FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK Riddle, JR AF Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK Riddle, JR TI Impact of terrorism on caffeine and tobacco use - Response SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MILITARY PERSONNEL C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1194 EP + DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000147206.19647.a8 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 881LR UT WOS:000225869500004 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI A terrain-following crystal grid finite volume ocean circulation model SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE finite volume; crystal grid; integral equations; hydrostatic balance; terrain-following coastal model ID COMPACT DIFFERENCE SCHEME; TIDES AB A three dimensional hydrostatic finite volume ocean model has been developed to solve the integral dynamical equations. Since the basic (integral) equations are solved for finite volumes rather than grid points, the flux conservation is easily enforced, even on arbitrary meshes. Both upwind and high-order combined compact schemes can be incorporated into the model to increase computational stability and accuracy. This model uses a highly distorted grid system near the boundary. The lateral boundaries of each finite volume are perpendicular to x and y axes and the two vertical boundaries are not purely horizontal. Four types of finite volumes are designed to follow the terrain with four (Type-A), three (Type-B), two (Type-C), and one (Type-D) vertices in the lower surface. Such a terrain-following grid discretization has superior features to z- and sigma-coordinate systems. The accuracy of this model was tested. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 945 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s10872-005-0003-9 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 866PJ UT WOS:000224785100003 ER PT J AU Book, JW Pistek, P Perkins, H Thompson, KR Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Suk, MS Chang, KL Lee, JC Choi, BH AF Book, JW Pistek, P Perkins, H Thompson, KR Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Suk, MS Chang, KL Lee, JC Choi, BH TI Data assimilation modeling of the barotropic tides in the Korea/Tsushima Strait SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Korea/Tsushima Strait; barotropic tide; data assimilation; error analysis ID KOREA; VARIABILITY; SEAS AB During 1999-2000, 13 bottom mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and 12 wave/tide gauges were deployed along two lines across the Korea/Tsushima Strait, providing long-term measurements of currents and bottom pressure. Tidally analyzed velocity and pressure data from the moorings are used in conjunction with other moored ADCPs, coastal tide gauge measurements, and altimeter measurements in a linear barotropic data assimilation model. The model fits the vertically averaged data to the linear shallow water equations in a least-squares sense by only adjusting the incoming gravity waves along the boundaries. Model predictions are made for the O-1, P-1, K-1, mu(2), N-2, M-2, S-2, and K-2 tides. An extensive analysis of the accuracy of the M-2 surface-height predictions suggests that for broad regions near the mooring lines and in the Jeju Strait the amplitude prediction errors are less than 0.5 cm. Elsewhere, the analysis suggests that errors range from 1 to 4 cm with the exception of small regions where the tides are not well determined by the dataset. The errors in the model predictions are primarily caused by bias error in the model's physics, numerics, and/or parameterization as opposed to random errors in the observational data. In the model predictions, the highest ranges in sea level height occur for tidal constituents M-2, S-2, K-1, O-1, and N-2, with the highest magnitudes of tidal velocities occurring for M-2, K-1, S-2, and O-1 . The tides exhibit a complex structure in which diurnal constituents have higher currents relative to their sea level height ranges than semi-diurnal constituents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Environm & Climate Change Lab, Seoul 425600, South Korea. Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Book, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM book@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 977 EP 993 DI 10.1007/s10872-005-0006-6 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 866PJ UT WOS:000224785100006 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Wang, GH Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Wang, GH Fan, CW TI Evaluation of the US Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) using South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) data SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE MODAS; data assimilation; South China Sea; Monsoon Experiment; thermocline; halocline; skill score; bias; root-mean error ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MODEL; VARIABILITIES; CIRCULATION AB The Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) is an oceanographic tool to create high-resolution temperature and salinity on three-dimensional grids, by assimilating a wide range of ocean observations into a starting field. The MODAS products are used to generate the sound speed for ocean acoustic modeling applications. Hydrographic data acquired from the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) from April through June 1998 are used to verify the MODAS model. MODAS has the capability to provide reasonably good temperature and salinity nowcast fields. The errors have a Gaussian-type distribution with mean temperature nearly zero and mean salinity of -0.2 ppt. The standard deviations of temperature and salinity errors are 0.98degreesC and 0.22 ppt, respectively. The skill score of the temperature nowcast is positive, except at depth between 1750 and 2250 m. The skill score of the salinity nowcast is less than that of the temperature nowcast, especially at depth between 300 and 400, where the skill score is negative. Thermocline and halocline identified from the MODAS temperature and salinity fields are weaker than those based on SCSMEX data. The maximum discrepancy between the two is in the thermocline and halocline. The thermocline depth estimated from the MODAS temperature field is 10-40 m shallower than that from the SCSMEX data. The vertical temperature gradient across the thermocline computed from the MODAS field is around 0.14degreesC/m, weaker than that calculated from the SCSMEX data (0.19degrees-0.27 degreesC/m). The thermocline thickness computed from the MODAS field has less temporal variation than that calculated from the SCSMEX data (40-100 m). The halocline depth estimated from the MODAS salinity field is always deeper than that from the SCSMEX data. Its thickness computed from the MODAS field varies slowly around 30 m, which is generally thinner than that calculated from the SCSMEX data (28-46 m). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.navy.mil NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1021 DI 10.1007/s10872-005-0009-3 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 866PJ UT WOS:000224785100009 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Mitchell, DA Wimbush, M Watts, DR AF Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA Mitchell, DA Wimbush, M Watts, DR TI Decadal current variations in the southwestern Japan/East Sea SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Japan Sea; Ulleung Basin; currents; TOPEX; PIES; East Korean Warm Current (EKWC); Ulleung Warm Eddy; Offshore Branch; marginal sea oceanography ID GLOBAL OCEAN TIDES; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; VARIABILITY; ENERGETICS; PROFILES; ATLANTIC; STRAIT AB Absolute geostrophic velocities were calculated along TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) groundtracks located in the Ulleung Basin of the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES) from a combined analysis of nearly a decade of T/P data and two years of pressuregauge-equipped inverted echo sounder (PIES) data obtained during the United States Office of Naval Research's JES Program. Geostrophic velocities have been calculated daily for the Ulleung Basin from June 1999 to July 2001 from a three-dimensional mapping of temperature and salinity produced by PIES data interpreted via the Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM) technique combined with the Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS). These velocities were then used to convert T/P velocity anomalies to absolute velocities for the T/P time period of 1993 to 2002. Current intensities and variabilities associated with the East Korean Warm Current, Ulleung Warm Eddy, and Offshore Branch are examined. Spatial and temporal variations of the sea surface circulation are strong. Intensification of the currents generally occurred during the fall season. The flow pattern in individual years differed greatly from year to year and differed from climatology in important qualitative ways. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1033 DI 10.1007/s10872-005-0010-x PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 866PJ UT WOS:000224785100010 ER PT J AU Alevras, A AF Alevras, A TI One parameter semigroups of endomorphisms of factors of type II1 SO JOURNAL OF OPERATOR THEORY LA English DT Article DE *-endomorphisms; E-0-semigroups; Hilbert modules; product systerns; II1-factors ID CONTINUOUS SPATIAL SEMIGROUPS; ASTERISK-ENDOMORPHISMS; STAR-ENDOMORPHISMS; CONTINUOUS ANALOGS; FOCK SPACE; INDEX; B(H); ALGEBRAS AB We study invariants for continuous semigroups of *-endomorphisms of type II1-factors. An index is defined, based on R. Powers's notion of the boundary representation, and computed for all known examples on the hyperfinite II1-factor R, as well as for examples on L(F-infinity). We also introduce the analogue of W. Arveson's continuous tensor product system associated with an E-0-semigroup, and show that it is a complete :invariant under cocycle conjugacy. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Alevras, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM alevras@usna.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU THETA FOUNDATION PI BUCHAREST PA C/O INST MATHEMATICS, PO BOX 1-764, BUCHAREST 70700, ROMANIA SN 0379-4024 J9 J OPERAT THEOR JI J. Operat. Theor. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 1 BP 161 EP 179 PG 19 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 818VE UT WOS:000221271800010 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Paluch, M Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Paluch, M Casalini, R TI Effects of the volume and temperature on the global and segmental dynamics in poly(propylene glycol) and 1,4-polyisoprene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density; dielectric relaxation; normal mode; polyisoprene; poly(propylene glycol); relaxation; segmental mode; rheology ID DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; CIS-POLYISOPRENE; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; POLYMERS AB Published dielectric relaxation measurements for poly(propylene glycol) and 1,4-polyisoprene are analyzed to determine the relative effects that thermal energy and volume have on the temperature dependence of the normal-mode relaxation times, and these are compared with their effects on the temperature dependence of the local segmental relaxation times. For both polymers at temperatures well above the glass-transition temperature, both relaxation modes are governed more by the thermal energy than by the volume, although the latter's contribution is not negligible. Such a result is consistent with an assumption underlying models for polymer viscoelasticity, such as the Rouse and tube models, that the friction coefficient governing motions over large length scales can be identified with the local segmental friction coefficient. Moreover, the relaxation data for both the segmental and normal modes superimpose when expressed as a function of the product of the temperature and volume, the latter being raised to a power. This scaling form arises from an inverse power law for the repulsive part of the intermolecular potential. The value of the exponent on the volume is the same for the normal and segmental motions and for both polymers indicates a relatively soft potential. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 23 BP 4313 EP 4319 DI 10.1002/polb.20287 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 872FV UT WOS:000225194000010 ER PT J AU Quartararo, AT AF Quartararo, AT TI Damned for their difference: The cultural construction of deaf people as disabled. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Quartararo, AT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 539 EP 541 DI 10.1353/jsh.2004.0136 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 884IR UT WOS:000226078700023 ER PT J AU Halvorsen, PF AF Halvorsen, PF TI The Royal Navy and mine warfare, 1868-1914 SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Britain underestimated the importance of the naval mine in the years leading up to the First World War and entered the conflict unprepared for an extended mine campaign. Traditional interpretations of the mine's position are limited and neglect the broader political and economic factors influencing its development. The mine was a peripheral technology representative of the rapid technological change in the period, and its development was affected by financial constraints, international diplomacy and naval administration. Because of structural impediments, however, and despite significant resources devoted to the weapon, the mine faced obstacles which led to both limited stocks and inadequate plans for use at the opening of the First World War. C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Halvorsen, PF (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 685 EP 707 DI 10.1080/136236904200514565 PG 23 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 884YP UT WOS:000226122900006 ER PT J AU Korman, MS Sabatier, JM AF Korman, MS Sabatier, JM TI Nonlinear acoustic techniques for landmine detection SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 146th Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY NOV 10-14, 2003 CL Austin, TX SP Acoust Soc Amer ID MINE DETECTION; DISCRIMINATION; ELASTICITY AB Measurements of the top surface vibration of a buried (inert) VS 2.2 anti-tank plastic landmine reveal significant resonances in the frequency range between 80 and 650 Hz. Resonances from measurements of the normal component of the acoustically induced soil surface particle velocity (due to sufficient acoustic-to-seismic coupling) have been used in detection schemes. Since the interface between the top plate and the soil responds nonlinearly to pressure fluctuations, characteristics of landmines, the soil, and the interface are rich in nonlinear physics and allow for a method of buried landmine detection not previously exploited. Tuning curve experiments (revealing "softening" and a back-bone curve linear in particle velocity amplitude versus frequency) help characterize the nonlinear resonant behavior of the soil-landmine oscillator. The results appear to exhibit the characteristics of nonlinear mesoscopic elastic behavior, which is explored. When two primary waves f(1) and f(2) drive the soil over the mine near resonance, a rich spectrum of nonlinearly generated tones is measured with a geophone on the surface over the buried landmine in agreement with Donskoy [SPIE Proc. 3392, 221-217 (1998); 3710, 239-246 (1999)]. In profiling, particular nonlinear tonals can improve the contrast ratio compared to using either primary tone in the spectrum. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USA, CERDEC, RDECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Korman, MS (reprint author), USA, CERDEC, RDECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM korman@usna.edu NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 116 IS 6 BP 3354 EP 3369 DI 10.1121/1.1814119 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 882BV UT WOS:000225914400014 PM 15658688 ER PT J AU Antonelli, L Blackmon, F AF Antonelli, L Blackmon, F TI Experimental demonstration of remote, passive acousto-optic sensing SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB Passively detecting underwater sound from the air can allow aircraft and surface vessels to monitor the underwater acoustic environment. Experimental research into an optical hydrophone is being conducted for remote, aerial detection of underwater sound. A laser beam is directed onto the water surface to measure the velocity of the vibrations occurring as the underwater acoustic signal reaches the water surface. The acoustically generated surface vibrations modulate the phase of the laser beam. Sound detection occurs when the laser is reflected back towards the sensor. Therefore, laser alignment on the specularly reflecting water surface is critical. As the water surface moves, the laser beam is reflected away from the photodetector and no signal is obtained. One option to mitigate this problem is to continually steer the laser onto a spot on the water surface that provides a direct back-reflection. Results are presented from a laboratory test that investigates the feasibility of the acousto-optic sensor detection on hydrostatic and hydrodynamic surfaces using a laser Doppler vibrometer in combination with a laser-based, surface normal glint tracker for remotely detecting underwater sound. This paper outlines the acousto-optic sensor and tracker concepts and presents experimental results comparing sensor operation under various sea surface conditions. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Undersea Warface Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Antonelli, L (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warface Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM antonellilt@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 116 IS 6 BP 3393 EP 3403 DI 10.1121/1.1811475 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 882BV UT WOS:000225914400017 PM 15658691 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Forester, DW Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN AF Monzon, C Forester, DW Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN TI Scattering properties of an impedance-matched, ideal, homogeneous, causal "left-handed" sphere SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; METAMATERIAL; TRANSMISSION; INDEX AB The plane-wave scattering properties of a sphere of material having an ideal, homogeneous, and causal permittivity epsilon(f), and permeability mu(f) were investigated through detailed three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain, method-of-moments, and series-solution simulations. A Lorentzian functional form was chosen for epsilon(f) and mu(f), as it yields causal responses and allows us to study the physics of the left-handed-medium (LHM) regime. Our interest lies mainly in the frequency range where negative refraction [Re(n) < 0] is observed. We found that when operating in the LHM regime, an impedance-matched sphere responds with scattering features strikingly different from those found in ordinary materials. In particular, we found zero backscattering and forward scattering that exceeds that of a metal sphere of similar size. The equality of E- and H-plane patterns was proved analytically and numerically, and the possibility of internal subwavelength focusing with a zero index sphere is also reported. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2311 EP 2319 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.002311 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 874VK UT WOS:000225378200007 PM 15603066 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Zincke, H Bergstralh, EJ Slezak, JM Blute, ML AF Ward, JF Zincke, H Bergstralh, EJ Slezak, JM Blute, ML TI Prostate specific antigen doubling time subsequent to radical prostatectomy as a prognosticator of outcome following salvage radiotherapy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; survival; salvage therapy; prostatectomy; radiotherapy ID RADIATION-THERAPY; BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE; ISOLATED ELEVATION; CANCER; RECURRENCE; PSA; IRRADIATION; PROGRESSION; SURVIVAL; EFFICACY AB Purpose: Therapy for men with detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) following radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer remains controversial. Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is commonly used because of its relatively low morbidity. We present a single institution retrospective review of patients treated with SRT. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal cohort study (between April 1987 and April 2000) using the referral based Mayo Clinic Prostate Cancer Registry was conducted. A total of 211 patients were included in this study if detectable serum PSA was the sole indication for SRT and no hormonal therapy was administered. Results: Median followup from surgery to death or last followup was 7.2 years, from RP to SRT was 1.7 years and from SRT to last contact was 4.2 years. Median PSA and prostate specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) at SRT initiation was 0.60 ng/ml and 7.32 months; respectively. Of the patients 90% had nadir PSA less than 0.4 ng/ml within 3 years of SRT. Biochemical disease-free rates at 5 years for PSADT less than 12 or 12 months or greater was 48% and 66%; respectively (p = 0.080). By 10 years there was no significant difference in biochemical disease-free rate (34% vs 35%). Clinical metastasis (10% and 29%) developed in patients with a PSADT less than 12 months at a significantly higher rate than in patients with a PSADT of 12 months or more (0% and 17%, p = 0.045) at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed pre-SRT PSADT (less than 12 months, H.R. 3.88, p = 0.032), seminal vesicle invasion (H.R. 3.22, p = 0.008), pathological grade (H.R. 1.58, p = 0.023) and PSA at SRT (H.R. 1.29 for a 2-fold increase, p = 0.044) to be significant independent predictors of clinical recurrence. The interval from RP to SRT did not add to the model (p = 0.22). Conclusions: A biochemical response can be expected in the majority of patients within 3 years of receiving SRT. Patients with a pre-SRT PSADT of 1 year or less have a less sustained biochemical response to SRT than patients with a PSADT greater than 1, yet the majority of patients appear to receive long-term benefit from this adjunctive therapy. PSADT is an independent predictor of biochemical and clinical disease recurrence following SRT. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Mayo Clin, Div Urol, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Div Biostat, Rochester, MN USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23706 USA. EM jfward@mar.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 172 IS 6 BP 2244 EP 2248 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000145262.34748.2b PN 1 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 872GE UT WOS:000225194900027 PM 15538240 ER PT J AU West, BM AF West, BM TI A primer for ICP-mass spectrometry SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP West, BM (reprint author), USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 12 BP 745 EP 747 DI 10.1309/Q6NBT2B15MJVGN2N PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 874EC UT WOS:000225332700015 ER PT J AU Murrell, GL AF Murrell, GL TI Auricular cartilage grafts and nasal surgery SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE rhinoplasty; nasal surgery; auricular cartilage graft ID RECONSTRUCTION; AUTOGRAFT; NOSE AB Objective: To illustrate the safety, effectiveness, and versatility of auricular cartilage grafts in nasal surgery. Study Design: Retrospective chart review of the author's nasal surgery experience for an 8-year period. Methods: Five hundred eight rhinoplasties were performed over an 8-year period. One hundred one of these cases used auricular cartilage grafts as donor material. Results: Donor cartilage was used in a wide range of grafting techniques: tip grafts, dorsal onlays, spreader grafts, septal replacements, alar battens, composite grafts, etc. The average follow up was 12 months. The complication rate was low. Five patients experienced complications involving the auricular cartilage graft or its donor site. No patients experienced graft resorption or infection. Donor site morbidity was limited. No auricular infections or hematomas were observed. Conclusion: Septal cartilage is usually the first choice as donor material in nasal surgery; however, when indicated, auricular cartilage grafts can serve as a safe, effective, and versatile alternative. This conclusion is supported by their successful use in a wide variety of surgical techniques, with long-term follow-up. The author feels strongly that autografts should be favored over alloplastic material. Alloplastic grafts continue to present a risk of infection over the entire life of their use. When a rhinoplasty is performed skillfully with a cartilage autograft, time becomes an ally of the surgeon rather than an enemy. C1 USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton Calif, Med Corps, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Murrell, GL (reprint author), USN, Hosp Camp Pendleton Calif, Med Corps, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, POB 555191, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD DEC PY 2004 VL 114 IS 12 BP 2092 EP 2102 DI 10.1097/01.mlg.0000149440.20608.7c PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 878IE UT WOS:000225639300004 PM 15564827 ER PT J AU Claborn, DM AF Claborn, DM TI Environmental mimics of chemical warfare agents SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; OUTBREAK; DERMATITIS; DISEASE; HEALTH AB There are several natural and artificial factors that mimic the effects of chemical warfare agents, thereby causing unwarranted alarm and confusion on the battlefield. Symptoms associated with chemical warfare include paralysis, muscle tremors, heavy salivation, severe bums, blistering, and corrosive skin injuries among others. Similar symptoms can be produced from a variety of environmental sources, artificial and natural. This article reviews several published and unpublished examples of environmental factors that produce syndromes similar to those caused by these agents. Examples of such mimics include pesticides, blistering exudates from insects and plants, various types of bites, and naturally occurring diseases. The potential for confusion caused by these factors is discussed and means of discriminating between warfare agents and naturally occurring events are identified. Recommendations for the use of this information and for needed research are also discussed. C1 USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Claborn, DM (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Naval Air Stn, Box 43, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 169 IS 12 BP 958 EP 961 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JE UT WOS:000235830600005 PM 15646185 ER PT J AU Oakes, MJ Sherman, BE AF Oakes, MJ Sherman, BE TI Cystic hygroma in a tactical aviator: A case report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LYMPHANGIOMA; NECK; ADULT; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; LESIONS; RARE AB Cystic hygroma of the neck is a benign, congenital tumor of lymphatic origin rarely seen in adults, with approximately 100 cases presented in the literature. The etiology of this lesion is poorly understood, with spontaneous occurrence, upper respiratory infection, or trivial trauma being suggested. We present a recent unique case report of an adult male tactical aviator who experienced a progressively enlarging cystic hygroma of the neck over a 2-week period without history of infection or obvious trauma. This case is unusual in that there may have been an element of continuous microtrauma to the area given the individual's occupation and required flight head gear. A successful. surgical dissection and removal of the cystic hygroma was performed. A discussion and brief literature review of cystic hygroma in adulthood is presented. C1 USN, Stn Lemoore, Lemoore, CA 93246 USA. Cent Calif Ear Nose & Throat Med Grp, Dept Otolaryngol, Fresno, CA 93720 USA. RP Oakes, MJ (reprint author), USN, Stn Lemoore, 210 Reeves Blvd, Lemoore, CA 93246 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 169 IS 12 BP 985 EP 987 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JE UT WOS:000235830600012 PM 15646192 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Berti, L Medintz, IL AF Sapsford, KE Berti, L Medintz, IL TI Fluorescence resonance energy transfer - Concepts, applications and advances SO MINERVA BIOTECNOLOGICA LA English DT Review DE fluorescence resonance energy transfer; quantum dot; biotechnology; molecular biology; cellular imaging ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; YEAST PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; SINGLE LIVING CELLS; DYE-LABELED PRIMERS; MOLECULAR BEACONS; TRANSFER FRET; DRUG DISCOVERY; QUANTUM DOTS; TRANSFER IMMUNOASSAY; SPECTROSCOPIC RULER AB Bio-analytical techniques that utilize fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are particularly attractive to scientists due to the intrinsic sensitivity of this photo-physical process for detecting small variations in molecular distance and orientation. This means, when appropriately configured, any change in proximity between 2 appropriately labeled molecules can be detected both qualitatively and quantitatively. FRET is finding an ever increasing role in bio-analytical techniques, especially in the monitoring of binding events both intra-cellularly and as a reporter for in vitro assays. Furthermore, use of FRET can dramatically improve optical resolution in multi-analyte or 'multiplex' roles. In the present review, we describe many aspects of FRET as an analytical technique with a special emphasis on items of interest to the biologist in general. Among the areas covered are a brief history of FRET, an introduction to relevant concepts and Forster formalism, the mechanism of FRET, FRET as a tool to elucidate biological structures, FRET as a sensing technique in vitro and in vivo, FRET usage with analytical and diagnostic DNA testing, as well as the use of novel proteins and nanocrystalline quantum dot materials in FRET. As more researchers learn about this versatile technique, FRET will continue to gain an ever increasing role in bio-applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. INFM, Natl Res Ctr S3, Modena, Italy. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 151 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 59 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 1120-4826 J9 MINERVA BIOTECNOL JI Minerva Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 247 EP 273 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 972HV UT WOS:000232445800003 ER PT J AU Alvarez, LA Calvano, CN AF Alvarez, LA Calvano, CN TI A ship for the expeditionary warfare see base SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Marine Corps is developing concepts for future expeditionary maneuver warfare operations, with land forces directly attacking objectives considerable distances inland from ships significantly far offshore. Ships directly supporting the forces are the "sea base", which will require robust sustainment, transport, and throughput capabilities. A "team of teams" at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), tasked by the Office of the CNO, studied a "system of systems" approach to providing these capabilities. Students in the Systems Engineering and Analysis curriculum developed an operational concept and requirements documents to guide teams developing ship, aircraft, and other system designs to fill gaps between current and envisioned capabilities. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Program Total Ship Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alvarez, LA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Program Total Ship Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 116 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 811LY UT WOS:000220774600005 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Tarter, JC Wilner, DJ AF Lazio, TJW Tarter, JC Wilner, DJ TI The cradle of life SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; GAP AB The emerging field of bioastronomy is beginning to address one of the oldest questions in science and philosophy: Are we alone? By virtue of its sheer sensitivity, high frequency coverage, and long baselines, the SKA will play a pivotal role in bioastronomical studies. It will be a unique instrument with the capability to image proto-planetary disks in nearby star-forming regions and monitor the evolution of structures within those disks ("movies of planetary formation"). It will also be able to assess the extent to which interstellar molecules are incorporated into proto-planetary disks. It will also be able to reach qualitatively new levels of sensitivity in the search for intelligence elsewhere in the Galaxy, including for the first time the realistic possibility of detecting unintentional emissions or "leakage" (such as from TV transmitters) from nearby stars. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; tarter@vger.seti.org NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 985 EP 991 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.002 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800002 ER PT J AU Kramer, M Backer, DC Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Stappers, BW Johnston, S AF Kramer, M Backer, DC Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Stappers, BW Johnston, S TI Strong-field tests of gravity using pulsars and black holes SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; TIMING MEASUREMENTS; BINARIES; RADIATION; PRECESSION; SEARCH; SYSTEM AB The sensitivity of the SKA enables a number of tests of theories of gravity. A Galactic Census of pulsars will discover most of the active pulsars in the Galaxy beamed toward us. In this census will almost certainly be pulsar-black hole binaries as well as pulsars orbiting the super-massive black hole in the Galactic centre. These systems are unique in their capability to probe the ultra-strong field limit of relativistic gravity. These measurements can be used to test the Cosmic Censorship Conjecture and the No-Hair theorem. The large number of millisecond pulsars discovered with the SKA will also provide a dense array of precision clocks on the sky. These clocks will act as the multiple arms of a huge gravitational wave detector, which can be used to detect and measure the stochastic cosmological gravitational wave background that is expected from a number of sources. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Jodrell Bank, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ASTON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Kramer, M (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Jodrell Bank, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM mkramer@jb.man.ac.uk; dbacker@astro.berkeley.edu; cordes@astro.cornell.edu; Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; stappers@astron.nl; simonj@physics.usyd.edu.au NR 41 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 993 EP 1002 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.020 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800003 ER PT J AU Weller, KW Van Dyk, SD Sramek, RA Panagia, N AF Weller, KW Van Dyk, SD Sramek, RA Panagia, N TI Radio emission from supernovae and gamma-ray bursters and the need for the SKA SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; SYMBIOTIC-STAR PROGENITOR; 25 APRIL 1998; GRB 970508; SN 1998BW; IA SUPERNOVAE; INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; II SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT CURVES; MASS-LOSS AB Study of radio supernovae (SNe) over the past 25 years includes two dozen detected objects and more than 100 upper limits. From this work it is possible to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova, stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the stellar system, and to show clumpiness of the circumstellar material. Since 1997 the afterglow of gamma-ray bursting sources (GRBs) has occasionally been detected in the radio, as well in other wavelength bands. In particular, the interesting and unusual gamma-ray burst GRB 980425, almost certainly related to the radio supernova SN 1998bw, and the more recent SN 2003dh/GRB 030329 are links between the two classes of objects. Analyzing the extensive radio emission data available for SN 1998bw, one can describe its time evolution within the well established framework available for the analysis of radio emission from supernovae. This then allows relatively detailed description of a number of physical properties of the object. The radio emission can best be explained as the interaction of a mildly relativistic (Gamma similar to 1.6) shock with a dense pre-explosion stellar wind-established circumstellar medium that is highly structured both azimuthally, in clumps or filaments, and radially, with observed density enhancements. From this we can support the conclusion that at least some members of the slow-soft class of GRBs are related to type Ib/c SNe and can be attributed to the explosion of a massive star in a dense, highly structured CSM that was presumably established by the pre-explosion stellar system. However, due to the lack of sensitivity of current radio telescopes, most supernovae cannot be studied if they are more distant than the Virgo Cluster (similar to20 Mpc) or, for exceptionally luminous Type IIn supernovae, beyond similar to100 Mpc. While the GRBs are up to 4 orders-of-magnitude more radio luminous, they are also generally much more distant because of their small probability of detection in smaller volumes of space and most are at z similar to 1. Those which are radio detected rarely exceed peak flux densities of similar to100 - 300 muJy. Such low flux densities mean that detailed study of their radio "light curves" and, derived from those light curves, the energetics and dynamics of the explosions and the properties of their progenitors and the circumburst medium is very difficult and severely limited in scope. The increased capability of the SKA to attack these problems will significantly advance the field. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, VLA, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. ESA, STScI, Dept Space Sci, Div Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weller, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurt.weiler@nrl.navy.mil; vandyk@ipac.caltech.edu; dsraniek@nrao.edu; panagia@stsci.edu OI Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 128 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 1377 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.017 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800038 ER PT J AU Cordes, JM Kramer, M Lazio, TJW Stappers, BW Backer, DC Johnston, S AF Cordes, JM Kramer, M Lazio, TJW Stappers, BW Backer, DC Johnston, S TI Pulsars as tools for fundamental physics and astrophysics SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6752; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; GIANT RADIO PULSES; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; GALACTIC-CENTER; CRAB PULSAR; IONIZED-GAS; MILKY-WAY AB The sheer number of pulsars discovered by the SKA, in combination with the exceptional timing precision it can provide, will revolutionize the field of pulsar astrophysics. The SKA will provide a complete census of pulsars in both the Galaxy and in Galactic globular clusters that can be used to provide a detailed map of the electron density and magnetic fields, the dynamics of the systems, and their evolutionary histories. This complete census will provide examples of nearly every possible outcome of the evolution of massive stars, including the discovery of very exotic systems such as pulsar black-hole systems and sub-millisecond pulsars, if they exist. These exotic systems will allow unique tests of the strong field limit of relativistic gravity and the equation of state at extreme densities. Masses of pulsars and their binary companions - planets, white dwarfs, other neutron stars, and black holes - will be determined to similar to1% for hundreds of objects. With the SKA we can discover and time highly-stable millisecond pulsars that comprise a pulsar-timing array for the detection of low-frequency gravitational waves. The SKA will also provide partial censuses of nearby galaxies through periodicity and single-pulse detections, yielding important information on the intergalactic medium. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Cordes, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cordes@astro.cornell.edu NR 85 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 1413 EP 1438 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.040 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800040 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Cordes, JM de Bruyn, AG Macquart, JP AF Lazio, TJW Cordes, JM de Bruyn, AG Macquart, JP TI The microarcsecond sky and cosmic turbulence SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ROTATION MEASURE VARIATIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ALFVENIC TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GALACTIC PLANE; IONIZED-GAS; SCINTILLATION AB Radio waves are imprinted with propagation effects from ionized media through which they pass. Owing to electron density fluctuations, compact sources (pulsars, masers, and compact extragalactic sources) can display a wide variety of scattering effects. These scattering effects, particularly interstellar scintillation, can be exploited to provide superresolution, with achievable angular resolutions ( I pas) far in excess of what can be obtained by very long baseline interferometry on terrestrial baselines. Scattering effects also provide a powerful sub-A U probe of the microphysics of the interstellar medium, potentially to spatial scales smaller than 100 km, as well as a tracer of the Galactic distribution of energy input into the interstellar medium through a variety of integrated measures. Coupled with future gamma-ray observations, SKA observations also may provide a means of detecting fainter compact gamma-ray sources. Though it is not yet clear that propagation effects due to the intergalactic medium are significant, the SKA will either detect or place stringent constraints on intergalactic scattering. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. NAIC, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; cordes@astro.cornell.edu; ger@astron.nl; jpm@astro.rug.nl RI Macquart, Jean-Pierre/B-5306-2013 NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 1439 EP 1457 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.039 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800041 ER PT J AU Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW McLaughlin, MA AF Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW McLaughlin, MA TI The dynamic radio sky SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; GIANT PULSES; GALACTIC PLANE; CENTIMETER WAVELENGTHS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; VARIABILITY SURVEY; CRAB PULSAR AB Transient radio sources are necessarily compact and usually are the locations of explosive or dynamic events, therefore offering unique opportunities for probing fundamental physics and astrophysics. In addition, short-duration transients are powerful probes of intervening media owing to dispersion, scattering and Faraday rotation that modify the signals. While radio astronomy has an impressive record obtaining high time resolution, usually it is achieved in quite narrow fields of view. Consequently, the dynamic radio sky is poorly sampled, in contrast to the situation in the X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The SKA has the potential to change this situation, opening up new parameter space in the search for radio transients. We summarize the wide variety of known and hypothesized radio transients and demonstrate that the SKA offers considerable power in exploring this parameter space. Requirements on the SKA to search the parameter space include the abilities to: (1) make targeted searches using beam forming capability; (2) conduct blind, all-sky surveys with dense sampling of the frequency-time plane in wide fields; (3) sample the sky with multiple fields of view from spatially well-separated sites in order to discriminate celestial and terrestrial signals; (4) utilize as much of the SKAs aggregate collecting area as possible in blind surveys, thus requiring a centrally condensed configuration, and; (5) localize repeating transient sources to high angular precision, requiring a configuration with long baselines, thus requiring collecting area in both a centrally condensed "core" array and sufficient area on long baselines. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Manchester, Nuffield Radio Astron Labs, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RP Cordes, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cordes@astro.cornell.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 83 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 1459 EP 1472 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.038 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800042 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, PN Kellermann, KI Ekers, RD Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW AF Wilkinson, PN Kellermann, KI Ekers, RD Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW TI The exploration of the unknown SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB The Square Kilometre Array is conceived as a telescope which will both test fundamental physical laws and transform our current picture of the Universe. However, the scientific challenges outlined in this book are today's problems will they still be the outstanding problems that will confront astronomers in the period 2020-2050 and beyond, when the SKA will be in its most productive years? If history is any example, the excitement of the SKA will not be in the old questions which are answered, but the new questions that will be raised by the new types of observations it will permit. The SKA is a tool for as-yet-unborn users and there is an onus on its designers to allow for the exploration of the unknown. We outline a philosophy for the design and operation of the SKA that can lead the radio astronomers in the 21st century to add to the many discoveries of new phenomena made by radio astronomers in the 20th century. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Manchester, Nuffield Radio Astron Labs, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wilkinson, PN (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Nuffield Radio Astron Labs, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. EM pnw@jb.man.ac.uk; kkellerm@nrao.edu; ron.ekers@csiro.au; cordes@astro.cornell.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 1551 EP 1563 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2004.09.036 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 885HD UT WOS:000226146800049 ER PT J AU Myers, MC Sethian, JD Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, R Kepple, P Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Friedman, M Jones, TC Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Rose, D AF Myers, MC Sethian, JD Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, R Kepple, P Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Friedman, M Jones, TC Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Rose, D TI Repetitively pulsed, high energy KrF lasers for inertial fusion energy SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM DIODES; AMPLIFIER; EMISSION; PERFORMANCE; OSCILLATOR; DEPOSITION; EXCIMERS; IMPACT; POWER; STAR AB Krypton fluoride (KrF) lasers produce highly uniform beams at 248 nm, allow the capability of 'zooming' the spot size to follow an imploding pellet, naturally assume a modular architecture and have been developed into a pulsed-power-based industrial technology that readily scales to a fusion power plant sized system. There are two main challenges for the fusion power plant application: to develop a system with an overall efficiency of greater than 6% (based on target gains of 100) and to achieve a durability of greater than 3 x 108 shots (two years at 5 Hz). These two issues are being addressed with the Electra (700J, 5 Hz) and Nike (3000J, single shot) KrF lasers at the Naval Research Laboratory. Based on recent advances in pulsed power, electron beam generation and transport, hibachi (foil support structure) design and KrF physics, wall plug efficiencies of greater than 7% should be achievable. Moreover, recent experiments show that it may be possible to realize long lived electron beam diodes using ceramic honeycomb cathodes and anode foils that are convectively cooled by periodically deflecting the laser gas. This paper is a summary of the progress in the development of the critical KrF technologies for laser fusion energy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. JAYCOR, TITAN, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Myers, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM myers2@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 12 BP S247 EP S253 AR PII S0029-5515(04)87334-4 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/12/S16 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 885SJ UT WOS:000226176900017 ER PT J AU Steele, KE Wang, DW AF Steele, KE Wang, DW TI Question of the pitch-roll buoy response to ocean waves as a simple harmonic oscillator? SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pitch roll; buoy; simple harmonic oscillator; directional wave spectra; cross-coupling; Euler equations; response amplitude operator; phase lag; angular velocity AB The assumption that the East and North deck slopes of a pitch-roll buoy respond to East and North sea slopes as simple harmonic oscillators is routinely made by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and others producing directional wave data. Although directional wave data derived with this assumption usually appear to be of good quality, the validity of the assumption has not previously been more directly demonstrated. In this paper, a method is proposed to judge the validity of the assumption for any set of time series records of buoy angular motion. The proposed method is applied to 200 record sets taken by an NDBC buoy located at ocean station 46024, and to five record sets taken by another NDBC buoy at 46051. For the 46024 data, it was demonstrated that the simple harmonic oscillator assumption was near perfectly valid. For the smaller 46051 data set, the simple harmonic oscillator assumption was shown to be slightly less valid. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Steele, KE (reprint author), 255 D E Scen Dr, Pass Christian, MS 39571 USA. EM steelekene@aol.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17-18 BP 2121 EP 2138 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.06.006 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878WF UT WOS:000225677300004 ER PT J AU Campbell, HI Zhang, SJ Greenaway, AH Restaino, S AF Campbell, HI Zhang, SJ Greenaway, AH Restaino, S TI Generalized phase diversity for wave-front sensing SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; RETRIEVAL AB Phase diversity is a phase-retrieval algorithm that uses a pair of intensity images taken symmetrically about the wave front to be determined. If these images are taken about the system input pupil this is equivalent to a curvature-sensing algorithm. Traditionally a defocus aberration kernel is used to produce the phase-diverse data. We present a generalization of this method to allow the use of other functions as the diversity kernel. We discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions that such a function must satisfy for use in a null wave-front sensor. Computer simulations were used to validate these results. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Campbell, HI (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM H.I.Campbell@hw.ac.uk RI Dalgarno, Heather/A-1824-2010 NR 8 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 23 BP 2707 EP 2709 DI 10.1364/OL.29.002707 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 873LC UT WOS:000225280700003 PM 15605479 ER PT J AU Dubik, M AF Dubik, M TI Rethinking well-child care: Lack of standardization at the beginning SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Dubik, M (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1735 EP 1735 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1704 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 875WN UT WOS:000225453000034 PM 15574643 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Kortus, J Pederson, MR Wesolowski, R Haraldsen, JT Musfeldt, JL North, JM Zipse, D Dalal, NS AF Baruah, T Kortus, J Pederson, MR Wesolowski, R Haraldsen, JT Musfeldt, JL North, JM Zipse, D Dalal, NS TI Understanding the electronic structure, optical, and vibrational properties of the Fe8Br8 single-molecule magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NANOMAGNET FE-8; IRON CLUSTER; MAGNETIZATION; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; MN-12-ACETATE; RELAXATION; ANISOTROPY; CRYSTAL; FORCES AB We present the results of our all-electron density functional calculation on the electronic structure and optical properties of [Fe8O2(OH)(12)(C6H15N3)(6)Br-6](2+), the functional building block of the [(C6H15N3)(6)Fe-8(mu(3)-O)(2)(mu(2)-OH)(12)]Br-7(H2O)Br.8H(2)O single-molecule magnet. The calculated results are compared with the experimentally measured optical spectrum, and the primary features of the excitations are assigned. Excellent agreement is obtained. The calculated spin minority gap is 0.23 eV, the spin majority gap is 0.54 eV, and the spin majority to minority gap is 0.15 eV. Notably, the low-energy spin minority gap is not a dipole-allowed excitation. Experimentally, we find that [(C6H15N3)(6)Fe-8(mu(3)-O)(2)(mu(2)-OH)(12)]Br-7(H2O)Br.8H(2)O is a semiconductor, with a dipole-allowed optical gap of approximately 0.6 eV (peak position at similar to0.9 eV) and an additional optically observable electronic excitation centered at 0.4 eV. The latter feature is weak and broad, with superimposed (C-H, N-H, and O-H) vibrational structure. We suggest that the 0.4 eV peak in the optical conductivity may be attributable to the spin majority highest occupied molecular orbital to spin minority lowest unoccupied molecular orbital excitation, activated by inclusion of spin-orbit coupling, which mixes states of different symmetry and spin. Overall, we find that the low-energy excitations are dominated by Fe d-->Fe d interionic excitations and that the dipole-allowed excitations involve antiferromagnetically coupled pairs of Fe ions. At higher energy, the features are primarily due to O p-->Fe d charge transfer transitions. A discussion of the vibrational properties is also included along with an analysis of how the electronic structure results support reduced moments on the minority spin Fe ions. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, 37th & O St, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RI Haraldsen, Jason/B-9809-2012 OI Haraldsen, Jason/0000-0002-8641-5412 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 21 AR 214410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.214410 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884UF UT WOS:000226111400072 ER PT J AU Baud, S Ramseyer, C Bihlmayer, G Blugel, S Barreteau, C Desjonqueres, MC Spanjaard, D Bernstein, N AF Baud, S Ramseyer, C Bihlmayer, G Blugel, S Barreteau, C Desjonqueres, MC Spanjaard, D Bernstein, N TI Comparative study of ab initio and tight-binding electronic structure calculations applied to platinum surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL APPROXIMATIONS; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; PLANE-WAVE METHOD; BROKEN-BOND RULE; TRANSITION-METALS; ALL-ELECTRON; VICINAL SURFACES; PT(110) SURFACE; BRILLOUIN-ZONE AB We have applied the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) ab initio method and the spd tight-binding (TB) model to the calculations of the surface energies E-S(hkl) and relaxations of the three low-index [(111), (100), (110)] surfaces of platinum. The two methods give similar results, and in particular the anisotropy ratios E-S(110)/E-S(111) and E-S(100)/E-S(111) are very close. The calculation of surface energy of reconstructed (1x2) Pt(110) confirms that this face undergoes a missing-row reconstruction and the corresponding structural parameters agree well with experiment. The local densities of states (LDOS) calculated by each of the methods on the flat surfaces are almost the same. We have also investigated the 6(111)x((1) over bar 11) vicinal surface and found a similar agreement for the LDOS. C1 Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, UMR 6624, Mol Phys Lab, F-25030 Besancon, France. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. CEA Saclay, SPCSI, DRECAM, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, UMR 6624, Mol Phys Lab, F-25030 Besancon, France. EM stephanie.baud@univ-fcomte.fr RI Barreteau, Cyrille/E-8704-2012; Bihlmayer, Gustav/G-5279-2013; Blugel, Stefan/J-8323-2013; ramseyer, christophe/B-6651-2013 OI Bihlmayer, Gustav/0000-0002-6615-1122; Blugel, Stefan/0000-0001-9987-4733; NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 23 AR 235423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.235423 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884UL UT WOS:000226112100148 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Struzhkin, VV Hemley, RJ Mao, HK Kendziora, C AF Chen, XJ Struzhkin, VV Hemley, RJ Mao, HK Kendziora, C TI High-pressure phase diagram of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; OXYGEN-CONTENT; DEPENDENCE; GPA; YBA2CU3O7-Y; ANISOTROPY AB We have investigated the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature T-c up to 18 GPa of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals ranging from the highly underdoped through the nearly optimally doped to the highly overdoped level. For all three samples studied, T-c is found to increase initially and then saturate at some critical pressure P-c, but decrease modestly with further increasing pressure. Oxygen doping has a tendency to reduce the increase of T-c and P-c. A high-pressure phase diagram between the saturated T-c and P-c is then obtained. Theoretical interpretation is given by using the competition between the hole carrier density and pairing interaction strength based on the high-pressure transport data of the resistivity and Hall coefficient in this system. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, XJ (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 21 AR 214502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.214502 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884UF UT WOS:000226111400103 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Bernstein, N AF Feldman, JL Bernstein, N TI Vibrational spectroscopy of an amorphous/crystalline sandwich structure for silicon: Numerical results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRUNEISEN PARAMETERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMAL TRANSPORT; DIAMOND STRUCTURE; MODEL; LOCALIZATION; GENERATION AB We study the lattice dynamics of an amorphous/crystalline/silicon sandwich model using the environment-dependent interatomic potential (EDIP). We establish a base line by computing the vibrational properties of the component bulk crystal and bulk amorphous structures, which show reasonable agreement with experiment and with Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential results. We study the confinement of the modes in the different structural regions (crystal, amorphous, and interface). Low-frequency modes have disproportionate weight in the amorphous structure because of its lower shear elastic constants, and there are some narrow frequency bands with confinement of modes to the crystal. We examine the localization properties of modes at different frequencies by computing the inverse participation ratio. We find Anderson-localized modes in the amorphous structure with a mobility edge at a frequency below the maximum crystal vibration frequency. This frequency relation leads to modes that are extended in the crystal but localized or evanescent in the amorphous. We also find evidence for disorder-inducded quasilocalized modes in the crystal near the amorphous/crystal interface. Resonance modes, which appear in the bulk amorphous structure, are not present in the EDIP results for the sandwich structure, although they do exist in the SW results. We discuss the lowest- (nonzero-) frequency modes, which arise from transverse-acoustic vibrations propagating perpendicular to the amorphous/crystal interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 23 AR 235214 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.235214 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884UL UT WOS:000226112100079 ER PT J AU Ling, FS Sikivie, P Wick, S AF Ling, FS Sikivie, P Wick, S TI Diurnal and annual modulation of cold dark matter signals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; INVISIBLE-AXION; COSMIC AXIONS; CP CONSERVATION; SEARCH; HALOS; MASS; COSMOLOGY; UNIVERSE; DENSITY AB We calculate the diurnal and annual modulation of the signals in axion and weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter detectors on Earth caused by a cold flow of dark matter in the solar neighborhood. The effects of the Sun's and the Earth's gravity, and of the orbital and rotational motions of the Earth are included. A cold flow on Earth produces a peak in the spectrum of microwave photons in cavity detectors of dark matter axions, and a plateau in the nuclear recoil energy spectrum in WIMP detectors. Formulas are given for the positions and heights of these peaks and plateaux as a function of time in the course of day and year, including all corrections down to the 0.1% level of precision. The results can be applied to an arbitrary dark matter velocity distribution f(v-->) by integrating the one-flow results over velocities. We apply them to the set of flows predicted by the caustic ring model of the Galactic halo. The caustic ring model predicts the dark matter flux on Earth to be largest in December +/- one month. Nonetheless, because of the role of energy thresholds, the model is consistent with the annual modulation results published by the DAMA Collaboration provided the WIMP mass is larger than approximately 100 GeV. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Serv Phys Theor, Brussels, Belgium. RP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 75 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 AR 123503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.70.123503 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 883ZQ UT WOS:000226054800020 ER PT J AU Davis, J Borisov, AB Rhodes, CK AF Davis, J Borisov, AB Rhodes, CK TI Optimization of power compression and stability of relativistic and ponderomotive self-channeling of 248 nm laser pulses in underdense plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL BEAMS; RADIATION AB The controlled formation in an underdense plasma of stable multi-PW relativistic micrometer-scale channels, which conduct a confined power at 248 nm exceeding 10(4) critical powers and establish a peak channel intensity of similar to10(23) W/cm(2), can be achieved with the use of an appropriate gradient in the electron density in the initial launching phase of the confined propagation. This mode of channel formation optimizes both the power compression and the stability by smoothing the transition from the incident spatial profile to that associated with the lowest channel eigenmode, the dynamically robust structure that governs the confined propagation. A chief outcome is the ability to stably conduct coherent energy at fluences greater than 10(9) J/cm(2). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 066406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.066406 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 887IM UT WOS:000226299200093 PM 15697513 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Comment on "Origin of the excess wing and slow beta relaxation of glass formers: A unified picture of local orientational fluctuations" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter ID COUPLING MODEL; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; EVOLUTION; TRANSITION AB In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 69, 021502 (2004)], Tanaka commented on an old coupling model interpretation of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 1405 (2001)]; namely, that it implies not all molecules contribute to the JG relaxation. In this Comment, I point out to the readers that this old interpretation has been revised in recent publications [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15, S1107 (2003); J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 6865 (2003); J. Chem. Phys. 120, 857 (2004); Macromolecules 37, 8123 (2004)]. In the new interpretation, essentially all molecules contribute to the JG relaxation. Another comment of Tanaka that applies to both the old and the new interpretation is discussed and shown to be of no practical significance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 063501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.063501 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 887IH UT WOS:000226298700090 PM 15697419 ER PT J AU Pawlus, S Casalini, R Roland, CM Paluch, M Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J AF Pawlus, S Casalini, R Roland, CM Paluch, M Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J TI Temperature and volume effects on the change of dynamics in propylene carbonate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; HIGH-PRESSURE; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; VISCOSITY; FRAGILITY AB Dielectric relaxation and PVT measurements were carried out on propylene carbonate. From these, we show that thermal energy exerts a stronger influence than volume on the temperature dependence of the dynamic properties. Data obtained at all temperatures and pressures superimpose, when expressed as a function of T-1V-3.7. The scaling exponent is consistent with more thermally governed dynamics, and can be interpreted as a reflection of the soft nature of the potential. The change of dynamics observed in the conductivity and relaxation data transpires at a fixed value of either quantity, independent of temperature and pressure. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 061501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.061501 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 887IH UT WOS:000226298700039 PM 15697368 ER PT J AU Schelleng, J Monzon, C Loschialpo, PF Forester, DW Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN AF Schelleng, J Monzon, C Loschialpo, PF Forester, DW Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN TI Characteristics of waves guided by a grounded "left-handed" material slab of finite extent SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PERMITTIVITY; METAMATERIAL; PERMEABILITY; REFRACTION; INDEX AB The properties of waves guided by a plane-parallel finite slab of material having an ideal, homogeneous, and causal permittivity epsilon(f), and permeability mu(f), are investigated analytically and numerically through simulations done via a finite difference time domain (FDTD) code. Lorentzian functional forms are chosen for epsilon(f) and mu(f). Wave guidance is examined for frequency ranges where the material in the slab is in the left-handed material (LHM) regime, i.e., the real parts of epsilon(f) and mu(f) are negative. It is shown that for reasonably thin slabs, and unlike ordinary materials, there is a unique power recirculation or feedback mechanism wherein the fields in the vicinity of the slab exchange power across the free-space/LHM slab interface. Within the LHM slab, the power travels backwards towards the source. This results in significant but bounded energy accumulation near the edge of the slab closest to the source. The energy exchange across the slab interface is necessary in order to sustain the resulting backward wave in the slab. Slabs thicker than a wavelength are also analyzed, leading to a reversal of the power loop description. The agreement between analytical and numerical results is excellent. They confirm the guided wave physics of a LHM slab. C1 SFA NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schelleng, J (reprint author), SFA NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 066606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.066606 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 887IM UT WOS:000226299200105 PM 15697525 ER PT J AU Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Ray, PS Crane, PC Hicks, BC Stewart, KP Cohen, AS Lane, WM AF Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Ray, PS Crane, PC Hicks, BC Stewart, KP Cohen, AS Lane, WM TI The low-frequency array (LOFAR): opening a new window on the universe SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG DE radio interferometry; low-frequency radio astronomy; solar radio science; planetory radio science; radio science; planetory and space science AB We present an overview of the low-frequency array (LOFAR) that will open a window on one of the last and most poorly explored regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. LOFAR will be a large (baselines up to 400 km), low-frequency (v 10-240 MHz) aperture synthesis array with large collecting area (similar to10(6) m(2) at 15 MHz) and high resolution (similar to1.5" at 100 MHz), and will provide sub-mJy sensitivity across much of its operating range. LOFAR will be a powerful instrument for solar system and planetary science applications as reviewed by papers in this monogram. Key astrophysical science drivers include acceleration, turbulence, and propagation in the galactic interstellar medium, exploring the high red-shift universe and transient phenomena, as well as searching for the red-shifted signature of neutral hydrogen from the cosmologically important epoch of re-ionization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kassim, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7313, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 1343 EP 1349 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.013 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880RU UT WOS:000225807700002 ER PT J AU Stewart, KP Hicks, BC Ray, PS Crane, PC Kassim, NE Bradley, RF Erickson, WC AF Stewart, KP Hicks, BC Ray, PS Crane, PC Kassim, NE Bradley, RF Erickson, WC TI LOFAR antenna development and initial observations of solar bursts SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG DE LOFAR; solar radio astronomy; HF; VHF; antennas AB We are developing and testing active baluns and electrically short dipoles for possible use as the primary wide band receiving elements in the low-frequency array (LOFAR) for long wavelength radio astronomy. Several dipoles of various designs and dimensions have been built and tested. Their useful range occurs when the dipole arms are approximately 1/8 to one wavelength long and the feedpoint is less than 1/2 wavelength above ground. An eight-element NRL LOFAR test array (NLTA) interferometer has been built and fringes have been observed from the brightest celestial sources in the frequency range from 10 to 50 MHz. The antenna temperatures vary from about 10% to 100% of the average brightness temperature of the galactic background. With these parameters it is easy to make the amplifier noise levels low enough that final system temperature is dominated by the galactic background. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA USA. Bruny Isl Radio Spectrometer, Kingston, Tas 7150, Australia. RP Stewart, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7218,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ken.stewart@nrl.navy.mil OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 1351 EP 1355 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.014 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880RU UT WOS:000225807700003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, P AF Rodriguez, P TI Solar radar astronomy with the low-frequency array SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG DE solar radar; coronal mass ejection; radar cross-section ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; PLASMA THEORY; RADIO ECHOES; SUN; WIND; SCATTERING; WAVES; MODEL AB Initial studies of the Sun's corona using a solar radar were done in the 1960s and provided measurements of the Sun's radar cross-section at about 38 MHz. These initial measurements were done at a time when the large-scale phenomenon known as a coronal mass ejection was unknown; however, these data suggest that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) may have been detected but were unrecognized. That solar radar facility, which was located at El Campo, TX, no longer exists. New solar radar investigations are motivated by our modern understanding of CMEs and their effects on the Earth. A radar echo from an Earthward-directed coronal mass ejection may be expected to have a frequency shift proportional to velocity; thus providing a good estimate of arrival time at Earth and the possible occurrence of geomagnetic storms. Solar radar measurements may also provide new information on electron densities in the corona. The frequencies of interest for solar radars fall in the range of about 10-100 MHz, corresponding to the lower range planned for the low-frequency array. In combination with existing or new high-power transmitters, it is possible to use the low-frequency array to re-initiate radar studies of the Sun's corona. In this report, we review the basic requirements of solar radars, as developed in past studies and as proposed for future investigations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Transmiss Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Transmiss Technol Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.rodriguez@nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 1391 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.008 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880RU UT WOS:000225807700007 ER PT J AU Farrell, WM Lazio, TJW Zarka, P Bastian, TJ Desch, MD Ryabov, BP AF Farrell, WM Lazio, TJW Zarka, P Bastian, TJ Desch, MD Ryabov, BP TI The radio search for extrasolar planets with LOFAR SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EGS, AGU, EUG ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; JUPITERS DECAMETRIC EMISSION; IO; RECONNECTION AB The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) will come on line with unprecedented radio sensitivity and resolution between 10 and 240 MHz. Such a system will provide a factor of 10-30 improvement in sensitivity in the pursuit of the weak radio emission from extrasolar planets. To date, previous examinations of extrasolar planetary systems with the most advanced radio telescopes have yielded a negative result. However, the improvement in sensitivity by LOFAR over current systems will increase the likelihood of extrasolar planet detection in the radio. We apply radiometric models derived previously from the study of planets in our solar system to the known extrasolar planets, and demonstrate that approximately 3-5 of them should emit in the proper frequency range and with enough power to possibly become detectable at Earth with LOFAR. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Inst Radio Astron, UA-310002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Farrell, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013 NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 15 BP 1469 EP 1478 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.018 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880RU UT WOS:000225807700014 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Olson, RE Bliss, DE Lemke, RW Olson, CL Ruiz, CL Mock, RC Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Cuneo, ME Leeper, RJ Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA Slutz, SA Stygar, WA Peterson, DL Chrien, RE Watt, RG Roderick, NF Cooper, GW Apruzese, JP Sarkisov, GS Chittenden, JP Haines, MG AF Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Olson, RE Bliss, DE Lemke, RW Olson, CL Ruiz, CL Mock, RC Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Cuneo, ME Leeper, RJ Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA Slutz, SA Stygar, WA Peterson, DL Chrien, RE Watt, RG Roderick, NF Cooper, GW Apruzese, JP Sarkisov, GS Chittenden, JP Haines, MG TI Progress in z-pinch driven dynamic-hohlraums for high-temperature radiation-flow and ICF experiments at Sandia National Laboratories SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st European-Physical-Society Conference on Plasma Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND SP European Phys Soc ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; X-RAY SOURCE; INERTIAL FUSION; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; RELEVANT HOHLRAUMS; WIRE; POWER; IGNITION; FACILITY; SINGLE AB Progress in understanding the physics of dynamic-hohlraums is reviewed for a system capable of generating 13 TW of axial radiation for high temperature (>200 eV) radiation-flow experiments and ICF capsule implosions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 SU 12B SI SI BP B423 EP B433 AR PII S0741-3335(04)85296-5 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/12B/036 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894QI UT WOS:000226806300038 ER PT J AU Dendy, R AF Dendy, R TI 31st European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics - Preface SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Garching, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. FOM, Inst Plasmafys, Rijnhuizen, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Ecole Royale Militaire, Koninklijke Militaire Sch, Brussels, Belgium. Tech Univ Eindhoven, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ist Fis Plasma, Milan, Italy. Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. Ecole Polytech, Palaiseau, France. Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. CEA Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, Austria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 SU 12B SI SI PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894QI UT WOS:000226806300001 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI The 9/11 commission report: Final report of the national commission on terrorist attacks upon the United States SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 4 BP 683 EP 684 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 881VM UT WOS:000225897500010 ER PT J AU Price, A Gary, B Bedient, J Cook, L Templeton, M Pullen, C Starkey, D Crawford, T Corlan, R Dvorak, S Graham, K Huziak, R James, R Messier, D Quinn, N Boyd, D Blackwell, J Walker, G Mattei, M Rodriguez, D Simonsen, M Henden, A Vanmunster, T Garnavich, P Pittichova, J Matheson, T Challis, P Kirshner, RP Adams, E Harrison, T Koppelman, MD Sarty, GE Mais, DE AF Price, A Gary, B Bedient, J Cook, L Templeton, M Pullen, C Starkey, D Crawford, T Corlan, R Dvorak, S Graham, K Huziak, R James, R Messier, D Quinn, N Boyd, D Blackwell, J Walker, G Mattei, M Rodriguez, D Simonsen, M Henden, A Vanmunster, T Garnavich, P Pittichova, J Matheson, T Challis, P Kirshner, RP Adams, E Harrison, T Koppelman, MD Sarty, GE Mais, DE TI A new cataclysmic variable in Hercules SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID STANDARD STARS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB We present time-series observations, spectra, and archival outburst data of a newly discovered variable star in Hercules, Var Her 04. Its orbital period, mass ratio, and outburst amplitude resemble those of the ugwz-type subclass of ugsu dwarf novae. However, its supercycle and outburst light curve defy classification as a clear ugwz. Var Her 04 is most similar to the small group of possible hydrogen-burning "period bouncers," dwarf novae that have passed beyond the period minimum and returned. C1 Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Clinton B Ford Astron Data & Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys Belgium, B-3401 Landen, Belgium. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada. Palomar Coll, Dept Astron, San Marcos, CA 92069 USA. RP Price, A (reprint author), Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Clinton B Ford Astron Data & Res Ctr, 25 Birch St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aavso@aavso.org; aah@nofs.navy.mil; Tonny.Vanmunster@cbabelgium.com; pgarnavi@miranda.phys.nd.edu; jana@ifa.hawaii.edu; tmatheson@cfa.harvard.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard.edu; rkirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; eadams@cfa.harvard.edu; tharriso@nmsu.edu; michael@aps.umn.edu; gordon.sarty@usask.ca; dmais@ligand.com OI Sarty, Gordon/0000-0001-5516-7869; Cook, Lewis/0000-0003-3332-9649 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 116 IS 826 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.1086/427272 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 876NP UT WOS:000225504100005 ER PT J AU Strifas, N Yalamanchili, P Christou, A AF Strifas, N Yalamanchili, P Christou, A TI Reliability model for polyimide-metal interconnect shorts in GaAs ASICs SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE polyimide-metal interconnects; time-to-failure; interlayer shorts; ASICs AB A physical reliability model has been developed to calculate the time to failure of polyimide-metal multilevel interconnected GaAs components due to the shorts between interconnect metallizations through a polyimide interlayer. The failure mechanism for the shorts between neighboring metals through the polyimide is described as a stress-assisted diffusion process along a polyimide microcrack due to the combination of process defect and high thermal stress concentration. The finite element method has been used to determine the temperature increase during operation and the resulting thermal stress due to the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the materials used in the multilevel metallization GaAs module of devices. Numerical methods have been used to solve the partial differential diffusion equations with stress gradients in order to obtain the time to failure of the devices. The time to failure for the shorts between metal level 4 and metal 2 at 123 degreesC operating temperature was calculated to be 20 h for the conditions analyzed. The activation energy for the failure of the shorts between two level metals was calculated to be 0.48 eV Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Christou, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gaas@eng.umd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 8 BP 747 EP 759 DI 10.1002/qre.598 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 883TU UT WOS:000226039400003 ER PT J AU Pan, D Marks, RA Dutta, I Mahajan, R Jadhav, SG AF Pan, D Marks, RA Dutta, I Mahajan, R Jadhav, SG TI Miniaturized impression creep testing of ball grid array solder balls attached to microelectronic packaging substrates SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID JOINTS; ALLOY; LEAD; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; PB; STRENGTH AB This article reports on the design and implementation of a miniaturized impression creep apparatus for characterizing the creep behavior of tiny solder balls attached to a ball grid array (BGA) microelectronic packaging substrate. The technique requires no special sample preparation, can probe individual solder balls, and proffers high data throughput by allowing numerous creep curves to be obtained from one substrate, as well as by minimizing the time required to achieve steady state creep. The apparatus reported here uses a 100-mum-diameter cylindrical WC punch to characterize the creep behavior of 750-mum-diameter BGA solder balls from ambient temperature to 423 K. A video imaging system facilitates precise alignment and placement of the indenter on the specimen at the test temperature. The possible effect of substrate curvature on the experimental solder creep curves was evaluated and was deemed to be insignificant. Example creep curves and data based on 90Pb-10Sn BGA solder balls are presented. The test is further scalable for testing of smaller flip-chip joints, using a smaller punch. The present work reports on the implementation of impression creep for testing nonbulk specimens. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Pan, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 12 BP 5244 EP 5252 DI 10.1063/1.1821626 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 876FX UT WOS:000225483100030 ER PT J AU Skufca, JD AF Skufca, JD TI Analysis still matters: A surprising instance of failure of Runge-Kutta-Felberg ODE solvers SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Runge-Kutta-Felberg (RKF); numerical instability; chaos; numerical chaos AB This paper provides a nice example to illustrate that without supporting analysis, a numerical simulation may lead to incorrect conclusions. We explore a pedagogical example of failure of Runge-Kutta Felberg (RKF) algorithms for a simple dynamical system that models the coupling of two oscillators. Although the system appears to be well-behaved, the explicit RKF solvers provide erratic numerical solutions. The mode of failure is based in a period-doubling route to chaos due to the existence of stable linear solutions in the problem. C1 Univ Maryland, AMSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Skufca, JD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, AMSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM skufca@usna.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.1137/S003614450342911x PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 873TP UT WOS:000225304300011 ER PT J AU Colton, JS Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Miller, JB Gammon, D AF Colton, JS Kennedy, TA Bracker, AS Miller, JB Gammon, D TI Dependence of optically oriented and detected electron spin resonance on donor concentration in n-GaAs SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE donors; GaAs; optical; spin resonance AB Electron spin resonance of donors in GaAs has been observed through optical orientation and detection of spins. GaAs samples doped below the metal-insulator transition were studied. The resonance linewidth increases as the concentration of donors is reduced, due to the dependence of the T-2* spin lifetime on correlation effects between donor electrons. The linewidth of the lowest doped sample (3 X 10(14) cm(-3))corresponds to a T2(*) of 5 ns, which is the value predicted for electrons in the noninteracting, localized limit. The nuclei need to be simultaneously depolarized in order to make the electron resonance observable. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM coltonjohn@uwlax.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 132 IS 9 BP 613 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.08.039 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867UJ UT WOS:000224867700007 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, LCDRY AF Aboul-Enein, LCDRY TI The 9/11 investigations: Staff reports of the 9/11 commission SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Aboul-Enein, LCDRY (reprint author), USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD WIN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 862 EP 863 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 887UO UT WOS:000226331200015 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, LCDRY AF Aboul-Enein, LCDRY TI Finishing business: 10 steps to defeat global terror SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Aboul-Enein, LCDRY (reprint author), USN, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD WIN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 863 EP 864 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 887UO UT WOS:000226331200016 ER PT J AU Shykoff, BE Petryszyn, JD AF Shykoff, BE Petryszyn, JD TI Stability of pulmonary function in US navy divers. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSING-CAPACITY; DECLINE; SMOKING C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. RP Shykoff, BE (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 385 EP 386 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 884IA UT WOS:000226076900001 PM 15686269 ER PT J AU Vann, RD Gerth, WA Denoble, PJ Pieper, CF Thalmann, ED AF Vann, RD Gerth, WA Denoble, PJ Pieper, CF Thalmann, ED TI Experimental trials to assess the risks of decompression sickness in flying after diving. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BUBBLES; GAS; AIR AB We conducted experimental trials of flying after diving using profiles near the no-decompression exposure limits for recreational diving. The objective was to determine the dependence of DCS occurrence during or after flight on the length of the preflight surface intervals (PFSI). One to three dives were conducted during a single day with dry, resting subjects in a hyperbaric chamber at depths of 40, 60, or 100 fsw (224, 286, 408 kPa). The dives were followed by PFSI of 3 to 17 hrs and a four-hour altitude exposure at 8,000 ft (75 kPa), the maximum permitted cabin altitude for pressurized commercial aircraft. Forty DCS incidents occurred during or after flight in 802 exposures of 495 subjects. The DCS incidence decreased as PFSI increased, and repetitive dives generally required longer PFSI to achieve low incidence than did single dives (p=0.0159). No DCS occurred in 52 trials of a 17 hr PFSI, the longest PFSI tested. The results provide empirical information for formulating guidelines for flying in commercial aircraft after recreational diving. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Ctr Hyperbar Med & Environm Physiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Aging,Div Biostat, Dept Community & Family Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Vann, RD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 431 EP 444 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 884IA UT WOS:000226076900006 PM 15686274 ER PT J AU Lait, LR Newman, PA Schoeberl, MR McGee, T Twigg, L Browell, EV Fenn, MA Grant, WB Butler, CF Bevilacqua, R Davies, J DeBacker, H Andersen, SB Kyro, E Kivi, R von der Gathen, P Claude, H Benesova, A Skrivankova, P Dorokhov, V Zaitcev, I Braathen, G Gil, M Litynska, Z Moore, D Gerding, M AF Lait, LR Newman, PA Schoeberl, MR McGee, T Twigg, L Browell, EV Fenn, MA Grant, WB Butler, CF Bevilacqua, R Davies, J DeBacker, H Andersen, SB Kyro, E Kivi, R von der Gathen, P Claude, H Benesova, A Skrivankova, P Dorokhov, V Zaitcev, I Braathen, G Gil, M Litynska, Z Moore, D Gerding, M TI Non-coincident inter-instrument comparisons of ozone measurements using quasi-conservative coordinates SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT; FIELDS; TRENDS; ER-2; AIR AB Ozone measurements from ozonesondes, AROTAL, DIAL, and POAM III instruments during the SOLVE-2/VINTERSOL period are composited in a time-varying, flow-following quasi-conservative (PV-theta) coordinate space; the resulting composites from each instrument are mapped onto the other instruments' locations and times. The mapped data are then used to intercompare data from the different instruments. Overall, the four ozone data sets are found to be in good agreement. AROTAL shows somewhat lower values below 16 km, and DIAL has a positive bias at the upper limits of its altitude range. These intercomparisons are consistent with those obtained from more conventional near-coincident profiles, where available. Although the PV-theta mapping technique entails larger uncertainties of individual profile differences compared to direct near-coincident comparisons, the ability to include much larger numbers of comparisons can make this technique advantageous. C1 Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA USA. SUNARC, San Francisco, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. Deutsch Wetterdienst Meteorol Observ, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia. Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway. Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain. Inst Meteorol & Water Management, Legionowo, Poland. UK Meteorol Off, Wokingham, Berks, England. Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. RP Lait, LR (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM lait@code916.gsfc.nasa.gov RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Grant, William/B-8311-2009; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; andersen, signe/C-4809-2013 OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Grant, William/0000-0002-1439-3285; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; andersen, signe/0000-0002-8216-0141 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 2345 EP 2352 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 875GM UT WOS:000225408300002 ER PT J AU Waltz, J AF Waltz, J TI Microfluidics simulation using adaptive unstructured grids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE incompressible flows; unstructured grids; microfluidics; MEMS ID ANISOTROPIC MESH ADAPTATION; EULER EQUATIONS; FLOWS; REFINEMENT; SCHEME AB A methodology for microfluidics simulation is presented. The methodology solves the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with an adaptive unstructured Finite Element method. A semi-implicit Fractional Step procedure is used for time integration. The entire methodology has been parallelized for shared-memory architectures via an algebraic domain decomposition. Results from both verification problems and prototypical applications are included. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Waltz, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T086, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwaltz@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 46 IS 9 BP 939 EP 960 DI 10.1002/fld.753 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 869PL UT WOS:000224996400003 ER PT J AU Furis, M Barrick, T Robbins, P Crooker, SA Petruska, M Klimov, V Efros, AL AF Furis, M Barrick, T Robbins, P Crooker, SA Petruska, M Klimov, V Efros, AL TI Exciton spin states in nanocrystal quantum dots revealed by spin-polarized resonant photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL HO Florida State Univ, NHMFL DE CdSe nanocrystals; photoluminescence; line-narrowing; Zeeman splitting ID DARK-EXCITON AB We performed spin-polarized resonant Raman and resonant photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (also known as "fluorescence line narrowing") on ZnS-capped CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots in high magnetic fields to 33 Tesla and temperatures down to 1.7K, which allows detailed investigation of the excitonic spin states. In these experiments, spin-polarized electrons and holes are resonantly injected by circularly polarized light into colloidal quantum dots of specific size, using a narrowband tunable dye laser and a fiber-coupled probe that is specially-designed for use in high-field magnets. In addition to the expected broad features associated with excitonic recombination and Raman-like peaks associated with quantized acoustic phonons, the photoluminescence spectra measured at magnetic fields larger than 10 Tesla develop a sharp peak, which moves roughly linearly with applied magnetic field. Further, the energy of this high-field peak varies systematically as a function of nanocrystal size. However, unlike typical electron spin flip transitions, the mode energy extrapolates to a finite value at zero magnetic field, suggesting the existence of an additional size-dependent exchange mechanism. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furis, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mfuris@lanl.gov RI Furis, Madalina/F-8090-2015 OI Furis, Madalina/0000-0001-9007-5492 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 27-29 BP 3769 EP 3774 DI 10.1142/S0217979204027438 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 899JH UT WOS:000227140200061 ER PT J AU Ding, YF Novikov, VN Sokolov, AP Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Ding, YF Novikov, VN Sokolov, AP Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Observation of chain dynamics in depolarized light scattering spectra of polymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; GLASS-TRANSITION; RELAXATION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); TEMPERATURE; MOLECULE; LIQUIDS; LENGTH AB A theoretical model for the chain modes' contribution to the depolarized light scattering (DLS) spectrum of polymers is developed. It is shown that the frequency dependence of the DLS susceptibility spectrum is similar to that of the shear loss modulus. Specifically, the contribution of chain modes to the DLS spectrum is composed of a series of Lorentzians (single-exponential processes) having the same amplitude. The relaxation time associated with each mode follows the Rouse prediction, but with a value equal to one-half the mechanical Rouse time. DLS spectra of poly(dimethylsiloxane) melts with different molecular weights have been analyzed in the framework of the model. Reasonable agreement on both qualitative and quantitative levels is observed. In particular, the relaxation time of the longest Rouse mode extracted from DLS spectra is consistent with that from viscosity measurements. C1 Russian Acad Sci, IA&E, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sokolov, AP (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alexei@uakron.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 24 BP 9273 EP 9278 DI 10.1021/ma048718c PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 874SX UT WOS:000225371200058 ER PT J AU Cassimatis, NL Trafton, JG Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC AF Cassimatis, NL Trafton, JG Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC TI Integrating cognition, perception and action through metal simulation in robots SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Symposium of the American-Association-for-Artificial-Intelligence CY MAR 22-24, 2004 CL Palo Alto, CA SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence DE cognitive robotics; knowledge representation; cognitive models AB We argue that many problems in robotics arise from the difficulty of integrating multiple knowledge representation and inference techniques. We describe an architecture that integrates disparate reasoning, planning, sensation and mobility algorithms by composing them from strategies for managing mental simulations. Since simulations are conducted by modules that include high-level knowledge representation and inference techniques in addition to algorithms for sensation and reactive mobility, cognition, perception and action are continually integrated. An implemented robot using this framework in object-tacking and human-robot interaction tasks demonstrates that knowledge representation and inference techniques enable more complex and flexible robot behavior. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cassimatis, NL (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM cassin@rpi.edu; trafton@itd.nrl.navy.mil; magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2004.07.014 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA 872BA UT WOS:000225179500003 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG TI The quantum efficiency of dispenser photocathodes: Comparison of theory to experiment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER PULSES; PHOTOEMISSION; EMISSION; CATHODE AB The quantum efficiency (QE) characteristics of commercially available dispenser cathodes were measured, giving QEs of (for Scandate) 6.5x10(-5), 2.0x10(-4), and 8.0x10(-4), and (for M-type) 3.0x10(-4), 1.4x10(-3), and 2.6x10(-3), for wavelengths of 532, 355, and 266 nm, respectively, corresponding to harmonics of an Nd:YAG laser. A time-dependent photoemission model was developed to analyze the data, as well as dispenser and metal photocathode data in the literature, and quantitatively good agreement is found, demonstrating the utility of the code as a predictive estimator of performance. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6840, Washington, DC USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 22 BP 5448 EP 5450 DI 10.1063/1.1827936 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876GC UT WOS:000225483700107 ER PT J AU Lin, HJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Kelly, J Ma, W AF Lin, HJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Kelly, J Ma, W TI Neural stem cell differentiation in a cell-collagen-bioreactor culture system SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cell aggregate; neural stem cell; differentiation; 3D collagen; rotating wall vessel ID WALL VESSEL BIOREACTOR; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TISSUE; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION; MICROGRAVITY; EXPANSION; RECEPTOR; GELS AB Neural stem cells and neural progenitors (NSCs/NPs) are capable of self-renewal and can give rise to both neurons and glia. Such cells have been isolated from the embryonic brain and immobilized in three dimensional collagen gels. The collagen-entrapped NSCs/NPs recapitulate CNS stem cell development and form functional synapses and neuronal circuits. However, the cell-collagen constructs from static conditions contain hypoxic, necrotic cores and the cells are short-lived. In the present study, NSCs/NPs isolated from embryonic day 13 rat cortical neuroepithelium are immobilized in type 1 collagen gels and cultured in NASA-designed rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors for up to 9 weeks. Initially, during the first 2 weeks of culture, a lag phase of cellular growth and differentiation is observed in the RWV bioreactors. Accelerated growth and differentiation, with the cells beginning to form large aggregates (similar to1 mm in diameter) without death cores, begins during the third week. The collagen-entrapped NSCs/NPs cultured in RWV show active neuronal generation followed by astrocyte production. After 6 weeks in rotary culture, the cell-collagen constructs contain over 10 fold greater nestin(+) and GFAP(+) cells and two-fold more TuJ1 gene expression than those found in static cultures. In addition, TuJ1(+) neurons in RWV culture give rise to extensive neurite outgrowth and considerably more synapsin 1(+) pre-synaptic puncta surrounding MAP2(+) cell bodies and dendrites. These results strongly suggest that the cell-collagen-bioreactor culture system supports long-term NSC/NP growth and differentiation, and RWV bioreactors can be useful in generating neural tissue like constructs, which may have the potential for cell replacement therapy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 153 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.08.010 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 876BX UT WOS:000225471700002 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chling, SY Yu, R Berger, PR Thompson, PE AF Jin, N Chling, SY Yu, R Berger, PR Thompson, PE TI Improved vertically stacked Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode pair with small peak voltage shift and unequal peak currents SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOGIC AB A vertically integrated and serially connected npnp Si-based resonant interband tunnelling diode (RITD) pair is realised with low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) by monolithically stacking two RITDs with different spacer thicknesses. The asymmetric design manifests as unequal peak current densities that provide for much larger and uniform separation of the holding states for multi-valued logic. A delta-doped backwards diode connects the two serially connected RITDs with a very small series resistance. The I-V characteristic of the improved vertically integrated RITDs demonstrates two negative differential resistance (NDR) regions in the forward biasing condition with a small peak shift and unequal peak currents. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 24 BP 1548 EP 1550 DI 10.1049/el:20046078 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 878ZF UT WOS:000225685500025 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Kushmerick, JG Pollack, SK Yang, JC Moore, M Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR AF Blum, AS Kushmerick, JG Pollack, SK Yang, JC Moore, M Naciri, J Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR TI Charge transport and scaling in molecular wires SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; METAL JUNCTIONS; CONDUCTIVITY; FILMS AB The scaling of conductance across metal-molecule-metal junctions consisting of self-assembled monolayers of dithiol molecular wire candidates is demonstrated through current-voltage measurements carried out by two experimental techniques. We show that scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on single molecules are correlated with crossed-wire measurements of similar to10(3) molecules. This implies that the conductance through a group of parallel molecules is a linear superposition of the individual molecular conductance. Our results also indicate that intermolecular charge hopping does not strongly contribute to charge transport in a self-assembled monolayer, an important factor for the design of future molecular-based devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 47 BP 18124 EP 18128 DI 10.1021/jp0480854 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 872SC UT WOS:000225227700004 ER PT J AU Lin, HJ Shaffer, KM Sun, ZR Jay, G He, WW Ma, W AF Lin, HJ Shaffer, KM Sun, ZR Jay, G He, WW Ma, W TI AF1q, a differentially expressed gene during neuronal differentiation, transforms HEK cells into neuron-like cells SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gene expression; neurogenesis; AF1q; transfection; HEK; TuJ1 ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; LEUKEMIA; DISPLAY; MLL AB Three cell groups, neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) dissociated from the embryonic day 11 (E11) rodent cerebral cortex, expanded NS/PC cultures, and cultured neurons from E15, were used to conduct a genomic study with differential display (DD). The mouse Af1q, homologue of human AF1q, was found to be significantly up-regulated during the neuronal production from NS/PCs. The ectopic expression of human AF1q triggered the expression of the neuronal marker TuJ1 in non-neuronal human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OriGene Technol Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lin, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Jay, Gregory/0000-0003-1517-8488 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.07.022 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 875LG UT WOS:000225421100016 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Congdon, J Snow, AW Ancona, MG AF Foos, EE Congdon, J Snow, AW Ancona, MG TI Self-assembly of trioxyethylene-encapsulated gold nanoclusters under aqueous conditions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED METAL-CLUSTERS; COLLOID SCIENCE; DNA; AU; MICROELECTRONICS; NANOPARTICLES; CONSTRUCTION; MULTILAYERS; SURFACES; ENSEMBLE AB The aqueous self-assembly of methyl-terminated tri(oxyethylene)thiol-encapsulated gold nanoclusters of varying core size is demonstrated on micrometer scale Au/SiO2 interdigital electrodes. This self-assembly process consists of alternate exposures of the substrate to solutions of either an alpha,omega-dithiol or the gold nanoclusters, resulting in the deposition of these materials onto the electrode surface. A comparison of the procedure in both H2O and CHCl3 solvents shows that the assembly, as monitored by the electrical conductivity of the device, occurs more rapidly in the H2O system. This observation is complimented by XPS and UV/Vis measurements, which show that (1) the increased current is due to an increased amount of gold deposited on the surface under aqueous conditions and (2) the thiol exchange reaction occurs more rapidly in H2O in comparison to CHCl3. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 23 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 24 BP 10657 EP 10662 DI 10.1021/la0497043 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 872KZ UT WOS:000225207400041 PM 15544398 ER PT J AU Roy, RS Karle, IL Raghothama, S Balaram, P AF Roy, RS Karle, IL Raghothama, S Balaram, P TI alpha,beta hybrid peptides: A polypeptide helix with a central segment containing two consecutive beta-amino acid residues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alpha/beta-helix; C-14 hydrogen bond; C-15 hydrogen bond; alpha beta beta segment; beta beta alpha segment ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; OME AB Conformational studies on the synthetic 11-aa peptide t-butoxy-carbonyl (Boc)-Val-Ala-Phe-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-(R)-beta(3)-homovaline (betaVal)-(S)-beta(3)-homophenylalanine (betaPhe)-Aib-Val-Ala-Phe-Aib-methyl ester (OMe) (peptide 1; betaVal and betaPhe are beta amino acids generated by homologation of the corresponding L-residues) establish that insertion of two consecutive beta residues into a polypeptide helix can be accomplished without significant structural distortion. Crystal-structure analysis reveals a continuous helical conformation encompassing the segment of residues 2-10 of peptide 1. At the site of insertion of the 130 segment, helical hydrogen-bonded rings are expanded. A C-15 hydrogen bond for the alphabetabeta segment and two C-14 hydrogen bonds for the alphaalphabeta or betaalphaalpha segments have been characterized. The following conformational angles were determined from the crystal structure for the beta residues: betaVal-5 (phi = -126degrees, theta = 76degrees, and psi = -124) and betaPhe-6 (phi = -88degrees, theta = 80degrees, and psi = -118). The N terminus of the peptide is partially unfolded in crystals. The 500-MHz H-1-NMR studies establish a continuous helix over the entire length of the peptide in CDCl3 solution, as evidenced by diagnostic nuclear Overhauser effects. The presence of seven intramolecular hydrogen bonds is also established by using solvent dependence of NH chemical shifts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Sophisticated Instruments Facil, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nri.navy.mil; pb@mbu.iisc.ernet.in FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM030902, GM30902, R37 GM030902] NR 14 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 47 BP 16478 EP 16482 DI 10.1073/pnas.0407557101 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 874JT UT WOS:000225347400020 PM 15546995 ER PT J AU Jarvis, MJ Cruz, MJ Cohen, AS Rottgering, HJA Kassim, NE AF Jarvis, MJ Cruz, MJ Cohen, AS Rottgering, HJA Kassim, NE TI Near-infrared K-band imaging of a sample of ultra-steep-spectrum radio sources selected at 74 MHz SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies ID 7C REDSHIFT SURVEY; FIND OBJECTS; ABSORBING HALOES; STAR-FORMATION; SKY SURVEY; GALAXIES; Z-GREATER-THAN-4; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTOCLUSTER AB In this paper we present near-infrared K-band imaging of a sample of ultra-steep-spectrum (USS) radio sources selected at 74 MHz. The dual selection criteria of low frequency and USS mean that we should be sensitive to the highest-redshift (z > 5) radio galaxies. We have obtained K-band magnitudes for all of the objects in our sample of 26 and discuss the properties of each. There is a pronounced bias in this sample towards fainter magnitudes and thus higher redshifts when compared to complete unfiltered samples such as the 7CRS of Willott et al., implying that the steep-spectrum technique is still viable at 74 MHz. However, there are more bright (K < 17) sources in the 74-MHz sample than in a similar sample selected at 151 MHz, namely 6C*. This is principally due to the additional selection criterion of a small angular size for the radio sources in 6C*; four of the six sources in the 74-MHz USS sample with K < 17 have angular sizes > 15 arcsec (the angular size cut-off of 6C*). We find that the distribution of K-band magnitudes from a sample selected at 74 MHz is statistically indistinguishable from the 6C* sample, when similar angular size filtering is applied to the 74-MHz sample. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, Oort Gebouw, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Jarvis, MJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM mjj@astro.ox.ac.uk NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2004 VL 355 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08278.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870MQ UT WOS:000225061700005 ER PT J AU Dzhioev, RI Kavokin, KV Korenev, VL Lazarev, MV Poletaev, NK Zakharchenya, BP Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Bracker, AS Ware, ME AF Dzhioev, RI Kavokin, KV Korenev, VL Lazarev, MV Poletaev, NK Zakharchenya, BP Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Bracker, AS Ware, ME TI Suppression of Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation in high-mobility n-GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a large and unexpected suppression of the free electron spin-relaxation in lightly doped n-GaAs bulk crystals. The spin-relaxation rate shows a weak mobility dependence and saturates at a level 30 times less than that predicted by the Dyakonov-Perel theory. The dynamics of the spin-orbit field differs substantially from the usual scheme: although all the experimental data can be self-consistently interpreted as a precessional spin-relaxation induced by a random spin-orbit field, the correlation time of this random field, surprisingly, is much shorter than, and is independent of, the momentum relaxation time determined from transport measurements. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korenev, VL (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM korenev@orient.ioffe.rssi.ru RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Kavokin, Kirill/I-7736-2013; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014; Poletaev, Nikolay/F-3631-2014 OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; Kavokin, Kirill/0000-0002-0047-5706; NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 21 AR 216402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.216402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 872PU UT WOS:000225220500054 PM 15601037 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Hammett, M Philbin, N Rice, J Dong, F Flournoy, S Pearce, B McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Arnaud, F Hammett, M Philbin, N Rice, J Dong, F Flournoy, S Pearce, B McCarron, R Freilich, D TI Coagulation and resuscitation patterns following transfusion with polymerized hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC-201) after severe hemorrhage in swine SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Hematomimet, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 2704 BP 738A EP 738A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127502705 ER PT J AU Kim, W Palilis, LC Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Kim, W Palilis, LC Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH TI Efficient silole-based organic light-emitting diodes using high conductivity polymer anodes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ELECTRON INJECTION; CONJUGATED POLYMER; DERIVATIVES; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE); EMISSION AB High luminance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a relatively low operating voltage are presented using a conducting polymer [without an indium-tin oxide (ITO) underlayer] as a hole-injecting electrode (anode) and silole derivatives as an emitter and/or an electron transporter. The conducting polymer films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) were either spin-cast from aqueous dispersions on glass substrates or supplied as precoated films on poly(ethylene terephphalate) substrates. The films obtained by spin casting on glass substrates show very low sheet resistance (150 Omega/sq). OLEDs fabricated using this conducting polymer as an anode without using an ITO underlayer and CsF/Al as a cathode exhibit very low operating voltages (6.5 V at 1000 cd/m(2)). The silole derivative, 2,5-bis-(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilacyclopentadiene, used as an electron transporter, forms an Ohmic contact with the electron-injecting electrode (CsF/Al), leading to efficient electron injection. This contributes to better charge balance and improved device efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Chisso Corp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Kim, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM danste@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 23 BP 4681 EP 4686 DI 10.1021/cm049553p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 870SQ UT WOS:000225078600031 ER PT J AU Au, Y Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K AF Au, Y Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K TI Tunable field imbalance and spin precession in magnetic double layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN; MULTILAYERS AB We report on the manipulation of spin-wave mode profiles by a field imbalance in magnetic double layers produced by the combination of an external field (H-ext) and an in-plane spacer layer current-induced Amperian field (H-cur). The magnetizations between layers are tuned from antiparallel to parallel alignment and the associated oscillation amplitudes monitored by Brillouin light scattering. While the results are well accounted for by Maxwell and Landau-Lifshitz equations, a mechanical coupled pendulum analog in a variable unbalanced gravitational acceleration (Deltag) provides insight into the underlying physics. It is pointed out that the application of magnetic field pulses of specific strength and duration will lead to direct cross-communication between spin-wave normal modes, a feature unique to the tunable local imbalanced field. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Au, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM soory@mps.ohio-state.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 20 BP 4675 EP 4677 DI 10.1063/1.1818725 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 871WD UT WOS:000225166400039 ER PT J AU Landry, G Miller, MM Bennett, BR Johnson, M Smolyaninova, V AF Landry, G Miller, MM Bennett, BR Johnson, M Smolyaninova, V TI Characterization of single magnetic particles with InAs quantum-well Hall devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR; MICROBEADS; BIOSENSOR AB We have measured the magnetic dipolar field from individual micron-sized spherical ferromagnetic particles. The particles were positioned using an atomic force microscope and measured using submicron Hall sensors fabricated from an InAs single-quantum-well heterostructure with lateral dimensions of 0.5-2.5 mum. The magnetic moment of individual particles has been measured, verifying their dipolar moment. We also demonstrate a scaling rule for the detection of individual particles which is relevant to the design of biosensors. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Landry, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.miller@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 20 BP 4693 EP 4695 DI 10.1063/1.1827328 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 871WD UT WOS:000225166400045 ER PT J AU Lepkowicz, RS Cirloganu, CM Przhonska, OV Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Bondar, MV Slominsky, YL Kachkovski, AD Mayboroda, EI AF Lepkowicz, RS Cirloganu, CM Przhonska, OV Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Bondar, MV Slominsky, YL Kachkovski, AD Mayboroda, EI TI Absorption anisotropy studies of polymethine dyes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE exited-state absorption; polymethine dye; orientation of transition dipole moments; anisotropy; pump-probe ID EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; NEGATIVE-DEFECT TRANSPOLYACETYLENE; SQUARYLIUM MOLECULES; FINITE-LENGTH; CATIONS; ORIENTATION; SOLITONS; MOMENTS AB The determination of the spectral position of the excited states and orientation of the transition dipole moments of polymethine molecules is experimentally measured using two methods: the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy method, and a two-color polarization-resolved pump-probe method. This novel use of the pump-probe method is described in detail and a comparison to the fluorescence method is given. Quantum-chemical modeling on the effects of the bridge structure in the polymethine chromophore on the linear absorption spectrum is also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL & FPCE, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, UA-03094 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Lepkowicz, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW 203755338, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rlepkowi@mail.ucf.edu RI Hagan, David/H-2204-2011 OI Hagan, David/0000-0003-2713-1767 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.07.021 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 865AG UT WOS:000224674000016 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Freitas, JA Harmon, S McGee, J Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Derenge, MA Freitas, JA Harmon, S McGee, J Vispute, RD TI Effects of high-temperature anneals on 4H-SiC implanted with Al or Al and Si SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; JUNCTION DIODES; ALUMINUM; 4H; IMPLANTATIONS; MOSFETS; DEFECTS; CAP; 6H AB Co-implanting Si into 4H-SiC with Al hinders the ability of the Al acceptors to activate electrically at the lower annealing temperatures, but for annealing temperatures>1600degreesC, the effect is much less, suggesting that the activation energy for incorporating Al as an acceptor no longer controls the rate-determining step in this process. The cathodoluminescence data indicate that Al acceptors are trapped out by the D-I defect, and this effect is more pronounced for the higher annealing temperatures. The increase in chi(min) with the annealing temperature at the higher temperatures can be explained by the nucleation and growth of structural defects, and the transmission electron miscroscopy results show that these defects are stacking faults. The stacking faults can be described as being quantum dots of different polytypes or domain walls with a point-defect periodic structure between the faulted and unfaulted regions, and they could be the source for the peaks associated with the D-I defect. Also, we observed that the higher-energy peak in the D-I doublet increases in intensity relative to the lower-energy peak as the annealing temperature and the initial implant damage increase. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kajones@arl.army.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 10 BP 5613 EP 5618 DI 10.1063/1.1798404 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 868PR UT WOS:000224926000034 ER PT J AU Dixon, BG Morris, RS Dallek, S AF Dixon, BG Morris, RS Dallek, S TI Non-flammable polyphosphonate electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Power Sources Conference CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE non-flammable; electrolytes; lithium batteries AB This research is directed towards the development of safe, and thermally stable polymeric electrolytes. Advanced electrolytes are described, including thermal test data, which are ionically highly conductive, and non-flammable. These novel multi-heteropolymer electrolytes represent a significant advance in the design of high-performance rechargeable lithium systems that possess superior safety and handling characteristics. Representative results are shown by the figures contained in this text. These DSC/TGA results compare a typical liquid carbonate-based electrolyte system, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, with novel polyphosphonates as synthesized in this program. These tests were performed with the electrolytes in combination with lithium metal, and the impressive relative thermal stability of the phosphonates is apparent. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Phoenix Innovat Inc, W Wareham, MA 02576 USA. NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Dixon, BG (reprint author), Phoenix Innovat Inc, 20 Patterson Brook Rd,Box 550, W Wareham, MA 02576 USA. EM bdixon@phonixinnov.com NR 7 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 274 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.06.016 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 871SV UT WOS:000225154600034 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Poese, B Allen, JL AF Wolfenstine, J Poese, B Allen, JL TI Chemical oxidation of LiCoPO4 SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Letter ID LITHIUM; BATTERIES; CATHODES C1 USN, ARL, SE DC, AMSRD,Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USN, ARL, SE DC, AMSRD,Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jwolfenstine@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.06.030 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 871SV UT WOS:000225154600036 ER PT J AU Peelamedu, R Roy, R Hurtt, L Agrawal, D Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Bruce, RW AF Peelamedu, R Roy, R Hurtt, L Agrawal, D Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Bruce, RW TI Phase formation and decrystallization effects on BaCO3+4Fe(3)O(4) mixtures; a comparison of 83 GHz, multimode millimeter-wave and 2.45 GHz single mode microwave H-field processing SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE millimeter waves; microwave processing; H-field; X-ray diffraction; decrystallization ID CERAMICS; FERRITES; OXIDE AB Samples of BaCO3 + 4Fe(3)O(4) mixtures were microwave irradiated in an 83 GHz gyrotron beam system and a 2.45 GHz single mode system. Twenty seconds of irradiation with 2-6 kW and 83 GHz energy lead to the formation of the BaFe12O19 form in major quantities, with unreacted Fe2O3 in minor quantities. A combination of 3 kW power and 90 s irradiation time resulted in selective absence of some X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and considerable reduction of other XRD peak intensities, suggesting that the BaFe12O19 surface is partially decrystallized. However, in a 2.45 GHz H-field system, irradiation of the BaCO3 + Fe3O4 mixture resulted in a total disappearance of peaks in the XRD, establishing complete decrystallization in 5 s. The 83 GHz effects appear to be mainly on the surface of the materials processed, whereas for the mixture reacted in the 2.45 GHz H-field the decrystallization effect occurs in bulk. These findings correlate well with the greatly different absorption lengths at the two frequencies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat & Particle Beam Generat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ICARUS Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Peelamedu, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Hastings Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pdramesh@psu.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.06.036 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 860VE UT WOS:000224370900022 ER PT J AU Liebovitch, LS Schwartz, IB AF Liebovitch, LS Schwartz, IB TI Migration induced epidemics: dynamics of flux-based multipatch models SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; DISEASES AB Classical disease models use a mass action term as the interaction between infected and susceptible people in separate patches. We derive the equations when this interaction is a migration of people between patches. The results model what happens when a new population is moved into a region with endemic disease. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 6792, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Ctr Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Dept Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6792, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schwartz@nlschaos.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 332 IS 3-4 BP 256 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.09.071 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 870GB UT WOS:000225044500014 ER PT J AU Reithmaier, JP Sek, G Loffler, A Hofmann, C Kuhn, S Reitzenstein, S Keldysh, LV Kulakovskii, VD Reinecke, TL Forchel, A AF Reithmaier, JP Sek, G Loffler, A Hofmann, C Kuhn, S Reitzenstein, S Keldysh, LV Kulakovskii, VD Reinecke, TL Forchel, A TI Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity system SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ATOMS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; PHOTONS; REGIME; DEVICE; BOXES AB Cavity quantum electrodynamics, a central research field in optics and solid-state physics(1-3), addresses properties of atom-like emitters in cavities and can be divided into a weak and a strong coupling regime. For weak coupling, the spontaneous emission can be enhanced or reduced compared with its vacuum level by tuning discrete cavity modes in and out of resonance with the emitter(2,4-13). However, the most striking change of emission properties occurs when the conditions for strong coupling are fulfilled. In this case there is a change from the usual irreversible spontaneous emission to a reversible exchange of energy between the emitter and the cavity mode. This coherent coupling may provide a basis for future applications in quantum information processing or schemes for coherent control. Until now, strong coupling of individual two-level systems has been observed only for atoms in large cavities(14-17). Here we report the observation of strong coupling of a single two-level solid-state system with a photon, as realized by a single quantum dot in a semiconductor microcavity. The strong coupling is manifest in photoluminescence data that display anti-crossings between the quantum dot exciton and cavity-mode dispersion relations, characterized by a vacuum Rabi splitting of about 140 mueV. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wroclaw Tech Univ, Inst Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Forchel, A (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM alfred.forchel@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; Reitzenstein, Stephan/A-9184-2014; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 28 TC 1132 Z9 1140 U1 30 U2 258 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7014 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1038/nature02969 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 869YG UT WOS:000225020200039 PM 15538362 ER PT J AU Coker, C Henderlight, EE Dymond, KF Thonnard, SE McDonald, SE Nicholas, AC Budzien, SA AF Coker, C Henderlight, EE Dymond, KF Thonnard, SE McDonald, SE Nicholas, AC Budzien, SA TI Comparison of ionospheric observations from UV limb scans and radar altimetry SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE limb scan; TEC; tropical arcs AB [1] Ionospheric nighttime electron density profiles were derived using 1356-Angstrom ultraviolet limb scans from the Low-Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectrograph (LORAAS) instrument on the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS). Successive limb scans along the Sun-synchronous orbit were inverted using a tomographic algorithm and were used to reconstruct the ionosphere in latitude and altitude in the 0230 local time frame. Total electron content (TEC) as a function of latitude was obtained by vertically integrating the tomographic densities. Similarly, dual-frequency radar altimeter on TOPEX/Poseidon provided estimates of vertically integrated TEC along the satellite orbit. Comparisons were made between coincident ARGOS and TOPEX satellite passes for several days in December 1999 and November 2000. The comparisons demonstrate the performance of the tomographic algorithm to reconstruct latitudinal variations in the ionosphere, namely the location and magnitude of the nighttime tropical arcs. The comparisons also demonstrate a technique for independently calibrating the limb imager sensitivity. C1 Praxis Inc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Coker, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7607,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ccoker@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 AR RS6003 DI 10.1029/2003RS003012 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 872EY UT WOS:000225191700004 ER PT J AU Hwang, U Laming, JM Badenes, C Berendse, F Blondin, J Cioffi, D DeLaney, T Dewey, D Fesen, R Flanagan, KA Fryer, CL Ghavamian, P Hughes, JP Morse, JA Plucinsky, PP Petre, R Pohl, M Rudnick, L Sankrit, R Slane, PO Smith, RK Vink, J Warren, JS AF Hwang, U Laming, JM Badenes, C Berendse, F Blondin, J Cioffi, D DeLaney, T Dewey, D Fesen, R Flanagan, KA Fryer, CL Ghavamian, P Hughes, JP Morse, JA Plucinsky, PP Petre, R Pohl, M Rudnick, L Sankrit, R Slane, PO Smith, RK Vink, J Warren, JS TI A million second Chandra view of Cassiopeia A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernova remnants; supernovae : general; X-rays : individual (Cassiopeia A); X-rays : ISM ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; X-RAY; CAS-A; EXPANSION; COLLAPSE; EJECTA; CORE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROGENITORS; SUPERNOVAE AB We introduce a million second observation of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The bipolar structure of the Si-rich ejecta (northeast jet and southwest counterpart) is clearly evident in the new images, and their chemical similarity is confirmed by their spectra. These are most likely due to jets of ejecta as opposed to cavities in the circumstellar medium, since we can reject simple models for the latter. The properties of these jets and the Fe-rich ejecta will provide clues to the explosion of Cas A. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Hwang, U (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hwang@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; jlaming@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; badenes@ieec.fcr.es; fberendse@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; john_blondin@ncsu.edu; professor@cioffi.us; tdelaney@astro.umn.edu; dd@space.mit.edu; fesen@snr.dartmouth.edu; kaf@space.mit.edu; fryer@lanl.gov; parviz@pha.jhu.edu; jackph@physics.rutgers.edu; jon.morse@asu.edu; plucinsk@head.cfa.harvard.edu; rob@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; mkp@iastate.edu; larry@astro.umn.edu; ravi@pha.jhu.edu; slane@head.cfa.harvard.edu; rsmith@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; j.vink@sron.nl; jesawyer@physics.rutgers.edu NR 29 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 615 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/426186 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870GW UT WOS:000225046600014 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Titarchuk, L AF Laming, JM Titarchuk, L TI Outflows near an accreting black hole: Ionization and temperature structures SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; atomic processes; black hole physics; galaxies : active; line : formation; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID VELOCITY IONIZED OUTFLOW; WHITE-DWARF; FREQUENCY CORRELATION; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; EMISSION-LINE; NEUTRON-STAR; X-RAYS; BINARIES; SPECTRA; BALANCE AB We calculate the temperature and ionization balance in an outflow from an accreting black hole under illumination by hard radiation from the central object. Electron scattering of the Fe Kalpha photons within the highly ionized expanding flow leads to a decrease of their energy (redshift), which is of first order in, when is the v/c v outflow velocity and is much less than the speed of light c. This photon redshift is an intrinsic property of any v outflow for which divergence is positive. We also find that the equivalent widths of red-skewed Fe Kalpha that originated in the wind is on the order of keV. We conclude that redshifted lines are intrinsic properties of the powerful outflows that are observed in many compact objects. Downscattering of the primary line photons generated in the outflow ( a more natural and probable mechanism than the general relativistic effects in the innermost part of the accretion flow) leads to the formation of red-skewed lines. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674L,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlaming@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 615 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/426432 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870GW UT WOS:000225046600015 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Smith, DM Schwartz, RA Lin, RP AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Smith, DM Schwartz, RA Lin, RP TI Rhessi e(+)-e(-) annihilation radiation observations: Implications for conditions in the flaring solar chromosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; FLARES; LINE; IONIZATION; POSITRONS; EMISSION; IONS AB RHESSI has measured the positron- electron annihilation line and continuum in three solar flares: 2002 July 23, 2003 October 28, and 2003 November 2. The 511 keV line was broad (similar to 4 - 8 keV) in all three flares, consistent with annihilations in an ambient ionized medium at temperatures above 10(5) K. The measured continuum from positronium and from Compton scattering was unobservable, with the exception of the first 4 minutes of the October 28 flare observation; this indicates that the density at which most annihilations occurred was greater than similar to 10(14) H cm(-3). The width of the line narrowed in 2 minutes to similar to1 keV late in the October 28 flare, consistent with annihilation in ionized H < K and &GE; 10(15) cm(-3). There is evidence for a similar decrease in line width late in the November 2 flare. These observations suggest a highly dynamic flaring atmosphere at chromospheric densities that can reach transition- region temperatures, then cool to less than 10(4) K in minutes while remaining highly ionized. Although the energy contained in high- energy accelerated particles may have been enough to heat the plasma, the rate of deposition is not correlated with the temperature determined by the 511 keV line width, and this raises questions about the energy source. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerald.share@nrl.navy.mil; ronald.murphy@nrl.navy.mil; dsmith@scipp.ucsc.edu; richard.schwartz@gsfc.nasa.gov; rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 615 IS 2 BP L169 EP L172 DI 10.1086/426478 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870GW UT WOS:000225046600027 ER PT J AU Smolcic, V Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Pavlovski, K Ilijic, S Schlegel, D Smith, JA McGehee, PM Silvestri, NM Hawley, SL Rockosi, C Gunn, JE Strauss, MA Fan, XH Eisenstein, D Harris, H AF Smolcic, V Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Pavlovski, K Ilijic, S Schlegel, D Smith, JA McGehee, PM Silvestri, NM Hawley, SL Rockosi, C Gunn, JE Strauss, MA Fan, XH Eisenstein, D Harris, H TI A second stellar color locus: A bridge from white dwarfs to M stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; Galaxy : stellar content; stars : statistics; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 1ST DATA RELEASE; SYSTEM AB We report the discovery of a locus of binary stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS) g-r versus u-g color- color diagram that connects the colors of white dwarfs and M dwarfs. While its contrast with respect to the main stellar locus is only similar to 1 : 2300, this previously unrecognized feature includes 863 stars from the SDSS Data Release 1 ( DR1). The position and shape of the feature are in good agreement with predictions of a simple binary star model that consists of a white dwarf and an M dwarf, with the components' luminosity ratio controlling the position along this binary system locus. SDSS DR1 spectra for 47 of these objects strongly support this model. The absolute magnitude - color distribution inferred for the white dwarf component is in good agreement with the models of Bergeron et al. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Inst Appl Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Smolcic, V (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 615 IS 2 BP L141 EP L144 DI 10.1086/426475 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870GW UT WOS:000225046600020 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Bernstein, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Feldman, JL Bernstein, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Consequences of zero-point motion to the radial distribution function of amorphous silicon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop in Honor of Mike Thorpes 60th Birthday on Flexibility in Complex Materials: Glasses, Amorphous and Proteins CY AUG 07-10, 2004 CL St Adele, CANADA ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION; MODELS AB While there have been many studies based on models of amorphous silicon, there have been surprisingly few (perhaps only one) that have seriously addressed the radial distribution function at low temperature. Our work is based in part on the so-called NRL tight binding method using parameters for silicon determined by Bernstein et al. As we have recently shown in the case of 216-atom models, upon including zero-point motion good agreement is obtained with very accurate low temperature x-ray diffraction measurements by Laaziri et al of the radial distribution function, although, as also found by Herrero who used the Stillinger-Weber potential, a slight asymmetry of the first peak in the RDF is predicted and this asymmetry has not been observed experimentally. Upon use of an estimate of zero-point broadening from our previous work we show here that 1000-atom, models lead to good agreement with experiment for the RDF Perhaps fortuitously, we obtain models that agree with the experimentally determined second peak in the RDF for both annealed and unannealed samples' our tight binding relaxed models based on topologies derived from the Wooten-Winer-Weaire method and the Barkema-Mousseau method yield unannealed-sample results, whereas our tight binding relaxed model based on an MD quench of the liquid using the semi-empirical interatomic potential, EDIP, of Kaxiras and coworkers yield the annealed-sample results. Finally, the significant effect of zero-point motion on the first peak in the radial distribution that we obtain in the case of amorphous silicon could also have implications for other amorphous materials, e.g. SiO2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM feldman@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 44 SI SI BP S5165 EP S5172 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/44/013 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 879IE UT WOS:000225708800014 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Conrady, DG Fox, DM Naik, RR Stone, MO Trulove, PC De Long, HC Mantz, RA AF Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Conrady, DG Fox, DM Naik, RR Stone, MO Trulove, PC De Long, HC Mantz, RA TI Dissolution and regeneration of Bombyx mori Silk fibroin using ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mantz, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.mantz@wpafb.af-mil NR 13 TC 237 Z9 256 U1 11 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 44 BP 14350 EP 14351 DI 10.1021/ja046079f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 869DV UT WOS:000224964500024 PM 15521743 ER PT J AU Berry, MV Dennis, MR Lee, RL AF Berry, MV Dennis, MR Lee, RL TI Polarization singularities in the clear sky SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL POINTS; ATMOSPHERE; CRYSTALS AB Ideas from singularity theory provide a simple account of the pattern of polarization directions in daylight. The singularities (two near the Sun and two near the anti-Sun) are points in the sky where the polarization line pattern has index +1/2 and the intensity of polarization is zero. The singularities are caused by multiple scattering that splits into two each of the unstable index +1 singularities at the Sun and anti-Sun, which occur in the single-dipole scattering (Rayleigh) theory. The polarization lines are contours of an elliptic integral. For the intensity of polarization (unnormalized degree), it is necessary to incorporate the strong depolarizing effect of multiple scattering near the horizon. Singularity theory is compared with new digital images of sky polarization, and gives an excellent description of the pattern of polarization directions. For the intensity of polarization, the theory can reproduce not only the zeros but also subtle variations in the polarization maxima. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Berry, MV (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM mark.dennis@physics.org RI Dennis, Mark/F-9292-2010 OI Dennis, Mark/0000-0003-1147-1804 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 9 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 162 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/162 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 869PU UT WOS:000224997300001 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Chattopadhyay, K AF Goswami, R Chattopadhyay, K TI Melting of Bi nanoparticles embedded in a Zn matrix SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; BISMUTH; NANOCOMPOSITES; SOLIDIFICATION; DEPENDENCE; ALUMINUM; METALS; AL AB We report the melting behavior of nanometric-Bi particles embedded in the zinc matrix synthesized by the rapid solidification processing. These particles have specific orientation relation with the matrix given by {0001}(Zn) parallel to{10-12}(Bi) and <11-20>(Zn) nearly parallel to<1-210>(Bi). A change in melting behavior is observed on thermal cycling. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reveal that a fraction of Bi particles melts at 91-95 K below the bulk melting temperature during the second DSC-cycle. It is shown that the division of a single crystalline nano-Bi particle into several grains during solidification results in the significant reduction in melting, which can be explained by the phenomenological theory of melting. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 RPI, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Met, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Naval Res Lab, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM goswami@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 19 BP 5503 EP 5510 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.08.010 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 867KC UT WOS:000224840500007 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Rangasammy, JG Anderson, GP Romanoski, TC Kusterbeck, AW AF Charles, PT Rangasammy, JG Anderson, GP Romanoski, TC Kusterbeck, AW TI Microcapillary reversed-displacement immunosensor for trace level detection of TNT in seawater SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE TNT; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; immunosensor; microcapillary; fluorescence; antibody ID FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; BIOSENSOR; ANTIBODY; IMMUNOASSAY; EXPLOSIVES; DNA AB reversed-displacement immunosensor to detect the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using a chemically modified borosilicate glass microcapillary is described. The inner core of a glass microcapillary was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and functionalized with the TNT analog, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBSA). A Cy5-labeled anti-TNT antibody was incubated within the trinitrobenzene (TNB) modified microcapillary until binding equilibrium, forming the TNB-anti-TNT antibody complex. The TNB-microcapillary was then subjected to a constant flow of buffer as samples were applied. As samples containing TNT were introduced into the microcapillary flow stream, the Cy5-labeled antibody bound to the immobilized TNB was displaced and fluorescence measured by a fluorometer. Using the microcapillary-based reversed-displacement immunosensor (MRDI) format, parts-per-trillion (pptr) detection limits for TNT in seawater (0.25 ng/mL or 250 pptr) was achieved with an analysis time under 5 min. Reported also are experimental results comparing silane deposition conditions and the effect on immunoassay performance and the comparison of fluorescence signal response with the MRDI using four different monoclonal anti-TNT antibodies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ptc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 525 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.038 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 865NN UT WOS:000224709900006 ER PT J AU Shi, B Meng, WJ Daulton, TL AF Shi, B Meng, WJ Daulton, TL TI Thermal expansion of Ti-containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon nanocomposite thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING HYDROCARBON COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES AB The effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of Ti-containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon (Ti-C:H) thin films were measured. Ti-C:H thin films with compositions ranging from nearly pure a-C:H to nearly pure TiC were deposited on Si(100) substrates. Effective CTEs were determined from temperature induced changes in the curvature of film/substrate assemblies. Measured effective CTE values for Ti-C:H are similar to5.7x10(-6) K-1, and show little dependence on the Ti composition. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Meng, WJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM wmeng@me.lsu.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 19 BP 4352 EP 4354 DI 10.1063/1.1814800 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 869DE UT WOS:000224962800029 ER PT J AU Risko, C Kushto, GP Kafati, ZH Bredas, JL AF Risko, C Kushto, GP Kafati, ZH Bredas, JL TI Electronic properties of silole-based organic semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THIN-FILM INTERFACE; GROUP 14 METALLOLES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ENERGY; DERIVATIVES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; AFFINITIES; MOLECULES AB We report on a detailed quantum-chemical study of the geometric structure and electronic properties of 2,5-bis(6'-(2',2"-bipyridyl))-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilole (PyPySPyPy) and 2,5-di- (3-biphenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylsilole (PPSPP). These molecular systems are attractive candidates for application as electron-transport materials in organic light-emitting devices. Density Functional Theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, and correlated semiempirical (ZINDO/CIS) calculations are carried out in order to evaluate parameters determining electron-transport and optical characteristics. Experimental data show that PyPySPyPy possesses an electron-transport mobility that is significantly greater than PPSPP, while PPSPP has a significantly larger photoluminescence quantum yield; however, the theoretical results indicate that the two systems undergo similar geometric transformations upon reduction and have comparable molecular orbital structures and energies. This suggests that intermolecular interactions (solid-state packing, electronic coupling) play significant roles in the contrasting performance of these two molecular systems. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008; Risko, Chad/A-9785-2014; OI Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471; Risko, Chad/0000-0001-9838-5233 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 18 BP 9031 EP 9038 DI 10.1063/1.1804155 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 866UM UT WOS:000224798900040 PM 15527368 ER PT J AU Puri, P Jordan, PM AF Puri, P Jordan, PM TI On the propagation of plane waves in type-III thermoelastic media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE asymptotics; dispersion relation; plane waves; thermoelasticity of types I, II and III; Whitham stability ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION; GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; HEAT AB The propagation of plane waves in infinite, three-dimensional, type-III thermoelastic media is investigated. Exact dispersion relation solutions are determined and several characterizations of the wavefield are examined. Low- and high-frequency asymptotic expressions are given, small-coupling limit results are derived, and special/limiting cases, including those corresponding to thermoelastic media of types II and I, are noted. Computational tools are used to illustrate the analytical findings and to study the effects of varying the physical parameters. Of the findings presented, the following are most significant: (i) the determination of critical values of the physical parameters and their impact on the wavefields; (ii) ascertaining that type-III media behave, essentially, like type-II (respectively, type-I) media with respect to low- (respectively, high-) frequency plane waves; (iii) establishing the Whitham. stability of plane waves in type-III media; and (iv) the determination of the dispersion characteristics of type-III media. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Puri, P (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 8 PY 2004 VL 460 IS 2051 BP 3203 EP 3221 DI 10.1098/rspa.2004.1341 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 866UB UT WOS:000224797800007 ER PT J AU Maidanik, G Becker, KJ AF Maidanik, G Becker, KJ TI Induced noise control SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE HARMONIC-OSCILLATORS; STATISTICAL ENERGY ANALYSIS; COUPLING STRENGTHS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; CRITERIA; SYSTEMS; MODELS; FORMS; WEAK AB A technique by which to achieve noise control in a dynamic system, referred to herein as a master dynamic system, is to couple it to another, an adjunct dynamic system. The resulting induced noise control is defined in terms of the ratio of the energy stored in the master dynamic system when coupled to the adjunct dynamic system to the stored energy in the master dynamic system in the absence of this coupling. An analytical description for the induced noise control is developed. The analysis is then used to define the dependence of the induced noise control on the parameters that define the two dynamic systems and the coupling between them. An appropriate induced noise control may then be designed and implemented. Also, the relationship of this energy analysis to the statistical energy analysis is briefly discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Maidanik, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 Macarthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM beckerkj@nswccd.navy.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD NOV 5 PY 2004 VL 277 IS 4-5 BP 1041 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.09.056 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 860FS UT WOS:000224328500022 ER PT J AU Dimova, E Petrov, GM Blagoev, KB AF Dimova, E Petrov, GM Blagoev, KB TI Quenching of He-4 and He-3 excited states by collisions with N-2 SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Summer School on Vacuum, Electron and Ion Technologies CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, Res Ctr Rossendorf, FZR, Fdn Evrika DE He-N-2; penning ionization; delayed coincidence method ID ATOMS; MOLECULES AB A time-resolved spectroscopy method combined with pulse electron excitation are used for the experimental investigation of the quenching process of He excited states by collisions with nitrogen molecules in a He-Ne-N-2 mixture at low pressure. The rate constants for quenching (4) He(2(1)S), He-4(2(1)P), He-3(2(1)S) and He-3(2(1)P) states by collisions with ground state N-2 molecules at T-g = 600K are: k = (2.66 +/- 0.09) x 10(-10) and k = (1.89 +/- 0.28) x 10(-9)cm(3)s(-1) for He-4(2(1)S) and He-4(2(1)P), respectively, and k = (2.81 +/- 0.07) x 10(-10) and k = (3.21 +/- 0.58) x 10(-9) cm(3)s(-1) for He-3(2(1)S) and He-3(2(1)P), respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dimova, E (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM edimova@issp.bas.bg RI Dimova, Emiliya/D-1110-2010; OI Dimova, Emiliya/0000-0003-2692-3682 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD NOV 5 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 2-3 BP 405 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.07.047 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 868CL UT WOS:000224890100065 ER PT J AU Pencheva, M Petrov, G Petrova, T Benova, E AF Pencheva, M Petrov, G Petrova, T Benova, E TI A collisional-radiative model of an argon surface-wave-sustained plasma at atmospheric pressure SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Summer School on Vacuum, Electron and Ion Technologies CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, Res Ctr Rossendorf, FZR, Fdn Evrika DE microwave discharges; atmospheric pressure plasma; plasma kinetic modelling ID DISCHARGES; COLUMN AB A collisional-radiative model of argon plasma column at atmospheric pressure sustained in capillary tube by high-frequency electromagnetic wave is presented. The model is based on simultaneously solving the electron Boltzmann equation, the set of particle balance equations for electrons and heavy particles, and the electron energy balance equation. Six blocks of excited levels are included in the model. The electron energy distribution function (EEDF), the mean energy, the axial electric field, the mean absorbed power per electron, the ion densities, the densities of excited atoms are obtained as functions of the electron number density. The model predicts that the excited levels are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium, which is in agreement with the experimental data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sofia, Sofia 1111, Bulgaria. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benova, E (reprint author), Univ Sofia, 27 Kosta Loulchev Str, Sofia 1111, Bulgaria. EM benova@deo.uni-sofia.bg NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD NOV 5 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 2-3 BP 409 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.07.048 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 868CL UT WOS:000224890100066 ER PT J AU Prange, R Pallier, L Hansen, KC Howard, R Vourlidas, A Courtin, G Parkinson, C AF Prange, R Pallier, L Hansen, KC Howard, R Vourlidas, A Courtin, G Parkinson, C TI An interplanetary shock traced by planetary auroral storms from the Sun to Saturn SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; KILOMETRIC RADIATION; VOYAGER-1 ENCOUNTER; RADIO-EMISSION; CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; JUPITER; CAMERA; FIELD AB A relationship between solar activity and aurorae on Earth was postulated(1,2) long before space probes directly detected plasma propagating outwards from the Sun(3). Violent solar eruption events trigger interplanetary shocks(4) that compress Earth's magnetosphere, leading to increased energetic particle precipitation into the ionosphere and subsequent auroral storms(5,6). Monitoring shocks is now part of the 'Space Weather' forecast programme aimed at predicting solar-activity-related environmental hazards. The outer planets also experience aurorae, and here we report the discovery of a strong transient polar emission on Saturn, tentatively attributed to the passage of an interplanetary shock - and ultimately to a series of solar coronal mass ejection (CME) events. We could trace the shock-triggered events from Earth, where auroral storms were recorded, to Jupiter, where the auroral activity was strongly enhanced, and to Saturn, where it activated the unusual polar source. This establishes that shocks retain their properties and their ability to trigger planetary auroral activity thoughout the Solar System. Our results also reveal differences in the planetary auroral responses on the passing shock, especially in their latitudinal and local time dependences. C1 Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Prange, R (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM renee.prange@obspm.fr RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Hansen, Kenneth/F-3693-2011 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Hansen, Kenneth/0000-0002-8502-1980 NR 29 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 4 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7013 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1038/nature02986 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 867PQ UT WOS:000224854900041 PM 15525983 ER PT J AU Bobo, WV Fulton, RB AF Bobo, WV Fulton, RB TI Commentary on: Severe manifestations of coricidin intoxication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DEXTROMETHORPHAN C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Bobo, WV (reprint author), USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 22 IS 7 BP 624 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2004.09.011 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 886VN UT WOS:000226261000030 PM 15666279 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Nugent, PA Choi, JR Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Nugent, PA Choi, JR Schindler, WR TI Flat colorectal lesions in asymptomatic adults: Implications for screening with CT virtual colonoscopy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY 02-07, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc ID UNRESECTED POLYPS; COLONOGRAPHY; ADENOMAS; COLON; NEOPLASMS; FEATURES; GROWTH; SIZE; TIME AB OBJECTIVE. The clinical significance of flat lesions in colorectal cancer screening remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, histology, and virtual colonoscopy detection of flat lesions in an asymptomatic screening population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. The morphology of all detected polyps was prospectively recorded as flat or polypoid (sessile or pedunculated) in 1,233 consecutive asymptomatic adults who underwent same-day virtual colonoscopy and optical colonoscopy. A flat morphology was defined as a shallow plaquelike broad-based lesion with a height of less than one half of its width. RESULTS. Of 344 polyps of 6 mm or greater confirmed at optical colonoscopy, 17 (4.9%) were labeled as flat at both virtual colonoscopy and optical colonoscopy; 17 (4.9%), at optical colonoscopy only; and 25 (7.3%), at virtual colonoscopy only, yielding 59 total lesions in 52 (4.2%) of 1,233 patients. Twenty-nine (49.2%) of 59 flat lesions were adenomatous, of which four measured 10 mm or greater and one 6- to 9-mm lesion was histologically advanced. None of the 148 diminutive flat lesions (less than or equal to 5 mm) detected at optical colonoscopy was histologically advanced. Virtual colonoscopy prospectively detected 24 (82.8%) of 29 flat adenomas and 47 (80.0%) of all 59 flat lesions 6 mm or greater. In comparison, the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy for the detection of polypoid adenomas and all polypoid lesions of 6 mm or greater was 86.2% (156/181, p = 0.58) and 81.0% (231/285, p = 0.86), respectively. CONCLUSION. Flat adenomas measuring 6 mm or greater are uncommon in a typical Western screening population, and advanced flat neoplasms are rare. The sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy for detecting flat lesions was similar to that of polypoid lesions. These results indicate that flat lesions are not a significant drawback for virtual colonoscopy screening. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave,E3-311 Clin Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 24 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 183 IS 5 BP 1343 EP 1347 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 865EQ UT WOS:000224685700027 PM 15505301 ER PT J AU Segal, SD Albrecht, DS Belland, KM Elster, EA AF Segal, SD Albrecht, DS Belland, KM Elster, EA TI Rare mesenteric location of Meckel's diverticulum, a forgotten entity: A case study aboard USS Kitty Hawk SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article AB The traditional understanding of Meckel's diverticulum has always emphasized its antimesenteric location, ever since its original description in 1809. We report the finding of an acutely inflamed mass located on the mesenteric aspect of distal ileum, which was discovered during a celiotomy performed aboard a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier. Pathological features of this unusual mass, including focal submucosal abscess formation, proximity to the ileocecal valve, and heterotopic gastric tissue are all characteristic of inflammatory Meckel's diverticulum. The atypical intraoperative finding of a desmoplastic reaction associated with this lesion is discussed within the context of a pertinent differential diagnosis. In addition, both the pathological characteristics and the unusual location of this mass are the basis for a discussion that revisits a 50-year-old surgical controversy regarding Meckel's diverticulum. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Radiat & Combat Injury Repair Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. USS Kitty Hawk, Dept Med, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Elster, EA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Radiat & Combat Injury Repair Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 11 BP 985 EP 988 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 872ST UT WOS:000225229400011 PM 15586511 ER PT J AU Bach, KK Lindsay, FW Berg, LS Howard, RS AF Bach, KK Lindsay, FW Berg, LS Howard, RS TI Prolonged postoperative disorientation after methylene blue infusion during parathyroidectomy SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID INJECTION; DRUG AB Methylene blue 7.5 mg/kg is frequently given at our institution during parathyroidectomy. The dye preferentially stains the parathyroids so as to provide better surgical visualization. Other than causing a pseudocyanosis, the technique is generally considered to be rather innocuous. We report a case of a patient who, after this procedure, had a postoperative course that was unusual because of slowly resolving altered mental status. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Howard, RS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rhoward@ucsd.edu NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1574 DI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000134860.73875.CF PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 865ED UT WOS:000224684400053 PM 15502068 ER PT J AU Ralston, ME AF Ralston, ME TI Physiologic anterior subluxation: Case report of occurrence at C-5 to C-6 and C-6 to C-7 spinal levels SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FLEXION-EXTENSION RADIOGRAPHS; CERVICAL-SPINE; CHILDREN; PSEUDOSUBLUXATION; TRAUMA; AXIS; C2 AB Physiologic anterior subluxation is a phenomenon that is common to the upper pediatric cervical spine and characterized by the normal forward displacement of one cervical vertebra relative to the subjacent one. Physiologic anterior subluxation can be seen in children in the setting of trauma, when it must be distinguished from pathologic subluxation. Physiologic anterior subluxation has not been reported at lower cervical spinal levels (C-5 to C-6 or C-6 to C-7) This is a report of physiologic anterior subluxation at C-5 to C-6 and C-6 to C-7 spinal levels distinguished from pathologic subluxation in a 9-year-old child evaluated in the acute setting after cervical spine injury. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Ralston, ME (reprint author), 1117 Rainier Circle, Oak Harbor, WA 98277 USA. EM meralston@msn.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.05.024 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 866JC UT WOS:000224768800005 PM 15520706 ER PT J AU Bush, SP Green, SM Laack, TA Hayes, WK Cardwell, MD Tanen, DA AF Bush, SP Green, SM Laack, TA Hayes, WK Cardwell, MD Tanen, DA TI Pressure immobilization delays mortality and increases intracompartmental pressure after artificial intramuscular rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians ID LOXOSCELES ENVENOMATION; COMPARTMENT; ARIZONA; ATROX AB Study objectives: We determine the effect of pressure immobilization on mortality and intracompartmental pressure after artificial intramuscular Crotalus atrox envenomation in a porcine model. Methods: We prospectively studied 20 pigs using a randomized, controlled design. After anesthesia, C atrox venom (20 mg/kg) was injected with a 22-gauge needle 10 mm deep into the tibialis anterior muscle of the hind leg. Pigs were randomized to receive either pressure immobilization (applied I minute after envenomation and maintained throughout the duration of the experiment) or no pressure immobilization. We measured time to death, intracompartmental pressure before venom injection and at 2 hours after.. injection, and leg circumference at a standardized location before injection and immediately postmortem. Duration of survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: The dose of venom resulted in 100% mortality. The median survival was longer in the pressure immobilization group (191 minutes, range 140 to 240 minutes) than in the control group (median 155 minutes, range 119 to 187 minutes). The difference between the groups was 36 minutes (95% confidence interval [Cl] 2 to 64 minutes; P=.0122). The mean intracompartmental pressures were 67+/-13 mm Hg +/- SD with pressure immobilization and 24 5 mm Hg without pressure immobilization. The difference between groups was 43 mm Hg (95% Cl 32 to 53 mm Hg). The mean circumferences were 14.3 cm in the pressure immobilization group and 19.1 cm in the control group. The difference between groups was -4.8 cm (95% Cl -5.7 to -3.9 cm). Conclusion: Compared with control animals without treatment, the pressure immobilization group had longer survival, less swelling, and higher intracompartmental pressures after artificial, intramuscular C atrox envenomation in our porcine model. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Childrens Hosp, Loma Linda, CA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. San Bernardino Cty Sheriffs Dept, San Bernardino, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bush, SP (reprint author), 11234 Anderson St,POB 2000,Room A108, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. EM sbush@ahs.llumc.edu RI Hayes, William/L-1284-2013 OI Hayes, William/0000-0002-0903-0519 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.06.007 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 876NN UT WOS:000225503900006 PM 15573035 ER PT J AU Baird, JK AF Baird, JK TI Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; IRIAN-JAYA; IN-VIVO; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; WHOLE-BLOOD; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; DRUG-SENSITIVITY C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AP 34031 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AP 34031 USA. EM bairdk@nmrc.navy.mil NR 116 TC 192 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4075 EP 4083 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.11.4075-4083.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 869XM UT WOS:000225017900001 PM 15504824 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Novak, JP Lay, MD Perkins, FK AF Snow, ES Novak, JP Lay, MD Perkins, FK TI 1/f noise in single-walled carbon nanotube devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; NETWORKS; ARRAY AB We report the scaling behavior of 1/f noise in single-walled carbon nanotube devices. In this study we use two-dimensional carbon nanotube networks to explore the geometric scaling of 1/f noise and find that for devices of a given resistance the noise scales inversely with device size. We have established an empirical formula that describes this behavior over a wide range of device parameters that can be used to assess the noise characteristics of carbon nanotube-based electronic devices and sensors. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 18 BP 4172 EP 4174 DI 10.1063/1.1812838 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 868DS UT WOS:000224894900072 ER PT J AU Stewart, AE Brewster, DF Bernstein, PE AF Stewart, AE Brewster, DF Bernstein, PE TI Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum complicating tonsillectomy SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western Section of the Triological-Society CY JAN 31, 2004 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP Triol Soc, Western Sect ID ADENOTONSILLECTOMY; MEDIASTINUM AB Background: Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are very rare complications of tonsillectomy. Objectives: To report on a case study and a literature review of these conditions; to discuss the management and controversial causes. Design: Case study and literature review. Methods: A case is presented of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum complicating tonsillectomy. All published reports of these complications dating back to 1910 are reviewed. Results: An additional 30 cases of subcutaneous emphysema and 9 of pneumomediastinum have been reported following tonsillectomy. This group of 32 patients with emphysematous complications included 17 male patients, 14 female, and a child of unknown sex. The mean age was 18.6 years (range, 2-65 years). All tonsillectomies were performed with a cold technique except our case. Subcutaneous emphysema was first noted intraoperatively in 8 patients (25%) a mean of 3.5 hours (range, 10 minutes to 14 hours) after the procedure in 18 patients (56%) and not until the next morning in 6 patients (19%). Most cases resolved without specific treatment or significant sequelae. Some cases were life-threatening and required urgent intervention. Others were misdiagnosed, which resulted in unnecessary surgery. Conclusions: Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare occurrences following tonsillectomy that should alert one to the possibility of more serious complications. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Med Grp, So Calif Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. RP Stewart, AE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM aestewart@pol.net NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 130 IS 11 BP 1324 EP 1327 DI 10.1001/archotol.130.11.1324 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 868TK UT WOS:000224935700014 PM 15545590 ER PT J AU Looney, R AF Looney, R TI Failed economic take-offs and terrorism in Pakistan - Conceptualizing a proper role for US assistance SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article ID DEFENSE EXPENDITURES AB What are the causes of terrorism? Of the various theories put forth, the analysis below suggests that failed economic take-offs, in addition to the usual factors suggested, are an important element. This finding has a number of implications for Pakistan's economic reform programs. In addition, foreign aid programs to the country will have to be modified if their effectiveness in reducing the attractiveness of terrorism is to be increased. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Looney, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM relooney@nps.navy.mil NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 771 EP 793 DI 10.1525/as.2004.44.6.771 PG 23 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 888QC UT WOS:000226388300001 ER PT J AU Klose, S Greiner, J Rau, A Henden, AA Hartmann, DH Zeh, A Ries, C Masetti, N Malesani, D Guenther, E Gorosabel, J Stecklum, B Antonelli, LA Brinkworth, C Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AJ Covino, S Fruchter, A Fynbo, JPU Ghisellini, G Hjorth, J Hudec, R Jelinek, M Kaper, L Kouveliotou, C Lindsay, K Maiorano, E Mannucci, F Nysewander, M Palazzi, E Pedersen, K Pian, E Reichart, DE Rhoads, J Rol, E Smail, I Tanvir, NR Postigo, AD Vreeswijk, PM Wijers, RAMJ van den Heuvel, EPJ AF Klose, S Greiner, J Rau, A Henden, AA Hartmann, DH Zeh, A Ries, C Masetti, N Malesani, D Guenther, E Gorosabel, J Stecklum, B Antonelli, LA Brinkworth, C Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AJ Covino, S Fruchter, A Fynbo, JPU Ghisellini, G Hjorth, J Hudec, R Jelinek, M Kaper, L Kouveliotou, C Lindsay, K Maiorano, E Mannucci, F Nysewander, M Palazzi, E Pedersen, K Pian, E Reichart, DE Rhoads, J Rol, E Smail, I Tanvir, NR Postigo, AD Vreeswijk, PM Wijers, RAMJ van den Heuvel, EPJ TI Probing a gamma-ray burst progenitor at a redshift of z=2: A comprehensive observing campaign of the afterglow of GRB 030226 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; stars : Wolf-Rayet ID HIGH COLUMN DENSITY; MASS-LOSS RATES; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; STANDARD STARS; HOST GALAXY; ETA-CARINAE; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; SUPERNOVA 2003DH; LIGHT CURVES; STELLAR WIND AB We report results from a comprehensive follow-up observing campaign of the afterglow of GRB 030226, including VLT spectroscopy, VLT polarimetry, and Chandra X-ray observations. In addition, we present BOOTES-1 wide-field observations at the time of the occurrence of the burst. First observations at ESO started 0.2 days after the event when the gamma ray burst ( GRB) afterglow was at a magnitude of R similar to 19 and continued until the afterglow had faded below the detection threshold (R> 26). No underlying host galaxy was found. The optical light curve shows a break around 0.8 days after the burst, which is achromatic within the observational errors, supporting the view that it was due to a jetted explosion. Close to the break time the degree of linear polarization of the afterglow light was less than 1.1%, which favors a uniform-jet model rather than a structured one. VLT spectra show two absorption line systems at redshifts z = 1.962 +/- 0.001 and 1.986 +/- 0.001, placing the lower limit for the redshift of the GRB close to 2. We emphasize that the kinematics and the composition of the absorbing clouds responsible for these line systems are very similar to those observed in the afterglow of GRB 021004. This corroborates the picture in which at least some GRBs are physically related to the explosion of a Wolf-Rayet star. C1 Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenberg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Wendelstein Observ, D-81679 Munich, Germany. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Osserv Astron Brera, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. CNR, Ist Radioastron, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Klose, S (reprint author), Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenberg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. RI Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Hudec, Rene/G-9018-2014; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; Jelinek, Martin/E-5290-2016; OI de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio/0000-0001-7717-5085; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858; Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Jelinek, Martin/0000-0003-3922-7416; mannucci, filippo/0000-0002-4803-2381; Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563 NR 100 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1942 EP 1954 DI 10.1086/424539 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867TX UT WOS:000224866500002 ER PT J AU Finkbeiner, DP Padmanabhan, N Schlegel, DJ Carr, MA Gunn, JE Rockosi, CM Sekiguchi, M Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Ivezic, Z Blanton, MR Hogg, DW Adelman-McCarthy, JK Annis, J Hayes, J Kinney, E Long, DC Seljak, U Strauss, MA Yanny, B Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bernardi, M Boroski, WN Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Castander, FJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Fan, XH Friedman, SD Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Grebel, EK Gurbani, VK de Haas, E Harris, FH Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kniazev, AY Krzesinski, J Leger, RF Lin, H Loveday, J Mannery, E Martinez-Delgado, D McGehee, PM Meiksin, A Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Pauls, G Quinn, TR Rafikov, RR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smith, JA Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Weinberg, DH West, AA Yasuda, N Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I AF Finkbeiner, DP Padmanabhan, N Schlegel, DJ Carr, MA Gunn, JE Rockosi, CM Sekiguchi, M Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Ivezic, Z Blanton, MR Hogg, DW Adelman-McCarthy, JK Annis, J Hayes, J Kinney, E Long, DC Seljak, U Strauss, MA Yanny, B Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bernardi, M Boroski, WN Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Castander, FJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Fan, XH Friedman, SD Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Grebel, EK Gurbani, VK de Haas, E Harris, FH Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kniazev, AY Krzesinski, J Leger, RF Lin, H Loveday, J Mannery, E Martinez-Delgado, D McGehee, PM Meiksin, A Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Pauls, G Quinn, TR Rafikov, RR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smith, JA Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Weinberg, DH West, AA Yasuda, N Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging of low Galactic latitude fields: Technical summary and data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; STARS; SYSTEM; EXTINCTION; PIPELINES; EMISSION; CATALOG AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) mosaic camera and telescope have obtained five-band optical-wavelength imaging near the Galactic plane outside of the nominal survey boundaries. These additional data were obtained during commissioning and subsequent testing of the SDSS observing system, and they provide unique wide-area imaging data in regions of high obscuration and star formation, including numerous young stellar objects, Herbig-Haro objects, and young star clusters. Because these data are outside the survey regions in the Galactic caps, they are not part of the standard SDSS data releases. This paper presents imaging data for 832 square degrees of sky (including repeats), in the star-forming regions of Orion, Taurus, and Cygnus. About 470 deg(2) are now released to the public, with the remainder to follow at the time of SDSS Data Release 4. The public data in Orion include the star-forming region NGC 2068/NGC 2071/HH 24 and a large part of Barnard's loop. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Japan Participat Grp, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Instrumentat & Syst Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Akad Pedagog Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Global Controls Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91191 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; OI Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Tan, Joshua/0000-0003-3835-8115; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 44 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 128 IS 5 BP 2577 EP 2592 DI 10.1086/425050 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867TX UT WOS:000224866500047 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Ojha, R Reynolds, JE Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ AF Fey, AL Ojha, R Reynolds, JE Ellingsen, SP McCulloch, PM Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ TI Astrometry of 25 southern hemisphere radio sources from a VLBI short-baseline survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; reference systems; techniques : interferometric ID OPTICAL REFERENCE FRAME; ADDITIONAL SOURCE POSITIONS; CELESTIAL REFERENCE FRAME; IDENTIFICATIONS; INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; SAMPLE; DELAY AB Milliarcsecond-accurate radio positions for 25 southern hemisphere extragalactic sources are reported. These positions are derived from Mark III Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations made between 2003 September and 2004 May on the intra-Australia baseline connecting Hobart, Tasmania and Parkes, New South Wales. The results presented here represent an ongoing program intended to increase the number of phase-reference sources with accurate positions in the southern hemisphere for use in astrophysical observations. The positions for all but 1 of the 25 sources are south of delta = 45degrees and have average formal uncertainties of 3 mas in alpha cos delta and 2 mas in delta. As the reported positions are in the frame of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF), the results reported here can also be used to increase the sky density of southern hemisphere ICRF sources, although with reduced accuracy. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Ellingsen, Simon/J-7754-2014 OI Ellingsen, Simon/0000-0002-1363-5457 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 128 IS 5 BP 2593 EP 2598 DI 10.1086/424941 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867TX UT WOS:000224866500048 ER PT J AU Rowland, C Iliadis, C Champagne, AE Fox, C Jose, J Runkle, R AF Rowland, C Iliadis, C Champagne, AE Fox, C Jose, J Runkle, R TI Does an NeNa cycle exist in explosive hydrogen burning? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : abundances ID NOVA NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; REACTION-RATES; AL-26 AB According to common assumptions, matter in the mass range A greater than or equal to 20 is processed through the so-called NeNa cycle during hydrogen- burning nucleosynthesis. The existence of such a reaction cycle implies that the (p, alpha) reaction on Na-23 is more likely to occur than the competing (p, gamma) reaction. However, recently evaluated thermonuclear rates for both reactions carry relatively large uncertainties and allow for both possibilities, i.e., a "closed" and an "open" NeNa cycle. We measured the Na-23(p, gamma) Mg-24 reaction at the Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics. The present experimental results, obtained with our sensitive gamma-ray detection apparatus, reduce the Na-23 + p reaction rate uncertainties significantly. We demonstrate that a closed NeNa cycle does not exist at stellar temperatures of T = 0.2-0.4 GK. The new results have important implications for the nucleosynthesis in classical novae, including the amount of Al-26 ejected by the thermonuclear explosion, the elemental abundances of Mg and Al observed in nova shells, and observations of Mg and Al isotopic ratios in primitive meteorites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Fis & Engn Nucl, Barcelona 08800, Spain. Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Rowland, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 615 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/425964 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 866GD UT WOS:000224761000010 ER PT J AU Gelfand, JD Lazio, TJW Gaensler, BM AF Gelfand, JD Lazio, TJW Gaensler, BM TI A wide-field, low-frequency radio survey of the field of M31. I. Construction and statistical analysis of the source catalog SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : individual (M31); radio continuum : galaxies; radio continuum : general ID SKY SURVEY; SPECTRUM; GALAXIES; EMISSION; SCALE AB We present here the results of a 325 MHz radio survey of M31, conducted with the A configuration of the Very Large Array. The survey covered an area of 7.6 deg(2), and a total of 405 radio sources between less than or similar to6" and 170" in extent were mapped with a resolution of 6" and a 1 sigma sensitivity of similar to0.6 mJy beam(-1). For each source, its morphological class, major axis theta(M), minor axis theta(m), position angle theta(PA), peak flux I, integrated flux density S, spectral index alpha, and spectral curvature parameter phi were calculated. A comparison of the flux and radial distribution-both in the plane of the sky and in the plane of M31-of these sources with those of the XMM-Newton Large-Scale Structure Survey and Westerbork Northern Sky Survey revealed that a vast majority of sources detected are background radio galaxies. As a result of this analysis, we expect that only a few sources are intrinsic to M31. These sources are identified and discussed in an accompanying paper. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gelfand, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-10,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jgelfand@cfa.harvard.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; bgaensler@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 155 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1086/424446 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 865KC UT WOS:000224700400006 ER PT J AU Chao, CC Wu, SL Ching, WM AF Chao, CC Wu, SL Ching, WM TI Using LC-MS with de novo software to fully characterize the multiple methylations of lysine residues in a recombinant fragment of an outer membrane protein from a virulent strain of Rickettsia prowazekii SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia prowazekii; lysine methylation; SALSA; de novo sequencing; LC-MS; ion trap ID S-LAYER PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTIGENS; RESISTANCE; SURFACE; TYPHUS; TRANSFORMATION; SPECTRA AB The outer membrane protein B (OmpB) of the typhus group rickettsiae is an immunodominant antigen and has been shown to provide protection against typhus in animal models. Consequently, OmpB is currently being considered as a potential rickettsiae vaccine candidate to be used in humans. The OmpB from virulent strains are heavily methylated while the attenuated strains are hypomethylated. Western blot analysis of partially digested OmpB revealed that one of the reactive fragments was located at the N-terminus (fragment A, aa 33-272). Recently, we have over expressed, purified, and chemically methylated the recombinant fragment A from Rickettsia prowazekii (Ap). The methylated Ap was thoroughly characterized by LC/MS/MS on the ProteomeX workstation. The protein sequence of Ap with and without methylation was 87.7% and 100% identified, respectively. This high sequence coverage enabled us to determine the sites and extent of methylation on the lysine residues in Ap. All the lysine residues except the C-terminus lysine were either mono-, di- or tri-methylated. In addition, carbamylation on the N-terminus glycine was identified using a combination of denovo sequencing (DeNovoX) and the pattern recognition (SALSA) program with accurate mass measurement. We demonstrated that the use of peptide identification (SEQUEST) in combination with SALSA and denovo sequencing provided a useful means to characterize the sequence and posttranslational modifications of given proteins. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, RDD, IDD,NMRC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Thermo Finnigan, Waltham, MA USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, RDD, IDD,NMRC, 503 Robert Grand Ave,Rm 3N85, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM si.wu@neu.edu; chingw@nmrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-9639 J9 BBA-PROTEINS PROTEOM JI BBA-Proteins Proteomics PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 1702 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.08.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 865OG UT WOS:000224711800003 PM 15488766 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Pancrazio, JJ AF Taitt, CR Pancrazio, JJ TI Microarrays for biodefense and environmental applications - Preface SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS Rockville, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM crtaitt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.010 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875IB UT WOS:000225412600001 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Goldman, ER Rangasammy, JG Schauer, CL Chen, MS Taitt, CR AF Charles, PT Goldman, ER Rangasammy, JG Schauer, CL Chen, MS Taitt, CR TI Fabrication and characterization of 3D hydrogel microarrays to measure antigenicity and antibody functionality for biosensor applications SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROCHIPS; ARRAYS; DNA; IMMUNOASSAY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; IMMOBILIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB We report the fabrication, characterization and evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel thin films used to measure protein binding (antigenicity) and antibody functionality in a microarray format. Protein antigenicity was evaluated using the protein toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), as a model on highly crosslinked hydrogel thin films of polyacrylamide and on two-dimensional (2D) glass surfaces. Covalent crosslinking conditions were optimized and quantified. Interrogation of the modified 3D hydrogel was measured both by direct coupling of a Cy5-labeled SEB molecule and Cy5-anti-SEB antibody binding to immobilized unlabeled SEB. Antibody functionality experiments were conducted using three chemically modified surfaces (highly crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogels, commercially available hydrogels and 2D glass surfaces). Cy3-labeled anti-mouse IgG (capture antibody) was microarrayed onto the hydrogel surfaces and interrogated with the corresponding Cy5-labeled mouse IgG (antigen). Five different concentrations of Cy5-labeled mouse IgG were applied to each microarrayed surface and the fluorescence quantified by scanning laser confocal microscopy. Experimental results showed fluorescence intensities 3-10-fold higher for the 3D films compared to analogous 2D surfaces with attomole level sensitivity measured in direct capture immunoassays. However, 2D surfaces reported equal or greater sensitivity on a per-molecule basis. Reported also are the immobilization efficiencies, inter-and intra-slide variability and detection limits. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ptc@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Schauer, Caroline/A-1020-2007; Schauer, Caroline/D-5350-2013 NR 55 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 753 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.04.007 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875IB UT WOS:000225412600010 PM 15522590 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Shaffer, KM Lin, BC AF Delehanty, JB Shaffer, KM Lin, BC TI A comparison of microscope slide substrates for use in transfected cell microarrays SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE cellular microarray; transfection efficiency; piezoelectric; fluorescence; biosensor ID IMMUNOASSAY; ADSORPTION; BIOSENSORS; PROTEINS AB Transfected cell microarrays, arrays of mammalian cells expressing defined genes, offer enormous potential for the development of high-throughput cell-based detection technologies to monitor the presence of biological agents or environmental toxicants. The signals generated from these arrays are intimately linked to the efficiency of DNA uptake by the cells located on the micrometer-sized spots. However, quantitative analysis of the transfection efficiency on cellular microarrays has been limited. Further, little regard has been given to the role of the substrate in influencing the transfection efficiency of mammalian cells on transfected microarrays. In this report, we have quantified the transfection efficiency of mammalian cells on different microscope slide substrates. Using commercially available microscope slides bearing substrates that mediate cellular attachment (polystyrene, 3-aminopropylsilane, and poly-L-lysine), we have demonstrated the role of substrate hydrophobicity in determining the resulting spot size and the local DNA concentration when plasmid DNA is dispensed in a printing buffer containing gelatin and sucrose using a noncontact microarray printer. The mean spot diameter varied inversely with the substrate water contact angle (r(2) = 0.970). Further, the relative local plasmid DNA concentration was a function of the mean spot diameter. The deposition of Rhodamine Red-labeled plasmid DNA revealed that, across all substrates, the average fluorescence signal within the spots varied inversely with the mean spot diameter (r(2) = 0.976). The transfection efficiency of HEK 293T/17 cells varied in accord with the mean spot diameter, demonstrating that the uptake of DNA was a function of the local DNA concentration on each substrate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.04.016 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875IB UT WOS:000225412600012 PM 15522592 ER PT J AU Wu, XX Van Wie, BJ Kidwell, DA AF Wu, XX Van Wie, BJ Kidwell, DA TI An enzyme electrode for amperometric measurement of D-amino acid SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amperometric enzyme electrode; carbon paste; D-amino acids; hydrophobic FAD ID GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; BIOSENSORS; STABILITY AB A carbon paste enzyme electrode has been developed for measurement of D-amino acids that employs a fatty acid modified FAD to prevent leaching of this essential cofactor to the surrounding aqueous environment and which serves as an enzyme stabilizing agent. The lower limit of detection is at least 10-(4) M and the electrode has a linear range of 10(-4) to 3 x 10(-3) M and a response time of 180 s. Twenty L-amino acids were tested and none of them elicited responses when electrodes were exposed to 0.5 mM concentration increases over a baseline level. On the other hand, some response was observed when exposed to 18 of 20 D-amino acids varying from 2 to 200% of the corresponding D-alanine response. Electrodes were shown to have longevities of over 30 days while maintaining 85% of their original sensitivity. Electrodes showed activity over a pH of 6.2-11.7 with a maximum at 9.2 and over temperatures of 10-47degreesC with a maximum at 37degreesC. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, XX (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xiaoxi@wsu.edu; bvanwie@mail.wsu.edu; kidwell@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1016/j.jios.2004.04.002 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875IB UT WOS:000225412600025 PM 15522605 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Wang, SP AF Wang, Q Wang, SP TI Turbulent and thermodynamic structure of the autumnal Arctic boundary layer due to embedded clouds SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic boundary layer; boundary-layer clouds; turbulence; turbulent spectra ID AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; STRATUS CLOUDS; RADIATION; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; SEA AB We have studied the role of low-level clouds in modifying the thermodynamic and turbulence properties of the Arctic boundary layer during autumn. This was achieved through detailed analyses of boundary-layer properties in two regions, one with low-level cloud cover and the other free of clouds, using measurements from a research aircraft during the Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment (BASE). Both regions were measured on the same day under similar synoptic forcing. The cloudy region was characterized by strong horizontal inhomogeneity in low-level temperature and moisture that varied with the cloud-top height. The clear region was relatively homogeneous in temperature and specific humidity with a strong temperature inversion extending between heights of 100 m and 3 km. From measurements at the lowest levels, we also identified a shallow mixed layer below the deep stable layer in the clear region. Our spectral analyses revealed significant modifications of boundary-layer properties due to the presence of low-level clouds. In the cloudy region, turbulent perturbations dominated the boundary-layer flow and made large contributions to the scalar variances. In the clear boundary-layer, wave motion contributed significantly to the observed variances, while turbulent flow was relatively weak. The clear region was saturated, although no detectable clouds were measured. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM qwang@nps.navy.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 113 IS 2 BP 225 EP 247 DI 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000039375.41823.22 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 849CF UT WOS:000223515600004 ER PT J AU Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Kaiser, K Travis, WD Centeno, JA AF Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Kaiser, K Travis, WD Centeno, JA TI Trends and occupational associations in incidence of hospitalized pulmonary sarcoidosis and other lung diseases in navy personnel - A 27-year Historical Prospective Study, 1975-2001 SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; military populations; occupation; occurrence; sarcoidosis ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; RISK-FACTORS; US-NAVY; ENLISTED PERSONNEL; MARINE CORPS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPOSURE; ACCESS; EXPERIENCE; DEFINITION AB Study objectives: This study examines long-term trends in incidence rates of hospitalized pulmonary sarcoidosis in a large cohort of Navy personnel, and evaluates the possible relationship of sarcoidosis with occupation. Design: Incidence rates of first hospitalizations were determined. for black and white male Navy enlisted personnel on active duty from 1975 to 2001. Setting: Navy service includes a potential for exposure to a variety of substances, including nonskid coatings used on ship decks that may be aerosolized during removal. Particulate matter containing aluminum, titanium, and silicates has been identified in nonskid samples. Specific occupational groups may have had greater exposure potential than others. Patients or participants: Hospitalized cases included sarcoidosis (n = 674), asthma (n = 3,536), emphysema and chronic bronchitis (n = 1,103), respiratory conditions due to fumes and vapors (n = 6 1), and pneumoconiosis (n = 5 1) observed in 9,953,607 person-years of active-duty service. Interventions: None. However, improvements were made in personal protective gear and other countermeasures to prevent or limit respiratory exposures during service. Measurements and results: Annual overall hospitalized sarcoidosis incidence rates per 100,000 were 24.9 for black men and 3.5 for white men (black/white ratio of 7.1, p < 0.0001). Annual incidence rates in blacks declined markedly, particularly since 1989, but the black/white ratio remained high through 1999. Occupational associations were present in blacks and whites. Black ship's servicemen (23 cases) and aviation structural mechanics specializing in structures (12 cases) bad more than twice the expected incidence rate compared to all blacks, and white mess management specialists (15 cases) had twice the overall white incidence bate. Conclusions: There was a steep decline in incidence of hospitalized sarcoidosis in blacks in the Navy. Occupational associations suggest the possibility that a dust or moisture-related lung disease may have been erroneously classified as sarcoidosis, or, alternatively, that sarcoidosis had a previously unrecognized occupational component. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Geocenters Inc, Clinton, MD USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM gorham@nhrc.navy.mil NR 62 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2004 VL 126 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1438 DI 10.1378/chest.126.5.1431 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 872NU UT WOS:000225214700013 PM 15539709 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Hoffman, SL AF Baird, JK Hoffman, SL TI Primaquine therapy for malaria SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; BLOOD-CELLS INVITRO; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; RADICAL CURE; G6PD DEFICIENCY; DRUG REGIMEN; IRIAN-JAYA; CHLOROQUINE; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE AB Primaquine is the only available drug for preventing relapse of malaria, and confusion surrounds its use. This review examines the wide range of clinical applications of primaquine described in the medical literature between 1946 and 2004. The risk of relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria without primaquine therapy ranged from 5% to 80% or more, depending largely upon geographic location. Supervision of therapy profoundly impacts the risk of relapse, and almost all reports of malaria resistant to primaquine are associated with lack of such supervision. We nonetheless suspect that there is widespread resistance to the standard course of primaquine therapy, which is 15 mg primaquine base daily for 14 days. Clinical evidence confirms that a course of 15 mg daily for just 5 days, a regimen widely used in areas where malaria is endemic, has no discernible efficacy. This review supports a recommendation for a regimen of 0.5 mg/kg primaquine daily for 14 days, on the basis of superior efficacy and good tolerability and safety in nonpregnant persons without glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. Sanaria, Rockville, MD USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr detachment, Amer Embassy Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. EM bairdk@nmrc.navy.mil NR 108 TC 202 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1336 EP 1345 DI 10.1086/424663 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JG UT WOS:000227491800009 PM 15494911 ER PT J AU Fagen, K Silverman, ED Cole, RL AF Fagen, K Silverman, ED Cole, RL TI Detection of a pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma by FDG PET scan SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma; PET scanning C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Silverman, ED (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 204, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edsilverman@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 758 EP 759 DI 10.1097/00003072-200411000-00029 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 865PW UT WOS:000224716000029 PM 15483505 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Scaling of the segmental relaxation times of polymers and its relation to the thermal expansivity SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE segmental relaxation; thermal expansivity; glass transition; fragility; intermolecular potential ID MOLECULAR GLASS-FORMERS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; FRAGILITY; LIQUIDS; PRESSURE; FREQUENCY; DYNAMICS; EQUATION AB Segmental relaxation times of polymers measured at various temperatures and pressures can be superposed as a function of temperature, using a shift factor equal to the specific volume raised to a power. The material-specific scaling exponent can be linked to the nature of the intermolecular repulsive potential for the material. We show the relationship of this scaling exponent to the thermal expansivity of the material, and how it can be used to sort out the different contributions to the temperature dependence of the local dynamics. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mail NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0303-402X J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 283 IS 1 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s00396-004-1156-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 870GY UT WOS:000225046800014 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, PJ TI Network laws SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIELD C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. ACM, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Superior, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 2004 VL 47 IS 11 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1145/975817.975834 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 866EA UT WOS:000224755400006 ER PT J AU Cavendish, JJ Fugit, RV Safani, M AF Cavendish, JJ Fugit, RV Safani, M TI Role of antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease I: acute coronary syndromes SO CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION LA English DT Article DE acute coronary syndromes; antiplatelet; atherothrombosis; myocardial infarction; unstable angina ID PRACTICE GUIDELINES COMMITTEE; ASSOCIATION TASK-FORCE; ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; INTERVENTION; CLOPIDOGREL; MANAGEMENT; ASPIRIN; UPDATE AB The acute coronary syndromes (ACS), consisting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina, remain a leading cause of death in the United States. Through the process of atherothrombosis, underlying atherosclerosis can progress to an acute ischemic coronary event. This disease mechanism is also common to ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease. As ACS is a heterogeneous disease, accurate patient diagnosis and risk categorization is essential. Treatment approaches for both STEMI and NSTEMI ACS consist of a combination of surgical intervention and pharmacotherapy, with antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel, aspirin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists playing an essential role. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Denver Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Long Beach Mem Med Ctr, CA & Volunteer Fac, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Cavendish, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 3,3rd Floor,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM JJCavendish@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIBRAPHARM PI NEWBURY PA C/O DR. PETER L CLARKE, 26-32 VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY RG19 6HX, BERKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0300-7995 J9 CURR MED RES OPIN JI Curr. Med. Res. Opin. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1839 EP 1843 DI 10.1185/030079904X10665 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 876HX UT WOS:000225488600018 PM 15537484 ER PT J AU Cavendish, JJ Cramer, SC Graham, GD AF Cavendish, JJ Cramer, SC Graham, GD TI Role of antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease II: Ischemic stroke SO CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION LA English DT Article DE antiplatelet; atherothrombosis; ischemic stroke; transient ischemic attack ID HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; CLOPIDOGREL; ASPIRIN; ATTACK; COMMUNITY; EVENTS; MATCH; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; INFARCTION AB The etiology of cerebrovascular disease is heterogeneous, with the majority of strokes being of ischemic origin. Transient ischemic attack is now considered to be an important precursor and long-term risk factor for ischemic stroke, Given the lack of acute therapies for ischemic stroke, current treatments focus on secondary prevention through risk-factor management, pharmacotherapy and interventional approaches. As illustrated in this paper, antiplatelet agents (e.g. clopidogrel, aspirin, dipyridamole) are the cornerstone of therapy for prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Anat, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, VA Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, VA Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, VA Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cavendish, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 3,3rd Floor,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM JJCavendish@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Graham, Gerard/0000-0002-7801-204X NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIBRAPHARM PI NEWBURY PA C/O DR. PETER L CLARKE, 26-32 VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY RG19 6HX, BERKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0300-7995 J9 CURR MED RES OPIN JI Curr. Med. Res. Opin. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1845 EP 1849 DI 10.1185/030079904X10674 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 876HX UT WOS:000225488600019 PM 15537485 ER PT J AU Cavendish, JJ Safani, M AF Cavendish, JJ Safani, M TI Role of antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease III: Peripheral arterial disease SO CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION LA English DT Article DE antiplatelet; claudication; cross-risk; peripheral arterial disease ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; PREVENTION; STROKE; METAANALYSIS; RISK; PREVALENCE; AWARENESS; EVENTS; TRIALS AB Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of the atherosclerotic disease process, typically affecting vascular beds in the lower extremities. In its most severe form PAD may lead to limb amputation. Patients with PAD are also at increased cross-risk of thrombosis at coronary and cerebrovascular sites. However, despite its prevalence and severity, PAD is underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this collection of case studies, the role of the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel in current treatment strategies for the management of PAD is highlighted. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Long Beach Mem Med Ctr, CA & Volunteer Fac, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Cavendish, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 3,3rd Floor,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM JJCavendish@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIBRAPHARM PI NEWBURY PA C/O DR. PETER L CLARKE, 26-32 VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY RG19 6HX, BERKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0300-7995 J9 CURR MED RES OPIN JI Curr. Med. Res. Opin. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1851 EP 1855 DI 10.1185/030079904X10683 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 876HX UT WOS:000225488600020 PM 15537486 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC TI Reply to comments on the need to reconsider traditional free volume theory for polymer electrolytes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material DE electrical conductivity; complex impedance; lithium electrolytes; high-pressure ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VISCOSITY; PRESSURE; RELAXATION; LICF3SO3; DYNAMICS; FLUIDS; LAW AB New aspects of the defect diffusion model (DDM) are presented. First, it is shown that if the correlation volume exhibits two dimensional scaling, e.g. grows in two dimensions more rapidly than in a third orthogonal direction, the standard Vogel relation is obtained. Second, it is,pointed out that, independent of the dimensionality, partial derivative ln sigma/partial derivativeP should be proportional to a ln sigma/a ln T where the proportionality constant is -partial derivative ln T-c/partial derivativeP. It is shown that both of these results are consistent with the temperature and pressure variation of the electrical conductivity for 20:1 PPG:LiCF3SO3 below about 1.3 times the glass transition temperature, T-g. Finally, the DDM is compared with the free volume theory (FVT) of Dlubek et al. who have reconsidered "traditional" FVT and presented a formalism where the free volume is not proportional to the macroscopic volume. One aspect of the new FVT, which is difficult to understand is that the compressibility of the occupied volume is larger than the compressibility of the free volume. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jjf@usna.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 28 BP 5249 EP 5252 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.06.033 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 868XF UT WOS:000224945700025 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA Joyce, PJ AF Joyce, JA Joyce, PJ TI Toughness characterization of a metal filled PolyTetraFluoroEthylene using the J-integral SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LOAD SEPARATION CRITERION; J-R CURVES; NORMALIZATION METHOD; FRACTURE CHARACTERIZATION; POLYMERS AB PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) is a semi-crystalline polymer that demonstrates a range of fracture properties when tested at various temperatures and loading rates. The addition of a powdered aluminum filler to obtain enhanced mechanical properties results in a multiphase material containing, crystalline, amorphous and filler phases. In this work fracture toughness is measured for the aluminum filled PTFE material over a range of test temperatures and loading rates using a version of the ASTM E1820 normalization method and the non-linear elastic J-integral. The normalization method works exceptionally well for this material to define both the initiation fracture toughness and the J-integral resistance curves over a wide range of test conditions. When this material is loaded at modest rates, at or above ambient temperature it demonstrates a high toughness behavior, but if the test rate is elevated to 25 mm/s or above the fracture toughness rapidly falls. On the other hand, if elevated temperatures or slow loading rates are used, time-dependent crack growth is observed, and the fracture toughness in this' instance is also very low. Scanning electron microscope observations show that very different micromechanical mechanisms exist under these different loading conditions resulting in the dramatic changes in material toughness observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jaj@usna.edu OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 71 IS 16-17 BP 2513 EP 2531 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2003.12.009 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 830QU UT WOS:000222138600017 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, A AF Jordan, PM Puri, A TI Noncausal effects arising from a Maxwell fluid model with negative relaxation SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUIDS; EQUATIONS; ELASTICITY AB The physically unrealistic implications of negative relaxation in continuum mechanics is explored in the context of Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids. In addition, the electrodynamic analogue of negative relaxation is discussed and several lessons for students are presented. Lastly, two of Maxwell's important contributions to the physical sciences are noted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM apuri@uno.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/25/6/015 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 876FZ UT WOS:000225483400015 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Papaconstantopoulos, DA Singh, DJ Mehl, MJ AF Johannes, MD Papaconstantopoulos, DA Singh, DJ Mehl, MJ TI A tight-binding investigation of the NaxCoO2 Fermi surface SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NACO2O4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HEAT AB We perform an orthogonal basis tight-binding fit to an LAPW calculation of paramagnetic NaxCoO2 for several dopings. The optimal position of the apical oxygen at each doping is resolved, revealing a non- trivial dependence of the band structure and Fermi surface on oxygen height. We find that the small e'(g) hole pockets are preserved throughout all investigated dopings and discuss some possible reasons for the lack of experimental evidence for these Fermi sheets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10254-x PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 870KX UT WOS:000225057100017 ER PT J AU Holland, KT Green, AW Abelev, A Valent, PJ AF Holland, KT Green, AW Abelev, A Valent, PJ TI Parameterization of the in-water motions of falling cylinders using high-speed video SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB A methodology to observe the motions of large cylinders falling freely at large (10(6)) Reynolds numbers using a stereometric, high-speed video technique is presented. Parameter variation in length, weight, center of mass, and nose shape combined with changes in release height and initial inclination angle were used to estimate the influence of net drag forces on six cylinder bodies. Cylinders with coincident centers of volume and mass typically assumed body orientations with the major axis aligned normal to the path of descent indicating that buoyancy forces and turbulent drag balanced the inertia of the body and displaced water. Displacement of the center of mass resulted in more vertical orientations and more complex motions. Abrupt changes in position, orientation, and velocity were also observed when air-dropped cylinders separated from a trapped cloud of bubbles signifying the onset of less predictable behaviors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Omni Technol Inc, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tholland@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD NOV PY 2004 VL 37 IS 5 BP 690 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s00348-004-0859-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 869AV UT WOS:000224955600007 ER PT J AU Le Roch, KG Johnson, JR Florens, L Zhou, YY Santrosyan, A Grainger, M Yan, SF Williamson, KC Holder, AA Carucci, DJ Yates, JR Winzeler, EA AF Le Roch, KG Johnson, JR Florens, L Zhou, YY Santrosyan, A Grainger, M Yan, SF Williamson, KC Holder, AA Carucci, DJ Yates, JR Winzeler, EA TI Global analysis of transcript and protein levels across the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA ABUNDANCE; MASS-SPECTRAL DATA; MALARIA PARASITE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE ANTIGEN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; LEISHMANIA-CHAGASI; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SURFACE PROTEIN AB To investigate the role of post-transcriptional controls in the regulation of protein expression for the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, we have compared mRNA transcript and protein abundance levels for seven different stages of the parasite life cycle. A moderately high positive relationship between mRNA and protein abundance was observed for these stages; the most common discrepancy was a delay between mRNA and protein accumulation. Potentially post-transcriptionally regulated genes are identified, and families of functionally related genes were observed to share similar patterns of mRNA and protein accumulation. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Parasitol, London NW7 1AA, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program IDD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Winzeler, EA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, ICND202, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM winzeler@scripps.edu RI Holder, Anthony/A-7554-2013; OI Holder, Anthony/0000-0002-8490-6058; Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117532067]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000833, M01 RR00833] NR 68 TC 260 Z9 269 U1 1 U2 15 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2308 EP 2318 DI 10.1101/gr.2523904 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 868LC UT WOS:000224914100012 PM 15520293 ER PT J AU Pauchard, A Bitter, M Pan, Z Kristjansson, S Hodge, LA Williams, KJ Tulchinsky, DA Hummel, SG Lo, YH AF Pauchard, A Bitter, M Pan, Z Kristjansson, S Hodge, LA Williams, KJ Tulchinsky, DA Hummel, SG Lo, YH TI Infrared-sensitive InGaAs-on-Si p-i-n photodetectors exhibiting high-power linearity SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrared detectors; optical receivers; photodetectors; photodiodes; wafer bonding ID NONLINEARITIES; PHOTODIODES AB We report on the device fabrication and measured performance of p-i-n photodiodes made from wafer-bonded InGaAs-on-Si material. Dark currents below 38 pA and 3-dB bandwidths above 11 GHz were measured for a -4-V bias and for an active area diameter of 20 mum. The thermal conductivity of silicon enables a 200-MHz 1-dB compression current of 76.5 mA, measured on nonoptimized test devices. These devices dissipate upwards of 612 mW of electrical power. High-yield wafer-scale fabrication of InGaAs-on-Si p-i-n photodetectors is demonstrated. C1 Nova Crystals, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Accent Opt Technol, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Pauchard, A (reprint author), Nova Crystals, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. EM alexandre_pauchard@ieee.org; martin_bitter@yahoo.com; pan_zhong@yahoo.com; sigikristjansson@yahoo.com; keith.williams@navy.nrl.mil; david.tulchinsky@nrl.navy.mil; shummel@accentopto.com; ylo@ece.ucsd.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2544 EP 2546 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.835215 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 863MR UT WOS:000224566500048 ER PT J AU Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W AF Allen, OE Wasylkiwskyj, W TI Antenna pattern synthesis in operational environments with electromagnetic compatibility-based constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE antenna array; electromagnetic compatibility; method of moments (MoM); on-board antennas; pattern synthesis ID ARRAY ANTENNAS; OPTIMIZATION; SCATTERERS AB A general linear least squares synthesis technique for antenna arrays is presented that takes account of mutual coupling among array elements and interactions with array's physical surroundings. The technique can be applied to optimize the radiation pattern of arbitrary arrays in their operational environment while simultaneously addressing electromagnetic compatibility based constraints. Examples employing the wire and plate-dielectric (WIPL-D) numerical code are presented to illustrate the approach. Use of this technique with experimental data has also been performed and will be reported in future paper. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. George Washington Univ, Engn & Appl Sci Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Allen, OE (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM oliver.allen@navy.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 668 EP 674 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2004.837955 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 874PZ UT WOS:000225363600019 ER PT J AU Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Twarog, EM Poe, GA Purdy, W Richardson, D Grossman, W Jones, WL Spencer, D Golba, G Cleveland, J Choy, L Bevilacqua, RM Chang, PS AF Gaiser, PW St Germain, KM Twarog, EM Poe, GA Purdy, W Richardson, D Grossman, W Jones, WL Spencer, D Golba, G Cleveland, J Choy, L Bevilacqua, RM Chang, PS TI The WindSat spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer: Sensor description and early orbit performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ocean surface winds; remote sensing; WindSat ID SSM/I; SPEED AB The global ocean surface wind vector is a key parameter for short-term weather forecasting, the issuing of timely weather warnings, and the gathering of general climatological data. In addition, it affects a broad range of naval missions, including strategic ship movement and positioning, aircraft carrier operations, aircraft deployment, effective weapons use, underway replenishment, and littoral operations. WindSat is a satellite-based multifrequency polarimetric microwave radiometer developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Integrated Program Office. It is designed to demonstrate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. The sensor provides risk reduction for the development of the Conical Microwave Imager Sounder, which is planned to provide wind vector data operationally starting in 2010. WindSat is the primary payload on the Department of Defense Coriolis satellite, which was launched on January 6, 2003. It is in an 840-km circular sun-synchronous orbit. The WindSat payload is performing well and is currently undergoing rigorous calibration and validation to verify mission success. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Appl Syst Engn Inc, Gambrills, MD 21054 USA. Microwave Remote Syst Engn Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.gaiser@nrl.navy.mil RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938 NR 18 TC 192 Z9 210 U1 4 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2347 EP 2361 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.836867 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 871YG UT WOS:000225171900001 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, PM TI Image distortion analysis using polynomial series expansion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE image processing and computer vision; image registration; pattern recognition; text processing; computer vision; text processing AB In this paper, we derive a technique for analysis of local distortions which affect data in real-world applications. In the paper, we focus on image data, specifically handwritten characters. Given a reference image and a distorted copy of it, the method is able to efficiently determine the rotations, translations, scaling, and any other distortions that have been applied. Because the method is robust, it is also able to estimate distortions for two unrelated images, thus determining the distortions that would be required to cause the two images to resemble each other. The approach is based on a polynomial series expansion using matrix powers of linear transformation matrices. The technique has applications in pattern recognition in the presence of distortions. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1438 EP 1451 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.106 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 852EC UT WOS:000223737000004 PM 15521492 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Dell, RF Newman, AM AF Brown, GG Dell, RF Newman, AM TI Optimizing military capital planning SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE finance; capital budgets; military; defense systems ID OPTIMIZATION; MODEL; AIR AB Planning United States military procurement commits a significant portion of our nation's wealth and determines our ability to defend ourselves, our allies, and our principles over the long term. Our military pioneered and has long used mathematical optimization to unravel the distinguishing complexities of military capital planning. The succession of mathematical optimization models we present exhibits increasingly detailed features; such embellishments are always needed for real-world, long-term procurement decision models. Two case studies illustrate practical modeling tricks that are useful in helping decision makers decide how to spend about a trillion dollars. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu; dell@nps.edu; newman@mines.edu NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.1287/inte.1040.0107 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 885TL UT WOS:000226179700001 ER PT J AU Danielson, DA Wilmer, A AF Danielson, DA Wilmer, A TI Buckling of stiffened plates with bulb flat flanges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE ship structures; grillages; stiffened plates; buckling; bulb flat; Saint-Venant; torsion; steel; elasticity ID AXIAL-COMPRESSION AB The subject of this research is the buckling behavior of a rectangular plate, with a bulb flat stiffener attached to one side of the plate. The stiffener cross section has a thin web and a bulb flat flange that extends to one side of the web. The stiffened plate structure is subjected to axial compression that increases to the buckling load. Results of the investigation include planar property formulas for the asymmetric flange geometry, an analytic expression for the Saint-Venant torsional constant of the flange cross section, and an analytic expression for the buckling stress corresponding to a tripping mode of the structure. The torsional constant for the bulb flat stiffener is 15-23% higher than understood previously. The analytic expression for the buckling stress of a bulb flat stiffened plate differs by less than 4% from finite element and experimental results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Danielson, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dad@nps.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 22-23 BP 6407 EP 6427 DI 10.1016/j.ijsoltr.2004.05.063 PG 21 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 857RN UT WOS:000224136100020 ER PT J AU Hasson, DF AF Hasson, DF TI Materials in the movies SO JOM LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hasson, DF (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD NOV PY 2004 VL 56 IS 11 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 871KE UT WOS:000225129600009 ER PT J AU Williams, KM Westphal, CD Shriver-Lake, LC AF Williams, KM Westphal, CD Shriver-Lake, LC TI Determination of egg proteins in snack food and noodles SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; WHITE; PRODUCTS; MILK; ALLERGENS AB Egg is one of the 5 major allergenic foods that are responsible for more than 3/4 of food allergies in children. Food-allergic responses can be controlled by avoidance of the offending foods. The applicability of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the detection of egg in food products such as cookies, crackers, pretzels, salad dressings, and raw and cooked noodles was evaluated. A preliminary evaluation of an antibody-based biosensor was also performed. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) whole dried egg powder reference material, SRM 8415, was used as a standard. A homogeneous and stable aqueous egg suspension was prepared for the evaluation of the performance of the Veratox for Egg Allergen Test (Neogen Corp., Lansing, MI). This test does not detect egg yolk proteins. Each gram of the aqueous dried egg suspension contained 643 mug whole dried egg, 0.5 mg thimerosal, and 2.5 mg bovine serum albumin. When cookies, crackers, salad dressings, noodles, and ice cream were spiked at a level of 24 mg/kg SRM 8415, recoveries for whole egg averaged about 28%. All foods containing egg as indicated on the ingredient label were found positive by the Veratox test. No false positives occurred in samples that did not contain eggs. Similar results were obtained using the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) array biosensor, an evanescent wave fluoroimmunosensor. Results for cooked noodles showed that they contained <1% of the egg found in uncooked noodles. A comparison of extracts from cooked and uncooked noodles by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed differences in protein profiles. The boiling of the noodles could have reduced the immunoreactivity of the egg proteins to the antibodies used in the kit or rendered the egg proteins nonextractable. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, KM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 8301 Muikirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM kwillia2@cfsan.fda.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1485 EP 1491 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 878TH UT WOS:000225669200031 PM 15675463 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS TI Applications of array biosensor for detection of food allergens SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOSENSOR; OVALBUMIN; PRODUCTS; ANALYTES; SAMPLES AB Although food is a necessity, compounds within food products can be dangerous and life-threatening for people with food allergies. These allergy-causing compounds, such as proteins from eggs and milk, must be identified on the labels of commercial products. Unintentional contamination of food with these compounds occurs as a result of storage, manufacturing procedures, or cleaning procedures. A sensitive, specific, and rapid method to identify foods containing allergens is required by the food industry. The array biosensor, a rapid detection system, may provide a solution to this need. The array biosensor performs fluorescent immunoassays on the surface of a planar waveguide by first running samples, then fluorescently labeled antibodies, over a surface patterned with capture antibodies. An optical image is captured by a charged-coupled device camera and converted into fluorescence values. Signal intensity and spot location provide information on the compound and its concentration. The array biosensor has been successfully demonstrated for toxin, bacteria, and virus detection at low levels in under 20 min in food, clinical samples, and environmental matrixes. An assay for detection of ovalbumin as an indicator of egg contamination has been developed with limits of detection of 25 pg/mL in buffer and 1.3 ng/mL (13 ng/g) in non-egg pasta extract (buffer:pasta 10:1, v/w). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcs@cbmse.nri.navy.mil NR 31 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1502 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 878TH UT WOS:000225669200033 PM 15675465 ER PT J AU McAlpine, TC Greene, KR Santilli, MR Olafsen, LJ Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF McAlpine, TC Greene, KR Santilli, MR Olafsen, LJ Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI Resonantly pumped optical pumping injection cavity lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIDINFRARED W LASERS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; DIODE-LASERS AB An optical parametric oscillator is tuned to the resonance wavelength of the etalon in an optical pumping injection cavity (OPIC) laser with a type-II "W" active region, thereby minimizing the threshold pump intensity and maximizing the output slope efficiency. Previous OPIC experiments employed fixed-wavelength sources with only limited tuning available by adjusting the incident angle. Low threshold pump intensities of 330 W/cm(2) at 100 K and 14 kW/cm(2) at 300 K (where the output wavelength is 3200 nm) were achieved. The energy conversion efficiency is found to decrease by over a factor of 100 when the pump wavelength is tuned from the resonance condition (1822 nm at 300 K) to only slightly off resonance (e.g., 1808 nm). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, CN 5300, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Olafsen, LJ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM lolafsen@ku.edu RI Olafsen, Linda/G-4996-2013 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 9 BP 4751 EP 4754 DI 10.1063/1.1801164 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UQ UT WOS:000224799300006 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Qi, YQ Chen, YC Shi, P Mao, QW AF Chu, PC Qi, YQ Chen, YC Shi, P Mao, QW TI South China Sea wind-wave characteristics. Part I: Validation of Wavewatch-III using TOPEX/Poseidon data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE; GEOSAT; MODEL; ERNIE AB A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind-wave model, Wavewatch-III, has been implemented in the South China Sea (SCS) for investigating wind-wave characteristics. This model was developed at the Ocean Modeling Branch of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The NASA QuickSCAT data (0.25degrees resolution) 2 times daily were used to simulate the wind waves for the entire year of 2000. The significant wave heights from Wavewatch-III are compared to the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) significant wave height data over the satellite crossover points in SCS. The model errors of significant wave height have Gaussian-type distribution with a small mean value of 0.02 m (almost no bias). The model errors are comparable to the T/P altimeter accuracy (0.5 m) in the central SCS and are smaller than the T/P altimeter accuracy in the northern and southern SCS, which indicates the capability of Wavewatch-III for SCS wave simulation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil RI QI, Yiquan/H-2637-2012 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1718 EP 1733 DI 10.1175/JTECH1661.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870ZW UT WOS:000225099300008 ER PT J AU Blair, PJ Jiang, J Schoeler, GB Moron, C Anaya, E Cespedes, M Cruz, C Felices, V Guevara, C Mendoza, L Villaseca, P Sumner, JW Richards, AL Olson, JG AF Blair, PJ Jiang, J Schoeler, GB Moron, C Anaya, E Cespedes, M Cruz, C Felices, V Guevara, C Mendoza, L Villaseca, P Sumner, JW Richards, AL Olson, JG TI Characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in flea and tick specimens from northern Peru SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CAT FLEAS; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; BORNE RICKETTSIOSES; GENUS RICKETTSIA; MURINE TYPHUS; PROTEIN ROMPA AB Evidence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae was obtained from flea pools and individual ticks collected at three sites in northwestern Peru within the focus of an outbreak of febrile disease in humans attributed, in part, to SFG rickettsia infections. Molecular identification of the etiologic agents from these samples was determined after partial sequencing of the 17-kDa common antigen gene (htrA) as well as pairwise nucleoticle sequence homology with one or more of the following genes: gltA, ompA, and ompB. Amplification and sequencing of portions of the htrA and ompA genes in pooled samples (2 of 59) taken from fleas identified the pathogen Rickettsia felis. Four tick samples yielded molecular evidence of SFG rickettsiae. Fragments of the ompA (540-bp) and ompB (2,484-bp) genes were amplified from a single Amblyomma maculatum tick (tick 124) and an Ixodes boliviensis tick (tick 163). The phylogenetic relationships between the rickettsiae in these samples and other rickettsiae were determined after comparison of their ompB sequences by the neighbor-joining method. The dendrograms generated showed that the isolates exhibited close homology (97%) to R. aeschli-mannii and R. rhipicephali. Significant bootstrap values supported clustering adjacent to this nodule of the SFG rickettsiae. While the agents identified in the flea and tick samples have not been linked to human cases in the area, these results demonstrate for the first time that at least two SFG rickettsia agents were circulating in northern Peru at the time of the outbreak. Furthermore, molecular analysis of sequences derived from the two separate species of hard ticks identified a possibly novel member of the SFG rickettsiae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, NIH, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blair, PJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132,FPO AP 96520-8132, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM blair@namru2.med.NAVY.mil NR 53 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4961 EP 4967 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.114961-4967.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 871QV UT WOS:000225149300007 PM 15528680 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Evans, TE AF Shen, CY Evans, TE TI A free-surface hydrodynamic model for density-stratified flow in the weakly to strongly non-hydrostatic regime SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVE GENERATION; SOLITARY WAVES; INTEGRATION; OCEAN; EQUATIONS; FORM AB A non-hydrostatic density-stratified hydrodynamic model with a free surface has been developed from the vorticity equations rather than the usual momentum equations. This approach has enabled the model to be obtained in two different forms, weakly non-hydrostatic and fully non-hydrostatic, with the computationally efficient weakly non-hydrostatic form applicable to motions having horizontal scales greater than the local water depth. The hydrodynamic model in both its weakly and fully non-hydrostatic forms is validated numerically using exact nonlinear non-hydrostatic solutions given by the Dubriel-Jacotin-Long equation for periodic internal gravity waves, internal solitary waves, and flow over a ridge. The numerical code is developed based on a semi-Lagrangian scheme and higher order finite-difference spatial differentiation and interpolation. To demonstrate the applicability of the model to coastal ocean situations, the problem of tidal generation of internal solitary waves at a shelf-break is considered. Simulations carried out with the model obtain the evolution of solitary wave generation and propagation consistent with past results. Moreover, the weakly non-hydrostatic simulation is shown to compare favorably with the fully non-hydrostatic simulation. The capability of the present model to simulate efficiently relatively large scale non-hydrostatic motions suggests that the weakly non-hydrostatic form of the model may be suitable for application in a large-area domain while the computationally intensive fully non-hydrostatic form of the model may be used in an embedded sub-domain where higher resolution is needed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7230,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shen@nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 2 BP 695 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.04.015 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 864SL UT WOS:000224653100013 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP AF Schultz, MP TI Frictional resistance of antifouling coating systems SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; FOULING-RELEASE COATINGS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; ADHESION; SCALE; SHIPS AB An experimental study has been made to compare the frictional resistance of several ship hall coatings in the unfouled, fouled, and cleaned conditions. Hydrodynamic tests were completed in a towing tank using a flat plate test fixture towed at a Reynolds number (Re(L)) range of 2.8 x 10(6) -5.5 x 10(6) based on the plate length and towing velocity. The results indicate little difference in frictional resistance coefficient (C(F)) among the coatings in the unfouled condition. Significant differences were observed after 287 days of marine exposure, with the silicone antifouling coatings showing the largest increases in CF. While several of the surfaces returned to near their unfouled resistance after cleaning, coating damage led to significant increases in CF for other coatings. The roughness function Delta U(+) for the unfouled coatings showed reasonable collapse to a Colebrook-type roughness function when the centerline average height (k =0.17R(a)) was used as the roughness length scale. Excellent collapse of the roughness function for the barnacle,fouled surfaces was obtained using a new roughness length scale based on the barnacle height and percent coverage. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2004 VL 126 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1047 DI 10.1115/1.1845552 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 911XA UT WOS:000228038800018 ER PT J AU Horton, T Shin, AY Cooney, WP AF Horton, T Shin, AY Cooney, WP TI Isolated scaphoid dislocation associated with axial carpal dissociation: An unusual injury report SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE scaphoid dislocation; axial carpal dissociation; acute injury; diagnosis; treatment ID BONE; CAPITATE; HAND AB We present a report of a patient with an isolated scaphoid dislocation associated with a hyperextension and axial loading injury of the carpus required a careful and extensive clinical and radiographic evaluation leading to surgical intervention to reduce and stabilize the scaphoid and to reduce and hold internally the axial carpal injury. Knowledge of the anatomy and the potential injury patterns of the carpus will aid the hand surgeon with injury recognition and proper treatment. Copyright (C) 2004 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. C1 Mayo Clin, Div Hand Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Hand Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 29A IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1108 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.06.018 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 876SQ UT WOS:000225518200019 PM 15576223 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Lubitz, P Zheng, Y Edelstein, AS AF Cheng, SF Lubitz, P Zheng, Y Edelstein, AS TI Effects of spacer layer on growth, stress and magnetic properties of sputtered permalloy film SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Technologies (ISAMT 2003) CY NOV 13-16, 2003 CL Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, TAIWAN SP Taiwan Assoc Magnet Technol, Opto Elect & Syst Lab, ITRI HO Acad Sinica, Inst Phys DE permalloy film; film stress; film texture; stripe domain ID THIN-FILMS; 1/F NOISE; SENSORS AB A microelectromechanical (MEMS) flux concentrator (J. Appl. phys. 91 (2002) 7795), is a device that will minimize 1/ f noise in magnetic sensors by modulating the magnetic field at the position of the sensor. This requires high permeability and low stress permalloy (Py) films to be deposited on the MEMS flaps (J. Appl. phys. 91 (2002) 7795). Py (Ni80Fe20) films from 100 to 560 nm thick were deposited on Si substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. The effects of deposition conditions on the grain morphology, texture, stress and magnetic properties were studied. Lower sputtering pressure changes film stress from tension to compression and increases the <111> out of film plane texture, while higher power increases tension and texture. Neutral film stress was obtained with 100 W of sputtering power and 1.25 mTorr of Ar gas pressure. With increasing thickness, the Py film was found to develop a stripe-like domain configuration at low fields because of strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. The critical thickness is around 180nm. This may be explained by a competition between planar demagnetization fields and columnar magnetic anisotropy. Adding 5 nm of Ta or Cr layer as spacer successfully broke up the continuity of the magnetic structure and allowed us to produce high-permeability films by fabricating (Ta/Py) or (Cr/Py) multilayer films with each Py layer thinner than the critical thickness. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, QSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chengs@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 282 SI SI BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.027 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 866ZF UT WOS:000224811200028 ER PT J AU Sica, L AF Sica, L TI The connection between Bell's inequalities based on probabilities and those based on correlations SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT ID HIDDEN-VARIABLES; VIOLATION AB Violation of Bell inequalities is widely regarded as a definitive test for non-locality. However, Bell correlational inequalities must always be satisfied by all jointly present, cross-correlated data. The correlations of variable pairs obtained in repeated runs are not cross-correlated in this way and are not required to satisfy the Bell inequality. In addition, by using information regarded as non-local, proper joint correlations may be computed among counterfactual and measured variables. These correlations satisfy the Bell inequality, but are spatially non-stationary in angle. By using a simple symmetry condition, such considerations may be extended to inequalities in probabilities. The latter may be derived directly from correlational inequalities developed by Clauser, Horner, Shimony and Holt (CHSH). Violation of either correlational or probabilistic Bell inequalities then implies that the Bell correlation cannot be accounted for by a stochastic process that is spatially stationary in angle coordinates. However, other processes may still be allowed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5660, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 16-18 SI SI BP 2461 EP 2468 DI 10.1080/09500340408231804 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885MI UT WOS:000226160700012 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Bashkansky, M Reintjes, J Scully, MO AF Beadie, G Bashkansky, M Reintjes, J Scully, MO TI Towards a FAST-CARS anthrax detector: analysis of cars generation from DPA SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT AB Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a marker molecule for bacterial spores of anthrax, has been investigated. The temporal evolution of the CARS response of DPA was examined using two ultrafast pulses to 'pump' the DPA and a third pulse to probe the response. In one set of experiments, a single detector recorded the temporal behaviour of the signal as a function of different pump conditions. In another set of experiments, the full anti-Strokes spectrum was recorded as a function of probe delay. The data from both experiments displayed a strong, instantaneous response and a structured transient response. The implications of these data for molecular detection are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5614,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guy.beadie@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 16-18 SI SI BP 2627 EP 2635 DI 10.1080/09500340408231821 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885MI UT WOS:000226160700029 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, VL TI Reduced-density-matrix descriptions for coherent electromagnetic interactions in quantized many-electron systems SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; SCATTERING; RADIATION; PLASMAS; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; STORAGE; LIGHT AB A reduced-density-matrix description is developed for coherent linear and non-linear electromagnetic interactions Of quantized electronic systems in the presence of environmental decoherence and relaxation phenomena. Applications of interest include many-electron atomic systems and semiconductor materials. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency domain (resolvent-operator) formulations of the reduced-density-matrix approach are developed in a unified manner. The general non-Markovian formulations provide a rigorous foundation for the systematic introduction of the commonly used Born (lowest-order perturbation-theory) and Markov (short-rnemory-time) approximations. A preliminary semiclassical perturbation-theory treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is introduced, based on a coupled hierarchy of relationships for the field components of the reduced density operator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 16-18 SI SI BP 2741 EP 2751 DI 10.1080/09500340408231833 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885MI UT WOS:000226160700041 ER PT J AU Lach-Hab, M Akdim, B Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N AF Lach-Hab, M Akdim, B Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N TI Application of the NRL tight-binding method to the heavy elements Pb and Po SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE elastic properties; electronic structure; equations-of-state; mechanical properties; phonons; thermal expansion ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; NOBLE-METALS; CONSTANTS; LEAD AB We have applied the NRL tight-binding (TB) method to study the mechanical and electronic properties of the heavy elements Pb and Po. The predicted properties include ground-state structure, electronic band structure and elastic moduli. Phonon-dispersion curves at T = 0 K were also determined. As demonstrated in this paper, the results are in good agreement with the full potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations and the available experimental data. In addition, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations to obtain various temperature-dependent quantities of Pb such as the atomic mean-square displacement, Debye-Waller factor and thermal expansion coefficient. With our TB we have also calculated the vacancy formation energy of Pb. Finally, we report on the effects of spin-orbit coupling, through our TB scheme, on electronic structure and energetic properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lachhab@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1837 EP 1842 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.06.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 864JR UT WOS:000224630300012 ER PT J AU Moore, FG Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG Hymer, TC TI Approximate method to estimate wing trailing-edge bluntness effects on normal force SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 42nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2004 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A new semiempirical method has been developed to estimate the effect of wing trailing-edge bluntness on configuration normal force and center of pressure. The new method has been integrated into the aeroprediction code (APC) and will be a part of the next release in 2005 (AP05). Comparison of the new method for several cases where experimental data were available showed that the modified version of the AP05 gave improved predictions of aerodynamics compared to the 2002 version of the APC (AP02) and experiment. In addition to improvements in normal force and center of pressure, some improvement in axial force at transonic and subsonic speeds was also made for wings with truncated leading or trailing edges. The axial force improvements were based on improved two-dimensional base pressure coefficients and a simple method to estimate the axial force of a truncated wing leading edge. C1 Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapon Syst Dept, Missile Syst Div,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), Aeropredict Inc, 9449 Grover Dr,Suite 201, King George, VA 22485 USA. EM drfgmoore@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 932 EP 941 DI 10.2514/1.2192 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 881ER UT WOS:000225846700005 ER PT J AU Boober, WH Lau, GG Benjamin, KC Walsh, KM AF Boober, WH Lau, GG Benjamin, KC Walsh, KM TI The comb waveform as an efficient method for wideband transducer measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An efficient acoustic calibration technique based on a uniformly weighted comb waveform is presented. The method takes advantage of the linear, time invariant nature of the measurement configuration and the comb's wide bandwidth to capture all spectral components of interest for a device under test in a single ping. Measured results comparing single ping comb measurements with conventionally obtained tonal measurements are presented. The examples given illustrate the accuracy and utility of this technique for the calibration of broadband systems. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. K&M Engn LTD, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. RP Benjamin, KC (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM benjaminkc@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 116 IS 5 BP 2802 EP 2806 DI 10.1121/1.1808222 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 874DQ UT WOS:000225331500011 ER PT J AU Nicholas, M Perkins, JS Orris, GJ Fialkowski, LT Heard, GJ AF Nicholas, M Perkins, JS Orris, GJ Fialkowski, LT Heard, GJ TI Environmental inversion and matched-field tracking with a surface ship and an L-shaped receiver array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; LOCALIZATION; SIGNALS; WAVE AB Acoustic data from the natural broadband signature of a quiet surface ship, recorded on the vertical leg of an L-shaped array, is used to invert for the local geo-acoustic parameters. and the resulting effective environment is used for subsequent tracking of the surface ship using a matched-field tracking technique applied to the full array. The matched-field analysis includes a comparison-of the incoherent product of the processed data from the horizontal and vertical subapertures with coherent processing of the data from the full L-shaped array. Subaperture processing is of interest since there is a (loose) requirement that the number of data snapshots be greater than or equal to the number of array elements. This presents averaging difficulties for large arrays when the source being observed is moving. Analyzing each array leg separately allows the use of a smaller number of snapshots from which averaged quantities are constructed. Taken separately, the vertical leg of the array provides range-depth information, while the horizontal leg provides bearing information. The incoherent product of each leg is compared to processing the full array coherently illustrating that the incoherent product generally worked as well, or better than, processing the full array, producing compact maxima at the ship location, and producing fewer false source locations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def R&D Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. RP Nicholas, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 116 IS 5 BP 2891 EP 2901 DI 10.1121/1.1802755 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 874DQ UT WOS:000225331500020 ER PT J AU Crahan, KK Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, H Reid, JS Khelif, D Brooks, BJ AF Crahan, KK Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, H Reid, JS Khelif, D Brooks, BJ TI Speciation of organic aerosols in the tropical mid-pacific and their relationship to light scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SEA-SALT PARTICLES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CHLORIDE DEPLETION; SIZE; THERMODYNAMICS; HYGROSCOPICITY; LEVOGLUCOSAN; EQUILIBRIUM AB Although the importance of the aerosol contribution to the global radiative budget has been recognized, the forcings of aerosols in general, and specifically the role of the organic component in these forcings, still contain large uncertainties. In an attempt to better understand the relationship between the background forcings of aerosols and their chemical speciation, marine air samples were collected off the windward coast of Oahu, Hawaii, during the Rough Evaporation Duct project ( RED) using filters mounted on both the Twin Otter aircraft and the Floating Instrument Platform ( FLIP) research platform. Laboratory analysis revealed a total of 17 species, including 4 carboxylic acids and 2 carbohydrates that accounted for 74%+/-20% of the mass gain observed on the shipboard filters, suggesting a possible significant unresolved organic component. The results were correlated with in situ measurements of particle light scattering (sigma(sp)) at 550 nm and with aerosol hygroscopicities. Principal component analysis revealed a small but ubiquitous pollution component affecting the sigma(sp) and aerosol hygroscopicity of the remote marine air. The Princeton Organic-Electrolyte Model (POEM) was used to predict the growth factor of the aerosols based upon the chemical composition. This output, coupled with measured aerosol size distributions, was used to attempt to reproduce the observed sigma(sp). It was found that while the POEM model was able to reproduce the expected trends when the organic component of the aerosol was varied, due to large uncertainties especially in the aerosol sizing measurements, the ssp predicted by the POEM model was consistently higher than observed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CIRPAS, Marina, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Crahan, KK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM katie@atmos.washington.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 61 IS 21 BP 2544 EP 2558 DI 10.1175/JAS3284.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870ZR UT WOS:000225098700004 ER PT J AU Lane, TP Doyle, JD Plougonven, R Shapiro, MA Sharman, RD AF Lane, TP Doyle, JD Plougonven, R Shapiro, MA Sharman, RD TI Observations and numerical simulations of inertia-gravity waves and shearing instabilities in the vicinity of a jet stream SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-AIR TURBULENCE; PREDICTION SYSTEM COAMPS; UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE; GENERATION; MODEL; FRONTOGENESIS; STRATOSPHERE AB The characteristics and dynamics of inertia-gravity waves generated in the vicinity of an intense jet stream/upper-level frontal system on 18 February 2001 are investigated using observations from the NOAA Gulfstream-IV research aircraft and numerical simulations. Aircraft dropsonde observations and numerical simulations elucidate the detailed mesoscale structure of this system, including its associated inertia-gravity waves and clear-air turbulence. Results from a multiply nested numerical model show inertia-gravity wave development above the developing jet/front system. These inertia-gravity waves propagate through the highly sheared flow above the jet stream, perturb the background wind shear and stability, and create bands of reduced and increased Richardson numbers. These bands of reduced Richardson numbers are regions of likely Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and a possible source of the clear-air turbulence that was observed. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lane, TP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lane@ucar.edu RI Lane, Todd/A-8804-2011 OI Lane, Todd/0000-0003-0171-6927 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 61 IS 22 BP 2692 EP 2706 DI 10.1175/JAS3305.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 874YC UT WOS:000225385600003 ER PT J AU Kuo, HC Lin, LY Chang, CP Williams, RT AF Kuo, HC Lin, LY Chang, CP Williams, RT TI The formation of concentric vorticity structures in typhoons SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CYCLONE-SCALE VORTICES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VORTEX INTERACTIONS; HURRICANE GILBERT; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; EYEWALLS; RADAR AB An important issue in the formation of concentric eyewalls in a tropical cyclone is the development of a symmetric structure from asymmetric convection. It is proposed herein, with the aid of a nondivergent barotropic model, that concentric vorticity structures result from the interaction between a small and strong inner vortex (the tropical cyclone core) and neighboring weak vortices (the vorticity induced by the moist convection outside the central vortex of a tropical cyclone). The results highlight the pivotal role of the vorticity strength of the inner core vortex in maintaining itself, and in stretching, organizing, and stabilizing the outer vorticity field. Specifically, the core vortex induces a differential rotation across the large and weak vortex to strain out the latter into a vorticity band surrounding the former. The straining out of a large, weak vortex into a concentric vorticity band can also result in the contraction of the outer tangential wind maximum. The stability of the outer band is related to the Fjortoft sufficient condition for stability because the strong inner vortex can cause the wind at the inner edge to be stronger than the outer edge, which allows the vorticity band and therefore the concentric structure to be sustained. Moreover, the inner vortex must possess high vorticity not only to be maintained against any deformation field induced by the outer vortices but also to maintain a smaller enstrophy cascade and to resist the merger process into a monopole. The negative vorticity anomaly in the moat serves as a "shield" or a barrier to the farther inward mixing the outer vorticity field. The binary vortex experiments described in this paper suggest that the formation of a concentric vorticity structure requires 1) a very strong core vortex with a vorticity at least 6 times stronger than the neighboring vortices, 2) a large neighboring vorticity area that is larger than the core vortex, and 3) a separation distance between the neighboring vorticity field and the core vortex that is within 3 to 4 times the core vortex radius. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Sci & Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct, Taipei, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kuo, HC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM kuo@lanczos.as.ntu.edu.tw OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 61 IS 22 BP 2722 EP 2734 DI 10.1175/JAS3286.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 874YC UT WOS:000225385600005 ER PT J AU Tadmor, EB Bernstein, N AF Tadmor, EB Bernstein, N TI A first-principles measure for the twinnability of FCC metals SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE plastic deformation; dislocations; twinning; Peierls model; first-principle electron theory ID NANOCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM; CRACK-TIP; DEFORMATION; ENERGY AB Twinnability is the property describing the ease with which a metal plastically deforms by twinning relative to deforming by dislocation-mediated slip. In this paper a theoretical measure for twinnability in face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals is obtained through homogenization of a recently introduced criterion for deformation twinning (DT) at a crack tip in a single crystal. The DT criterion quantifies the competition between slip and twinning at the crack tip as a function of crack orientation and applied loading. The twinnability of bulk material is obtained by constructing a representative volume element of the material as a polycrystal containing a distribution of microcracks and integrating the DT criterion over all possible grain and microcrack orientations. The resulting integral expression depends weakly on Poisson's ratio and significantly on three interfacial energies: the stacking-fault energy, the unstable-stacking energy and the unstable-twinning energy. All these four quantities can be computed from first principles. The weak dependence on Poisson's ratio is exploited to derive a simple and accurate closed-form approximation for twinnability which clarifies its dependence on the remaining material parameters. To validate the new measure, the twinnability of eight pure fec metals is computed using parameters obtained from quantum-mechanical tight-binding calculations. The ranking of these materials according to their theoretical twinnability agrees with the available experimental evidence, including the low incidence of DT in Al, and predicts that Pd should twin as easily as Cu. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tadmor, EB (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM tadmor@tx.technion.ac.il; bernstei@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD NOV PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2507 EP 2519 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.05.002 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 869QY UT WOS:000225000300004 ER PT J AU Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Muratore, C Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Muratore, C Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI Etching with electron beam generated plasmas SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; PROCESSING SYSTEM; CROSS-SECTIONS; SF6; OXYGEN; POLYSILICON; IONIZATION; FLUORINE; POLYMERS; SILICON AB A modulated electron beam generated plasma has been used to dry etch standard photoresist materials and silicon. Oxygen-argon mixtures were used to etch organic resist material and sulfur hexafluoride mixed with argon or oxygen was used for the silicon etching. Etch rates and anisotropy were determined with respect to gas compositions, incident ion energy (from an applied rf bias) and plasma duty factor. For 1818 negative resist and i-line resists the removal rate increased nearly linearly with ion energy (up to 220 nm/min at 100 eV), with reasonable anisotropic pattern transfer above 50 eV. Little change in etch rate was seen as gas composition went from pure oxygen to 70% argon, implying the resist removal mechanism in this system required the additional energy supplied by the ions. With silicon substrates at room temperature, mixtures of argon and sulfur hexafluoride etched approximately seven times faster (1375 nm/min) than mixtures of oxygen and sulfur hexafluoride (similar to200 nm/min) with 200 eV ions, the difference is attributed to the passivation of the silicon by involatile silicon oxyfluoride (SiOxFy) compounds. At low incident ion energies, the Ar-SF6 mixtures showed a strong chemical (lateral) etch component before an ion-assisted regime, which started at similar to75 eV. Etch rates were independent of the 0.5%-50% duty factors studied in this work. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonhardt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM darrin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2276 EP 2283 DI 10.1116/1.1795827 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 876OF UT WOS:000225505900011 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Montoya, JC Akilian, M Lapsa, A Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML Li, M Flanagan, KA Rasmussen, AP Seely, JF Laming, JM Kjornrattanawanich, B Goray, LI AF Chang, CH Montoya, JC Akilian, M Lapsa, A Heilmann, RK Schattenburg, ML Li, M Flanagan, KA Rasmussen, AP Seely, JF Laming, JM Kjornrattanawanich, B Goray, LI TI High fidelity blazed grating replication using nanoimprint lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Sco Amer ID FABRICATION; IMPRINT; OPTICS AB We report progress in using nanoimprint lithography to fabricate high fidelity blazed diffraction gratings. Anisotropically etched silicon gratings with 200 nm period and 7.5degrees blaze angle were successfully replicated onto 100 mm diameter wafers with subnanometer roughness and excellent profile conformity. Out-of-plane distortion induced by residual stress from polymer films was also analyzed and found to be extremely low. The replicated blazed gratings were tested and demonstrated high x-ray diffraction efficiencies. This process was developed for fabricating blazed diffraction gratings for the NASA Constellation-X x-ray telescope. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 MIT, Space Nanotechnol Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Nanonex Corp, Monmouth Jct, NJ 08852 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Int Int Grp Inc, Penfield, NY 14526 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), MIT, Space Nanotechnol Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chichang@mit.edu RI Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607; NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 3260 EP 3264 DI 10.1116/1.1809614 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 889JR UT WOS:000226439800134 ER PT J AU Qin, C Kaihatu, JM Hwang, PA AF Qin, C Kaihatu, JM Hwang, PA TI Incorporation of wind effects into Boussinesq wave models SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; LONGSHORE CURRENTS; BREAKING WAVES; FINITE DEPTH; SEA-SURFACE; WATER; EQUATIONS; TRANSFORMATION; RUNUP AB Recent advances in the Boussinesq modeling of nearshore hydrodynamics offer a platform for the study of wind effects on wave transformation and breaking-generated nearshore circulation. The paper documents: (1) the new parameterization of the momentum flux transferred from the wind to surface gravity waves in the coastal region on the basis of the field observations; (2) the implementation of the parameterized wind stress into phase-resolving Boussinesq wave models; (3) the development of empirical breaking criteria with the wind effect based on the existing laboratory data; and (4) the tests of the extended Boussinesq model against field observations and empirical results with respect to wind drag coefficients over shoaling waves and wave growth on a shallow lake. Fairly good agreement between the model results and measurements is observed. The methodology for the parameterization of the wind stress as a function of wave steepness and wind speed as well as the extended Boussinesq model incorporating the wind forcing can be used as a tool to improve our understanding of wind effects on nearshore wave propagation and horizontal circulation. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. USN, Div Oceanog, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Qin, C (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM qchen@jaguar1.usouthal.edu RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:6(312) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 867JF UT WOS:000224838200004 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Mouraenko, O Hanes, DM AF Puleo, JA Mouraenko, O Hanes, DM TI One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Six one-dimensional-vertical wave bottom boundary layer models are analyzed based on different methods for estimating the turbulent eddy viscosity: Laminar, linear, parabolic, k-one equation turbulence closure, k-epsilon-two equation turbulence closure, and k-omega-two equation turbulence closure. Resultant velocity profiles, bed shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy are compared to laboratory data of oscillatory flow over smooth and rough beds. Bed shear stress estimates for the smooth bed case were most closely predicted by the k-omega model. Normalized errors between model predictions and measurements of velocity profiles over the entire computational domain collected at 15degrees intervals for one-half a wave cycle show that overall the linear model was most accurate. The least accurate were the laminar and k-epsilon models. Normalized errors between model predictions and turbulence kinetic energy profiles showed that the k-w model was most accurate. Based on these findings, when the smallest overall velocity profile prediction error is required, the processing requirements and error analysis suggest that the linear eddy viscosity model is adequate. However, if accurate estimates of bed shear stress and TKE are required then, of the models tested, the k-w model should be used. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Florida, Civil & Coastal Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USGS, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jpuleo@coastal.udel.edu; moleg@coastal.ufl.edu; dhanes@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:6(322) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 867JF UT WOS:000224838200005 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Smith, AC Kostka, JE Watkins, J Alexander, CR AF Furukawa, Y Smith, AC Kostka, JE Watkins, J Alexander, CR TI Quantification of macrobenthic effects on diagenesis using a multicomponent inverse model in salt marsh sediments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; IRON REDUCTION; SAPELO ISLAND; FIDDLER-CRABS; OXIDATION; SULFUR AB Using a multicomponent inverse model, we quantified the rates of organic matter (OM) remineralization and the relative importance of major terminal electron acceptors [Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides and SO42-] in salt marsh sediments with varying degrees of bioturbation and vegetation at Skidaway Island, Georgia. The model determined the rates of OM diagenesis by seeking simultaneous agreement between measured and model-calculated depth-concentration profiles of multiple major redox species while using the biological transport parameters determined from direct field observations. The OM degradation rates are found to be greater and penetrate deeper in sediments with vegetation or bioturbation than in sediments with limited macrobenthic components, in which organic matter degradation is restricted to the immediate vicinity of water-sediment interface. The results also confirmed previous observations that Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides are much more important than sulfate as terminal electron acceptors in the heavily bioturbated station and provided the numerical values to the depth-dependent relative importance. Solid-phase Fe is recycled as a terminal electron acceptor greater than or equal to30 times in the bioturbated station, because biological mixing repeatedly moves reduced Fe(II) back into the aerobic environment, where it is reoxidized to form Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides and is reused as a terminal electron acceptor. Vegetation appears to have little influence on net solute transport, but it stimulates microbial activities and significantly enhances the remineralization of OM at depths. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yfurukawa@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2058 EP 2072 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 871MF UT WOS:000225137100015 ER PT J AU Ryoo, HC Sun, HH Shender, BS Hrebien, L AF Ryoo, HC Sun, HH Shender, BS Hrebien, L TI Consciousness monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during high plus Gz exposures SO MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE oxygen saturation; acceleration stress; near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS); +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; OXYGEN SUFFICIENCY; G-LOC; METABOLISM; ISCHEMIA; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB The relationship between human consciousness and oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) in cerebral tissue under high +Gz stress was non-invasively monitored by near-infrared multiple wavelength spectroscopy (NIRS). We studied the drop in rSO(2) levels in human subjects during exposure to various head-to-foot acceleration (+Gz) profiles. These profiles included sustained +Gz plateaus and repeated short duration +Gz pulses of varying duration. The end point in this study was +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC). The rSO(2) levels under normal (asymptomatic), almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC) and G-LOC conditions were recorded. Correlations among decrease in rSO(2), +Gz Pulse duration, +Gz stress level and incapacitation time (ICAP) after G-LOC were also investigated. It was found that once rSO fell to a certain level, G-LOC occurred. This threshold was repeatable and independent of the +Gz level or duration. It was also observed that the total ICAP after G-LOC was dependent on the length of time that 60, remained below the G-LOC threshold level, i.e. the longer the rSO(2), level remained below the G-LOC induction level, the longer the subject remained unconscious. These results may prove to be useful in designing closed loop control systems for personal protective gear for pilots of high performance aircraft, (C) 2004 IPENI. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn Sci & Hlth Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Human Syst Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Ryoo, HC (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn Sci & Hlth Syst, 32nd Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM hanryoo@drexel.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4533 J9 MED ENG PHYS JI Med. Eng. Phys. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 26 IS 9 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.medengphy.2004.07.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 879WJ UT WOS:000225749600006 PM 15564111 ER PT J AU Hamilton, MG Hill, I Conley, J Sawyer, TW Caneva, DC Lundy, PM AF Hamilton, MG Hill, I Conley, J Sawyer, TW Caneva, DC Lundy, PM TI Clinical aspects of percutaneous poisoning by the chemical warfare agent VX: Effects of application site and decontamination SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOKYO SUBWAY ATTACK; DOMESTIC SWINE; SARIN; MATSUMOTO; EXPOSURE; JAPAN AB O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX) is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent that has been weaponized and stockpiled in a number of different countries, and it has been used in recent terrorist events. It differs from other well-known organophosphate nerve agents in that its primary use is as a contact poison rather than as an inhalation hazard. For this reason, we examined the effects of application site and skin decontamination on VX toxicity in anesthetized domestic swine after topical application. VX applied to the surface of the ear rapidly resulted in signs of toxicity consistent with the development of cholinergic crisis, including apnea and death. VX on the epigastrium resulted in a marked delayed development of toxic signs, reduced toxicity, and reduction in the rate of cholinesterase depression compared with animals exposed on the ear. Skin decontamination (15 minutes post-VX on the ear) arrested the development of clinical signs and prevented further cholinesterase inhibition and death. These results confirm earlier work that demonstrates the importance of exposure site on the resultant toxicity of this agent and they also show that decontamination postexposure has the potential to be an integral and extremely important component of medical countermeasures against this agent. C1 Def Res & Dev Canada, Med Therapy Grp, Biol Def Sect, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. Kinchyle Enterprises Inc, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. Chem Biol Incident Response Force, NSWC, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Hamilton, MG (reprint author), Def Res & Dev Canada, Med Therapy Grp, Biol Def Sect, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 856 EP 862 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JD UT WOS:000235830500003 PM 15605929 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Ferreira, JP Miranda, PMA Haack, T Doyle, J Siebsema, AP Salgado, R AF Teixeira, J Ferreira, JP Miranda, PMA Haack, T Doyle, J Siebsema, AP Salgado, R TI A new mixing-length formulation for the parameterization of dry convection: Implementation and evaluation in a mesoscale model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EDDY-DIFFUSIVITY PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; PREDICTION SYSTEM COAMPS; CLOUDS AB A realistic representation of the evolution of the dry convective boundary layer in mesoscale and large-scale atmospheric models has been an elusive goal for many years. In this paper the performance of a new mixing-length formulation for the dry convective boundary layer is evaluated in the context of the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). In this new formulation, the mixing length is proportional to a time scale and to the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy. The model results are tested against observations from the Climate Impact of Changes in Land Use (CICLUS) field experiment in the south of Portugal. It is shown that COAMPS with the new formulation produces a more realistic simulation of the boundary layer growth. A data assimilation experiment performed with COAMPS shows that the improvements provided by the new formulation are significant, particularly in terms of the humidity vertical distribution. Finally, one-dimensional simulations are used to confirm that the new formulation provides more accurate results because of a more realistic representation of the entrainment and of the vertical mixing in general. C1 Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Geofis, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. UCAR, VSP, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Lisbon, Dept Phys, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Meteorol, Lisbon, Portugal. KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. Univ Evora, Evora, Portugal. RP Miranda, PMA (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Geofis, Ed C8,Campo Grande, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM pmmiranda@fc.ul.pt RI Miranda, Pedro/B-6971-2008; Salgado, Rui/B-7588-2011 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0002-4288-9456; Salgado, Rui/0000-0003-1311-6291 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 132 IS 11 BP 2698 EP 2707 DI 10.1175/MWR2808.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870ZS UT WOS:000225098900011 ER PT J AU Meulenberg, RW van Buuren, T Hanif, KM Willey, TM Strouse, GF Terminello, LJ AF Meulenberg, RW van Buuren, T Hanif, KM Willey, TM Strouse, GF Terminello, LJ TI Structure and composition of Cu-doped CdSe nanocrystals using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CADMIUM SELENIDE; TIGHT-BINDING; QUANTUM DOTS; DEFECTS; ZNS; SEMICONDUCTORS; LUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALLITES; SPECTRA AB The local structure and composition of Cu ions dispersed in CdSe nanocrystals is examined using soft X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Using Cu L-edge XANES and X-ray photoelectron measurements (XPS), we find that the Cu ions exist in the Cu(I) oxidation state. We also find that the observed Cu Ledge XANES signal is directly proportional to the molar percent of Cu present in our final material. Se Ledge XANES indicates changes in the Se density of states with Cu doping, due to a chemical bonding effect, and supports a statistical doping mechanism. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements indicate that Cu ions may act as deep electron traps. We show that XANES, XPS, and PL are a powerful combination of methods to study the electronic and chemical structure of dopants in nanostructured materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32316 USA. RP Meulenberg, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM meulenberg1@llnl.gov; strouse@chem.fsu.edu RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; OI Meulenberg, Robert/0000-0003-2696-8792 NR 33 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2277 EP 2285 DI 10.1021/nl048738s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 871FR UT WOS:000225115700038 ER PT J AU Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Sullivan, JM van 't Erve, OMJ Li, CH Erwin, SC Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A Jonker, BT AF Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Sullivan, JM van 't Erve, OMJ Li, CH Erwin, SC Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A Jonker, BT TI Electrical spin injection from an n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor into a III-V device heterostructure SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; TRANSPORT; CDCR2SE4; BARRIER; ELECTRONICS; SPINTRONICS; DIODE; GAAS AB The use of carrier spin in semiconductors is a promising route towards new device functionality and performance. Ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs) are promising materials in this effort. An n-type FMS that can be epitaxially grown on a common device substrate is especially attractive. Here, we report electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from an n-type FMS, CdCr2Se4, into an AlGaAs/GaAs-based light-emitting diode structure. An analysis of the electroluminescence polarization based on quantum selection rules provides a direct measure of the sign and magnitude of the injected electron spin polarization. The sign reflects minority rather than majority spin injection, consistent with our density-functional-theory calculations of the CdCr2Se4 conduction-band edge. This approach confirms the exchange-split band structure and spin-polarized carrier population of an FMS, and demonstrates a litmus test for these FMS hallmarks that discriminates against spurious contributions from magnetic precipitates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 11 BP 799 EP 803 DI 10.1038/nmat1239 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 866QA UT WOS:000224786800021 PM 15502834 ER PT J AU Knobloch, LA Kerby, RE Clelland, N Lee, J AF Knobloch, LA Kerby, RE Clelland, N Lee, J TI Hardness and degree of conversion of posterior packable composites SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIN-COMPOSITE; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; UNFILLED RESINS; FILLER FRACTION; BIS-GMA AB Knoop microhardness and the degree of conversion of three packable composites (SureFil, Alert and Solitaire), a microfil composite (Heliomolar), a microhybrid composite (Herculite) and an indirect laboratory-processed composite (Belleglass) were evaluated as a function of distance from the irradiated surface. Cylindrical specimens (5.0 mm [diameter] x 6.0 mm [length]) of each material were visible light cured for 60 seconds in black-backed Teflon molds and sectioned. Knoop microhardness values were then obtained at 0-, 2- and 4-mm using a 50-grain load and 20 second dwell time. Degree of conversion was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ANOVA (p<0.001) and Tukey Multiple Comparison Test (p<0.05) showed the indirect laboratory-processed composite Belleglass exhibited the highest mean values for both hardness and degree of conversion. Alert exhibited significantly greater hardness than SureFil and Solitaire at 0-mm depth. SureFil had significantly greater hardness than Alert at 4-mm depth. The degree of conversion of SureFil packable composite at 4-mm depth was significantly higher than any of the other direct composites tested. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Sect Restorat Dent & Prosthodont, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Knobloch, LA (reprint author), 305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM knobloch.3@osu.edu NR 58 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 6 BP 642 EP 649 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 879OO UT WOS:000225727300007 PM 15646219 ER PT J AU Davidson, FM Bucaille, S Gilbreath, GC Oh, E AF Davidson, FM Bucaille, S Gilbreath, GC Oh, E TI Measurements of intensity scintillations and probability density functions of retroreflected broadband 980-nm laser light in atmospheric turbulence SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical communications; coherence; atmospheric optics; turbulence; retromodulators; modulating retroreflectors ID VARIANCE AB Intensity scintillation variances and intensity probability density functions (PDFs) were experimentally measured for broadband (2 nm), 980-nm laser light reflected by two or more corner cube retroreflectors as a function of retroreflector lateral spacing over a short (75 m) atmospheric optical path. The PDFs transitioned from broad double-peaked beta-shaped densities to lognormal as the retroreflector spacing was increased to exceed the optical field's lateral coherence length. Specific spacing for a given average atmospheric structural C-n(2) eliminated interference between the light beams returned by the retroreflectors. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davidson, FM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2689 EP 2695 DI 10.1117/1.1795259 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 873AB UT WOS:000225249900032 ER PT J AU Rue, JPH Armstrong, DW Frassica, FJ Deafenbaugh, M Wilckens, JH AF Rue, JPH Armstrong, DW Frassica, FJ Deafenbaugh, M Wilckens, JH TI The effect of pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of tibial stress fractures SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY FEB 13-17, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Acad Orthopaed Surg ID RECRUITS AB Tibial stress fractures commonly occur in athletes and military recruits, This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study sought to determine whether pulsed ultrasound reduces tibial stress fracture healing time. Twenty-six midshipmen (43 tibial stress fractures) were randomized to pulsed ultrasound or placebo treatment. Twenty-minute daily treatments continued until patients were asymptomatic with signs of healing on plain radiographs. The groups were not significantly different in demographics, delay from symptom onset to diagnosis, missed treatment days, total number of treatments, or time to return to duty. Pulsed ultrasound did not significantly reduce the healing time for tibial stress fractures. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN Acad, Naval Med Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wilckens, JH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 4940 Eastern Ave,672, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1192 EP 1195 PG 4 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 871PA UT WOS:000225144500013 PM 15566133 ER PT J AU Wu, YW Li, XQ Steel, D Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Wu, YW Li, XQ Steel, D Gammon, D Sham, LJ TI Coherent optical control of semiconductor quantum dots for quantum information processing SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Winterschool on New Developments in Solid State Physics CY FEB 15-20, 2004 CL Mauterndorf, AUSTRIA DE semiconductors; coherent optical control; quantum information processing ID COMPUTATION; EXCITON; SYSTEM; TIME; GAAS AB Coherent optically driven semiconductor quantum dot systems are proposed for the implementation of quantum information processing devices. Qubits defined in the exciton and spin bases are presented. In particular, single qubit rotation and a two-qubit logic gate have been demonstrated experimentally in the model exciton system. The experimental work done on the exciton system serves as a foundation for future work on spin-based qubits, which possess a much longer coherence lifetime. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, FOCUS, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Michigan, FOCUS, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@eecs.umich.edu OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 EI 1873-1759 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2-3 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.06.023 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 873LT UT WOS:000225282500015 ER PT J AU Ortner, G Schwab, M Borri, P Langbein, W Woggon, U Bayer, M Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Hawrylak, P Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL Forchel, A AF Ortner, G Schwab, M Borri, P Langbein, W Woggon, U Bayer, M Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Hawrylak, P Lyanda-Geller, YB Reinecke, TL Forchel, A TI Exciton states in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot molecules SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Winterschool on New Developments in Solid State Physics CY FEB 15-20, 2004 CL Mauterndorf, AUSTRIA DE quantum dot molecules; coupling; fine structure ID ISLANDS AB Self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot molecules have been studied spectroscopically in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the exciton states confined in them. Photoluminescence studies show a characteristic splitting of the quantum dot shells, which clearly hints at a tunnel coupling of the dots. This coupling was confirmed by exciton fine structure studies, where distinct anticrossings are observed in its magnetic field dispersion. These avoided crossings would not occur if the two dots were decoupled. Four-wave mixing studies show a strong shortening of the exciton dephasing in the molecules as compared to quantum dots which appears to be problematic for application of excitons as the genuine bits in quantum information processing. Finally, we demonstrate that the molecule coupling can be controlled by applying an electric field along the molecule axis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM gerhard.ortner@physik.uni-dortmund.de RI Woggon, Ulrike/C-2706-2008; Borri, Paola/A-5425-2010; Langbein, Wolfgang/B-1271-2010; OI Langbein, Wolfgang/0000-0001-9786-1023; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 EI 1873-1759 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD NOV PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.06.024 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 873LT UT WOS:000225282500016 ER PT J AU Wong, V Bennink, RS Marino, AM Boyd, RW Stroud, CR Narducci, FA AF Wong, V Bennink, RS Marino, AM Boyd, RW Stroud, CR Narducci, FA TI Influence of coherent Raman scattering on coherent population trapping in atomic sodium vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; INDUCED ABSORPTION; RB VAPOR; RESONANCES; SPECTROSCOPY; VELOCITY; FIELDS; GAS AB We study how coherent Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering influence coherent population trapping. In an experiment using an atomic sodium vapor cell we observe induced transparency, induced absorption, and gain features, all of subnatural linewidth. The electromagnetically induced resonance is a peak or a dip depending on which side of the optical transition the fields are tuned to, and thus whether coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering or coherent Stokes Raman scattering is the dominant process. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Wong, V (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM vin@optics.rochester.edu RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 053811 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.053811 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 876EM UT WOS:000225479000137 ER PT J AU Aguirre-Tostado, FS Herrera-Gomez, A Woicik, JC Droopad, R Yu, Z Schlom, DG Zschack, P Karapetrova, E Pianetta, P Hellberg, CS AF Aguirre-Tostado, FS Herrera-Gomez, A Woicik, JC Droopad, R Yu, Z Schlom, DG Zschack, P Karapetrova, E Pianetta, P Hellberg, CS TI Elastic anomaly for SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON; TITANATE; PHASE AB X-ray diffraction measurements have revealed a negative Poisson's ratio for SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si(001). X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements demonstrate that this elastic anomaly is driven by the interfacial polarization of the SrTiO3 layers. First-principles density-functional calculations support these conclusions. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be common for heteroepitaxial growth of materials that possess an ionic polarizability. C1 CINVESTAV Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Motorola Labs, Microelect & Phys Sci Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Argonne Natl Lab, APS UNICAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aguirre-Tostado, FS (reprint author), CINVESTAV Queretaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000,Real Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 20 AR 201403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.201403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EI UT WOS:000225478600019 ER PT J AU Halilov, SV Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R AF Halilov, SV Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R TI Stability and electronic structure of the complex K2PtCl6-structure hydrides DMH6 (D=Mg, Ca, Sr; M=Fe, Ru, Os) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; METAL-HYDRIDES; TERNARY; ANHARMONICITY; PEROVSKITES; DIFFRACTION; PRESSURE; CALCIUM; SYSTEM; IRON AB The stability and bonding of the ternary complex K2PtCl6-structure hydrides is discussed using first principles density functional calculations. The cohesion is dominated by ionic contributions, but ligand field effects are important, and are responsible for the 18-electron rule. Similarities to oxides are discussed in terms of the electronic structure. However, phonon calculations for Sr2RuH6 also show differences, particularly in the polarizability of the RuH6 octahedra. Nevertheless, the yet to be made compounds Pb2RuH6 and Be2FeH6 are possible ferroelectrics. The electronic structure and magnetic properties of the decomposition product, FeBe2 are reported. Implications of the results for H storage are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Thermodynam & Physicochim Hydrures & Oxydes, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Rech Met Phys, Commissariat Energie Atomique, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 19 AR 195117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.195117 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EB UT WOS:000225477800056 ER PT J AU Li, XQ Wu, YW Steel, DG Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Li, XQ Wu, YW Steel, DG Gammon, D Sham, LJ TI Raman coherence beats from the entangled state involving polarized excitons in single quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN RELAXATION; OSCILLATIONS; QUBITS; GATES AB The optically induced and detected entangled state involving an exciton Zeeman doublet with entanglement entropy as high as similar to0.7 was created using picosecond lasers in single GaAs quantum dots. The temporal evolution of the nonradiative Raman coherence between two exciton states was directly resolved in quantum beats measured in the homodyne detected differential transmission experiment. The Raman coherence time, 66+/-15 ps, was determined from the decay of the envelope of the quantum beats, and was found to be limited by the lifetimes of the exciton transitions, 50+/-3 ps. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 19 AR 195330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.195330 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EB UT WOS:000225477800108 ER PT J AU Ortner, G Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Rudin, S Reinecke, TL Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Forchel, A AF Ortner, G Yakovlev, DR Bayer, M Rudin, S Reinecke, TL Fafard, S Wasilewski, Z Forchel, A TI Temperature dependence of the zero-phonon linewidth in InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The temperature dependence of the width Gamma of the zero-phonon emission line in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots has been studied for T<50 K. In single dot experiments on laterally patterned samples we find a linear increase of Gamma with T, with a slope that systematically increases with decreasing size of the mesa structure. This result is to be contrasted with the absence of such a dependence in four-wave mixing on unpatterned samples. The features are shown to be consistent with a theory in which the excitons interact with phonons whose linewidths are given by scattering at surfaces due to patterning. C1 Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Ortner, G (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 20 AR 201301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.201301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EI UT WOS:000225478600008 ER PT J AU Shi, L Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Shi, L Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Modifications and extensions to Harrison's tight-binding theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY; METALS AB Harrison's tight-binding theory provides an excellent qualitative description of the electronic structure of the elements across the periodic table. However, the resulting band structures are in significant disagreement with those found by standard methods, particularly for the transition metals. For these systems we developed a procedure to generate both the prefactors of Harrison's hopping parameters and the onsite energies. Our approach gives an impressive improvement and puts Harrison's theory on a quantitative basis. Our method retains the most attractive aspect of the theory, in using a revised set of universal prefactors for the hopping integrals. In addition, a new form of onsite parameters allows us to describe the lattice constant dependence of the bands and the total energy, predicting the correct ground state for all transition, alkaline earth, and noble metals. This work represents not only a useful computational tool but also an important pedagogical enhancement for Harrison's books. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 20 AR 205101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.205101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EI UT WOS:000225478600023 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Kinetic spin confinement by lateral modulation of the Rashba or Dresselhaus coefficient SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; CARRIERS; LAYERS AB We consider the consequences of spatially modulating a heterostructure's Rashba or Dresselhaus coefficient within the plane. Periodic reversal of the asymmetry direction is found to induce bound states via "kinetic spin confinement," an alternative to the potential and kinetic confinement mechanisms that have been discussed previously. In such a structure the spin identity of the energy levels varies as a function of position, even though both the band edge and effective mass remain unaltered. We point out that "spin dipoles" and enhanced equilibrium spin currents may be created in the vicinity of the interfaces between well and barrier. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 20 AR 205319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.205319 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EI UT WOS:000225478600084 ER PT J AU Zeng, CG Zhu, WG Erwin, SC Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH AF Zeng, CG Zhu, WG Erwin, SC Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH TI Initial stages of Mn adsorption on Ge(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON BINDING ENERGIES; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTOR; SURFACE; MANGANESE; METALS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION AB The initial stages of growth of Mn on Ge(111) were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles density functional theory calculations. Mn atoms adsorb on the H-3 sites of the Ge(111)-c(2x8) reconstruction, a process that is usually accompanied by a registry shift (along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction) of an adjacent Ge adatom row. Deposition of approximately one monolayer of Mn and subsequent annealing results in the formation of Mn5Ge3 islands. Epitaxial Mn5Ge3 films can be grown from a solid-state reaction between the Mn deposit and Ge substrate. The Mn5Ge3 films are ferromagnetic metals with a magnetic moment of 2.6 mu(B) per Mn, as determined from the Mn 3s exchange splitting in XPS. Theoretical calculations of the adsorption sites, surface structures, and electronic structure all agree exceedingly well with the experimental observations. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zeng, CG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Zhu, Wenguang/F-4224-2011 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 20 AR 205340 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.205340 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 876EI UT WOS:000225478600105 ER PT J AU Laming, JM AF Laming, JM TI Relationship between oscillatory thermal instability and dynamical thin-shell overstability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE SHOCK-WAVES; BLAST WAVES; STABILITY; PERTURBATIONS; GROWTH; MODELS AB We give an analytic treatment of radiative cooling behind radiative shocks following solutions given by Chevalier and Imamura. We demonstrate that within the approximation of a steady state radiative shock, the radiative cooling laws Lambda proportional to T(alpha) that give rise to the oscillatory instability modeled by Chevalier and Imamura in gamma=5/3 cooling gas are stable to the dynamical thin-shell overstability in this gas, and vice versa. We also show that the fundamental features of the dynamical overstability observed by Grun et al. can also be understood on these bases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlaming@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 057402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.057402 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 882WI UT WOS:000225970700128 PM 15600801 ER PT J AU Hegeler, F Rose, DV Myers, MC Sethian, JD Giuliani, JL Wolford, MF Friedman, M AF Hegeler, F Rose, DV Myers, MC Sethian, JD Giuliani, JL Wolford, MF Friedman, M TI Efficient electron beam deposition in the gas cell of the Electra laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY; PUMPED KRF LASER; KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASERS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; CONFINEMENT FUSION; EXCIMER-LASER; PULSED-POWER; REP-RATE; AMPLIFIER; SYSTEM AB Extensive research has been performed to elucidate the transport of electron beam energy from a vacuum diode, through a foil support structure (hibachi), and into the Electra laser cell. Measurements and simulations of the energy deposition in the cell are reported for various krypton/argon mixtures, gas pressures, and the thickness and material of the hibachi foil. Two hibachi and several cathode configurations are investigated and electron energy deposition efficiencies into the gas of up to 75% have been achieved with a 500 kV, 180 ns full width at half maximum diode pulse. The experimental data are compared with one-, two-, and three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport calculations and particle-in-cell simulations. The importance of electron backscattering, radiation effects, and power deposition uniformity in the laser gas are discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), Commonwealth Technol Inc, 5875 Barclay Dr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM fhegeler@this.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2004 VL 11 IS 11 BP 5010 EP 5021 DI 10.1063/1.1795196 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 867QC UT WOS:000224856100015 ER PT J AU Tycner, C AF Tycner, C TI High-precision optical interferometry and application to Be stars SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Tycner, C (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM tycner@nofs.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 116 IS 825 BP 1081 EP 1081 DI 10.1086/426043 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867HZ UT WOS:000224834600009 ER PT J AU Drain, D Carlyle, WM Montgomery, DC Borror, C Anderson-Cook, C AF Drain, D Carlyle, WM Montgomery, DC Borror, C Anderson-Cook, C TI A genetic algorithm hybrid for constructing optimal response surface designs SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; genetic algorithm; heuristic optimization ID ROBUST DESIGN AB Hybrid heuristic optimization methods can discover efficient experiment designs in situations where traditional designs cannot be applied, exchange methods are ineffective, and simple heuristics like simulated annealing fail to find good solutions. One such heuristic hybrid is GASA (genetic algorithm-simulated annealing), developed to take advantage of the exploratory power of the genetic algorithm, while utilizing the local optimum exploitive properties of simulated annealing. The successful application of this method is demonstrated in a difficult design problem with multiple optimization criteria in an irregularly shaped design region. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Drexel Univ, LeBow Coll Business, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Drain, D (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM draind@umr.edu NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7 BP 637 EP 650 DI 10.1002/qre.573 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 867WA UT WOS:000224872100002 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Hedden, DL Gehl, A Boiadjiev, VI Hawk, JE Farahi, RH Thundat, T Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Deel, L Lareau, RT AF Pinnaduwage, LA Hedden, DL Gehl, A Boiadjiev, VI Hawk, JE Farahi, RH Thundat, T Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Deel, L Lareau, RT TI A sensitive, handheld vapor sensor based on microcantilevers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID READ-OUT; CANTILEVERS AB We report the development of a handheld sensor based on piezoresistive microcantilevers that does not depend on optical detection, yet has high detection sensitivity. The sensor is able to detect vapors from the plastic explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate and hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine at levels below 10 parts per trillion within few seconds of exposure under ambient conditions. A differential measurement technique has yielded a rugged sensor that is unaffected by vibration and is able to function as a "sniffer." The microelectromechanical system sensor design allows for the incorporation of hundreds of microcantilevers with suitable coatings in order to achieve sufficient selectivity in the future, and thus could provide an inexpensive, unique platform for the detection of chemical, biological, and explosive materials. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco Fiearms & Explos, Washington, DC 20226 USA. William J Hughes Tech Ctr, Transportat Secur Adm, Transportat Secur Res & Dev Div, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4554 EP 4557 DI 10.1063/1.1804998 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900030 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Johnson, RV Kooney, TN AF Puleo, JA Johnson, RV Kooney, TN TI Laboratory air bubble generation of various size distributions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE BUBBLES AB Air bubble size in aqueous environments is an important factor governing natural processes ranging from fluid/atmosphere gas transfer to noise production. Bubbles are also known to affect various scientific instruments. In this study we investigate the production capability of eight inexpensive bubble generators using optical imaging techniques. Specific emphasis is directed towards determining bubble size and distribution for a given device, flow conditions, and type of water used (fresh vs salt). In almost all cases tested here, bubbles produced in salt water were more numerous, and smaller than for the same bubbler and conditions in fresh water. For porous media, the finer the pore size, the smaller the bubble produced with some variation depending on thickness of material containing the pore and water type. While no single generator tested was capable of spanning all the bubble sizes observed (100 to 6000 microns), the data contained herein will enable proper choice of bubbler or combinations thereof for future studies depending on the size and distribution of bubbles required. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM coastal@udel.edu; rjohnson@ocean.washington.edu; tkooney@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4558 EP 4563 DI 10.1063/1.1805013 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900031 ER PT J AU Park, C Shultz, TE Dutta, I AF Park, C Shultz, TE Dutta, I TI Environmentally protected hot-stage atomic force microscope for studying thermo-mechanical deformation in microelectronic devices SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID END INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; THIN-FILM; TEMPERATURE; VACUUM; SAMPLES; DESIGN; AL AB A commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) was equipped with a hot stage for conducting thermal cycling experiments up to 398 K, as well as a vacuum and purge system to provide a protective environment during heating. Two different hot-stage configurations, one for studying features in the plane of a microelectronic device, and the other for studying features on its cross section, were developed. It is shown that the AFM retains its calibration with no significant introduction of errors at temperatures up to 398 K. Two applications of in situ hot-stage atomic force microscopy, related to microelectronic devices, have been demonstrated. First, the in-plane coefficient of thermal expansion of a low dielectric constant (low-k) thin film dielectric material used in back-end interconnect structures was measured. Second, the equipment was used to conduct in situ studies of deformation of Cu thin film interconnect lines at the back end of silicon chips, under thermo-mechanical loads simulating those imposed on chip-level interconnect structures by a microelectronic package. The design of a bimetallic thermo-mechanical loading stage, which was used for the latter experiments in conjunction with the hot stage, is also discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.navy.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4662 EP 4670 DI 10.1063/1.1809262 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900048 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, BG Hines, P Ellis, D Barron, CN AF Whitehouse, BG Hines, P Ellis, D Barron, CN TI Rapid environmental assessment within NATO SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Def Res & Dev Canada Atlantic, Halifax, NS, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 873UN UT WOS:000225306700002 ER PT J AU Jensen, MD AF Jensen, MD TI SHIPMAIN and Sea Power 21: Transforming the US Navy SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Naval Sea Syst Command Publ Affairs, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Jensen, MD (reprint author), USN, Naval Sea Syst Command Publ Affairs, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 873UN UT WOS:000225306700007 ER PT J AU Leonhardt, D Muratore, C Walton, SG Meger, RA AF Leonhardt, D Muratore, C Walton, SG Meger, RA TI Plasma enhanced surface treatments using electron beam-generated plasmas SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE nitriding; PACVD; pulsed; reactive sputtering; magnetron; E-beam generated plasma ID PROCESSING SYSTEM; STAINLESS-STEEL; DIFFUSION; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; ENERGIES; FLUX AB NRL has developed a 'large area plasma processing system' (LAPPS) utilizing a high energy (similar to2 keV) modulated electron beam to drive the plasma ionization. This system has been shown to be (1) efficient at producing plasma in any gas composition, (2) capable of producing low temperature plasma electrons (<0.5 eV) in high densities (10(9)-10(12) cm(-3)) and (3) scalable to large area (square meters). In this work, the progress of a number of applications using LAPPS is discussed. Nitride growth in stainless steel was investigated, which demonstrated high rates (up to 20 mum/h(1/2)) at low temperatures (less than or equal to462 degreesC). Complementary mass spectrometry showed that the nitriding results correlated to the flux of atomic ions delivered to the substrate. LAPPS was also combined with magnetron sputtering sources to form hybrid systems for surface pretreatments of polymers for metallization and thin film deposition of nitrides. In these systems, Teflon((R)) substrates pretreated with an oxygen LAPPS exposure demonstrated a significant increase in copper and aluminum film adhesion compared to untreated substrates, with the dominant factor believed to be the changed surface morphology. The simultaneous operation of LAPPS with a titanium magnetron sputter source increased the growth of the <200> orientation in TiN films, due to the increased atomic nitrogen ion flux. Additional LAPPS systems are also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonhardt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM darrin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.195 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800048 ER PT J AU Kulagina, NV O'Shaughnessy, TJ Ma, W Ramsdell, JS Pancrazio, JJ AF Kulagina, NV O'Shaughnessy, TJ Ma, W Ramsdell, JS Pancrazio, JJ TI Pharmacological effects of the marine toxins, brevetoxin and saxitoxin, on murine frontal cortex neuronal networks SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE array; biosensor; brevetoxin; extracellular recording; marine toxin; red tide; microelectrode array; primary neuronal cultures; saxitoxin ID SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; CELL-BASED ASSAY; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR-SITE; CIGUATOXINS; RAT; NEUROTOXINS; ACTIVATORS; BIOSENSORS; BIOASSAY AB Brevetoxins and saxitoxins (STXs), which are produced by marine dinoflagellates, are very potent neurotoxins targeting separate sites of the a subunit of voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs). An attractive approach for marine toxin detection relies on pharmacological modulation of VDSCs expressed in cells or tissues. While these function-based cellular assays exhibit the required sensitivity, they are typically slow and have limited potential use for field applications. Cultured neuronal networks grown on substrate integrated microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have emerged as a robust and sensitive approach for environmental threat detection. The present work describes the rapid effects of brevetoxin-2 (PbTx-2) and STX on embryonic murine frontal cortex neuronal networks on MEAs. Network recording parameters such as mean spike rate, burst rate, burst duration, number of spikes per burst and spike amplitude were analyzed before and after exposure to the toxins. STX produced fast and reversible inhibition of all electrophysiological parameters with IC(50)s ranging between 1.2 and 2.2 nM. Although PbTx-2 also caused inhibition of most of the network electrophysiological parameters, it produced an increase in burst duration at lower concentrations (EC50 = 15 +/- 2 nM, n = 4) followed by inhibition at higher ones (IC50 = 63 +/- 4 nM, n = 4). Exposure of frontal cortex networks to PbTx-2 and STX also caused differential effects on spike amplitude. This work demonstrates that cultured neuronal networks not only could be used for pharmacological characterization of marine toxins but they also provide a tool with unique properties for their detection. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Kulagina, NV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kulagina@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD NOV PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.023 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 869SA UT WOS:000225003200011 PM 15501293 ER PT J AU Amling, CL AF Amling, CL TI The association between obesity and the progression of prostate and renal cell carcinoma SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article DE obesity; body mass index (BMI); prostate cancer; renal cell cancer ID BODY-MASS INDEX; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; CANCER RISK; UNITED-STATES; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NORWEGIAN MEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; EARLY PRECURSORS AB Obesity has been linked to the incidence and mortality of several malignancies, including prostate and renal cancer. Increased body mass appears to have a more consistent association with prostate cancer mortality than incidence and recent studies suggest that it may be related to higher recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy. Obesity has an even stronger association with the development and progression of renal cancer, particularly in women. Since obesity is one of few modifiable risk factors that may impact the clinical course of these cancers. lifestyle and dietary changes to limit obesity should be recommended. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM clamling@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 85 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL-SEMIN ORI JI Urol. Oncol.-Semin. Orig. Investig. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.urolonc.2004.10.004 PG 7 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 888JW UT WOS:000226371200008 PM 15610865 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Riggs, LA AF Kidwell, DA Riggs, LA TI Comparing two analytical methods: minimal standards in forensic toxicology derived from information theory SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Interantional Meeting of the Society-of-Hair-Testing (SOHT) CY OCT 08-10, 2003 CL Crete, GREECE SP Soc Hair Testing DE analytical methods; forensic toxicology; information theory ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEGAL PROCEEDINGS; HUMAN HAIR; PERFORMANCE; THC AB Frequently, new instrumentation and techniques are being applied to casework without an adequate knowledge of how this new technology compares to acceptable analytical procedures. Information theory provides a mathematical method to estimate the identification power of various analytical procedures and predicts if the new method produces a better or poorer confidence in the analysis than an accepted method. This paper makes comparisons based on relative informational power and discusses methods to make those estimates. With the procedures outlined in this paper, an analyst can estimate if a novel technique has the opportunity of reaching the accepted analytical methodology and, if necessary, identify places where the greatest improvement can be made to reach this equilivalence. Even though relative information theory can dismiss some proposed techniques before any analysis starts, it cannot verify if a given technique is adequate for a particular task. For that purpose, a complete procedural verification must be undertaken. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Kidwell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kidwell@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 145 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.023 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 864MH UT WOS:000224637100003 PM 15451079 ER PT J AU Niyogi, D Chang, HI Saxena, VK Holt, T Alapaty, K Booker, F Chen, F Davis, KJ Holben, B Matsui, T Meyers, T Oechel, WC Pielke, RA Wells, R Wilson, K Xue, YK AF Niyogi, D Chang, HI Saxena, VK Holt, T Alapaty, K Booker, F Chen, F Davis, KJ Holben, B Matsui, T Meyers, T Oechel, WC Pielke, RA Wells, R Wilson, K Xue, YK TI Direct observations of the effects of aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over different landscapes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRODUCTIVITY; PINATUBO; FOREST; LIGHT AB We present the first direct, multisite observations in support of the hypothesis that atmospheric aerosols affect the regional terrestrial carbon cycle. The daytime growing season (summer) CO2 flux observations from six sites (forest, grasslands, and croplands) with collocated aerosol and surface radiation measurements were analyzed for high and low diffuse radiation; effect of cloud cover; and effect of high and low aerosol optical depths (AOD). Results indicate that, aerosols exert a significant impact on net CO2 exchange, and their effect may be even more significant than that due to clouds. The response appears to be a general feature irrespective of the landscape and photosynthetic pathway. The CO2 sink increased with aerosol loading for forest and crop lands, and decreased for grassland. The cause for the difference in response between vegetation types is hypothesized to be canopy architecture. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept MEAS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept MEAS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dev_niyogi@ncsu.edu RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; NR 13 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 20 AR L20506 DI 10.1029/2004GL020915 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 867ZK UT WOS:000224881400002 ER PT J AU Slanger, TG Cosby, PC Huestis, DL Meier, RR AF Slanger, TG Cosby, PC Huestis, DL Meier, RR TI Oxygen atom Rydberg emission in the equatorial ionosphere from radiative recombination SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative recombination; ionospheric emission; oxygen; geocorona; oxygen Rydberg transitions ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; TROPICAL NIGHTGLOW; RATE COEFFICIENTS; AIRGLOW EMISSION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MILLSTONE-HILL; SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTHS; CALIBRATION AB [ 1] Radiative recombination of O+ generates a variety of O-atom Rydberg levels, which then radiatively cascade to the ground state. The last two steps in the cascade produce 844.6 nm and 130.2 - 130.6 nm radiation in the triplet set of Rydberg levels and 777.2 - 777.5 nm and 135.6 nm radiation in the quintets. These four emissions are well known from ionospheric observations, and the higher members of the cascades are sometimes seen in auroral spectra but rarely in the nightglow. Sky spectra taken in 2000 at the Keck II telescope with the ESI echelle spectrograph reveal 20 members of the Rydberg transitions in the 390 - 930 nm region not previously observed in the nightglow. Most of these are not seen in earlier Keck spectra, taken at solar minimum. We are able to quantify the relative intensities of the emissions across the entire wavelength region using standard star spectra, allowing comparisons to be made with theoretical calculations. As the atmosphere is optically thin for the quintet transitions, corrections for radiative scattering are not necessary, and relative agreement between theory and observations is excellent. For the triplets the data agree more closely with the optically thick calculations. The relationship between the intensities of the quintet 3d-3p ( 926 - 926.6 nm) and the triplet 3p-3s ( 844.6 nm) multiplets is investigated and found to be linear. Accurate wavelengths are determined for the Rydberg quintets on the basis of observations with the high-resolution ( similar to 40,000) Keck I/HIRES system. For the triplets the multiplets are incompletely resolved. Examples of spectra are presented where the 844.6 nm multiplet is the only OI Rydberg emission observed. We argue that the cause is Bowen fluorescence, a consequence of photoexcitation of the OI 3d-2p transition by H Lyman-beta radiation in the geocorona. The fact that so many of the oxygen Rydberg lines have been identified in this study and that their intensities are consistent with cascade models of radiative recombination is a strong confirmation of the importance of this process in the tropical nightglow near solar maximum. C1 SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tom.slanger@sri.com RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A10 AR A10309 DI 10.1029/2004JA010556 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 868AL UT WOS:000224884200004 ER PT J AU Beard, MC Lotshaw, WT Korter, TM Heilweil, EJ McMorrow, D AF Beard, MC Lotshaw, WT Korter, TM Heilweil, EJ McMorrow, D TI Comparative OHD-RIKES and THz-TDS probes of ultrafast structural dynamics in molecular liquids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL KERR; DEPOLARIZED RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; INTERMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; EFFECT SPECTROSCOPY; BENZENE; WATER; PHASE; REORIENTATION; ISOMERIZATION AB We compare terahertz time domain (THz-TDS) and optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect (OHD-RIKES) spectroscopic techniques as probes of molecular and vibrational dynamics in the frequency range of 0.1 to 6 THz (3 to 200 cm(-1)). The spectra of molecular liquids benzene, toluene, and bromobenzene, with dipole moments in the range of 0 to 1.7 D, are analyzed within a multimode spectral decomposition to examine the relative sensitivities of the techniques to distinguishable dynamical coordinates. We emphasize the use of minimum modal bases primarily for the purpose of comparing the spectra. Significant differences are found between the THz and OHD-RIKES spectra of benzene and bromobenzene that cannot be traced to rescaled oscillator strengths within a set of fixed-frequency modes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lotshaw, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wtlotshaw@msn.com OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 NR 48 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 9348 EP 9360 DI 10.1021/jp047547a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 865ER UT WOS:000224685800005 ER PT J AU Chateauneuf, GM Mikulski, PT Gao, GT Harrison, JA AF Chateauneuf, GM Mikulski, PT Gao, GT Harrison, JA TI Compression- and shear-induced polymerization in model diacetylene-containing monolayers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLYDIACETYLENE MONOLAYERS; THIN-FILMS; DIAMOND; HYDROCARBONS; FABRICATION; CARBON; MECHANOCHROMISM AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to examine the response of monolayers composed of alkyne chains, which contain diacetylene moieties, to compression and shear. The simulations show that both compression and shear result in cross-linking, or polymerization, between chains. Irregular polymerization patterns appear among the carbon backbones. The vertical positioning of the diacetylene moieties within the alkyne chains (spacer length) and the sliding direction have an influence on the pattern of cross-linking and friction. In addition, chemical reactions between the chains of the monolayer and the amorphous carbon tip occur when diacetylene moieties are located at the ends of the chains closest to the tip. These adhesive interactions increase friction. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu RI Gao, Guangtu/F-4541-2012 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 16626 EP 16635 DI 10.1021/jp048077n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865EP UT WOS:000224685600007 ER PT J AU Bartschat, K Dasgupta, A Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL AF Bartschat, K Dasgupta, A Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL TI Electron-impact-induced transitions in molybdenum and their use in modelling of a moly-oxide discharge lamp SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION; MERCURY; PLASMA; BULB AB Theoretical results from multi-state non-relativistic R-matrix (close-coupling) calculations are presented for electron-impact-induced transitions between excited states of molybdenum. The results are then used in modelling a low-pressure mercury-free Ar-MoO3 discharge lamp. Despite the complexity in the structure description of such an open-shell target and the resulting challenges in subsequent collision calculations, it is shown that an ab initio calculation can predict the most important kinetic pathways leading to the emission of visible and ultraviolet radiation. Satisfactory quantitative agreement, within approximately a factor of 2, is obtained between the measured and modelled spectra of the molybdenum-oxide discharge lamp. C1 Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bartschat, K (reprint author), Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. EM klaus.bartschat@drake.edu; petrov@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 145 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/145 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 865ZE UT WOS:000224741900002 ER PT J AU Viereck, RA Floyd, LE Crane, PC Woods, TN Knapp, BG Rottman, G Weber, M Puga, LC DeLand, MT AF Viereck, RA Floyd, LE Crane, PC Woods, TN Knapp, BG Rottman, G Weber, M Puga, LC DeLand, MT TI A composite Mg II index spanning from 1978 to 2003 SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE solar; variability; MgII; UV; EUV; ultraviolet ID IRRADIANCE COMPARISON EXPERIMENT-1; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; NOAA-11 SBUV/2; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY; PROXY; UARS; SATELLITE; SOLSTICE; MONITOR AB The Mg II core-to-wing ratio is a measure of solar chromospheric variability. The Mg II Index, formed by combining various Mg II core-to-wing data sets, has been used in EUV, UV, and total solar irradiance models. It is one of the longest records of solar variability reaching back nearly 25 years. We present a single, continuous time series of the Mg II core-to-wing ratio extending from November 1978 to the present. The Mg II core-to-wing ratio is a measurement that is well suited to the creating of a single time series despite the fact that the seven different instruments measuring the solar flux near 280 nm have different spectral resolutions and sample rates. The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM), UARS Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), ERS-2/Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and five NOAA solar backscatter ultraviolet data sets were used. Initially, the best data sets were selected to create a time series spanning from 1978 to the present. Then the gaps in the record were filled with data from various other Mg II data sets. Where no alternate data were available, a cubic spline function was used to bridge the missing data. In some cases the data gaps were too long for reasonable spline fits ( more than 5 days), and for these gaps the F10.7 cm flux data were scaled to fill the gaps. Thus a continuous, uninterrupted time series of the Mg II core-to-wing ratio was created. The final Mg II time series is compared with other solar activity indices, such as the F10.7, He I 1083, and Sunspot number, to look for trends in the Mg II data. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Viereck, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rodney.viereck@noaa.gov; linton.floyd@nrl.navy.mil; patrick.crane@nrl.navy.mil; tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu; barry.knapp@lasp.colorado.edu; gary.rottman@lasp.colorado.edu; weber@uni-bremen.de; laurence.puga@noaa.gov; matthew_deland@ssaihq.com RI Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011 OI Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450 NR 29 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 10 AR S10005 DI 10.1029/2004SW000084 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909IA UT WOS:000227852400002 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, K Cahay, M Jensen, KL AF Rangaswamy, K Cahay, M Jensen, KL TI Influence of image force potential on the shot noise properties of field emitters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTORS; EMISSION; BARRIER AB The shot noise power spectrum of the emission current from planar metallic cathodes is calculated taking into account the effects of the image force potential in front of the cathode. For metals with low work function, the Fano factor which characterizes the reduction of the shot noise power S-Iem below the Schottky result 2 qI(em) (where q is the magnitude of the charge of the electron and I-em is the time average of the emitted current) is calculated as a function of the applied external electric field and is found to be reduced substantially below the value calculated when the effects of the image charge potential are neglected. A study of the temperature dependence of the Fano factor can be used to estimate the temperature dependence of the work function of the cathode material. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM marc.cahay@uc.edu RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3763 EP 3765 DI 10.1063/1.1811790 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700037 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Zhou, L Smith, DJ AF Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Zhou, L Smith, DJ TI Effect of Al/N ratio during nucleation layer growth on Hall mobility and buffer leakage of molecular-beam epitaxy grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; ALN BUFFER; TEMPERATURE; FILMS; GAS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONDUCTION; INTERFACE AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures have been grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on semi-insulating 4H-SiC utilizing an AlN nucleation layer. The electron Hall mobility of these structures increases from 1050 cm(2)/V s to greater than 1450 cm(2)/V s when the Al/N flux ratio during the growth of the nucleation layer is increased from 0.90 to 1.07. Buffer leakage currents increase abruptly by nearly three orders of magnitude when the Al/N ratio increases from below to above unity. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that high buffer leakage is correlated with the presence of stacking faults in the nucleation layer and cubic phase GaN in the buffer, while low mobilities are correlated with high dislocation densities. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM storm@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3786 EP 3788 DI 10.1063/1.1808496 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700045 ER PT J AU Lepkowicz, RS Przhonska, OV Hales, JM Fu, J Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Bondar, MV Slominsky, YL Kachkovski, AD AF Lepkowicz, RS Przhonska, OV Hales, JM Fu, J Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Bondar, MV Slominsky, YL Kachkovski, AD TI Nature of the electronic transitions in thiacarbocyanines with a long polymethine chain SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cyanine dyes; symmetry breaking; solitonic charge wave; symmetrical and asymmetrical forms; charge density; excited-state absorption; saturable absorption; anisotropy ID EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; NEGATIVE-DEFECT TRANSPOLYACETYLENE; SOLITON MODEL COMPOUNDS; SQUARYLIUM MOLECULES; FINITE-LENGTH; POLYACETYLENE; CATIONS; DYES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB A detailed experimental investigation and quantum-chemical analysis of symmetric cyanines of different conjugation lengths have been performed with the goal of understanding the nature of the electronic transitions in molecules that possess a long chromophore. The nature of electronic transitions in cyanines with a relatively short chromophore (inside the cyanine limit) has already been investigated and many properties of these molecules are well understood. However, little is known about the nature of the transitions beyond the cyanine limit. Their unusual properties, which were proposed by Tolbert and Zhao to be connected with symmetry breaking, still remain unexplored. The analysis of the spectral data in various solvents and results of femtosecond pump-probe saturable absorption measurements enable us to conclude that an increase in the length of the chain leads to a symmetry breaking and the appearance of two forms with symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions of the charge density in the ground state. For thiacarbocyanines, symmetry breaking is predicted and observed for a pentacarbocyanine dye. Quantum-chemical calculations provide additional proof of this hypothesis. The excited-state absorption properties of a pentacarbocyanine in the visible region are also reported. For the first time we have observed an excited-state cross-section that is larger (approximate to3x) than the ground state cross-section at the peak spectral position. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, FPCE, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Organ Chem, UA-03094 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Lepkowicz, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM lepkowicz@sisyphus.nrl.navy.mil; dhagan@creol.ucf.edu RI Hagan, David/H-2204-2011 OI Hagan, David/0000-0003-2713-1767 NR 41 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 1-3 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.06.063 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860DY UT WOS:000224321000027 ER PT J AU Emslie, AG Kucharek, H Dennis, BR Gopalswamy, N Holman, GD Share, GH Vourlidas, A Forbes, TG Gallagher, PT Mason, GM Metcalf, TR Mewaldt, RA Murphy, RJ Schwartz, RA Zurbuchen, TH AF Emslie, AG Kucharek, H Dennis, BR Gopalswamy, N Holman, GD Share, GH Vourlidas, A Forbes, TG Gallagher, PT Mason, GM Metcalf, TR Mewaldt, RA Murphy, RJ Schwartz, RA Zurbuchen, TH TI Energy partition in two solar flare/CME events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar flares; coronal mass ejections; solar energetic particles; energetics; hard X rays; gamma rays ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; FORCE-FREE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; RHESSI OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON; BREMSSTRAHLUNG AB Using coordinated observations from instruments on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), we have evaluated the energetics of two well-observed flare/CME events on 21 April 2002 and 23 July 2002. For each event, we have estimated the energy contents ( and the likely uncertainties) of ( 1) the coronal mass ejection, ( 2) the thermal plasma at the Sun, ( 3) the hard X-ray producing accelerated electrons, ( 4) the gamma-ray producing ions, and ( 5) the solar energetic particles. The results are assimilated and discussed relative to the probable amount of nonpotential magnetic energy available in a large active region. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GSI, L 3 Commun, New York, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Dept L9 41, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. CALTECH, Downs Lab 220 47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Emslie, AG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM gordon.emslie@okstate.edu; kucharek@atlas.sr.unh.edu; brian.r.dennis@nasa.gov; gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov; gordon.d.holman@nasa.gov; gerald.share@nrl.navy.mil; avourlid@pythia.nrl.navy.mil; terry.forbes@unh.edu; peter.t.gallagher.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; glenn.mason@umail.umd.edu; metcalf@lmsal.com; rmewaldt@srl.caltech.edu; murphy@nrl.navy.mil; richard.a.schwartz.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; thomasz@umich.edu RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Holman, Gordon/C-9548-2012; Dennis, Brian/C-9511-2012; Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400 NR 55 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 23 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A10 AR A10104 DI 10.1029/2004JA010571 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867YL UT WOS:000224878800004 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Rudakov, LI AF Huba, JD Rudakov, LI TI Hall magnetic reconnection rate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; CHALLENGE; MHD; SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE AB Two-dimensional Hall magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to determine the magnetic reconnection rate in the Hall limit. The simulations are run until a steady state is achieved for four initial current sheet thicknesses: L=1,5,10, and 20c/omega(pi), where c/omega(pi) is the ion inertial length. It is found that the asymptotic (i.e., time independent) state of the system is nearly independent of the initial current sheet width. Specifically, the Hall reconnection rate is weakly dependent on the initial current layer width and is partial derivativePhi/partial derivativetless than or similar to0.1V(A0)B(0), where Phi the reconnected flux, and V-A0 and B-0 are the Alfven velocity and magnetic field strength in the upstream region. Moreover, this rate appears to be independent of the scale length on which the electron "frozen-in" condition is broken (as long as it is 284 nm, epsilon(max) 6.9 --> 9.8 mM(-1) cm(-1)). Deprotonation led to a pH-dependent line broadening in the H-1 NMR spectrum of iPrNHN(O)=NOMe, suggesting a complex fluxionality possibly involving isomerizations around the N-N bonds. Consistent with this interpretation, evidence for extensive delocalization and associated changes in bond order on ionizing RNHN(O)=NOR' were found in density functional theory calculations using Gaussian 03 with B3LYP/ 6-311 ++G** basis sets. With MeNHN(O)=NOMe as a model, all N-N and N-O bonds lengthened by 0.04-0.07 A as a result of ionization except for the MeN-N linkage, which shortened by 7%. These anions can be N-alkylated to generate (RRNN)-R-1-N-2(O)=NOR3 derivatives that would otherwise be difficult to access synthetically. Additionally, some RNHN(O)=NOR' species may display unique and beneficial pharmacological properties. As one example, an agent with R = isopropyl and R' = beta-D-glucosyl was prepared and shown to generate nitric oxide in the presence of glucosidase at pH 5. C1 SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, NCI, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Chem Sect, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Keefer, LK (reprint author), SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, NCI, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM keefer@ncifcrf.gov RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014; OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CO 12400] NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 40 BP 12880 EP 12887 DI 10.1021/ja0351538i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 860QI UT WOS:000224357700055 PM 15469285 ER PT J AU Wallace, JM Dening, BM Eden, KB Stroud, RM Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Wallace, JM Dening, BM Eden, KB Stroud, RM Long, JW Rolison, DR TI Silver-colloid-nucleated cytochrome c superstructures encapsulated in silica nanoarchitectures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; SCATTERING; SOL; LIPASE; NANOPARTICLES; ORIENTATION; AEROGELS; SOLVENTS AB We recently discovered that self-organized superstructures of the heme protein cytochrome c (cyt. c) are nucleated in buffer by gold nanoparticles. The protein molecules within the superstructure survive both silica sol-gel encapsulation and drying from supercritical carbon dioxide to form air-filled biocomposite aerogels that exhibit gas-phase binding activity for nitric oxide. In this investigation, we report that viable proteins are present in biocomposite aerogels when the nucleating metal nanoparticle is silver rather than gold. Silver colloids were synthesized via reduction of an aqueous solution of Ag+ using either citrate or borohydride reductants. As determined by transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, the silver nanoparticles vary in size and shape depending on the synthetic route, which affects the fraction of cyt. c that survives the processing necessary to form a biocomposite aerogel. Silver colloids synthesized via the citrate preparation are polydisperse, with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm, and lead to low cyt. c viability in the dried bioaerogels (similar to15%). Protein superstructures nucleated at similar to10-nm Ag colloids prepared via the borohydride route, including citrate stabilization of the borohydride-reduced metal, retain significant protein viability within the bioaerogels (similar to45%). C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Sensors & Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 21 BP 9276 EP 9281 DI 10.1021/la048478u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 861BR UT WOS:000224391600050 PM 15461518 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD AF Dermer, CD TI Curvature effects in gamma-ray burst colliding shells SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID EXTERNAL SHOCK MODEL; INTERNAL SHOCKS; VARIABILITY; ENERGETICS; FIREBALL; SPECTRA; PULSES; JETS AB An elementary kinematic model for emission produced by relativistic spherical colliding shells is studied. The case of a uniform blast-wave shell with jet opening angle theta(j) much greater than 1/Gamma is considered, where Gamma is the Lorentz factor of the emitting shell. The shell, with comoving width Deltar', is assumed to be illuminated for a comoving time Deltat' and to radiate a broken-power-law nuL(nu) spectrum peaking at comoving photon energy epsilon(pk,0)'. Synthetic gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses are calculated, and the relation between energy flux and internal comoving energy density is quantified. Curvature effects dictate that the measured nuF(nu) flux at the measured peak photon energy epsilon(pk) be proportional to epsilon(pk)(3) in the declining phase of a GRB pulse. Possible reasons for discrepancies with observations are discussed, including adiabatic and radiative cooling processes that extend the decay timescale, a nonuniform jet, and the formation of pulses by external shock processes. A prediction of a correlation between prompt emission properties and times of the optical afterglow beaming breaks is made for a cooling model, which can be tested with Swift. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 614 IS 1 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1086/426532 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 860TT UT WOS:000224366900030 ER PT J AU van Joolen, VJ Neta, B Givoli, D AF van Joolen, VJ Neta, B Givoli, D TI High-order boundary conditions for linearized shallow water equations with stratification, dispersion and advection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE waves; shallow water; stratification; high-order; artificial boundary; open boundary condition; Higdon; Klein-Gordon; finite difference; auxiliary variables ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; ELASTIC-WAVES; EULER EQUATIONS; MODELS; FORMULATION; PROPAGATION; OPERATORS; SCHEME AB The two-dimensional linearized shallow water equations are considered in unbounded domains with density stratification. Wave dispersion and advection effects are also taken into account. The infinite domain is truncated via a rectangular artificial boundary B, and a high-order open boundary condition (OBC) is imposed on B. Then the problem is solved numerically in the finite domain bounded by B. A recently developed boundary scheme is employed, which is based on a reformulation of the sequence of OBCs originally proposed by Higdon. The OBCs can easily be used up to any desired order. They are incorporated here in a finite difference scheme. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the performance and advantages of the computational method, with an emphasis is on the effect of stratification. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Asher Ctr Space Res, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, 1141 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM vjvanjoo@nps.navy.mil; bneta@nps.navy.mil; givolid@aerodyne.technion.ac.iI RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 361 EP 381 DI 10.1002/fld.754 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 856SK UT WOS:000224064900002 ER PT J AU Deeney, C Apruzese, JP Coverdale, CA Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J AF Deeney, C Apruzese, JP Coverdale, CA Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J TI Spectroscopic diagnosis of nested-wire-array dynamics and interpenetration at 7 MA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; GAS PUFF; MODES; POWER AB Nested-wire array experiments have been conducted at the 7 MA level with 150 ns implosion times from an outer diameter of 40 mm. Analysis of spectral data indicates that material from the outer array preferentially occupies the high temperature core of the stagnated pinch independent of the interwire gap in the range of 1.1 to 4.5 mm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Deeney, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 155001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.155001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600038 PM 15524890 ER PT J AU Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Malanoski, AP Schnur, JM AF Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Malanoski, AP Schnur, JM TI Shape selection in chiral self-assembly SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELICAL RIBBONS; TETHERED SURFACES; TUBULES; CHOLESTEROL; DYNAMICS; BILAYERS; GELS AB Many biological and synthetic materials self-assemble into helical or twisted aggregates. The shape is determined by a complex interplay between elastic forces and the orientation and chirality of the constituent molecules. We study this interplay through Monte Carlo simulations, with an accelerated algorithm motivated by the growth of an aggregate out of solution. The simulations show that the curvature changes smoothly from cylindrical to saddlelike as the elastic moduli are varied. Remarkably, aggregates of either handedness form from molecules of a single handedness, depending on the molecular orientation. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Selinger, RLB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Selinger, Robin/0000-0002-6519-9685 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 158103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.158103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600093 PM 15524945 ER PT J AU Garces, M Willis, M Hetzer, C Le Pichon, A Drob, D AF Garces, M Willis, M Hetzer, C Le Pichon, A Drob, D TI On using ocean swells for continuous infrasonic measurements of winds and temperature in the lower, middle, and upper atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL INFRASOUND; PROPAGATION; MICROSEISMS AB The arrival azimuths of coherent microbarom signals observed in Hawaii during 2003 are associated with high ocean wave activity in the Pacific Basin, the dominant wind directions in the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, and the thermal structure of the atmosphere. Some of the seasonal trends in the microbarom observations can be explained by the winds in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, while some of the daily variability can be explained by the winds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. However, coherent energy from powerful swells may overcome the wind-carried microbarom signals and arrive to the station through thermospheric ducting. Our observations suggest that either (1) the wind speeds in the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere may be underestimated in atmospheric models or (2) elevated leaky infrasonic waveguides are persistent propagation paths that should be investigated in more detail. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CEA, Dept Anal & Surveillance Environm, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 East West Rd,POST 602B, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM milton@isla.hawaii.edu RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Aucan, Jerome/M-8378-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Aucan, Jerome/0000-0002-9883-0082 NR 14 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 19 AR L19304 DI 10.1029/2004GL020696 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 861PI UT WOS:000224429100005 ER PT J AU Siddiqui, MA Hughes, SH Boyer, PL Mitsuya, H Van, QN George, C Sarafinanos, SG Marquez, VE AF Siddiqui, MA Hughes, SH Boyer, PL Mitsuya, H Van, QN George, C Sarafinanos, SG Marquez, VE TI A 4 '-C-ethynyl-2 ',3 '-dideoxynucleoside analogue highlights the role of the 3 '-OH in anti-HIV active 4 '-C-ethynyl-2 '-deoxy nucleosides SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; POTENT INHIBITORS; STERIC HINDRANCE; 3TC RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO; AGENT; 4'-AZIDOTHYMIDINE; TRIPHOSPHATE; NUCLEOTIDES AB 4'-C-Ethynyl-2'-deoxynucleosides belong to a novel class of nucleoside analogues endowed with potent activity against a wide spectrum of HIV viruses, including a variety of resistant clones. Although favorable selectivity indices were reported for several of these analogues, some concern still exists regarding the 3'-OH group and its role in cellular toxicity. To address this problem, we removed the 3'-OH group from 4'-C-ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine (1a). This compound was chosen because of its combined high potency and low selectivity index. The removal of the 3'-OH was not straightforward; it required a different synthetic approach from the one used to synthesize the parent compound. Starting with glycidyl-4-methoxyphenyl ether, the target 4'-C-ethynyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidine analogue (rac-1h) was obtained after 13 steps. In a cellular assay, rac-1h was completely inactive (0.001-10 muM) against HIVLAI, demonstrating the critical importance of the 3'-OH for antiviral activity. To determine whether the role of the 3'-OH was essential for the phosphorylation of the compound by cellular kinases or for inhibition of DNA polymerization, we synthesized and tested the 5'-triphosphate (rac-1h-TP) for its ability to inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). rac-lh-TP was slightly more potent than AZT-5'-triphosphate against wild-type HIV RT, suggesting that the role of the 3'-OH is crucial only for the activation of the drug by cellular kinases. The lipase-catalyzed resolution of rac-1h into ent-1h (beta-D-dideoxyribo) and ent-14 (beta-L-dideoxyribo) and the synthesis of the corresponding 5'-triphosphates established the stereochemical assignment based on HIV RT's preference for the beta-D-enantiomer, which was confirmed by assaying against the M184V variant, an RT mutant with a marked preference for incorporating nucleosides in the D-configuration. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Expt Retrovirol Sect, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SAIC Frederick, NMR Grp, Lab Proteom & Analyt Technol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Med Chem Lab, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@dc37a.nci.nih.gov NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 21 BP 5041 EP 5048 DI 10.1021/jm049550o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 858VC UT WOS:000224219200008 PM 15456247 ER PT J AU Kolhatkar, R Cook, CD Ghorai, SK Deschamps, J Beardsley, PM Reith, MEA Dutta, AK AF Kolhatkar, R Cook, CD Ghorai, SK Deschamps, J Beardsley, PM Reith, MEA Dutta, AK TI Further structurally constrained analogues of cis-(6-benzhydrylpiperidin-3-yl)benzylamine with elucidation of bioactive conformation: Discovery of 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives and evaluation of their biological properties for the monoamine transporters SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; BINDING AFFINITIES; MICE LACKING; COCAINE; DESIGN; PIPERIDINE; DRUGS; PERMEABILITY; AMPHETAMINE AB Our structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on piperidine analogues for monoamine transporters led to the development of a series of 3,6-disubstituted piperidine derivatives, structurally constrained versions of flexible piperidine analogues, with preferential affinity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). In our attempt to further rigidify this structure to study influence of rigidity on binding and in vivo activity, we have developed a series of 4,8-disubstituted 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. All synthesized derivatives were tested for their affinity at the DAT, serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain by measuring their potency in competing for the binding of [H-3]WIN 35, 428, [H-3]citalopram, and [H-3]nisoxetine, respectively. Selected compounds were also tested for their ability to inhibit uptake of [H-3]DA. The SAR study led to the discovery of a potent lead compound (-)-S,S-10c which exhibited high affinity and selectivity for the DAT (IC50 = 22.5 nM; SERT/DAT = 384 and NET/DAT > 444). It is interesting to note that both (-)-10c and the lead compound from the 3,6-disubstituted series (-)-2 exhibited highest activity in their (S,S) isomer indicating similar requirement of regiospecificity for maximum interaction. Overall, our current SAR results corresponded well with the results from less constrained 3,6-disubstituted versions of these molecules albeit the former class exhibited more stringent requirement in molecular structure for activity. However, the potent compounds in the current series exhibited greater selectivity for the DAT compared to their corresponding lesser constrained 3,6-disubstituted versions indicating an effect of rigidity in selective interaction with the transporter proteins. In an effort to elucidate the bioactive conformational. structure of the lead molecules in the current and the 3,6-disubstituted series, a preliminary molecular modeling study was carried out where the most rigid derivative (-)-10c was used,as a template structure. Compounds (-)-2 and (-)-10c exhibited stimulant activity in locomotor tests in mice in which (-)-2 exhibited a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to (-)-10c. Both compounds occasioned complete cocaine-like responding in mice trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg ip cocaine from vehicle. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Applebaum Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. NYU, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Dutta, AK (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Applebaum Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Rm 3128, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM adutta@wayne.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 12449] NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 21 BP 5101 EP 5113 DI 10.1021/jm049796t PG 13 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 858VC UT WOS:000224219200015 PM 15456254 ER PT J AU Brown, LB Gerrard, AJ Meriwether, JW Makela, JJ AF Brown, LB Gerrard, AJ Meriwether, JW Makela, JJ TI All-sky imaging observations of mesospheric fronts in OI 557.7 nm and broadband OH airglow emissions: Analysis of frontal structure, atmospheric background conditions, and potential sourcing mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE airglow; mesospheric dynamics; waves and tides ID MONOCHROMATIC GRAVITY-WAVES; REGION 80-105 KM; INVERSION-LAYER; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MESOPAUSE REGION; 40-DEGREES-N LATITUDE; ALOHA-93 CAMPAIGN; THERMAL STRUCTURE; OCTOBER 9; MODEL AB All-sky imaging observations of distinct, large horizontal transient mesospheric structures with a spatial scale of similar to100 km detected in images of broadband OH and OI 557.7 nm airglow emissions were made over Clemson, South Carolina, on the night of 14-15 October 2001. We designate these structures as mesospheric fronts and present a detailed summary of this night series of observations, paying particular attention to the details of the different frontal structures, the wave-like activity seen throughout the night, and the background atmospheric conditions. These data are compared to other observations of similar mesospheric fronts found in the literature, and we seek to understand them in relation to mesospheric bores, ducted gravity waves, mesospheric wall events, and nonlinear gravity wave interactions. We find that the observed frontal characteristics and the atmospheric background structure exhibit a close resemblance to previous observations of mesospheric bores. Owing to this similarity, and supported by gravity wave ray-tracing experiments, we propose a sequence of events that generated the mesospheric fronts observed in the airglow emission. Furthermore, we note this similarity in atmospheric structure suggests a potential means of predicting the occurrence of such mesospheric phenomena. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brown, LB (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM bailesb@yahoo.com; agerrar@clemson.edu; john.meriwether@ces.clemson.edu; jmakela@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19104 DI 10.1029/2003JD004223 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861PO UT WOS:000224429700003 ER PT J AU Kahn, R Anderson, J Anderson, TL Bates, T Brechtel, F Carrico, CM Clarke, A Doherty, SJ Dutton, E Flagan, R Frouin, R Fukushima, H Holben, B Howell, S Huebert, B Jefferson, A Jonsson, H Kalashnikova, O Kim, J Kim, SW Kus, P Li, WH Livingston, JM McNaughton, C Merrill, J Mukai, S Murayama, T Nakajima, T Quinn, P Redemann, J Rood, M Russell, P Sano, I Schmid, B Seinfeld, J Sugimoto, N Wang, J Welton, EJ Won, JG Yoon, SC AF Kahn, R Anderson, J Anderson, TL Bates, T Brechtel, F Carrico, CM Clarke, A Doherty, SJ Dutton, E Flagan, R Frouin, R Fukushima, H Holben, B Howell, S Huebert, B Jefferson, A Jonsson, H Kalashnikova, O Kim, J Kim, SW Kus, P Li, WH Livingston, JM McNaughton, C Merrill, J Mukai, S Murayama, T Nakajima, T Quinn, P Redemann, J Rood, M Russell, P Sano, I Schmid, B Seinfeld, J Sugimoto, N Wang, J Welton, EJ Won, JG Yoon, SC TI Environmental snapshots from ACE-Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; environmental snapshots; dust; pollution; atmospheric closure ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; LOWER TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE IN-SITU; WATER-VAPOR; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; MAUNA-LOA AB On five occasions spanning the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) field campaign in spring 2001, the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer spaceborne instrument took data coincident with high-quality observations by instruments on two or more surface and airborne platforms. The cases capture a range of clean, polluted, and dusty aerosol conditions. With a three-stage optical modeling process, we synthesize the data from over 40 field instruments into layer-by-layer environmental snapshots that summarize what we know about the atmospheric and surface states at key locations during each event. We compare related measurements and discuss the implications of apparent discrepancies, at a level of detail appropriate for satellite retrieval algorithm and aerosol transport model validation. Aerosols within a few kilometers of the surface were composed primarily of pollution and Asian dust mixtures, as expected. Medium- and coarse-mode particle size distributions varied little among the events studied; however, column aerosol optical depth changed by more than a factor of 4, and the near-surface proportion of dust ranged between 25% and 50%. The amount of absorbing material in the submicron fraction was highest when near-surface winds crossed Beijing and the Korean Peninsula and was considerably lower for all other cases. Having simultaneous single-scattering albedo measurements at more than one wavelength would significantly reduce the remaining optical model uncertainties. The consistency of component particle microphysical properties among the five events, even in this relatively complex aerosol environment, suggests that global, satellite-derived maps of aerosol optical depth and aerosol mixture (air-mass-type) extent, combined with targeted in situ component microphysical property measurements, can provide a detailed global picture of aerosol behavior. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Tokai Univ, Sch High Technol Human Welf, Numazu 4100395, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Marina, CA 93933 USA. Korea Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul 156720, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Kinki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Fac Marine Engn, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1358533, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Atmospher Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahn, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ralph.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov; janderson@asu.edu; tadand@atmos.washington.edu; tim.bates@noaa.gov; fredb@bnl.gov; carrico@lamar.colostate.edu; tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu; edutton@cmdl.noaa.gov; flagan@caltech.edu; rfrouin@ucsd.edu; hajime@fksh.fc.u-tokai.ac.jp; brent@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; showell@soest.hawaii.edu; huebert@hawaii.edu; anne.jefferson@noaa.gov; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil; olga.v.kalashnikova@jpl.nasa.gov; jykim@metri.re.kr; kimsw@air.snu.ac.kr; pinarkus@uiuc.edu; wli@sdsio-mail.jpl.nasa.gov; jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov; cameronm@soest.hawaii.edu; jmerrill@boreas.gso.uri.edu; mukai@im.kindai.ac.jp; murayama@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp; teruyuki@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov; redemann@atmos.ucla.edu; mrood@uiuc.edu; philip.b.russell@nasa.gov; sano@im.kindai.ac.jp; bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov; seinfeld@caltech.edu; nsugimot@nies.go.jp; jian@bnl.gov; welton@virl.gsfc.nasa.gov; wonjg@air.snu.ac.kr; yoon@snu.ac.kr RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S14 DI 10.1029/2003JD004339 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897XA UT WOS:000227038200001 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Russell, AM Lograsso, TA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M AF Kellogg, RA Russell, AM Lograsso, TA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M TI Tensile properties of magneto strictive iron-gallium alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron alloys; magnetostriction; slip; elastic behavior; auxetic ID MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES; FE-GA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POISSON RATIOS; AL ALLOYS; STRESS; MAGNETOELASTICITY; TEMPERATURE AB Iron-gallium alloys can produce magnetostrictions of similar to400 ppm and might function as mechanically robust actuator/sensing materials. Single crystal specimens of Fe-17 at.% Ga were tested in tension at room temperature. Specimens with a [ 1 1 0 ] tensile axis orientation exhibited { 1 1 0}< 1 1 1 > slip and an ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa through 1.6% elongation. The Young's modulus was 160 GPa in the loading direction with a Poisson's ratio of -0.37 on the ( 1 0 0 ) major face. A specimen with a [ 1 0 0 ] tensile axis orientation exhibited { 2 1 1 } < 1 1 1 > slip and discontinuous yielding. A maximum tensile strength of 515 MPa was observed with fracture occurring after 2% elongation. The Young's modulus was 65 GPa in the loading direction with a Poisson's ratio of 0.45 on the (0 0 1) major face. A sizeable elastic anisotropy of 19.9 was identified for Fe-27.2 at.% Ga accompanied by a Poisson's ratio of -0.75 to produce a large in-plane auxetic behavior. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Sandia Natl Labs, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Sandia Natl Labs, Ames, IA USA. EM rakello@sandia.gov OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 17 TC 109 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 17 BP 5043 EP 5050 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.007 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 856GD UT WOS:000224032800009 ER PT J AU Ku, CC Zerboni, L Ito, H Graham, BS Wallace, M Arvin, AM AF Ku, CC Zerboni, L Ito, H Graham, BS Wallace, M Arvin, AM TI Varicella-zoster virus transfer to skin by T cells and modulation of viral replication by epidermal cell interferon-alpha SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE T cell immune surveillance; viral pathogenesis; inflammation; immune evasion; interferon-alpha ID HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN CD4(+); ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION; INTERLEUKIN-1-ALPHA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; PROTEINS; TROPISM AB Primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes the characteristic syndrome of varicella, or chickenpox. Experiments in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with human skin grafts (SCIDhu mice) indicate that VZV infection of T cells can mediate transfer of infectious virus to skin. VZV-infected T cells reached epithelial sites of replication within 24 h after entering the circulation. Memory CD4(+) T cells were the predominant population recovered from skin in SCIDhu mice given uninfected or irdected mononuclear cells, suggesting that immune surveillance by memory T cells may facilitate VZV transfer. The increased susceptibility of memory T cells to VZV infection may further enhance their role in VZV pathogenesis. During VZV skin infection, viral gene products down-regulated interferon-alpha to permit focal replication, whereas adjacent epidermal cells mounted a potent interferon-alpha response against cell-cell spread. Interleukin-1alpha, although activated in VZV-infected cells, did not trigger expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, thereby avoiding early recruitment of inflammatory cells. The prolonged varicella incubation period appears to represent the time required for VZV to overcome antiviral responses of epidermal cells and generate vesicles it the skin surface. Modulation of VZV replication by cutaneous innate immunity may avoid an incapacitating infection of the host that would limit opportunities for VZV transmission. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ku, CC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 300 Pasteur Dr,S356, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM cck@stanford.edu OI KU, CHIA-CHI/0000-0002-5740-1505 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA49605, P01 CA049605]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI020459, AI20459] NR 27 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 7 BP 917 EP 925 DI 10.1084/jem.20040634 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 860YN UT WOS:000224380700009 PM 15452178 ER PT J AU Leathers, RA Downes, TV AF Leathers, RA Downes, TV TI Self-shading correction for oceanographic upwelling radiometers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER OPTICAL-INSTRUMENTS; ALGORITHMS; BATHYMETRY; BAHAMAS; BOTTOM AB We present the derivation of an analytical model for the self-shading error of an oceanographic upwelling radiometer. The radiometer is assumed to be cylindrical and can either be a profiling instrument or include a wider cylindrical buoy for floating at the sea surface. The model treats both optically shallow and optically deep water conditions and can be applied any distance off the seafloor. We evaluate the model by comparing its results to those from Monte Carlo simulations. The analytical model performs well over a large range of environmental conditions and provides a significant improvement to previous analytical models. The model is intended for investigators who need to apply self-shading corrections to radiometer data but who do not have the ability to compute shading corrections with Monte Carlo simulations. The model also can provide guidance for instrument design and cruise planning. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sequoia Sci, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. RP Leathers, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leathers@nrl.navy.mil; downes@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 20 BP 4709 EP 4718 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.004709 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 859HL UT WOS:000224253900005 PM 19484022 ER PT J AU Elson, JM Halterman, K AF Elson, JM Halterman, K TI Local density of states analysis of surface wave modes on truncated photonic crystal surfaces with nonlinear material SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POSSESSING KERR NONLINEARITY; BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATION; GAP AB The local density of states and response to an incident plane wave of a finite sized photonic crystal (PC) with nonlinear material (NLM) is analyzed. Of particular interest is the excitation of surface wave modes at the truncated surface of the PC, which is collocated with the NLM material. We compute the 2D Green function of the PC with linear material and then include the Kerr NLM in a self-consistent manner. The 2D PC consists of a square array of circular rods where one row of the rods is semi-circular in order to move the surface wave defect mode frequency into the band gap. Since the surface modes are resonant at the interface, the NLM should experience at least an order of magnitude increase in field intensity. This is a possible means of increasing the efficiency of the PC as a frequency conversion device. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Signal & Sensor Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Elson, JM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, Signal & Sensor Sci Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM john.elson@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 20 BP 4855 EP 4863 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.004855 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 859HL UT WOS:000224253900022 PM 19484039 ER PT J AU Gianna-Poulin, C Wood, S Brock, M Black, FO AF Gianna-Poulin, C Wood, S Brock, M Black, FO TI Dynamic posturography in humans imagining a fixed spatial reference SO ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE allocentric; egocentric; gaze; human; posture; reference frame; remembered target ID STABILIZATION AB Objective - To investigate the effect of imagining a fixed spatial reference on balance control. Material and Methods - Twenty-one healthy subjects were asked to remain as stable as possible while standing on a sway-referenced platform (NeuroCom Equitest posturography system). Subjects were instructed to keep their eyes open in the dark and to either look far into the distance without fixating on any particular point in space or to direct their gaze towards a remembered earth-fixed target (25-cm distant). Room lights were switched off immediately before each 20-s sway recording. Postural stability measures included equilibrium scores and root-mean-square sway amplitudes in the anterior-posterior plane. Results - Postural sway was not influenced by the instruction to gaze towards a remembered target. Conclusion - Imagining a fixed spatial reference does not influence postural control, at least during sway-referenced dynamic posturography. C1 Legacy Clin Res & Technol Ctr, Neurotol Dept, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Gianna-Poulin, C (reprint author), Legacy Clin Res & Technol Ctr, Neurotol Dept, 1225 NE 2nd Ave, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM poulinc@ohsu.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00205] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-6489 J9 ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL JI Acta Oto-Laryngol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 124 IS 8 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1080/00016480410017503 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 855TS UT WOS:000223998000010 PM 15513530 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ AF Viera, AJ TI Night sweats are commonly vasomotor symptoms - In reply SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Family Practice Dept, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Family Practice Dept, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1231 EP 1231 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862OI UT WOS:000224500100004 ER PT J AU Kucik, CJ Clenney, T Phelan, J AF Kucik, CJ Clenney, T Phelan, J TI Management of acute nasal fractures SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB In cases of facial trauma, nasal fractures account for approximately 40 percent of bone injuries. Treatment in the primary care setting begins with evaluating the injury, taking an: accurate history of the situation in which the injury occurred, and ascertaining how the face and nose appeared and functioned before the injury occurred. Serious injuries should be treated, then nasal inspection and palpation may be performed to assess for airway patency, mucosal laceration, and septal deformity. A thorough examination of the nose and surrounding structures, including the orbits, mandible, and cervical spine, should be completed. Imaging studies are necessary for facial or mandibular fractures. Patients with septal hematomas, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, malocclusion, or extraocular movement defects should be referred to a subspecialist. Treatment in the primary care setting consists of evaluation, pain and infection management, minimal debridement and, when the physician is appropriately trained, dosed reduction. If an immediate referral is not indicated, dose follow-up, possibly with a subspecialist, should be arranged within three to five days after the injury. Copyright (C) 2004 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. USN, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. Marine Corps Air Stn, Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 251, Beaufort, SC USA. RP Clenney, T (reprint author), 1705 Broad Water Ct, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. EM tclenney@msn.com NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1315 EP 1320 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862OI UT WOS:000224500100012 PM 15508543 ER PT J AU Arness, MK Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Wells, TS Engler, RJM Collins, LC Ludwig, SL Riddle, JR Grabenstein, JD Tornberg, DN AF Arness, MK Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Wells, TS Engler, RJM Collins, LC Ludwig, SL Riddle, JR Grabenstein, JD Tornberg, DN CA Dept Def Smallpox Vaccination Clin TI Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military personnel; myocarditis; pericarditis; smallpox; vaccination; vaccinia virus ID ACUTE INFECTIOUS MYOCARDITIS; UNITED STATES 1963; COMPLICATIONS; PERICARDITIS; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE AB Myopericarditis has been a rare or unrecognized event after smallpox vaccinations with the New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia virus (Dryvax; Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, Pennsylvania). In this article, the authors report an attributable incidence of at least 140 clinical cases of myopericarditis per million primary smallpox vaccinations with this strain of vaccinia virus. Fifty-eight males and one female aged 21-43 years with confirmed or probable acute myopericarditis were detected following vaccination of 492,730 US Armed Forces personnel from December 15, 2002, through September 30, 2003. The cases were identified through sentinel reporting to military headquarters, active surveillance using the Defense Medical Surveillance System, or reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. The observed incidence (16.11/100,000) of myopericarditis over a 30-day observation window among 347,516 primary vaccinees was nearly 7.5-fold higher than the expected rate of 2.16/100,000 (95% confidence interval: 1.90, 2.34) among nonvaccinated, active-duty military personnel, while the incidence of 2.07/100,000 among 145,155 revaccinees was not statistically different from the expected background rate. The cases were predominantly male (58/59; 98.3%) and White (51/59; 86.4%), both statistically significant associations (p = 0.0147 and p = 0.05, respectively). C1 USAF, Res Labs, HEP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Reg Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr Network, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. US Coast Guard Hlth & Safety Directorate, Washington, DC USA. USA, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Med Command, Falls Church, VA USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Riddle, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, HEP, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM James.Riddle@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 7 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh269 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 856ZB UT WOS:000224083700005 PM 15383408 ER PT J AU Herman, ME AF Herman, ME TI Acute pancreatitis as a manifestation of HIV seroconversion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 144 BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700144 ER PT J AU Hyun, CB Beutel, VJ AF Hyun, CB Beutel, VJ TI Randomized prospective trial of post-liver biopsy recovery positions: Does positioning really matter? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 239 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700237 ER PT J AU Johnston, MH Eastone, JA Frizzel, E Horwhat, JD AF Johnston, MH Eastone, JA Frizzel, E Horwhat, JD TI Cryoablation of Barrett's esophagus(BE): The ideal ablative therapy? A pilot study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 882 BP S288 EP S289 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700875 ER PT J AU Kurland, JE Beck, S Solomon, C Doctolero, R Brann, OS Carethers, J Huang, S AF Kurland, JE Beck, S Solomon, C Doctolero, R Brann, OS Carethers, J Huang, S TI Cyclooxygenase 2 is not overexpressed in polyps from juvenile polyposis syndrome patients with mutant BMPR1A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, La Jolla, CA 90034 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 326 BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700322 ER PT J AU Womeldorph, CM Goldkind, L AF Womeldorph, CM Goldkind, L TI Etanercept and inflammatory bowel disease: Friend or foe SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroentrology CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Coll Gastroentrol C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 99 IS 10 SU S MA 538 BP S175 EP S176 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 862GW UT WOS:000224479700533 ER PT J AU Sharma, SK Chattopadhyay, R Chakrabarti, K Pati, SS Srivastava, VK Tyagi, PK Mahanty, S Misra, SK Adak, T Das, BS Chitnis, CE AF Sharma, SK Chattopadhyay, R Chakrabarti, K Pati, SS Srivastava, VK Tyagi, PK Mahanty, S Misra, SK Adak, T Das, BS Chitnis, CE TI Epidemiology of malaria transmission and development of natural immunity in a malaria-endemic village, San Dulakudar, in Orissa State, India SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM POPULATIONS; SEASONAL TRANSMISSION; HYPERENDEMIC MALARIA; HOLOENDEMIC AREA; HOST AGE; THAILAND; CHILDREN; COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; ANTIBODIES AB We describe the epidemiology of malaria in San Dulakudar, a village in Sundargarh District in the state of Orissa in eastern India. Malaria transmission is perennial with Plasmodium falciparum, accounting for greater than 80% of malaria cases. Transmission intensity varies with season with high transmission after the monsoon rains in autumn and winter, low transmission in summer, and intermediate transmission in spring. The anthropophagic mosquito Anopheles fluviatilis was identified as the main vector for malaria transmission. Based on observations of spleen rates and supported by data on malaria parasite prevalence and malaria incidence, San Dulakudar can be classified as a hyperendemic area for P. falciparum malaria. Parasite prevalence and malaria incidence rates decrease with age suggesting that residents of San Dulakudar develop immunity to malaria. The study demonstrates the presence of regions in the Indian subcontinent such as Sundargarh District where P. falciparum is the primary cause of malaria and where malaria transmission rates are comparable to those found in many parts of Africa. C1 Malaria Res Ctr Field Stn, Rourkela 769002, Orissa, India. Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Malaria Grp, New Delhi, India. Ispat Gen Hosp, Rourkela, Orissa, India. Malaria Res Ctr, Delhi, India. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Sch Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Sharma, SK (reprint author), Malaria Res Ctr Field Stn, Sector 5, Rourkela 769002, Orissa, India. EM rkl_mrcrkl@sancharnet.in; chattopadhyayr@nmrc.navy.mil; kausiik@eml.cc; rkl_sspati@sancharnet.in; salliedhealth@hotmail.com; sanjibmalaria@rediffmail.com; rkl_soroj@sancharnet.in; adak@mrcindia.org; rkl_swetadas@sancharnet.in; echitnis@icgeb.res.in RI Adak, Tridibes/C-2501-2011; Sharma, Surya/E-1492-2011 NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 867CY UT WOS:000224821000015 PM 15516643 ER PT J AU Antevil, J Rivera, L Langenberg, B Brown, CVR AF Antevil, J Rivera, L Langenberg, B Brown, CVR TI The influence of age and gender on the utility of computed tomography to diagnose acute appendicitis SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Southern California Chapter of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY JAN 16-18, 2004 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP Amer Coll Surg, SO Calif Chapter ID SUSPECTED APPENDICITIS; NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMY; PERFORATION RATES; MISDIAGNOSIS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; CT AB Few studies have examined the effects of age and gender on the utility of diagnostic computed tomography (CT) for appendicitis. We retrospectively studied all adult patients undergoing appendectomy from January 2000 through December 2002 (633 patients). Patients 15-30 years old ("Younger") were compared to patients >30 ("older") and further subdivided by gender. CT accuracy and the influence of CT on negative appendectomy (NA) rates for each group were evaluated. CT was associated with a lower NA rate in older patients (23% vs 8%, P = 0.004) but had no effect on NA rate in younger patients (26% vs 20%, P = 0.2). Appendiceal CT had greater sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy in older than in younger patients. When subdivided by gender, CT was associated with lower NA rates for all female patients but had no effect in either age group of men. Although CT may be more accurate in patients older than 30 years, it has the greatest benefit in female patients, where it is associated with lower NA rates in all adult patients. CT should be strongly considered for all female patients before operation for suspected appendicitis. Further study is needed to determine which, if any, male patients benefit from preoperative CT. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Brown, CVR (reprint author), LAC USC Med Ctr, 1200 N State St,Room 9900, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 850 EP 853 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 862CW UT WOS:000224468300004 PM 15529835 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Anderson, GP Lassman, ME Goldman, ER Bettencourt, LA Mauro, JM AF Medintz, IL Anderson, GP Lassman, ME Goldman, ER Bettencourt, LA Mauro, JM TI General strategy for biosensor design and construction employing multifunctional surface-tethered components SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; FLUORESCENT NANOSENSORS; IN-VIVO; AGENTS; IMMOBILIZATION; HYBRIDIZATION; RECOGNITION; CELLS AB Biosensors function by reversibly linking bioreceptor-target analyte binding with closely integrated signal generation and can either continuously monitor analyte concentrations or be returned to baseline readout values by removal of analyte. We present an approach for producing fully reversible, reagentless, self-assembling biosensors on surfaces. In the prototype biosensor, quencher-dye-labeled biotin-linked E. coli maltose binding protein (MBP) bound in a specific orientation to a NeutrAvidin-coated surface is employed as a bioreceptor. To complete sensor formation, a modular tether arm consisting of a flexible biotinylated DNA oligonucleotide, a fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) donor dye, and a distal beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) analyte analogue is bound in an equimolar amount to the same surface by means of DNA-directed immobilization. After self-assembly, a baseline level of FRET quenching is observed due to specific interaction between the beta-CD of the flexible tether arm and the sugar binding site of MBP, which brings the two dyes into proximity. Addition of the target analyte, the nutrient maltose, displaces the linked beta-CD-dye of the DNA-based tether arm, and a concentration-dependent change in FRET results. Biosensor sensitivity and dynamic range can be controlled by either using MBP variants having different binding constants or by binding of modulator DNA oligonucleotides that are complementary to the flexible DNA tether. The sensor can be regenerated and returned to baseline quenching levels by washing away analyte. A complex set of interactions apparently exists on the sensing surface that may contribute to sensor behavior and range. Ibis approach may represent a general way to assemble a wide range of useful biosensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 19 BP 5620 EP 5629 DI 10.1021/ac049419o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 858UL UT WOS:000224217400021 PM 15456279 ER PT J AU Oster, NS Chaffee, MW AF Oster, NS Chaffee, MW TI Hospital preparedness analysis using the hospital emergency analysis tool (The HEAT) SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 New York Methodist Hosp, New York, NY USA. USN, Med Off Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 SU S MA 197 BP S61 EP S61 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.201 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 859WZ UT WOS:000224300300201 ER PT J AU Ojha, R Fey, AL Lovell, JEJ Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ AF Ojha, R Fey, AL Lovell, JEJ Jauncey, DL Johnston, KJ TI VLBA snapshot imaging survey of scintillating sources SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; polarization; quasars : general; reference systems ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; INTRADAY VARIABILITY; QUASAR J1819+3845; RADIO-SOURCES; ANNUAL CYCLES AB We present 8.4 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 75 extragalactic radio sources drawn from the scintillating sources discovered in the Microarcsecond Scintillation-induced Variability survey. This survey clearly showed that the fraction of scintillating sources and the amplitude of their variability increases strongly with decreasing flux density, raising the possibility that scintillating sources may be systematically extremely core dominated. The observations presented here were designed to investigate this hypothesis. The results indeed show that most of the scintillating sources we observed with the VLBA have an extremely compact, core-dominated morphology, which has important implications for interpretations of the scintillation seen in these sources. In addition, these sources are potential candidates for inclusion in the International Celestial Reference Frame. C1 CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Mt Stromlo Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Ojha, R (reprint author), CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM rojha@atnf.csiro.au NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1570 EP 1587 DI 10.1086/423916 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YD UT WOS:000224303400008 ER PT J AU Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Hyman, SD LaRosa, TN Brogan, CL Duric, N AF Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE Hyman, SD LaRosa, TN Brogan, CL Duric, N TI High-resolution, wide-field imaging of the galactic center region at 330 MHz SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; radio continuum : general; techniques : interferometric ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ISOLATED NONTHERMAL FILAMENTS; RADIO-SOURCES; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLANE; SCATTERING; PULSARS; SPECTRUM; THREADS AB We present a wide-field, subarcminute-resolution VLA image of the Galactic center region at 330 MHz. With a resolution of similar to7" x 12" and an rms noise of 1.6 mJy beam(-1), this image represents a significant increase in resolution and sensitivity over the previously published VLA image at this frequency. The improved sensitivity has more than tripled the census of small-diameter sources in the region, has resulted in the detection of two new nonthermal filaments (NTFs), 18 NTF candidates, and 30 pulsar candidates, reveals previously known extended sources in greater detail, and has resulted in the first detection of Sagittarius A* in this frequency range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nord, ME (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM Michael.Nord@nrl.navy.mil; Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; Namir.Kassim@nrl.navy.mil; shyman@sbc.edu; ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; cbrogan@ifa.hawaii.edu; duric@tesla.phys.unm.edu NR 51 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1646 EP 1670 DI 10.1086/424001 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YD UT WOS:000224303400014 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Henden, A Fraser, O Silvestri, N Bochanski, J Wolfe, MA Agueros, M Warner, B Woudt, P Tramposch, J Homer, L Schmidt, G Knapp, GR Anderson, SF Covey, K Harris, H Hawley, S Schneider, DP Voges, W Brinkmann, J AF Szkody, P Henden, A Fraser, O Silvestri, N Bochanski, J Wolfe, MA Agueros, M Warner, B Woudt, P Tramposch, J Homer, L Schmidt, G Knapp, GR Anderson, SF Covey, K Harris, H Hawley, S Schneider, DP Voges, W Brinkmann, J TI Cataclysmic variables from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. The third year SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : dwarf novae ID DATA RELEASE; M-DWARFS; SYSTEM; MAGNITUDES; CANDIDATES; LATITUDE; FAINT AB This paper continues the series that identifies new cataclysmic variables found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We present 36 cataclysmic variables and one possible symbiotic star from Sloan spectra obtained during 2002, of which 34 are new discoveries, two are known dwarf novae (BC UMa and KS UMa), and one is a known cataclysmic variable identified from the Two-Degree Field survey. The positions, colors, and spectra of all 37 systems are presented, along with follow-up spectroscopic/ photometric observations of 10 systems. As in the past 2 yr of data, the new SDSS systems show a large variety of characteristics based on their inclination and magnetic fields, including three eclipsing systems, four with prominent He II emission, and 15 systems showing features of the underlying stars. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 36 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1882 EP 1893 DI 10.1086/423997 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YD UT WOS:000224303400038 ER PT J AU Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Guzzo, L Collins, CA Voges, W Cruddace, RG Ortiz-Gil, A Chincarini, G De Grandi, S Edge, AC MacGillivray, HT Neumann, DM Schindler, S Shaver, P AF Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Guzzo, L Collins, CA Voges, W Cruddace, RG Ortiz-Gil, A Chincarini, G De Grandi, S Edge, AC MacGillivray, HT Neumann, DM Schindler, S Shaver, P TI The ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray (REFLEX) Galaxy cluster survey - V. The cluster catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE catalogs; surveys; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : large-scale structure of Universe; X-rays : general; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION; COSMIC MATTER DENSITY; ECLIPTIC POLE SURVEY; SOUTH-GALACTIC-POLE; RADIO-SOURCE SURVEY; N-LOG S; RICH CLUSTERS AB We present the catalogue of the REFLEX Cluster Survey providing information on the X-ray properties, redshifts, and some identification details of the clusters in the REFLEX sample. The catalogue describes a statistically complete X-ray flux-limited sample of 447 galaxy clusters above an X-ray flux of 3 x 10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2) (0.1 to 2.4 keV) in an area of 4.24 ster in the southern sky. The cluster candidates were first selected by their X-ray emission in the ROSAT-All Sky Survey and subsequently spectroscopically identified in the frame of an ESO key programme. Previously described tests have shown that the sample is more than 90% complete and there is a conservative upper limit of 9% on the fraction of clusters with a dominant X-ray contamination from AGN. In addition to the cluster catalogue we also describe the complete selection criteria as a function of the sky position and the conversion functions used to analyse the X-ray data. These are essential for the precise statistical analysis of the large-scale cluster distribution. This data set is at present the largest, statistically complete X-ray galaxy cluster sample. Together with these data set we also provide for the first time the full three-dimensional selection function. The sample forms the basis of several cosmological studies, one of the most important applications being the assessment of the statistics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the test of cosmological models. Part of these cosmological results have already been published. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Valencia, Astron Observ, Valencia 22085, Spain. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astrophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM hxb@mpe.mpg.de OI Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 242 TC 368 Z9 369 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 425 IS 1 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034484 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 865WH UT WOS:000224734400042 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW AF Lazio, TJW TI On the enhanced interstellar scattering toward B1849+005 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (B1849+005); ISM : structure; pulsars : individual (B1849+00); radio continuum : general; scattering ID ANGULAR BROADENING MEASUREMENTS; SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; LOW GALACTIC LATITUDES; COMPACT RADIO-SOURCE; H-I ABSORPTION; FREE-ELECTRONS; CYGNUS REGION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; PULSAR SCINTILLATION; PLASMA TURBULENCE AB This paper reports new Very Large Array (VLA) and Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the extragalactic source B1849+005 (Galactic coordinates l = 33.degrees44, b = +0.degrees21) at frequencies between 0.33 and 15 GHz and the reanalysis of archival VLA observations at 0.33, 1.5, and 4.9 GHz. The structure of this source is complex, confirming previous suggestions, but interstellar scattering dominates the structure of the central component at least to 15 GHz. An analysis of the phase structure functions of the interferometric visibilities shows the density fluctuations along this line of sight to be anisotropic ( axial ratio = 1.3) with a frequency-independent position angle and having an inner scale of roughly a few hundred kilometers. The anisotropies occur on length scales of order 10(15) cm (D/5 kpc), which within the context of certain magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theories indicates the length scale on which the kinetic and magnetic energy densities are comparable. A conservative upper limit on the velocity of the scattering material is 1800 km s(-1), based on the lack of changes in the shapes of the 0.33 GHz images. In the 0.33 GHz field of view, there are a number of other sources that might also be heavily scattered, which would suggest that there are large changes in the scattering strength on lines of sight separated by a degree or less. Both B1849+005 and PSR B1849+00 are highly scattered, and they are separated by only 13'. If the lines of sight are affected by the same "clump'' of scattering material, it must be at least 2.3 kpc distant. However, a detailed attempt to account for the scattering observables toward these sources ( angular broadening of the extragalactic source, pulse broadening of the pulsar, and upper limits on the angular broadening of the pulsar) does not produce a self-consistent set of parameters for a clump that can reproduce all three measured scattering observables. A clump of Halpha emission, possibly associated with the H II region G33.418 - 0.004, lies between these two lines of sight, but it seems unable to account for all of the required excess scattering. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC USA. EM joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 613 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1036 DI 10.1086/423261 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YB UT WOS:000224303200030 ER PT J AU Kotwal, RS Meyer, DE O'Connor, KC Shahbaz, BA Johnson, TR Sterling, RA Wenzel, RB AF Kotwal, RS Meyer, DE O'Connor, KC Shahbaz, BA Johnson, TR Sterling, RA Wenzel, RB TI Army ranger casualty, attrition, and surgery rates for airborne operations in Afghanistan and Iraq SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE airborne; Afghanistan; attrition; casualties; combat; Iraq; military; Operation Enduring Freedom; Operation Iraqi Freedom; parachute ID PARACHUTING INJURIES; BATTALION; CARE AB Introduction: Although numerous articles have been published documenting parachute injuries, a search of the medical literature revealed none that detail casualty, attrition, and surgery rates for airborne operations conducted into actual combat. This study examines observed airborne casualty, attrition, and surgery rates in U.S. Army Rangers during combat operations in order to identify risk factors attributed to static-line parachute injuries and provide a comparison to estimated attrition rates. Methods: Data were recorded on standardized manual casualty cards and tracking forms while treatment was provided during two missions into Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom and two missions into Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom, and then consolidated onto an electronic database for further analysis. Results: There were 4 airborne missions totaling 634 jumpers that resulted in 83 injuries sustained by 76 Rangers (12%). Of those, 27 Rangers (4%) were unable to continue the mission and were subsequently evacuated. There were I I Rangers (20%) who required surgery following evacuation. The overall observed attrition rate differed from the estimated rate (p = 0.04). Although observed attrition rates did not differ from estimations in Afghanistan (p = 0.75), attrition rates in Iraq were greater than estimated rates (p = 0.02) and observed rates in Afghanistan (p = 0.05). Discussion: Many factors impact casualty, attrition, and injury patterns. Terrain and equipment load were notable associations analyzed in this study. Conclusions: Medical, logistical, and operational personnel can optimize support for airborne forces through improved estimation of casualty, attrition, and surgical rates. Risk factors associated with military parachuting can potentially provide further accuracy in estimating attrition and are recommended for integration into current models. C1 USN, Operat Med Inst, Army Navy Aerosp Med Residency, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. 75th Ranger Regiment, Ft Benning, CA USA. Evans Army Community Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Ft Carson, CO USA. Pentagon, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kotwal, RS (reprint author), USN, Operat Med Inst, Army Navy Aerosp Med Residency, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM russ.kotwal@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 10 BP 833 EP 840 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 858HE UT WOS:000224182100001 PM 15497362 ER PT J AU Long, JW Dunn, B Rolison, DR White, HS AF Long, JW Dunn, B Rolison, DR White, HS TI Three-dimensional battery architectures SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ORDERED MESOPOROUS CARBON; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; POLYPHENYLENE OXIDE-FILMS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MESOSCOPIC TIO2 ANATASE C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; bdunn@ucla.edu; rolison@nrl.navy.mil; white@chem.utah.edu NR 269 TC 707 Z9 717 U1 47 U2 456 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 104 IS 10 BP 4463 EP 4492 DI 10.1021/cr020740l PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 863DB UT WOS:000224539700006 PM 15669159 ER PT J AU Stafford, CM Storlie, EJ Deaton, TG Mahon, RT Bradshaw, DA AF Stafford, CM Storlie, EJ Deaton, TG Mahon, RT Bradshaw, DA TI A decrease in the maximum concentration of methacholine administered during bronchoprovocation testing does not improve short-term military retention in a united states marine corps recruit population SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT CHEST 2004 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2004 CL Seattle, WA C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 SU S BP 705S EP 705S PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 865VF UT WOS:000224731400004 ER PT J AU Fulambarker, A Copur, AS Javet, A Jere, S Cohen, ME AF Fulambarker, A Copur, AS Javet, A Jere, S Cohen, ME TI Reference values for pulmonary function in Asian Indians living in the United States SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE Asian Indians; predicted equations; pulmonary function; racial differences; reference values; spirometry ID NORMAL SPIROMETRIC VALUES; VITAL CAPACITY; FUNCTION TESTS; LUNG-VOLUMES; MEN; STANDARDS; CALCUTTA; ADULTS; RACE AB Objective: To establish reference values for pulmonary function in the Asian-Indian population living in the United States. Design: Five-year cross-sectional study of pulmonary function in healthy adult Asian Indians living in the United States, using American Thoracic Society guidelines for measuring pulmonary function. Setting: Measurement of pulmonary function in healthy nonsmoking Asian Indians in a pulmonary function laboratory or at festivals, picnics, and ceremonies where subjects could be conveniently recruited. Participants: Four hundred sixty subjects from a population of Asian Indians residing in the Chicago metropolitan area. Measurements: Spirometry was performed in all subjects with measurements of FEV1, FVC, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75). Lung volumes were measured in eighty subjects. Prediction equations for FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 were derived using multiple regression analysis. Results: Three hundred sixty-three subjects (226 men and 137 women) met the inclusion criteria. Spirometric values derived from our prediction equations, when compared to the values for whites from the selected studies in the literature, showed FVC to be 20 to 24% lower in men and 25 to 28% lower in women. FEV1 was 16 to 23% lower in men and 20 to 26% lower in women. Differences were not quite as large when compared to values from African Americans and other studies on Asians. Conclusions: We provide reference values for pulmonary function in nonsmoking Asian Indians living in the United States. These reference values should be used for evaluation of pulmonary function in this population. C1 Rosalind Franklin Univ Med & Sci, Div Pulm, Chicago Med Sch, VA Great Lakes Hlth Care Syst, N Chicago, IL USA. VA Med Ctr, N Chicago, IL USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Fulambarker, A (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, VA Great Lakes Hlth Care Syst, 111-P,3001 Green Bay Rd, Chicago, IL 60064 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1225 EP 1233 DI 10.1378/chest.126.4.1225 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 864ZY UT WOS:000224673100037 PM 15486386 ER PT J AU Liakos, A AF Liakos, A TI Discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary condition II SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; slip boundary condition; two-level discretization method; branches of nonsingular solutions ID FINITE-ELEMENT APPROXIMATION; FLOW AB Multilevel methods are a common tool for solving nonlinear systems arising from discretizations of elliptic boundary value problems (see, e.g., [1,2]). Multilevel methods consist of solving the nonlinear problem on a coarse mesh and then performing one or two Newton correction steps on each subsequent mesh thus solving only one or two larger linear systems. In a previous paper by the author [3], a two-level method was proposed for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary condition. Uniqueness of solution to the nonlinear problem (Step 1 of the two-level method) is guaranteed provided that the data of the problem (i.e., the Reynolds number. and the forcing term) is bounded. In practice, however, the aforementioned bound on the data is rarely satisfied. Consequently, a priori error estimates should not rely upon this bound. Such estimates will be established in this report. For the two-level method, the scalings of the meshwidths that guarantee optimal accuracy in the H-1-norm, are equally favorable to those in the uniqueness case. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Liakos, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM liakos@usna.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 1153 EP 1166 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.10.012 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 878SX UT WOS:000225668200012 ER PT J AU van Joolen, V Neta, B Givoli, D AF van Joolen, V Neta, B Givoli, D TI A stratified dispersive wave model with high-order nonreflecting boundary conditions SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE wave equation; nonreflecting boundary conditions; stratification; finite difference; dispersion ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; ELASTIC-WAVES; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; EQUATIONS; SCATTERING; SCHEME AB A layered-model is introduced to approximate the effects of stratification on linearized shallow water equations. This time-dependent dispersive wave model is appropriate for describing geophysical (e.g., atmospheric or oceanic) dynamics. However, computational models that embrace these very large domains that are global in magnitude can quickly overwhelm computer capabilities. The domain is therefore truncated via artificial boundaries, and nonreflecting boundary conditions (NRBC) devised by Higdon are imposed. A scheme previously proposed by Neta and Givoli that easily discietizes high-order Higdon NRBCs is used. The problem is solved by finite difference (FD) methods. Numerical examples follow the discussion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Asher Ctr Space Res, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP van Joolen, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, 1141 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM vjvanjoo@nps.navy.mil; bneta@nps.navy.mil; givolid@aerodyne.technion.ac.il RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 1167 EP 1180 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.10.013 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 878SX UT WOS:000225668200013 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Riddle, MS Tribble, DR Jobanputra, NK Jones, JJ Scott, DA Frenck, RW AF Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Riddle, MS Tribble, DR Jobanputra, NK Jones, JJ Scott, DA Frenck, RW TI The epidemiology of self-reported diarrhea in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL; DISEASE AB Diarrhea remains a potential cause of compromised military effectiveness. To assess diarrhea rates and mission impact in operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, a survey was administered to soldiers participating in the "Rest and Recuperation" program in Doha, Qatar. Between October and December 2003, 2,389 volunteers completed a questionnaire designed to assess the occurrence and impact of diarrhea. The median length of deployment was 7.2 months, 70% reported at least one episode, and 56% had multiple episodes of diarrhea. Overall, 43% reported decreased job performance for a median of 2 days, and 17% reported being on bed rest for a median of 2 days. While this survey showed high rates of diarrhea associated with decreased operational effectiveness, the results are consistent with prior military operations in this region. Further research is needed to develop better methods for illness prevention and its minimization on operational impact. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), NAMRU3 PSC 452, Box 117, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM sandersj@namru3.org RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 2 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.06.008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 867ZQ UT WOS:000224882000002 PM 15474316 ER PT J AU Babich, YV Feigelson, BN Yelisseyev, AP AF Babich, YV Feigelson, BN Yelisseyev, AP TI Nitrogen aggregation and linear growth rate in HPHT synthetic diamonds SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE single crystal growth; synthetic diamond; N impurity ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; KINETICS; IMPURITIES; NICKEL; 1500-DEGREES-C AB The distribution of C and A nitrogen defects in octahedral growth sectors of a synthetic diamond grown by the temperature gradient method (Fe-Ni-C system) at P=6.0 GPa and T=1470-1495 degreesC was thoroughly studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Applied zoning technique during crystal growth made it possible to determine the post-growth annealing duration, derive nitrogen aggregation rate constants (based on a second-order model) and evaluate the linear growth rate at points of analysis. The results demonstrate that the rate constant of A-defect formation can change widely within the separate octahedral growth sectors of the same single crystal (from 3.0 x 10(-7) to 7.5 x 10(-10) ppm(-1) s(-1)) and is non-linearly dependent on the linear growth rate. The variation in nitrogen aggregation rate is proposed to connect with the non-uniform nickel incorporation in diamond lattice, which takes place as a result of linear growth rate changing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SB RAS, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Russian Acad Sci, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20639 USA. RP Babich, YV (reprint author), SB RAS, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Russian Acad Sci, Pr Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM babich@uiggm.nsc.ru RI Yelisseyev, Alexander/A-3846-2014; Babich, Yuri/A-5655-2014 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1802 EP 1806 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2004.04.010 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 854EJ UT WOS:000223883400009 ER PT J AU Neidhardt, J Hultman, L Broitman, E Scharf, TW Singer, IL AF Neidhardt, J Hultman, L Broitman, E Scharf, TW Singer, IL TI Structural, mechanical and tribological behavior of fullerene-like and amorphous carbon nitride coatings SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon nitride; nanostructures; mechanical properties; tribology ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; THIN-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; WEAR BEHAVIOR; HARD; CNX; FRICTION; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTS AB The mechanical and tribological properties of fullerene-like (FL) and amorphous carbon nitride (CNx) coatings synthesized by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering were analyzed and compared to carbon coatings deposited without N-2. Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) was used to determine the amount of incorporated nitrogen while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the local bonding environment. Nano-indentation revealed a large spread in hardness, elastic modulus and elastic recovery. The tribological performance of the coatings was tested with a reciprocating sliding tribometer that allowed in situ visualization of the sliding contact. Tests were performed with a sapphire hemisphere sliding at 4 mm/s in dry and ambient humidity air. Friction coefficients of the FL-CNx coatings in both humidities were slightly higher than those of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC); the values were between 0.1 and 0.25, dropping as the bias voltage increased. FL-CNx coatings had higher wear resistance than amorphous CNX, DLC and graphite coatings in sliding contact although the hardnesses of the coatings were comparable. Wear rates of the FL-CNx coatings in ambient air were lower than in dry air and orders of magnitude lower than the other carbon coatings. Furthermore, the most wear-resistant high-temperature FL-CNx coating had the highest hardness, but the shortest wear life of the three high-temperature FL-CNx coatings. In situ visualization indicated films transferred from the coating to the sapphire hemisphere; the transfer film isolated the hemisphere from the coating, thereby controlling both the friction coefficient and the wear behavior. Effects of deposition conditions, structure and hardness on wear and friction behavior are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Linkoping Univ, IFM, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Neidhardt, J (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, IFM, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM jorne@ifm.liu.se RI Broitman, Esteban/L-6950-2015 OI Broitman, Esteban/0000-0003-3277-1945 NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1882 EP 1888 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2004.05.012 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 854EJ UT WOS:000223883400022 ER PT J AU Pilone, M AF Pilone, M TI The eclipse visual editor for java SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pilone, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 67 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 851JF UT WOS:000223680700016 ER PT J AU Ratcliffe, C Bagaria, WJ Garcia, SMF Fahey, RP AF Ratcliffe, C Bagaria, WJ Garcia, SMF Fahey, RP TI Rapid binary gage function to extract a pulsed signal buried in noise SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE rapid binary gage function; signal; pulsed signal; noise AB The type of signal studied in this paper is a periodic pulse, with the pulse length short compared to the period, and the signal is buried in noise. If standard techniques such as the fast Fourier transform are used to study the signal, the data record needs to be very long. Additionally, there would be a very large number of calculations. The rapid binary gage function was developed to quickly determine the period of the signal, and the start time of the first pulse in the data. Once these two parameters are determined, the pulsed signal can be recovered using a standard data folding and adding technique. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ratcliffe, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ratcliff@usna.edu; bagaria@usna.edu; smg@usna.edu; rpfahey@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI SYLVANIA PA PO BOX 1210, SYLVANIA, OH 43560 USA SN 1110-8657 J9 EURASIP J APPL SIG P JI EURASIP J Appl. Signal Process. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 2004 IS 13 BP 1985 EP 1992 DI 10.1155/S111086570440701X PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 878VW UT WOS:000225676400004 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH Kelly, SR Flaim, GM Giuseppetti, AA AF Dickens, SH Kelly, SR Flaim, GM Giuseppetti, AA TI Dentin adhesion and microleakage of a resin-based calcium phosphate pulp capping and basing cement SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adhesion; calcium phosphates; dental cements; microleakage; resin-modified ID MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH; COMPOSITE RESTORATION; LINING MATERIALS; ORAL MICROFLORA; HYDROXIDE; ACID; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; DIFFERENTIATION; MONOMERS; MONKEY AB An experimental resin-based bioactive calcium phosphate cement, intended as a pulp capping and basing material, was evaluated for dentin shear bond strength and microleakage. The interfacial morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For microleakage, dentin cavities without (Group A) or after (Group B) acid etching were restored with the calcium phosphate cement. A resin-based calcium hydroxide (VLC Dycal; Group C) was used as control material according to the manufacturer's instructions. After water storage and thermocycling, the microleakage was scored using a AgNO3 staining procedure. For the shear bond strength, flat exposed dentin surfaces were treated as for the microleakage test. Metal irises pressed against the dentin surface were filled with the cements, which were photocured. Both tests were carried out after 1 wk. While acid etching did not result in significantly greater microleakage, it led to higher shear bond strength, and allowed, as shown by SEM, the formation of a hybrid layer and resin tags. Both groups treated with the calcium phosphate cement had significantly lower microleakage scores and higher mean shear bond strength values than the groups treated with the control material. C1 Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Sch Dent, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 013298] NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-8836 J9 EUR J ORAL SCI JI Eur. J. Oral Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 112 IS 5 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00163.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 858GI UT WOS:000224179900011 PM 15458506 ER PT J AU Galloway, DR Baillie, L AF Galloway, DR Baillie, L TI DNA vaccines against anthrax SO EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; DNA vaccine; genetic immunisation; lethal factor; protective antigen ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PLASMID DNA; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MARBURG VIRUS; LETHAL TOXIN AB DNA vaccination is vaccination at its simplest. Due to renewed interest in vaccination against anthrax and other biothreat agents, a genetic immunisation approach offers attractive possibilities for rapid, responsive vaccine development. DNA vaccination against anthrax is an active area of research showing promising results at present, which in the short-term and in the future could form the basis for new advances in multi-agent vaccine development. The anthrax 'model' constitutes an important experimental system for genetic immunisation technology development. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Biodef Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Galloway, DR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biodef Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHLEY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2598 J9 EXPERT OPIN BIOL TH JI Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1661 EP 1667 DI 10.1517/14712598.4.10.1661 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 862TZ UT WOS:000224515300011 PM 15461577 ER PT J AU Baillie, L Townend, T Walker, N Eriksson, U Williamson, D AF Baillie, L Townend, T Walker, N Eriksson, U Williamson, D TI Characterization of the human immune response to the UK anthrax vaccine SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine; lethal toxin; immune responses; epitopes ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LETHAL TOXIN; COMPONENTS; PROTEIN; SPORES AB The anthrax bipartite lethal toxin (protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF))-specific antibody responses of humans receiving the UK licensed anthrax vaccine were determined. The PA-specific IgG response peaked two weeks post immunization and fell back to pre-boost levels by week 12. The heterogeneity of the host population modulated the extent of the PA-specific antibody response. Significantly lower levels of LF-specific antibodies were also detected. Vaccinated individuals recognized the same PA epitope as the protective mouse lethal toxin neutralizing monoclonal 2133 suggesting that this may also be a target for human protection. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. NDRE, Inst Microbiol, SE-90182 Umea, Sweden. RP Baillie, L (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bailliel@nmrc.navy.mil OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.05.011 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 859IO UT WOS:000224256800017 PM 15364114 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Levi, AJ Miller, BT Segars, JH AF Frattarelli, JL Levi, AJ Miller, BT Segars, JH TI Prognostic use of mean ovarian volume in in vitro fertilization cycles: a prospective assessment SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; mean ovarian volume; basal antral follicle count; pregnancy; cancellation rate; ovarian response; ovarian reserve; predictive value; clinical outcome; review ID REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY CYCLES; STIMULATING-HORMONE LEVELS; CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; DAY 3 ESTRADIOL; TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY; INVITRO FERTILIZATION AB Objective: To determine the predictive value and to define prognostic threshold measurements for mean ovarian volume (MOV) in patients undergoing IVF. Design: Prospective cohort analysis. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patient(s): Two hundred sixty-seven patients. Intervention(s): Transvaginal ultrasound before starting gonadotropins. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of oocytes retrieved, basal hormone levels, and cycle outcomes. Result(s): The MOV for the population was 4.78 +/- 2.6 cm(3) (range 0.9-21.1 cm(3)). The MOV significantly correlated with the majority of prestimulation and poststimulation IVF parameters. Threshold analysis demonstrated a lower pregnancy rate associated with a MOV of <2 cm(3) (31.6% vs. 55.6%). Threshold analysis revealed a trend toward higher cancellation rate associated with a MOV of <2 cm(3) (21.1% vs. 7.3%). Conclusion(s): Although MOV correlated with IVF stimulation parameters, its use as an adjunct in counseling patients during IVF appears to be of limited value. A MOV <2 cm(3) was associated clinically with a higher cancellation rate (21.1%) and a lower pregnancy rate (31.6%) in those cycles not cancelled. However, these values do not deviate far from the mean national IVF outcome rates. There was no absolute MOV that was predictive of pregnancy outcome or cycle cancellation. (C)2004 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Connecticut Fertil Associates, Bridgeport, CT USA. Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Morristown, NJ USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USN, Natl Med Ctr, Combined Fed Program Reprod Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USN, Natl Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr,Pediat & Reprod Endocrin, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM john.frattarelli@amedd.army.mil NR 17 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 4 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.143 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 862UO UT WOS:000224516800011 PM 15482752 ER PT J AU Aguiar, JC LaBaer, J Blair, PL Shamailova, VY Koundinya, M Russell, JA Huang, FY Mar, W Anthony, RM Witney, A Caruana, SR Brizuela, L Sacci, JB Hoffman, SL Carucci, DJ AF Aguiar, JC LaBaer, J Blair, PL Shamailova, VY Koundinya, M Russell, JA Huang, FY Mar, W Anthony, RM Witney, A Caruana, SR Brizuela, L Sacci, JB Hoffman, SL Carucci, DJ TI High-throughput generation of P. falciparum functional molecules by recombinational cloning SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENOME SEQUENCE; DNA VACCINES; LIFE-CYCLE; MALARIA; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PROTEOME AB Large-scale functional genomics studies for malaria vaccine and drug development will depend on the generation of molecular tools to study protein expression. We examined the feasibility of a high-throughput cloning approach using the Gateway system to create a large set of expression clones encoding Plasmodium falciparum single-exon genes. Master clones and their ORFs were transferred en masse to multiple expression vectors. Target genes (n = 303) were selected using specific sets of criteria, including stage expression and secondary structure. Upon screening four colonies per capture reaction, we achieved 84% cloning efficiency. The genes were subcloned in parallel into three expression vectors: a DNA vaccine vector and two protein expression vectors. These transfers yielded a 100% success rate without any observed recombination based on single colony screening. The functional expression of 95 genes was evaluated in mice with DNA vaccine constructs to generate antibody against various stages of the parasite. From these, 19 induced antibody titers against the erythrocytic stages and three against sporozoite stages. We have overcome the potential limitation of producing large P. falciparum clone sets in multiple expression vectors. This approach represents a powerful technique for the production of molecular reagents for genome-wide functional analysis of the P, falciparum genome and will provide for a resource for the malaria resource community distributed through public repositories. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Harvard Univ, Inst Proteom, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Aguiar, JC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM aguiarj@nmrc.navy.mil OI Witney, Adam/0000-0003-4561-7170 NR 33 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 10B BP 2076 EP 2082 DI 10.1101/gr.2416604 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 862TM UT WOS:000224514000012 PM 15489329 ER PT J AU Guarda, S AF Guarda, S TI Fontane's "'Frau Jenny Treibel' ": A mute siren singing a piracy play. SO GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW LA German DT Article AB Through a dose analysis of the two key characters, Professor Schmidt and the artist figure Adolar Krola in Theodor Fontane's Frau Jenny Treibel, this study explicates the puzzling conciliatorytone of the epilogue and brings to light a ritualistic dimension carried forward through Professor Schmidt's siren song. The novel reveals itself to be far more than a satire on the bourgeoisie as has generally been argued. It is in essence a playful act of piracy couched in a siren song and shares many artistic features with Fontane's other works such asschach von Wuthenow (1883) and Der Stechlin (1898). C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guarda, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARIZ STATE UNIV PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV, BOX 873204, TEMPE, AZ 85287-3204 USA SN 0149-7952 J9 GER STUD REV JI Ger. Stud. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 527 EP 541 DI 10.2307/4140981 PG 15 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 866PK UT WOS:000224785200005 ER PT J AU Potty, GR Miller, JH Dahl, PH Lazauski, CJ AF Potty, GR Miller, JH Dahl, PH Lazauski, CJ TI Geoacoustic inversion results from the ASIAEX East China Sea experiment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms (GAs); geoacoustic inversion; group speed dispersion; time-frequency analysis ID SHALLOW-WATER; PARAMETERS; SEDIMENTS AB This paper presents the results of geoacoustic inversions carried out using data from the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment East China Sea. Broadband data from small explosive sources were used for the inversions. Compressional wave speeds in the sediment and basement layers were estimated using a nonlinear, long-range, tomographic inversion technique based on group speed dispersion. This tomographic technique is a hybrid approach that combines a genetic algorithm for global parameter search with a Levenberg-Marquardt method for fine-scale parameter tuning. The results were compared with data from gravity and piston cores and a geophysical survey conducted at the experimental location using a watergun and towed hydrophone array. