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE instrumentation : interferometers; techniques : interferometric; surveys; radio continuum : general ID TELESCOPE AB The 74 MHz system on the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Large Array (VLA) has opened a high-resolution, high-sensitivity window on the electromagnetic spectrum at low frequencies. It provides us with a unique glimpse into both the possibilities and challenges of planned low-frequency radio interferometers such as LOFAR, the LWA, and the SKA. Observations of bright, resolved radio sources at 74 MHz provide new scientific insights into the structure, history, and energy balances of these systems. However many of these scientifically motivated observations will also be critical to testing the scientific fidelity of new instruments, by providing a set of well-known standard sources. We are also using the 74 MHz system to conduct a sky survey, called the VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS). When complete it will cover the entire sky above -30degrees declination, at a 5sigma sensitivity of 0.5 Jy bm(-1), and a resolution of 80" (B-configuration). Among its various uses, this survey will provide an initial grid of calibrator sources at low frequency. Finally, practical experience with calibration and data reduction at 74 MHz has helped to direct and shape our understanding of the design needs of future instruments. In particular, we have begun experimenting with angle-variant calibration techniques which are essential to properly calibrate the wide field of view at low frequencies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5421-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5489 BP 354 EP 361 DI 10.1117/12.551644 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBB37 UT WOS:000224524300036 ER PT S AU Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG AF Wimmer, SA DeGiorgi, VG BE Kundu, T TI Detecting damage through the application of a CWT based algorithm SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE damage; wavelets; finite element AB Structural health monitoring systems consist of a method to measure the structure's performance at a given point in time and a means to interpret the measured raw data in terms of presence and location of damage. This work focuses on the interpretation of the measured raw data. The concept of structural health monitoring that this work supports is a multi-stage damage identification system where the first, or screening, stage is used to indicate when further inspection is necessary, prior to the degradation of structural parameters. Finding low levels of damage is important for this screening stage. This paper describes the application of a previously presented wavelet based algorithm to detect relatively low levels of structural damage. Typically strain sensor data is used in the algorithm. However, the algorithm does not depend on a specific type of data (strain, stress, displacement, etc.), the conditions (load, boundary, etc.) under which the data was acquired, or the geometry of the structure. The structures examined in this paper are steel plates. Sensor data is either obtained from experimentation or finite element models. In the case of finite element analyses, sensor data in the form of non-linear time histories is extracted, thus producing the equivalent of raw sensor data. The wavelet based algorithm makes use of the continuous wavelet transformation and examines how this feature changes as damage accumulates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.539130 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600031 ER PT S AU Trickey, S Seaver, M Nichols, J AF Trickey, S Seaver, M Nichols, J BE Kundu, T TI Health monitoring of an aeroelastic system with a freeplay nonlinearity SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE attractor property analysis; aeroelastic; freeplay ID CONTROL SURFACE FREEPLAY; AIRFOIL SECTION; BEHAVIOR AB In past work we have demonstrated a vibration based health monitoring methodology which was experimentally validated on several plate and beam systems. The method is based on processing time series data by transforming the data into a state space object, an attractor, and then identifying geometric features of the attractor. The system's structural health or level of damage is monitored by tracking the evolution of the geometric feature as the system evolves. Our previous research indicated that low dimensional inputs work best for characterizing the features. Also discovered was the fact that the features could be characterized with minimal performance loss by using a band limited noise input. The current work assess whether an ambient excitation can serve as the input to the structure and still successfully identify and track geometric features of the system in much the same way that the band limited noise was able to characterize the system. The system in question is a 2D typical section airfoil model with a control surface. A reduced order aerodynamic approach developed by Peters is used to model the fluid loading on the structure. Damage is induced on the structure by introducing increasing amounts of freeplay in the restoring torque of the control surface. The novel and most important component of the model from the stand point of implementing an on-line structural health monitoring system is the use of an ambient source of excitation namely atmospheric gust loading. C1 USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trickey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1117/12.540088 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600032 ER PT S AU Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M AF Nichols, JM Trickey, ST Seaver, M BE Kundu, T TI Use of fiber optic sensors and recurrence quantification analysis in detecting and localizing damage in a thin steel plate SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; damage detection; attractor; recurrence plots; recurrence quantification analysis; fiber optic sensors ID SYSTEMS; DIMENSION; PLOTS AB A new algorithm is presented for detecting damage in structures subject to ambient or applied excitation. The approach is derived from an attractor-based technique for detecting nonstationarity in time series data and is referred to as recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). Time series data collected from the structure are used to reconstruct the system's dynamical attractor in phase space. The practitioner then quantifies the probabilities that a given trajectory will visit local regions in this phase space. This is accomplished by forming a binary matrix consisting of all points that fall within some predefined radius of each point on the attractor. The resulting recurrence plot reflects correlations in the time series across all available time scales in a probabilistic fashion. Based on the structure found in recurrence plots a variety of metrics are extracted including: percentage of recurrence points, a measure reflecting determinism, and entropy. These "features" are then used to detect and track damage-induced changes to the structure's vibrational response. The approach is demonstrated experimentally in diagnosing the length of a crack in a thin steel plate. Structural response data are recorded from multiple locations on the plate using a novel fiber-based sensing system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1117/12.539954 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600034 ER PT S AU Salvino, LW Rasmussen, EA Pines, DJ AF Salvino, LW Rasmussen, EA Pines, DJ BE Kundu, T TI Detecting structural damage using adaptive feature extraction from transient signals SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; instantaneous phase damage identification; composite panel; time-frequency analysis; intrinsic mode functions; underwater shock data AB The focus of this work is on damage detection in transient structural response time series data recorded during an underwater shock experiment. A unique data-driven approach where damage features are extracted, evaluated, and determined based on the instantaneous phases of structural waves was applied to detect damage for a large composite structure. Measured time series data was first decomposed adaptively into a set of basis functions, known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), using the method of Empirical Mode Decomposition. Instantaneous phases are then defined based on the IMFs, which can be used to represent nonlinear and non-stationary signals. Damage features are then formulated and tracked in order to determine the state of a structure. This approach was developed based on a previously introduced fundamental relationship connecting the instantaneous phases of a measured time series to structural mass and stiffness parameters. A simple damage index based on the instantaneous phase relationship is used to show the effectiveness of this method for structural health monitoring applications. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1117/12.541401 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600036 ER PT S AU Richardson, MD Briggs, KB AF Richardson, MD Briggs, KB BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Empirical predictions of seafloor properties based on remotely measured sediment impedance SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID IN-SITU AB Numerous acoustic systems have been developed over the past 25 years for remote classification of the seabed. Many systems use inversions of echo returns to estimate seafloor impedance and then use empirical relationships to predict other seabed properties from values of impedance. New regressions are presented, separately for siliciclastic and carbonate sediments, which allow prediction of sediment grain size, porosity, bulk density, percent sand and gravel and sound speed ratio and attenuation from values of an index of impedance (product of sound speed ratio and bulk density). This index is independent of pore water temperature and salinity and water depth. The regressions are based on nearly 800 cores collected from 67 shallow-water sites around the world (12 carbonate and 55 siliciclastic sites). Data are typically restricted to the upper 30 ern of sediment. The regressions based on the nearly 4,500 common data points from core measurements (3,922 for siliciclastic and 621 for carbonate sediments) do not vary significantly from the regressions for siliciclastic sediments first presented by Richardson and Briggs (1993) or between carbonate and siliciclastic sediments suggesting the empirical predictions universally apply to coastal sediments. Sound speed dispersion, sediment disturbance during core collection and measurement, inequalities between sample size (acoustic footprint vs. core diameter), spatial variability, and regression error all affect the accuracy of sediment property predictions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900002 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, TC BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Environmental effects on phase coherent underwater acoustic communications: A perspective from several experimental measurements SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB This paper presents a summary of results from several experiments using phase coherent underwater acoustic communications in shallow waters with weak to strong internal waves. Measurements of temporal coherence time of the underwater acoustic channels are presented and related to the equalizer performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 90 EP 97 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900011 ER PT S AU Gendron, PJ Yang, TC AF Gendron, PJ Yang, TC BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Environmental and motion effects on orthogonal frequency division multiplexed on-off keying SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID FADING CHANNELS; OFDM SYSTEMS AB Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with on-off keying (OFDM-OOK) offers a means to near BPSK signaling rates with the simplicity of non-coherent processing. At high frequencies source receiver acceleration induces time varying signal dilations that adversely effect both frequency alignment and multicarrier orthogonality. Dilation process estimation is coupled with a decision directed frequency domain channel magnitude response estimator for non-coherent equalization of OFDM-OOK. Joint co-channel estimation is presented for near optimal decisions under loss of orthogonality due to Doppler spreading. Data from a moving source experiment at ranges from .8 km to 2.0 km, conducted in the shallow water off the coast of Elba Italy were used to test the feasibility of OFDM-OOK at 18 kHz center frequency with 4 kHzbandwidth. The effects of source receiver relative motion, frequency selectivity, and Doppler spreading on bit error rates were assessed. Mollification of frequency selective fading by diversity combining is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gendron, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900012 ER PT S AU Yang, WB Yang, TC AF Yang, WB Yang, TC BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI High-frequency FH-FSK underwater acoustic communications: The environmental effect and signal processing SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB This paper analyzes the environmental effect and signal processing approaches for frequency-hopped frequency-shift-keyed (FH FSK) underwater acoustic communications based upon data collected in two experiments: the RDS4 experiment near Halifax, Canada and MREA03 experiment near Elba, Italy. The FH FSK signals have a bandwidth of 4 kHz centered at 17 and 20 kHz. The source was towed at similar to4 knots. The signals were received on a vertical line array anchored to the bottom. The acoustic environments at both sites have the same downward refractive sound speed profiles but very different bottom properties. The multipath spread last similar to20 msec in the MREA03 experiment and is > 1 sec in the RDS4 experiment. The different lengths of multipath delays have a significant effect on the bit error rate (BER) and the appropriate signal processing needed to reduce the BER. We present the data analysis results, the signal processing approaches, including multi-channel beamforming and spatial diversity combining, and discuss the implications for the use of FH-FSK for multi-user communications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, WB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 106 EP 113 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900013 ER PT S AU Hayward, TJ Yang, TC AF Hayward, TJ Yang, TC BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Underwater acoustic communication channel capacity: A simulation study SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID SHALLOW-WATER AB Acoustic communication channel capacity determines the maximum data rate that can be supported (theoretically) by an acoustic channel for a given source power and source/receiver configuration. In this paper, broadband acoustic propagation modeling is applied to estimate the channel capacity of a shallow water waveguide for a single source-receiver pair, both with and without source bandwidth constraints. Initial channel capacity estimates are obtained for a range-independent environment defined by the mean (time-averaged) sound speed profile measured at a site in the 1995 SWARM experiment. Without bandwidth constraints, estimated channel capacities approach 10 megabits per second at 1 km range, but after 2 kin range they decay at a rate consistent with that of estimates by Peloquin and Leinhos [1], which were based on a sonar equation analysis for a generic underwater channel. Channel capacities subject to source bandwidth constraints are approximately 30-90% lower than the upper bounds predicted by the sonar equation analysis, and exhibit a significant wind speed dependence. Simulations of internal wave effects on channel capacity show minimal effects at low frequencies but, at 2500 Hz, show a significant increase in the channel capacity at longer ranges. Implications for underwater acoustic communication systems are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hayward, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900014 ER PT S AU Lopes, JL Lim, R Commander, KW AF Lopes, JL Lim, R Commander, KW BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Mid-frequency sonar backscatter measurements from a rippled bottom SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB Seafloor ripple reverberation is associated with a peak in the scattering frequency spectrum at a frequency around c/(2lambda(r) costheta), where c is the sound speed in water, lambda(r) is the ripple wavelength, and theta is the incident grazing angle. In the vicinity of this peak, perturbation theory predicts the reverberation level to be high enough to be a concern for detection of targets buried under ripple. In order to validate such predictions, an experiment was conducted in the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City (NSWC-PC) Facility 383, which is a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test pool that has 1.5 m of sand covering the bottom. Backscatter reverberation levels from two bottom configurations were measured using a parametric source that was operated in the 1 to 10 kHz frequency range. One bottom configuration corresponded to a non-rippled, near-flat bottom. The second was a rippled bottom with a Gaussian spectrum centered on a wavelength of 20 cm. The rippled bottom was artificially formed with the aid of a sand scraper. Results showed the reverberation levels were significantly higher in the 3 to 5 kHz frequency range for the rippled bottom than for the non-rippled bottom. The maximum reverberation level for the rippled bottom occurred at 4 kHz, which is consistent with perturbation theory predictions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lopes, JL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900017 ER PT S AU Gauss, R Fromm, D LePage, K Gragg, R AF Gauss, R Fromm, D LePage, K Gragg, R BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI The dependence of long-range reverberation on bottom roughness SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID SEA-FLOOR; BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING AB At long-range, shallow-water reverberation can be driven by sub-critical-angle scattering, i.e. by rough interface scattering. The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed a small-slope model for elastic seafloors that provides physics-based estimates of the dependence of scattering on the incident and scattered angles, and physical descriptors of the environment. In this paper, this incoherent model is used as kernels in reverberation models, which in turn are used to assess the sensitivity at 3.5 kHz of long-range monostatic reverberation to the roughness of the water-sediment interface. It is shown that when sub-critical-angle scattering dominates, the acoustic field could be quite sensitive to the parameter values of the roughness, thus arguing for the need for regional in-situ methods for its estimation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gauss, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900018 ER PT S AU Gauss, R Fromm, D LePage, K Fialkowski, J Nero, R AF Gauss, R Fromm, D LePage, K Fialkowski, J Nero, R BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI The influence of the sea surface and fish on long-range reverberation SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID SCATTERING; FLOOR AB Acoustic detection for active sonars involves identifying target signatures in the presence of environmental effects, such as acoustic scattering front the ocean boundaries and fish: The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed 3D broadband models that provide physics-based estimates of the dependence of scattering from the sea surface, bubble clouds and near-boundary fish (including boundary-interference effects) on the incident and scattered angles, and physical/biological descriptors of the environment. In this paper, these models and a surface-loss model are used as kernels in reverberation models, which in turn are used to assess the sensitivity at 3.5 kHz of long-range reverberation to environmental variables. It is shown that the acoustic field in shallow water waveguides could be quite sensitive to the values of sea surface (wind speed) and fish (density, size, depth) parameters, and that physics-based models are needed for accurate field characterization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nero, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900019 ER PT S AU LePage, KD McDonald, BE AF LePage, KD McDonald, BE BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Environmental effects of waveguide uncertainty on coherent aspects of propagation, scattering and reverberation SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB The robustness of the coherence of waveguide propagation to environmental uncertainty becomes an important consideration for systems that seek to exploit coherence for gain. Examples include matched field processing for passive localization and Time Reversal Mirrors (TRMs) for active systems. Here efficient normal mode representations of mid-frequency time domain propagation using the narrowband and adiabatic approximations are used to explore the deterioration of active system predictability and performance in the presence of environmental fluctuations (i.e. sound speed perturbations in the water column and/or bottom, or bathymetry fluctuations). Results show that for TRMs the reverberation level at the focal range is increased, and the scattering from an illuminated object is reduced for ensembles over environmental uncertainty. Results are obtained analytically as formal averages and are believed to represent a lower limit on the deterioration of TRM performance in the presence of environmental uncertainty for actual waveguides. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LePage, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900020 ER PT S AU Newcomb, JJ Wright, AJ Kuczaj, S Thames, R Hillstrom, WR Goodman, R AF Newcomb, JJ Wright, AJ Kuczaj, S Thames, R Hillstrom, WR Goodman, R BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Underwater ambient noise and sperm whale click detection during extreme wind speed conditions SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) deployed three Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico during the summers of 2001 (LADC 01) and 2002 (LADC 02). The hydrophone of each buoy was approximately 50m from the bottom in water depths of 645m to 1034m. During LADC 0 1 Tropical Storm Barry passed within 93nmi east of the EARS buoys. During LADC 02 Tropical Storm Isidore and Hurricane Lili passed within approximately 73nmi and 116nmi, respectively, west of the EARS buoys. The proximity of these storm systems to the EARS buoys, in conjunction with wind speed data from three nearby NDBC weather buoys, allows for the direct comparison of underwater ambient noise levels with high wind speeds. These results are compared to the G. M. Wenz spectra at frequencies from 1kHz to 5.5kHz. In addition, the impact of storm conditions on sperm whale clicks was assessed. In particular, although the time period during the closest approach of TS Barry tended to produce lower click rates, this time period did not have the greatest incidence of non-detection at all the EARS buoys. It follows that storm-related masking noise could not have been responsible for all the observed trends. The data suggest that sperm whales may have left the vicinity of the deepest EARS buoy (nearest TS Barry's storm track) during the storm and possibly moved into the shallower waters around the other EARS buoys. It also appears that sperm whales may not have returned to the deepest EARS area, or did not resume normal behavior immediately after the storm, as the click rate did not recover to pre-storm levels during the period after TS Barry had dissipated. Results of these analyses and the ambient noise analysis will be presented. (Research supported by ONR). C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Newcomb, JJ (reprint author), USN, Code 7180, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 296 EP 303 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900034 ER PT S AU Stanic, S Kennedy, E Malley, D Brown, B Meredith, R Fisher, R Chandler, H Ray, R Goodman, R AF Stanic, S Kennedy, E Malley, D Brown, B Meredith, R Fisher, R Chandler, H Ray, R Goodman, R BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Panama City 2003 broadband shallow-water acoustic coherence experiments SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer ID TEMPERATURE MICROSTRUCTURE; AMPLITUDE FLUCTUATIONS; PHASE-STABILITY; OCEAN; SOUND; SEA AB In June 2003 a series of acoustic propagation experiments were conducted off the coast of Panama City, Florida. The experiments were designed to measure and provide an understand of signal phase and amplitude fluctuations, and signal spatial and temporal coherence over several large horizontal and vertical arrays. The propagation measurements were conducted in a water depth of 8.8m and at ranges of 70 m and 150 m. The acoustic measurements cover frequencies from 1 to 140 kHz. The propagation measurements were supported by data obtained by wave rider buoys, CTD's, thermister chains and current meters. Bottom penetration data was also obtained using a buried hydrophone array. The experiments will be outlined and the data sets described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stanic, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 393 EP 401 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900043 ER PT S AU Meredith, R Fisher, R Stanic, S Kennedy, E Malley, D Brown, B AF Meredith, R Fisher, R Stanic, S Kennedy, E Malley, D Brown, B BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Panama City 2003 acoustic coherence experiments: Environmental characterization SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB During June 2003, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted a series of acoustic propagation experiments to measure both high (20 to 150 kHz) and low (1 to 10 kHz) frequency spatial and temporal coherence in very shallow water. Environmental data collected to support the acoustic measurements included water column current, bottom current, sea-surface wave height, tide height, CTD water column profiles and mid-water time series, two-dimensional micro-scale seawater temperature, and weather parameters. Wave periods varied from 3 to 7 seconds and wind speeds ranged from 4 to 35 knots throughout the experiment. Temperature and salinity profiles characterized periods when the water column was isovelocity and periods when the water column was stratified with a strong depth dependence of temperature and salinity. Current magnitudes were always less than 25 cm/s. Experimental geometry and methods of environmental data collection are briefly described and environmental conditions and their impact on the propagation environment are emphasized. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Meredith, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 402 EP 412 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900044 ER PT S AU Ruppel, TH Stanic, S Norton, GV Meredith, RW Kennedy, ET Goodman, RR Wilson, MA AF Ruppel, TH Stanic, S Norton, GV Meredith, RW Kennedy, ET Goodman, RR Wilson, MA BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Broadband horizontal and vertical spatial coherence measurements SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB Initial results of broadband (1 to 10 kHz) spatial coherence measurements taken during the June 2003 shallow-water (8 m) propagation experiments will be presented. The results will show spatial coherence estimates over a 12 m long horizontal array and over a 6 m vertical array. The data was taken over a range of sea states and at ranges of approximately 70 and 150 m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ruppel, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 413 EP 419 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900045 ER PT S AU Chandler, H Kennedy, E Meredith, R Goodman, R Stanic, S AF Chandler, H Kennedy, E Meredith, R Goodman, R Stanic, S BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Broadband temporal coherence results from the June 2003 Panama City coherence experiments SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB During the month of June, 2003, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted a series of coherence experiments in shallow water (approximately 9 meters) off Panama City Beach, Florida. Examined here are preliminary mid frequency (1 - 10 kHz) results of analyzed temporal coherence data. For this experiment, a G34 omnidirectional source, mounted approximately 2.7 meters from the bottom, ensonified a vertical and horizontal array of hydrophones mounted on a submerged tower 70 and 150 meters down range in the along shore direction. Results will be shown for both macro (5 minutes), and micro events (<20 seconds). C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chandler, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 420 EP 427 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900046 ER PT S AU Meredith, RW Kennedy, ET Malley, D Fisher, RA Brown, R Stanic, S AF Meredith, RW Kennedy, ET Malley, D Fisher, RA Brown, R Stanic, S BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI Panama City 2003 acoustic coherence experiments: Low frequency bottom penetration fluctuation measurements in a multipath environment SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB This paper is part of a series of papers describing acoustic coherence and fluctuations measurements made by the Naval Research Laboratory in the Gulf of Mexico near Panama City Beach, FL during June 2003. This paper presents low frequency (1-10 kHz) buried hydrophone measurements and preliminary results for two source-receiver ranges with grazing angles less than two degrees (realtive to the direct-path to the seafloor at the receiver location). Results focus on fluctuations after acoustic penetration into the sediment. These fluctuations are correlated with environmental influences. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Meredith, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 428 EP 437 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900047 ER PT S AU Malley, D Brown, B Kennedy, E Meredith, R Stanic, S AF Malley, D Brown, B Kennedy, E Meredith, R Stanic, S BE Porter, MB Siderius, M Kuperman, WA TI A high-speed, multi-channel data acquisition system SO HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference CY MAR 01-05, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Acoust Soc Amer AB The Naval Research Lab is currently conducting research programs in MCM detections and classifications using both low and high frequency acoustics. These include target detections, target imaging, proud and buried target detections and classifications using structural clues. To determine the limitations that a fluctuating environment places on these target detection methods, a data acquisition system was developed. The data acquisition system consists of multi-channel, high-speed A/D's with remote, variable gain control, and FPGA technology. Each A/D is synchronously sampled at a rate of 1 MHz and using time-division multiplexing techniques, is sent down an optical fiber at 1.3 Gbps. The sampled data is then separated back to its original channel and recovered back to an analog signal along with the original clock. Precision filters and high speed transient recorders utilizing fast CAMAC crate controllers are then employed to sample, simultaneously, all data channels with sample rates up to 3Msps. Acoustic and environmental real-time software were developed using National Instruments Labview to generate the CW source signals that went from 10 kHz to 200 kHz, monitor acquired data, and control sample and repetition rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Malley, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0210-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 728 BP 438 EP 446 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBK33 UT WOS:000225861900048 ER PT S AU Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Kliner, DAV AF Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Kliner, DAV BE Phipps, CR TI High-peak-power pulsed fiber sources SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID AMPLIFIER; MODE; AMPLIFICATION AB We report on the effectiveness of bend-loss mode filtering for power scaling of large-core, rare-earth-doped fibers. The technique affords a diffraction-limited beam quality from multimode fibers, which is crucial for practical applications of fiber sources. We demonstrate the technique in a >300-kW-peak-power, <1-ns-pulse-duration Yb-doped fiber amplifier, which we used for multiple harmonic generation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Di Teodoro, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.1117/12.548168 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600055 ER PT B AU Squire, PN Galster, SM Parasuraman, R AF Squire, PN Galster, SM Parasuraman, R BE Vincenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI The effects of levels of automation in the human control of multiple robots in the roboflag simulation environment SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE automation; human-robot interaction; mental workload; Playbook; situation awareness; supervisory control; unmanned vehicles AB The present study examined the effects of the level of automation available to an operator controlling multiple unmanned vehicles (UVs) while engaging unpredictable opponent postures. Human performance and subjective measures of situation awareness and mental workload were examined using, a simulated multiple UV platform, RoboFlag. There were three automation conditions: manual only, automation only, and a flexible condition in which operators could use both manual control and automated plays. These conditions were factorially combined with three opponent postures, offensive, defensive, or mixed. There were significant effects for performance and subjective measures for both Level of Automation and Opponent Posture, with significant benefits being found for the flexible Playbook condition in comparison to manual only or automation only control. It is concluded that a trade-space exists between mental workload and manual control, and that the Playbook interface provides operators flexibility to adapt to unpredictable situations. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS35 UT WOS:000223355300010 ER PT B AU Myrick, SA Steed, CA AF Myrick, SA Steed, CA BE Vincenzi, DA Mouloua, M Hancock, PA TI 3-dimensional enhancements for visualizing lane navigation performance SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE, SITUATION AWARENESS AND AUTOMATION: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation (HPSAA II) CY MAR 22-25, 2004 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USN Off Naval Res, USA Med Res Acquisit Activ, DARPA, CHI Syst Inc, Human Solut Inc, Interface Anal Associates, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Florida Inst Technol DE 3D visualization; amphibious assault vehicle; navigation AB Research results are typically reported using 2-dimensional (2D) methods that include tables, figures, and charts. With the availability of 3-dimensional (3D) visualization applications, based on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Extensible 3D (X3D) graphics, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has employed alternative methods of information presentation. These 3D applications are displayed with viewer software on conventional Internet web-browsers and may be effectively used in oral presentations and for separate viewing on the Internet. This paper describes 3D applications that were developed to visualize Marine Corps Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV) navigation performances during field demonstrations and augment the 2D performance data. They depict steering patterns used to avoid surface waves, how well the drivers negotiate lane turning points, and a vehicle's vulnerability to mines and other dangers (e.g., subsurface rocks) when steered outside the cleared navigation lanes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-5341-3 PY 2004 BP 248 EP 252 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BAS35 UT WOS:000223355300046 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC BE Arabnia, HR Droegehorn, O TI Using context to disambiguate Web captions SO IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing/International Symposium on Web Services and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE captions; World Wide Web; data mining; disambiguation; context; similarity AB The easiest way to index multimedia from ordinary Web pages is to find their captions. However, captions are not used consistently, and retrieval effectiveness for caption-based multimedia browsers is significantly poorer than that for text retrieval. We show that statistical "context" information about the Web pages at a site can help recognize image captions by quantifying their "representativeness". Experiments were conducted on a random sample of 5010 image captions from 3.2 million candidates from 5 million Web pages, and 1220 audio and video captions from 720,000 candidates from those same Web pages. They showed that while statistical context information was definitely a good clue, it usually did not appear to add much beyond what good local clues in the candidate caption-image pair itself provide, and provided no help for caption-audio and caption-video pairs. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS-Rp,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-46-7 PY 2004 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK73 UT WOS:000225901700017 ER PT B AU Jacoby, GA Luqi AF Jacoby, GA Luqi BE Arabnia, HR Droegehorn, O TI An intranet portal metric and ROI model SO IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing/International Symposium on Web Services and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE intranet; value; ROI; metric; performance; portal AB This research provides the first theoretical model, the Intranet Efficiency and Effectiveness Model (TEEM), to measure intranet overall value contributions based on a corporation's critical business requirements by applying a balanced baseline of metrics and conversion ratios linked to key business processes of knowledge workers, IT managers and business decision makers in effect, closing the gap of understanding between them and enabling better software to he designed for Intranet portals. Though this paper cannot convey its entirety, IEEM also provides the first rationalization and method in the literature to ascertain Intranet Return on Investments. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jacoby, GA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-46-7 PY 2004 BP 676 EP 688 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK73 UT WOS:000225901700103 ER PT B AU Thompson, MJ Sciortino, JC AF Thompson, MJ Sciortino, JC BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI An analysis of complex radar data sets using fuzzy adaptive resonance theory SO IC-AI '04 & MLMTA'04 , VOL 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence/International Conference on Machine Learning, Models, Technologies and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB This paper will evaluate one promising method used to solve one of the main problems in electronic warfare. This problem is the identification of radar signals in a tactical environment. The identification process requires two steps: clustering of collected radar pulse descriptor words and the classification of clustered results. The method described here, Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Fuzzy ART), is a self-organizing neural network algorithm. The benefits of this algorithm are that it performs well against "real" and simulated radar pulse data sets and converges to a solution in a reasonably short amount of time. This paper will discuss the theory behind the Fuzzy ART as well as results of the processing of two "real" radar pulse data sets. The first evaluated data set consists of 5242 radar pulse descriptor words from 32 different emitters. The second data set consists of 107,850 pulse descriptor words from 112 different emitters. The radar pulse descriptors words that were used by the algorithm for both sets of data were radio frequency (RF) and pulse width (PW). The results of the processing of both of these datasets exceed the results of processing these datasets with other algorithms such as K-Means and other self-organizing neural networks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tact EW Div, ESM Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tact EW Div, ESM Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-33-5 PY 2004 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBL81 UT WOS:000226030400038 ER PT S AU Chen, VC AF Chen, VC GP IEEE TI Time-frequency based radar image formation SO ICIP: 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2004) CY OCT 24-27, 2004 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID TRANSFORM AB This paper briefly describes the background of synthetic aperture radar imaging and the time-varying behavior of Doppler frequency shifts in radar signals, discusses the conventional Fourier-based image formation and its problems, and introduces the time-frequency based image formation algorithm and its mathematical model, implementation and applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-8554-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2004 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBV71 UT WOS:000228043500001 ER PT B AU Welch, TB Wright, CHG Morrow, MG AF Welch, TB Wright, CHG Morrow, MG GP ieee TI Experiences in offering a DSP-based communication laboratory SO IEEE 11TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Taos Ski Valley, NM SP IEEE AB Most courses that include a hardware laboratory component are constrained by the need for realism without making the individual exercises insurmountable. This paper discusses a number of analog signal processing components that make possible the interfacing of analog systems to a variety of input/output boards specifically designed for use with Texas Instruments' TMS320C6x DSKs. These components and boards have been used in a number of undergraduate and graduate courses to facilitate the laboratory exercises and the design projects that routinely come from these laboratory-based courses. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8434-2 PY 2004 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ05 UT WOS:000225735400015 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, PM TI Class-specific classifier: Avoiding the curse of dimensionality SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; RECOGNITION; PROJECTION; THEOREM AB This article describes a new probabilistic method called the "class-specific method" (CSM). CSM has the potential to avoid the "curse of dimensionality" which plagues most classifiers which attempt to determine the decision boundaries in a high-dimensional featue space. In contrast, in CSM, it is possible to build classifiers without a common feature space. Separate low-dimensional features sets may be defined for each class, while the decision functions are projected back to the common raw data space. CSM effectively extends the classical classification theory to handle multiple feature spaces. It is completely general, and requires no simplifying assumption such as Gaussianity or that data ties in linear subspaces. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1263230 PN 2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 764JW UT WOS:000188204600004 ER PT B AU Tonn, DA Barisal, R AF Tonn, DA Barisal, R GP IEEE TI Sidelobe minimization in interrupted phased arrays by means of a genetic algorithm SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Tonn, DA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Commun Antennas Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329713 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400135 ER PT J AU Mayer, R Bucholtz, F Scribner, D Kruer, M AF Mayer, Rulon Bucholtz, Frank Scribner, Dean Kruer, Mel TI A Family of Spectral Target Signature Transforms: Relationship to the Past, New Transforms, and Sensitivity Tests SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Image registration; matched filters; target detection; target recognition AB Previous studies introduced, examined, and tested a variety of registration-free transformations, specifically the diagonal, whitening/dewhitening, and target CV (covariance) transformations, that temporally evolve spectral signatures under varying conditions. Target spectral signatures were transformed using imagery of spatially overlapping regions from datasets collected at different times. This letter shows that these previously studied registration-free transformations can be described using a single general equation and form a subset of a family of valid transforms. Further, this letter finds only a small reduction in target detection results from using nonoverlapping but similar regions to transform target signatures in matched filter searches. The diagonal, whitening/dewhitening, and target CV transformations appear in this formulation as having integral exponent parameter n (n = 0, 1, 2, respectively). These transformed target signatures, used in matched filter searches, were tested on images taken from two very different data collects using different sensors, targets, and backgrounds. In one dataset, the transform was applied to multispectral images taken from an airborne longwave infrared sensor binned to 30 bands. The other dataset used images of a variety of targets that were collected using broad-band, bore-sighted, staring array sensors sensitive to visible, shortwave infrared, midwave infrared, and longwave infrared wavelengths. Transformation performance was tested using target-to-clutter ratio (TCR) and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Transforms with exponents between 0 and 2 yielded the largest TCR and remained relatively constant. Optimal exponents for the transformation were target dependent for both datasets. Further, only minimal reduction in TCR was observed for transforms (O < n < 2) that had no shared overlapping regions, although the areas used to transform the spectral signatures shared similar content (trees, roads, etc.). C1 [Mayer, Rulon; Bucholtz, Frank; Scribner, Dean; Kruer, Mel] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2003.822308 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V23EC UT WOS:000208325100007 ER PT J AU Chapman, NR Chin-Bing, SA King, D Evans, R AF Chapman, NR Chin-Bing, SA King, D Evans, R TI Guest editorial - Special issue on geoacoustic inversion in range-dependent environments - Part II SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHALLOW-WATER; BENCHMARKING C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39259 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Chapman, NR (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.823311 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 803UO UT WOS:000220256200001 ER PT J AU Fulford, JK King, DB Chin-Bing, SA Chapman, NR AF Fulford, JK King, DB Chin-Bing, SA Chapman, NR TI Benchmarking geoacoustic inversion methods using range-dependent field data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Geoacoustic Inversion Techniques Workshop (GAIT) CY MAY, 2001 CL GULFPORT, MISSISSIPPI DE geoacoustic inversion; shallow-water acoustics; shallow-water environment; underwater acoustics propagation ID SEDIMENTS AB Over the past decade, inversion methods have been developed and applied to acoustic field data to provide information about unknown ocean-bottom environments. An effective inversion must provide both an estimate of the bottom parameters and a measure of the uncertainty of the estimated values. This paper summarizes results from the Office of Naval Research (ONR)/Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) Geoacoustic Inversion Techniques Workshop, test cases 4 and 5. The workshop was held to benchmark present-day inversion methods,for estimating geoacoustic profiles in shallow water. The format of the workshop was a blind test to estimate unknown geoacoustic profiles by inversion of measured acoustic transmission loss data in octave bands and reverberation envelopes. The data sets for test cases 4 and 5 were taken at two locations in shallow water, one in the East China Sea and the other along the southwest coast of Florida. The limitations of the data and the limits to the knowledge of the sites are discussed. In both cases, impulsive sources were used in conjunction with air-deployed sonobuoys. Since the measured data was incoherent, only methods consistent with total energy matching were applicable. Comparisons between the different inversion techniques presented at the workshop are discussed. For test cases 4 and 5, a precise metric was unavailable for comparison. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Fulford, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jim.fulford@nrlssc.navy.mil; chapman@uvic.ca NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.823319 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 803UO UT WOS:000220256200002 ER PT J AU Pflug, LA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW AF Pflug, LA Ioup, GE Ioup, JW TI Multichannel moment detectors for transients in shallow-water noise SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE detection; higher order moments; higher order statistics; ship noise; transient signals ID BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS; SIGNALS AB This paper presents an evaluation of second, third, and fourth-order moments for the passive detection of transient signals in both simulated Gaussian noise and measured noise. The measured noise was recorded by a vertical array located near the San Diego, CA, harbor and is dominated at low frequencies by ship-generated noise. The detectors assume neither noise nor signal stationarity and can use single or multiple channels of data. Simulation results indicate that the fourth-order moment detector often performs better than the energy detector in the correlated measured noise, with increasing channel contributions to the moment function, resulting in increased gain. The results in simulated Gaussian noise likewise favor the fourth-order moment detector, at least for the signals with significant fourth-order moments, but the ability of the higher order detector to discriminate against correlated noise is evident. Analysis over a 30-min segment of the measured noise with selected signals demonstrates that fourth-order detection gains can be reliably expected as the noise statistics change. C1 USN, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Pflug, LA (reprint author), USN, Ocean Acoust Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pflug@nrlssc.navy.mil; jioup@uno.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.822976 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 803UO UT WOS:000220256200015 ER PT J AU Palilis, LC Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Palilis, LC Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH TI Electron injection in "electron-only" devices based on a symmetric metal/silole/metal structure SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electron injection; electron mobilities; organic light-emitting diodes; siloles; space charge limited conduction ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; DISORDERED HOPPING SYSTEM; 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE ALUMINUM; SILOLE DERIVATIVES; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR; CHARGE INJECTION; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; EFFICIENCY AB We report on electron injection from two different metal electrodes into three silolie derivatives, namely 2,5-di-(3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PPSPP), 1,2-bis(1-methyl-2,3,4,5,-tetraphenyisilacyclopentadienyl) ethane (2PSP) and 2,5-bis-(2', 2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1, 1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), previously employed as emissive and electron transport materials in molecular organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs). Silole films were sandwiched between symmetric Mg:Ag or bilayer CsF-Al electrodes. The steady-state current density-voltage characteristics were measured as a function of the silole layer thickness for the two cathodes. The trap-free space-charge-limited current based on time-of-flight measurements compared with the injected electron current for PyPySPyPy indicated that Mg:Ag contacts limit the injected current, while CsF-Al contacts behave as quasi-ohmic contacts. Similar findings were obtained for 2PSP and PPSPP allowing steady-state derived electron mobility parameters to be extracted. Based on space-charge-limited conduction analysis of the measured current-voltage characteristics, PyPySPyPy is found to be a superior electron transporting silole with approximately an order, of magnitude higher electron mobility (2.0 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs) compared with those of 2PSP (2.4 x 10(-5) cm(2)/Vs) and PPSPP (5.2 x 10(-5) cm(2)/Vs), which is significantly higher than that of the prototype electron transport material tris (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)) (6.5 x 10(-7) cm(2)/Vs) at 0.6 MV/cm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. Chisso Corp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Palilis, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leonidas@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kafafi@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.824074 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 813KI UT WOS:000220905600011 ER PT J AU Singh, G AF Singh, G TI Content repurposisng SO IEEE MULTIMEDIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gsingh@nps.navy.mil NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1070-986X J9 IEEE MULTIMEDIA JI IEEE Multimedia PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 20 EP 21 DI 10.1109/MMUL.2004.1261102 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 763LX UT WOS:000188088400004 ER PT J AU Lou, JW Carruthers, TF Currie, M AF Lou, JW Carruthers, TF Currie, M TI 4 x 10 GHz mode-locked multiple-wavelength fiber laser SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mode locked lasers; optical fiber lasers; pulsed lasers ID DUAL-WAVELENGTH; RING LASER; BRAGG GRATINGS; CONFIGURATION; 10-GHZ AB We demonstrate a four-wavelength 10-GHz mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser, with wavelength spacings of 3.5-5 nm. Nearly transform-limited Gaussian pulses of 11- to 14-ps duration are measured and all wavelengths are synchronous. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlou@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 DI 10.1109/LPT.2003.818902 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 761DX UT WOS:000187885800017 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Williams, KJ AF Stievater, TH Williams, KJ TI Thermally induced nonlinearities in high-speed p-i-n photodetectors SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE InGaAs; nonlinearities; photodetectors; p-i-n photodiodes ID TEMPERATURE; PHOTODIODE; ABSORPTION AB Nonlinearities in the responsivity of high-speed p-i-n photodetectors at high photocurrents can limit the useful dynamic range in photonic systems. This letter describes a nonlinearity in the quantum efficiency in InGaAs photodetectors designed for applications at 1.5 mum is due to significant ohmic heating of the intrinsic region. Measured changes in responsivity of about 10% at photocurrents of 12 mA are attributed to a thermal bandgap shift, based on comparisons with temperature dependent measurements and a model of ohmic heating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 239 EP 241 DI 10.1109/LPT.2003.819369 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 761DX UT WOS:000187885800080 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC Fiedler, RL AF Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC Fiedler, RL TI Detection, location, and Imaging of fast moving targets using multifrequency antenna array SAR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; TIME-FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; VALUED WAVE-FORMS; MULTIPLE FREQUENCIES; SYSTEM; VSAR AB In this correspondence, we generalize the linear antenna array synthetic aperture radar (SAR) from transmitting single-wavelength signals to transmitting multiple-wavelength signals (called multifrequency antenna array SAR). We show that, using multifrequency antenna array SAR, not only the clutters can be suppressed but also locations of both slow and fast moving targets can be accurately estimated. A robust Chinese remainder theorem (m) is developed and used for the location estimation of fast and slowly moving targets. Simulations of SAR imaging of ground moving targets are presented to show the effectiveness of the multifrequency antenna array SAR imaging algorithm. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 29 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1292173 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 817ZT UT WOS:000221216100030 ER PT J AU Luginbuhl, T Willett, P AF Luginbuhl, T Willett, P TI Estimating the parameters of general frequency modulated signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ECM algorithm; EM algorithm; finite mixture distributions; finite mixture models; frequency modulation; frequency tracking; general frequency modulation; grouped data; harmonic series; harmonic sets; harmonic signals; harmonics; multitarget tracking; probabilistic multihypothesis tracking; truncation points ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; EM ALGORITHM; ECM ALGORITHM; NOISE; CONVERGENCE AB A general frequency modulated (GFM) signal characterizes the vibrations produced by compressors, turbines, propellers, gears, and other rotating machines in a dynamic environment. A GFM signal is defined as the composition of a real or complex, periodic, or almost-periodic carrier function with a real, differentiable modulation function. A GFM signal therefore contains sinusoids whose frequencies are (possibly nonintegral) multiples of a fundamental; to distinguish a GFM signal from a set of unrelated sinusoids, it is necessary to track them as a group. This paper develops the general frequency modulation tracker (GFMT) for one or more GFM signals in noise using the expectation/conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm that is an extension of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Three advantages of this approach are that the ratios (harmonic numbers) of the carrier functions do not need to be known a priori, that the parameters of multiple signals are estimated simultaneously, and that the GFMT algorithm exploits knowledge of the noise spectrum so that a separate normalization procedure is not required. Several simulated examples are presented to illustrate the algorithm's performance. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Luginbuhl, T (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1109/TSP.2003.820080 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 755WM UT WOS:000187434500011 ER PT S AU Darken, RP Burdea, GG Sherman, W Stone, RJ AF Darken, RP Burdea, GG Sherman, W Stone, RJ BE Ikel, Y Gobel, M Chen, J TI Panel: Teaching virtual reality: Why and how? SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality 2004 Conference CY MAR 27-31, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Darken, RP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7803-8415-6 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2004 BP 189 EP 189 DI 10.1109/VR.2004.1310073 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BY90S UT WOS:000189492200025 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Lee, JS GP ieee TI Polarimetric SAR image classification - Exploiting optimal variables derived from multiple-image datasets SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE classification; non-linear dimensionality reduction; polarimetric SAR ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION AB Polarimetric SAR image classification remains an important research area. Various methods continue to be developed for specific applications. Instead of focusing upon one specific problem, we have developed non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques that extract information from inherently high dimensional datasets. We present computationally tractable, sub-optimal extensions of the full non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques. We apply these sub-optimal techniques to polarimetric SAR image classification. Comparisons will be made between optimal and sub-optimal techniques, and, as a reference, to standard statistical Wishart classifiers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900050 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Yueh, SH Schuler, DL AF Lee, JS Yueh, SH Schuler, DL GP ieee TI Polarimetric analysis of scatterometer data for ocean surface wind measurement SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE scatterometer; radar polarimetry; ocean wind AB An experiment using a polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT) has been conducted by JPL for ocean surface wind measurement. It shows that sigma(0) values for HH, VV, HV, and VH have the property of even symmetry with respect to the upwind direction, and correlation coefficients between co- and cross-polarizations have the odd symmetry property. In this paper, the symmetry properties will be further examined using polarimetric analysis to investigate the depolarization effect, the scattering mechanism, and the polarization orientation angle. Theoretical results based on a two scale model are used to verify, the derived experiment results. The newly derived symmetry property has the potential to solve the 180degrees ambiguity in wind direction, and to enhance the accuracy of wind vector measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900055 ER PT B AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS De Grandi, G AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS De Grandi, G GP ieee TI Spiral eddy detection using surfactant slick patterns and polarimetric SAR image decomposition techniques SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE polarimetrie SAR; surfactant slicks; spiral eddy AB Surfactant slicks are widely dispersed throughout the oceans. Current driven features, such as spiral eddies, can be made visible by associated slick patterns. In this study a combined algorithm using the Cloude-Pottier decomposition and the Wishart classifier is presented to produce accurate maps of slick patterns. The study then uses the classified slick patterns to detect spiral eddies. The competing background wave-field is eliminated. Satellite SAR instruments performing wave spectral measurements, or operating as wind scatterometers, regard the slicks as a measurement error-term. The maps produced by the algorithm facilitate the flagging of slick contaminated pixels within the image. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900056 ER PT B AU Gaiser, PW Twarog, EM Li, L St Germain, KM Poe, GA Purdy, W Jelenak, Z Chang, PS Connor, L AF Gaiser, PW Twarog, EM Li, L St Germain, KM Poe, GA Purdy, W Jelenak, Z Chang, PS Connor, L GP ieee TI The WindSat space borne polarimetric microwave radiometer: Sensor description and mission overview SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE microwave radiometer; polarimetry; Stokes parameters; ocean winds ID SSM/I; SPEED AB The wind vector affects a broad range of naval missions, including strategic ship movement and positioning, aircraft carrier operations, aircraft deployment, effective weapons use, underway replenishment, and littoral operations. Furthermore. accurate wind vector data aids in short-term weather forecasting, the issuing of timely weather warnings, and the gathering of general climatological data. WindSat is a satellite-based multi-frequency polarimetric microwave radiometer developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for the U. S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). It is designed to demonstrate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. The sensor provides risk reduction for the development of the Conical Microwave Imager Sounder (CMIS), which is planned to provide wind vector data operationally starting in 2010. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900097 ER PT B AU Twarog, E Gaiser, PW Purdy, B Jones, L St Germain, KS Poe, G AF Twarog, E Gaiser, PW Purdy, B Jones, L St Germain, KS Poe, G GP ieee TI WindSat post-launch calibration SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB WindSat, an experimental sensor on the Coriolis mission launched in January 2003, is intended to measure the partially polarized emission from the ocean surface, and thereby indirectly measure the ocean surface wind vector. The WindSat calibration and validation process has two primary purposes. The first is to verify the WindSat radiometer absolute accuracy, which is driven by the calibration target accuracy and knowledge, the receiver performance, the antenna characterization and antenna pattern correction, and the geolocation and pointing processing. The second purpose is to validate the sea surface wind speed and direction environmental data products. A key part of this process to identify and quantify error sources and, if necessary, generate new sensor calibration coefficients, algorithms, and environmental data record (EDR) retrievals to bring the data products into specification. This paper focuses on the calibration of the brightness temperatures, the data product used to retrieve environmental parameters such as wind vector. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twarog, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900098 ER PT B AU Sletten, MA Smith, GB Liu, XN AF Sletten, MA Smith, GB Liu, XN GP ieee TI Experimental investigation of radar backscatter from plunging breakers using an ultrawideband radar and visible/infrared cameras SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE backscatter; low grazing angles; breaking waves; sea spikes; ultrawideband radar AB Interim results of a laboratory investigation of the low-grazing angle radar backscatter generated by plunging breakers are presented. A primary objective of this investigation is to experimentally verify a scattering mechanism through which the horizontally-polarized backscatter generated by the breaker can exceed that at vertical polarization, without involving multipath propagation between the front face of the wave and its crest. The experiments were conducted at the University of Maryland-College Park wave tank, and involved the deployment of a dual-polarized, ultrawideband radar, multiple high-speed visible cameras, and an ultra-sensitive infrared camera. All instruments were deployed simultaneously on a moving carriage, located above the wave tank channel, that followed the breakers as they evolved in space and time. Representative ultrawideband radar data and optical images are presented in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900103 ER PT B AU Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS AF Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS GP ieee TI Forward scattering phenomena at low grazing SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB A series of low angle radar measurements was conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band measurements observed the forward scattering from a 1-dimensional, 1/10th scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states. The experiment observed several interesting phenomena at low grazing angles including the Lloyd mirror rotation effect and channeling phenomenon. The Lloyd mirror rotation effect is a shift in the interference pattern due to shadowing. The channeling phenomenon is a type of forward scattering that occasionally occurs when a well-formed sea wave briefly reflects or focuses the out-of-plane energy towards the receiver, yielding a higher than expected, broad-band power gain. Observations for both phenomena are summarized and physical explanations are provided. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900105 ER PT B AU Bowles, JH Corson, MR Davis, CO Korwan, D Montes, MJ Snyder, W AF Bowles, JH Corson, MR Davis, CO Korwan, D Montes, MJ Snyder, W GP ieee TI Hyperspectral sensor characteristics needed for coastal ocean science SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE PHILLS; hyperspectral; ocean; coastal ocean; oceanography ID WATERS AB The complexity of the coastal ocean, particularly when the bottom is visible, necessitates the use of hyperspectral imagery for remote measurement of bathymetry, bottom type, and is ater properties. This is in contrast to the open ocean where water column properties alone are of interest and for which the use of multispectral imagery is normally sufficient. The Remote Sensing Division of the NRL has had a program to develop hyperspectral imagery for coastal studies for more than 10 years. The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS), the most recent version of NRL's imaging spectrometer, is designed specifically for this application. It uses a thinned, backside-illuminated CCb for high sensitivity and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a nearly distortion-free image. The sensors, which are constructed entirely from commercially available components, have been successfully deployed on numerous aircraft based experiments since 1999. After data collection is complete the data are geolocated, calibrated, atmospherically corrected and used for a variety of ocean and land products. In this presentation, we describe the instrument design, with emphasis on the specifications required for observing the coastal ocean. We also present examples of remote-sensing reflectance data obtained from the LEO-15 site in New Jersey that agree well with ground-truth measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 461 EP 464 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900121 ER PT B AU Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL AF Kersten, PR Lee, JS Ainsworth, TL GP ieee TI Classification of POLSAR images using a fast Fuzzy C-Medians Clustering algorithm SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE classification; clustering; fuzzy c-medians AB The Fuzzy C-Medians Clustering (FCMED) clustering algorithm is known to be a robust zeta(1) fuzzy clustering algorithm that works well even in the presence of outliers or remote small clusters. The well-known fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm often performs poorly in this environment. Unfortunately, the FCMED has a high space-complexity, which makes its application impractical for large images. A new fast Fuzzy C-Medians Clustering (FFCMED) algorithm is presented, Which may be applied to any clustering problem, but is demonstrated here by classifying a POLSAR image. The FFCMED provides a robust clustering tool that works well for large images and data sets. A relative speed up over the FCMED of at least 3-to-1 was observed for the image illustrated in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kersten, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 552 EP 555 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900144 ER PT B AU Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA Perkovic, D Farquharson, G Frasier, SJ AF Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA Perkovic, D Farquharson, G Frasier, SJ GP ieee TI Initial vector velocity estimates from the UMass Dual Beam Interferometer SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE interferometry; sea surface scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) AB The Dual Beam Interferometer consists of two interferometric SARs, one squinted at 20 degrees forward of broadside, and the other 20 degrees aft, to allow estimation of vector surface velocity with only a single aircraft pass. It was developed by the University of Massachusetts and is operated in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory. The paper presents initial estimates of surface velocity vectors in the coastal region during high tidal flow. The data were gathered over the barrier islands west of Ft. Myers, Florida, as part of March 2004 deployment. While no attempt has been made at this stage to correct for Doppler contributions from surface waves, the retrieved velocity field clearly follows the expected outflow. pattern, and velocity magnitudes agree well with in-situ data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7264, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 976 EP 979 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900258 ER PT B AU Hornstein, J Shettle, E Bevilacqua, R Colon, E Lumpe, J AF Hornstein, J Shettle, E Bevilacqua, R Colon, E Lumpe, J GP ieee TI Altitude registration of OMPS ozone profiles via comparison of bulk density profiles SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE atmospheric remote sensing; limb scattering; ozone AB Limb-viewing measurements of scattered UV sunlight can be registered in altitude if the altitude errors correspond to it rigid vertical shift, if the instrument measures radiances dominated by single Rayleigh scattering at altitudes where good temperature and pressure data are available from another source. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hornstein, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2446 EP 2449 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900638 ER PT B AU Donato, TF Eguiluz, A Garvine, RW Yan, XH AF Donato, TF Eguiluz, A Garvine, RW Yan, XH GP ieee TI Temporal analysis of RADARSAT-1 imagery from Delaware Bay SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE SAR; Delaware Bay; surface features, estuaries; plumes; tidal channels ID BACKSCATTERING CROSS-SECTION; COMPOSITE SURFACE MODEL; OCEAN SURFACE AB The objective of this study is to identify, catalog, and relate surface phenomena observed in SAR imagery of the Delaware Bay with concurrent environmental conditions (tides, winds, currents, river discharge, etc). To accomplish this objective, we examined a sequence of RADARSAT-1 SAR containing approximately 176 standard mode scenes collected over the Delaware Bay and adjacent coastal waters between May 1997 and February 2004. In this paper we report on 58 standard mode-2 scenes Collected during ascending orbits. Unique to this RADARSAT image time sequence is the contemporaneous set of in situ meteorological and oceanographic observations that were collected from shipboard platforms and fixed stations throughout the Delaware Bay during the image acquisition period. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2734 EP 2737 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900715 ER PT B AU Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS AF Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS GP ieee TI Rough surface scattering models SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Brown & Miller model for the coherent component of rough surface forward scattering is based on a flat surface geometric optics argument and is unable to account for shadowing effects at low grazing or the weakened nulls observed in experiments. This paper develops modifications to the coherent component of rough ocean forward scattering to account for (1) shadowing for downwind wave conditions, and (2) null weakening in the crosswind wave conditions. The downwind model modification accounts for shadowing by calculating the interference pattern referenced to the height above the mean illuminated and viewable sea surface. Similarly, the crosswind model modification accounts null weakening, v averaging the interference pattern due to the vertical undulations of the ocean surface. The Brown & Miller model and proposed models am compared against experimental data (X-band, H-polarization) from a forward scattering measurement at low grazing. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3107 EP 3110 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900815 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA AF Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA GP ieee TI Modeling data manifold geometry in hyperspectral imagery SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; MULTISPECTRAL DATA; CLASSIFIERS AB A new approach to modeling the nonlinear structure of hyperspectral imagery is developed. The new, approach extracts a coordinate system that preserves geodesic distances on the high-dimensional data manifold. Extant algorithms for modelling nonlinear structure such as ISOMAP have been developed for other applications and are globally optimal but are practical only for small data sets because of poor computational scaling. We develop an approach to improve the scaling of manifold algorithms to large remote sensing scenes and illustrate our approach with hyperspectral imagery. We also show that the manifold approach leads to significantly improved compression over a widely used classical method, the Minimum Noise Fraction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3203 EP 3206 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900841 ER PT B AU Bobak, JP McGlothlin, NR Dowgiallo, DJ VonRentzell, TE AF Bobak, JP McGlothlin, NR Dowgiallo, DJ VonRentzell, TE GP ieee TI Calibration and validation activities of the airborne polarimetric microwave Imaging radiometer - APMIR SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) was designed and built by the Naval Research Laboratory as a tool for calibration and validation (Cal/val) of the Coriolis WindSat and Defense Meteomlogical Satellite Program SSMIS satellite radiometer sensors. During March and April of 2004, APMIR underflew both WindSat and SSMIS a number of times as part of the respective cal/val campaigns. A subset of the results is presented here. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bobak, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3286 EP 3287 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900863 ER PT S AU Piepmeier, JA Waters, J AF Piepmeier, JA Waters, J GP ieee TI Analysis of stereo vision-based measurements of laboratory water waves SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB Pro-active ride control systems have the potential to improve seakeeping effects for high-speed vessels. By enabling the vessel to adjust for waves it has not yet encountered, the vessel's seakeeping characteristics may be significantly improved allowing it to reach higher speeds. This paper investigates the feasibility of it vision-based wave sensing approach that will be able to determine pertinent wave characteristics, such as slope, height, and frequency. A stereo vision-based system has been successfully applied to the in-situ measurement of laboratory water waves. Surface plots of the initial results from imaging regular sinusoidal waves at the Davidson Lab at Stevens Institute of Technology indicate excellent horizontal and vertical correlation with the generated wave characteristics. Validation of this data has been obtained by conventional wine probes mounted at two different locations in the tank. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM piepmeie@usna.edu; jwaters@usna.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3588 EP 3591 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900944 ER PT B AU Donato, TF Romeiser, R Lyzenga, DR Yan, XH AF Donato, TF Romeiser, R Lyzenga, DR Yan, XH GP ieee TI Synthetic aperture radar simulations from an idealized tidal channel SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE hydrodynamic modeling; SAR; bottom topography; tidal currents ID BACKSCATTERING CROSS-SECTION; COMPOSITE SURFACE MODEL; OCEAN SURFACE AB To gain insight into the effects of currents in tidal channels on SAR imaging, a series of hydrodynamic and SAR simulations were conducted using an idealized tidal channel. Preliminary results from the hydrodynamic and SAR modeling reveal the following: (1) peak modulations lie over mid-channel during flood and over the channel banks during ebb, (2) there is little, if any, change in these positions during respective tidal phases; only during transition is peak migration evident, and (3) there are distinct relationships between NRCS and along-channel current velocity and between NRCS and tide height. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3646 EP 3649 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900960 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA AF Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Fusina, RA GP ieee TI Improvements to land-cover and invasive species mapping from hyperspectral imagery in the Virginia coast reserve SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; CLASSIFIERS AB There are a number of challenges in developing consistent error-free maps of vegetation at the species level front hyperspectral imagery. One of the primary difficulties stems front bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effects. Similarly in applying classification models front one hyperspectral scene to another, BRDF effects also limit the classification accuracy. Other sources of nonlinearity, especially in coastal environments such as coastal wetlands, arise front the variable presence of water in pixels as a function of position in the landscape. In [1], we develop an approach to modeling these nonlinearities by deriving nonlinear coordinates that describe the hyperspectral data manifold. In this paper, we examine whether a nonlinear maniftold model can be aligned front one hyperspectral scene to another. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4180 EP 4183 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901105 ER PT B AU Corson, MR Bowles, JH Chen, W Davis, CO Gallelli, KH Korwan, DR Lucey, PG Mosher, TJ Holasek, R AF Corson, MR Bowles, JH Chen, W Davis, CO Gallelli, KH Korwan, DR Lucey, PG Mosher, TJ Holasek, R GP ieee TI The HICO program - Hyperspectral Imaging of the Coastal Ocean from the international space station SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The HICO (Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean) program is a collaboration between the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Utah State University, and NovaSol Inc., to image the coastal ocean and reef systems from the International Space Station. The first phase of the program will install the NRL Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS) in the Station Window Observational Research Facility (WORF), which has a nadir-facing optical window. The PHILLS will image in 10 nm hands over the wavelength range 400 to 1000 nm, and is designed to provide a signal-to-noise greater than 200 to 1 when viewing the relatively dark coastal ocean, coral, or on-shore vegetation. These images and ground truth will be used to develop and verify algorithms for water optical properties, chlorophyll, CDOM, bathymetry, bottom type, coral reef status, and to classify on-shore vegetation. The second phase of the program will install the University of Haivai'i MAHI short wave infrared hyperspectral imager in the WORK This paper introduces the HICO program, and discusses the PHILLS and its implementation for HICO. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Corson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4184 EP 4186 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901106 ER PT B AU Montes, MJJ Fusina, RA Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Gao, BC AF Montes, MJJ Fusina, RA Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Gao, BC GP ieee TI The effects of atmospheric correction schemes on the hyperspectral imaging of littoral environments SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci DE hyperspectral; vegetation index; estuary; tidal marsh classification ID ALGORITHM AB We investigate the effects of several atmospheric correction schemes (ACS) on spectral determination, biophysical parameter estimation, and unsupervised classification from hyperspectral data collected over a coastal New Jersey tidal marsh. The ACS examined include: two modes from ACORN 4.0 (modes 1.0 and 1.5), ATREM, FLAASH, Tafkaa-6S, and Taflaa-tabular. Results from the comparative analysis of derived spectra reveal a high degree of similarity for all methods for terrestrial derived spectra but considerably less so for spectra obtained from aquatic environments. Likewise, the similarities in the terrestrial spectra translate to significant correlations among the ACS for two of four computed biophysical reflectance indices (NDVI and Red Edge Wavelength). Of the remaining two indices, PRI and SIMI, computed values from both ACORN modes were not correlated with other ACS. Results from ISODATA classification for land and water environments, show a consistently high level of agreement (>90% overall) between both Tafkaa methods. FLAASH also shows a relatively high level of agreement with the Tafkaa methods (>70%) for land classes, however a relatively low agreement for water classes (<40%). ACORN mode 1.5 consistently demonstrated the lowest agreement among correction methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montes, MJJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 4187 EP 4190 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901107 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, J AF Gillis, D Bowles, J BE Bruzzone, L TI Target detection in hyperspectral imagery using demixed spectral angles SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing IX CY SEP 09-12, 2003 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP SPIE ID ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB We present a modification to the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) to perform mixed pixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery. Our method uses the linear mixing model to define a new set of coordinates using endmember spectra. We show that spectral angles measured in this new coordinate system differ from those measured in full band space, and that there is a natural interpretation of angles involving mixed pixels in these new coordinates. We include experimental evidence that our method outperforms traditional SAM in cases involving both subpixel and shaded target situations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5121-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5238 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1117/12.510835 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY70N UT WOS:000189443300025 ER PT S AU Mayer, R Scribner, D Fleet, E Waterman, J Schuler, J Kruer, M AF Mayer, R Scribner, D Fleet, E Waterman, J Schuler, J Kruer, M BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectral optimization studies and simulations for two-, three-, and four-band staring LWIR sensors in missile defense scenarios SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry X CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE missile defense; focal plane array; multi-color sensor; long wave IR; spectral angle map; matched filter ID BAND SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB Prototype 2-, 3-, and 4- band long wave infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPA) for missile defense applications have recently been constructed to enhance target discrimination in space-based interceptor seekers. To address issues related to target identification such as algorithm choice and band number, this study created synthesized, optimized (using a genetic algorithm) image cubes (8-12 mum) of targets and backgrounds compatible with expected mid-course defense scenarios and current multicolor sensors. Each candidate band was weighted using an interacting band edge model for 2-, 3- or 4- band sensors, consistent with a DRS multi-color HgCdTe LWIR FPA. Whitening the binned cubes and assigning red, green, blue colors directly to the whitened data set can prominently display and identify targets. Modified target signatures applied in matched filters searches and spectral angle maps autonomously searched for targets in the synthetic binned image cubes. Target discrimination diminished with decreasing target temperature and/or increasing distance between sensor and targets due to mixing subpixel target spectra with noise background. Spectral angle maps identified target temperatures and materials substantively better than the matched filter in this particular study. Target material and temperature identification improved by increasing number of bands, with greatest improvement for 3 bands relative to 2 bands. Extending detector sensitivity to 6-14 mum failed to improve target identification. This is the first study to systematically examine target identification in synthetic images cubes, consistent with missile defense scenarios and current multi-sensor technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5546 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.560633 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBE19 UT WOS:000225102700007 ER PT S AU Szu, H Buss, J Kopriva, I AF Szu, H Buss, J Kopriva, I BE Szu, HH Wickerhauser, MV Pearlmutter, BA Sweldens, W TI Early breast tumor and late SARS detections using space-variant multispectral infrared imaging at a single pixel SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, UNSUPERVISED SMART SENSORS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors and Neural Networks II CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE inverse problems; free energy; neural networks; space-variant imaging AB We proposed the physics approach to solve a physical inverse problem, namely to choose the unique equilibrium solution (at the minimum free energy: H= E - ToS, including the Wiener, l.m.s E, and ICA, Max S, as special cases). The "unsupervised classification" presumes that required information must be learned and derived directly and solely from the data alone, in consistence with the classical Duda-Hart ATR definition of the "unlabelled data". Such truly unsupervised methodology is presented for space-variant imaging processing for a single pixel in the real world case of remote sensing, early tumor detections and SARS. The indeterminacy of the multiple solutions of the inverse problem is regulated or selected by means of the absolute minimum of isothermal free energy as the ground truth of local equilibrium condition at the single-pixel foot print. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, Code 313,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5362-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5439 BP 116 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.548916 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAI05 UT WOS:000222349800012 ER PT S AU Ericsen, T Hingorani, N Khersonsky, Y AF Ericsen, T Hingorani, N Khersonsky, Y GP IEEE TI Power electronics and future marine electrical systems SO INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY 51ST ANNUAL PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SE RECORD OF CONFERENCE PAPERS - PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA DE Integrated Power Systems; Power Electronics Building Blocks; silicon-carbide power devices; electric propulsion systems; naval electric systems; marine electric power distribution AB Tomorrow's marine electrical systems will be profoundly different from today's systems. Power electronics is making major impacts on virtually every marine system including propulsion, power distribution, auxiliaries, sonar, and radar. Newly emerging materials,, components, and system concepts (such as wide band-gap materials, silicon-carbide-based power semiconductor devices, Power Electronics Building Blocks and Integrated Power Systems) are, and will continue, enabling future marine systems as different from today's systems as steam ships were to sailing ships. However, these enabling technologies and concepts are not well known and have been difficult to understand. This paper will introduce these new concepts and technologies, identify potential impacts, and explore new design methods to simplify marine electrical system development. C1 USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), USN, Res Off, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0090-3507 BN 0-7803-8698-1 J9 RECORD CONF PAP PETR PY 2004 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1109/PCICON.2004.1352794 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBF42 UT WOS:000225222700018 ER PT S AU Lynch, C Meadows, C AF Lynch, C Meadows, C BE Lopez, J Qing, S TI Sound approximations to Diffle-Hellman using rewrite rules SO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information and Communications Security CY OCT 27-29, 2004 CL Malaga, SPAIN AB The commutative property of exponentiation that is necessary to model the Diffie-Hellman key exchange can lead to inefficiency when reasoning about protocols that make use of that cryptographic construct. In this paper we discuss the feasibility of approximating the commutative rule for exponentiation with a pair of rewrite rules, for which in unification-based systems, the complexity of the unification algorithm changes from at best exponential to at worst quadratic in the number of variables. We also derive and prove conditions under which the approximate model is sound with respect to the original model. Since the conditions make the protocol easier to reason about and less prone to error, they often turn out to be in line with generally accepted principles for sound protocol design. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM clynch@clarkson.edu; meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23563-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3269 BP 262 EP 277 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBD14 UT WOS:000224981700021 ER PT S AU Irvine, CE Levin, TE AF Irvine, CE Levin, TE BE Deswarte, Y Cuppens, F Jajodia, S Wang, L TI A doctoral program with specialization in information security - A high assurance constructive security approach SO INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION AND PRIVACY SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Information Security Conference held at the 18th World Computer Congress CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP IFIP TC11 DE information assurance; education; doctoral program AB A doctoral program in computer science with a specialization in information security is described. The focus of the program is constructive security. Key elements of the program are the strong computer science core upon which it builds, coursework on the theory and principles of information assurance, and a unifying research project. The doctoral candidate is a member of the project team, whose research contributes to the goals of the project and to fundamental advancements in high assurance security. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-8144-8 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2004 VL 148 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1007/1-4020-8145-6_15 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BBX55 UT WOS:000228265700015 ER PT S AU London, M Wilder, R AF London, M Wilder, R BE Holst, GC TI Measurement and laboratory-to-field data correlation techniques for airborne forward-looking infrared systems SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XV CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; FLIR; imaging; flight-testing; data analysis; modeling; emissivity AB The performance of modem Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) systems is vital to preserving the lives of military personnel and civilians. Proper test and evaluation processes enhance system integration and provide useful data for system improvements and tactical implementation. Such processes are also necessary to effectively compare modeling and laboratory data with in-situ flight data. In this paper we discuss the test and evaluation processes typically used for infrared imaging systems and discuss some methods of correlating laboratory and modeling results with flight data. We will present a hypothetical infrared imaging system, demonstrate how it is put through various stages of testing, observe sample hypothetical system data results, and discuss some reasons for selecting specific testing facilities and locations. Additional discussion will focus on preliminary testing considerations such as selection of ground targets for Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference tests and the selection of proper target FLIR test patterns. Finally we will mention future testing challenges such as short-wave infrared systems and the validity of current assumptions used when testing mid-wave infrared systems. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Sensor Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP London, M (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Sensor Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5330-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5407 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.541355 PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV18 UT WOS:000223712700003 ER PT S AU Takken, EH Waterman, JR Hepfer, KC AF Takken, EH Waterman, JR Hepfer, KC BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Navy DAS program for SBIRST SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXX CY APR 12-16, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE IRST; SBIRST; missile detection; horizon search; infrared surveillance; focal plane array; staring array AB Pro-rams in both the U.S. and Britain(2) are attempting to apply staring array technology to the ship-board infrared search and track (SBIRST) problem. A prime objective is to speed processing time, the previous generation of 360 deg scanners having a refresh rate of only 0.5-1.0 Hz. Another objective is to enhance sensitivity using much longer integration times. An impediment, though, is that if all pixels of resolution angle phi were to be viewed simultaneously with dedicated detectors each of width w, the total net length of detector material would then have to be very large: 27piw/phi = 1.57 m = 60" for 100 muRad resolution and 25 mum detectors. So the application of staring array technology to horizon surveillance needs some form of wide viewing technique involving a combination of asymmetric resolution, reduced resolution, split optics or LOS stepping. The present paper suggests that conventional NEI is not the preferred unit of measure for guiding design choices but that instead a form of BLIP S/N can be both simple and intuitive. This S/N unit of measure is used to compare the two main choices for how to adapt staring technology to the horizon surveillance problem. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Takken, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5329-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5406 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1117/12.548360 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAX97 UT WOS:000224150900034 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM Gillespie, JW AF Ratcliffe, CP Crane, RM Gillespie, JW TI Damage detection in large composite structures using a broadband vibration method SO INSIGHT LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; PARAMETERS; DEFECTS AB This paper presents a broadband vibration-based Structural Irregularity and Damage Evaluation Routine (SIDER) that uses features in complex curvature operating shapes to locate damage and other areas with structural stiffness variations. SIDER was developed for the inspection of large-scale composite structures not amenable to more conventional inspection methods. This paper extends the procedure such that it can be used on general, multi-dimensional engineering structures. Experimental results from a composite road bridge and a composite ship hull show that even when an a priori model of the structure is not available, structural variability and some manufacturing defects can be located. Damage caused over time can be detected by comparing results of an inspection with the results obtained from the structure before it is put into service. Underwater explosion testing of the ship hull deliberately caused damage, which was located using this method. The results are reported here. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Ratcliffe, CP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM RATCLIFF@usna.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRITISH INST NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI NORTHAMPTON PA 1 SPENCER PARADE, NORTHAMPTON NN1 5AA, NORTHANTS, ENGLAND SN 1354-2575 J9 INSIGHT JI Insight PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1784/insi.46.1.10.52653 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 764BT UT WOS:000188171100004 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Kim, SS Song, TK Moon, SE Kim, EK Lee, SJ Kwak, MH Kang, KY Chang, W Kircheofer, SW Qadri, SD Pond, JM Horwitz, JS AF Kim, WJ Kim, SS Song, TK Moon, SE Kim, EK Lee, SJ Kwak, MH Kang, KY Chang, W Kircheofer, SW Qadri, SD Pond, JM Horwitz, JS TI Structure of ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films for tunable microwave devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin film; tunable microwave device; thin film structure ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 films have been deposited on (001) MgO single crystals by a pulsed laser deposition with oxygen background while heating the substrates. Deposited BST films exhibit epitaxial growth along (001), which are confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurement. Structure of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 along in-plane and surface normal direction have been investigated and found to have a tetragonal distortion depend on the deposition conditions, such as oxygen pressure. Lattice parameter decreases with increasing oxygen pressure, and tetragonallity (c/a) changes from 1.005 to 0.997 as oxygen pressure increase. Interestingly, energy gap measured by FTIR decreases with decreasing oxygen pressure until it reach a certain oxygen pressure, then increases again with increasing oxygen pressure. Furthermore, microwave properties of devices measured by a HP 8510C vector network analyzer from 0.045-20 GHz suggest that the least distorted films exhibit a larger dielectric constant changes with dc bias field. C1 Changwon Natl Univ, Chang Won, South Korea. Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Taejon 305606, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dept Energy Basic Energy Sci, Germantown, MD USA. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), Changwon Natl Univ, Chang Won, South Korea. EM kwj@sarim.changwon.ac.kr NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 66 BP 321 EP + DI 10.1080/10584580490895824 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884MP UT WOS:000226089700034 ER PT S AU Farkas, C Wingfield, TC Michael, JB Wijesekera, D AF Farkas, C Wingfield, TC Michael, JB Wijesekera, D BE Chen, H Zeng, DD Moore, R Leavitt, J TI THEMIS: Threat evaluation metamodel for information systems SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2004) CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ SP San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Tucson Police Dept, Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Homeland Secur, Intelligence Technol Innovat Ctr, Eller Coll Business & Public Adm, Univ Arizona, Management Informat Syst Dept, Internet Technol, Commerce & Design Inst, Ctr Management Informat, Mark & Susan Hoffman E-Commerce Lab, NSF COPLINK Ctr Excellence, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Natl Inst Justice, Af Off Sci Res, Silicon Graph HO Univ Arizona AB THEMIS (Threat Evaluation Metamodel for Information Systems) is a description logic-based framework to apply state, federal, and international law to reason about the intent of computer network attacks with respect to collateral consequences. It can be used by law enforcement agencies and prosecutors to build legally credible arguments, and by network designers to keep their defensive and retaliatory measures within lawful limits. THEMIS automates known quantitative measures of characterizing attacks, weighs their potential impact, and places them in appropriate legal compartments. From the perspective of computer networks, we develop representations and a way to reason about the non-network related consequences of complex attacks from their atomic counterparts. From the perspective of law, we propose the development of interoperable ontologies and rules that represent concepts and restrictions of heterogeneous legal domains. The two perspectives are woven together in THEMIS using description logic to reason about and guide defensive, offensive, and prosecutorial actions. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Potomac Inst Policy Studies, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Informat & Software Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Farkas, C (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM farkas@cse.sc.edu; twingfield@potomacinstitute.org; bmichael@nps.edu; dwijesek@gmu.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22125-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3073 BP 307 EP 321 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH47 UT WOS:000222231100023 ER PT J AU Kang, W Xi, N Tan, JD Wang, YC AF Kang, W Xi, N Tan, JD Wang, YC TI Formation control of multiple autonomous robots: Theory and experimentation SO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE formation control; perceptive reference frame; robot formation; event based control; mobile robots ID MOBILE ROBOTS; SYSTEMS; COORDINATION; BEHAVIOR; VEHICLES; TRACKING AB This paper presents all approach to the control of a formation of autonomous robots using a perceptive reference frame. The perceptive frame uses a parameter that is directly related the fusion of the sensory measurement of the formation as the motion reference. The paper presents the concept of the perceptive reference frame and the design procedure based oil the perceptive reference. The stability of the system based oil the perceptive reference is investigated. Examples are given to show the flexibility and advantage of the proposed approach. Some useful strategies of coordination are implemented in a perceptive frame by reference projections. The feature of the coordination is illustrated by experiments using three mobile robots. Lab experiments oil mobile robot are carried out in an environment with unexpected obstacles and unexpected stop for all arbitrary period of time. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Shenyang, Peoples R China. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Tan, Jindong/0000-0003-0339-8811 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-8587 EI 2326-005X J9 INTELL AUTOM SOFT CO JI Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 277 EP 293 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 857GK UT WOS:000224104200003 ER PT S AU Straatveit, SN AF Straatveit, SN BE Priddy, KL TI Direction-of-arrival interferometer array design using genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic SO INTELLIGENT COMPUTING: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Computing - Theory and Applications II CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE genetic algorithm; fuzzy logic; interferometer array AB Design of interferometer arrays for radio frequency direction of arrival estimation involves optimizing conflicting requirements. For example, high resolution conflicts with low cost. Lower level requirements also invoke lower level design issues such as ambiguity in direction of arrival angle. A more efficient array design process is described here, which uses a genetic algorithm with a growing genome and fuzzy logic scoring. Extensive simulation software is also needed. Simulation starts with randomized small array configurations. These are then evaluated against the fitness functions with results scored using fuzzy logic. The best-fit of the population are combined to produce the next generation. A mutation function introduces slight randomness in some genomes. Finally, if the overall population scores well the size of the genome is increased until final genome size is consistent with the desired array resolution requirement. The genetic algorithm design process described here produced a number of array designs. The results indicate discrete stages or steps in the optimization and an interesting trade-off of lower resolution for greater accuracy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Straatveit, SN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5344-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5421 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.541608 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAI02 UT WOS:000222348000002 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Yang, ZR Everson, R Yin, H TI Genetic program based data mining for fuzzy decision trees SO INTELLIGENT DAA ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATED LEARNING IDEAL 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning (IDEAL 2004) CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Execter, ENGLAND SP Execter Univ, Comp Sci Dept, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Springer Verlag AB A data mining procedure for automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree structure using a genetic program is discussed. A genetic program is an algorithm that evolves other algorithms or mathematical expressions. Methods of accelerating convergence of the data mining procedure including a new innovation based on computer algebra are examined. Experimental results related to using computer algebra are given. A comparison between a tree obtained using a genetic program and one constructed solely by interviewing experts is made. A genetic program evolved tree is shown to be superior to one created by hand using expertise alone. Finally, additional methods that have been used to validate the data mining algorithm are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jfsmith@drsews.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22881-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3177 BP 464 EP 470 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV07 UT WOS:000223701300068 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Yang, ZR Everson, R Yin, H TI Automating co-evolutionary data mining SO INTELLIGENT DAA ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATED LEARNING IDEAL 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning (IDEAL 2004) CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Execter, ENGLAND SP Execter Univ, Comp Sci Dept, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Springer Verlag AB An approach is being explored that involves embedding a fuzzy logic based resource manager in an electronic game environment. Game agents can function under their own autonomous logic or human control. This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a cleansed database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge, it calls a data mining function, a genetic algorithm, for data mining of the data base as required and allows easy evaluation of the information extracted. Co-evolutionary fitness functions are discussed. The strategy tree concept and its relationship to co-evolutionary data mining are examined as well as the associated phase space representation of fuzzy concepts. Co-evolutionary data mining alters the geometric properties of the overlap region known as the combined admissible region of phase space significantly enhancing the performance of the resource manager. Significant experimental results are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22881-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3177 BP 471 EP 477 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV07 UT WOS:000223701300069 ER PT S AU Rose, CP Torrey, C Aleven, V Robinson, A Wu, C Forbus, K AF Rose, CP Torrey, C Aleven, V Robinson, A Wu, C Forbus, K BE Lester, JC Vicari, RM Paraguacu, F TI CycleTalk: Toward a dialogue agent that guides design with an articulate simulator SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Maceio, BRAZIL SP CNPq, CAPES, FAPEAL, FINEP, FAL, PETROBRAS, AAAI, AI Educ Soc ID HELP AB We discuss the motivation for a novel style of tutorial dialogue system that emphasizes reflection in a design context. Our current research focuses on the hypothesis that this type of dialogue will lead to better learning than previous tutorial dialogue systems because (1) it motivates students to explain more in order to justify their thinking, and (2) it supports students' metacognitive ability to ask themselves good questions about the design choices they make. We present a preliminary cognitive task analysis of design exploration tasks using CyclePad, an articulate thermodynamics simulator [10]. Using this cognitive task analysis, we analyze data collected in two initial studies of students using CyclePad, one in an unguided manner, and one in a Wizard of Oz scenario. This analysis suggests ways in which tutorial dialogue can be used to assist students in their exploration and encourage a fruitful learning orientation. Finally, we conclude with some system desiderata derived from our analysis as well as plans for further exploration. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Rose, CP (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cprose@cs.cmu.edu; ctorrey@cs.cmu.edu; aleven@cs.cmu.edu; alr@andrew.cmu.edu; wu@usna.edu; forbus@cs.northwestern.edu RI Forbus, Kenneth/B-7146-2009; Robinson, Allen/I-5713-2012; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0003-1053-7090; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22948-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3220 BP 401 EP 411 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV60 UT WOS:000223806300038 ER PT S AU VanLehn, K Bhembe, D Chi, M Lynch, C Schulze, K Shelby, R Taylor, L Treacy, D Weinstein, A Wintersgill, M AF VanLehn, K Bhembe, D Chi, M Lynch, C Schulze, K Shelby, R Taylor, L Treacy, D Weinstein, A Wintersgill, M BE Lester, JC Vicari, RM Paraguacu, F TI Implicit versus explicit learning of strategies in a non-procedural cognitive skill SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Maceio, BRAZIL SP CNPq, CAPES, FAPEAL, FINEP, FAL, PETROBRAS, AAAI, AI Educ Soc AB University physics is typical of many cognitive skills in that there is no standard procedure for solving problems, and yet a few students still master the skill. This suggests that their learning of problem solving strategies is implicit, and that an effective tutoring system need not teach problem solving strategies as explicitly as model-tracing tutors do. In order to compare implicit vs. explicit learning of problem solving strategies, we developed two physics tutoring systems, Andes and Pyrenees. Pyrenees is a model-tracing tutor that teaches a problem solving strategy explicitly, whereas Andes uses a novel pedagogy, developed over many years of use in the field, that provides virtually no explicit strategic instruction. Preliminary results from an experiment comparing the two systems are reported. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Learning Res & Dev Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Learning Res & Dev Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM VanLehn@pitt.edu; Bhembe@pitt.edu; mic31@pitt.edu; collinl@pitt.edu; schulze@artic.nadn.navy.mil; lht3@pitt.edu; treacy@artic.nadn.navy.mil; andersw@pitt.edu; mwinter@artic.nadn.navy.mil NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22948-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3220 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV60 UT WOS:000223806300049 ER PT B AU Bardanis, F Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Bardanis, F Pace, PE Tummala, M BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Kill vehicle effectiveness for boost phase interception of ballistic missiles SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ DE boost phase interception; kill vehicle and proportional navigation AB Boost phase interception of ballistic missiles will be the primary response of a layered defense system for ballistic missile defense. The many advantages of boost phase interception are counterbalanced by the necessity to implement hit-to-kill technology in the kill vehicle, which typically employs an electro-optic seeker. Direct hit missile technology is constrained by the requirement to minimize miss distance between the kill vehicle and the optimum aimpoint on the target. This paper examines the kill vehicle effectiveness (miss distance), as a function of both the kill vehicle maximum acceleration capability and the guidance system time constant. The kill vehicle guidance system is modeled as a fifth order binomial with proportional navigation. In addition the miss distance is evaluated as a function of the apparent target displacement due to the transition of the aimpoint from the plume to warhead. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bardanis, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100001 ER PT B AU Drusinsky, D Michael, JB Shing, MT AF Drusinsky, D Michael, JB Shing, MT BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Behavioral modeling and run-time verification of system-of-systems architectural requirements SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 6, POST-CONFERENCE ISSUE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ DE UML-RT; real-time system; temporal logic; run-time execution monitoring; execution-based model checking; missile defense AB This paper addresses the need to analyze and validate the architectural requirements of complex systems-of-systems early in the development process. We present an iterative rapid prototyping process for studying the temporal behavior of the system-of-systems architecture via object-oriented architectural models expressed in UML-RT (UML for Real-Time extension) augmented with formal specification of timing requirements in terms of a time-series temporal logic. The UML-RT models are translated into coarse-grained simulation models that are exercised using the OMNeT++ simulation engine. We instrument the OMNeT++ simulation code with probes that send information to DBRover, a time-series temporal logic tool that simulates, builds, executes and monitors temporal assertions about a target application, for temporal property verification during prototype execution. We illustrate the proposed approach with a case study of the sensor-netting capability of a missile defense system. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100003 ER PT B AU Humali, IG Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Humali, IG Pace, PE Tummala, M BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Sensor fusion algorithms for boost phase intercept SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ AB Decision level fusion architectures combine sensor information after each sensor has made a preliminary determination of a target's location, velocity and identity. Several decision level approaches have been previously investigated such as the weighted decision method (or voting technique), classical inference, and Bayesian inference. This paper compares the ability of these decision level approaches for guiding an interceptor during a boost phase ballistic missile defense. A first-order Markov process is first used to generate the target vector and dynamics based upon Newton's laws and uses an earth-centered coordinate system. The target is tracked using two radar (RF) sensors (X band) and two infrared (IR) sensors (staring arrays) with measurement errors. The target location and velocity errors for each fusion method are compared using the Markov model as a reference. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Humali, IG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100004 ER PT B AU Uzun, K Jenn, DC Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Uzun, K Jenn, DC Pace, PE Tummala, M BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Radar cross-section prediction of a 3-stage ballistic missile using physical optics approximation SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ DE intercontinental ballistic missile; boost phase intercept; radar cross-section; physical optics approximation; and POFACETS AB In this paper, the radar cross-section (RCS) prediction of a three-stage intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is presented. The RCS is predicted for different frequencies in the range of L to X-Band. Since the accuracy of the RF sensor track is directly proportional to the backscatter characteristics of the missile, this prediction is an important consideration in any ballistic missile tracking analysis. For the missile model, general stage dimensions of the US Peacekeeper missile are used. A common approach to predict the RCS of three-dimensional complex targets is the physical optics (PO) approximation. This method overcomes the excessive computational requirements while working with electrically large structures. This method is most accurate in the specular direction and does not include surface waves, multiple reflections and edge diffractions. The software application used in this paper is POFACETS, which is developed in Naval Postgraduate School. POFACETS provides a useful tool that allows the modeling of an arbitrary three-dimensional object, composed of triangular facets, visualization of its geometry and calculation of its RCS. The effect of frequency and staging on the RCS prediction is presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Uzun, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100005 ER PT B AU Uzun, K Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Uzun, K Pace, PE Tummala, M BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Guidance of a multi-stage boost phase interceptor using off-board sensors SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ AB This paper presents a multi-stage interceptor design capable of deploying a kill vehicle for intercepting a ballistic, multi-stage target in the boost phase. Forward deployed RF sensors and space-based IR sensors provide the target position to the interceptor where it then computes the line of sight (LOS), LOS rate, and closing velocity (using the onboard INS/GPS) to generate the required acceleration commands for guidance. Lateral acceleration and lateral divert results are provided to demonstrate the interceptor design. MATLAB simulations are used to numerically evaluate the effectiveness or miss distance as a function of the variation of sensor input quality and any sensor-to-interceptor delay that might occur. This delay is due to both command and control decision time for interceptor launch and sensor-to-fusion-to-interceptor path delay that occurs. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Uzun, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100006 ER PT B AU Uzun, K Pace, PE Tummala, M AF Uzun, K Pace, PE Tummala, M BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Boost phase analysis of a multi-stage ballistic missile SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ AB Initial velocity launch models are widely used for the research of mid-course or terminal phase of intercontinental ballistic missile flight. When investigating a boost phase intercept situation, however, these models are no longer valid due to the short flight time being processed. This paper presents a multi-stage boost phase model that includes a realistic examination of the missile acceleration, velocity and position characteristics. The simulation operates in an Earth centered three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate framework. The target is defined with a minimal set of parameters including stage total weights, propellant weights, specific impulses, and bum times. The net force acting on the body is continuously evaluated by computing two major forces, thrust and weight, and this in turn yields velocity and position data by integration. The effect of the Earth's gravity field is examined in detail. The simulation results for a ballistic target are compared to the theory by using the trajectory equation. Target velocity requirements to hit certain intercontinental distances are also examined as well as the resulting trajectories, velocity, staging, and mass versus flight time. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Uzun, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100007 ER PT B AU Weller, DB Boger, DC Michael, JB AF Weller, DB Boger, DC Michael, JB BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Command structure of the ballistic missile defense system SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ DE battle management; ballistic missile defense; command and control AB The United States is embarking on a course of designing and fielding a Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to defend the nation and its allies against ballistic missile attacks. The BMDS will need a Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC) system that can engage threat missiles in a timely manner. This paper covers how the Unified Command Plan affects missile defense efforts, the lessons learned from Desert Storm, and alternative chains of command for the BMDS to use to engage threat missiles in an expeditious manner. Preliminary findings indicate that a flattened chain of command for missile defense forces is a good starting point for the initial deployment of the BMDS. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weller, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100008 ER PT J AU Memish, ZA Alkhy, HHB Shibl, AA Barrozo, CP Gray, GC AF Memish, ZA Alkhy, HHB Shibl, AA Barrozo, CP Gray, GC TI Streptococcus pneumoniae in Saudi Arabia: antibiotic resistance and serotypes of recent clinical isolates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; Saudi Arabia; drug resistance; drug sensitivity; serotypes ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; OTITIS-MEDIA; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; MENINGITIS; PREVALENCE; PATHOGENS AB During 2000, 154 clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were collected from or through three major hospitals serving the Western, Central, and Eastern regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ninety-one (59.1%) of the 154 isolates were resistant to penicillin with 23 strains (14.9%) highly resistant. Resistance was more prevalent among isolates obtained from patients <10 years of age and from isolates cultured from blood and cerebral spinal fluid. Decreased sensitivity to ceftriaxone, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, and levofloxacin was found in 14.9, 15.6, 9.7, and 1.3% of isolates, respectively. There were no significant differences in the resistance pattern between isolates obtained from patients in the three different geographical areas. Serotypes of 116 isolates revealed the most prevalent types to be (descending order) 4, 3, 19F, 9V, 6A, 19A, 14 and 23F, comprising 75% of all strains typed; 9.5% of isolates were nontypable. S. pneumoniae isolates from Saudi Arabia have become more resistant to penicillin and other antimicrobials over the past 20 years. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. C1 King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Dept Infect Prevent & Control, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Dept Pediat, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. King Saud Univ, Dept Microbiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Memish, ZA (reprint author), King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Dept Internal Med, POB 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia. EM memish@ngha.med.sa; balkhyh@ngha.med.sa; amshibl@ksu.edu.sa; Barrozo@nhrc.navy.mil; Ggray@mail.public-health.uiowa.edu NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.05.008 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 776CF UT WOS:000189096900006 PM 14732311 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Shlesinger, MF Tshiteya, R AF Kostoff, RN Shlesinger, MF Tshiteya, R TI Nonlinear dynamics text mining using bibliometrics and Database Tomography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Review DE nonlinear dynamics; bifurcation; chaos; limit cycle; Poincare map; period-doubling; periodic orbits; Henon map; dynamical systems; chaotic attractors; strange attractors; text mining; information retrieval; bibliometrics ID TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; CITATION; SCIENCE; ROADMAPS AB Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database analysis system consisting of two major components: (1) algorithms for extracting multiword phrase frequencies and phrase proximities (physical closeness of the multiword technical phrases) from any type of large textual database, to augment (2) interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. DT was used to derive technical intelligence from a Nonlinear Dynamics database derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI). Phrase frequency analysis by the technical domain experts provided the pervasive technical themes of the Nonlinear Dynamics database, and the phrase proximity analysis provided the relationships among the pervasive technical themes. Bibliometric analysis of the Nonlinear Dynamics literature supplemented the DT results with author/journal/institution publication and citation data. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. DDL Omni Engn LLC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 61 EP 92 DI 10.1142/S0218127404009089 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 808PK UT WOS:000220580800003 ER PT J AU Holper, B Mayer, H Vasudevan, AK Stanzl-Tschegg, SE AF Holper, B Mayer, H Vasudevan, AK Stanzl-Tschegg, SE TI Near threshold fatigue crack growth at positive load ratio in aluminium alloys at low and ultrasonic frequency: influences of strain rate, slip behaviour and air humidity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; threshold; 2024; 7075; load ratio; strain rate; air humidity ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; STRESS INTENSITY; PROPAGATION RATE; WATER-VAPOR; ENVIRONMENT; 2024-T3; LEVEL AB Fatigue crack growth near threshold has been studied in 2024-T3 and in over-aged 7075 (7075-OA) using servo-hydraulic equipment (cycling frequency 20 Hz) and ultrasonic equipment (20 kHz). Experiments have been performed at load ratio R = 0.05 and R = 0.5 in ambient air and in vacuum. Below 10(-9) m/cycle, fatigue crack growth in vacuum is not influenced by the cycling frequency and no strain rate effects are found. Air humidity accelerates near threshold fatigue crack growth, and threshold stress intensities at 10(-10) m/cycle in ambient air are approximately 50-60% of those measured in vacuum. Similar threshold stress intensities at 20 Hz and 20 kHz, however, higher crack growth rates at the lower frequency at stress intensities above threshold were found in ambient air, where the frequency influence was most pronounced for fully reversed loading. Near threshold 2024-T3 shows planar slip behaviour and crystallographic (stage 1-like) fatigue crack growth in vacuum, whereas stage II fatigue crack growth is found in ambient air. 7075-OA shows homogeneous slip properties and stage II fatigue crack growth in both environments. No apparent influences of load ratio and cycling frequency on fracture surfaces produced at very low growth rates are visible. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Agr Sci, Inst Meteorol & Phys, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mayer, H (reprint author), Univ Agr Sci, Inst Meteorol & Phys, Turkenschanzstr 18, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00092-6 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 747YX UT WOS:000186835100003 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK TI Crack tip driving forces and crack growth representation under fatigue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack growth; crack tip driving force; unified approach; crack growth representation ID PROPAGATION; THRESHOLD; BEHAVIOR; LOADS AB Fatigue is considered as a two load parameter problem involving two crack tip driving forces. Conventional representation of crack growth rates, da/dN, as a function of a single driving force, DeltaK, is considered as inadequate. Mean stress effects are treated normally as R-ratio effects. These effects are due to a second crack tip driving force, K-max The role of K-max has been generally ignored. even though it has more dominating influence than DeltaK. A unified Approach developed by the authors considers interplay of these two governing forces, DeltaK and K-max as fundamental to fatigue. Superimposed environmental effects and static load effects naturally follow, in this Unified Approach, since K-max is the governing parameter for these. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Code 332,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00105-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 747YX UT WOS:000186835100004 ER PT J AU Balaban, CD Cohn, J Redfern, MS Prinkey, J Stripling, R Hoffer, M AF Balaban, CD Cohn, J Redfern, MS Prinkey, J Stripling, R Hoffer, M TI Postural control as a probe for cognitive state: Exploiting human information processing to enhance performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS; BALANCE; ANXIETY; LEVEL; FEAR AB The battlefield of the future will require the warfighter to multitask in numerous ways, seriously taxing the cognitive and perceptual capabilities of even the most advanced warrior. A principal concern in developing a better understanding of how current and proposed computational technologies can supplement and augment human performance in this and other environments is determining when such assistance is required. This challenge can be parsed into 2 components: determining what set of measurements accurately reflects cognitive state, and identifying techniques for synthesizing this set of measurements into a single collective cognitive state variable. The primary thesis of this proposal is that automatic human behavioral responses serve as inherent probes for cognitive state. Further, the human perception-action system is uniquely designed to capture, process, integrate, and act on an extraordinarily diverse range of information freely available in the natural environment. Together, this system and the surrounding environment which acts on it-and on which the system acts-form a dynamic coupling. Under normal conditions these couplings remain intact. When stressed, these couplings become degraded. Based on this understanding, the authors propose a unique suite of Cognitive Workload Assessment (CWA) tools, based on real-time measurements of postural control that can serve as both a stand-alone indicator of cognitive state as well as a cueing filter for engaging other CWA sensor suites that are currently under development. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA USA. US Dept Def, Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Balaban, CD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, 107 EEINS,203 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cbalaban@pitt.edu OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1044-7318 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1207/s15327590ijhc1702_9 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 840UH UT WOS:000222884900009 ER PT J AU Curtright, AE Bouwman, PJ Wartena, RC Swider-Lyons, KE AF Curtright, Aimee E. Bouwman, Peter J. Wartena, Ryan C. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Power sources for nanotechnology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE power source; nanopower; nanofuel cell; molecular motor; nanobattery; micropower; fuel cell; solar cell; battery AB Nanoscale power sources are critical to the Success of nanodevices. Potential nanotechnology applications range from molecular electronics to medical treatment to remote sensing. Despite the limited research to date and the complexities of the problem. nanoscale power sources may be developed with inspiration from microscale and molecular/biological power Sources, and they can be fabricated with new and emerging fabrication techniques. Recent progress toward microscale power is Surveyed herein, and limitations are noted. Finally, several nanoscale power Source schemes are described which call provide direction for future research efforts. C1 [Curtright, Aimee E.; Bouwman, Peter J.; Wartena, Ryan C.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6171,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 239 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA V04KV UT WOS:000207058200011 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Wilfong, ER Lohrke, SM Bausman, T Eggers, JS Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Wilfong, ER Lohrke, SM Bausman, T Eggers, JS Bobb, AJ TI Impact of 30-day oral dosing with N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Sprague-Dawley rat physiology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glutathione; glutathione-S-transferase; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; oral toxicity; rats ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; NORMAL-ACETYLCYSTEINE; ACYLASE-I; TOXICITY; INVIVO; CELLS; ACETAMINOPHEN; PARACETAMOL; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB A number of studies have demonstrated a protective effect associated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against toxic chemical exposure. However, the impact of long-term oral dosing on tissue pathology has not been determined. In this study, the authors assessed the impact of long-term oral NAC administration on organ histopathology and tissue glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Groups of 20 SD rats ( 10 males, 10 females), 8 weeks of age, were dosed daily by oral gavage with deionized H2O ( negative controls) or NAC solution at a rate of 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Animals were euthanized 6 h after treatment on study day 30. There were no significant differences in final body weights or weekly average weight gain between treatment groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly elevated ( pless than or equal to.05) in NAC-treated animals compared to controls when measured on study day 30. Histopathologic evaluation of the stomach, small intestine, liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and lungs revealed no lesions associated with NAC administration. When measured on study day 30, total GST activity for kidney and skin from NAC-treated animals were increased 39% to 131% as compared to controls. Tissue GSH concentrations from NAC-treated animals were increased 24% to 81% as compared with negative controls. Further studies are needed to determine if the observed increase in tissue GSH concentration and GST activity provide a degree of chemoprotection against dermal and systemic chemical toxicants. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1080/10915810490502041 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 852FD UT WOS:000223739800003 PM 15371168 ER PT B AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F Gong, Q AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F Gong, Q BE Chu, HW Aguilar, J Ferrer, J TI A spectral algorithm for pseudospectral methods in optimal control SO ISAS/CITSA 2004: International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications and 10th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis, Vol 2, Proceedings: COMMUNICATIONS, INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications/10th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 21-25, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst, Int Federat Syst Res ID OPTIMIZATION AB Recent convergence theorems are combined with the close relationship between spectral (Galerkin) methods and pseudospectral methods to design an efficient, robust, multigrid algorithm for computing optimal controls. The main contribution of this paper is a mesh-refinement algorithm that fills a critical gap in pseudospectral methods for optimal control. The design of the algorithm is based on a solving a sequence of relaxed discretized optimal control problems. The relaxation parameters and the size of the grid are adjusted in a manner motivated by the concept of consistent approximations. An elastic procedure facilitates initialization problems. Prolongation operators are used to warm-start the sequence of nonlinear programming problems. The sequence is terminated when any one of a family of convergence criteria is satisfied. Numerical experiments reveal that just two or three mesh refinements are sufficient to generate good solutions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-19-1 PY 2004 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBU28 UT WOS:000227809100022 ER PT B AU Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Ancona, M Neilson, JM Waind, PR AF Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Ancona, M Neilson, JM Waind, PR GP IEEJ TI Transient analysis of 3.3kV double-side double-gate IGBTs SO ISPSD '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & ICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs CY MAY 24-27, 2004 CL Kitakyushu, JAPAN SP Inst Elect Engineers Japan, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Murata Sci Fdn, Kitakushu City, Ctr Res Inst Elect Power Inc, Denso Corp, Fuju Elect Device Technol Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, ISE Japan, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Kyushu Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, NEC Elect Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, NGK Insulators Ltd, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, NTT Corp, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, Origin Elect Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanken Elect Co Ltd, Sansha Elect MFG Co Ltd, Shindegen Elect MFG Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyota Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyota Motor Corp AB The transient behavior of double-side, double-gate IGBTS (DIGBTs) is presented. Devices fabricated with and without n-buffer layers are compared to conventional IGBTs. Both DIGBT designs show improved E-OFF and V-CE,V-ON compared with the 3.3 kV IGBTs. The improvement in V-CE,V-ON is 35% and 46% for devices with and without n-buffer layers, respectively, compared to conventional IGBTs. Improvement in turn-off loss is nearly 80%, achieving E-OFF as low as 9 mJ turning off 50 A at 1800 V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hobart@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTR ENGINEERS JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 8TH FLOOR HOMAT HORIZON BLDG 6-2 GOBANCHO CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0076, JAPAN BN 4-88686-060-5 PY 2004 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAV61 UT WOS:000223808200061 ER PT B AU Marks, RA Pan, D Dutta, I Jadhav, SG AF Marks, RA Pan, D Dutta, I Jadhav, SG BE Ramakrishna, K Sammakia, BG Culham, JR Joshi, YK Pang, JHL Jonnalagadda, K Tonapi, S Refai-Ahmed, G Lee, TYT Copeland, DW Ellsworth, MJ Ellsworth, MJ TI Impression creep testing and constitutive modeling of Sn-based solder interconnects SO ITHERM 2004, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, CPMT, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, 50th ECTC, Int Microelect & Packaging Soc DE Pb-free solders; Sn-Ag; Sn-Ag-Cu; impression creep; creep modeling; coarsening; thermomechanical cycling ID GRAIN-GROWTH; JOINTS; ALLOY; SIZE AB The creep behavior of solder joints plays a key role in their reliability in microelectronic applications, necessitating the development of accurate creep testing methodologies and constitutive creep models for the various emerging Pb-free solder alloys. Because of the significant microstructural/compositional differences between bulk solder alloys and tiny microelectronic joints, bulk creep properties are usually not suitable for reliability assessment of flip-chip and ball-grid-array (BGA) solder joints. In this paper, we present results on impression creep of Sn-Ag solder, which allows testing of very small material volumes, and report on the miniaturization of the apparatus to allow direct testing of individual microelectronic solder balls attached to a BGA substrate within relatively short times and with minimal sample preparation. A microstructurally adaptive creep model, which accounts for the effects of microstructural aging on the creep response of solder joints, and is capable of adjusting itself as solder joint microstructures evolve during service, is presented, along with experimental determination of the relevant coarsening kinetics parameters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Marks, RA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8357-5 PY 2004 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2004.1318262 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BAI97 UT WOS:000222481200014 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Park, C Peterson, KA Vella, J Pan, D AF Dutta, I Park, C Peterson, KA Vella, J Pan, D BE Ramakrishna, K Sammakia, BG Culham, JR Joshi, YK Pang, JHL Jonnalagadda, K Tonapi, S Refai-Ahmed, G Lee, TYT Copeland, DW Ellsworth, MJ Ellsworth, MJ TI Modeling of interfacial sliding and film crawling in back-end structures of microelectronic devices SO ITHERM 2004, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, CPMT, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, 50th ECTC, Int Microelect & Packaging Soc DE back-end structure; Cu interconnects; low-K dielectric; plasticity; interfacial sliding; thermo-mechanical cycling ID HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTS; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; CU THIN-FILM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COPPER-FILMS; STRESS; AL; CREEP AB Interconnect structures at the back-end of microelectronic devices can deform via unusual, scale-sensitive phenomena due to thermo-mechanical loads sustained during processing, or during service as part of a microelectronic package. Although small, these effects can have a pronounced effect on component reliability. Here, we present results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on Cu-low K dielectric (LKD) back-end interconnect structures (BEIS) to demonstrate these effects, which include creep/plasticity of interconnect lines, and diffusionally accommodated sliding at Cu-LKD interfaces. These effects may result in in-plane (IP) changes in Cu line dimensions, cause strain incompatibilities between Cu and LKD in the out-of-plane (OOP) direction, and cause Cu lines to migrate or crawl under far-field shear stresses imposed by the package. A shear-lag based model is utilized to simulate OOP deformation in a Cu-LKD single layer BEIS under thermal cycling conditions associated with back-end processing. A separate model, which simulates IP deformation of Cu interconnects embedded in LKD under thermo-mechanical cycling conditions imposed when the chip is attached to a flip-chip package, is also presented. The models, which incorporate a constitutive interfacial sliding law developed by us previously, help rationalize the experimental AFM observations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8357-5 PY 2004 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2004.1318271 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BAI97 UT WOS:000222481200020 ER PT B AU Beasley, MA Firebaugh, SL AF Beasley, MA Firebaugh, SL BE Ramakrishna, K Sammakia, BG Culham, JR Joshi, YK Pang, JHL Jonnalagadda, K Tonapi, S Refai-Ahmed, G Lee, TYT Copeland, DW Ellsworth, MJ Ellsworth, MJ TI Design and packaging for a microelectromechanical thermal switch radiator SO ITHERM 2004, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, CPMT, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, 50th ECTC, Int Microelect & Packaging Soc DE microelectromechanical system; satellite thermal control; thermal model; package design AB Smaller satellites will require low-power, lightweight thermal control. This paper describes a technology based on a thermal switch which controls the conductivity between the radiator and a highly-emissive surface. The device is going to be tested aboard MIDSTAR 1, a small satellite that is being designed and built by students at the United States Naval Academy. This paper presents a discussion of the device design, and a detailed thermal analysis that shows how the power dissipation for the device relates to design parameters. The package and testing procedure are also described. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Beasley, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Maury Hall,Mail Stop 14B, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8357-5 PY 2004 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2004.1318344 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BAI97 UT WOS:000222481200090 ER PT B AU Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C AF Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C GP IEEE TI Scandate cathode fundamentals: Interactions of BA, O and SC on W SO IVESC2004: THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference CY SEP 03-10, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Electr, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Beijing Sect, IEEE Beijing Branch, IEEE EDS Beijing Chapter, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Vacuum Electr Res Inst, Beijing Univ Technol, SE Univ, Nanjing C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shih, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8437-7 PY 2004 BP 57 EP 58 DI 10.1109/IVESC.2004.1413957 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBP96 UT WOS:000227005000013 ER PT B AU Dressman, LJ Warnick, RL Qualls, A AF Dressman, LJ Warnick, RL Qualls, A GP IEEE TI Cathode life test facility-historical review SO IVESC2004: THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference CY SEP 03-10, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Inst Electr, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Beijing Sect, IEEE Beijing Branch, IEEE EDS Beijing Chapter, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Vacuum Electr Res Inst, Beijing Univ Technol, SE Univ, Nanjing C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Dressman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Code 80943,Bldg 3168 300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8437-7 PY 2004 BP 149 EP 149 DI 10.1109/IVESC.2004.1414169 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BBP96 UT WOS:000227005000047 ER PT J AU Tillman, MS AF Tillman, MS TI Development of metal-bonding spray adhesives for use in aerospace repair applications SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epoxy adhesives; metal bonding; spray adhesive; aerospace repair ID ALUMINUM; JOINTS AB In many aerospace applications, the use of film and paste adhesive materials is not conducive to either good manufacturability or good bonding properties. To address this concern, the development of high-performance, epoxy-based, spray-adhesive resins has been undertaken from a research and development standpoint. These materials were investigated in the light of their potential repair applications, with focus on adhesive joint designs based on lap-shear performance and processibility of the adhesive. It was found that the resins investigated displayed adequate lap-shear strengths for the bond types of interest. However, some resins proved to be a considerable challenge during processing and solvent removal presented a problem for some materials. As expected, the combined use of mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lap-shear strengths of the resins could be tailored with changes in their chemistry, and that these changes also affected the solvent removal process. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Aerosp Mat Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Tillman, MS (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Aerosp Mat Div, 48066 Shaw Rd,Unit 5,Bldg 2188,Code 4-3-4-3, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM matthew.tillman@navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 18 IS 7 BP 751 EP 764 DI 10.1163/156856104840318 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 841HI UT WOS:000222920500002 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Shubin, YS Delehanty, JB Golden, JP Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS AF Sapsford, KE Shubin, YS Delehanty, JB Golden, JP Taitt, CR Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS TI Fluorescence-based array biosensors for detection of biohazards SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lab on a Chip - Diagnosis and Onsite Testing CY JAN 08-09, 2003 CL ENGLAND SP Soc Appl Microbiol ID SITE-SPECIFIC IMMOBILIZATION; INTERNAL-REFLECTION FLUORESCENCE; PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR; WAVE-GUIDE IMMUNOSENSOR; DNA MICROARRAYS; IMAGING MEASUREMENTS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; SENSOR AB Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is a process whereby fluorophores that are either attached to or are in close proximity with the surface of a waveguide are selectively excited via an evanescent wave. Planar wave-guides provide the possibility of immobilizing multiple capture biomolecules onto a single surface and therefore, offer the exciting prospect of multi-analyte detection. The production of arrays and the results of various groups which use TIRF to interrogate such surfaces is reviewed, along with a look at how far the field has advanced toward the production of an automated, portable, multi-analyte array biosensor for real-time biohazard detection. In particular, a miniaturized, fully automated, stand-alone array biosensor developed at the Naval Research Laboratory is reported that monitors interactions between binding partners either as the final image or in real-time. A variety of analytes including toxins, bacteria and viruses have been detected both in buffer and complex matrices, such as blood and soil suspensions, with comparable detection limits. A number of developments have led to a TIRF array biosensor weighing only 5.5 kg which is automated for environmental, clinical and food monitoring or for detection of bioterrorist agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 108 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02115.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 755MR UT WOS:000187407100006 PM 14678158 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA Derenge, M Holland, OW Vispute, RD Wilson, SR AF Mitra, S Rao, MV Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA Derenge, M Holland, OW Vispute, RD Wilson, SR TI Deep-level transient spectroscopy study on double implanted n(+)-p and p(+)-n 4H-SiC diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIC POWER DEVICES; ION-IMPLANTATION; JUNCTION DIODES; BORON; ALUMINUM; SILICON; CENTERS; TRAPS AB Planar n(+)-p and p(+)-n junction diodes, fabricated in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers using a double-implantation technology (a deep-range acceptor followed by a shallow-range donor implantation and vice versa), are characterized using capacitance deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) to detect deep levels, which may influence device electrical performance. Either Al or B was used as the acceptor, while N or P was used as the donor, with all implants performed at 700 degreesC and annealed at 1600-1650 degreesC with an AlN protection cap. Different traps were observed for the various dopants, which are believed to be related to different impurity-defect complexes. A trap at similar toE(V)+0.51 eV was observed in nitrogen-implanted samples, while an acceptor trap at similar toE(V)+0.28 eV and a donor trap at similar toE(C)-0.42 eV were observed in Al-implanted samples. A prominent boron-related D-center trap at similar toE(V)+0.63 eV is seen in the DLTS spectra of B-implanted diodes. In diodes with implanted phosphorus, three traps at similar toE(V)+0.6 eV, E-V+0.7 eV, and E-V+0.92 eV, are seen, which are not observed for implantations of other species. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Motorola Inc, SPS, Digital DNA Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.1623631 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900012 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Schoen, PE AF Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Schoen, PE TI Polymer beads in microtubule-filled composites: Effects on length distributions and permittivities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; CARBON-BLACK; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); SELECTIVE LOCALIZATION; DOUBLE PERCOLATION; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; FIBER; MICROSTRUCTURES AB The effects of adding poly(methylmethacrylate) beads to tubule-filled composites were examined in terms of changes in tubule distribution and dielectric properties of the composites. The beads had an average diameter of 51+/-29 mum, whereas the copper-coated tubules, which were shaped like hollow cylinders and derived from a phospholipid template, had an average length of 30+/-22 mum and an average diameter of 1 mum. Incorporating a small amount of beads increased the permittivity value of the composite, but adding more beads resulted in a dramatic decrease in the permittivity value. In fact, a permittivity maximum appeared at around 5 vol % beads for various tubule loadings. The results could be explained in terms of volume exclusion and decreased tubule length effects. At low bead loadings, the volume exclusion effect dominated as the tubules were pushed closer together, resulting in a higher permittivity value. At higher bead loadings, the tubules were broken into shorter pieces and this became the dominant effect. Consequently, the shorter tubules formed fewer conducting pathways and the permittivity declined in value. In addition, the De Loor model for composites containing a dielectric matrix and conductors as fillers correctly predicted a permittivity maximum and provided the best fit to the permittivity data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1063/1.1629131 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 754QL UT WOS:000187341900027 ER PT J AU Ge, H Chuang, YYE Zhao, SP Tong, M Tsai, MH Temenak, JJ Richards, AL Ching, WM AF Ge, H Chuang, YYE Zhao, SP Tong, M Tsai, MH Temenak, JJ Richards, AL Ching, WM TI Comparative genomics of Rickettsia prowazekii Madrid E and Breinl strains SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL-DIVISION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; CYTOCHROME-C; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SPOTTED-FEVER; ATP SYNTHASE AB Rickeusia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus, has been responsible for millions of human deaths. Madrid E is an attenuated strain of R. prowazekii, while Breinl is a virulent strain. The genomic DNA sequence of Madrid E has recently been published. To study the genomic variations between Madrid E (reference) and Breinl (test) DNAs, cohybridization experiments were performed on a DNA microarray containing all 834 protein-coding genes of Madrid E. Of the 834 genes assessed, 24 genes showed 1.5- to 2.0-fold increases in hybridization signals in Breinl DNA compared to Madrid E DNA, indicating the presence of genomic variations in similar to3% of the total genes. Eighteen of these 24 genes are predicted to be involved in different functions. Southern blot analysis of five genes, virB4,ftsK, rfbE, lpx,4, and rpoH, suggested the presence of an additional paralog(s) in BreinI, which might be related to the observed increase in hybridization signals. Studies by real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed an increase in expression of the above-mentioned five genes and five other genes. In addition to the elevated hybridization signals of 24 genes observed in the Breinl strain, one gene (rp084) showed only 1/10 the hybridization signal of Madrid E. Further analysis of this gene by PCR and sequencing revealed a large deletion flanking the whole rp084 gene and part of the rp083 gene in the virulent Breinl strain. The results of this first rickettsial DNA microarray may provide some important information for the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms of R. prowazekii. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NCI, NIH, Radiat Oncol Sci Program, Microarray Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Food & Drug Adm, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chingw@nmrc.navy.mil NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 186 IS 2 BP 556 EP 565 DI 10.1128/JB.186.2.556-565.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 763GP UT WOS:000188066800032 PM 14702324 ER PT J AU Urbansky, E AF Urbansky, E TI Don't be tricked by your integrated rate plot - Reply SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Air Stn, Joint Oil Anal Program, Tech Support Ctr, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Urbansky, E (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Joint Oil Anal Program, Tech Support Ctr, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 754GU UT WOS:000187308400014 ER PT J AU Manolache, S Shamamian, V Denes, F AF Manolache, S Shamamian, V Denes, F TI Dense medium plasma-plasma-enhanced decontamination of water of aromatic compounds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE water treatment; pollutants; organic matters; inorganic chemicals ID GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; OXIDATION; PHENOL; DEGRADATION; GENERATION; DEPOSITION; REACTOR; OZONE AB Artificially contaminated water with aromatic compounds, including benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, was exposed to dense medium plasma (DMP) environments in the presence of oxygen. This original plasma technique allows the volume exposure of liquid media to nascent plasma species under atmospheric pressure conditions. Analytical data resulting from gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic evaluations of contaminated and plasma-exposed water, indicated that prior to any optimization the DNIP technology can reduce contamination levels of 600-1,000 ppm to ppb values in treatment times as low as 1 min. It is suggested that hydroperoxide molecules generated as a result of the interaction of plasma-activated oxygen and water molecules, might play an essential role through the interaction of nascent OH free radicals with the contaminant molecules in the decontamination process. The reaction products (hydrocarbons and oxidized derivatives) have a significantly lower concentration relative to the starting contaminants (at least two to three orders of magnitude lower concentrations). This original plasma technology opens up new highways for efficient decontamination of water both under batch-type and continuous-flow system modes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Plasmaaided Mfg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM manolach@engr.wisc.edu; shamamia@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; denes@engr.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:1(17) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 760AD UT WOS:000187787300004 ER PT J AU Dew, N Sarasvathy, SD Venkataraman, S AF Dew, N Sarasvathy, SD Venkataraman, S TI The economic implications of exaptation SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE exaptation; evolution; adaptation; entrepreneurship; Knightian uncertainty ID FIRM AB Accounts of economic change recognize that markets create selective pressures for the adaptation of technologies in the direction of customer needs and production efficiencies. However, non-adaptational bases for technological change are rarely highlighted, despite their pervasiveness in the history of technical and economic change. In this paper the concept of exaptation -a feature co-opted for its present role from some other origin - is proposed as a characteristic element of technological change, and an important mechanism by which new markets for products and services are created by entrepreneurs. Exaptation is a missing but central concept linking the evolution of technology with the entrepreneurial creation of new markets and the concept of Knightian uncertainty. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maryland, RH Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business Adm, Charlottesville, VA 22906 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ndew@nps.navy.mil NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0936-9937 J9 J EVOL ECON JI J. Evol. Econ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s00191-003-0180-x PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 767VU UT WOS:000188495200004 ER PT J AU Higgs, DM Plachta, DTT Rollo, AK Singheiser, M Hastings, MC Popper, AN AF Higgs, DM Plachta, DTT Rollo, AK Singheiser, M Hastings, MC Popper, AN TI Development of ultrasound detection in American shad (Alosa sapidissima) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultrasound detection; bullae; utricle; American shad; Alosa sapidissima ID ACOUSTICO-LATERALIS SYSTEM; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; STARTLE RESPONSE; HERRING LARVAE; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; TELEOST FISH; INNER-EAR; SWIMBLADDER; ONTOGENY; SPRAT AB It has recently been shown that a few fish species, including American shad (Alosa sapidissima; Clupeiformes), are able to detect sound up to 180 kHz, an ability not found in most other fishes. Initially, it was proposed that ultrasound detection in shad involves the auditory bullae, swim bladder extensions found in all members of the Clupeiformes. However, while all clupeiformes have bullae, not all can detect ultrasound. Thus, the bullae alone are not sufficient to explain ultrasound detection. In this study, we used a developmental approach to determine when ultrasound detection begins and how the ability to detect ultrasound changes with ontogeny in American shad. We then compared changes in auditory function with morphological development to identify structures that are potentially responsible for ultrasound detection. We found that the auditory bullae and all three auditory end organs are present well before fish show ultrasound detection behaviourally and we suggest that an additional specialization in the utricle (one of the auditory end organs) forms coincident with the onset of ultrasound detection. We further show that this utricular specialization is found in two clupeiform species that can detect ultrasound but not in two clupeiform species not capable of ultrasound detection. Thus, it appears that ultrasound-detecting clupeiformes have undergone structural modification of the utricle that allows detection of ultrasonic stimulation. C1 Univ Windsor, Dept Biol, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Biol 2, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Neurosci & Cognit Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Higgs, DM (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Biol, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM dhiggs@uwindsor.ca FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 03936, DC 00046, DC 04502] NR 57 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 16 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 207 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1242/jeb.00735 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 774XE UT WOS:000189011000025 PM 14638842 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Davis, BL McMorrow, D Pan, CY Peng, ZH AF Melinger, JS Davis, BL McMorrow, D Pan, CY Peng, ZH TI Photoluminescence properties of conjugated phenylacetylene monodendrons in thin films SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Methods and Applications of Fluorescence CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE dendrimers; photoluminescence; thin films; aggregates ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; INTERCHAIN INTERACTIONS; ANTENNA SUPERMOLECULES; DENDRIMERS; POLYMERS; AGGREGATION; RECOGNITION; MORPHOLOGY AB We report the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and time-dependent PL of thin films of conjugated phenylacetylene monodendrons at both room temperature and at cryogenic temperature. We find that the PL properties of the monodendron thin films are significantly different from their fluorescence in dilute solution due to the presence of interactions between monodendrons in the thin film. These interactions lead to aggregate species in the thin films, which result in broader PL spectra and lower PL quantum yields than for monodendrons in dilute solution. Evidence for excimer-like aggregates in the monodendron thin films is found from time-resolved PL spectra. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM melinger@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1023/B:JOFL.0000014668.05809.33 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 770TB UT WOS:000188746000017 PM 15622869 ER PT J AU Stout, PR Klette, KL Horn, CK AF Stout, PR Klette, KL Horn, CK TI Evaluation of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine concentrations in human urine samples and a comparison of the specificity of DRI (R) amphetamines and Abuscreen((R)) online (KIMS) amphetamines screening immunoassays SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Science CY FEB 17-22, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; ephedrine; forensic urine drug testing; immunoassay ID GC-MS; METHAMPHETAMINE; EXCRETION; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; SUPPLEMENTS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of two amphetamine class screening reagents to exclude ephedrine (EPH), pseudoephedrine (PSEPH), and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) from falsely producing positive immunoassay screening results. The study also sought to characterize the prevalence and concentration distributions of EPH, PSEPH, and PPA in samples that produced positive amphetamine screening results. Approximately 27,400 randomly collected human urine samples from Navy and Marine Corps members were simultaneously screened for amphetamines using the DRI(R) and Abuscree(R) online immunoassays at a cutoff concentration of 500 ng/mL. All samples that screened positive were confirmed for amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MTH), 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), EPH, PSEPH, and PPA by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GUMS). The DRI AMP immunoassay identified 1,104 presumptive amphetamine positive samples, of which only 1.99% confirmed positive for the presence of AMP, MTH, MDA, or MDMA. In contrast, the online AMP reagent identified 317 presumptive amphetamine positives with a confirmation rate for AMP, MTH, MDA, or MDMA of 7.94%. The presence of EPH PSEPH, or PPA was confirmed in 833 of the 1,104 samples that failed to confirm positive for AMP, MTH, MDA, or MDMA; all of the 833 samples contained PSEPH. When compared to the entire screened sample set, PSEPH was present in approximately 3%, EPH in 0.9%, and PPA in 0.8% of the samples. The results indicate that cross reactivities for EPH, PSEPH, and PPA are greater than reported by the manufacturer of these reagents. The distribution of concentrations indicates that very large concentrations of EPH, PSEPH, and PPA are common. C1 Aegis Sci Corp, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. USN, Drug Screening Lab, Great Lakes, IL USA. USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Stout, PR (reprint author), Aegis Sci Corp, 345 Hill Ave, Nashville, TN 37210 USA. EM pstout@aegislabs.com NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 762DV UT WOS:000187956500028 PM 14979364 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, OA Dobrokhodov, VN Kaminer, II Dellicker, SH AF Yakimenko, OA Dobrokhodov, VN Kaminer, II Dellicker, SH TI Synthesis of optimal control and flight testing of an autonomous circular parachute SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Development of guidance and control algorithms for autonomous solid circular parachutes is addressed. This effort is a part of the Affordable Guided Airdrop System that integrates a low-cost guidance and control system into fielded cargo air delivery systems. First, the underlying Affordable Guided Airdrop System concept, architecture, and components are described. Then a synthesis of a classical optimal control based on Pontrjagin's maximum principle is suggested. Then the development of a practical control algorithm is detailed. Simulation and flight-test results of the final Affordable Guided Airdrop System demonstration are also presented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Army Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oayakime@nps.navy.mil; vldobr@nps.navy.mil; kaminer@nps.navy.mil; Scott.Dellicker@yuma.army.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.2514/1.9282 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600002 ER PT J AU Klyde, DH Reinsberg, JG Sanders, E Kokolios, A AF Klyde, DH Reinsberg, JG Sanders, E Kokolios, A TI Flight-test evaluation of stability augmentation steering system for aircraft ground handling SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 11, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TEXAS AB A flight-test program was conducted to evaluate a newly developed stability augmentation steering system (SASS). Designed to improve the ground-handling characteristics of a U.S. Navy jet trainer, the SASS features a yaw-rate feedback that is used to set the heading attitude bandwidth as desired, while providing an essentially constant rudder pedal sensitivity variation with speed. Flight-test, efforts were conducted to assess performance of two SASS configurations against the baseline aircraft configuration. Three pilots evaluated the ability of the aircraft to perform a runway offset capture-and-hold maneuver, essentially a lane change task, with and without braking. The task with braking was found to be the better separator in terms of pilot ratings for the two SASS configurations when compared to the baseline aircraft. The flight-test program found that the SASS significantly improved the ground handling of the aircraft. C1 Syst Technol Inc, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Klyde, DH (reprint author), Syst Technol Inc, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.2514/1.3168 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600003 ER PT J AU Creamer, NG Gilbreath, GC Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Vasquez, JA Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG AF Creamer, NG Gilbreath, GC Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Vasquez, JA Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG TI Interspacecraft optical communication and navigation using modulating retroreflectors SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SPACE AB A novel concept is described for optical interrogation, communication, and navigation between pursuer and target spacecraft platforms. The technique uses a gimbaled laser source on the pursuer spacecraft and an array of eight solid-state, multiple quantum, well modulating retroreflectors on the target spacecraft. The sensor system provides high-bandwidth optical communication, centimeter-level relative positioning, and arc-minute-level relative orientation of the target platform with minimal sacrifice in target size, weight, and power. To accomplish the relative navigation, each target retroreflected signal is modulated with a unique code sequence, allowing for individual discrimination of the returned composite signal from a single photodetector on the pursuer platform. Experimental results using a dual-platform, multi-degree-of-freedom robotics testbed provide verification and demonstration of the concept, highlighting its potential for applications such as interspacecraft rendezvous and capture, long-baseline space interferometry, and formation flying. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jaycor Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Creamer, NG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8231,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.2514/1.9290 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600010 ER PT J AU Menon, PK Sweriduk, GD Ohlmeyer, EJ Malyevac, DS AF Menon, PK Sweriduk, GD Ohlmeyer, EJ Malyevac, DS TI Integrated guidance and control of moving-mass actuated kinetic warheads SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Modeling, simulation, and integrated guidance control of a kinetic warhead utilizing moving-mass actuators are discussed. Moving masses can be used in any speed range both in the atmosphere as well as outside it, as long as there is a force, either aerodynamic or propulsive, acting on the vehicle. The moving-mass actuation technique offers significant advantages over conventional aerodynamic control surfaces and reaction-control systems because the actuators are contained entirely within the airframe geometric envelope and produce no plumes. The present research develops a nine-degree-of-freedom simulation model of a kinetic warhead with three moving-mass actuators. This simulation model is used for actuator sizing and in the development of flight-control systems. A software package for performing numerical feedback linearization is employed for the design of nonlinear flight control systems. Interception of nonmaneuvering and weaving targets in both endoatmospheric and exoatmospheric conditions is demonstrated. C1 Optimal Synth Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Missile Syst Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Menon, PK (reprint author), Optimal Synth Inc, 858 San Antonio Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.2514/1.9336 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 765BE UT WOS:000188246600012 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Shriver-Lake, LC Francesconi, SC Churilla, AM Rangasammy, JG Patterson, CH Deschamps, JR Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, PT Shriver-Lake, LC Francesconi, SC Churilla, AM Rangasammy, JG Patterson, CH Deschamps, JR Kusterbeck, AW TI Characterization and performance evaluation of in vivo and in vitro produced monoclonal anti-TNT antibodies for the detection of TNT SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE immunosensor; antibody; TNT; fluorescence; microcapillary; explosives ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPLOSIVES; TRINITROTOLUENE; GROUNDWATER; KINETICS; WATER AB In this paper are the experimental results used to characterize four distinct monoclonal anti-TNT antibodies (in vivo and in vitro cloned) for potential use in a field-portable immunosensor. Direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to determine their affinity for TNT and a fluorescently labeled analog of TNT for use in an immunosensor. Effective concentrations (EC50), inhibition concentration (IC50) and cross-reactivity measurements to related nitroaromatics (e.g., 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene [TNB], methyl-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl nitramine [tetryl], 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene [2A-4,6-DNT], 2,4-dinitrotoluene [2,4-DNT] and 1,3-dinitrotoluene [1,3-DNT]) were measured. Final characterization of the monoclonal antibodies was based on performance (measured by fluorescence dose response) using a fluorescence-based microcapillary displacement assay. Analytical techniques showed a high degree of affinity for TNT and varying degrees of cross-reactivity with each respective monoclonal antibody. Microcapillary displacement immunoassays with each of the antibodies resulted in detection capabilities at the lowest applied TNT concentration (10 ng/ml). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Environm Qual Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ptc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN PY 2004 VL 284 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2003.09.010 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 768YJ UT WOS:000188598400003 PM 14736413 ER PT J AU Brand, ES Ensign, W Roberts, D Hiscock, N Hudig, D Castell, L AF Brand, ES Ensign, W Roberts, D Hiscock, N Hudig, D Castell, L TI Cellular nutrition and immunodepression during prolonged, exhaustive exercise at altitude. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 28-31, 2004 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Federat Med Res C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP S167 EP S168 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 765ER UT WOS:000188254600527 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Dutta, I Chen, M AF Peterson, KA Dutta, I Chen, M TI Processing and characterization of diffusion-bonded AI-Si interfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diffusion bonding; aluminum; silicon; interface; characterization ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; RECRYSTALLIZATION; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; CREEP; FILMS; AL AB Aluminum/silicon/aluminum sandwich specimens were produced via diffusion bonding in high vacuum at 843 K for 1 h with an applied pressure of 1.5 MPa in a uni-axial die. Details of process conditions and surface preparation of Si and Al for optimal bonding are discussed and rationalized. Following diffusion bonding, the morphology, texture, and chemistry of the interfacial region were examined using optical, scanning electron microscopy, orientation imaging microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the aluminum immediately adjacent to the interface underwent intense plastic deformation and recrystallization, helping to break up the native oxide layer. TEM revealed the presence of a thin O-rich amorphous layer at the interface. The interface between the Si and the amorphous layer was sharp, whereas, on the Al side, the amorphous region gradually transitioned to crystalline Al. The amorphous layer is thought to arise as a result of the native oxide layer that exists on Al prior to diffusion bonding. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 145 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00877-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 773ZQ UT WOS:000188955600013 ER PT J AU Cheng, YT Page, T Pharr, GM Swain, MV Wahl, KJ AF Cheng, YT Page, T Pharr, GM Swain, MV Wahl, KJ TI Fundamentals and applications of instrumented indentation in multidisciplinary research - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 GM Corp, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Sydney, Biomat Sci Res Unit, Dept Mech & Mechatron Engn, Eveleigh, NSW 1430, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheng, YT (reprint author), GM Corp, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RI Cheng, Yang-Tse/B-5424-2012 NR 0 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DH UT WOS:000222316100001 ER PT J AU Cochran, KR Fan, L DeVoe, CL AF Cochran, KR Fan, L DeVoe, CL TI Moving reflector type micro optical switch for high-power transfer in a MEMS-based safety and arming system SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SILICON AB Development of a moving reflector type micro optical switch fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DREE) in silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates is presented. The device discussed is a key component in a MEMS-based safety and arming (S&A) system for use in underwater weapons. In this switch, an etched vertical sidewall reflector is electrostatically actuated in and out of the optical path between input and output optical fibers. Fabrication is performed on 100 mum thick silicon substrates with fiber alignment channels, reflectors and, actuators being fabricated at the same time with a single etch step. A single pair of multimode fibers is used to transmit optical power of the order of 1000 mW at a working wavelength of 810 run. Sources of optical loss in the system are identified and their value calculated in order to predict the overall system optical efficiency. The optical efficiency of the switch,has been found to have an average value of 55% with the etched vertical sidewall mirror having an average reflectivity of 62.8%. Switching time is 10 ms from the off to the on state with a maximum operational frequency of 66 Hz. Isolation between the on and off states is 32 dB. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Cochran, KR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cockrankr@ih.navy.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 AR PII S0960-1317(04)64721-8 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/14/1/019 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 771PZ UT WOS:000188796400019 ER PT J AU Hattendorf, JB AF Hattendorf, JB TI For god and glory: Lord Nelson and his way of war. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Hattendorf, JB (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.1353/jmh.2003.0382 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 761VX UT WOS:000187937100019 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME Gates, WR AF Nissen, ME Gates, WR TI Experimental analysis of e-employment market designs SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMPUTING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LA English DT Article DE electronic commerce; game theory; intelligent agents; labor markets; multiagent systems; two-sided matching algorithms; Web-based markets AB The majority of electronic (e) commerce research addresses markets and processes associated with the sale of products and services. However, in comparison with research addressing product and service markets, an important area of e-commerce has been relatively neglected: employment markets. In this article, we integrate the key economic and technological elements required to design robust electronic employment markets, and we present empirical results from a pilot experiment comparing performance for a human-based job assignment process to alternative market designs and technologies. In particular, we examined the performance of people equipped with varying levels of technological support ranging from no support through use of a decision support system to total automation of the tasks. The results provide insight into the relative capabilities of people and machines in this domain, and they provide guidance for electronic-employment market design. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd,Code GBPP,NI, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM MNissen@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1091-9392 J9 J ORG COMP ELECT COM JI J. Organ. Comp. Electron. Commer. PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 195 EP 222 DI 10.1207/s15327744joce1403_03 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 850PO UT WOS:000223625100003 ER PT J AU Sarkissian, A AF Sarkissian, A TI Surface fields on nonseparable geometries SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELL AB The field on the surface of a structure having nonseparable geometry may be expanded in a set of eigenfunctions suitable for that particular geometry. The eigenfunctions are computed numerically using the boundary elements method to compute a matrix that relates the field on the surface of the structure to its normal derivative at vanishing frequency and diagonalizing the matrix. The field on the surface of a finite cylinder with hemisphical end-caps is expanded in such a set of eigenfunctions for both a simple cylinder and a cylinder containing frames. Results for the framed cylinder is compared to Fourier decomposition of the field on the cylindrical portion of the structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM angie@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1121/1.1632483 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 765CJ UT WOS:000188249300021 PM 14759011 ER PT J AU Bucaro, JA Romano, AJ Abraham, P Dey, S AF Bucaro, JA Romano, AJ Abraham, P Dey, S TI Detection and localization of inclusions in plates using inversion of point actuated surface displacements SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A numerical simulation is carried out demonstrating the use of plate surface vibration measurements for detecting and locating inclusions within the structure. A finite element code is used to calculate normal surface displacement for both steel and mortar plates subjected to a monochromatic point force. The data is generated for the homogeneous plate and the identical plate within which exists a small rectangular inclusion. It is observed that when the elastic modulus of the inclusion is orders of magnitude lower than the base material, resonances of the inclusion produce large local displacements that are readily observed in the raw displacement data. For more modest moduli differences, there are no such directly observable effects. In this case, three inverse algorithms are used to process the displacement data. The first two are local inversion techniques that each yield a spatial map of the elastic modulus normalized by density. These algorithms successfully detect and localize the inclusion based on its modulus difference from that of the base plate. The third technique uses a form of the inhomogeneous equation of motion to obtain the induced force distribution connected with the inclusion. The spatial mapping of this force also successfully detects and localizes the inclusion. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.bucaro@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1121/1.1631936 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 765CJ UT WOS:000188249300022 PM 14759012 ER PT J AU Carin, L Liu, HW Yoder, T Couchman, L Houston, B Bucaro, J AF Carin, L Liu, HW Yoder, T Couchman, L Houston, B Bucaro, J TI Wideband time-reversal imaging of an elastic target in an acoustic waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POSTERIORI PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; GEOACOUSTIC INVERSION; SHALLOW-WATER; CLASSIFICATION; EXTRACTION; OCEAN; MIRROR AB Time-reversal is addressed for imaging elastic targets situated in an acoustic waveguide. It is assumed that the target-sensor range is large relative to the channel depth. We investigate the theory of wideband time-reversal imaging of an extended elastic target, for which the target dimensions are large relative to the principal wavelengths. When performing time-reversal imaging one requires a forward model for propagation through the channel, and the quality of the resulting image may be used as a measure of the match between the modeled and actual (measured) channel parameters. It is demonstrated that the channel parameters associated with a given measurement may be determined via a genetic-algorithm (GA) search in parameter space, employing a cost function based on the time-reversal image quality. Example GA channel-parameter-inversion results and imagery are presented for measured at-sea data. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lcarin@ee.duke.edu RI L, Hw/G-9265-2012 OI L, Hw/0000-0003-4247-9454 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 1 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1121/1.1632482 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 765CJ UT WOS:000188249300029 PM 14759019 ER PT J AU Kelly, KE Wagner, DA Lighty, JS Sarofim, AF Bretecher, B Holden, B Helgeson, N Sahay, K Nardi, Z AF Kelly, KE Wagner, DA Lighty, JS Sarofim, AF Bretecher, B Holden, B Helgeson, N Sahay, K Nardi, Z TI Evaluation of catalyzed and electrically heated filters for removal of particulate emissions from diesel-A- and JP-8-fueled engines SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION AEROSOLS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AIR-POLLUTION; SPECTROMETER; INSTRUMENTS; PARTICLES; DILUTION; EXHAUST; HEALTH; SIZE AB In-service diesel engines are a significant source of particulate matter (PM) emissions, and they have been subjected to increasingly strict emissions standards. Consequently, the wide-scale use of some type of particulate filter is expected. This study evaluated the effect of an Engelhard catalyzed soot filter (CSF) and,a Rypos electrically heated soot filter on the emissions from in-service diesel engines in terms of PM mass, black carbon concentration, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration, and size distribution. Both filters capture PM. The CSF relies on the engine's exhaust to reach the catalyst regeneration temperature and oxidize soot, whereas the electrically heated filter contains a heating element to oxidize soot. The filters were installed on several military diesel engines. Particle concentrations and compositions were measured before and after installation of the filter and again after several months of operation. Generally, the CSF removed at least 90% of total PM, and the removal efficiency. improved or remained constant after several months of operation. In contrast, the electrical filters removed 44-69% of PM mass. In addition to evaluating the soot filters, the sampling team also compared the results of several real-time particle measurement instruments to traditional filter measurements of total mass. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Cummins Inc, Columbus, IN USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. Calif Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA USA. Rypos Corp, Medway, MA USA. RP Kelly, KE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM kelly@eng.utah.edu OI Kelly, Kerry/0000-0002-2232-3092 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 762DK UT WOS:000187955500008 PM 14871016 ER PT J AU Jain, P Pershing, A AF Jain, P Pershing, A TI Light-curing times - Authors' response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Restorat Dent, Sch Dent Med, Alton, IL 62002 USA. USN, Adv Educ Gen Dent Program, Parris Isl, SC USA. RP Jain, P (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Restorat Dent, Sch Dent Med, Alton, IL 62002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 767WH UT WOS:000188496500003 ER PT J AU Bouwman, PJ Dmowski, W Stanley, J Cotten, GB Swider-Lyons, KE AF Bouwman, PJ Dmowski, W Stanley, J Cotten, GB Swider-Lyons, KE TI Platinum-iron phosphate electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in PEMFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; OXIDE FORMATION; DISK ELECTRODE; O-2 REDUCTION; CO OXIDATION; HIGH-AREA; PERFORMANCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) depend on platinum at the cathode to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and maintain high performance. This report shows that the electrocatalytic activity of Pt is enhanced when it is dispersed in a matrix of hydrous iron phosphate (FePO). The Pt-FePO has 2 nm micropores with Pt dispersed as ions in Pt2+ and Pt4+ oxidation states. Increased ORR performance is demonstrated for the Pt-FePO + Vulcan carbon (VC) materials compared to a standard 20 wt % Pt-VC catalyst on rotating disk electrodes with Pt-loadings of 0.1 mg(Pt) cm(-2). The improvement in the ORR is attributed to the adsorption/storage of oxygen on the FePO, presumably as iron-hydroperoxides. The ORR activity of the Pt-FePO in air is close to that in oxygen at low current density, and therefore this catalyst has a distinctly unique behavior from Pt-VC. Contrary to Pt-VC, the Pt-FePO catalyst shows activity towards hydrogen and CO oxidation, but does not exhibit their characteristic adsorption peaks, suggesting that Pt ions in the iron phosphate structure are less sensitive to poisoning than metallic Pt. The results present opportunities for new low-Pt catalysts that extend beyond the current capabilities of Pt-VC. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 12 BP A1989 EP A1998 DI 10.1149/1.1808591 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 870OY UT WOS:000225068500001 ER PT J AU Esser, RH Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Esser, RH Hobart, KD Kub, FJ TI Direct wafer bonded abrupt junction tunnel diodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION AB Abrupt junction tunnel diodes have been fabricated using hydrophobic direct wafer bonding to join together highly n- and p-type doped wafers. Low reverse resistance backward diodes were achieved. The reverse bias behavior of the diodes is purely ohmic with a total reverse resistance of 0.0015 Omega cm(2), which produces a reverse voltage of 150 mV at 100 A/cm(2). Although Esaki tunneling is observed under forward bias, there is no observed negative differential resistance due to high excess current. The current work is the first step in creating low-loss stacked diode structures for high blocking voltage electric power applications. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hobart@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 6 BP G387 EP G390 DI 10.1149/1.1731558 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 821CL UT WOS:000221437300060 ER PT J AU Long, DP Dulcey, CS AF Long, DP Dulcey, CS TI Channel constrained metallization of aluminum nitride for the fabrication of electronic packages with efficient thermal management SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-DEPOSITION; COPPER; POWDER; FILMS AB The densification of electronic packages has demanded better solutions to the thermal management problem created by these advancements. The use of substrate materials with high thermal conductivity is a cost-effective approach to increased heat dissipation. In this paper, a method is described for the fabrication of interconnect structures on aluminum nitride using a fully additive channel-constrained electroless metallization process. Chemical functionalization of the AlN substrates, optimization of the photolithographic technique, and the selective metallization of interconnects are issues addressed. AlN surface functionality was found to be critical in controlling the binding efficiency of the Pd(II) plating catalyst and contact with the aqueous plating solutions. Rapid hydrolysis of the AlN surface was used to facilitate functionalization with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and provide a modified surface for subsequent selective catalysis and metallization and followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Lithographic processes were optimized and found to require exposure dosage 30% lower than on substrates of alumina. Interconnect structures composed of nickel and copper (100 nm-2 mum thick, 10-100 mum in diameter) with good adhesion to the AlN (1 mm thickness) have been shown with the use of thermal measurements to outperform similar circuit patterns fabricated on chemical vapor deposited diamond 300 mm thick. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM csd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2004 VL 151 IS 11 BP G772 EP G782 DI 10.1149/1.1803833 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 868QK UT WOS:000224927900066 ER PT J AU Meier, SR Joseph, RI Antiochos, SK AF Meier, SR Joseph, RI Antiochos, SK TI Radiation characteristics of a high-emissivity cylindrical-spherical cavity with obscuration SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ABSORBING BLACK APPLIQUES AB We have calculated, to first order, the apparent emissivity of the bounding diffuse surfaces of a high-emissivity cylindrical-spherical cavity enclosure. Our calculations indicate that to achieve emissivities close to a perfectly absorbing blackbody cavity along the bounding surfaces of the spherical enclosure, the radius of the sphere must be equal to or greater than a factor of 4 times the cylinder radius R-s greater than or equal to 4R(c). Furthermore, to achieve emissivities approaching a blackbody cavity along the lower bounding surfaces of the cylindrical enclosure, the length of the cylinder must be a factor of 4 times greater than the radius of the cylinder greater than or equal to 4R(c). In addition, we present the mathematical framework necessary to calculate radiant transfer within a cavity enclosure that contains obscuration. These results can be applied to the design of high-emissivity blackbody calibration cavities and to the reduction of stray light in terrestrial and spaceborne optical systems. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America C1 Natl Imagery & Mapping Agcy, Innovis Directorate, Reston, VA 20191 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, SR (reprint author), Natl Imagery & Mapping Agcy, Innovis Directorate, Mail Stop DN-11, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000104 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 761BW UT WOS:000187880400011 PM 14725402 ER PT J AU Mace, NA AF Mace, NA TI Charles Rennett and the London music-sellers in the 1780s: Testing the ownership of reversionary copyrights (Music as intellectual property) SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL MUSICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB As printed music became a valuable market commodity in late eighteenth-century England, it became a significant part of debates over the interpretation of the first copyright law (1710). In particular, compositions by Charles Dibdin and John Garth became the focus of several lawsuits filed by the attorney Charles Rennett challenging the traditional interpretation of the clause that granted composers a second 14 years of protection after the first had expired. These suits detail the status of music as intellectual property and offer new information about the businesses of major music-sellers like Longman & Broderip, the Thompsons and John Welcker. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mace, NA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mace@usna.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-0403 J9 J ROY MUSIC ASSN JI J. Roy. Music. Assoc. PY 2004 VL 129 BP 11 EP 23 PN 1 PG 13 WC Music SC Music GA 819IN UT WOS:000221308700001 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Cho, WM AF Kwon, YW Cho, WM TI Multilevel, micromechanical model for thermal analysis of woven-fabric composite materials SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article DE coefficient of thermal expansion; composite material; multiscale analysis; thermal stress; woven fabric ID ELASTIC BEHAVIOR AB A multilevel and multiscale approach was presented for woven-fabric composites, especially for plain-weave composites, to compute effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) as well as thermal stresses at the fiber and matrix level. The approach consisted of three modules: fiber-strand, strand-fabric, and lamination modules. The present study developed the strand-fabric module for thermal analysis because other modules had already been developed previously. In addition, detailed finite-element analysis was conducted for plain-weave woven fabric composites. The finite-element models contained discrete representative fibers. Then the analytical results were compared to the finite-element analysis results for both CTEs and microthermal stresses. Two different composite materials (glass/epoxy and boron/epoxy) and different fiber volume fractions were considered in the study. Generally, the analytical results compared very well with the finite-element analysis results, which used more than 100,000 three-dimensional brick elements. Thermal stresses were computed at the fiber and matrix level; those stresses affect damage and failure of composites. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD JAN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1080/01495730490255718 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 749QG UT WOS:000186931000003 ER PT J AU Powell, CR Simsiman, AJ Menefee, SA AF Powell, CR Simsiman, AJ Menefee, SA TI Anterior vaginal wall hammock with fascia lata for the correction of stage 2 or greater anterior vaginal compartment relaxation SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE vagina; transplants; prolapse; bladder; fascia lata ID PELVIC SUPPORT DEFECTS; PARAVAGINAL REPAIR; PROLAPSE; MANAGEMENT; SLINGS AB Purpose: We determined the efficacy of the anterior vaginal wall hammock (AVWH) using fascia lata for the correction of anterior vaginal compartment relaxation. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 patients with stage 2 or greater anterior vaginal compartment relaxation underwent an AVWH procedure with autologous or allograft fascia lata from June 1998 to March 2001. Patients were evaluated preoperatively with a history and pelvic organ prolapse quantitative examination. Postoperatively patients were evaluated at 6 weeks, 6 months and yearly thereafter with pelvic organ prolapse quantitative staging of the anterior, middle and posterior compartments. Objective cure was defined as stage 0 or 1 relaxation. Subjective cure was defined as no symptoms of pelvic pressure or a vaginal bulge. Results: Of the 69 (89%) patients who underwent surgery 58 were available for followup. Median age of the population was 61.9 years and median followup was 24.7 months (range 12 to 57). There were 11 objective failures (19%) in the anterior compartment, of which 1 (2%) was symptomatic. Two patients (4%) had enteroceles that required surgical correction. Of the patients 16 (28%) had new onset or worsening stage 2 posterior relaxation at a median of 15.2 months postoperatively, including 7 (12%) who were symptomatic and underwent subsequent repair. Conclusion: The AVWH procedure with fascia lata is safe and effective for correcting stage 2 or greater anterior compartment relaxation. The whole pelvic floor must be evaluated and repaired to minimize the progression of prolapse of the middle and posterior compartments. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. RP Powell, CR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 264 EP 267 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000100260.36697.91 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 755EM UT WOS:000187390800065 PM 14665890 ER PT J AU Crain, DS Roberts, JL Amling, CL AF Crain, DS Roberts, JL Amling, CL TI Practice patterns in vasectomy reversal surgery: Results of a questionnaire study among practicing urologists SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; vasectomy; questionnaires; physician's practice patterns; vasovasostomy ID MICROSURGICAL VASOVASOSTOMY; SMOKING AB Purpose: Although vasectomy reversal surgery is a common procedure for male factor infertility, little is written on the common practice patterns of the practicing urologist. We designed a questionnaire to assess the practice patterns of community and academic urologists with respect to surgical technique, followup care, patient selection and the definition of success. Materials and Methods: A 20-question survey pertaining to vasectomy reversal surgery was mailed to members of the Western Section, American Urological Association and to members of the Society of Government Service Urologists. Survey results were tabulated in a computer data base and statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 1,508 questionnaires were mailed and 622 completed questionnaires were returned. Of the respondents 367 (59%) indicated that they perform vasectomy reversals, including 29 (8%) who were fellowship trained in infertility, 86 (23%) who were affiliated with residency training and 252 (69%) who practiced in a community setting. As expected, on average fellowship trained urologists performed more reversals yearly than academic or community urologists (26.4, 12.2 and 7, respectively). Patient selection criteria varied. Of fellowship trained urologists 12.5% would elect not to operate if it were greater than 15 years since vasectomy compared with 41.9% for academic and 57.1% of community urologists. Just more than half (50.2%) of respondents indicated they did not recommend routine gynecologic evaluation of the patient partner. When comparing fellowship, academic and community practitioners, an operating microscope was used in 93%, 65% and 56% of procedures (p <0.001), and vasal fluid was examined in 83%, 75% and 67%, respectively. Fellowship trained urologists also used finer suture material (p <0.001). An average of 8 anastomotic sutures were placed in 2 layers but significant differences existed between fellowship trained urologists, and their academic and community counterparts. Most urologists (71%) defined their success by the presence of sperm in the ejaculate. Only 10.9% of urologists recommended sperm cryopreservation at surgery and 90% recommended postoperative sexual abstinence (average 3 weeks). All urologists recommended postoperative semen analysis done at an average of 3 months. Conclusions: The practice of vasectomy reversal varies among urologists. Differences in surgical technique, postoperative care and selection criteria exist. Knowledge of these variations may assist practicing urologists to tailor their practice patterns in the selection for and performance of vasectomy reversal. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crain, DS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 171 IS 1 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000100801.40282.b0 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 755EM UT WOS:000187390800078 PM 14665903 ER PT J AU Shao, L Thompson, PE van der Heide, PAW Patel, S Chen, QY Wang, XM Chen, H Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Shao, L Thompson, PE van der Heide, PAW Patel, S Chen, QY Wang, XM Chen, H Liu, JR Chu, WK TI Ultrashallow junction formation by point defect engineering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on the Fabrication, Characterization and Modeling of Ultra-Shallow Doping Profiles in Semiconductors CY APR 26-MAY 01, 2003 CL Santa Curz, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Accurel Syst Int, ATOMIKA Instruments GmbH, Cameca, Digital Instruments, Evans Analyt Grp, Phys Elect ID BORIDE-ENHANCED DIFFUSION; ENERGY ION-IMPLANTATION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; BORON-DIFFUSION; SILICON; SI; STABILITY; REDUCTION; CLUSTERS; AMORPHIZATION AB We demonstrated that formation of sub-10 nm junctions can be realized by the technique of point defect engineering (PDE). The approach was based on the fact that high-energy ion bombardment with silicon can spatially separate the distribution of interstitials and vacancies, with a vacancy-rich region formed near the surface region. Effects of PDE on the boride-enhanced diffusion (BED) were systematically investigated by using boron superlatfices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. We observed that a high-energy implant provides an effective method to suppress BED. Furthermore, PDE can also (1) increase the stability of highly doped junction, (2) retard boron diffusion to a rate much less than normal diffusion, (3) sharpen the dopant profile, and (4) enhance boron activation. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, MRSEC, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Mat Analyt Sci, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM lshao2@mail.uh.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1116/1.1621887 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 808MS UT WOS:000220573800058 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, TH TI Stokes correction for nonlinearity of wave crests in heavy seas SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HEIGHTS AB The application of Stokes fifth-order wave theory to random deep-water waves is considered in connection with nonlinearity in crest amplitudes. The theory is shown to apply, on average, to crest amplitudes and wave heights, although differences exist for individual waves as a result of variation in wave frequency. Corrections to the Rayleigh law and associated predictions of fractions of waves exceeding crest threshold levels are shown to be in close agreement with measurements for heavy seas when the significant wave height and average wave period are specified accurately. C1 USN Acad, Ocean & Gen Engn Programs, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Ocean & Gen Engn Programs, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 130 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950-X(2004)130:1(39) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 761XQ UT WOS:000187941100004 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Wu, P Lu, Q Ramsey, JD Bromund, RH AF Collins, GE Wu, P Lu, Q Ramsey, JD Bromund, RH TI Compact, high voltage power supply for the lab-on-a-chip SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICROCHIP CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES AB The design, construction and operation of a simple, inexpensive and compact high voltage power supply (HVPS) for use in conjunction with a simple cross capillary electrophoresis microchip is presented. The microchip HVPS utilizes a single high voltage power supply (15 kV), a voltage-divider network, to give the voltages necessary to operate a gated injection valve, and two high voltage relays for switching between the open and closed gate sequences of the injection. In order to accommodate the application of different simple cross microchip dimensions, a set of equations for defining the resistor network and ensuring proper gate performance are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Coll Wooster, Dept Chem, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1039/b314349j PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 839VY UT WOS:000222814200025 PM 15269813 ER PT J AU Howell, PB Mott, DR Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Howell, PB Mott, DR Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI Design and evaluation of a Dean vortex-based micromixer SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ASPECT RATIO; CURVED PIPE; FLOW; FLUID; DUCTS; MIXER AB A mixer, based on the Dean vortex, is fabricated and tested in an on-chip format. When fluid is directed around a curve under pressure driven flow, the high velocity streams in the center of the channel experience a greater centripetal force and so are deflected outward. This creates a pair of counter-rotating vortices moving fluid toward the inner wall at the top and bottom of the channel and toward the outer wall in the center. For the geometries studied, the vortices were first seen at Reynolds numbers between 1 and 10 and became stronger as the flow velocity is increased. Vortex formation was monitored in channels with depth/width ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The lowest aspect ratio strongly suppressed vortex formation. Increasing the aspect ratio above 1 appeared to provide improved mixing. This design has the advantages of easy fabrication and low surface area. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howell, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 20 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 663 EP 669 DI 10.1039/b407170k PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 874XB UT WOS:000225382800023 PM 15570382 ER PT S AU Elliott, WR Rentmeister-Bryant, H Barsalou, N Beer, J Zwick, H AF Elliott, WR Rentmeister-Bryant, H Barsalou, N Beer, J Zwick, H BE Jacques, SL Roach, WP TI N-Acetylcysteine and acute retinal laser lesion in the Colubrid snake eye SO LASER INTERACTION WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Interaction with Tissue and Cells XV CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res AB This study examined the role of oxidative stress and the effect of a single dose treatment with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on the temporal development of acute laser-induced retinal injury. We used the snake eye/Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO) model, an in vivo, non-invasive ocular imaging technique, which has the ability to image cellular retinal detail and allows for studying morphological changes of retinal injury over time. For this study 12 corn-snakes (Elaphe g. guttata) received 5 laser exposures per eye, followed by either a single dose of the antioxidant NAC (150 mg/kg, IP in sterile saline) or placebo. Laser exposures were made with a Nd: VO4 DPSS, 532 nm laser, coaxially aligned to the SLO. Shuttered pulses were 20 msec x 50 mW; 1 mJ each. Retinal images were taken using a Rodenstock cSLO and were digitally recorded at 1, 6, 24-hrs, and at 3-wks post-exposure. Lesions were assessed by two raters blind to the conditions of the study yielding measures of damaged area and counts of missing or damaged photoreceptors. Treated eyes showed a significant beneficial effect overall, and these results suggest that oxidative stress plays a role in laser-induced retinal injury. The use of NAC or a similar antioxidant shows promise as a therapeutic tool. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Elliott, WR (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5227-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5319 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1117/12.530362 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BAO13 UT WOS:000223056000035 ER PT J AU Atkins, GP AF Atkins, GP TI Assessing inter-American relations SO LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Atkins, GP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TEXAS PRESS PI AUSTIN PA BOX 7819, AUSTIN, TX 78713-7819 USA SN 0023-8791 J9 LAT AM RES REV JI Lat. Am. Res. Rev. PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1353/lar.2004.0003 PG 18 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 773XJ UT WOS:000188950600009 ER PT S AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, SJ BE Seckbach, J ChelaFlores, J Owen, T Raulin, F TI The new universe, destiny of life, and the cultural implications SO LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE: FROM THE MILLER EXPERIMENT TO THE SEARCH FOR LIFE ON OTHER WORLDS SE Cellular Origin Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Trieste Conference on Chemical Evolution and the Origin of Life CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Trieste, ITALY SP Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, CNR, NASA Inst Astrobiol, European Space Agcy, NASA Washington, Univ Paris, Osservat Astron, Lab Immaginar Sci ID CIVILIZATIONS AB Cosmic evolution embraces at least three vastly different possibilities for the destiny of life in the universe. The ultimate product of cosmic evolution may be only planets, stars and galaxies-a "physical universe" in which life is extremely rare. By contrast cosmic evolution, through biological evolution, may commonly result in life, mind and intelligence, an outcome that I term the "biological universe." Taking a long-term view not often discussed, cultural evolution may have already produced artificial intelligence, constituting a "postbiological universe." Astronomical, biological and cultural evolution are the three components of the Drake Equation, and each component must be taken seriously. Each of the three possible outcomes of cosmic evolution results in a different destiny for life. But the destiny of life is not predictable; where intelligence is involved, the philosophical problem of free will must also play a role. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-661X BN 1-4020-2371-5 J9 CELL ORIG LIFE EXTRE JI Cell. Orig. Life Extrem. Habitats Astrobiol. PY 2004 VL 7 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BCS08 UT WOS:000230988300066 ER PT S AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL AF Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL BE Zissis, G TI A nonlocal Boltzmann/radiation transport model for low pressure Hg-Ar discharges SO LIGHT SOURCES 2004 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources CY JUL 18-22, 2004 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP European COST 529 Network, GE, Philips, Heraeus, Osram, SLi, Welch Allyn ID DENSITY; COLUMN C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM petrov@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-1007-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 182 BP 197 EP 198 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BAU82 UT WOS:000223655300042 ER PT S AU Petrov, GM Dimova, E Zhechev, D AF Petrov, GM Dimova, E Zhechev, D BE Zissis, G TI Electron energy distribution function in rare gas micro hollow cathode discharges SO LIGHT SOURCES 2004 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources CY JUL 18-22, 2004 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP European COST 529 Network, GE, Philips, Heraeus, Osram, SLi, Welch Allyn C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spectron@issp.bas.bg RI Dimova, Emiliya/D-1110-2010 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-1007-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 182 BP 233 EP 233 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BAU82 UT WOS:000223655300060 ER PT S AU Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM AF Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM BE Zissis, G TI Emission and kinetics of a moly-oxide-argon discharge bulb SO LIGHT SOURCES 2004 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources CY JUL 18-22, 2004 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP European COST 529 Network, GE, Philips, Heraeus, Osram, SLi, Welch Allyn C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM petrov@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-1007-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 182 BP 263 EP 264 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BAU82 UT WOS:000223655300075 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Pentony, JM Lindsay, GA AF Guenthner, AJ Pentony, JM Lindsay, GA BE Norwood, RA Eich, M Kuzyk, MG TI Rapid techniques for the characterization of polymer materials for optical waveguides SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials IV CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optical loss; electrical resistivity; spectroscopy; polymer; polyimide ID FILMS AB Techniques for the rapid evaluation of material properties of interest in the design of polymer integrated optical devices that have recently been developed in our laboratory are described. These include methods for determining optical loss and electrical resistivity. The use of the techniques is demonstrated with polyimide materials as an example. The level of precision that is reasonably attained from each technique is discussed, along with the relative merits of these OF techniques compared to other potential approaches to obtaining similar information. C1 USN, Air Warefare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warefare Ctr, Weap Div, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5455-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5517 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.564254 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BBG48 UT WOS:000225435700019 ER PT B AU Weir, GE AF Weir, GE BE Rozadowski, HM VanKeuren, DK TI Fashioning naval oceanography - Columbus O'Donnell Iselin and American preparation for war, 1940-1941 SO MACHINE IN NEPTUNE'S GARDEN: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TECHNOLOGY AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Maury Workshop CY JUN 20-23, 2001 CL Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Fac Monterey, Monterey, CA SP Off Naval Res, Melbourne Briscoe, Marcia & McNutt Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst HO Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Fac Monterey C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Contemporary Hist Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS/ USA PI SAGAMORE BEACH PA C/O WATSON PUBLISHING INTL, BOX 1248, SAGAMORE BEACH, MA 02562-1248 USA BN 0-88135-372-8 PY 2004 BP 65 EP 91 PG 27 WC Engineering, Ocean; History & Philosophy Of Science; Oceanography SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science; Oceanography GA BAL79 UT WOS:000222736700004 ER PT B AU Van Keuren, DK AF Van Keuren, DK BE Rozadowski, HM VanKeuren, DK TI Breaking new ground - The origins of scientific ocean drilling SO MACHINE IN NEPTUNE'S GARDEN: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TECHNOLOGY AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Maury Workshop CY JUN 20-23, 2001 CL Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Fac Monterey, Monterey, CA SP Off Naval Res, Melbourne Briscoe, Marcia & McNutt Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst HO Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Fac Monterey C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS/ USA PI SAGAMORE BEACH PA C/O WATSON PUBLISHING INTL, BOX 1248, SAGAMORE BEACH, MA 02562-1248 USA BN 0-88135-372-8 PY 2004 BP 183 EP 210 PG 28 WC Engineering, Ocean; History & Philosophy Of Science; Oceanography SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science; Oceanography GA BAL79 UT WOS:000222736700007 ER PT B AU Sarma, A AF Sarma, A BE Barros, A Principe, J Larsen, J Adali, T Douglas, S TI Improvements in principal feature classification SO MACHINE LEARNING FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2004 CL Sao Luis, BRAZIL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, TC Machine Learning Signal Proc DE principal component analysis; fisher linear discriminant; efficient implementation; multivariate nonparametric tolerance intervals and regions; generalization ID TOLERANCE LIMITS AB We describe algorithms for rapid training and accurate generalization of principal feature classification (PFC)[6], an elegant decision tree method with performance comparable to neural networks and popular decision tree methods like CART and C4.5. The improved training method is guaranteed to converge and generates a fully grown decision tree. It accomplishes this with a decrease in complexity and is described in detail to facilitate easy implementation. A generalization methodology based on Nonparametric Tolerance Regions is also developed. The method provides accurate generalization of the fully grown tree and is verified using simulated data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8608-6 PY 2004 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBK54 UT WOS:000225881500024 ER PT J AU Whitmer, KR Jacobs, GA Smedstad, OM AF Whitmer, Kirk R. Jacobs, Gregg A. Smedstad, Ole Martin TI Altimeter Signal-to-Noise for Deep Ocean Processes in Operational Systems SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE satellite altimetry; Jason-1; TOPEX/Poseidon; ERS; GFO; near real time; sea surface height; mesoscale features; data assimilation AB The ocean signal for this study is the sea surface height due to the slowly varying (greater than 5-day) ocean processes, which are predominantly the deep ocean mesoscale. These processes are the focus of present assimilation systems for monitoring and predicting ocean circulation due to ocean fronts and eddies and the associated environmental changes that impact real time activities in areas with depths greater than about 200 m. By this definition, signal-to-noise may be estimated directly from altimeter data sets through a crossover point analysis. The RMS variability in crossover differences is due to instrument noise, errors in environmental corrections to the satellite observation, and short time period oceanic variations. The signal-to-noise ratio indicates that shallow areas are typically not well observed due to the high frequency fluctuations. Many deep ocean areas also contain significant high frequency variability such as the subpolar latitudes, which have large atmospheric pressure systems moving through, and these in turn generate large errors in the inverse barometer correction. Understanding the spatial variations of signal to noise is a necessary prerequisite for correct assimilation of the data into operational systems. C1 [Whitmer, Kirk R.; Jacobs, Gregg A.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Whitmer, KR (reprint author), NRL 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM whitmer@nrlssc.navy.mil FU SPAWAR project "Altimeter Data Fusion Center Support"; NRL project "Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics" FX Two reviewers provided valuable comments that significantly improved this manuscript. This work was sponsored by the SPAWAR project "Altimeter Data Fusion Center Support" and the NRL project "Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics." This article is NRL paper contribution number NRL/JA/7320/04/0009. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 433 EP 451 DI 10.1080/01490410490902007 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA V43ZF UT WOS:000209718600006 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DA Teague, WJ Whitmer, KR AF Mitchell, D. A. Teague, W. J. Whitmer, K. R. TI Evidence That Sea State Bias is Different for Ascending and Descending Tracks SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE altimetry; Jason; sea state bias; TOPEX/Poseidon AB Jason-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) measured sea-surface heights (SSHs) are compared for five regions during the verification tandem phase. The five regions are of similar latitude and spatial extent and include the Gulf of Mexico, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and locations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans away from land. In all five regions, a bias, defined as Jason SSH-TOPEX-B SSH, exists that is different for ascending and descending tracks. For example, in the Gulf of Mexico the bias for ascending tracks was -0.13 cm and the bias for descending tracks was 2.19 cm. In the Arabian Sea the bias for ascending tracks was -2.45 cm and the bias for descending tracks was -1.31 cm. The bias was found to depend on track orientation and significant wave height (SWH), indicating an error in the sea state bias (SSB) model for one or both altimeters. The bias in all five regions can be significantly reduced by calculating separate corrections for ascending and descending tracks in each region as a function of SWH. The correction is calculated by fitting a second-order polynomial to the bias as a function of SWH separately for ascending and descending tracks. An additional constraint is required to properly apply the correction, and we chose to minimize the sum of the TOPEX-B and Jason-1 root-mean-square (rms) crossover differences to be consistent with present SSB models. Application of this constraint shows that the correction, though consistent within each region, is different for each region and that each satellite contributes to the bias. One potential source that may account for a portion of the difference in bias is the leakage in the wave forms in TOPEX-B due to differing altitude rates for ascending and descending tracks. Global SSB models could be improved by separating the tracks into ascenders and descenders and calculating a separate SSB model for each track. C1 [Mitchell, D. A.; Teague, W. J.; Whitmer, K. R.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Mitchell, DA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM dmitchell@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research as part of the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research project "Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics (SEED)" [0601153N, NRL/JA/7330/04/9] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research project "Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics (SEED)" under Program Element 0601153N (NRL-SSC contribution NRL/JA/7330/04/9). The authors would like to thank Robert Leben and Brian Powell for supplying their MATLAB code for calculating the filter coefficients. Thanks are also extended to Phil Callahan for helpful background information related to the wave form leakage problem in TOPEX-B. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1080/01490410490902124 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA V43ZF UT WOS:000209718600008 ER PT J AU Tagg, R Akbar, R AF Tagg, R Akbar, R CA Ship Struct Comm US Coast Guard TI Structural survivability of a modern passenger ship SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the results of an investigation into the structural survivability of a modern cruise liner in the flooded condition after collision damage. In the intact condition, these ships are typically loaded in a hogged condition, where the upper decks are in tension and the bottom and lower hull are in compression. In the case of a potential midship flooding casualty following a collision, the weight of the flooding water could put the ship in a sagged condition with the upper decks in compression. The capability of these ships to withstand this type of loading, after sustaining structural damage that would likely occur simultaneously, is unknown. The structural survivability in the combined worst-case intact loading, flooding loading, and wave loading, considering the ultimate collapse strength of the ship with structural damage, is assessed. This analysis confirms that this ship should have adequate residual ultimate strength to withstand the loading for this worst-case scenario. This conclusion is believed to be generally applicable to a wide range of ship types and sizes primarily due to the margin between the intact design wave loading criteria as compared to the moderate wave loading expected during collision damage and flooding scenarios. C1 Herbert Software Solut Inc, Alameda, CA USA. Herbert Engn Corp, Alameda, CA USA. USN, Architecture Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Tagg, R (reprint author), Herbert Software Solut Inc, Alameda, CA USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD JAN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 762LH UT WOS:000187972900005 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ Gupta, M AF Singh, DJ Gupta, M BE Nazri, GA Nazri, M Young, R Chen, P TI Properties of the magnetic hydride YFe2H4 from first principles calculations SO MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN ECONOMY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Technology for Hydrogen Economy held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE, ChevronTexaco, Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc ID Y-FE COMPOUNDS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN ABSORPTION; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; TRANSITION AB YFe2H4 is a ferromagnetic metal with magnetization higher than the Laves phase parent compound, YFe2. Here, the electronic and magnetic properties of YFe2H4 are studied using density functional calculations, in order to elucidate the reasons for this. The electronic structure of YFe2H4 differs from that of YFe2 both because of the lattice expansion upon hydriding and because of chemical interactions involving H. However, the main reason for the increased magnetization is found to be the lattice expansion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-739-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 801 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BY92H UT WOS:000189496100013 ER PT J AU Turnbull, DA Sanghera, JS Nguyen, V Aggarwal, ID AF Turnbull, DA Sanghera, JS Nguyen, V Aggarwal, ID TI Fabrication of waveguides in sputtered films of GeAsSe glass via photodarkening with above bandgap light SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glasses; optical materials and properties; thin films ID CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES AB We have fabricated and characterized waveguides in thin films of Ge(5)AS(34)Se(61) glass sputtered onto silicon wafer substrates. The 5-mum width waveguides were fabricated by exposure to 514.5 nm light from an Ar3+ laser, with a lithographic exposure mask used to provide the lateral patterning for the waveguides. The measured losses of the waveguides ranged from 3.5 to 6.4 dB/cm. From SEM imaging, we concluded that scattering from microcracks at the glass-substrate interface was the dominant source of loss. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turnbull, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00413-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 748EZ UT WOS:000186850700013 ER PT S AU Pao, PS Jones, HN Feng, CR AF Pao, PS Jones, HN Feng, CR BE Ovidko, I Pande, CS Krishnamoorti, R Lavernia, E Skandan, G TI Fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness in bimodal Al 5083 SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND NANOCOMPOSITES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN Off Naval Res, Hysitron Corp ID ALLOY AB The fatigue crack growth rates and fracture toughness of bulk nanocrystalline Al 5083 having a bimodal grain size distribution were investigated. The nanocrystalline powders were prepared by mechanically ball milling spray atomized Al 5083 powders in liquid nitrogen. This nanocrystalline powder was blended with 50 wt% spray atomized large grained Al 5083 powders. The blended powder was then cold pressed, degassed, and extruded into rods. The bimodal Al 5083 thus produced consists of nanocrystalline grain bands and coarse grain bands. While the yield strength of the bimodal Al 5083 is about 25% lower than that of the all nanocrystalline Al 5083, its tensile ductility is almost 50% greater. In addition, the fracture toughness of the bimodal material is about 85% higher than that of the all nanocrystalline counterpart. Fatigue crack growth rates of bimodal Al 5083 are about 30% lower than those of all nanocrystalline Al 5083. The lower fatigue crack growth rates are accompanied by more tortuous crack paths when the crack propagated through the coarse grain regions in the bimodal Al 5083. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-729-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 791 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY87K UT WOS:000189483900003 ER PT S AU Beasley, MA Firebaugh, SL Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Osiander, R AF Beasley, MA Firebaugh, SL Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Osiander, R BE Janson, SW Henning, AK TI MEMS thermal switch for spacecraft thermal control SO MEMS/MOEMS COMPONENTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE microelectromechanical devices; MEMS; micromachining; microfabrication; thermal control; variable emittance coating; SU-8 AB Small satellites with their low thermal capacitance are vulnerable to rapid temperature fluctuations. Therefore, thermal control becomes important, but the limitations on mass and electrical power require new approaches. Possible solutions to actively vary the heat rejection of the satellite in response to variations in the thermal load and environmental condition are the use of a variable emissivity coating (VEC), micro-machined shutters and louvers, or thermal switches. An elegant way to radiate heat is to switch the thermal contact between the emitting surface and the radiator electrostatically. This paper describes the design and fabrication of an active radiator for satellite thermal control based on such a micro electromechanical (MEMS) thermal switch. The switch operates by electrostatically moving a high emissivity surface layer in and out of contact with the radiator. The electromechanical model and material considerations for the thermal design of the MEMS device are discussed. The design utilizes a highly thermal conductive gold membrane supported by low-conductance SU-8 posts. The fabrication process is described. Measured actuation voltages were consistent with the electrostatic model, ranging from 8 to 25 volts. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, 101 Buchanan Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m040414@usna.edu RI Osiander, Robert/J-5781-2015 OI Osiander, Robert/0000-0001-9672-5513 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5252-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5344 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.530906 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY73M UT WOS:000189450400013 ER PT S AU Santiago, F Gehman, VH Long, K Boulais, KA AF Santiago, F Gehman, VH Long, K Boulais, KA BE LaVan, DA Ayon, AA Madou, MJ McNie, ME Prasad, SV TI Carbon nanotube modification using BaF2 vapor in ultra-high vacuum environment SO MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOSITION AB Carbon nanotubes have attracted significant attention in the scientific community due to their unique properties and potential applications. One of the most promising applications is a carbon-nanotube transistor. The motivation of this work is to find ways to connect carbon nanotubes directly to silicon using Ba as a chemical link. We studied chemical interactions between carbon nanotubes and BaF2 vapors using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surfaces of silicon wafers were chemically modified to allow the epitaxial growth of BaF2 using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Samples containing 2D single crystal islands of BaF2 were covered with carbon nanotubes with an average coverage of 10 nanotubes per um(2). The samples were transferred to an outgasing station inside the MBE system and heated to 900degreesC for two hours in a pressure of 10(-9) mbar. XPS C1s data before and after heat show a major change in the nature of the carbon nanotube electronic states. In addition XPS shows formation of a Ba-C "carbide like" bond and no presence of fluorine. AFM images of the same region taken before and after heat exposure show remarkable changes in the surface morphology of the carbon-nanotube wall. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Solid State Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Santiago, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Solid State Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-720-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 782 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAH04 UT WOS:000222177500002 ER PT S AU Boulais, KA Santiago, F Long, KJ Gehman, VH AF Boulais, KA Santiago, F Long, KJ Gehman, VH BE LaVan, DA Ayon, AA Madou, MJ McNie, ME Prasad, SV TI Formation of a Ba-Te surface on GaAs SO MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The formation of a Ba-Te surface on GaAs has been investigated. The surface was created using molecular beam epitaxy (MRS). A GaAs (100) surface was first exposed to Te and characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflective high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The Te-reacted surface was then exposed to BaF2 flux producing a second reaction. In this reaction, the BaF2 dissociated leaving barium on the surface but no fluorine. This is in contrast to the clean (no tellurium) GaAs (100) surface in which BaF2 has been shown to grow single crystal. Although high order exists during early stages of the Ba-Te growth, further exposure gives way to a polycrystalline form. This paper discusses the formation and analysis of the Ba-Te surface. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Solid State Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Boulais, KA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Electromagnet & Solid State Technol Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-720-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 782 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAH04 UT WOS:000222177500053 ER PT S AU Johnson, LJ Shaffer, KJ Skeath, P Perkins, FK Pancrazio, J Scribner, D AF Johnson, LJ Shaffer, KJ Skeath, P Perkins, FK Pancrazio, J Scribner, D BE Nicolau, DV Raghavachari, R TI Microelectronic electroporation array SO MICROARRAYS AND COMBINATORIAL TECHNIQUES: DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND ANALYSIS II SE PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microarrays and Combinatorial Techniques - Design, Fabrication and Analysis II CY JAN 25-26, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE electroporation; microelectronic; stimulation; channel glass; gene therapy ID SINGLE-CELL ELECTROPORATION; GENE TRANSFECTION/; MICROCHIPS AB Gene Array technology has allowed for the study of gene binding by creating thousands of potential binding sites on a single device. A limitation of the current technology is that the effects of the gene and the gene-derived proteins cannot be studied in situ the same way, thousand site cell arrays are not readily available. We propose a new device structure to study the effects of gene modification on cells. This new array technology uses electroporation to target specific areas within a cell culture for transfection of genes. Electroporation arrays will allow high throughput analysis of gene effects on a given cell's response to a stress or a genes ability to restore normal cell function in disease modeling cells. Fluorescent imaging of dye labeled indicator molecules or cell viability will provide results indicating the most effective genes. The electroporation array consists of a microelectronic circuit, ancillary electronics, protecting electrode surface for cell culturing and a perfusion system for gene or drug delivery. The advantages of the current device are that there are 3200 sites for electroporation, all or any subsets of the electrodes can be activated. The cells are held in place by the electrode material. This technology could also be applied to high throughput screening of cell impermeant drugs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 1605-7422 BN 0-8194-5236-X J9 PRO BIOMED OPT IMAG PY 2004 VL 5 IS 17 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.531843 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics GA BAP11 UT WOS:000223100800012 ER PT S AU Blankenship, CB AF Blankenship, CB BE Jackson, GS Uratsuka, S TI Validation of AMSU-B water vapor profile retrievals with GOES infrared observations in the 6.5-micron band SO MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND ENVIRONMENT IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment IV CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE data assimilation; water vapor; microwave remote sensing; infrared remote sensing AB One-dimensional variational (1DVAR) retrievals of humidity profiles over ocean are generated from AMSU-B observations and a Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Predication System (NOGAPS) background. Retrievals of water vapor profiles from AMSU-B are validated by intercomparing GOES water vapor channel observations with simulated GOES brightness temperatures calculated by the RTTOV-7 forward model from the back-round and retrieved atmospheric profiles. Brightness temperatures simulated from the retrieved profiles matched the GOES observations much more closely than those calculated from the back-round profile. After screening out clouds, GOES Imager 6.7-mum brightness temperatures from GOES-10 were reproduced with a correlation of 0.94, a bias of 2.97 K. and a standard deviation of -1.60 K. The impact of AMSU-B retrievals assimilated using NAVDAS is tested by comparing two data assimilation runs. 500-mb and 300-mb specific humidity fields are compared to GOES imagery. Larae-scale moisture features such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) at 500 mb are sharper and better defined in the AMSU-B run, agreeing qualitatively with GOES observations. However. differences in simulated GOES water vapor channel brightness temperatures from the two model runs are very small, due to the limited impact of amsu-b in the upper troposphere in this run. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Blankenship, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5615-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5654 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.578956 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BBP16 UT WOS:000226856200011 ER PT S AU Ruston, B Baker, N AF Ruston, B Baker, N BE Jackson, GS Uratsuka, S TI Sensitivities of an atmospheric profiling retrieval to the microwave land emissivity SO MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND ENVIRONMENT IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment IV CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE microwave land emissivity; atmospheric profiling; land surface temperature; data assimilation AB This study focuses on microwave land surface emissivity estimation over Northern Africa and the Middle East and the related impact on temperature and moisture retrievals. Land surface temperature retrievals are performed using a plane-parallel radiative transfer model, analyses from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and data from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Version 3 (HIRS/3). Infrared surface emissivity is indexed to each location using soil and vegetation databases provided by the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS),. and spectral reflectance libraries of soil and vegetation. Initial microwave land emissivity estimates are made using a plane-parallel radiative transfer model, the infrared retrieved land surface temperatures, analyses from NOGAPS, and data from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU). Perturbations of the atmospheric profiles and land surface temperatures provide estimates of the microwave emissivity error covariances necessary for retrievals and radiance assimilation. The error estimation is used in both the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) IDVAR retrieval, and for future use in 3DVAR radiance assimilation with the NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). The window channels on AMSU/A have shown sensitivity to both temperature and moisture in the lowest five kilometers of the atmospheric profile, with these sensitivities strongly correlated to the estimate of the microwave land emissivity. Though the sensitivities are strongly correlated in the vertical dimension, an ability to extract meaningful profiling information from the microwave data is displayed. Further. the atmospheric sensitivity is linked to the precision to which the microwave radiances are estimated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ruston, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5615-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5654 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.577950 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BBP16 UT WOS:000226856200020 ER PT S AU Barsaleau, DA Tummala, M AF Barsaleau, DA Tummala, M GP IEEE TI Testing of DiffServ performance over a US Navy satellite communication network SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB The U.S. Navy's Automated Digital Network System (ADNS) serves as the primary means of ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship WAN connectivity. A major limitation of current ADNS networks is their inability to provide prioritized service for mission-critical traffic and end-to-end quality of service over high-delay, low-bandwidth satellite links. Accordingly, an upgrade strategy has been developed to provision ADNS with Differentiated Services (Diffserv) and priority queuing. Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) is a key congestion avoidance mechanism within the ADNS DiffServ model. This paper describes the results of ADNS QoS testing of the proposed WRED configuration to ascertain its performance relative to best-effort networks. An alternate WRED configuration is proposed to further enhance network performance. Test results suggest that use of the alternate WRED settings will improve throughput and maintain low packet loss rates for high-priority traffic. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 528 EP 534 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200084 ER PT S AU Tsoumanis, A Robertson, RC AF Tsoumanis, A Robertson, RC GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of the effect of pulse-noise interference on WLAN signals transmitted over a Nakagami fading channel SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB This paper examples the performance of wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, specifically, IEEE 802.11a systems. The signal is subject to pulsed-noise Jamming, when the desired signal and the jamming signal are subject to Nakagami fading. We assume that the average jamming power is much greater than the AWGN power. As expected, the implementation of forward error correction (FEC) coding with soft decision decoding (SDD) and maximum-likelihood detection improves performance as compared to uncoded signals. For uncoded signals, a jamming signal that experiences fading actually improves performance when the fading parameter of the information signal m(s) is less than or equal to one. Surprisingly, for larger values of ms, a jamming signal that experiences fading works in favor of the information signal only for small signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). When SIR is large, performance when the jamming signal experiences fading is worse relative to performance when the jamming signal does not experience fading. For error correction coding with SDD, we investigate only continuous jamming since it is by far the worst case. Moreover, while we consider a range of fading conditions for the jamming signal, we examine only Rayleigh fading of the information signal. The coded signal, when the jamming signal experiences severe fading, performs better relative to the case when the jamming signal does not experience fading. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tsoumanis, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Rc, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM crobertson@nps.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 593 EP 597 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200094 ER PT S AU Kalogrias, C Robertson, C AF Kalogrias, C Robertson, C GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard optimum and sub-optimum receiver in frequency-selective, slowly fading Nakagami channels with AWGN and pulsed-noise interference SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Wireless local area networks (WLAN) are increasingly important in meeting the needs of next generation broadband wireless communications systems for both commercial and military applications. For the IEEE 802.11a 5 GHz WLAN standard, orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) was chosen as the modulation scheme for transmission because of its well-known ability to avoid multi-path effects while achieving high data rates. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard receiver when the signal is transmitted over a frequency-selective, slow fading Nakagami channel in a worst case, pulse-noise interference environment. The different combinations of modulation type (both binary and non-binary modulation) and convolutional code rate specified by the WLAN standard are examined. Receiver performance with Viterbi soft decision decoding (SDD) is analyzed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) plus pulse-noise interference (PNI). The performance of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard receiver is examined both for the scenario where perfect side information is assumed (optimum receiver) and when it is not (sub-optimum receiver). For the suboptimum receiver scenario, the receiver performance is examined both when noise-normalization is utilized and when only linear combining is utilized. The receiver performance is severely affected by the pulse-noise interference environment for the linear combining scenario; however, the sub-optimum receiver performance is significantly improved when noise-normalization is implemented. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kalogrias, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 736 EP 743 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200117 ER PT S AU Kragh, F Robertson, C AF Kragh, F Robertson, C GP IEEE TI A general analysis technique for performance of diversity receivers corrupted by partial-band noise interference SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Error probability analysis for complicated communications systems often yield mathematics which defy analytical solution. In these situations, it is desirable for added insight and reduced computational burden to carry the solution analytically as far as practical before resorting to numerical analysis. Communications systems with diversity and partial-band noise interference often yield such complicated mathematics, as does the analysis of communications systems with convolutional coding and soft decision decoding. In these communications systems, some components of the decision statistics are affected by the partial-band interference, while others are not. Therefore, each decision statistic is a function of many random variables involving at least two distinct probability density functions. Fast frequency-hopped M-ary frequency-shift keying receivers, for example, involve M decision statistics, each dependent on L diversity receptions. Herein, the authors describe a general way to calculate the probability density function for a random variable that is the sum of random variables, employing a new technique to evaluate the inverse Laplace transform as an integral of a real integrand over a finite range. This integral is often better suited for numerical evaluation than the usual inverse Laplace transform integral, thereby offering a generally applicable simplification to decision statistic analysis for complicated communications systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kragh, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 862 EP 866 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200135 ER PT S AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE TI Performance evaluation of random access in wireless networks with multiple destinations SO MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1- 3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2004) CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB Most studies of wireless random-access systems have addressed single-destination networks (e.g., an isolated base station in a cellular network). Here, we consider networks with multiple destinations, where transmissions intended for one destination can interfere with those intended for others. In our earlier work on stabilized slotted Aloha in a symmetrical two-destination system, we derived analytically an invariance result that states that the maximum overall throughput is obtained when the channel traffic is equal to one packet per slot at each of the two destinations. The value of throughput that is achieved at this optimal point depends on the degree of overlap between the two regions, i.e., on the level of interference at each destination that is caused by packets that were intended for the other destination. In this paper, we generalize our results by presenting a complete analysis for two-destination systems that are characterized by an interference model in which interference range exceeds communication range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Informat Technol Div, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; tony@eng.umd.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8847-X J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2004 BP 1200 EP 1205 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCQ43 UT WOS:000230724200186 ER PT J AU Helmers, S Ruland, RT Jacob, LN AF Helmers, S Ruland, RT Jacob, LN TI Epithelioid sarcoma of the thumb associated with hydrazine fuel exposure: A case report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL EXPOSURES; CANCER-MORTALITY; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; ANIMAL-MODEL; SULFATE; WORKERS; COHORT; SERIES AB Hydrazine fuels are commonly used propellants for missiles and tactical jet aircraft used by the U.S. Air Force and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration. Hydrazine fuels are known to cause cancer after respiratory exposure or ingestion in laboratory animals and humans. Although hydrazine is known to cause skin irritation, there are no published reports describing cancer developing after cutaneous exposure to hydrazine in humans. Hydrazine is known to cause cancer in animals after skin exposure and is used to induce angiosarcomas in mice after cutaneous exposure. We present a case of an epithelioid sarcoma developing in the thumb of a patient after repeated exposure to hydrazine fuel. We hypo esize that the epithelioid sarcoma is a consequence of cutaneous exposure to hydrazine fuel. Continued efforts to develop less toxic alternative fuels and increased personal protection from occupational exposure are highly recommended. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anat Pathol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Helmers, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100009 PM 14964501 ER PT J AU Covey, DC AF Covey, DC TI Musculoskeletal war wounds during operation BRAVA in Sri Lanka SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPEN FRACTURES; MANAGEMENT; INJURIES; BATTLEFIELD; CASUALTIES; SURGERY AB Operation BRAVA (Blast Resuscitation and Victim Assistance) was conceived as a means of conducting humanitarian assistance, education, and training in the acute surgical management of land mine and other blast injuries. The first Operation BRAVA mission was carried out in Sri Lanka during 1998 at a time of civil war between government forces and Tamil separatists. Thirty-seven patients with orthopedic war wounds were seen during this mission because of the fighting. Exploding ordnance injured 24 patients (65%), and 13 patients (35%) sustained gunshot wounds. Sixty-seven percent of explosive injuries were from mortar rounds, and the remainder was from a variety of detonating munitions. Twenty-two patients (59%) sustained injuries to one or both lower limbs, and compartment syndrome of the leg developed in two of these patients as a result of multiple fragment injuries. Nine patients (24%) sustained concomitant neurological or vascular injuries. Operation BRAVA provided a novel approach to enhancing the combat medical skills of U.S. military personnel and was successful in developing working relationships with host country medical professionals, facilitating participation in the care of wounded patients, and establishing a framework upon which future BRAVA teams might build. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, FPO, AP 96362 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, PSC 482,Box 2563, FPO, AP 96362 USA. EM coveydc@oki10.med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100012 PM 14964504 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Page, JC Rovig, GW Betts, LS Sack, DM AF Bohnker, BK Page, JC Rovig, GW Betts, LS Sack, DM TI Navy Hearing Conservation Program: 1995-1999 retrospective analysis of threshold shifts for age, sex, and officer/enlisted status SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENLISTED PERSONNEL AB This study provides a cross-sectional, population-based analysis of significant threshold shifts (STS) from over 83,000 audiograms on active duty members in the Navy Hearing Conservation Program Database for 1995-1999. Crude STS rates were lower for women than men (odds ration [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.89; p = 0.0000) and lower for officer than enlisted (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.66-0.76; p = 0.000000). STS rates also increased significantly with increasing age (chi(2) for trend, 134; p = 0.0000). Compared with historical information, STS rates for officers were significantly lower (OR, 0.23; 95% Cl, 0.18-0.27; p = 0.00000). Adjustment by logistic regression found STS rates were lower for women (OR, 0.837; 95% CI, 0.773-0.905; p = 0.000) and officer status (OR, 0.670; 95% CI, 0.619-0.725; p = 0.0000), and increased significantly with age. These findings warrant further investigation because they have programmatic implications on Navy hearing conservation and force health protection. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, 620 John Paul Jones Rd, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IP UT WOS:000235829100015 PM 14964507 ER PT J AU Lucas, TW Dinges, JA AF Lucas, TW Dinges, JA TI The effect of battle circumstances on fitting Lanchester equations to the Battle of Kursk SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARDENNES CAMPAIGN; ATTRITION MODELS; COMBAT; LAW AB Lanchester equations and their extensions are widely used in calculating aggregate attrition in models of warfare. However, due to a lack of high-quality battle data, few validation studies have had strong findings. In particular, there are only a few data sets containing detailed, two-sided, time-phased information. This study uses the Center for Army Analysis's recently compiled Kursk Data Base to examine how well the various Lanchester laws fit the southern front of the Battle of Kursk. The Kursk Data Base is unique in that it records the daily combat status of all of the division-level units as: (1) all combat forces in the campaign; (2) all combat forces within contact; and (3) combat forces within contact that are actively engaged. We find that much more of the variation in casualties during the Battle of Kursk is explained by the status of the forces considered and the phases of the battle than by the Lanchester variant used. Specifically, we obtain substantially better fits when we use only the forces that are actively fighting. An additional improvement in fit is gained by breaking the battle into its natural phases. Finally, when comparing fits among the basic laws, we observe that Lanchester's linear law fits these aggregate data better than the logarithmic law does and much better than the square law does. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lucas, TW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM twlucas@nps.edu; john.dinges@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 847FA UT WOS:000223376900002 ER PT J AU Olson, CB Stander, VA Merrill, LL AF Olson, CB Stander, VA Merrill, LL TI The influence of survey confidentiality and construct measurement in estimating rates of childhood victimization among navy recruits SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL ABUSE; YOUNG-ADULTS; VIOLENCE; HEALTH; LIFE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; ASSOCIATIONS; ANTECEDENTS; PREDICTORS; PREVALENCE AB Surveys that directly ask participants whether they have been abused are likely to derive different results than studies that ask about specific childhood sexual experiences or about experiences with specific types of parental aggression that participants may or may not personally define as abusive. Rates are also likely to be affected by the level of confidentiality of the survey. We compared results from the nonconfidential military Sailor's Health Inventory Program (SHIP; Mittelman, Plunkett, & Bayer, 1998) with the results of the Survey of Recruits' Behaviors (SRB; Merrill, Newell, Hervig, Booth-Kewley, Patriarca, & Gilman, 1998). The SRB included both confidential and anonymous survey conditions. Rates of self-reported childhood abuse varied markedly. SHIP rates were lowest, with 5% of the participants identified as victims of abuse. Using SRB behavioral definitions under anonymous survey conditions resulted in the highest rate of 63%. Data derived using self-definitions and behavioral definitions independently accounted for variability in participants' symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sexual difficulties. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM stander@nhrc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1601_4 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 779JW UT WOS:000189292400004 ER PT J AU Hedge, JW Borman, WC Bruskiewicz, KT Bourne, MJ AF Hedge, JW Borman, WC Bruskiewicz, KT Bourne, MJ TI The development of an integrated performance category system for supervisory jobs in the US Navy SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB When a single job is the target, established job analysis approaches provide relatively straightforward methods for identifying performance requirements. However, when multiple jobs are involved, the identification of a single set of relevant performance dimensions can be more daunting. In the application here, there was also a compelling requirement to develop a dimension set that conformed with U.S. Navy fleet personnel perceptions of the performance domain. Accordingly, the behavioral performance constructs that experienced Navy officers believed differentiate effective from ineffective supervisory performance were gathered using a personal construct theory protocol. We then used a methodology suggested by Borman and Brush (1993) to integrate and summarize these personal work constructs, to provide-through a series of qualitative and quantitative strategies-a dimension set targeted toward supervisors in all Navy communities. The resulting dimensions revealed certain themes that might not have emerged if traditional job analysis strategies had been used. The dimension set and the resulting behaviorally anchored rating scales appear widely relevant to Navy supervisor jobs, and the performance appraisal system that employs the scales is nearing implementation. In addition, performance feedback and development tools were developed to complement the performance appraisal system. C1 Org Solut Grp, Excelsior, MN 55331 USA. Personnel Decis Res Inst Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Personnel Command, Millington, TN USA. RP Hedge, JW (reprint author), Org Solut Grp, 2701 Pence Lane, Excelsior, MN 55331 USA. EM Jerwhedge@aol.com NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1604_2 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 874TP UT WOS:000225373000002 ER PT J AU Newell, CE Rosenfeld, P Harris, RN Hindelang, RL AF Newell, CE Rosenfeld, P Harris, RN Hindelang, RL TI Reasons for nonresponse on US Navy surveys: A closer look SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Military-Testing-Association CY OCT, 2002 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Int Mil Testing Assoc ID MAIL-SURVEY RESPONSE; ORGANIZATIONAL SURVEY; RATES; AGE AB Lower response rates are a trend affecting both military and civilian surveys. The Navy Equal Opportunity/Sexual Harassment (NEOSH) Survey obtained a response rate of 60% in 1989; by 1999, the rate had fallen to 30%. This study was conducted to determine reasons for the low response rate and to obtain suggestions on how to mitigate this issue on future surveys. A follow-up survey was administered to a random sample of those selected for the 1999 NEOSH Survey. The top 3 reasons for not completing surveys were a belief that surveys have no impact, general apathy toward surveys, and survey length. Suggestions for increasing response rates included providing feedback, increasing command involvement, shortening survey length, and providing incentives. When the responses of those who said they completed the NEOSH Survey were compared to those who indicated they did not, the responses of the two groups were similar for attitudinal items. However, completers, endorsed factual items assessing attendance at EO-related training more than noncompleters did. C1 USN, Personnel Res Studies & Technol Dept, Millington, TN USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Newell, CE (reprint author), 5720 Integr Dr PERS 1, Millington, TN 38055 USA. EM carol.newell@navy.mil NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1604_4 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 874TP UT WOS:000225373000004 ER PT S AU Nguyen, HG Kogut, G Barua, R Burmeister, A Pezeshkian, N Powell, D Farrington, N Wimmer, M Cicchetto, B Heng, C Ramirez, V AF Nguyen, HG Kogut, G Barua, R Burmeister, A Pezeshkian, N Powell, D Farrington, N Wimmer, M Cicchetto, B Heng, C Ramirez, V BE Gage, DW TI A Segway RMP-based robotic transport system SO MOBILE ROBOTS XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Robots XVII CY OCT 26-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE Segway Robotic Mobility Platform; RMP; LSTAT; logistics; visual following; GPS breadcrumb AB In the area of logistics, there currently is a capability gap between the one-ton Army robotic Multifunction Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) vehicle and a soldier's backpack. The Unmanned Systems Branch at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR Systems Center, or SSC), San Diego, with the assistance of a group of interns from nearby High Tech High School, has demonstrated enabling technologies for a solution that fills this gap. A small robotic transport system has been developed based on the Segway Robotic Mobility Platform(TM) (RMP). We have demonstrated teleoperated control of this robotic transport system, and conducted two demonstrations of autonomous behaviors. Both demonstrations involved a robotic transporter following a human leader. In the first demonstration, the transporter used a vision system running a continuously adaptive mean-shift filter to track and follow a human. In the second demonstration, the separation between leader and follower was significantly increased using Global Positioning System (GPS) information. The track of the human leader, with a GPS unit in his backpack, was sent wirelessly to the transporter, also equipped with a GPS unit. The robotic transporter traced the path of the human leader by following these GPS breadcrumbs. We have additionally demonstrated a robotic medical patient transport capability by using the Se-way RMP to power a mock-up of the Life Support for Trauma and Transport (LSTAT) patient care platform, on a standard NATO litter carrier. This paper describes the development of our demonstration robotic transport system and the various experiments conducted. C1 USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Nguyen, HG (reprint author), USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5562-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5609 BP 244 EP 255 DI 10.1117/12.573805 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics; Transportation GA BBP24 UT WOS:000226861200024 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DT Andrews, J AF Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DT Andrews, J BE ElFatatry, A TI Experimental results of a MEM based adaptive optics system SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems IV CY JAN 27-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MEM; adaptive optics; wavefront compensation AB Adaptive optics techniques have been proved in both laboratory and field tests to the satisfaction especially of the astronomical and surveillance communities. Such success have sparked interests in other fields, however, to increase efficiency and lower costs new technologies have to be brought to fruition. MEMs are becoming a very important player in this arena. In this paper we describe a portable adaptive optics (AO) system that has been tested in both laboratory and field experiments. Results of these tests will be discussed. Capabilities and shortcomings of this technology will be discussed. A look at future applications and trends will be given C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div,Code 7215,4550 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5254-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5346 BP 234 EP 239 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY73N UT WOS:000189450500028 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DT Andrews, J AF Restaino, SR Gilbreath, GC Payne, DT Andrews, J BE Urey, H Dickensheets, DL TI Experimental results of a MEM based adaptive optics system SO MOEMS DISPLAY AND IMAGING SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems II CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MEM; adaptive optics; wavefront compensation AB Adaptive optics techniques have been proved in both laboratory and field tests to the satisfaction especially of the astronomical and surveillance communities. Such success have sparked interests in other fields, however, to increase efficiency and lower costs new technologies have to be brought to fruition. MEMs are becoming a very important player in this arena. In this paper we describe a portable adaptive optics (AO) system that has been tested in both laboratory and field experiments. Results of these tests will be discussed. Capabilities and shortcomings of this technology will be discussed. A look at future applications and trends will be given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7215,4550 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5256-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5348 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.532643 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY72F UT WOS:000189447400016 ER PT J AU Spector, MS Weslowski, BT Shashidhar, R AF Spector, MS Weslowski, BT Shashidhar, R TI Surface electroclinic effect in a smectic-A liquid crystal SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE eletroclinic; smectic-A; linear dichroism AB Polar interactions between liquid crystal molecules and cell surfaces give rise to the surface electroclinic effect. This results in rotation of the layer normal away from the alignment direction near the surface and an interfacial region where the molecular director twists from the alignment direction until it reaches the layer normal direction. We have investigated the molecular orientation within the smectic layer using linear and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the magnitude of the surface electroclinic tilt is relatively temperature independent, while the bulk electroclinic coefficient strongly depends on temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2004 VL 412 BP 2045 EP 2052 DI 10.1080/15421400490431958 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 835ZM UT WOS:000222524500048 ER PT J AU Carboni, C Mehdi, R George, AK Al-Harthi, SH Naciri, J AF Carboni, C Mehdi, R George, AK Al-Harthi, SH Naciri, J TI Electroclinic effect in low molar mass organosiloxane liquid crystals SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND AB Monomesogen low molar mass organosiloxane liquid-crystal molecules consist of a single mesogenic moiety attached via an alkyl chain to a short siloxane moiety. When the material is cooled from the isotropic phase, the siloxane moieties micro-separate from the mesogenic moieties and aggregate in planes that acts as an effective polymer backbone. The material is therefore in a smectic phase with alternating siloxane-rich layers and mesogen-rich layers. With a suitable design of the mesogenic moiety one can achieve a certain degree of decoupling between the mesogenic-rich layers. Such materials can be expected to display de Vries smectic A phases. In this paper we present monomesogen low molar mass organosilaxane liquid-crystal materials that display a wide temperature range de Vries smectic A* phase. The field dependence of the electric field-induced tilt of the optic axis and the field dependence of the birefringence have been measured at several temperatures. One of the materials displays a transition from de Vries smectic A* to smectic C* at low temperatures. C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Al Khoud 123, Oman. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carboni, C (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, POB 36, Al Khoud 123, Oman. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2004 VL 410 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1080/15421400490434937 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 835ZH UT WOS:000222524000007 ER PT J AU George, AK Al-Hinai, M Carboni, C Al-Harthi, SH Naciri, J AF George, AK Al-Hinai, M Carboni, C Al-Harthi, SH Naciri, J TI Dielectric response in the smectic A and smectic C* phases of a ferroelectric liquid crystal, 12CN5(R*) SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE arrhenius plots; cole-cole plots; dielectric relaxation frequency; ferroelectric liquid crystals; goldstone and soft mode ID TILT ANGLE; THEORIE AB This paper reports the results of the dielectric relaxation studies performed in the Smectic A (SmA) and Smectic C* (SmC*) phases of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, 12CN5(R*) in the frequency range 5 Hz to 13 MHz. Planar orientation used throughout the study was achieved by rubbed polyamide coating on, the surfaces of the dielectric cell. Transition temperatures determined from the derivative of the dielectric permittivity agrees with that obtained using thermal polarizing microscopy. The dielectric spectrum in the SmA phase shows single relaxation, whereas the SmC* phase has two relaxations, viz., the low frequency Goldstone made and the high frequency soft, mode. Special attention was paid to the study of the low frequency Goldstone mode relaxation. From the Cole-Cole plots, the temperature dependence of dielectric strength (Deltaepsilon), the relaxation frequency (f(R)) and the distribution parameter (alpha) relevant to the Goldstone mode have been estimated. The relaxation frequency follows the Arrhenius relation in the asymptotic regions far from the transition. Results of the bias-dependent dielectric measurements of the Goldstone mode relaxation have also been presented. C1 Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Muscat, Oman. Jawaharlal Nehru Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Engn, Kakinada 533033, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George, AK (reprint author), Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, POB 36,PC 123, Muscat, Oman. EM akgeorge@squ.edu.om NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2004 VL 409 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1080/15421400190431714 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 835ZG UT WOS:000222523900035 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Rosmond, TE AF Giraldo, FX Rosmond, TE TI A scalable spectral element eulerian atmospheric model (SEE-AM) for NWP: Dynamical core tests SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SPHERICAL GEODESIC GRIDS; RESOLUTION; GEOMETRY; SCHEME AB A new dynamical core for numerical weather prediction (NWP) based on the spectral element method is presented. This paper represents a departure from previously published work on solving the atmospheric primitive equations in that the horizontal operators are all written, discretized, and solved in 3D Cartesian space. The advantages of using Cartesian space are that the pole singularity that plagues the equations in spherical coordinates disappears; any grid can be used, including latitude-longitude, icosahedral, hexahedral, and adaptive unstructured grids; and the conversion to a semi-Lagrangian formulation is easily achieved. The main advantage of using the spectral element method is that the horizontal operators can be approximated by local high-order elements while scaling efficiently on distributed-memory computers. In order to validate the 3D global atmospheric spectral element model, results are presented for seven test cases: three barotropic tests that confirm the exponential accuracy of the horizontal operators and four baroclinic test cases that validate the full 3D primitive hydrostatic equations. These four baroclinic test cases are the Rossby-Haurwitz wavenumber 4, the Held-Suarez test, and the Jablonowski-Williamson balanced initial state and baroclinic instability tests. Comparisons with four operational NWP and climate models demonstrate that the spectral element model is at least as accurate as spectral transform models while scaling linearly on distributed-memory computers. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giraldo@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 37 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 132 IS 1 BP 133 EP 153 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0133:ASSEEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 765BK UT WOS:000188247100008 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Gole, JL AF Prokes, SM Gole, JL BE Glembocki, OJ Hunt, CE TI Defect formation in surface modified TiO2 nanostructures. SO NANOPARTICLES AND NANOWIRE BUILDING BLOCKS-SYNTHESIS, PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND THEORY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticles and Nanowire Building Blocks held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POROUS SILICON; THIN-FILMS; WATER; PHOTOCATALYSIS; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; ELECTRODES; DYNAMICS; TITANIUM AB The defect formation in surface modified TiO2 has been studied. Anatase TiO2 structures in the 3-20 nm range formed by a wet chemical technique were surface modified and nitridation of the highly reactive TiO2 nanocolloid surface was achieved by a quick and simple treatment in alkyl ammonium compounds. The nitriding process was also accompanied by a metal surface coating process using electroless plating techniques, resulting in a thin metal surface layer on the modified TiO2 nanostructures. The crystal structure of the resultant TiO2-xNx nano-colloids remained anatase and the freshly prepared samples exhibited a strong light emission near 560nm (2.21 eV), which red shifted to 660 nm (1.88 eV) and dropped in intensity with aging in the atmosphere. This behavior was also evident in some of the combined nitridized and metal coated TiO2 nano-colloids. Electron Spin Resonance performed on these samples identified a resonance at g = 2.0035, which increased significantly with nitridation. This resonance is attributed to an oxygen hole center created near the surface of the nanocolloid, which correlates well with the observed optical activity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-768-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 818 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBF84 UT WOS:000225284900016 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Arnold, S AF Prokes, SM Arnold, S BE Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Synthesis of Si nanowires for MEMS cantilever sensor applications. SO NANOSENSING: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanosensing CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE Si nanowires; VLS growth; SLS growth; sensing applications ID LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; SILICON NANOWIRES; LASER-ABLATION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; GROWTH; TRANSISTORS; HYDROGEN AB We present a new approach for growing Si nanowires directly from a silicon substrate, without the use of a metal catalyst, silicon vapor or CVD gasses. The growth can be performed in a furnace type configuration at moderate temperatures or in localized regions by resistive heating. Since the silicon wires grow directly from the silicon substrate, they do not need to be manipulated nor aligned for subsequent applications. Wires in the 20-50 nm diameter range with lengths over 80 mum can be grown by this technique. We have studied the effects of various growth parameters, including temperature, substrate orientation, initial sample cleaning and carrier gasses. Results indicate that most important parameters in the growth of the nanowires are the surface cleaning, the temperature and the type of carrier gas used. A model is proposed, which involves an oxide catalyst for the process, with the growth of the nanowires enabled by a significantly enhanced silicon surface diffusion process, due to adsorption of hydrogen gas on the substrate surface. These nanowires can be grown locally by resistive heating, and thus they are ideal candidates for direct growth on a MEMS cantilever sensor, where the Si nanowire growth can be performed in such a way that the rest of the structure remains at low temperature, reducing the chance of high temperature damage of already processed regions. The wires, once formed on the MEMS device, can be used as adsorption sites for an NRL sorptive polymer, which is currently being used for nerve gas detection. The addition of the nanowires enhances the surface area significantly and thereby it is expected to improve the detection capability of the MEMS structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5546-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5593 BP 88 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.578765 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BBP00 UT WOS:000226789700011 ER EF