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Underwater Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Potty, GR (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM potty@oce.uri.edu OI Miller, James H./0000-0001-7156-3589 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1010 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.833224 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700010 ER PT J AU Ramp, SR Chiu, CS Bahr, FL Qi, YQ Dahl, PH Miller, J Lynch, JF Zhang, RH Zhou, JX AF Ramp, SR Chiu, CS Bahr, FL Qi, YQ Dahl, PH Miller, J Lynch, JF Zhang, RH Zhou, JX TI The shelf-edge frontal structure in the central East China Sea and its impact on low-frequency acoustic propagation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE environmental acoustics; internal waves; Kuroshio current; shelf circulation ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERNAL WAVES; YELLOW SEA; SULU SEA; KUROSHIO; CURRENTS; SUMMER; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; NORTHEAST AB Two field programs, both parts of the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX), were carried out in the central East China Sea (28degrees to 30degreesN, 126degrees 30' to 128degreesE) during April 2000 and June 2001. The goal of these programs was to study the interactions between the shelf edge environment and acoustic propagation at a wide range of frequencies and spatial scales. The low-frequency across-slope propagation was studied using a synthesis of data collected during both years including conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and mooring data from 2000, and XBT, thermistor chain, and wide-band source data front 2001. The water column variability during both years was dominated by the Kuroshio Current flowing from southwest to northeast over the continental slope. The barotropic tide was a mixed diurnal/semidiurnal tide with moderate amplitude compared to other parts of the Yellow and East China Sea. A large amplitude semidiurnal internal tide was also a prominent feature of the data during both years. Bursts of high-frequency internal waves were often observed, but these took the form of internal solitons only once, when a rapid off-shelf excursion of the Kuroshio coincided with the ebbing tide. Two case studies in the acoustic transmission loss (TL) over the continental shelf and slope were performed. First, anchor station data obtained during 2000 were used to study how a Kuroshio warm filament on the shelf induced variance in the transmission loss (TL) along the seafloor in the NW quadrant of the study region. The corresponding modeled single-frequency TL structure explained the significant fine-scale variability in time primarily by the changes in the multi path/multimode interference pattern. The interference was quite sensitive to small changes in the phase differences between individual paths/modes induced by the evolution of the warm filament. Second, the across-slope sound speed sections from 2001 were used to explain the observed phenomenon of abrupt signal attenuation as the transmission range lengthened seaward across the continental shelf and slope. This abrupt signal degradation was caused by the Kuroshio frontal gradients that produced an increasingly downward-refracting sound-speed field seaward from the shelf break. This abrupt signal dropout was explained using normal mode theory and was predictable and source depth dependent. For a source located above the turning depth of the highest-order shelf-trapped mode. none of the propagating modes on the shelf were excited, causing total signal extinction on the shelf. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Acoust, Beijing, Peoples R China. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI QI, Yiquan/H-2637-2012; OI Miller, James H./0000-0001-7156-3589 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1031 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.840842 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700011 ER PT J AU Lynch, JF Ramp, SR Chin, CS Tang, TY Yang, YJ Simmen, JA AF Lynch, JF Ramp, SR Chin, CS Tang, TY Yang, YJ Simmen, JA TI Research highlights from the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment in the South China Sea SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; Asian Seas International; Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX); internal waves; ocean currents; South China Sea ID OCEAN; DYNAMICS; TAIWAN; MODEL; TIDE AB The Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX) included two major field programs, one in the South China Sea (SCS) and the other in the East China Sea (ECS). This paper summarizes results from the work conducted during April and May 2000 and 2001 over the continental shelf and slope in the northeastern South China Sea, just east of Dongsha Island (Pratis Reef). The primary emphasis of the field program was on water-column variability and its impact on acoustic propagation loss. The reader is steered to the appropriate paper within this Special Issue when more information on a specific topic is desired. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USN, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1074 DI 10.1109/JOE.2005.843162 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700018 ER PT J AU Beardsley, RC Duda, TF Lynch, JF Irish, JD Ramp, SR Chiu, CS Tang, TY Yang, YJ Fang, GH AF Beardsley, RC Duda, TF Lynch, JF Irish, JD Ramp, SR Chiu, CS Tang, TY Yang, YJ Fang, GH TI Barotropic tide in the northeast South China Sea SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sea measurements; South China Sea; tidal currents; tides ID MODEL AB A moored array deployed across the shelf break in the northeast South China Sea during April-May 2001 collected sufficient current and pressure data to allow estimation of the barotropic tidal currents and energy fluxes at five sites ranging in depth from 350 to 71 m. The tidal currents in this area were mixed, with the diurnal O1 and K1 currents dominant over the upper slope and the semidiurnal M2 current dominant over the shelf. The semidiurnal S2 current also increased onshelf (northward), but was always weaker than O1 and K1. The tidal currents were elliptical at all sites, with clockwise turning with time. The O1 and K1 transports decreased monotonically northward by a factor of 2 onto the shelf, with energy fluxes directed roughly westward over the slope and eastward over the shelf. The M2 and S2 current ellipses turned clockwise and increased in amplitude northward onto the shelf. The M2 and S2 transport ellipses also exhibited clockwise veering but little change in amplitude, suggesting roughly nondivergent flow in the direction of major axis orientation. The M2 energy flux was generally aligned with the transport major axis with little phase lag between high water and maximum transport. These barotropic energy fluxes are compared with the locally generated diurnal internal tide and high-frequency internal solitary-type waves generated by the M2 flow through the Luzon Strait. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Chinese Naval Acad, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Beardsley, RC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rbeardsley@whoi.edu RI Duda, Timothy/A-7282-2010; OI Duda, Timothy/0000-0002-5797-5955; Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 NR 12 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1086 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.833226 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700019 ER PT J AU Chapman, DC Ko, DS Preller, RH AF Chapman, DC Ko, DS Preller, RH TI A high-resolution numerical modeling study of the subtidal circulation in the northern South China Sea SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment; (ASIAEX); numerical modeling; ocean dynamics; South China Sea ID TAIWAN STRAIT; SEASONAL-VARIATION; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB A high-resolution, regional, numerical-model-based, real-time ocean prediction system for the northern South China Sea, called the Northern South China Sea Nowcast/Forecast System (NSCSNFS), has been used to investigate subtidal mesoscale flows during the time period of the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) field programs. The dynamics are dominated by three influences; 1) surface wind stress, 2) intrusions of the Kuroshio through Luzon Strait, and 3) the large-scale cyclonic gyre that occupies much of the northern South China Sea. Each component primarily drives currents in the upper ocean, so deep currents are rather weak. Wind stress is especially effective at forcing currents over the shallow China shelf. The Kuroshio intrusion tends to flow westward until it meets the northern edge of the large-scale cyclonic gyre. Together, these currents produce an intense, narrow jet directed northwest toward the continental slope, often in the region of the ASIAEX field programs. Upon reaching the slope, the current splits with part flowing northeastward along the slope and part flowing southwestward, producing large horizontal and vertical shears and making this region dynamically very complicated and difficult to simulate. The Kuroshio intrusion tends to be stronger (weaker) when the northeasterly winds are strong (weak) and the large-scale gyre is farther south (north), consistent with conclusions from previous model studies. At the northern boundary, the model produces a persistent northward flow through Taiwan Strait into the East China Sea. Data assimilation in the NSCSNFS model is shown to dampen the system, extracting energy and causing the entire system to spin down. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chapman, DC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ko@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1104 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.838334 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700020 ER PT J AU Duda, TF Lynch, JF Irish, JD Beardsley, RC Ramp, SR Chiu, CS Tang, TY Yang, YJ AF Duda, TF Lynch, JF Irish, JD Beardsley, RC Ramp, SR Chiu, CS Tang, TY Yang, YJ TI Internal tide and nonlinear internal wave behavior at the continental slope in the northern South China Sea SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE baroclinic tides; internal waves; nonlinear waves ID SOLITARY WAVES; WEST SHELF; MODEL; OCEAN; TRANSFORMATION; GENERATION; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; BREAKING AB A field program to measure acoustic propagation characteristics and physical oceanography was undertaken in April and May 2001 in the northern South China Sea. Fluctuating ocean properties were measured with 21 moorings in water of 350-to 71-m depth near the continental slope. The sea floor at the site is gradually sloped at depths less than 90 m, but the deeper area is steppy, having gradual slopes over large areas that are near critical for diurnal internal waves and steep steps between those areas that account for much of the depth change. Large-amplitude nonlinear internal gravity waves incident on the site from the east were observed to change amplitude, horizontal length scale, and energy when shoaling. Beginning as relatively narrow solitary waves of depression, these waves continued onto the shelf much broadened in horizontal scale, where they were trailed by numerous waves of elevation (alternatively described as oscillations) that first appeared in the continental slope region. Internal gravity waves of both diurnal and semidiurnal tidal frequencies (internal tides) were also observed to propagate into shallow water from deeper water, with the diurnal waves dominating. The internal tides were at times sufficiently nonlinear to break down into bores and groups of high-frequency nonlinear internal waves. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Chinese Naval Acad, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RP Duda, TF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tduda@whoi.edu; jlynch@whoi.edu RI Duda, Timothy/A-7282-2010; OI Duda, Timothy/0000-0002-5797-5955; Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 NR 29 TC 150 Z9 167 U1 7 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1130 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.836998 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700021 ER PT J AU Gawarkiewicz, G Wang, J Caruso, M Ramp, SR Brink, KH Bahr, F AF Gawarkiewicz, G Wang, J Caruso, M Ramp, SR Brink, KH Bahr, F TI Shelfbreak circulation and thermohaline structure in the northern South China Sea - Contrasting spriner conditions in 2000 and 2001 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic propagation; environmental factors; fluid flow; sea; sea measurements; underwater acoustics; wind ID FRONT; OCEAN AB Two intensive, high-resolution hydrographic surveys during April 2000 and May 2001 are used to characterize the thermohaline and current structure at the shelfbreak in the South China Sea. In 2000, a strong anticyclonic circulation was present in the northern portion of the South China Sea with strong onshore currents east of Dongsha Island. The flow became polarized along isobaths as it encountered shallow water, with northeastward flows of over 0.9 m/s along steep topography. The flow was driven by strong density contrasts between waters of the outer shelf and upper slope. Shelf water was both cooler and more fresh than the water offshore, which had salinities close to that of Kuroshio water. In contrast, the mean flow in the northern South China Sea was predominantly cyclonic in 2001. Flow over the slope was to the southwest at up to 0.2 m/s. The water mass properties of the outer shelf and upper slope were similar, so that there were not the strong cross-shelf density gradients present as in 2000. A potential difference between the water mass structure of the two years was the difference in cooling during the preceding winters. In December, 1999, unusually strong cooling may have resulted in cooler shelf waters relative to the following year. The ASIAEX study area may be a particularly sensitive region to both seasonal and interannual variability, as it is near a bifurcation point associated with the Kuroshio Intrusion into the South China Sea. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gawarkiewicz, G (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Wang, Joe/0000-0002-3298-2956 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1143 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.839123 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700022 ER PT J AU Liu, AK Ramp, SR Zhao, YH Tang, TY AF Liu, AK Ramp, SR Zhao, YH Tang, TY TI A case study of internal solitary wave propagation during ASIAEX 2001 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE internal waves; remote sensing; shallow water ID CHINA SEAS; SULU SEA; EVOLUTION AB During the recent Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX), extensive current meter moorings were deployed around the continental shelf-break area in the northeastern South China Sea. Thirteen RADARSAT SAR images were collected during the field test to integrate with thee in situ measurements from the moorings, ship-board sensors, and conductivity/temperature/depth (CTD) casts. Besides providing a synoptic view of the entire region, satellite imagery is very useful for tracking the internal waves, locating surface fronts, and identifying mesoscale features. During ASIAEX in May 2001, many large internal waves were observed at the test area and were the major oceanic features studied for acoustic volume interaction. Based on the internal wave distribution maps compiled from satellite data, the wave crests can be as long as 200 km with an amplitude of 100 m. Environmental parameters have been calculated based on extensive CTD casts data near the ASIAEX area. Nonlinear internal wave models have been applied to integrate and assimilate both synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and mooring data. Using SAR data in deep water as an initial condition, numerical simulations produced the wave evolution on the continental shelf and compared reasonably well with the mooring measurements at the downstream station. The shoaling, turning, and dissipation of large internal waves at the shelf break have been studied and are very important issues for acoustic propagation. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Caelum Res Corp, Rockville, MD 20805 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Liu, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Antony.A.Liu@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1144 EP 1156 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.841392 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700023 ER PT J AU Ramp, SR Tang, TY Duda, TF Lynch, JF Liu, AK Chiu, CS Bahr, FL Kim, HR Yang, YJ AF Ramp, SR Tang, TY Duda, TF Lynch, JF Liu, AK Chiu, CS Bahr, FL Kim, HR Yang, YJ TI Internal solitons in the northeastern South China Sea - Part I: Sources and deep water propagation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE baroclinic tides; nonlinear internal waves; ocean currents ID INTERFACIAL SOLITARY WAVES; SULU SEA; STRATIFIED FLUIDS; NONLINEAR MODEL; FINITE DEPTH; OCEAN; SLOPE; SHELF; FLOW; TOPEX/POSEIDON AB A moored array of current, temperature, conductivity, and pressure sensors was deployed across the Chinese continental shelf and slope in support of the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment. The goal of the observations was to quantify the water column variability in order to understand the along- and across-shore low-frequency acoustic propagation in shallow water. The moorings were deployed from April 21-May 19,2001 and sampled at 1-5 min intervals to capture the full range of temporal variability without aliasing the internal wave field. The dominant oceanographic signal by far was in fact the highly nonlinear internal waves (or solitons) which were generated near the Batan Islands in the Luzon Strait and propagated 485 km across deep water to the observation region. Dubbed trans-basin waves, to distinguish them from other, smaller nonlinear waves generated locally near the shelf break, these waves had amplitudes ranging from 24 to greater than 140 m and were among the largest such waves ever observed in the world's oceans. The waves arrived at the most offshore mooring in two clusters lasting 7-8 days each separated by five days when no waves were observed. Within each cluster, two types of waves arrived which have been named type-a and type-b. The type-a waves had greater amplitude than the type-b waves and arrived with remarkable regularity at the same time each day, 24 h apart. The type-b waves were weaker than the type-a waves, arrived an hour later each day, and generally consisted of a single soliton growing out of the center of the wave packet. Comparison with modeled barotropic tides from the generation region revealed that: 1) The two clusters were generated around the time of the spring tides in the Luzon strait; and 2) The type-a waves were generated on the strong side of the diurnal inequality while the type-b waves were generated on the weaker beat. The position of the Kuroshio intrusion into the Luzon Strait may modulate the strength of the waves being produced. As the waves shoaled, the huge lead solitons first split into two solitons then merged together into a broad region of thermocline depression at depths less than 120 m. Elevation waves sprang up behind them as they continued to propagate onshore. The elevation waves also grew out of regions where the locally-generated internal tide forced the main thermocline down near the bottom. The "critical point" alpha where the upper and lower layers were equal was a good indicator of when the depression or elevation waves would form. however this was not a static point. but rather varied in both space and time according to the presence or absence of the internal tides and the incoming trans-basin waves themselves. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Duda, Timothy/A-7282-2010; OI Duda, Timothy/0000-0002-5797-5955; Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311 NR 52 TC 197 Z9 219 U1 6 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1181 DI 10.1109/JOE.840839 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700024 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Tang, TY Chang, MH Liu, AK Hsu, MK Ramp, SR AF Yang, YJ Tang, TY Chang, MH Liu, AK Hsu, MK Ramp, SR TI Solitons northeast of Tung-Sha Island during the ASIAEX pilot studies SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE internal wave; nonlinear wave; soliton; South China Sea (SCS) ID INTERNAL SOLITARY WAVES; SLOPE-SHELF TOPOGRAPHY; SHALLOW-WATER; CHINA SEAS; BREAKING; PROPAGATION; TRANSFORMATION; GENERATION; REFRACTION; EVOLUTION AB In a recent study, satellite images have shown that internal solitons are active in the northern South China Sea (SCS). During the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX) pilot studies, current profiler and thermistor chain moorings were deployed in the spring of 1999 and 2000 to investigate internal solitons northeast of Tbng-Sha Island on the continental slope of the northern SCS. Most of the observed internal solitons were first baroclinic mode depression waves. The largest horizontal current velocity, vertical displacement, and temperature variation induced by the internal solitons were around 240 cm/s, 106 m, and 11 degreesC, respectively, while the estimated nonlinear phase speed was primarily westward at 152 4 cm/s. The observed internal solitons could be categorized as four types. The first type is the incoming wave from deep water and can be described reasonably well with the KdV equation. The second and third types are in the transition zone before and close to the turning point (where the upper and lower layer depths are equal), respectively. These two types of solitons were generally near the wave-breaking stage. The fourth type of soliton is a second baroclinic mode and probably was locally generated. The time evolutions are asymmetric, especially at the middle depths. A temperature kink following the main pulse of the soliton is often seen. Higher order nonlinear and shallow topographic effects could be the primary cause for these features. The appearance/disappearance of internal solitons coincides mostly with spring/neap tide. The internal soliton is irregularly seen during the neap tide period and its amplitude is generally small. The time interval between two leading solitons is generally around 12 h. The first baroclinic mode of the semidiurnal tide has a larger amplitude than the diurnal tide and could redistribute its energy into the soliton. C1 Chinese Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Wu Inst Technol, Taipei 112, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yang, YJ (reprint author), Chinese Naval Acad, Dept Marine Sci, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. OI Yang, Yiing-Jang/0000-0002-6637-9311; CHANG, MING-HUEI/0000-0002-6409-7652 NR 41 TC 95 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1199 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.841424 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700025 ER PT J AU Lin, YT Lynch, JF Chotiros, N Chen, CF Newhall, A Turgut, A Schock, SG Chiu, CS Bartek, L Liu, CS AF Lin, YT Lynch, JF Chotiros, N Chen, CF Newhall, A Turgut, A Schock, SG Chiu, CS Bartek, L Liu, CS TI An estimate of the bottom compressional wave speed profile in the northeastern South China Sea using "sources of opportunity" SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE broadband geoacoustic inversions; shallow water acoustics; South China Sea AB The inversion of a broad-band "source of opportunity" signal for bottom geoacoustic parameters in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) is presented, which supplements the towed source and chirp sonar bottom inversions that were performed as part of the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX). This source of opportunity was most likely a "dynamite fishing" signal, which has sufficient low-frequency content (5-500 Hz) to make it complimentary to the somewhat higher frequency J-15-3 towed source (50-260 Hz) signals and the much higher frequency (1-10 kHz) chirp signals. This low frequency content will penetrate deeper into the bottom, thus extending the other inverse results. Localization of the source is discussed, using both a horizontal array for azimuthal steering and the "water wave" part of the pulse arrival for distance estimation. A linear broad-band inverse is performed, and three new variants of the broad-band inverse, based on: 1) the Airy phase; 2) the cutoff frequency; and 3) a range-dependent medium are presented. A multilayer model of the bottom compressional wave speed is obtained, and error estimates for this model are shown, both for the range-independent approximation to the waveguide and for the range-dependent waveguide. Directions for future research are discussed. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33432 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Lin, YT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM ytlin@whoi.edu; jlynch@whoi.edu; anewhall@whoi.edu OI Liu, Char-Shine/0000-0003-0357-714X NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1248 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.834681 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700028 ER PT J AU Chiu, CS Ramp, SR Miller, CW Lynch, JF Duda, TF Tang, TY AF Chiu, CS Ramp, SR Miller, CW Lynch, JF Duda, TF Tang, TY TI Acoustic intensity fluctuations induced by South China Sea internal tides and solitons SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE intensity fluctuations; nonlinear internal waves; shallow-water acoustics; South China Sea (SCS) ID PROPAGATION; WATER AB Between late April and May 23, 2001, a suite of acoustic and oceanographic sensors was deployed by a team of U.S., Taiwan, and Singapore scientists in the northeastern South China Sea to study the effects of ocean variability on low-frequency sound propagation in a shelfbreak environment. The primary acoustic receiver was an L-shaped hydrophone array moored on the continental shelf that monitored a variety of signals transmitted along and across the shelfbreak by moored sources. This paper discusses and contrasts the fluctuations in the 400-Hz signals transmitted across the shelfbreak and measured by the vertical segment of the listening array on two different days, one with the passage of several huge solitons that depressed the shallow isotherms to near the sea bottom and one with a much less energetic internal wavefield. In addition to exhibiting large and rapid temporal changes, the acoustic data show a much more vertically diffused sound intensity field as the huge solitons occupied and passed through the transmission path. Using a space-time continuous empirical sound-speed model based on the moored temperature records, the observed acoustic intensity fluctuations are explained using coupled-mode physics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Chiu, CS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chiu@nps.navy.mil RI Duda, Timothy/A-7282-2010 OI Duda, Timothy/0000-0002-5797-5955 NR 15 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1263 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.834173 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700029 ER PT J AU Duda, TF Lynch, JF Newhall, AE Wu, LX Chiu, CS AF Duda, TF Lynch, JF Newhall, AE Wu, LX Chiu, CS TI Fluctuation of 400-Hz sound intensity in the 2001 ASIAEX South China Sea experiment SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic intensity fluctuation; underwater acoustic propagation ID SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; SHELFBREAK FRONT; WAVE-PACKETS; STATISTICS AB We present analyses of fluctuations seen in acoustic signals transmitted by two 400-Hz sources moored as part of the ASIAEX 2001 South China Sea (SCS) experiment. One source was near the bottom in 350-m deep water 31.3 km offshore from the receiving array, and the other was near the bottom in 135-m deep water 20.6 km alongshore from the array. Time series of signal intensity measured at individual phones of a 16-element vertical line array are analyzed, as well as time series of intensity averaged over the array. Signals were recorded from 2 May to 17 May 2001. Fluctuations were observed at periods ranging from subtidal (days) to the shortest periods resolved with our signaling (10 s). Short-period fluctuations of depth- and time-averaged intensity have scintillation indexes (computed within 3-h long windows) which peak at values near 0.5 during an interval of numerous high-amplitude internal gravity waves, and which are lower during intervals with fewer internal waves. The decorrelation times of the averaged intensity (energy level) are also closely related to internal wave properties. Scintillation indexes computed for unaveraged pulses arriving at individual phones often exceed unity. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Acoust Labs, Beijing, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Duda, TF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tduda@whoi.edu; jlynch@whoi.edu RI Duda, Timothy/A-7282-2010 OI Duda, Timothy/0000-0002-5797-5955 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1264 EP 1279 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.836997 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700030 ER PT J AU Mignerey, PC Orr, MH AF Mignerey, PC Orr, MH TI Observations of matched-field autocorrelation time in the South China Sea SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic fields; acoustic waveguides; internal tide; nonlinear internal waves; shallow water; shelf; shelf break; sonar signal analysis; time-varying channels; underwater acoustic propagation; underwater acoustics ID SHALLOW-WATER; INTERNAL WAVES; PROPAGATION AB Matched-field processors can suffer degradation in dynamic environments due to mismatch between data and replica vectors. One measure of such degradation is the autocorrelation time scale of the data vectors. Matched-field autocorrelation times for 300- and 500-Hz narrow-band signals have been extracted from data acquired during the 2001 Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX). The acoustic signals were received on a vertical hydrophone array located near the South China Sea (SCS) shelf break at a range of 18.9 km from the acoustic sources. The water depth along the propagation path ranged from 100 to 125 m. For acoustic signal propagation through a diurnal internal tide that takes the form of a uniform depression of the thermocline, the matched-field correlation time at 300 Hz is approximately tau(1/2) = 15 min or, nondimensionally, n(1/2) = 200 000 cycles. For acoustic signal propagation through packets of nonlinear internal waves, the correlation time for the 300-Hz signal is approximately tau(1/2) = 2 min or n(1/2) = 30 000 cycles. A nonlinear internal wave packet entering the acoustic propagation path at 11:40 UTC on May 7 was observed to be unambiguously associated with a drop in the signal correlation time. A two-dimensional advective, frozen-ocean acoustic propagation model produces matched-field correlation times that are qualitatively similar to these observations. It is concluded that, in this environment, nonlinear internal wave packets propagating in the acoustic path shorten the lifetime of replica vectors and cause matched-field processor degradation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mignerey, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mignerey@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1280 EP 1291 DI 10.1109/JOE.835787 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700031 ER PT J AU Orr, MH Pasewark, BH Wolf, SN Lynch, JF Schroeder, T Chin, CS AF Orr, MH Pasewark, BH Wolf, SN Lynch, JF Schroeder, T Chin, CS TI South China Sea internal tide/internal waves impact on the temporal variability of horizontal array gain at 276 Hz SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE array signal gain; coherence; internal waves; narrow-band conventional beamforming; shallow-water arrays AB The temporal variability of the spatial coherence of an acoustic signal received on a bottomed horizontal array has been calculated for 276-Hz narrow-band signals. A conventional plane wave beamformer was applied to the received signals. The temporal variability of the array's omnipower, beam power, and array gain are related to variability in the sound-speed field. The spectral characteristics of array omnipower are nonstationary and changed as the spectral characteristics of the temperature field varied. The array omnipower and beam-power variability tracked each other in time and varied by as much as 15 dB over time intervals as short as 7 min. Array gain varied up to 5 dB and usually tracked the omnipower variability. A contiguous 24-h section of data is discussed in detail. This data section is from a time period during which the high-frequency fluid dynamic perturbation of the sound-speed field was of smaller amplitude than other sections of the 16-d data set. Consequently this section of data sets an upper bound for the realizable array gain. The temporal variability of array gain and spatial coherence at times appears to be correlated with environmental perturbation of the sound-speed field, but are also correlated with changes in the signal-to-noise ratio. The data was acquired during the Office of Naval Research's South China Sea Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment. The 465-m 32-channel horizontal array was placed on the bottom in 120 m of water at the South China Sea shelf break. The acoustic source was moored in 114 m of water similar to19 km from the receiving array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Orr, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM orr@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1307 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.836794 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 893PW UT WOS:000226732700032 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Mid-IR optical limiter based on type-II quantum wells SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optics; optical limiters; semiconductor optics ID ABSORPTION; BAND; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We show that strong optically induced intervalence band transitions in type-II InAs/GaSb/AlSb quantum wells lead to reverse saturable absorption, and propose to apply it to optical limiting in the mid-infrared spectral region. A salient feature of the proposed limiter is the flexibility of the design for different wavelengths and threshold powers. We develop a rigorous theoretical model of the proposed limiter, and use it to estimate the relationship between the key figures of merit: insertion loss, threshold, optical bandwidth and dynamic range. We investigate tradeoffs involving the dynamic range, optical bandwidth and thickness of the limiter, and show that one can attain a favorable combination of these. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1490 EP 1499 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.834776 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 856RS UT WOS:000224063100016 ER PT J AU Urick, VJ Qiu, JX Bucholtz, F AF Urick, VJ Qiu, JX Bucholtz, F TI Wide-band QAM-over-fiber using phase modulation and interferometric demodulation SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE phase modulation; quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) ID DIGITAL-MICROWAVE; TRANSMISSION; LINK AB Transmission of microwave quadrature amplitude modulation over an all-Raman 105-km fiber-optic link is demonstrated. The link employs optical phase modulation and single-port interferometric demodulation to deliver up to 6 Gb/s in a single channel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurick@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2374 EP 2376 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.834551 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 857HA UT WOS:000224105800058 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA AF Wettergren, TA TI Element directivity compensation for beamforming a curved array SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE beamforming; conformal arrays ID UNEQUALLY SPACED ARRAYS; PATTERN SYNTHESIS; ARBITRARY ARRAYS; ALGORITHM; DESIGN AB Conventional delay-and-sum beamforming employs element shading weights that are derived from linear aperture approximations. For many conformal arrays, the aperture of interest is not well approximated by the linear assumption. In this letter, an analytical method for approximating desired linear array beampattern characteristics on a conformal array is presented. The advantage of the method is that array designers can apply rules of thumb learned from linear arrays to conformal arrays without significant degradation in performance. Many of the limitations of using conventional beamforming on conformal array surfaces can be removed by applying the method. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 11 IS 10 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1109/LSP.2004.835474 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 856GK UT WOS:000224033500018 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA Streit, RL Short, JR AF Wettergren, TA Streit, RL Short, JR TI Tracking with distributed sets of proximity sensors using geometric invariants SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID DECISION FUSION; MULTIPLE SENSORS AB We propose a new approach to forming an estimate of a target track in a distributed sensor system using very limited sensor information. This approach uses a central fusion system that collects only the peak energy information from each sensor and assumes that the energy attenuates as a power law in range from the source. A geometrical invariance property of the proximity of the distributed sensors relative to a target track is used to generate potential target track paths. Numerical simulation examples are presented to illustrate the practicality of the technique. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1366 EP 1374 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1386888 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 891HO UT WOS:000226572100021 ER PT J AU des Rosiers, AP Siegel, PH AF des Rosiers, AP Siegel, PH TI On performance bounds for space-time codes on fading channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications CY OCT, 2003 CL Yokohama, JAPAN DE block fading; distance spectrum; diversity; frame-error rate (FER); outage probability; performance bounds; quasi-static fading; space-time (ST) codes; union bound ID TRELLIS CODES; WIRELESS COMMUNICATION; CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES; TRANSMIT ANTENNAS; DIVERSITY; MODULATION; DESIGN; PROBABILITY; SCHEMES; ERROR AB We evaluate truncated union bounds on the frame-error rate (FER) performance of space-time (ST) codes operating over the quasi-static fading channel and compare them with computer simulation results. We consider both ST trellis and block codes. We make the following contributions. For the case of ST trellis codes, we develop a general method, which we denote as measure spectrum analysis, that characterizes ST codeword differences and accommodates the combined influences of the ST code and channel scenario. We propose a numerical bounding method that converges in the measure spectrum to within a very small fraction of a decibel to the simulated FER over the full range of signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of dominant quasi-static fading error events and detail a method for predicting them. Using only this set of dominant measure spectrum elements, very rapid and tight numerical estimation of FER performance is attained. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Adapt Proc Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP des Rosiers, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Adapt Proc Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM desrosiers@nrl.navy.mil; psiegel@ucsd.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1688 EP 1697 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2004.836429 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 868FR UT WOS:000224900000014 ER PT J AU Arghavani, R Yuan, Z Ingle, N Jung, KB Seamons, M Venkataraman, S Banthia, V Lija, K Leon, P Karunasiri, G Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A AF Arghavani, R Yuan, Z Ingle, N Jung, KB Seamons, M Venkataraman, S Banthia, V Lija, K Leon, P Karunasiri, G Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A TI Stress management in sub-90-nm transistor architecture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE dielectric films; semiconductor device fabrication; semiconductor films ID SIMULATION; SILICON AB This brief focuses on the physical characteristics of three dielectric films which can induce a significant degree of tensile or compressive stress in the channel of a sub-90-nm node MOS structure. Manufacturable and highly reliable oxide films have demonstrated, based on simulation, the ability to induce greater than 1.5-GPa tensile stress in the Si channel, when used as shallow trench isolation (STI) fill. Low-temperature blanket nitride films with a stress range of 2 GPa compressive to greater than 1.4 GPa tensile were also developed to enhance performance in both PMOS and NMOS devices. Combined with a tensile first interlayer dielectric film, the stress management and optimization of the above films can yield significant performance improvement without additional cost, or integration complexities. C1 Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Mixed Technol Assoc, Newark, CA 94560 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Arghavani, R (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM Reza_Arghavani@amat.com NR 13 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1740 EP 1743 DI 10.1109/TED.2004.835993 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 857GP UT WOS:000224104700029 ER PT J AU Etcheto, J Dinnat, EP Boutin, J Camps, A Miller, J Contardo, S Wesson, J Font, J Long, DG AF Etcheto, J Dinnat, EP Boutin, J Camps, A Miller, J Contardo, S Wesson, J Font, J Long, DG TI Wind speed effect on L-band brightness temperature inferred from EuroSTARRS and WISE 2001 field experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi DE foam L-band; radiometry; sea state spectrum; sea surface salinity; wave; wind ID MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; SEA; SALINITY; EMISSIVITY; MODEL; PARAMETERS; WISE-2000 AB The results from two field experiments in the Mediterranean Sea are used to study the wind speed dependence of brightness temperature at L-band. During the EuroSTARRS airborne experiment, an L-band radiometer made measurements across a large wind speed gradient, enabling us to study this dependence at high wind speed. We compare our results with a two-scale emissivity model using several representations of the sea state spectrum. While the results are encouraging, unfortunately the accuracy of the measurements does not permit us to distinguish between the so-called twice Durden and Vesecky spectrum and the Elfouhaily spectrum above 7 m (.) s(-1). The effect of foam is certainly small. During the WISE 2001 field experiment carried on an oil rig, we studied this dependence at low wind speed, finding an abrupt decrease of the wind speed effect on the brightness temperature below 3 m (.) s(-1). C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, F-75252 Paris 5, France. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Teor Senyal & Comun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. CSIC, CMIMA, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Etcheto, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, 12 Rue Cuvier, F-75252 Paris 5, France. EM je@lodye.jussieu.fr; font@icm.csic.es RI Dinnat, Emmanuel/D-7064-2012; Long, David/K-4908-2015; Contardo, Stephanie/E-5329-2012; Font, Jordi/E-5355-2013; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016; Camps, Adriano/D-2592-2011 OI Dinnat, Emmanuel/0000-0001-9003-1182; Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972; Contardo, Stephanie/0000-0003-2994-8789; Font, Jordi/0000-0003-2590-1457; Camps, Adriano/0000-0002-9514-4992 NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2206 EP 2213 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834644 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 863ZP UT WOS:000224602600020 ER PT J AU Stack, JR Harley, RG Habetler, TG AF Stack, JR Harley, RG Habetler, TG TI An amplitude modulation detector for fault diagnosis in rolling element bearings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amplitude modulation (AM); bearings (mechanical); bispectrum; condition monitoring; fault diagnosis; vibration ID MOTORS AB The purpose of this research is to identify single-point defects in rolling element bearings. These defects produce characteristic fault frequencies that appear in the machine vibration and tend to modulate the machine's frequencies of mechanical resonance. An amplitude modulation (AM) detector is developed to identify these interactions and detect the bearing fault while it is still in an incipient stage of development (i.e., to detect the instances of AM when the magnitude of the characteristic fault frequency itself is not significant). Use of this detector only requires machine vibration from one sensor and knowledge of the bearing characteristic fault frequencies. Computer simulations as well as machine vibration data from bearings containing outer race faults are used to confirm the proficiency of this proposed technique. C1 USN, Warfare Serv, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Warfare Serv, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. EM jason.stack@navy.mil; ron.harley@ece.gatech.edu; thabetler@ee.gatech.edu NR 17 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1102 DI 10.1109/TIE.2004.834971 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 858FV UT WOS:000224178600021 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI AF Wulf, EA Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI TI Thick silicon strip detector Compton imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE calorimetry; Compton camera; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; silicon radiation detectors ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; ASTRONOMY; MISSION AB We present results obtained with double-sided, thick (2 mm) silicon strip detectors used as a Compton imager. Reconstructed images and spectra from Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma-ray sources have been produced at room temperature using the multiple Compton technique. Multiple Compton interactions allow the energy and Compton scattering angle to be reconstructed without having to absorb the energy of the incident gamma ray completely. This extends our work on multiple Compton imagers using germanium strip detectors to silicon detectors that operate at higher temperatures. The energy resolution of the detectors for 60 keV gamma rays is 3-4 keV at room temperature and 2.1 keV at -20degreesC. Simulations of the imager have been performed in GEANT4, including Doppler broadening and accidental coincidences, and show agreement with the measured data. Reconstructing the energy spectrum for 662 keV gamma rays that did not deposit their full energy in the instrument shows a peak at 662 keV with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 27.6 keV. The reconstructed image of the source shows an angular resolution of 3.3degrees FWHM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wulf@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil; johnson@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; kurfess@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; novikova@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1997 EP 2003 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835904 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900012 ER PT J AU Ampe, J Chekhtman, A Dizon, P Grove, JE Johnson, WN Leas, BE Sandora, DP Strickman, MS AF Ampe, J Chekhtman, A Dizon, P Grove, JE Johnson, WN Leas, BE Sandora, DP Strickman, MS TI The calibration and environmental testing of the engineering module of GLAST CsI calorimeter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE calibration; calorimetry; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; scintillation detectors ID BEAM TEST AB GLAST is the next generation space-based gamma ray telescope for the energy range 30 MeV-300 GeV, to be launched by NASA in 2007. For photon energy measurements it will use a CsI crystal calorimeter made of 16 identical modules. The engineering module (EM) calorimeter is the first full scale prototype built with the same technology as flight modules to verify the design and technological choices before starting calorimeter production. The module contains 96 CsI crystals, supported by a carbon fiber composite structure and read out with silicon PIN photodiodes from both ends. In this paper, we report the results of EM calibirtion using cosmic ray muons and charge injection during environmental tests. The EM showed stable functioning in the required temperature range from -30 C to +50 C during six months of continuous testing, including seven thermal vacuum cycles between -30 C and +50 C and vibration testing with amplitudes significantly higher than expected during launch. None of 96 crystals experienced mechanical or optical degradation after the tests. The longitudinal position measurement is accomplished using light asymmetry from two ends of each crystal, providing similar to 6-12 mm position resolution (24% of crystal length) for cosmic ray unions. The production of flight modules will start in late 2003. C1 Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Swales Aerosp Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Interface Control Syst Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Ampe, J (reprint author), Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. EM ampe@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; chehtman@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; dizon@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; grove@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; johnson@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; leas@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; sandora@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; strickman@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2008 EP 2011 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835704 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900014 ER PT J AU Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI AF Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI TI Development of a silicon gamma ray spectrometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE gamma-ray astronomy detectors; gamma-ray detectors; silicon radiation detectors ID TELESCOPE AB We present the initial results obtained with double-sided silicon strip detectors used as a nonimaging gamma ray spectrometer. Silicon detectors have previously been proposed as sensors for the scatterer of a regular Compton telescope, or as sensors for a multiple scatter Compton imager where three or more interactions in the silicon are used to image and determine the energy of a gamma ray, even if all the energy is not absorbed. This work extends that concept to the case where the source location is known, as in solar physics, and where the main interest is a high-resolution spectrum. With the source location known, only two interactions are required to reconstruct a spectrum of the source. We made a proof of concept demonstration using two small silicon detectors. The detectors were 63 x 63 mm in area and 2 mm thick, with 0.9-mm orthogonal strips on both faces. A full-energy peak with an energy resolution of similar to 40 keV was obtained at 662 keV. This was in good agreement with our simulations. Using detectors with a finer strips pitch an energy resolution of 15 keV (68% containment) can be achieved at 662 keV. This is limited by the momentum distribution of the electrons in silicon. The energy resolution can be improved by kinematically selecting events, although at the cost of detector efficiency. Another unique feature of this approach is the fact that a spectrum is reconstructed with a full energy peak but without any Compton continuum. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Phlips, BF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phlips@nrl.navy.mil; Wulf@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; johnson@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; kurfess@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; novikova@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2438 EP 2442 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.835560 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900088 ER PT J AU Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Houdayer, A Carlone, C Lonascut-Nedelcescu, A Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Warner, JH Jun, I AF Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Houdayer, A Carlone, C Lonascut-Nedelcescu, A Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Summers, GP Warner, JH Jun, I TI Proton energy dependence of the light output in gallium nitride light-emitting diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE blue LEDs; energy dependence; gallium nitride; light emission degradation; non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL); optoelectronics; proton; quantum-well light-emitting diodes; radiation damage ID RADIATION-DAMAGE AB Gallium nitride (GaN)-based blue-emitting diodes (CREE Model C430-DH85) were irradiated at room temperature with protons in the energy range 2 to 115 MeV at fluences varying from 1 x 10(11) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2). Light output degradation curves were obtained for each energy and the damage constant (A) associated with these curves was determined according to the theory of Rose and Barnes. For proton energies less than 10 MeV, A varies inversely with the proton energy (E). At higher energies, A is consistently above the 1 / E relationship. The change in nature of the energy dependence is attributed to nuclear interactions. Nonionizing energy loss calculations for the case of protons on GaN are presented. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. C1 Def Res Estab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Khanna, SM (reprint author), Def Res Estab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. EM shyam.khanna@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; houdayera@lps.umontreal.ca; carlone@physique.usherb.ca; messenger@nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@umbc.edu; warnerj@estd.nrl.navy.mil; Insoo.Jun@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2729 EP 2735 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835097 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400003 ER PT J AU Marshall, PW Wiley, PT Prusia, RN Rash, GD Kim, H LaBel, KA AF Marshall, PW Wiley, PT Prusia, RN Rash, GD Kim, H LaBel, KA TI Proton-induced bit error studies in a 10 Gb/s fiber optic link SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE optical receivers; proton radiation effects AB We describe a stand-alone experiment with autonomous error checking and logging used to acquire proton-induced bit error response of a 10 Gb/s multimode fiber optic data link operating over a 100-m fiber length. Comparisons with previously tested lower data rate data links indicate the primary source of bit errors arise in the link receiver's photodiode. The serial 10 Gb/s results show relatively lower bit error rate (BER) sensitivity to 63 MeV protons. Proton BER results of supporting high-speed bipolar multiplexer and demultiplexer circuitry are also presented. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. China Lake Naval Air Stn, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Jackson & Tull Chartered Engineers, Washington, DC 20018 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Marshall, PW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. EM pwmarshall@aol.com; wileypt@navair.navy.mil; ronald.prusia@navy.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2736 EP 2739 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836527 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400004 ER PT J AU Buchner, S McMorrow, D Poivey, C Howard, J Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Pease, R Savage, M AF Buchner, S McMorrow, D Poivey, C Howard, J Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Pease, R Savage, M TI Comparison of single-event transients induced in an operational amplifier (LM124) by pulsed laser light and a broad beam of heavy ions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE heavy ions; linear devices; pulse shapes; pulsed laser; single-event transients (SETs) ID CIRCUITS AB A comparison of single-event transients (SETs) from heavy-ion and pulsed-laser irradiation of the LM124 operational amplifier shows good agreement for different voltage configurations. The agreement is illustrated by comparing both individual transient shapes and plots of transient amplitude versus width. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. Jackson & Tull, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; cpoivey@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; jihoward@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; Younes.Boulghassoul@Vanderbilt.edu; lloyd.Massengill@Vanderbilt.edu; rpease@mrcmicroe.com; savage_m@atd.crane.navy.mil NR 6 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2776 EP 2781 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835111 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400010 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Carts, MA McMorrow, D Kim, H Marshall, PW LaBel, KA AF Buchner, S Carts, MA McMorrow, D Kim, H Marshall, PW LaBel, KA TI Characteristics of single-event upsets in a fabric switch (AD8151) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE bit errors; fabric switch; heavy ions; pulsed laser; single-event functional interrupt AB Two types of single-event effects-bit errors and single-event functional interrupts-were observed during heavy-ion testing of the AD8151 crosspoint switch. Bit errors occurred in bursts with the average number of bits in a burst being dependent on both the ion linear energy transfer (LET) and on the data rate. A pulsed laser was used to identify the locations on the chip where the bit errors and single-event functional interrupts occurred. Bit errors originated in the switches, drivers, and output buffers. Single-event functional interrupts originated in the second-rank latch containing the data specifying the state of each switch in the 33 x 17 matrix. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. Raytheon Syst Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jackson & Tull Chartered Engn, Washington, DC 20018 USA. NASA GSFC, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcarts@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; hkim@pop700.gsfc.nasa.gov; pwmarshall@aol.com; Kenneth.A.LaBel@nasa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2840 EP 2845 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835085 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400020 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Walters, RJ AF Messenger, SR Burke, EA Xapsos, MA Summers, GP Walters, RJ TI The simulation of damage tracks in silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE displacement damage; nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); nuclear stopping power; Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) screened potential ID RANGE DISTRIBUTIONS; ENERGY; IONS; NIEL; PARTICLES AB We describe an analytical model for deriving heavy ion damage tracks using nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) and range-energy relations. NIEL is directly calculated for heavy ions based upon screened Coulomb potentials in the nonrelativistic limit and the projected range algorithm (PRAL) is used to obtain the range relationship. Examples of damage track calculations are given for incident ions on silicon. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM messenger@nrl.navy.mil; edaburke@rcn.com; Michael.A.Xapsos@nasa.gov; gsummers@umbc.edu; rwalters@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2846 EP 2850 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835094 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400021 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Boos, JB Park, D Melinger, JS AF McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Boos, JB Park, D Melinger, JS TI Ionization-induced carrier transport in InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE device simulation; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); InP; InGaAs; single-event effects (SEEs); single event upsets (SEUs) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HEMTS; GHZ; EFFICIENCY; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION AB Time resolved charge-collection measurements and two-dimensional device simulations performed on InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for ion and pulsed laser excitation address the mechanisms of charge collection and enhancement in these heterostructure devices. The results are compared to those for bulk GaAs field-effect transistors. In the HEMTs, the ionization-induced enhancement current is associated with a significant lowering of the source/channel barrier, and is largely confined to the InGaAs well. The simulations suggest that the primary contributor to the barrier lowering is an excess hole density that develops in the InAlAs buffer layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2857 EP 2864 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835060 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400023 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Houdayer, A AF Warner, JH Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Khanna, SM Estan, D Erhardt, LS Houdayer, A TI High-energy proton irradiation effects in GaAs devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE bulk LEDs; defects; DLTS; energy dependence; GaAs; photovoltaic; proton irradiation; radiation effects; solar cells ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; SOLAR-CELLS; DEPENDENCE; SPACE; SPECTROSCOPY; LIFETIME AB In this paper, we compare the energy dependences (53 and 115 MeV) of proton displacement damage coefficients for p(+)n GaAs solar cells with previously reported calculations of nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was used to generate damage coefficients from the introduction rates of defects. New damage coefficients generated from GaAs bulk LEDs light output (1-530 MeV) are also reported. The damage coefficients from these devices for proton energies E > 10 MeV vary but are bounded by the total and Coulombic NIEL. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. SFA Inc, USN, Res Lab, Woodlands Off Ctr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Def Res & Dev Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM warnerj@estd.nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; messenger@nrl.navy.mil; gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; khanna@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; Diego.Estan@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; houdayera@lps.umontreal.ca NR 19 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2887 EP 2895 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835071 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400027 ER PT J AU Engel, TG Nunnally, WC Neri, JM AF Engel, TG Nunnally, WC Neri, JM TI Development of a medium-bore high-efficiency helical coil electromagnetic launcher. SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE coilguns; electromagnetic launching; pulse power systems AB The design, development, and testing of a medium-bore helical coil electromagnetic launcher (HCEL) that can accelerate a 500-gram mass to 100 m/s with an efficiency of 13.2% is presented and discussed. The HCEL has a bore size of 40 mm and a length of 750 mm. The measured HCEL inductance gradient of 150 mH/m is more than a 100 times larger than a conventional railgun. The HCEL is powered by a sequentially fired pulse forming network consisting of four 15-kJ electrolytic capacitor banks. Typical PFN V-I characteristics are approximately 15-kA peak current at 550 V for 8-ms pulse length. A computer model of the HCEL launcher is constructed in PSPICE and accurately predicts launcher performance within 25%. Theoretical and numerical predictions of launcher performance are compared with experimental measurements, including projectile velocity, launcher voltage, launcher current, and inductance gradient. C1 Univ Missouri, Phys Elect Grp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Engel, TG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Phys Elect Grp, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM engelt@missouri.edu; nunnallyw@missouri.edu; neri@hobbes.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1893 EP 1895 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835487 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200019 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ Harper-Slaboszewicz, V AF Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ Harper-Slaboszewicz, V TI Plasma-filled diode for high dose-rate bremsstrahlung SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE bremsstrahlung; dose rate; plasma-filled diode (PFD); pulsed power ID OPENING SWITCH AB A plasma-filled diode (PFD) technique is described for producing high dose-rate bremsstrahlung over small areas. A PFD was developed for this purpose using the Gamble II generator. For maximum dose-rate conditions, the short-circuit phase duration was 40 ns, after which the voltage increased to 1.8 MV and the total current in the diode was 0.5 MA. The X-ray pulsewidth was 8 ns, much less than the typical 50 ns pulsewidth with a vacuum diode. This PFD was adapted to the higher-current Saturn generator at 6-8 MA by making a 10-cm diameter circular array of 6, 9, or 12 isolated PFDs. Higher dose rates were obtained using fewer PFDs; about 1 x 10(12) rad/s with the 12-PFD array, 2 x 10(12) with nine PFDs and 4 x 10(12) with 6 PFDs. Analyses based on electrical and radiation diagnostics indicate that 40%-77% of the electrical current produces radiation at the time of maximum dose rate. The X-ray pulsewidth was typically 13-16 ns, less than the pulsewidth for standard (vacuum) bremsstrahlung diodes on Saturn. This system, with improvements in reproducibility, could provide a high dose-rate, small-area bremsstrahlung capability for high current generators. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Corp, Reston, VA 20910 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weber@suzie.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1998 EP 2003 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835945 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200033 ER PT J AU Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G Schumer, JW Mosher, D Young, FC Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ AF Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G Schumer, JW Mosher, D Young, FC Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ TI Evaluation of self-magnetically pinched diodes up to 10 MV as high-resolution flash X-ray sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE bremsstrahlung; coupled electron-photon transport; electron beams; flash X-radiography; high-power diodes; ion beams; Monte Carlo; particle-in-cell ID PARTICLE-IN-CELL; RELATIVISTIC DIODES; RADIOGRAPHY SOURCE; ELECTRON-BEAMS; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB The merits of several high-resolution, pulsed-power-driven, flash X-ray sources are examined with numerical simulation for voltages up to 10 MV The charged particle dynamics in these self-magnetically pinched diodes (SMPDs), as well as electron scattering and energy loss in the high-atomic-number target, are treated with the partic by coupling the output from LSP with the two-dimensional component of the integrated tiger series of Monte Carlo electron/photon transport codes, CYLTRAN. The LSP/CYLTRAN model agrees well with angular dose-rate measurements from positive-polarity rod-pinch-diode experiments, where peak voltages ranged from 5.2-6.3 MV This analysis indicates that, in this voltage range, the dose increases with angle and is a maximum in the direction headed back into the generator. This suggests that high-voltage rod-pinch experiments should be performed in negative polarity to maximize the extracted dose. The benchmarked LSP/CYLTRAN model is then used to examine three attractive negative-polarity diode geometry concepts as possible high-resolution radiography sources for voltages up to 10 MV For a 2-mm-diameter reentrant rod-pinch diode (RPD), a forward-directed dose of 740 rad(LiF) at 1 m in a 50-ns full-width at half-maximum radiation pulse is predicted. For a 2-mm-diameter nonreentrant RPD, a forward-directed dose of 1270 rad(LiF) is predicted. For both RPDs, the on-axis X-ray spot size is comparable to the rod diameter. A self-similar hydrodynamic model for rod expansion indicates that spot-size growth from hydrodynamic effects should be minimal. For the planar SMPD, a forward-directed dose of 1370 rad(LiF) and a similar X-ray spot size are predicted. These results show that the nonreentrant RPD and the planar SMPD are very attractive candidates for negative-polarity high-resolution X-ray sources for voltages of up to 10 MV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Jaycor Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM swane@calvin.nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2004 EP 2016 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835956 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200034 ER PT J AU Shyu, ML Chen, SC Rubin, SH AF Shyu, ML Chen, SC Rubin, SH TI Stochastic clustering for organizing distributed information sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IFAC Safeprocess Symposium/International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis CY JUN 09-11, 2003 CL Washington, CA SP IFAC DE distributed information sources; Markov model mediator (MMM); stochastic clustering ID INDUCTIVE INFERENCE; FORMAL THEORY; DATABASES; ALGORITHM AB The number of information sources and the volumes of data in these information sources have greatly increased, which may be attributed to the ever-increasing complexity of real-world applications. The enormous amount of information available in the information sources in a distributed information-providing environment has created a need to provide users with tools to effectively and efficiently navigate and retrieve information. Queries in such an environment often access information from multiple information sources. This may be attributed to navigational characteristics. Clusters provide a structure for organizing the large number of information sources for efficient browsing, searching, and retrieval. This paper presents a stochastically-based clustering mechanism, called the Markov model mediator (MMM), to group the information sources into a set of useful clusters. Each information source cluster groups those information sources that show similarities in their data access behavior. Information sources within the same cluster are expected to be able to provide most of the required information among themselves for user queries that are closely related with respect to a particular application. This can significantly improve system response time, query performance, and result in an overall improvement in decision support. Empirical studies on real databases are performed and the results demonstrate that our proposed mechanism leads to a better set of clusters in comparison with other clustering methods. This serves to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed MMM mechanism. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Florida Int Univ, Distributed Mulitmedia Informat Syst Lab, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Univ Miami, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM shyu@miami.edu; chens@cs.fiu.edu; stuart.rubin@navy.mil NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2035 EP 2047 DI 10.1109/TSMBC.2004.833599 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 854XO UT WOS:000223937400009 PM 15503499 ER PT J AU Pomerantsev, AP Pomerantseva, OM Leppla, SH AF Pomerantsev, AP Pomerantseva, OM Leppla, SH TI A spontaneous translational fusion of Bacillus cereus PlcR and PapR activates transcription of PlcR-dependent genes in Bacillus anthracis via binding with a specific palindromic sequence SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GENOME SEQUENCE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; THURINGIENSIS; VIRULENCE; BACTERIA; PHOSPHATASES; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; CIRCUIT; REGULON AB Transformation of Bacillus anthracis with plasmid pUTE29-plcR-papR carrying the native Bacillus cereus plcR-papR gene cluster did not activate expression of B. anthracis hemolysin genes, even though these are expected to be responsive to activation by the global regulator PlcR. To further characterize the action of PlcR, we examined approximately 3,000 B. anthracis transformants containing pUTE29-plcR-papR and found a single hemolytic colony. The hemolytic strain contained a plasmid having a spontaneous plcR-papR intergenic region deletion. Transformation of the resulting plasmid pFP12, encoding a fused PlcR-PapR protein, into the nonhemolytic B. anthracis parental strain produced strong activation of B. anthracis hemolysins, including phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase. The fused PlcR-PapR protein present in a lysate of B. anthracis containing pFP12 bound strongly and specifically to the double-stranded palindrome 5'-TATGCATTATTTCATA-3' that matches the consensus PlcR-binding site. In contrast, native PlcR protein in a lysate from a B. anthracis strain expressing large amounts of this protein did not demonstrate binding with the palindrome. The results suggest that the activation of PlcR by binding of a PapR pentapeptide as normally occurs in Bacillus thuringiensis and B. cereus can be mimicked by tethering the peptide to PlcR in a translational fusion, thereby obviating the need for PapR secretion, extracellular processing, retrieval into the bacterium, and binding with PlcR. C1 NIAID, Microbial Pathogenesis Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Rockville, MD USA. RP Leppla, SH (reprint author), NIAID, Microbial Pathogenesis Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sleppla@niaid.nih.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 72 IS 10 BP 5814 EP 5823 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.10.5814-5823.2004 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 857QS UT WOS:000224134000033 PM 15385482 ER PT J AU Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Thielen, P Aggarwal, ID Ivanov, B Miller, JK Haglund, R Tolk, NH Congiu-Castellano, A Rizzo, MA Piston, DW Somma, F Baldacchini, G Bonfigli, F Marolo, T Flora, F Montereali, RM Faenov, A Pikuz, T Longo, G Mussi, V Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Cricenti, A AF Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Thielen, P Aggarwal, ID Ivanov, B Miller, JK Haglund, R Tolk, NH Congiu-Castellano, A Rizzo, MA Piston, DW Somma, F Baldacchini, G Bonfigli, F Marolo, T Flora, F Montereali, RM Faenov, A Pikuz, T Longo, G Mussi, V Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Cricenti, A TI Infrared near-field microscopy with the Vanderbilt free electron laser: overview and perspectives SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Bases Sources CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Lake Tahoe, CA ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; CRYSTALS AB Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) makes it routinely possible to overcome the fundamental diffraction limit of standard (far-field) microscopy. Recently, aperture-based infrared SNOM performed in the spectroscopic mode, using the Vanderbilt University free electron laser, started delivering spatially-resolved information on the distribution of chemical species and on other laterally-fluctuating properties. The practical examples presented here show the great potential of this new technique both in materials science and in life sciences. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Fac Sci Base, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Rome Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. ENEA, UTSTecnol Fis Avanzate, CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Stuttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Vobornik, D (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Fac Sci Base, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM dusan.vobornik@epfl.ch RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Longo, Giovanni/K-8923-2016; OI Longo, Giovanni/0000-0003-2434-2155; Ivanov, Borislav/0000-0003-1837-6113; Mussi, Valentina/0000-0003-1465-1739 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.007 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500013 ER PT J AU Dolan, CK Hall, MA Blazes, DL Norwood, CW AF Dolan, CK Hall, MA Blazes, DL Norwood, CW TI Pseudoporphyria as a result of voriconazole use: a case report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIAZOLE ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; THERAPY; DRUG AB Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat invasive aspergillosis and refractory infections with Scedosporium apiospermum or Fusarium spp(1) The reported side-effects of voriconazole include visual changes, headaches, elevated hepatic enzymes, Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, chelitis, photosensitivity, discoid lupus erythematosus and anaphylactoid infusion reactions.(1-9) Pseudoporphyria was first described in association with nalidixic acid.(10,11) It has the same clinical and histologic features as porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) but is distinguished by normal porphyrin levels in the serum, urine and stool. We present the case of a patient who developed pseudoporphyria after receiving treatment with voriconazole. C1 USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN Reserve, Patuxent River Naval Med Clin, Patuxent River, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Residency Program, Natl Capital Consortium, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Norwood, CW (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM cwnorwood@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 768 EP 771 DI 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02177.x PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 860MI UT WOS:000224347300016 PM 15485539 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, A Boros, G AF Jordan, PM Puri, A Boros, G TI On a new exact solution to Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Stokes' first problem; Maxwell fluids; integral transform methods ID FLOWS AB Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids is re-examined using integral transform methods and several forms of the exact solution are presented. In the process, we call attention to, and correct, a recent case in the literature where this solution has been stated incorrectly. In addition, we note a number of analytical results and give several velocity profile plots. Finally, connections are drawn to other areas of research. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Xavier Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1371 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2003.12.003 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 818AF UT WOS:000221217300011 ER PT J AU Phongikaroon, S Calabrese, RV Carpenter, K AF Phongikaroon, S Calabrese, RV Carpenter, K TI Elucidation of polyurethane dispersions in a batch rotor-stator mixer SO JCT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE isocyanates; latexes; colloids; emulsions; polyurethanes; waterborne; application characteristics; data analysis; statistics; urethane; dispersion; batch rotor-stator mixers; drop size distribution AB In this study, the effect of high energy input from mechanical agitation, provided with a high shear rotor-stator, on the drop size and the drop size distribution (DSD) of aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions is investigated. The effect of the dispersed phase volume fraction (phi) on the DSD of aqueous PU dispersions is also examined to understand the fundamental characteristics that result from the high shear mixing. DSD is measured by using either a high magnification video probe or dynamic light scattering, depending on the range of drop sizes. For the PU without any ionic content, the distributions appear to be bimodal with rather large drop sizes. The mean sizes of the first and second modes are about 10 and 22 mum, respectively. For the PU with an ionic content, the mean drop sizes are approximately 80 nm. The distributions reveal that functional chemistry plays a more dominant role in the process of making PU dispersions than the mechanical agitation, and that phi has a weak effect on the mean drop sizes. The results further suggest that mechanical agitation can be used to control the breadth of the distributions. C1 Univ Maryland, Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Phongikaroon, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Remote Sensing Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM supathorn@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422-2350 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 JCT RES JI JCT Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 1 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 863NQ UT WOS:000224569100008 ER PT J AU Doerr, KH Freed, T Mitchell, TR Schriesheim, CA Zhou, XH AF Doerr, KH Freed, T Mitchell, TR Schriesheim, CA Zhou, XH TI Work flow policy and within-worker and between-workers variability in performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; DYNAMIC CRITERIA; PRODUCTION LINES; NULL HYPOTHESIS; TASK COMPLEXITY; JOB DESIGN; INTERDEPENDENCE; COMPENSATION; MOTIVATION AB Work flow policies are shown to induce a change in average between-workers variability (worker heterogeneity) and within-worker variability in performance times. In a laboratory experiment, the authors measured the levels of worker heterogeneity and within-worker variability under an individual performance condition, a work sharing condition, and a fixed assignment condition. The work sharing policy increased the levels of worker heterogeneity and worker variability, whereas the fixed assignment policy decreased them. These effects, along with work flow policy main effects on mean performance times and variability are examined. This article represents an initial step in understanding effects that may be important in the selection of an operating policy, the ignorance of which may lead to costly misestimates of performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Management & Org, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Management, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Doerr, KH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM khdoerr@nps.navy.mil OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 5 BP 911 EP 921 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.911 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 861LF UT WOS:000224417300013 PM 15506870 ER PT J AU Abbett, WP Mikic, Z Linker, JA McTiernan, JM Magara, T Fisher, GH AF Abbett, WP Mikic, Z Linker, JA McTiernan, JM Magara, T Fisher, GH TI The photospheric boundary of Sun-to-Earth coupled models SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE methods; numerical; MHD; sun; photosphere; magnetic fields; corona ID CORONAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX TUBE; VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS; CONVECTION ZONE; EVOLUTION; ATMOSPHERE; EMERGENCE; HELICITY AB The least understood component of the Sun-to-Earth coupled system is the solar atmosphere-the visible layers of the Sun that encompass the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region and low corona. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), principal drivers of space weather, are magnetically driven phenomena that are thought to originate in the low solar corona. Their initiation mechanism, however, is still a topic of great debate. If we are to develop physics-based models with true predictive capability, we must progress beyond simulations of highly idealized magnetic configurations, and develop the techniques necessary to incorporate observations of the vector magnetic field at the solar photosphere into numerical models of the solar corona. As a first step toward this goal, we drive the SAIC coronal model with the complex magnetic fields and flows that result from a sub-photospheric MHD simulation of an emerging active region. In particular, we successfully emerge a twisted Omega-loop into a pre-existing coronal arcade. To date, it is not possible to directly measure the magnetic field in the solar corona. Instead, we must rely on nonpotential extrapolations to generate the twisted, pre-eruptive coronal topologies necessary to initiate data-driven MHD simulations of CMEs. We therefore investigate whether a non-constant-a force-free extrapolation can successfully reproduce the magnetic features of a self-consistent MHD simulation of flux emergence through a stratified model atmosphere. We generate force-free equilibria from simulated photospheric and chromospheric vector magnetograms, and compare these results to the MHD calculation. We then apply these techniques to an IVM (Mees Solar Observatory) vector magnetogram of NOAA active-region 8210, a source of a number of eruptive events on the Sun. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abbett, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abbett@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Magara, Tetsuya/E-2406-2013; Fisher, George/G-1380-2015 OI Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 66 IS 15-16 BP 1257 EP 1270 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.03.016 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865AN UT WOS:000224674900003 ER PT J AU Larsen, JC Szymanski, C Guerry, P AF Larsen, JC Szymanski, C Guerry, P TI N-linked protein glycosylation is required for full competence in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; NATURAL TRANSFORMATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IV SECRETION; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; PILIN GLYCOSYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB The recent sequencing of the virulence plasmid of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 revealed the presence of genes homologous to type IV secretion systems (TFSS) that have subsequently been found in Helicobacter pylori and Wolinella succinogenes. Mutational analyses of some of these genes have implicated their involvement in intestinal epithelial cell invasion and natural competence. In this report, we demonstrate that one of these type IV secretion homologs, Cjp3/VirB10, is a glycoprotein. Treatment with various glycosidases and binding to soybean agglutinin indicated that the structure of the glycan present on VirB10 contains a terminal GalNAc, consistent with previous reports of N-linked glycans in C. jejuni. Site-directed mutagenesis of five putative N-linked glycosylation sites indicated that VirB10 is glycosylated at two sites, N32 and N97. Mutants in the N-linked general protein glycosylation (pgl) system of C. jejuni are significantly reduced in natural transformation, which is likely due, in part, to lack of glycosylation of VirB10. The natural transformation defect in a virB10 mutant can be complemented in trans by using a plasmid expressing wild-type VirB10 or an N32A substitution but not by using a mutant expressing VirB10 with an N97A substitution. Taken together, these results suggest that glycosylation of VirB10 specifically at N97 is required for the function of the TFSS and for full competence in C. jejuni 81-176. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. EM guerryp@nmrc.navy.mil RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 39 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 186 IS 19 BP 6508 EP 6514 DI 10.1128/JB.186.19.6508-6514.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 855QL UT WOS:000223988700020 PM 15375132 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Havel, TF Emerson, J Boulant, N Saraceno, M Lloyd, S Cory, DG AF Weinstein, YS Havel, TF Emerson, J Boulant, N Saraceno, M Lloyd, S Cory, DG TI Quantum process tomography of the quantum Fourier transform SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NMR POPULATION-INVERSION; COMPOSITE PULSES; COMPUTER; COMPENSATION; HAMILTONIANS; ALGORITHMS; DESIGN AB The results of quantum process tomography on a three-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor are presented and shown to be consistent with a detailed model of the system-plus-apparatus used for the experiments. The quantum operation studied was the quantum Fourier transform, which is important in several quantum algorithms and poses a rigorous test for the precision of our recently developed strongly modulating control fields. The results were analyzed in an attempt to decompose the implementation errors into coherent (overall systematic), incoherent (microscopically deterministic), and decoherent (microscopically random) components. This analysis yielded a superoperator consisting of a unitary part that was strongly correlated with the theoretically expected unitary superoperator of the quantum Fourier transform, an overall attenuation consistent with decoherence, and a residual portion that was not completely positive-although complete positivity is required for any quantum operation. By comparison with the results of computer simulations, the lack of complete positivity was shown to be largely a consequence of the incoherent errors which occurred over the full quantum process tomography procedure. These simulations further showed that coherent, incoherent, and decoherent errors can often be identified by their distinctive effects on the spectrum of the overall superoperator. The gate fidelity of the experimentally determined superoperator was 0.64, while the correlation coefficient between experimentally determined superoperator and the simulated superoperator was 0.79; most of the discrepancies with the simulations could be explained by the cummulative effect of small errors in the single qubit gates. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Unidad Act Fis, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, dArbeloff Lab Informat Syst & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Weinstein, YS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 38 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 13 BP 6117 EP 6133 DI 10.1063/1.1785151 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 857VE UT WOS:000224146300003 PM 15446906 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Potter, M Pappagianis, D AF Crum, NF Potter, M Pappagianis, D TI Seroincidence of coccidioidomycosis during military desert training exercises SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMITIS-ENDEMIC AREA; CALIFORNIA; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Coccidioidomycosis is a common fungal infection acquired in the southwestern United States. This is the first study in over 2 decades to determine the seroincidence of Coccidioides immitis infections among U.S. military members performing training exercises in an area of endemicity. Only 8% of participants were aware of coccidioidomycosis, despite the majority having visited or lived previously in an area of endemicity. One (0.6%) of the 178 participants developed "definite" serologic evidence of infection over a 5-week training period; four (2.3%) additional patients developed "possible" coccidioidomycosis infections. None had complicated disease. The calculated annual incidence ranged from 6 to 32%. This study suggests that the risk of serious coccidioidomycosis is low among military personnel during desert training exercises; however, disease incidence may vary depending on specific activities and geographic factors. Due to the potential morbidity and mortality of this infection, preventative strategies, including vaccine development, are advocated. C1 USN Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USA, Training Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Irwin, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 4552 EP 4555 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4552-4555.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 862EM UT WOS:000224473000021 PM 15472308 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Lilja, K AF Ancona, M. G. Lilja, K. TI Multi-Dimensional Tunneling in Density-Gradient Theory SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE electron tunneling; density-gradient theory; multi-dimensions AB The equations of density-gradient theory for describing electron tunneling in multi-dimensions are developed and discussed. The theory is illustrated with an application to tunneling in an STM-like geometry. C1 [Ancona, M. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lilja, K.] Mixed Technol Associates LLC, Newark, CA USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6876, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The first author thanks the Office of Naval Research for funding support. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1569-8025 J9 J COMPUT ELECTRON JI J. Comput. Electron. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s10825-004-7042-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V25LD UT WOS:000208478600009 ER PT J AU Jackson, EM Boishin, GI Aifer, EH Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ AF Jackson, EM Boishin, GI Aifer, EH Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ TI Arsenic cross-contamination in GaSb/InAs superlattices SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; antimonides; arsenates; semiconducting III-V materials ID V SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB We have investigated the cross-contamination of As in GaSb/InAs superlattices. We demonstrate a method of varying the lattice constant of the superlattice. By controlling the As background pressure in the growth chamber, the strain can be controlled to about 0.01%, corresponding to As cross-incorporation variations of about +/-1%. The distribution of As is investigated by X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy, and the critical thickness is obtained. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SFA Inc, USN, Res Lab, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Jackson, EM (reprint author), SFA Inc, USN, Res Lab, 9315 Largo Dr W,Suite 200, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM ejackson@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.06.033 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 859TF UT WOS:000224290100003 ER PT J AU Miller, SO Johnson, JD Allemang, JD Strother, JM AF Miller, SO Johnson, JD Allemang, JD Strother, JM TI Cold testing through full-coverage restorations SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXISTING CROWNS; RESTORING TEETH; PULPAL TEST; AGENTS; ENAMEL AB Endodontic diagnosis often requires thermal testing through porcelain fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-ceramic restorations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the temperature change during thermal testing by three commonly used methods occurring at the pulp-dentin junction (PDJ) of nonrestored teeth and teeth restored with full coverage restorations made of PFM, all-porcelain, or gold. The methods used to produce a thermal change were (a) an ice stick, (b) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE), and (c) carbon dioxide snow. A thermocouple measured temperature changes occurring at the PDJ in 10 extracted premolars when thermal tested by each method over a period of 30 seconds. Temperature reduction was also measured for the same samples restored with full gold crowns, PFM, and Empress crowns. Results showed intact premolars and those restored with PFM or all-ceramic restorations to respond similarly to thermal testing. In these teeth, TFE produced a significantly greater temperature decrease than carbon dioxide snow between 10 and 25 seconds (p < 0.05). In conclusion, application of TFE on a saturated #2 cotton pellet was the most effective method for producing a temperature reduction at the PDJ of intact teeth and those restored with gold, PFM, and all-porcelain when testing for less than 15 seconds. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Adv Specialty Program Endodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Box 357448, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jamesj2@u.washington.edu NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 30 IS 10 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1097/01.DON.0000125880.11248.74 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 857JY UT WOS:000224113700004 PM 15448461 ER PT J AU Turner, SE Lam, LC Faghri, M Gregory, OJ AF Turner, SE Lam, LC Faghri, M Gregory, OJ TI Experimental investigation of gas flow in microchannels SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE channel flow; experimental; heat transfer; microscale; rarefied; roughness ID MICRO-CHANNELS; HEAT-TRANSFER AB This paper presents an experimental investigation of laminar gas flow through microchannels. The independent variables: relative surface roughness, Knudsen number and Mach number were systematically varied to determine their influence on the friction factor The microchannels were etched into silicon wafers, capped with glass, and have hydraulic diameters between 5 and 96 Am. The pressure was measured at seven locations along the channel length to determine local values of Knudsen number Mach number and friction factor. All measurements were made in the laminar flow regime with Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.1 to 1000. The results show close agreement for the friction factor in the limiting case of low Ma and low Kn with the incompressible continuum flow theory. The effect of compressibility is observed to have a mild (8 percent) increase in the friction factor as the Mach number approaches 0.35. A 50 percent decrease in the friction factor was seen as the Knudsen number was increased to 0.15. Finally, the influence of surface roughness on the friction factor was shown to be insignificant for both continuum and slip flow regimes. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 25 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 5 BP 753 EP 763 DI 10.1115/1.1797036 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 876BZ UT WOS:000225472000011 ER PT J AU Opeka, MM Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA AF Opeka, MM Talmy, IG Zaykoski, JA TI Oxidation-based materials selection for 2000 degrees C plus hypersonic aerosurfaces: Theoretical considerations and historical experience SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Wintergreen, VA SP AFOSR ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CRYSTAL SILICON-CARBIDE; ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE; HAFNIUM CARBIDE; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; METALS; TI3SIC2; NITRIDE; MODEL AB Hypersonic flight involves extremely high velocities and gas temperatures with the attendant necessity for thermal protection systems (TPS). New high temperature materials are needed for these TPS systems. A systematic investigation of the thermodynamics of potential materials revealed that low oxidation rate materials, which form pure scales of SiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, or BeO, cannot be utilized at temperatures of 1800degreesC (and above) due to disruptively high vapor pressures which arise at the interface of the base material and the scale. Vapor pressure considerations provide significant insight into the relatively good oxidation resistance of ZrB2- and HfB2-based materials at 2000degreesC and above. These materials form multi-oxide scales composed of a refractory crystalline oxide (skeleton) and a glass component, and this compositional approach is recommended for further development. The oxidation resistance of ZrB2-SiC and other non-oxide materials is improved, to at least 1600degreesC, by compositional modifications which promote immiscibility in the glass component of the scale. Other candidate materials forming high temperature oxides, such as rare earth compounds, are largely unexplored for high temperature applications and may be attractive candidates for hypersonic TPS materials. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Opeka, MM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM opekaMM@nsweed.navy.mil NR 104 TC 448 Z9 490 U1 9 U2 128 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 5887 EP 5904 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041686.21788.77 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300002 ER PT J AU Wuchina, E Opeka, M Causey, S Buesking, K Spain, J Cull, A Routbort, J Guitierrez-Mora, F AF Wuchina, E Opeka, M Causey, S Buesking, K Spain, J Cull, A Routbort, J Guitierrez-Mora, F TI Designing for ultrahigh-temperature applications: The mechanical and thermal properties of HfB2, HfCx, HfNx, and alpha Hf(N) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Wintergreen, VA SP AFOSR ID OXIDATION; ZRB2 AB The thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, Young's Modulus, flexural strength, and brittle-plastic deformation transition temperature were determined for HfB2, HfC0.98, HfC0.67, and HfN0.92 ceramics. The mechanical behavior of alphaHf(N) solid solutions was also studied. The thermal conductivity of modified HfB2 exceeded that of the other materials by a factor of 5 at room temperature and by a factor of 2.5 at 820degreesC. The transition temperature of HfC exhibited a strong stoichiometry dependence, decreasing from 2200degreesC for HfC0.98 to 1100degreesC for HfC0.67 ceramics. The transition temperature of HfB2 was 1100degreesC. Pure HfB2 was found to have a strength of 340 MPa in 4 point bending, that was constant from room temperature to 1600degreesC, while a HfB2 + 10% HfCx had a higher room temperature bend strength of 440 MPa, but that dropped to 200 MPa at 1600degreesC. The data generated by this effort was inputted into finite element models to predict material response in internally heated nozzle tests. The theoretical model required accurate material properties, realistic thermal boundary conditions, transient heat transfer analysis, and a good understanding of the displacement constraints. The results of the modeling suggest that HfB2 should survive the high thermal stresses generated during the nozzle test primarily because of its superior thermal conductivity. The comparison the theoretical failure calculations to the observed response in actual test conditions show quite good agreement implying that the behavior of the design is well understood. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20827 USA. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. Mat Res & Design, Philadelphia, PA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. RP Wuchina, E (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20827 USA. EM wuchinaej@nswccd.navy.mil NR 23 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 7 U2 68 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 5939 EP 5949 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041690.06117.34 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300006 ER PT J AU Schwab, ST Stewart, CA Dudeck, KW Kozmina, SM Katz, JD Bartram, B Wuchina, EJ Kroenke, WJ Courtin, G AF Schwab, ST Stewart, CA Dudeck, KW Kozmina, SM Katz, JD Bartram, B Wuchina, EJ Kroenke, WJ Courtin, G TI Polymeric precursors to refractory metal borides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Wintergreen, VA SP AFOSR ID HAFNIUM CARBIDE; OXIDATION; ZIRCONIUM; DIBORIDE AB Polymeric precursors to zirconium and hafnium diboride are described. Initial studies concentrated on carbothermal/borothermal reduction of metal alkoxides; however, improved results were obtained from oxide free-precursors prepared from the metal borohydride and borazine. The metal borides are obtained in good chemical and ceramic yield upon pyrolysis, and the polymeric precursors obtained through the reaction of borazine with the metal borohydride exhibit viscosities amenable to use as preceramic binders in powder processing. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Thor Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Schwab, ST (reprint author), Thor Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. EM stschwab@twrol.com NR 21 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 6051 EP 6055 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041701.01103.41 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300017 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Development of IFN-Gamma and IL-2 T cell assay by elispot and multi-parameter cytokine flow cytometry in rhesus monkey SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract RP USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5-6 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 858GC UT WOS:000224179300071 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Influence of wavelength on the parameterization of drag coefficient and surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE drag coefficient; surface roughness; parameterization; wavelength; fetch limited; wind stress ID SEA-SURFACE; WIND-STRESS; WAVES; DEPENDENCE AB Surface waves are the roughness element of the ocean surface, the air-sea interaction processes are influenced by the wave conditions. The dynamic influence of surface waves decays exponentially with distance from the air-water interface. The relevant length scale characterizing the decay rate is the wavelength. The parameterization of drag coefficient and surface roughness can be significantly improved by using wavelength as the reference length scale of atmospheric measurements. The wavelength scaling of drag coefficient and dynamic roughness also receives support from theoretical studies of wind and wave coupling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 60 IS 5 BP 835 EP 841 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 847WT UT WOS:000223429400003 ER PT J AU Pascual, A Gomis, D Haney, RL Ruiz, S AF Pascual, A Gomis, D Haney, RL Ruiz, S TI A quasigeostrophic analysis of a meander in the Palamos Canyon: Vertical velocity, geopotential tendency, and a relocation technique SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; NORTHEAST SPANISH COAST; QG-OMEGA EQUATION; SUBMARINE-CANYON; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; ADCP DATA; CIRCULATION; FRONT; MODEL; OCEAN AB The quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency and omega equations are integrated to examine the dynamics of an upper-ocean coastal meander sampled during an intensive survey in the Palamo's Canyon (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Results for dynamic height tendency reveal that the meander is not growing or decaying but is propagating downstream at a velocity of about 4 km day(-1). This propagation speed implies a problem of synopticity in the field observations, which is solved through a data relocation scheme. The station relocation has important consequences on the magnitude of crucial dynamical variables such as the vertical velocity: maximum values of 20 m day(-1) before the relocation reduce to 10 m day(-1) after the relocation. The impact of bottom boundary conditions in the solution of the omega equation is also analyzed. Results indicate that for the stratification encountered during the survey, effects of topographic forcing are negligible above approximately 300 m. C1 IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats, Mallorca, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pascual, A (reprint author), CLS Space Oceanog Div, 8-10 Rue Hermes,Parc Technol Canal, F-31526 Ramonville St Agne, France. EM apascual@cls.fr RI Pascual, Ananda/H-8214-2013; OI Pascual, Ananda/0000-0001-9476-9272; Ruiz, Simon/0000-0002-9395-9370 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2274 EP 2287 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<2274:AQAOAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 866FV UT WOS:000224760200010 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Wang, DW AF Hwang, PA Wang, DW TI Field measurements of duration-limited growth of wind-generated ocean surface waves at young stage of development SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FINITE DEPTH; SPECTRA; WATER; FETCH; FREQUENCY AB The issue of duration-limited growth of wind-generated waves is of importance to wave studies. Most analytical solutions for wind waves are given in time rather than fetch domain. Numerical modeling of wave development is also often conducted in temporal evolution mode. Experimental data of duration-limited growth, however, are rare and do not cover a wide range of the wave development stage. As a result, theorists and modelers have to rely on fetch-limited evolution data, converting them into duration-limited conditions on the basis of some assumptions. During one of the field experiments of wind wave measurements, a dataset was obtained that is almost ideal for duration-limited wave growth analysis. The dataset extends the range of coverage in dimensionless time of the existing database by about one order of magnitude. The results of analysis provide strong support for the relation of space-time conversion for rendering the fetch-limited growth functions to duration-limited growth functions. Quantitative discussions on the development rate of fetch and duration growth are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2316 EP 2326 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<2316:FMODGO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 866FV UT WOS:000224760200013 ER PT J AU Medeiros, MG Bessette, RR Deschenes, CM Patrissi, CJ Carreiro, LG Tucker, SP Atwater, DW AF Medeiros, MG Bessette, RR Deschenes, CM Patrissi, CJ Carreiro, LG Tucker, SP Atwater, DW TI Magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell for undersea vehicles SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Sources Symposium CY SEP 22-24, 2003 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE applications/underwater vehicles; Mg-H2O2 semi-fuel cells ID MEMBRANES AB A magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell (SFC) is under development at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) as an energetic electrochemical system for low rate, long endurance undersea vehicle applications. This electrochemical system consists of a magnesium anode, a sodium chloride anolyte, a conductive membrane, a catalyzed carbon current collector, and a catholyte of sodium chloride, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Bipolar electrode fabrication to minimize cell stack volume, long duration testing, and scale-up of electrodes from 77 to 1000 cm(2) have been the objectives of this project. Single cell and multi-cell testing at the 77 cm(2) configuration have been utilized to optimize all testing parameters including start-up conditions, flow rates, temperatures, and electrolyte concentrations while maintaining high voltages and efficiencies. The fabrication and testing of bipolar electrodes and operating parameter optimization for large electrode area cells will be presented. Designs for 1000 cm(2) electrodes, electrolyte flow patterns and current/voltage distribution across these large area cells will also be discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. BAE Syst, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Medeiros, MG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM medeirosmg@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 45 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 SI SI BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.powsour.2004.03.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 860RR UT WOS:000224361200006 ER PT J AU Lewis, H Hwang, W Manzo, M AF Lewis, H Hwang, W Manzo, M TI Historical performance of nickel/cadmium and nickel/metal hydride geosynchronous-orbit packs and determination of voltage/temperature levels for advanced nickel/cadmium designs SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Sources Symposium CY SEP 22-24, 2003 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE applications/earth satellites; nickel/cadmium batteries; nickel/metal hydride; batteries AB This paper will review the performances of nickel/cadmium and nickel/hydrogen Geocentric Earth Orbital (GEO) satellite battery packs which have been evaluated at NAVSEA Crane for the Air Force and NASA-Glenn. The nickel/cadmium data will deal, in part, with the attempts to find space-qualified substitutes for the disappearance of Pellon 2505 as a separation material. The nickel/hydrogen data will illustrate the development of this chemistry as a substitute for nickel/cadmium batteries. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Aerosp Corp, Energy Technol Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lewis, H (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, 300 Highway 361,Code 609,B2949, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM lewis_h@crane.navy.mil NR 1 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 SI SI BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.041 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 860RR UT WOS:000224361200020 ER PT J AU Timmons, J Kurian, R Goodman, A Johnson, WR AF Timmons, J Kurian, R Goodman, A Johnson, WR TI The sealed lead-acid battery: performance and present aircraft applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Sources Symposium CY SEP 22-24, 2003 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE applications/aircraft; valve-regulated lead-acid batteries AB The United States Navy has flown valve-regulated lead-acid batteries (VRLA) for approximately 22 years. The first VRLA aircraft batteries were of a cylindrical cell design and these evolved to a prismatic design to save weight, volume, and to increase rate capability. This paper discusses the evolution of the VRLA aircraft battery designs, present VRLA battery performance, and battery size availability along with their aircraft applications (both military and commercial). The paper provides some of the reliability data from present applications. Finally, the paper discusses what future evolution of the VRLA technology is required to improve performance and to remain the technology of choice over other sealed aircraft battery designs. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Sea Syst Command, Crane Div, Power Syst Dept, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EnerSys Ltd, Newport NP19 4XJ, Gwent, Wales. Concorde Battery Corp, W Covina, CA 91790 USA. EM johnsonbr@navy.mil NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 136 IS 2 SI SI BP 372 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.045 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 860RR UT WOS:000224361200028 ER PT J AU Castor, K Gerstoft, P Roux, P Kuperman, WA McDonald, BE AF Castor, K Gerstoft, P Roux, P Kuperman, WA McDonald, BE TI Long-range propagation of finite-amplitude acoustic waves in an ocean waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW EXPLOSIVE CHARGES; NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS; PULSE-PROPAGATION; T-PHASES; FORMULATION; MODEL AB A hybrid method coupling nonlinear and linear propagation codes is used to study the nonlinear signature of long-range acoustic propagation for high-amplitude sources in an ocean waveguide. The differences between linear and nonlinear propagation are investigated in deep and shallow water environments. The spectral reshaping that occurs in nonlinear propagation induces two main effects: in shallow water, an unusual arrival time structure in the lowest order modes is observed, and in both shallow and deep water environments, there is a tendency to have acoustic energy more uniformly distributed across modes. Further, parametric low-frequency generation in deep water is a candidate for the coupling between water and sediments for T-wave formation. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Castor, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kaelig.castor@cea.fr; mcdonald@sonar.nrl.navy.mil RI Gerstoft, Peter/B-2842-2009; roux, philippe/B-8538-2014; OI Gerstoft, Peter/0000-0002-0471-062X NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 116 IS 4 BP 2004 EP 2010 DI 10.1121/1.1756613 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 864TK UT WOS:000224655600017 ER PT J AU Chotiros, NP Isakson, MJ AF Chotiros, NP Isakson, MJ TI A broadband model of sandy ocean sediments: Biot-Stoll with contact squirt flow and shear drag SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; ATTENUATION; PROPAGATION; VELOCITIES; INTERFACE AB Unlike the application of the Biot model for fused glass beads, which was conclusively demonstrated by Berryman [Appl. Phys. Lett. 37(4), 3 82-384 (1980)] using the experimental measurements by Plona [Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 259-261 (1980)], the model for unconsolidated water-saturated sand has been more elusive. The difficulty is in the grain to grain contact physics. Unlike the fused glass beads, the connection between the unconsolidated sand grains is not easily modeled. Measurements over a broad range of frequencies show that the sound speed dispersion is significantly greater than that predicted by the Biot-Stoll model with constant coefficients, and the observed sound attenuation does not seem to follow a consistent power law. The sound speed dispersion may be explainable in terms of the Biot plus squirt flow (BISQ) model of Dvorkin and Nur [Geophysics 58(4), 524-533 (1993)]. By using a similar approach that includes grain contact squirt flow and viscous drag (BICSQS), the observed diverse behavior of the attenuation was successfully modeled. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Chotiros, NP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 321 OA,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM nicholas-chotiros@onr.navy.mil NR 23 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 116 IS 4 BP 2011 EP 2022 DI 10.1121/1.1791715 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 864TK UT WOS:000224655600018 ER PT J AU Kapfer, SA Rappold, JF AF Kapfer, SA Rappold, JF TI Intestinal malrotation - Not just the pediatric syrgeon's problem SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Review ID MIDGUT VOLVULUS; SONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; ROTATION; ANOMALIES; CHILDREN; BOWEL; ABNORMALITIES; COMPLICATION; NONROTATION C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Rappold, JF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM jfrappold@nmscd.med.navy.mil NR 40 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 199 IS 4 BP 628 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.jamcolisurg.2004.04.024 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 860UI UT WOS:000224368400018 PM 15454150 ER PT J AU Tho, CH Sparks, CE Sareen, AK Smith, MR Johnson, C AF Tho, CH Sparks, CE Sareen, AK Smith, MR Johnson, C TI Efficient helicopter skid landing gear dynamic drop simulation using LS-DYNA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 06, 2003 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; SHELLS AB Stringent military requirements and design targets underscore the need to develop a robust methodology to analyze the structural behavior of helicopter skid landing gear under dynamic loading conditions. To survive high-energy impacts, the skid landing gear must be designed to provide adequate energy absorption. Bell Helicopter has developed a non-circular crossbeam to optimize design requirements for the skid landing gear. Previous analytical work using MSC.Dytran(R) focused on analyzing circular crossbeams and was later extended to analyze rectangular crossbeams with shell element representation. However, excessive computational time precluded the methodology from becoming a viable design tool. This paper focuses on the development of an efficient method for skid landing gear dynamic drop analyses by using a nonlinear hollow rectangular beam element representation. The method, which reduced computational time from 1-2 days to 12 minutes, employs LS-DYNA(R) to simulate the response of the skid landing gear for UH-1Y helicopters during hard surface impact. Four standard landing conditions are analyzed and correlated with drop test results. C1 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Ft Worth, TX USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Tho, CH (reprint author), Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Ft Worth, TX USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 483 EP 492 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 866JX UT WOS:000224770900010 ER PT J AU Choi, H Lee, K Cha, M Lee, JH Lee, KS Kim, OK Woo, HY AF Choi, H Lee, K Cha, M Lee, JH Lee, KS Kim, OK Woo, HY TI Nonlinear absorption processes in triphenylamine-dithienothiophene-triphenylamine SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE nonlinear absorption; two-photon absorption; excited-state absorption; dithienothiophene; pump-probe experiment ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; LASER; FLUORESCENCE; STORAGE AB We investigated the nonlinear absorption mechanism in the triphenylamine-dithienothiophene-triphenylamine molecule by using laser pulses with two different pulse widths, 7 ns and 35 ps. The single-beam transmission measurement with a 7-ns pulse resulted in a larger nonlinear absorption than that with a 35-ps pulse and saturated at high input intensities due to the excited state absorption (ESA) initiated by two-photon absorption (TPA). For a quantitative characterization of the TPA and ESA contributions to the nonlinear absorption, we estimated the ESA spectrum and lifetime by using a pump-probe transmission measurement with a 35-ps pulse. A 5-level model was used to explain both the nonlinear absorption and the one-photon and the two-photon pumped fluorescence. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ, Res Ctr Dielect & Adv Matter Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Hannam Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Taejon 306791, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM mcha@pnu.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 887 EP 891 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863CL UT WOS:000224537900019 ER PT J AU Richardson, CJK Tseng, SY Goldhar, J Runser, RJ Mercer, LB AF Richardson, CJK Tseng, SY Goldhar, J Runser, RJ Mercer, LB TI Difficulties involving dynamic polarization-based impairment measurements using Jones matrices SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL GROUP DELAY; MODE DISPERSION; DEPENDENT LOSSES; OPTICAL-FIBERS; PMD; STATE AB The concurrent realization of multiple polarization-based link impairments such as polarization-mode dispersion, polarization-dependent loss, and differential-attenuation slope creates a nontrivial measurement and analysis problem. The difficulties concerning the robustness of raw data, of minimizing drift artifacts experienced during multiple wavelength measurements, and the analysis methods that lead to physical significant interpretations are addressed. Measurements of an in-service wavelength-division-multiplexed metro-area network are presented that explicitly illustrate the limitations when using industry-standard commercial test equipment. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Telecommun Sci & Telcordia Technol, Adelphi, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Richardson, CJK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Tseng, Shuo-Yen/B-1392-2009 OI Tseng, Shuo-Yen/0000-0002-3765-9015 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1848 EP 1859 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.001848 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 859ZI UT WOS:000224306500017 ER PT J AU Gurney, J Philbin, N Rice, J Arnaud, F Dong, F Wulster-Radcliffe, M Pearce, LB Kaplan, L McCarron, R Freilich, D AF Gurney, J Philbin, N Rice, J Arnaud, F Dong, F Wulster-Radcliffe, M Pearce, LB Kaplan, L McCarron, R Freilich, D TI A hemoglobin based oxygen carrier, bovine polymerized hemoglobin (HBOC-201) versus hetastarch (HEX) in an uncontrolled liver injury hemorrhagic shock swine model with delayed evacuation SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE combat casualty; hemorrhagic shock; swine; HBOC-201; hextend; liver injury; uncontrolled hemorrhage ID SMALL-VOLUME RESUSCITATION; HYPOTENSIVE RESUSCITATION; ORGAN FAILURE; TISSUE OXYGENATION; HYPERTONIC SALINE; NITRIC-OXIDE; TRAUMA; MORTALITY; DEFICIT; REQUIREMENTS AB Background: As HBOC-201 improves outcome in animals with hemorrhagic shock (HS), we compared HBOC-201 and HEX (used by U.S. military special operations forces) in a swine model of delayed evacuation and uncontrolled HS. Methods: Twenty-four Yucatan pigs underwent a grade HI liver injury and were resuscitated with HBOC-201, HEX, or no fluid (NON). Additional infusions were given for hypotension or tachycardia. After 4 hours, the liver was repaired; IV fluids and blood transfusions were administered. Pigs were monitored for 72 hours. Results: Survival was 7/8, 1/8, and 1/8 in HBOC-201-, HEX-, and NON-resuscitated pigs, respectively. Compared with HEX, HBOC-201 pigs had higher systemic and pulmonary artery pressures and had comparable cardiac outputs, but were less tachycardic. Transcutaneous tissue oxygenation was restored more rapidly in HBOC-201 pigs, there was a trend to lower lactic acid, and base deficit was less. HBOC-201 pigs had lower fluid requirements, higher urine output, and lower blood loss than HEX pigs. Conclusions: Despite evidence of vasoactivity, HBOC-201 more effectively stabilized tissue oxygenation, reversed anaerobic metabolism, decreased bleeding, and increased survival in comparison with HEX. If confirmed in clinical trials, these data suggest that for the resuscitation of combat casualties with delayed evacuation and uncontrolled HS due to solid organ injury, HBOC-201 is a superior low-volume resuscitative fluid. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Philbin, N (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 2N77 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM philbinn@NMRC.NAVY.MIL NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2004 VL 57 IS 4 BP 726 EP 738 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000147520.84792.B4 PG 13 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 871EN UT WOS:000225112300011 PM 15514525 ER PT J AU Lee, YT Feng, JZ AF Lee, YT Feng, JZ TI Potential and viscous interactions for a multi-blade-row compressor SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA ID AERODYNAMIC GUST RESPONSE; UNSTEADY-FLOW; NAVIER-STOKES; AXIAL COMPRESSOR; DISTURBANCES; CASCADE; AIRFOIL AB A computationally efficient time-accurate vortex method for unsteady incompressible flows through multiple blade row systems is presented. The method represents the boundary surfaces using vortex systems. A local coordinate system is assigned to each independently moving blade row. Blade shed vorticity is determined from two generating mechanisms and convected using the Eider equation. The first mechanism of vorticity generation is a potential mechanism from a nonlinear unsteady pressure-type Kutta condition applied at the blade trailing edges. The second mechanism is a viscous mechanism from a viscous wake vorticity (VWV) model implemented to simulate the viscous shear layers on the blade pressure and suction sides. Two different two-blade-row compressor systems, a rotor/stator (R/S) system and a stator/rotor (S/R) system, were used to investigate the interaction forces on each blade row. Computational results of the potential and viscous interaction forces are presented and compared to measurements. The comparison suggests that the viscous wake interaction accounts for 25-30% of the peak loading for an axial spacing of 10% chord length between the blade rows. The efficient computational method is particularly attractive for blade indexing study Therefore a three-blade-row rotor/stator/rotor (R1/S/R2) compressor system is used to demonstrate the indexing calculations between the two rotor positions. Resultant forces on each blade row are presented for ten rotor indexing positions and three axial gap sizes for the gaps between RI and S and between S and R2. The unsteady peak-to-peak force can reach 10-15% of inflow dynamic head for the gap spacing investigated. The minimum-to-maximum variation of the unsteady force can account for 40-50% of averaged unsteady force. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM LeeYT@nswccd.navy.mil; fengji@pweh.com NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1115/1.1740778 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 896ZJ UT WOS:000226973000003 ER PT J AU Boyd, TJ Osburn, CL AF Boyd, TJ Osburn, CL TI Changes in CDOM fluorescence from allochthonous and autochthonous sources during tidal mixing and bacterial degradation in two coastal estuaries SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Sciences Meeting 2002 CY FEB 11-15, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI DE chromophoric dissolved organic matter; tangential flow filtration; Chesapeake Bay; San Francisco Bay ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; PHENOLIC MATERIALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; MARINE-BACTERIA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FULVIC-ACIDS; HUMIC-ACID; CARBON AB Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was collected and concentrated using 1 kDa cutoff tangential flow filtration (TFF) from marine ( similar to 33 salinity), mid-estuarine ( similar to 15 salinity), and freshwater (< 1 salinity) portions of the Chesapeake and San Francisco Bays. Natural bacterioplankton were also collected during the same transects on 0.22-mum pore size filters. TFF permeates from freshwater, mid-estuarine and marine stations were used to create a series of salinity samples ranging from 0 to 33 by increments of 3. Freshwater CDOM was added in the same proportion to each salinity sample to determine changes in spectral signals during simulated estuarine mixing. A series of incubations was conducted in which concentrated CDOM was added to TFF permeates (< 1 kDa, low fluorescence) in a nine-membered matrix such that each station's CDOM was added to each station's TFF permeate. Each incubation was then inoculated with a filter from its respective collection location. Subsamples from bacterial incubations were collected at various times and analyzed by high resolution three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy (EEMs) to determine if changes in ionic strength encountered during estuarine mixing affect the bioavailability and optical properties of CDOM. Five EEMs peaks were identified for each mixing experiment and microbial subsample; Ex(max): 330-350 nm/Em(max): 420-480 nm, Ex(max): 250-260 nm/ Em(max): 380-480 mm, EX(max): 310-320 nm/ E(max): 380-420 nm, Ex(max): 270-280 nm/Em(max): 300-320 nm, andEx(max): 270-280 nm/Em(max): 320-350 nm. These peak ratios were monitored over the time course of the experiment. Changes in several spectral properties during the simulated estuarine mixing were observed indicating CDOM conformational changes as it moves through the estuary. We hypothesized these changes may impact the biodegradability of CDOM as it moves from upland sources to the coastal ocean. Changes in DOC concentration during incubation indicated that allochthonous CDOM was a more utilizable substrate for estuarine and marine bacteria. There were also differences in peak ratios observed during incubation with allochthonous and autochthonous CDOM. There were Em(max) peak shifts dependent on the source of CDOM and bacteria, with more red shifting (toward higher wavelengths) in upper reaches of the estuary and more blue-shifting at the oceanic end-member. We conclude that bacterial degradation of specific components of autochthonous and allochthonous CDOM may impact the spectral characteristics observed throughout an estuary and that CDOM optical properties are partially a function of the CDOM's origin and mixing history. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tboyd@ccf.nrl.navy.mil OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 54 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1-4 BP 189 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.012 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 842OM UT WOS:000223013700012 ER PT J AU Batchelor, RA Pearson, BM Friis, LM Guerry, P Wells, JM AF Batchelor, RA Pearson, BM Friis, LM Guerry, P Wells, JM TI Nucleotide sequences and comparison of two large conjugative plasmids from different Campylobacter species SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; DNA TRANSFER; T-DNA; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; IV SECRETION; PLANT-CELLS AB Two large tetracycline resistance (Tc-R) plasmids have been completely sequenced, the pTet plasmid (45(.)2 kb) from Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 and a plasmid pCC31 (44(.)7 kb) from Campylobacter coli strain CC31 that was isolated from a human case of severe gastroenteritis in the UK. Both plasmids are mosaic in structure, having homologues of genes found in a variety of different commensal and pathogenic bacteria, but nevertheless, showed striking similarities in DNA sequence and overall gene organization. Several predicted proteins encoded by genes involved in conjugation showed highest homology to proteins found in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a periodontal pathogen. In addition to replication- and conjugation-associated genes, both plasmids carried a tet(O) gene encoding tetracycline resistance, a 6 kb ORF encoding a putative methylase and a number of genes of unknown function. The pTet plasmid co-exists in C. jejuni strain 81-176 with a smaller, previously characterized, non-conjugative plasmid pVir that also encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that may affect virulence. In contrast, the T4SS encoded by pTet and pCC31 are shown to mediate bacterial conjugation between Campylobacter. The possible origin and evolution of pCC31 and pTet is discussed. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. BBSRC Inst Food Res, Norwich Lab, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. RP Wells, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jerry.Wells@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 54 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD OCT PY 2004 VL 150 BP 3507 EP 3517 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27112-0 PN 10 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 865IL UT WOS:000224695800042 PM 15470128 ER PT J AU Riddle, MS Sherman, SS Kilbane, EM Putnam, SD AF Riddle, MS Sherman, SS Kilbane, EM Putnam, SD TI A multivariate analysis of factors associated with differential disease and nonbattle injury and morbidity aboard ships of the US Naval 5th fleet during peacetime deployment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; ILLNESS INCIDENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Disease nonbattle injury (DNBI) surveillance is a critical component of U.S. military force health protection and has been aggressively implemented by the U.S. Central Command. This study presents a multivariate analysis of factors associated with DNBI incidence rates as well as a description of morbidity measures associated with DNBI from U.S. Navy ships deployed to the Middle East from October 2000 through September 2001. Weekly DNBI reports (N = 331) from a total of 44 individual units representing six different classes of U.S. Navy ships were included in the analysis. There were statistically significant differences in summary and categorical DNBI rates associated with ship class, season, and presence of female sailors embarked. The top three DNBI categories associated with the most lost workdays because of sick in quarters and hospitalization were other medical/surgical (36%), infectious gastrointestinal (23%), and all types of nonbattle injury combined (17%). C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20854 USA. Navy Environm Prevent Med Unity 5, San Diego, CA 91236 USA. Navy Environm Prevent Med Unity 7, Sigonella, Italy. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20854 USA. RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 169 IS 10 BP 787 EP 794 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JC UT WOS:000235830400007 PM 15532342 ER PT J AU Williams, A Hagerty, BM Yousha, SM Horrocks, J Hoyle, KS Liu, D AF Williams, A Hagerty, BM Yousha, SM Horrocks, J Hoyle, KS Liu, D TI Psychosocial effects of the boot strap intervention in navy recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEPRESSION; SENSE; LONELINESS; STRESS AB The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the effects of the Boot Camp Survival Training for Navy Recruits-A Prescription (BOOT STRAP) intervention on stress, depression, situational events, interpersonal factors, and recruit training performance. Divisions of Navy recruits were randomly selected and 801 recruits participated for the 9 weeks of their training. Recruits "at risk" for depression were randomly assigned to the intervention or nonintervention groups, and the remaining recruits served as the comparison group. The at-risk recruits who received the BOOT STRAP intervention significantly increased their sense of belonging, experienced less loneliness, used more problem-solving coping skills, and decreased insecure attachment by the end of recruit training. Percentages of recruits in the study successfully completing basic training were 84% of the comparison group, 86% of the intervention group, and only 74% of the nonintervention group. Results suggest that the BOOT STRAP intervention improves recruit functioning, strengthens training performance, helps reduce attrition, and may have important implications for stress and depression interventions. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Math & Stat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USN Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Williams, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 169 IS 10 BP 814 EP 820 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JC UT WOS:000235830400012 PM 15532347 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, RL TI Comments on "The influence of the downstream state on extratropical transition: Hurricane Earl (1998) case study'' and "A study of the extratropical reintensification of former Hurricane Earl using Canadian meteorological centre regional analyses and ensemble forecasts'' SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material ID PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SENSITIVITY C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code Mr-Es,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 132 IS 10 BP 2511 EP 2513 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2511:COTIOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859QE UT WOS:000224282200016 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Efros, AL AF Shabaev, A Efros, AL TI 1D exciton spectroscopy of semiconductor nanorods SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM RODS; POLARIZED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DARK-EXCITON; DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; WIRES; ABSORPTION; NANOWIRES; EMISSION; STATES AB We have theoretically shown that optical properties of semiconductor nanorods are controlled by 1D excitons. The theory, which takes into account anisotropy of spatial and dielectric confinement, describes size dependence of interband optical transitions and exciton binding energies. We have demonstrated that the fine structure of the ground exciton state explains the linear polarization of photoluminescence. Our results are in good agreement with the measurements in CdSe nanorods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM efros@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 183 Z9 185 U1 7 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1821 EP 1825 DI 10.1021/nl049216f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 862TU UT WOS:000224514800004 ER PT J AU Poddar, P Wilson, JL Srikanth, H Morrison, SA Carpenter, EE AF Poddar, P Wilson, JL Srikanth, H Morrison, SA Carpenter, EE TI Magnetic properties of conducting polymer doped with manganese-zinc ferrite nanoparticles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nanoscale Devices and System Integration Conference (NDSI-2004) CY FEB 15-19, 2004 CL Miami, FL ID COMPOSITES; ABSORPTION; BAND AB The magnetic properties of superparamagnetic particles are influenced by the supporting matrix. We have systematically studied the DC magnetic properties of loosely packed manganese-zinc ferrite (Mn0.68Zn0.25Fe2.07O3) nanoparticles synthesized using a reverse micelle technique. The results have been compared with those for particles suspended in paraffin wax and embedded in a polypyrrole matrix. The polypyrrole-doped particles were prepared using an in situ ultraviolet irradiation method and spin-coated into thin films. The loosely packed particles showed no resolvable coercivity even well below the blocking temperature. On the other hand, the same particles in wax showed the opening up of a large coercivity below the blocking temperature. However, both the samples showed characteristic superparamagnetic transition peaks in the temperature-dependent susceptibility nearly at the same temperature. The particles in the polypyrrole matrix showed a remarkable increase in the blocking temperature and large hysteresis at 300 K. The structural characterization of the polymer-doped sample showed clustering of the nanoparticles. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Phys Mat Lab, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Poddar, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Phys Mat Lab, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sharihar@cas.usf.edu RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Poddar, Pankaj/G-5174-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 15 IS 10 SI SI BP S570 EP S574 AR PII S0957-4484(04)75160-0 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/15/10/013 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 866ZP UT WOS:000224812200014 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, JK Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H Simon, SM AF Jaiswal, JK Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H Simon, SM TI Use of quantum dots for live cell imaging SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; IN-VIVO; MICROSCOPY AB Monitoring interactions within and among cells as they grow and differentiate is a key to understanding organismal development. Fluorescence microscopy is among the most widely used approaches for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of live organisms(1,2), and organic fluorophores are the most commonly used tags for fluorescence-based imaging(3). Despite their considerable advantages in live cell imaging, organic fluorophores are subject to certain limitations. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) are inorganic fluorescent nanocrystals that overcome many of these limitations and provide a useful alternative for studies that require long-term and multicolor imaging of cellular and molecular interactions(4,5). For labeling specific cellular proteins, QDs must be conjugated to biomolecules that provide binding specificity. Bioconjugation approaches vary with the surface properties of the hydrophilic OD used. The mixed surface self-assembly approach is recommended for conjugating biomolecules to QDs capped with negatively charged dihydroxylipoic acid (DHLA) (Fig. 1). In this approach DHLA-capped Us are conjugated to proteins using positively charged adaptors(6-8), for example, a naturally charged protein (e.g., avidin(9)), a protein fused to positively charged leucine zipper peptide (zb)(8) or a protein fused to pentahistidine peptide (5 x His)(10). The use of avidin permits stable conjugation of the QDs to ligands, antibodies or other molecules that can be biotinylated, whereas the use of proteins fused to a positively charged peptide or oligohistidine peptide obviates the need for biotinylating the target molecule. This procedure describes the bioconjugation of QDs and specific labeling of both intracellular and cell-surface proteins(4,5). For generalized cellular labeling, QDs not conjugated to a specific biomolecule may be used; various strategies are presented in Box 1, Generalized Labeling of Live Cells. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Lab Cellular Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jaiswal, JK (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Lab Cellular Biophys, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Jaiswal, Jyoti/M-5891-2013 OI Jaiswal, Jyoti/0000-0002-5992-5185 NR 17 TC 216 Z9 233 U1 9 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD OCT PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1038/nmeth1004-73 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 893XF UT WOS:000226753700022 PM 16138413 ER PT J AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, ME TI The Hopf algebra structure of multiple harmonic sums SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Zinnowitz, GERMANY SP DESY ID FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; SERIES AB Multiple harmonic sums appear in the perturbative computation of various quantities of interest in quantum field theory. In this article we introduce a class of Hopf algebras that describe the structure of such sums, and develop some of their properties that can be exploited in calculations. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM meh@usna.edu RI Hoffman, Michael/D-9913-2011 OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 135 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.09.050 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 874IM UT WOS:000225344100038 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Balough, BJ Gottshall, KR Allen, K Wester, D AF Hoffer, ME Balough, BJ Gottshall, KR Allen, K Wester, D TI Sustained-release devices in inner ear medical therapy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MENIERES-DISEASE; INTRATYMPANIC GENTAMICIN; KINETICS; HEARING; VEHICLE AB Inner ear medical therapy has been gaining increasing popularity during the last 2 decades. Despite the increased use of this therapy, basic questions regarding this type of treatment have not been answered. The authors have used a variety of sustained-release devices in the laboratory to begin to answer some of these basic questions. This article discusses the results of this work and the application and use of sustained-release devices in patients. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, US Dept Def, San Diego, CA 93134 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr, US Dept Def, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 93134 USA. EM mehoffer@nmesd.med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1053 EP + DI 10.1016/j.otc.2004.04.005 PG 10 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 865OV UT WOS:000224713300008 PM 15474110 ER PT J AU Carstairs, KL McCaslin, I AF Carstairs, KL McCaslin, I TI An unusual presentation of peritonsillar abscess SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE peritonsillar abscess; bilateral ID CELLULITIS; DIAGNOSIS; QUINSY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Childrens Hosp, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carstairs, KL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kerilynmd@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD OCT PY 2004 VL 20 IS 10 BP 680 EP 682 DI 10.1097/01.pec.0000142954.11630.96 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 862FO UT WOS:000224476000008 PM 15454744 ER PT J AU Li, N Sidhu, R Li, XW Ma, F Demiguel, S Zhen, XG Holmes, AL Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ AF Li, N Sidhu, R Li, XW Ma, F Demiguel, S Zhen, XG Holmes, AL Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ TI High-saturation-current InGaAs/InAlAs charge-compensated uni-traveling-carrier photodiode SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHOTODETECTORS AB Charge compensation is utilized to reduce space charge compression in a photodiode. Here we demonstrate an InGaAs/InAlAs uni-traveling-carrier photodiode with a charge compensated InAlAs depletion layer. A bandwidth of 20 GHz and saturation current of 45 mA are demonstrated. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campbell, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jcc@mail.utexas.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 201 IS 13 BP 3037 EP 3041 DI 10.1002/pssa.200406847 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 868HR UT WOS:000224905200026 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Bernstein, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Feldman, JL Bernstein, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Tight-binding study of structure and vibrations of amorphous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; NOBLE-METALS; SI; SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION AB We present a tight-binding calculation that, for the first time, accurately describes the structural, vibrational and elastic properties of amorphous silicon. We compute the interatomic force constants and find an unphysical feature of the Stillinger-Weber empirical potential that correlates with a much noted error in the radial distribution function associated with that potential. We also find that the intrinsic first peak of the radial distribution function is asymmetric, contrary to usual assumptions made in the analysis of diffraction data. We use our results for the normal mode frequencies and polarization vectors to obtain the zero-point broadening effect on the radial distribution function, enabling us to directly compare theory and a high resolution x-ray diffraction experiment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 16 AR 165201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.165201 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867QB UT WOS:000224856000042 ER PT J AU Jones, NO Khanna, SN Baruah, T Pederson, MR Zheng, WJ Nilles, JM Bowen, KH AF Jones, NO Khanna, SN Baruah, T Pederson, MR Zheng, WJ Nilles, JM Bowen, KH TI Magnetic isomers and local moment distribution in Mn5O and Mn6O clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; FERROMAGNETISM; APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION AB A synergistic approach combining the experimental photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical electronic structure studies is used to demonstrate the existence of magnetic isomers as well as configurations having comparable binding energies, identical spins, and yet differing in the distribution of local moments (called isomags). Our studies carried out on Mn5O and Mn6O clusters show that while the O atom occupies either bridge or hollow site with a binding energy of 6.88 eV in Mn-5, it prefers a hollow site with a binding energy of 7.18 eV in Mn-6 clusters. Mn5O is shown to possess two magnetic isomers with total spins of 13 and 5 mu(B) that contain three and five isomags, respectively. Mn6O possesses three isomers, two with moments of 8 and 2 mu(B) and a nonmagnetic. It is shown that the isomags, although undetected in magnetic experiments, can be identified via their electronic structure in experimental photoelectron spectra. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Jones, NO (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 13 AR 134422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.134422 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867PR UT WOS:000224855000073 ER PT J AU Jones, NO Beltran, MR Khanna, SN Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Jones, NO Beltran, MR Khanna, SN Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Hydrogen adsorption and magnetic behavior of Fe-n and Co-n clusters: Controlling the magnetic moment and anisotropy one atom at a time SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; GROUND-STATE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IRON CLUSTERS; CHEMISORPTION; IDENTIFICATION; APPROXIMATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; RESONANCE AB Theoretical studies to investigate the effect of H absorption on the magnetic moment of small Fe-n and Co-n clusters have been carried out using gradient corrected density-functional approach. Our studies on clusters containing up to four transition metal and 2 H atoms show that the successive addition of H atoms can lead to monotonic or oscillatory change from the free cluster magnetic moment. A detailed analysis of the density of electronic states shows that the variations in the magnetic moment can be related to the location of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in the parent cluster. It is shown that the addition of hydrogen can substantially change the magnetic anisotropy. In particular Co3H2 is shown to exhibit magnetic anisotropy that is higher than any of the known anisotropies in the molecular nanomagnets. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM snkhanna@saturn.vcu.edu NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 16 AR 165406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.165406 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867QB UT WOS:000224856000080 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Billings, L Bollt, EM AF Schwartz, IB Billings, L Bollt, EM TI Dynamical epidemic suppression using stochastic prediction and control SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHAOS; VACCINATION; OUTBREAKS; MODELS AB We consider the effects of noise on a model of epidemic outbreaks, where the outbreaks appear. randomly. Using a constructive transition approach that predicts large outbreaks, prior to their occurrence, we derive an adaptive control. scheme that prevents large outbreaks from occurring. The theory inapplicable to a wide range of stochastic processes with underlying deterministic structure. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 AR 046220 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.046220 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 879AU UT WOS:000225689600063 PM 15600508 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Ratna, BR AF Selinger, JV Ratna, BR TI Isotropic-nematic transition in liquid-crystalline elastomers: Lattice model with quenched disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MONTE-CARLO; ORDER; IMPURITIES; MUSCLE; STATE; FIELD AB When liquid-crystalline elastomers pass through the isotropic-nematic transition, the orientational order parameter and the elastic strain vary rapidly but smoothly, without the expected first-order discontinuity. This broadening of the phase transition is an important issue for applications of liquid-crystalline elastomers as actuators or artificial muscles. To understand this behavior, we develop a lattice model of liquid-crystalline elastomers, with local directors coupled to a global strain variable. In this model, we can consider either random-bond disorder (representing chemical heterogeneity) or random-field disorder (representing heterogeneous local stresses). Monte Carlo simulations show that both types of disorder cause the first-order isotropic-nematic transition to broaden into a smooth crossover, consistent with the experiments. For random-field disorder, the smooth crossover into an ordered state can be attributed to the long-range elastic interaction. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 AR 041707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.041707 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 879AT UT WOS:000225689500041 PM 15600425 ER PT J AU Rokhinson, LP Larkina, V Lyanda-Geller, YB Pfeiffer, LN West, KW AF Rokhinson, LP Larkina, V Lyanda-Geller, YB Pfeiffer, LN West, KW TI Spin separation in cyclotron motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; ELECTRON-GAS; INJECTION; PHASE; RINGS; HOLES AB Charged carriers with different spin states are spatially separated in a two-dimensional hole gas. Because of strong spin-orbit interaction, holes at the Fermi energy in GaAs have different momenta for two possible spin states traveling in the same direction, and, correspondingly, different cyclotron orbits in a weak magnetic field. Two point contacts, acting as a monochromatic source of ballistic holes and a narrow detector arranged in the magnetic focusing geometry are demonstrated to work as a tunable spin filter. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM leonid@physics.purdue.edu RI Fonseca, James/G-1018-2011 NR 31 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 14 AR 146601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.146601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 858SL UT WOS:000224211900054 PM 15524823 ER PT J AU Dominguez, DD Jones, HN Keller, TM AF Dominguez, DD Jones, HN Keller, TM TI The effect of curing additive on the mechanical properties of phthalonitrile-carbon fiber composites SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID PROCESSING FIBERGLASS; POLYMER; RESIN AB Unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced phthalonitrile composite panels were fabricated by prepreg consolidation with bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)sulfone (p-BAPS) as the phthalonitrile curing additive. Rheometric measurements and elevated-temperature, short beam shear tests were used to evaluate the cure of the composite as a function of the cure and postcure conditions. These techniques revealed that a fully cured phthalonitrile composite was obtained when the composite was heated at 375degreesC for 8 hours. Room-temperature mechanical properties of the cured composite were then evaluated using short beam shear, tension, and flexural tests. The results are compared with those obtained by curing the phthalonitrile with 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (m-APB). The data indicate that substitution of p-BAPS for m-APB has little effect on the mechanical properties of the cured composite. Elevated-temperature, short beam shear studies up to 371 C show that the cured phthalonitrile composite retains approximately 70% of its room-temperature apparent interlaminar shear strength. The composite also retains 70% of its room-temperature storage modulus up to 450 C. (C) 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dominguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 554 EP 561 DI 10.1002/pc.20049 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 866FJ UT WOS:000224758900012 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Polak, E AF Royset, JO Polak, E TI Reliability-based optimal design using sample average approximations SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE reliability-based optimal design; sample average approximations; Monte-Carlo simulation; bridge design ID OPTIMAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; SIMULATION; RECOURSE; PROGRAMS AB An algorithm for reliability-based optimal design is developed using sampling techniques for estimating the failure probability. The algorithm applies a new method for sensitivity calculations of the failure probability. Initially, the estimates of the failure probability are coarse. As the algorithm progresses towards an optimal design, the number of sample points is increased in an adaptive way leading to better estimates of the failure probability. The algorithm is proven to converge to an optimal design. The applicability of the algorithm is shown in an example from the area of highway bridge design. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 239 Glasgow Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM joroyset@nps.navy.mil NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2004.03.001 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 862NM UT WOS:000224497700005 ER PT J AU Hall, RM Woodson, SH Chambers, JR AF Hall, RM Woodson, SH Chambers, JR TI Overview of the abrupt wing stall program SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review AB The abrupt wing stall (AWS) program was a 5-year program that addressed the problem of uncommanded, transonic lateral motions, such as wing drop, with experimental, computational, and simulation tools. A brief background is presented as are the motivations and objectives for the AWS program. Since the wing drop discovered in preproduction flight testing for the F/A-18E/F program was the immediate impetus for the AMS project, and since extensive flight data had been gathered, the preproduction F/A-18E configuration was utilized to examine the ability of current computational and wind-tunnel tools to predict such phenomena prior to flight. The scope included both steady and unsteady flow field studies for transonic flight conditions. The AMS program also adapted and assessed a free-to-roll (FTR) wind-tunnel testing technique traditionally used for low-speed studies of lateral dynamic stability for the transonic flow regime. This transonic FTR capability was demonstrated first in a proof-of-concept study and then applied to an investigation of four different aircraft configurations-two that were susceptible to wing drop, the preproduction F/A-18E and the AV-8B, and two that were not, the F/A-18C and the F-16C. Design insights have also been obtained from computational studies of these four aircraft configurations and from computations quantifying the impact of the various geometric wing differences between the F/A-18C and the F/A-18E. Finally, guidance is provided for assessing, in the simulator, the relative impact of experimentally determined lateral aerodynamic data on flight characteristics before going to flight test. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Ball Aerosp Syst Div, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Hall, RM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM robert.m.hall@nasa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 7 BP 417 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.10.002 PG 36 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 900GS UT WOS:000227204000001 ER PT J AU Li, XQ Steel, D Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Li, Xiaoqin Steel, Duncan Gammon, Daniel Sham, L. J. TI Optically Driven Quantum Computing Devices Based on Semiconductor Quantum Dots SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Quantum computing; quantum entanglement; semiconductor quantum dots; ultrafast optical spectroscopy AB This paper concerns optically driven quantum logic devices based on semiconductor quantum dots. It provides a brief review of recent theoretical and experimental progress towards building such devices and a description of a possible direction of further research. We consider both the exciton and the electron spin as a potential qubit. Quantum dot fabrication and single dot spectroscopy studies are briefly discussed followed by a description of experimental demonstrations of basic quantum logic operations. A scheme for a scalable quantum computer based on optical control of electron spins localized in quantum dots is described in detail. Important lessons as well as challenges for future research are summarized. C1 [Li, Xiaoqin; Steel, Duncan] Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gammon, Daniel] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sham, L. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@eecs.umich.edu OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 FU ARDA/NSA/ARO; DARPA; ONR; NSF; FOCUS FX We thank the numerous coauthors of our papers in the references for their essential contributions and acknowledge with gratitude the financial support of ARDA/NSA/ARO, DARPA, ONR, NSF and FOCUS. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1-5 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11128-004-0416-1 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA V25UO UT WOS:000208503100011 ER PT J AU Siebesma, AP Jakob, C Lenderink, G Neggers, RAJ Teixeira, J Van Meijgaard, E Calvo, J Chlond, A Grenier, H Jones, C Kohler, M Kitagawa, H Marquet, P Lock, AP Muller, F Olmeda, D Severijns, C AF Siebesma, AP Jakob, C Lenderink, G Neggers, RAJ Teixeira, J Van Meijgaard, E Calvo, J Chlond, A Grenier, H Jones, C Kohler, M Kitagawa, H Marquet, P Lock, AP Muller, F Olmeda, D Severijns, C TI Cloud representation in general-circulation models over the northern Pacific Ocean: A EUROCS intercomparison study SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE clouds; convection; radiation ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION; RADIATION; WEATHER; SYSTEM; FLUXES AB The EUROCS (EUROpean Cloud Systems study) project aims to improve the treatment of cloud systems in regional and global climate and weather prediction models. This paper reports an intercomparison study of cloud representation over the Pacific Ocean for nine climate and weather prediction models. The study consists of an analysis of a June/July/August 1998 period along an idealized trajectory over the Pacific Ocean that encompasses both the ascending and descending branch of the Hadley circulation. The three cloud types that are studied by EUROCS, stratocumulus, shallow cumulus and deep-convective cloud systems, do all occur in a persistent and geographically separated way, along this trajectory. The main focus of this study is on processes related to the hydrological cycle within the Hadley circulation. These include the large-scale dynamics (i.e. the strength of the up- and downwelling branches of the Hadley cell), the cloud processes (i.e. cloud cover, cloud amounts and precipitation), and the impact of these processes on the radiation budget both at the top of the atmosphere and at the ocean's surface. In order to make a quantitative assessment, special care has been taken to select reliable observational datasets. The main conclusions are that (1) almost all models strongly underpredicted both cloud cover and cloud amount in the stratocumulus regions while (2) the situation is opposite in the trade-wind region and the tropics where cloud cover and cloud amount are overpredicted by most models. These deficiencies result in an overprediction of the downwelling surface short-wave radiation of typically 60 W m(-2) in the stratocumulus regimes and a similar underprediction of 60 W m(-2) in the trade-wind regions and in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Similar biases for the short-wave radiation were found at the top of the atmosphere, while discrepancies in the outgoing long-wave radiation are most pronounced in the ITCZ. C1 Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Bur Meterol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Inst Nacl Meteorol, Madrid, Spain. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. Rossby Climate Ctr, Norrkoping, Sweden. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Siebesma, AP (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM siebesma@knmi.nl RI Calvo-Sanchez, Javier/G-5710-2015; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010; OI Calvo-Sanchez, Javier/0000-0002-5041-9745; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207; lenderink, geert/0000-0002-1572-4867 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 130 IS 604 BP 3245 EP 3267 DI 10.1256/qj.03.146 PN C PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895QO UT WOS:000226878300011 ER PT J AU Soares, PMM Miranda, PMA Siebesma, AP Teixeira, J AF Soares, PMM Miranda, PMA Siebesma, AP Teixeira, J TI An eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux parametrization for dry and shallow cumulus convection SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE boundary layer; clouds; turbulence ID TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; UNIFIED PARAMETERIZATION; MOIST CONVECTION; DIURNAL CYCLE; HEAT-FLUX; PART I; MODELS; SIMULATION; CLOUDS; FORMULATION AB Recently, a new consistent way of parametrizing simultaneously local and non-local turbulent transport for the convective atmospheric boundary layer has been proposed and tested for the clear boundary layer. This approach assumes that in the convective boundary layer the subgrid-scale fluxes result from two different mixing scales: small eddies, that are parametrized by an eddy-diffusivity approach, and thermals, which are represented by a mass-flux contribution. Since the interaction between the cloud layer and the underlying sub-cloud layer predominantly takes place through strong updraughts, this approach offers an interesting avenue of establishing a unified description of the turbulent transport in the cumulus-topped boundary layer. This paper explores the possibility of such a new approach for the cumulus-topped boundary layer. In the sub-cloud and cloud layers, the mass-flux term represents the effect of strong updraughts. These are modelled by a simple entraining parcel, which determines the mean properties of the strong updraughts, the boundary-layer height, the lifting condensation level and cloud top. The residual smaller-scale turbulent transport is parametrized with an eddy-diffusivity approach that uses a turbulent kinetic energy closure. The new scheme is implemented and tested in the research model MesoNH. C1 Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Geofis, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Soares, PMM (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Geofis, Campo Grande Ed C8 3-26, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. EM pmsoares@fc.ul.pt RI Miranda, Pedro/B-6971-2008; Soares, Pedro /K-6239-2012 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0002-4288-9456; Soares, Pedro /0000-0002-9155-5874 NR 56 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 130 IS 604 BP 3365 EP 3383 DI 10.1256/qj.03.223 PN C PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895QO UT WOS:000226878300016 ER PT J AU Qi, N Prasad, RR Campbell, K Coleman, P Krishnan, M Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Mosher, D AF Qi, N Prasad, RR Campbell, K Coleman, P Krishnan, M Weber, BV Stephanakis, SJ Mosher, D TI Laser wavefront analyzer for imploding plasma density and current profile measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, US DOE, Gen Atom ID K-SHELL RADIATION; Z-PINCH; SHEARING INTERFEROMETER; ELECTRON-DENSITY; HARTMANN; SENSOR AB The laser wavefront analyzer (LWA) consists of a polarized laser beam pulse that traverses an imploding z-pinch, and a microlens array that focuses the laser beam into a large number (10(4)) of very tiny spots. LWA image analysis determines the refractive bending angles (due to density gradients) and Faraday rotation angles (due to the magnetic field-density integral) throughout the plasma cross section. Electron density and current distributions are derived from LWA data in an imploding gas-puff z-pinch plasma. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qi, N (reprint author), Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA USA. EM weber@suzie.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 10 BP 3442 EP 3445 DI 10.1063/1.1784527 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 866EF UT WOS:000224755900019 ER PT J AU Jones, B Deeney, C Pirela, A Meyer, C Petmecky, D Gard, P Clark, R Davis, J AF Jones, B Deeney, C Pirela, A Meyer, C Petmecky, D Gard, P Clark, R Davis, J TI Design of a multilayer mirror monochromatic x-ray imager for the Z accelerator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Phys Soc, US DOE, Gen Atom ID PLASMAS AB A time-resolved pinhole camera is being developed for monochromatic soft x-ray imaging of z-pinch plasmas on the Z accelerator [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. Pinhole images will reflect from a planar multilayer mirror onto a microchannel plate detector. A W/Si or Cr/C multilayer reflects a narrow energy range (full width at half maximum <10 eV) centered at 277 eV with peak reflectivity up to 20%. This choice of energy will allow final implosion imaging of any wire-array z-pinch fielded on Z, as well as bench testing using a carbon Kalpha source. Aluminized parylene filters will eliminate optical and second harmonic reflection, and the 34degrees multilayer grazing angle will allow detector shielding from high energy x rays produced by the Z accelerator. The system will also include a standard in-line pinhole camera, which can be filtered to obtain simultaneous higher-photon-energy images. Future instruments could use multiple mirrors to image at several energies, or operate at a low grazing angle to image 1-10 keV K-shell emission. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. TMI, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 10 BP 4029 EP 4032 DI 10.1063/1.1789257 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 866EF UT WOS:000224755900195 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Kirchoefer, SW Bellotti, JA Pond, JM AF Chang, WT Kirchoefer, SW Bellotti, JA Pond, JM TI (Ba,Sr)TiO3 ferroelectric thin films for tunable microwave applications SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article DE ferroelectrics; thin films; tunable application; microwave ID STRAIN; SRTIO3 AB The dielectric properties of ferroelectric thin films were investigated for tunable microwave applications. We have observed that epitaxially grown Ba(1-x)SrxTiO(3) (BST, 0.4 less than or equal to X less than or equal to 1) films are distorted from the normal cubic symmetry of the corresponding bulk at room temperature. This structural distortion caused by film strain has a strong impact on the microwave dielectric properties. For compressive strain, the dielectric constant and tuning were decreased and the films showed high dielectric Q. However for tensional strain, the opposite effect was observed. This observation has been interpreted based on phenomenological thermodynamics and strain-induced polarization physics. Two experimental examples, strain-relieved films and strain-enabled films, are presented to show how film strain affects the tunable microwave properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 501 EP 505 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 865EX UT WOS:000224686400012 ER PT J AU Wang, YM AF Wang, YM TI The Sun's large-scale magnetic field and its long-term evolution SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Space Climate CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID COSMIC-RAY MODULATION; BABCOCK-LEIGHTON MODEL; MAUNDER MINIMUM; SOLAR-WIND; MERIDIONAL FLOW; CORONAL HOLES; FLUX TRANSPORT; POLAR FIELDS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; ACTIVE LONGITUDES AB The Sun's large-scale external field is formed through the emergence of magnetic flux in active regions and its subsequent dispersal over the solar surface by differential rotation, supergranular convection, and meridional flow. The observed evolution of the polar fields and open flux (or interplanetary field) during recent solar cycles can be reproduced by assuming a supergranular diffusion rate of 500-600 km(2) s(-1) and a poleward flow speed of 10-20 m s(-1). The nonaxisymmetric component of the large-scale field decays on the flow timescale of similar to 1 yr and must be continually regenerated by new sunspot activity. Stochastic fluctuations in the longitudinal distribution of active regions can produce large peaks in the Sun's equatorial dipole moment and in the interplanetary field strength during the declining phase of the cycle; by the same token, they can lead to sudden weakenings of the large-scale field near sunspot maximum (Gnevyshev gaps). Flux transport simulations over many solar cycles suggest that the meridional flow speed is correlated with cycle amplitude, with the flow being slower during less active cycles. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 767W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 224 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-4982-x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922PF UT WOS:000228849200003 ER PT J AU Novak, JP Lay, MD Perkins, FK Snow, ES AF Novak, JP Lay, MD Perkins, FK Snow, ES TI Macroelectronic applications of carbon nanotube networks SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Reseaech Symposium (ISDRS 03) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Elect Device Soc, Univ Maryland, Natl Sci Fdn, Army Res Off, Army Res Lab DE carbon nanotubes; thin-film transistors; organic semiconductors ID TRANSISTORS AB We report the use of random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes for electronics on large-area noncrystalline substrates. Thin-film transistors made from such random networks were fabricated and characterized on silicon oxide substrates. We have demonstrated both n- and p-type transistors with an effective mobility that is higher than amorphous Si or organic semiconductors. The carbon nanotube networks were also deposited from solution onto polymeric substrates. The ability to deposit these networks via room temperature methods defines a pathway for lightweight, unbreakable displays and other electronic applications requiring large-area, flexible substrates. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10-11 BP 1753 EP 1756 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.05.010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 853EO UT WOS:000223809700012 ER PT J AU Sudirgo, S Nandgaonkar, RP Curanovic, B Hebding, JL Saxer, RL Islam, SS Hirschman, KD Rommel, SL Kurinec, SK Thompson, PE Jin, N Berger, PR AF Sudirgo, S Nandgaonkar, RP Curanovic, B Hebding, JL Saxer, RL Islam, SS Hirschman, KD Rommel, SL Kurinec, SK Thompson, PE Jin, N Berger, PR TI Monolithically integrated Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode/CMOS demonstrating low voltage MOBILE operation SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Reseaech Symposium (ISDRS 03) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Elect Device Soc, Univ Maryland, Natl Sci Fdn, Army Res Off, Army Res Lab ID DIODES AB The first demonstration of the monolithic integration of CMOS and Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITD) with negative differential resistance (NDR) is reported in this paper. The Si/SiGe RITDs exhibited a peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) up to 2.8 and peak current density (J(p)) of 0.26 kA/cm(2) at room temperature. This study focused on the utilization of a pair of tunnel diodes connected in series to form a latch. Employing a FET to supply current into the latch, a RITD/NMOS monostable-bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) was realized. The latch exhibited a voltage swing of 84% at an applied supply voltage of 0.5 V. This logic element enables low voltage operation for high density circuit design of embedded memory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Sudirgo, S (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 12 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10-11 BP 1907 EP 1910 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.05.034 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 853EO UT WOS:000223809700040 ER PT J AU Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Tinkham, BP AF Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Tinkham, BP TI Low-frequency noise characteristics of AlSb/InAsSb HEMTs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Reseaech Symposium (ISDRS 03) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Elect Device Soc, Univ Maryland, Natl Sci Fdn, Army Res Off, Army Res Lab DE low-frequency noise; 1/f noise; HEMTs; InAsSb; InAs ID SINGLE QUANTUM-WELLS; LOW-VOLTAGE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Measurements of the low-frequency noise between 1 Hz and 100 kHz in AlSb/InAsSb HEMTs are reported. At room temperature, over the lower part of the frequency range, the slope of the noise level is close to ideal 1/f. The corresponding Hooge parameter, alpha(H), was found to be 1.4 x 10(-3). In the high-frequency part of the spectrum, the start of a noise Lorentzian component is apparent. At lower temperatures, this component becomes fully visible and moves down in frequency with decreasing temperature, indicating the presence of a discrete trap level with an activation energy of 0.38 eV. Also at low temperatures, when the devices are illuminated with visible light, the noise increases greatly, displaying a prominent Lorentzian component with the characteristic 1/f(2) slope above the corner frequency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kruppa@estd.nri.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10-11 BP 2079 EP 2084 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.05.069 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 853EO UT WOS:000223809700069 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Jensen, SD Boson, S Stalick, WM AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Jensen, SD Boson, S Stalick, WM TI 3-Acylindoles via a one-pot, regioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE indole; regioselectivity; Friedel-Crafts reactions; acylations ID ACYLATION; INDOLES; ACIDS; INHIBITORS; CHLORIDE AB Within we report a general one-pot high-yielding Friedel-Crafts acylation of indole using acid chlorides and diethylaluminum chloride in gram scale quantities. This general synthesis affords products that are easily isolated and require no complex purification procedures. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stalick, WM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM wstalick@gmu.edu NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD OCT 1 PY 2004 IS 14 BP 2277 EP 2282 DI 10.1055/s-2004-831177 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 860WU UT WOS:000224375300005 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Hogan, TF AF Kim, YJ Hogan, TF TI Response of a global atmospheric forecast model to various drag parametrizations SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE-DRAG; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ANISOTROPIC OROGRAPHY; EDDY FLUXES; CLIMATE; EARTH; PARAMETERIZATIONS; SENSITIVITY AB Various drag mechanisms are currently parametrized in numerical models of the atmosphere. For global models that include the middle atmosphere in particular, these mechanisms profoundly affect weather forecast as well as climate simulation. We have developed an extended-top version of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) to include the middle atmosphere by modifying some physical parametrizations and the vertical coordinate. We performed a series of ensemble simulations corresponding to January 2000 for investigating the response of the model to various drag mechanisms, such as mountain drag, orographic gravity wave drag, surface friction drag, and artificial model top drag. Based on the monthly mean fields obtained from the simulations, we first investigate the effect of gravity wave drag due to its direct impact through planetary wave activity as well as indirect impact through induced meridional circulation. We discuss the difficulties in partitioning between the mountain drag due to resolved orography and the gravity wave drag due to unresolved orography, first using conventional diagnostic measures. From analyses of the atmospheric angular momentum budget, we show that various model drag mechanisms when modified interact with one another by redistributing their drag while conserving the total amount. In particular, an overestimation of mountain drag is accompanied by an underestimation of gravity wave drag in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes to conserve the total amount of drag in the model while likely breaking an optimal balance among the mechanisms. Under such a condition, the inclusion of a gravity wave drag parametrization-even if the drag amount itself is reasonable-does not necessarily improve the performance of the model. Diagnosis of this type of imbalance is not clear by conventional monthly mean fields of variables. In this paper, we argue that the budget of atmospheric angular momentum is a useful measure to diagnose impact of such changes in model physics with regard to the partition and balance among drag mechanisms. We also discuss the experimental results that led to the replacement of silhouette orography by mean orography in our model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kimyj@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 56 IS 5 BP 472 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2004.00087.x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 869CT UT WOS:000224961700005 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Rudakov, L AF Ganguli, G Rudakov, L TI Dynamics in a multicomponent plasma near the low-frequency cutoff SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DUSTY PLASMA; WAVES; MODES AB The distinctive feature of a multicomponent plasma is found to be a first order rotation of the light ion fluid with a characteristic frequency, Omega(r). A resonance at omega=Omega(r) results in plasma oscillation with unique properties. Coupling of the fast rotation time scale with the slow magnetosonic time scale leads to a nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the system and suggests the possibility of strong structural turbulence at MHD scales. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gang@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 13 AR 135001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.135001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 857PS UT WOS:000224131400045 PM 15524727 ER PT J AU Himpsel, FJ McChesney, JL Crain, JN Kirakosian, A Perez-Dieste, V Abbott, NL Luk, YY Nealey, PF Petrovykh, DY AF Himpsel, FJ McChesney, JL Crain, JN Kirakosian, A Perez-Dieste, V Abbott, NL Luk, YY Nealey, PF Petrovykh, DY TI Stepped silicon surfaces as templates for one-dimensional nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; VICINAL SURFACES; METAL-SURFACE; ARRAYS; SI; SUPERLATTICES; SI(111); CHAINS; SPIN; CAF2 AB It is shown how atomically precise step arrays can be fabricated on vicinal Si(111). Decoration with metal atoms produces atomic chains that serve as the ultimate nanowires for the study of electrons between one and two dimensions. Chain structures are formed by a large variety of metal atoms with different chemical properties. They range from alkali and alkaline earth metals to noble metals and include transition metals (Pt) and rare earths (Gd, Ho). As a first step toward functionalizing such surfaces, we demonstrate how NEXAFS spectroscopy characterizes organic layers in atom- and orbital-specific fashion, with examples ranging from alkanes with customized end groups to DNA oligonucleotides. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM fhimpsel@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 38 BP 14484 EP 14490 DI 10.1021/jp049209f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 854SB UT WOS:000223922500037 ER PT J AU Karimabadi, H Krauss-Varban, D Huba, JD Vu, HX AF Karimabadi, H Krauss-Varban, D Huba, JD Vu, HX TI On magnetic reconnection regimes and associated three-dimensional asymmetries: Hybrid, Hall-less hybrid, and Hall-MHD simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 3-D reconnection; Hall-less hybrid; Hall MHD; Sweet-Parker; diffusion region; dawn-dusk asymmetry ID ION KINK INSTABILITY; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; FULL PARTICLE; BULK FLOWS; FIELD; MODEL; MAGNETOTAIL; LOCALIZATION; RESISTIVITY AB [ 1] Magnetic reconnection in a plane current sheet is investigated in both two and three dimensions, using three different types of simulation codes, Hall MHD, hybrid ( electron fluid, kinetic ions), and a new code called Hall-less hybrid. The latter code, which is similar to the hybrid code but has the Hall term removed, enables us to clarify the differences between kinetic ion and Hall MHD approaches. The major findings of this research are ( 1) Sweet-Parker regime of reconnection cannot be maintained and does not reach a steady state in a kinetic plasma for physically interesting parameter regimes. ( 2) Fast asymptotic reconnection rate of 0.15V(A0)B(0) is obtained both in the hybrid and Hall-less hybrid simulations with outflow boundaries. V-A0 and B-0 are the Alfven velocity and magnetic field strength in the upstream region. This finding has two immediate implications. First, ion kinetics are sufficient to lead to fast reconnection even in the absence of the Hall term, and second, explanation of fast reconnection in terms of quadratic disperion of whistlers needs to be reconsidered, as whistlers are dispersionless in Hall-less hybrid limit. ( 3) Unlike in MHD, diffusion region is different in size that the region of localized resistivity. ( 4) While both Hall and hybrid codes show that reconnection is inherently asymmetric in three dimensions, there are differences in the nature of the asymmetry. In Hall MHD we show that the X-line grows in the direction of the electron drift, propagating as a ( reconnection) wave because the current is carried by electrons, although the wave direction can change in the presence of a substantial ion flow. However, in the hybrid simulations here, as is the case for typical conditions at the magnetopause and magnetotail, ions carry the bulk of the current, and the observed asymmetry is found to be due to ion flow and not a wave motion unless the extent of finite resistivity in the third dimension is very thin, comparable to the current sheet thickness. Thus aside from scenarios where electrons are the dominant current carriers, such as very thin current sheets that are on electron scales, we do not expect the reconnection wave to form. This result is relevant to the magnetotail where dawn-dusk asymmetries are observed in the motions of auroral brightenings and surges, as well as in the statistical location of pressure decreases, flows, and magnetic signatures associated with the near-Earth neutral line and early plasmoids. We attribute the observed dawn-dusk asymmetries to ion flows. One interesting question left for future work is the possibility that reconnection waves may form in thin electron-scale current layers that are sometimes observed embedded within a thicker sheet in the magnetotail. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karimabadi, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM homa@ece.uscd.edu NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A9 AR A09205 DI 10.1029/2004JA010478 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 857OP UT WOS:000224127500003 ER PT J AU Stephan, AW Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP AF Stephan, AW Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP TI Oxygen aurora during the recovery phase of a major geomagnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE oxygen ion; precipitation; magnetic storm; aurora; ultraviolet; remote sensing ID MIDDLE ULTRAVIOLET DAYGLOW; ENERGETIC O+ PRECIPITATION; TERRESTRIAL RING CURRENT; 2 MAGNETIC STORMS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; ROCKET OBSERVATION; IONS; EMISSIONS; SATELLITE; DYNAMICS AB [ 1] We have analyzed ultraviolet spectra measured in the postsunset auroral zone on 16 July 2000, during the recovery phase of the major geomagnetic storm of 14 - 16 July 2000. We find enhanced oxygen ion and neutral line emissions above 300 km in the postsunset sector of the auroral oval during the initial fast recovery phase of the storm, also called the Bastille Day storm. No comparable emissions are seen in simultaneous measurements of nitrogen and hydrogen emission features, indicating that these features are not related to electron or proton aurora. The enhancements are seen slightly equatorward of all other nitrogen line and band emissions that are presumed to comprise the nominal diffuse electron auroral oval. On the basis of the altitude profile, location, and timing of the enhancements, we interpret these oxygen emissions as a product of precipitating ring current oxygen ions in the auroral atmosphere, possibly after pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. These emissions may provide an important measure of the contribution of collisions and charge exchange interactions to the loss of oxygen ions and the recovery of geomagnetic storms and substorms. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7643, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.stephan@nrl.navy.mil OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A9 AR A09208 DI 10.1029/2004JA010557 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 857OP UT WOS:000224127500007 ER PT J AU Cartin, D Khanna, G Bojowald, M AF Cartin, D Khanna, G Bojowald, M TI Generating function techniques for loop quantum cosmology SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY AB Loop quantum cosmology leads to a difference equation for the wavefunction of a universe, which, in general, has solutions changing rapidly even when the volume changes only slightly. For a semiclassical regime, such small-scale oscillations must be suppressed by choosing the parameters of the solution appropriately. For anisotropic models, this is not possible to do numerically by trial and error; instead, it is shown here, for the Bianchi I LRS model, how this can be done analytically, by using generating function techniques. Those techniques can also be applied to more complicated models, and the results gained allow conclusions about initial value problems for other systems. C1 USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Long Isl Univ, Southampton Coll, Div Nat Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RP Cartin, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, 197 Elliot St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM cartin@naps.edu; gkhanna@umassd.edu; mabo@aei.mpg.de OI Cartin, Daniel/0000-0001-8896-053X NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 21 IS 18 BP 4495 EP 4509 AR PII S0264-9381(04)81246-2 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/21/18/014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 861NK UT WOS:000224423300014 ER PT J AU Kirkendall, CK Dandridge, A AF Kirkendall, CK Dandridge, A TI Overview of high performance fibre-optic sensing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID PHASE NOISE; INTERFEROMETRIC SENSORS; OPTIC SENSORS; ARRAYS; FLUCTUATIONS; ELIMINATION; SYSTEMS; CARRIER; SCHEME AB An overview of fibre-optic interferometry based sensing is given, particularly as it applies to high-performance sensing applications. The operation of a fibre-optic interferometer as a sensor is reviewed. The sensitivity limitations of a fibre-optic sensor are derived, and the system impact of multiplexing many sensors together is explored. A review of the development of the fibre-optic acoustic transducer is presented, as well as system applications and future trends in fibre-optic interferometric sensing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirkendall, CK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clay.kirkendall@nrl.navy.mil; adandrid@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 6 U2 49 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 18 BP R197 EP R216 AR PII S0022-3727(04)39793-7 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/18/R01 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 861LM UT WOS:000224418000001 ER PT J AU Atoyan, A Dermer, CD AF Atoyan, A Dermer, CD TI Synchrotron versus compton interpretations for extended X-ray jets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-SCALE JETS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-SOURCES; M87 JET; RADIATION; 3C-273; VARIABILITY; LUMINOSITY; EMISSION AB A widely discussed explanation for the origin of the X-ray emission observed from knots in extended quasar jets with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is Compton-scattered cosmic microwave background radiation by electrons with Lorentz factors gamma' similar to 10(2). This model faces difficulties in terms of total energy requirements and in explaining the spatial profiles of the radio, optical, and X-ray knots in sources such as PKS 0637-752, 3C 273, or PKS 1127-145. These difficulties can be resolved in the framework of one- and two-component synchrotron models. We propose a model in which the broadband radio-to-X-ray synchrotron emission in quasar jets is powered by collimated beams of ultrahigh energy neutrons and gamma-rays formed in the subparsec-scale jets. The decay of the neutral beam in the intergalactic medium drives relativistic shocks to accelerate nonthermal electrons of the ambient medium. A second synchrotron component arises from the injection of leptons with Lorentz factors >> 10(7) that appear in the extended jet in the process of decay of ultrahigh energy gamma-rays. This approach could account for qualitative differences in the extended X-ray jets of Fanaroff-Riley (FR) 1 and 2 galaxies. Detection of high-energy neutrinos from blazars and core-dominated quasars will provide strong evidence for this model. C1 Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NRL, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM atoyan@crm.umontreal.ca; dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2004 VL 613 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1086/422499 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 856VW UT WOS:000224074400014 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Smith, HA Fischer, J Cernicharo, J AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Smith, HA Fischer, J Cernicharo, J TI The far-infrared spectrum of Arp 220 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : individual (Arp 220); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radiative transfer ID ULTRALUMINOUS IRAS GALAXIES; FINE-STRUCTURE EXCITATION; OH MEGAMASER GALAXIES; MICRON LINE DEFICIT; ARP 220; WATER-VAPOR; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STARBURST GALAXY AB Infrared Space Observatory Long Wavelength Spectrometer grating observations of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220 shows absorption in molecular lines of OH, H2O, CH, NH, and NH3, as well as in the [O I] 63 mum line and emission in the [C II] 158 mum line. We have modeled the continuum and the emission/absorption of all observed features by means of a nonlocal radiative transfer code. The continuum from 25 to 1300 mum is modeled as a warm (106 K) nuclear region that is optically thick in the far-infrared, attenuated by an extended region (2") that is heated mainly through absorption of nuclear infrared radiation. The molecular absorption in the nuclear region is characterized by high excitation due to the high-infrared radiation density. The OH column densities are high toward the nucleus (2-6 x 10(17) cm(-2)) and the extended region (similar to2 x 10(17) cm(-2)). The H2O column density is also high toward the nucleus (2-10 x 10(17) cm(-2)) and lower in the extended region. The column densities in a halo that accounts for the absorption in the lowest lying lines are similar to what are found in the diffuse clouds toward the star-forming regions in the Sgr B2 molecular cloud complex near the Galactic center. Most notable are the high column densities found for NH and NH3 toward the nucleus, with values of similar to1.5 x 10(16) cm(-2) and similar to3 x 10(16) cm(-2), respectively, whereas the NH2 column density is lower than similar to2 x 10(15) cm(-2). A combination of photodissociation regions (PDRs) in the extended region and hot cores with enhanced H2O photodissociation and a possible shock contribution in the nuclei may explain the relative column densities of OH and H2O, whereas the nitrogen chemistry may be strongly affected by cosmic-ray ionization. The [C II] 158 mum line is well reproduced by our models and its "deficit'' relative to the C II/far-IR ratio in normal and starburst galaxies is suggested to be mainly a consequence of the dominant non-PDR component of far-infrared radiation, although our models alone cannot rule out extinction effects in the nuclei. C1 Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CSIC, IEM, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), CSIC, IEM, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es NR 75 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2004 VL 613 IS 1 BP 247 EP 261 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 856VW UT WOS:000224074400021 ER PT J AU Sivaprakasam, V Huston, AL Scotto, C Eversole, JD AF Sivaprakasam, V Huston, AL Scotto, C Eversole, JD TI Multiple UV wavelength excitation and fluorescence of bioaerosols SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL DETECTION AB A two-wavelength laser-induced fluorescence technique is described for detecting and classifying biological aerosols. Single aerosols, smaller than 10 m m, are interrogated with 266 nm and 355 nm laser pulses separated in time by 400 ns. Fluorescence signals excited by these pulses are detected in three broad spectral bands centered at 350 nm, 450 nm and 550 nm. The results indicate that bacterial spores, vegetative bacterial cells and proteins can be differentiated based on the two wavelength excitation approach. Estimates of the fluorescence cross sections for 16 bioaerosol simulants and interferents are presented. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sivaprak@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 20 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 19 BP 4457 EP 4466 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.004457 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 855KG UT WOS:000223971500014 PM 19483996 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Chan, PK Li, RR AF Gao, BC Chan, PK Li, RR TI A global water vapor data set obtained by merging the SSMI and MODIS data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITABLE WATER; OCEAN ALGORITHM; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVALS; CLOUDS AB At present, the column amount of atmospheric water vapor over clear land surfaces and over oceanic areas with sun glint is operationally retrieved from radiances measured with near-IR channels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecraft platforms. TPW over oceans has also been derived operationally from radiances measured by the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSMI) on board different spacecraft. We report in this letter that a global water vapor data product with improved quality can be obtained by merging the monthly-mean MODIS near-IR TPW data over land and the SSMI TPW data over water surfaces. Major characteristics of the seasonal variations of TPW are described. Examples of water vapor anomalies associated with the 2002 El Nino event are presented. We expect that the merged TPW data product will have useful applications for the study of the global hydrological cycle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Syst Sci & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 18 AR L18103 DI 10.1029/2004GL020656 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 857NC UT WOS:000224123100005 ER PT J AU von Engeln, A Teixeira, J AF von Engeln, A Teixeira, J TI A ducting climatology derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts global analysis fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ducting climatology; radio occultation; planetary boundary layer ID RADIO OCCULTATION SIGNALS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERE; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; INVERSION; CLOUDS AB A global ducting climatology based on 6 years of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data is presented. The ECMWF data have a resolution of 1.5degrees, 60 vertical levels, and a 6-hour daily frequency. Ducting probability, altitude, layer thickness, and magnitude are calculated for different seasons and universal times by analyzing the refractivity gradient with respect to altitude. Owing to the limited ECMWF vertical resolution, presented results are restricted to the lowest 2-2.5 km of the atmosphere. The climatology has mainly been generated for radio occultation data analysis, where ducting events found at higher altitudes are generally not affecting the signal acquisition. Since ducting is so much associated with boundary layer inversions and in the subtropics with cloud-topped boundary layers, this study can also be used as an inversion climatology. High ducting probabilities (approximate to100%) are found off the west coasts of the Americas, Africa, and Australia in typical stratocumulus conditions. High probability is also observed over the Arabian Sea, with large seasonal variations. Polar nights lead to high ducting probabilities, especially visible over Antarctica but also over Greenland and Siberia. The daily cycle of the probabilities shows the impact of radiative cooling during the night over desert and tundra areas. Maximum mean ducting altitudes are found further off the west coasts. Land-based ducting events are generally near the surface. The mean ducting layer thickness is higher over the sea, with maximum thicknesses of up to 250 m. The mean magnitude of ducting is usually just below the critical gradient. C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Otto Hahn Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM engeln@uni-bremen.de; teixeira@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D18 AR D18104 DI 10.1029/2003JD004380 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857NG UT WOS:000224123500002 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, B Xu, X McVey, DS Vaudo, RP Brandes, GR AF Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, B Xu, X McVey, DS Vaudo, RP Brandes, GR TI Room temperature hall mobilities above 1900cm(2)/Vs in MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SCATTERING AB Air AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure has been grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a free-standing hydride vapour phase epitaxy-grown GaN substrate with a threading dislocation density of similar to8 x 106 cm(-2). A room temperature Hall mobility of 1920 cm(2)/V s with a street carrier density of 0.91 x 10(13) cm(-2) was measured. This is the highest room temperature electron mobility reported for an MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN structure. HEMTs fabricated on this material displayed excellent pinch-off. low gate leakage currents, and an off-state breakdown of 90 V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 19 BP 1226 EP 1227 DI 10.1049/el:20045859 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 890BF UT WOS:000226486000044 ER PT J AU Crum, NF AF Crum, NF TI Bacterial pyomyositis in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; TROPICAL PYOMYOSITIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NONTROPICAL PYOMYOSITIS; STREPTOCOCCAL PYOMYOSITIS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PSOAS ABSCESS; TEMPERATE CLIMATE AB The incidence of reported bacterial pyomyositis is increasing in the United States, especially among immunocompromised persons. This review summarizes all reported cases of pyomyositis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons worldwide and HIV-negative persons in the United States since 1981. During the era of combination anfiretroviral therapy, bacterial pyomyositis among HIV-infected persons typically occurred in those with end-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Among non-HIV-infected patients, about half have a serious underlying medical problem, most commonly diabetes mellitus, malignancy, or a rheumatologic condition. These patients are more likely to have a gram-negative infection, a normal white blood cell count, multifocal involvement, or higher mortality than those without an underlying medical condition. The characteristics of cases in temperate areas are similar to tropical cases, except that the former occurs more often in immunocompromised persons; this may change with the HIV epidemic in tropical regions. (C) 2004 by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@iimcsd.med.navy.mil NR 149 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 117 IS 6 BP 420 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.031 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 855VT UT WOS:000224003700007 PM 15380499 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Rosen, R Jones-Meehan, J Spargo, BJ Belkin, S Ringeisen, BR AF Barron, JA Rosen, R Jones-Meehan, J Spargo, BJ Belkin, S Ringeisen, BR TI Biological laser printing of genetically modified Escherichia coli for biosensor applications SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biological laser printing (BioLp (TM)); whole-cell biosensors; bacteria-based biosensors ID CELL SENSING SYSTEMS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BIOTERRORISM; RECOGNITION; THREAT; LUX AB One of the primary requirements of cell- or tissue-based sensors is the placement of cells and cellular material at or near the sensing elements of the device. The ability to achieve precise, reproducible and rapid placement of cells is the focus of this study. We have developed a technique, biological laser printing or BioLP(TM), which satisfies these requirements and has advantages over current technologies. BioLp(TM) is capable of rapidly depositing patterns of active biomolecules and living cells onto a variety of material surfaces. Unlike ink jet or manual spotting techniques, this process delivers small volume (nl to fl) aliquots of biomaterials without the use of an orifice, thus eliminating potential clogging issues and enabling diverse classes of biomaterials to be deposited. This report describes the use of this laser-based printing method to transfer genetically-modified-bacteria capable of responding to various chemical stressors; onto agar-coated slides and into microtiter plates. The BioLp(TM) technology enables smaller spot sizes, increased resolution, and improved reproducibility compared to related technologies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Sect,Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Grad Sch Appl Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Sect,Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Bldg 207,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisn@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Belkin, Shimshon/A-8947-2008; OI Belkin, Shimshon/0000-0001-8283-1673 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 246 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.bios..2004.01.011 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 856GT UT WOS:000224034400015 PM 15308228 ER PT J AU Jin, ZQ Thadhani, NN McGill, M Li, J Ding, Y Wang, ZL Zeng, H Chen, M Cheng, SF Liu, JP AF Jin, ZQ Thadhani, NN McGill, M Li, J Ding, Y Wang, ZL Zeng, H Chen, M Cheng, SF Liu, JP TI Grain size dependence of magnetic properties in shock synthesized bulk Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; POWDER MIXTURES; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONSOLIDATION; COMPRESSION; COMPACTION AB The structural and magnetic properties of the melt-spun Pr2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposite powders consolidated via shock-wave compression and subjected to postshock thermal treatment were investigated. Shock compression results in grain refinement, which leads to a reduction of an effective anisotropy and therefore an increase in the ferromagnetic exchange length, resulting in an enhanced exchange coupling in fully consolidated bulk magnets. A small amount of amorphous phase formed during the shock compression were observed to crystallize into Pr2Fe14B upon annealing above 600 degreesC. The heat treatment also results in the recovery of coercivity partially lost during the consolidation, which can be related directly to the dependence of the effective anisotropy on the grain size, as illustrated by the transmission electron microscopy observation of grain refinement in the shock-consolidated bulk samples. A uniform grain morphology is suggested as a means for further increasing the magnetic properties of bulk nanocomposites. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jin, ZQ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM naresh.thadhani@mse.gatech.edu; pliu@uta.edu RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Zeng, Hao/E-1994-2012 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 3452 EP 3457 DI 10.1063/1.1782956 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 851XO UT WOS:000223720000066 ER PT J AU Hopp, B Smausz, T Antal, Z Kresz, N Bor, Z Chrisey, D AF Hopp, B Smausz, T Antal, Z Kresz, N Bor, Z Chrisey, D TI Absorbing film assisted laser induced forward transfer of fungi (Trichoderma conidia) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN DEPOSITION; BIOSENSORS; CELLS AB We present an investigation on absorbing film assisted laser induced forward transfer (AFA-LIFT) of fungus (Trichoderma) conidia. A KrF excimer laser beam [lambda=248 nm,FWHM=30 ns (FWHM, full width at half maximum)] was directed through a quartz plate and focused onto its silver coated surface where conidia of the Trichoderma strain were uniformly spread. The laser fluence was varied in the range of 0-2600 mJ/cm(2) and each laser pulse transferred a pixel of target material. The average irradiated area was 8x10(-2) mm(2). After the transfer procedure, the yeast extract medium covered glass slide and the transferred conidia patterns were incubated for 20 h and then observed using an optical microscope. The transferred conidia pixels were germinated and the areas of the culture medium surfaces covered by the pixels were evaluated as a function of laser fluence. As the laser fluence was increased from 0 to 355 mJ/cm(2) the transferred and germinated pixel area increased from 0 to 0.25 mm(2). Further increase in fluence resulted in a drastic decrease down to an approximately constant value of 0.06 mm(2). The yield of successful transfer by AFA-LIFT and germination was as much as 75% at 355 mJ/cm(2). The results prove that AFA-LIFT can successfully be applied for the controlled transfer of biological objects. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Res Grp Laser Phys, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Microbiol Res Grp, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hopp, B (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Dom Ter 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. EM bhopp@physx.u-szeged.hu OI Smausz Kolumban, Tomi/0000-0002-5184-6124 NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 3478 EP 3481 DI 10.1063/1.1782275 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 851XO UT WOS:000223720000071 ER PT J AU Mishchenko, MI Cairns, B Hansen, JE Travis, LD Burg, R Kaufman, YJ Martins, JV Shettle, EP AF Mishchenko, MI Cairns, B Hansen, JE Travis, LD Burg, R Kaufman, YJ Martins, JV Shettle, EP TI Monitoring of aerosol forcing of climate from space: analysis of measurement requirements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing CY SEP 20-OCT 03, 2003 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP NATO, Adv Study Inst DE aerosols; climate forcings; long-term monitoring; remote sensing; polarimetry ID CLOSURE EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OCEAN; RETRIEVALS; SATELLITE; SENSITIVITY; MULTIANGLE; CLOUDS; ACE-2; INSTRUMENT AB We discuss the rationale for long-term monitoring of the global distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols (black carbon, sulfates, mineral aerosols, etc.) and clouds with specificity, accuracy, and coverage sufficient for a reliable quantification of the direct and indirect aerosol effects on climate, the anthropogenic component of these effects, and the long-term change of these effects caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. This discussion is followed by the formulation of specific scientific objectives of the Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor component of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Glory Project established within the framework of the US Climate Change Research Initiative. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mishchenko, MI (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2800 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM crmim@giss.nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; OI Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 NR 50 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.03.030 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 847SQ UT WOS:000223415600016 ER PT J AU Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Hart, M Eversole, J Videen, G AF Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Hart, M Eversole, J Videen, G TI Backscatter of agglomerate particles SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Photopolarimetry in Remote Sensing CY SEP 20-OCT 04, 2003 CL Yalta, UKRAINE SP NATO, Adv Study Inst DE light scattering; bacteria-like particles; negative polarization; opposition effect 2 ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DEFORMED DROPLETS; INCLUSIONS; GRAINS AB We use the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to study the backscatter of agglomerate particles consisting of oblong monomers. We examine the effects of monomer number and packing structure on the resulting negative polarization branch at small phase angle. We find large a dependence on the orientation of the monomers within the agglomerate and a smaller dependence on the number of monomers, suggesting that the mechanism producing the negative polarization minimum depends strongly on the interactions between the individual monomers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, 35 Sumskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM zubko@astron.kharkov.ua NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 88 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.03.026 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 847SQ UT WOS:000223415600017 ER PT J AU Solum, AM Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS AF Solum, AM Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS TI Survival of patients with untreated rectal cancer SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rectal neoplasms; rectal carcinoma; actuarial analysis; natural history; historical data ID PATTERNS AB Background and Objectives: Untreated rectal cancer is uncommon given modern surgical techniques and chemoradiotherapy. However, neglected cancer may still occur in patients with limited access to medical care or who refuse conventional interventions. Outcome data on such patients is scarce, though valuable in educating patients on their prognosis or to compare with present therapeutic options. Methods: To identify such data, a review was made of archival literature documenting outcomes in patients with untreated rectal cancer. A review of the Index Medicus and its predecessor volumes and an extensive MEDLINE search led to nine articles that contained relevant age at presentation data of patients with rectal cancer. Six articles also included patient survival data for untreated rectal cancer. Actuarial analysis of the data through 5 years post-diagnosis was completed. Results: Symptoms most often presented in the fifth and sixth decades. Median survival of the 1326 patients fell within the second year after presentation of symptoms. Five-year actuarial survival for these patients was 4.4%. When the data published prior to 1925 were analyzed separately from that published post-1925, two survival patterns emerged. Median survival of pre-1925 patients fell within the second year after presentation of symptoms (at 21.5 months by curve fitting) and of post-1925 patients fell within the first year (10.2 months). Conclusions: Clearly, advances in antibiotics, surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and supportive care have contributed to increased survival for patients with treated rectal cancer. Recognizing the hazards of generalizing too extremely from the data, they reveal that relatively long survival for patients with untreated lesions is possible. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol & Hematol Oncol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Solum, AM (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM melissasolum@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 851DY UT WOS:000223666900002 PM 15334629 ER PT J AU McCurley, JM Hanlon, SU Wei, SK Wedam, EF Michalski, M Haigney, MC AF McCurley, JM Hanlon, SU Wei, SK Wedam, EF Michalski, M Haigney, MC TI Furosemide and the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in experimental heart failure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; BETA-ADRENERGIC RESPONSIVENESS; KINASE-A HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; NA+-CA2+ EXCHANGER; DISEASE; SOLVD; SPIRONOLACTONE; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT AB OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that furosemide accelerates the progression of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a tachycardia-induced porcine model of heart failure. BACKGROUND Furosemide activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Such activation may contribute to CHF progression, but prospective data are lacking. METHODS Thirty-two Yorkshire pigs were randomized to furosemide (1 mg/kg intramuscularly daily, mean 16.1 +/- 0.9 mg) or placebo. Thereafter, a pacing model of heart failure was utilized to produce systolic dysfunction in both sets of animals (fractional shortening <0.16 by echocardiogram). The goal was to determine if furosemide would accelerate the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in the "treated" group. After sacrifice, sodium-calcium exchanger currents and their responsiveness to isoproterenol were measured during voltage clamp. All investigators were blinded to treatment assignment. RESULTS Furosemide shortened the time to left ventricular dysfunction (35.1 +/- 5.1 days in placebo versus 21.4 +/- 3.2 days for furosemide animals; p = 0.038, log-rank test). By day 14, aldosterone levels were significantly higher in furosemide animals (43.0 +/- 11.8 ng/dl vs. 17.6 +/- 4.5 ng/dl; p < 0.05). Serum sodium was reduced (133.0 +/- 0.9 mmol/l furosemide vs. 135.7 0.8 mmol/l placebo; p < 0.05), but no difference in norepinephrine, potassium, magnesium, creatinine, or urea nitrogen was present. Basal sodium-calcium exchanger currents were significantly increased and isoproterenol responsiveness depressed by furosemide. CONCLUSIONS Tachycardic pigs given furosemide had significant acceleration of both contractile and metabolic features of CHF, including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, elevated serum aldosterone levels, and altered calcium handling in a controlled experimental model of heart failure. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Cardiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Haigney, MC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, Room A3060,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mhaigney@usuhs.mil OI Wedam, Erich/0000-0003-3878-2100 NR 33 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.059 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 854XM UT WOS:000223937200024 PM 15364336 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Bentley, SJ Vaughan, WC Blain, CA AF Keen, TR Bentley, SJ Vaughan, WC Blain, CA TI The generation and preservation of multiple hurricane beds in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Storms and Their Significance in Coasted Morpho-Sedimentary Dynamics CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2001 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Geophys Union DE hurricanes; numerical models; event beds; geochronology; Gulf of Mexico ID WASHINGTON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; COASTAL REGIONS; EVENT BED; STRATIFICATION; FLOW; USA; ENVIRONMENT; SEQUENCES AB Cores collected from Mississippi Sound and the inner shelf of the northeast Gulf of Mexico have been examined using Pb-210 and (CS)-C-137 geochronology, X-radiography, gramilometty, and a multi-sensor core logger. The results indicate that widespread event layers were probably produced by an unnamed hurricane in 1947 and by Hurricane Camille in 1969. Physical and biological post-depositional processes have reworked the event layers, producing regional discontinuities and localized truncation, and resulting in an imperfect and biased record of sedimentary processes during the storms. The oceanographic and sedimentological processes that produced these event beds have been simulated using a suite of numerical models: (1) a parametric cyclone wind model; (2) the SWAN third-generation wave model; (3) the ADCIRC 2D finite-element hydrodynamic model; (4) the Princeton Ocean Model; (5) a coupled wave-current bottom boundary layer-sedimentation model; and (6) a model for bed preservation potential as a function of burial rate and bioturbation rate. Simulated cores from the Mississippi Sound region are consistent with the observed stratigraphy and geochronology on both the landward and seaward sides of the barrier islands. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Studies Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keen@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 45 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 210 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 79 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.022 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 853TH UT WOS:000223851300006 ER PT J AU Calantoni, J Holland, KT Drake, TG AF Calantoni, J Holland, KT Drake, TG TI Modelling sheet-flow sediment transport in wave-bottom boundary layers using discrete-element modelling SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Discrete-Element Modelling CY APR 23-24, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Nat Environm Res Council DE sediment transport; bed load; wave-bottom boundary layer; discrete-element model; non-spherical particle ID PARTICLES AB Sediment transport in oscillatory boundary layers is a process that drives coastal geomorphological change. Most formulae for bed-load transport in nearshore regions subsume the smallest-scale physics of the phenomena by parametrizing interactions amongst particles. In contrast, we directly simulate granular physics in the wave-bottom boundary layer using a discrete-element model comprised of a three-dimensional particle phase coupled to a one-dimensional fluid phase via Newton's third law through forces of buoyancy, drag and added mass. The particulate sediment phase is modelled using discrete particles formed to approximate natural grains by overlapping two spheres. Both the size of each sphere and the degree of overlap can be varied for these composite particles to generate a range of non-spherical grains. Simulations of particles having a range of shapes showed that the critical angle-the angle at which a grain pile will fail when tilted slowly from rest-increases from approximately 26degrees for spherical particles to nearly 39degrees for highly non-spherical composite particles having a dumbbell shape. Simulations of oscillatory sheet flow were conducted using composite particles with an angle of repose of approximately 33degrees and a Corey shape factor greater than about 0.8, similar to the properties of beach sand. The results from the sheet-flow simulations with composite particles agreed more closely with laboratory measurements than similar simulations conducted using spherical particles. The findings suggest that particle shape may be ail important factor for determining bed-load flux, particularly for larger bed slopes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Off Naval Res, Coastal Geosci Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Calantoni, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7440-3,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joec@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 362 IS 1822 BP 1987 EP 2001 DI 10.1098/rsta.2004.1427 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 850TV UT WOS:000223636600011 PM 15306426 ER PT J AU Ajtic, JV Connor, BJ Lawrence, BN Bodeker, GE Hoppel, KW Rosenfield, JE Heuff, DN AF Ajtic, JV Connor, BJ Lawrence, BN Bodeker, GE Hoppel, KW Rosenfield, JE Heuff, DN TI Dilution of the Antarctic ozone hole into southern midlatitudes, 1998-2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; POAM-III OBSERVATIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; GLOBAL IMPACT; 3-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT; MIXING PROPERTIES; AIR; DEPLETION; TROPOSPHERE AB [1] The reduction in southern midlatitude ozone is quantified by evaluating the trajectories of ozone-depleted air masses, assuming that photochemical recovery of ozone in advected air parcels can be ignored. This procedure is carried out for the 3 months from 15 October to 15 January for each of the years 1998, 1999, and 2000. Two distinct source regions, the vortex core and the vortex edge, are considered, and for each day, diabatic reverse domain filling calculations are performed for an ensemble of parcels between 30 degreesS and 60 degreesS and 400 - 700 K in altitude. In 1998, 1999, and 2000 the mean calculated ozone reduction is 16, 18, and 19 DU, respectively. Air parcels from the vortex edge region are significant contributors to the reduction, especially during spring. Results for four longitudinal and three latitudinal midlatitude subregions are also presented. A comparison with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer measurements of total column ozone shows that without the dilution, ozone over Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes would be 5 - 6% higher during spring and summer. This result is probably an overestimate due to the neglect of photochemical recovery. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Lauder, Omakau 9182, Central Otago, New Zealand. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. Rutherford Appleton Lab, British Atmospher Data Ctr, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Lauder, Privat Bag 50061, Omakau 9182, Central Otago, New Zealand. EM j.ajtic@niwa.co.nz; b.connor_@niwa.co.nz; b.n.lawrence@rl.ac.uk; g.bodeker@niwa.cri.nz; karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil; rose@euterpe.gsfc.nasa.gov; d.heuff@canterbury.ac.nz OI Lawrence, Bryan/0000-0001-9262-7860 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D17 AR D17107 DI 10.1029/2003JD004500 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857NE UT WOS:000224123300004 ER PT J AU Hermanson, G Whitlow, V Parker, S Tonsky, K Rusalov, D Ferrari, M Lalor, P Komai, M Mere, R Bell, M Brenneman, K Mateczun, A Evans, T Kaslow, D Galloway, D Hobart, P AF Hermanson, G Whitlow, V Parker, S Tonsky, K Rusalov, D Ferrari, M Lalor, P Komai, M Mere, R Bell, M Brenneman, K Mateczun, A Evans, T Kaslow, D Galloway, D Hobart, P TI A cationic lipid-formulated plasmid DNA vaccine confers sustained anti body-mediated protection against aerosolized anthrax spores SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LETHAL FACTOR; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; TOXIN; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGE; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; VIRUS AB DNA vaccines provide an attractive technology platform against bioterrorism agents due to their safety record in humans and ease of construction, testing, and manufacture. We have designed monovalent and bivalent anthrax plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines encoding genetically detoxified protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) proteins and tested their immunogenicity and ability to protect rabbits from an aerosolized inhalation spore challenge. Immune responses after two or three injections of cationic lipid-formulated PA, PA plus LF, or LF pDNAs were at least equivalent to two doses of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). High titers of anti-PA, anti-LF, and neutralizing antibody to lethal toxin (Letx) were achieved in all rabbits. Eight or nine animals in each group were challenged with 100x LD50 of aerosolized anthrax spores 5 or 9 weeks after vaccination. An additional 10 animals vaccinated with PA pDNA were challenged >7 months postvaccination. All animals receiving PA or PA plus LF pDNA vaccines were protected. In addition, 5 of 9 animals receiving LF pDNA survived, and the time to death was significantly delayed in the others. Groups receiving three immunizations with PA or PA plus LF pDNA showed no increase in anti-PA, anti-LF, or Letx neutralizing antibody titers postchallenge, suggesting little or no spore germination. In contrast, titer increases were seen in AVA animals, and in surviving animals vaccinated with LF pDNA alone. Preclinical evaluation of this cationic lipid-formulated bivalent PA and LF vaccine is complete, and the vaccine has received U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug allowance. C1 Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hermanson, G (reprint author), Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM ghermanson@vical.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R41 AI 053060-01, R41 AI053060] NR 29 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 14 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 37 BP 13601 EP 13606 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405557101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 854QH UT WOS:000223917900038 PM 15342913 ER PT J AU Tischler, JG Freitas, JA AF Tischler, JG Freitas, JA TI Anharmonic decay of phonons in strain-free wurtzite AlN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LATTICE VIBRATION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BULK ALN; SPECTRA; LIFETIMES; CRYSTALS; INDEX; FILMS AB We present Raman scattering measurements on high-quality freestanding AlN single crystals. Polarization studies provide clear identification of all allowed phonons. We report the smallest phonon linewidths observed in AlN, which provide a direct measurement of the anharmonic decay of phonons in this material. Also from the Raman mode frequencies and reported index of refraction values we estimated the ordinary and extraordinary dielectric constant values. The calculated values are considerably different from previously reported values of the dielectric constant of AlN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tischler, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tischler@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1943 EP 1945 DI 10.1063/1.1787957 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 854SJ UT WOS:000223923300025 ER PT J AU Li, JV Chuang, SL Jackson, EM Aifer, E AF Li, JV Chuang, SL Jackson, EM Aifer, E TI Minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime for electrons in a type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS-GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICES; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; DETECTORS AB We use the electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) technique to investigate carrier transport characteristics in a type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiode with cutoff wavelength at 7.7 mum. We use a theoretical model that includes an extended generation source and depletion region to simulate the EBIC current on both sides of the p-n junction. The electron minority diffusion length in the p-superlattice, L-e, is extracted from the simulation, from which the electron lifetime tau(e) is obtained. L-e increases from 0.275 mum at 5.3 K to 0.355 mum at 100 K. tau(e) drops from 1.5 ns at 5.3 K to 0.13 ns at 100 K. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, JV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM s-chuang@uiuc.edu RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1984 EP 1986 DI 10.1063/1.1787598 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 854SJ UT WOS:000223923300039 ER PT J AU Zavala, RT Taylor, GB AF Zavala, RT Taylor, GB TI A view through Faraday's fog. II. Parsec-scale rotation measures in 40 active galactic nuclei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : jets; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies ID VARIABLE RADIO-SOURCES; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; POLARIZATION PROPERTIES; QUASAR CORES; UPPER LIMITS; VLBI; JET; GHZ; VARIABILITY AB Results from a survey of the parsec-scale Faraday rotation measure (RM) properties for 40 quasars, radio galaxies, and BL Lac objects are presented. Core RMs for quasars vary from approximately 500 to several thousand rad m(-2). Quasar jets have RMs that are typically 500 rad m(-2) or less. The cores and jets of the BL Lac objects have RMs similar to those found in quasar jets. The jets of radio galaxies exhibit a range of RMs from a few hundred to almost 10,000 rad m(-2) for the jet of M87. Radio galaxy cores are generally depolarized, and only one of four radio galaxies (3C 120) has a detectable RM in the core. Several potential identities for the foreground Faraday screen are considered, and we believe the most promising candidate for all the active galactic nucleus types considered is a screen in close proximity to the jet. This constrains the path length to approximately 10 pc, and magnetic field strengths of approximately 1 muG can account for the observed RMs. For 27 out of 34 quasars and BL Lac objects, their optically thick cores have good agreement with a lambda(2) law. This requires the different tau=1 surfaces to have the same intrinsic polarization angle independent of the observed frequency and distance from the black hole. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Zavala, RT (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; gtaylor@nrao.edu RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 67 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP 749 EP 779 DI 10.1086/422741 PN 1 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XW UT WOS:000223791100016 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Fiorito, R AF Titarchuk, L Fiorito, R TI Spectral index and quasi-periodic oscillation frequency correlation in black hole sources: Observational evidence of two phases and phase transition in black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; stars : oscillations; X-rays : general ID X-RAY BINARIES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; HIGH-ENERGY SPECTRA; NOVA XTE J1550-564; GRS 1915+105; POWER-LAW; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; MASS DETERMINATION; RXTE OBSERVATIONS AB Recent studies have shown that strong correlations are observed between the low frequencies ( 1 - 10 Hz) of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the spectral power law index of several black hole (BH) candidate sources, in low ( hard) states, steep power law ( soft) states, and transitions between these states. The observations indicate that the X-ray spectra of such state (phases) show the presence of a power-law component and are sometimes related to simultaneous radio emission, indicating the probable presence of a jet. Strong QPOs (> 20% rms) are present in the power density spectrum in the spectral range where the power-law component is dominant (i.e., 60% - 90%). This evidence contradicts the dominant, long-standing interpretation of QPOs as a signature of the thermal accretion disk. We present the data from the literature and our own data to illustrate the dominance of power-law index - QPO frequency correlations. We provide a model that identifies and explains the origin of the QPOs and how they are imprinted on the properties of the power-law flux component. We argue for the existence of a bounded compact coronal region that is a natural consequence of the adjustment of the Keplerian disk flow to the innermost sub-Keplerian boundary conditions near the central object and that ultimately leads to the formation of a transition layer (TL) between the adjustment radius and the innermost boundary. The model predicts two phases or states dictated by the photon upscattering produced in the TL: (1) a hard state, in which the TL is optically thin and very hot (kT greater than or similar to 50 keV), producing photon upscattering via thermal Comptonization ( the photon spectrum index Gamma similar to 1.7 for this state is dictated by gravitational energy release and Compton cooling in an optically thin shock near the adjustment radius), and ( 2) a soft state that is optically thick and relatively cold (kT less than or similar to 5 keV; the index for this state, Gamma similar to 2.8, is determined by soft-photon upscattering and photon trapping in a converging flow into the BH). In the TL model for the corona, the QPO frequency nu(high) is related to the gravitational (close to Keplerian) frequency nu(K) at the outer (adjustment) radius and nu(low) is related to the TL's normal mode (magnetoacoustic) oscillation frequency nu(MA). The observed correlations between index and low and high QPO frequencies are readily explained in terms of this model. We also suggest a new method for evaluation of the BH mass using the index-frequency correlation. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Ctr Earth Observ & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lev.titarchuk@nrl.navy.mil; rfiorito@umd.edu NR 63 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP 988 EP 999 DI 10.1086/422573 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XW UT WOS:000223791100037 ER PT J AU Woo, R Habbal, SR Feldman, U AF Woo, R Habbal, SR Feldman, U TI Role of closed magnetic fields in solar wind flow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION-LINE; CORONA; SUN; POLARIZATION; INSTRUMENT; ABUNDANCE; ULYSSES; SLOW AB In this paper we demonstrate how closed magnetic fields appear to be playing a significant role in solar wind flow. Confinement or trapping of plasma is the physical process, while confinement duration, as characterized by the first ionization potential (FIP) bias, is the attribute that divides the fast- and slow-wind regions. The trapped plasma is released along ubiquitous and predominantly radial open field lines, presumably by continual reconnection at the base of the corona, with evidence for this process coming from the appearance of the imprint of polar coronal holes, quiet Sun, and active regions in the outer corona and interplanetary space. When trapping is not long enough to enrich the elemental abundance ( FIP bias near 1), the coronal radial density gradient is steep, coronal temperature is low, and a fast wind flows in the overlying corona. However, the presence of closed fields still influences the flow of the fast wind, as revealed by the fact that flow speed is anticorrelated with, or characterized by, the density at the base of the corona. When trapping is long enough to enrich the abundance (FIP bias > 1), a slow wind flows, and FIP bias characterizes its properties. Enhanced FIP bias gives rise to a decreased coronal radial density gradient, as manifested by the extension of coronal streamers in white-light coronal images, increased coronal temperature, and decreased solar wind speed in the overlying corona. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 1800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-725, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM richard.woo@jpl.nasa.gov; sdh@aber.ac.uk; uri.feldman@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP 1171 EP 1174 DI 10.1086/422799 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XW UT WOS:000223791100055 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Footpoint switching and the evolution of coronal holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ROTATION; INFLOWS; RECONNECTION; BOUNDARY; MODEL; CYCLE; FLUX; JETS; SUN AB We discuss the role of footpoint exchanges between open and closed magnetic field lines ( also known as "interchange reconnection'') in the formation and rotational evolution of coronal holes. Such exchanges cause open flux to jump from one location to another when active regions emerge; they also act to untie the rotation of coronal holes from that of the underlying plasma. We introduce a quantitative measure of the footpoint exchange rate and apply it to a variety of idealized configurations. During the formation of coronal holes, footpoint switching dominates over the creation of new open flux if the background ( or polar) field is strong compared to that of the emerging active region, so the latter acts to change mainly the direction rather than the magnitude of the Sun's dipole vector. The principal role of footpoint exchanges is to counteract the subsequent rotational shearing of the holes; this result is accomplished by means of continual sideways displacements of open and closed field lines along the hole boundaries. Because the timescale for rotational shearing ( similar to 3 months) is less than that for the decay of the Sun's large-scale nonaxisymmetric field ( similar to 1 yr), interchange reconnection is expected on average to dominate over the closing down of flux throughout the solar cycle. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil; sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP 1196 EP 1205 DI 10.1086/422711 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XW UT WOS:000223791100059 ER PT J AU Gates, E Gyuk, G Harris, HC Subbarao, M Anderson, S Kleinman, SJ Liebert, J Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Long, D Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA AF Gates, E Gyuk, G Harris, HC Subbarao, M Anderson, S Kleinman, SJ Liebert, J Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Long, D Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA TI Discovery of new ultracool white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (SDSS j0854-35, SDSS J0947-44, SDSS J1001-39, SDSS J1220-09, SDSS J1403-45); white dwarfs ID VERY-LOW LUMINOSITY; 1ST DATA RELEASE; GALACTIC DISK; COOL; ATMOSPHERES; SYSTEM; STARS; AGE AB We report the discovery of five new white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Four are ultracool, exhibiting strong collision-induced absorption (CIA) from molecular hydrogen and are similar in color to the three previously known coolest white dwarfs, SDSS J1337 + 00, LHS 3250, and LHS 1402. The fifth star shows milder CIA flux suppression and has a color and spectral shape similar to WD 0346 + 246. All five new white dwarfs are faint (g > 18.9) and have significant proper motions. One of the new ultracool white dwarfs, SDSS J0947, appears to be in a binary system with a slightly warmer (T-eff similar to 5000 K) white dwarf companion. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gates, E (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM gates@oddjob.uchicago.edu NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP L129 EP L132 DI 10.1086/424568 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XX UT WOS:000223791200011 ER PT J AU Zucker, DB Kniazev, AY Bell, EF Martinez-Delgado, D Grebel, EK Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Holtzman, JA Walterbos, RAM Annis, J York, DG Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J Brewington, H Harvanek, M Hennessy, G Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA AF Zucker, DB Kniazev, AY Bell, EF Martinez-Delgado, D Grebel, EK Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Holtzman, JA Walterbos, RAM Annis, J York, DG Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J Brewington, H Harvanek, M Hennessy, G Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Newman, PR Nitta, A Snedden, SA TI Andromeda IX: A new dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (Andromeda V, andromeda IX); Local Group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; DATA RELEASE; LOCAL GROUP; PHOTOIONIZATION; COMPANIONS; SYSTEM; SEARCH; HALO AB We report the discovery of a new dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31, Andromeda IX, based on resolved stellar photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using both SDSS and public archival data, we have estimated its distance and other physical properties, and compared these to the properties of a previously known dwarf spheroidal companion, Andromeda V, also observed by SDSS. Andromeda IX is the lowest surface brightness galaxy found to date (mu(V,0) similar to 26.8 mag arcsec(-2)), and at the distance we estimate from the position of the tip of Andromeda IX's red giant branch, (m - M)(0) similar to 24.5 (805 kpc), Andromeda IX would also be the faintest galaxy known (M-V similar to - 8.3). C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Basel, Astron Inst, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zucker, DB (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM zucker@mpia.de OI /0000-0002-1891-3794; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 32 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/424691 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 852XX UT WOS:000223791200009 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ AF Roland, CM Ngai, KL Plazek, DJ TI Modes of molecular motion in low molecular weight polystyrene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SELF-DIFFUSION; HYDROGENATED POLYBUTADIENE; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; ENTANGLED POLYMERS; SOFTENING ZONE; MELT RHEOLOGY; BIREFRINGENCE AB The variations with temperature of the viscosity, 1, and the relaxation times for various low molecular weight, unentangled polystyrenes (PS) are analyzed. We find that the temperature dependence of eta does not directly reflect the behavior of the global chain modes. Depending on molecular weight and temperature, eta can exhibit a stronger temperature dependence than even the local segmental modes. However, this is only a consequence of the strong temperature dependence of the recoverable compliance J(s) The Rouse relaxation time, tau(1), deduced from the product of the viscosity and the recoverable compliance, has the expected behavior. For example, this Rouse time for a PS of molecular weight equal to 2 kg/mol. has the same temperature dependence as that for self-diffusion; hence, there is no enhancement of translational diffusion in the polymer. The same conclusion was reached by Urakawa et al. [Urakawa, O.; Swallen, S. F.; Ediger, M. D.; von Meerwall, E. D. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 1558], although the analysis leading to it was different. The conclusion is consistent with two extant explanations of the enhancement of translational diffusion in small molecular glass-formers, one which invokes spatially heterogeneous dynamics and the other ascribing the effect to the different coupling parameters for the translational and rotational correlation functions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 18 BP 7051 EP 7055 DI 10.1021/ma049573c PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 851IA UT WOS:000223677600056 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO AF Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO TI Polymorphism in presolar Al(2)O(3) grains from asymptotic giant branch stars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DUST FEATURES; METEORITES; SHOCKS; AMORPHIZATION; GRAPHITE; EMISSION; STARDUST; SPECTRA; ORIGIN AB We report microstructural and isotopic analyses of two presolar Al(2)O(3) grains. Aluminum oxide is important cosmically, because its presence has been detected in the infrared spectra of the circumstellar envelopes of O-rich asymptotic giant branch stars and because it is predicted to be the first solid to condense in these stellar environments. The two grain structures, one corundum and the other amorphous, confirm that asymptotic giant branch stars produce both phases. The variation in structure and Ti content demonstrates that Al(2)O(3) can condense in the absence of TiO(2) seed clusters but that Ti may be important in determining the crystal structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 35 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5689 BP 1455 EP 1457 DI 10.1126/science.1101099 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 852NK UT WOS:000223761900046 PM 15353800 ER PT J AU Turnbull, PCB Tindall, BW Coetzee, JD Conradie, CM Bull, RL Lindeque, PM Huebschle, OJB AF Turnbull, PCB Tindall, BW Coetzee, JD Conradie, CM Bull, RL Lindeque, PM Huebschle, OJB TI Vaccine-induced protection against anthrax in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE cheetah; rhinoceros; anthrax; vaccination ID LETHAL FACTOR COMPONENTS; ETOSHA-NATIONAL-PARK; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; CONSERVATION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN; HUMANS AB Institution of a policy of vaccination in endangered species with a vaccine not previously administered to it cannot be undertaken lightly. This applies even more in the case of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) with their unusually monomorphic gene pool and the potential restrictions this places on their immune responses. However, the recently observed mortalities from anthrax in these animals in the Etosha National Park, Namibia, made it imperative to evaluate vaccination. Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), another endangered species in the park, have been vaccinated for over three decades but the effectiveness of this has never been evaluated. Passive protection tests in A/J mice using sera from 12 cheetahs together with enzyme immunoassay indicated that cheetah are able to mount seemingly normal primary and secondary humoral immune responses to the Sterne 34F2 live spore livestock vaccine. Overall protection rates in mice injected with the sera rose and fell in concert with rises and declines in antibody titres, although fine analysis showed that the correlation between titre and protection was complex. Once a high level of protection (96% of mice 1 month after a second booster in the cheetahs) had been achieved, the duration of substantial protection appeared good (60% of the mice 5 months after the second booster). Protection conferred on mice by sera from three of four vaccinated rhino was almost complete, but, obscurely, none of the mice receiving serum from the fourth rhino were protected. Sera from three park lions with naturally acquired high antibody titres, included as controls, also conferred high levels of protection. For the purposes of wildlife management, the conclusions were that vaccination of cheetah with the standard animal anthrax vaccine causes no observable ill effect in the animals and does appear to confer protective immunity. At least one well-separated booster does appear to be desirable. Vaccination of rhino also appears to be justified from the limited data obtained. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arjemptur Technol, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. Minist Environm & Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia. Cent Vet Lab, Windhoek, Namibia. AfriCat Fdn, Otjiwarongo, Namibia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Turnbull, PCB (reprint author), Arjemptur Technol, Sci Pk,Dstl,Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. EM peterturnbull@tesco.net NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 3 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 25-26 BP 3340 EP 3347 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.037 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 853GJ UT WOS:000223814900019 PM 15308358 ER PT J AU Rhodes, CP Long, JW Doescher, MS Fontanella, JJ Rolison, DR AF Rhodes, CP Long, JW Doescher, MS Fontanella, JJ Rolison, DR TI Nanoscale polymer electrolytes: Ultrathin electrodeposited poly(phenylene oxide) with solid-state ionic conductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; PROTECTIVE-COATINGS; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; GOLD ELECTRODES; METAL JUNCTIONS AB Incorporating ions within electrodeposited polymer dielectric films creates ultrathin solid electrolytes on a length scale (<50 nm) that bridges molecular electronics and conventional electrochemical devices. Electrooxidation of phenol in basic acetonitrile generates electrodeposited nanoscale (21 +/- 2 nm), pinhole-free poly(phenylene oxide), PPO, films on indium-tin-oxide substrates. Solid-state electrical measurements using top electrode contacts (vapor-deposited An, liquid Hg, or liquid Ga-In eutectic) confirm that these PPO films are electronically insulating (7 +/- 2 x 10(-12) S cm(-1)) with a high dielectric strength (1.7 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) V cm(-1)). The insulating film is converted to an ultrathin solid polymer electrolyte by soaking in a solution of LiClO4-propylene carbonate and then heating under vacuum to remove solvent. Atomic force microscopy establishes that the salt-impregnated film is thicker (43 +/- 10 nm) than the as-prepared PPO film. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements suggest minimal retention of solvent in the film. Electrochemical impedance measurements demonstrate that the incorporated ions are mobile in the solid state with an ionic conductivity of 7 +/- 4 x 10(-10) S cm(-1). Such ultrathin solid polymer electrolytes should enable progress toward nanoscopic solid-state ionic devices and power sources. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 73 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 35 BP 13079 EP 13087 DI 10.1021/jp047671u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 850HC UT WOS:000223600800006 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Evans, R Gilardi, R AF Butcher, RJ Evans, R Gilardi, R TI 2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND BICYCLO-HMX; NITRATION; CRYSTAL AB The structure of 2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one, C4H5N7O7, is reported. The molecule contains two unsymmetrically substituted planar fused five-membered rings with a cis junction between them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gilardi@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 BP O1543 EP O1545 DI 10.1107/S160053680401880X PN 9 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 850PI UT WOS:000223624500099 ER PT J AU Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Jiang, FM Zaveri, NT AF Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Jiang, FM Zaveri, NT TI A novel receptor ligand: 1-(1-cyclooctylpiperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID AGONIST AB The title compound, C21H30N2O, is a member of the family of nociceptin receptor ligands derived from N-(4-piperidinyl)-2-indolinones. Modifications of the piperidine N- substituent can produce both agonists and antagonists, with the title compound being a partial agonist with high affinity. The cyclooctyl ring is disordered over two positions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SRI Int, Biosci Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parrish, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dparrish@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2004 VL 60 BP O1571 EP O1572 DI 10.1107/S1600536804016903 PN 9 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 850PI UT WOS:000223624500109 ER PT J AU Meining, CJ Whiteside, VR McCombe, BD Nickel, HA Petrou, A Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Dzyubenko, AB AF Meining, CJ Whiteside, VR McCombe, BD Nickel, HA Petrou, A Tischler, JG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Dzyubenko, AB TI Internal transitions of charged excitons in AlGaAs/GaAs lateral fluctuation quantum dots SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Optical Properties of 2D Systems with Interacting Carriers CY JUN 10-13, 2004 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP European Phys Soc, Ctr Excellence Program, European Community, USN ARL-ERO, State Comm Sci Res ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; WELLS; MAGNETOEXCITONS AB Low temperature measurements of magneto-photoluminescence and optically detected resonance spectroscopy in magnetic fields up to 10 T were carried out on GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum well samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy with lateral fluctuation quantum dots produced by growth interruption. Monolayer fluctuations of the quantum well width form lateral quantum dots for which confinement energies are less than Coulomb correlation energies. Five different width quantum wells (2.8-14.1 nm) were grown in a single sample, doped in the barriers with Si donors to allow for photoluminescence of both excitons and trions. We report studies of the optically detected resonance spectra associated with the ensemble photoluminescence of all of the wells including observation of bound-to-continuum internal transitions of trions, both singlet and triplet, and electron cyclotron resonance for the wider wells, which also show a clear bound-to-bound triplet transition. The latter is forbidden by magnetic translational invariance, but can be seen in these samples because this symmetry is broken by the lateral fluctuations, whose characteristic dimensions are greater than the trion orbit size. The two narrowest wells show strong broad optically detected resonance signals associated with inhomogeneously broadened internal transitions of the strongly correlated trions in the lateral dots. The optically detected resonance signals peak well below the calculated positions of electron cyclotron resonance. As expected for localized carriers and excitons, there is no free electron cyclotron resonance. We also present preliminary measurements of optically detected resonance spectra from a single dot. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, CAPEM, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Dept Phys, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Meining, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD SEP PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 383 EP 393 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 865EO UT WOS:000224685500010 ER PT J AU Stocks, JM Patterson, MJ Hyde, DE Jenkins, AB Mittleman, KD Taylor, NAS AF Stocks, JM Patterson, MJ Hyde, DE Jenkins, AB Mittleman, KD Taylor, NAS TI Effects of immersion water temperature on whole-body fluid distribution in humans SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE atrial natriuretic peptide; body fluid regulation; cold-water immersion; intracellular fluid; plasma volume ID ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-FACTOR; PLASMA-VOLUME; COLD-WATER; HEAD; SHIFTS; DIURESIS; RESPONSES; RELEASE; PEPTIDE; ALBUMIN AB Aim: In this study, we quantified acute changes in the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments during upright neutral- and cold-water immersion. We hypothesized that, during short-term cold immersion, fluid shifts would be wholly restricted to the extracellular space. Methods: Seven males were immersed 30 days apart: control (33.3 degrees SD 0.6 degreesC); and cold (18.1 degrees SD 0.3 degreesC). Posture was controlled for 4 h prior to a 60-min seated immersion. Results: Significant reductions in terminal oesophageal (36.9 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees-36.3 degrees +/- 0.1 degreesC) and mean skin temperatures (30.3 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees-23.0 degrees +/- 0.3 degreesC) were observed during the cold, but not the control immersion. Both immersions elicited a reduction in intracellular fluid [20.17 +/- 6.02 mL kg(-1) (control) vs. 22.72 +/- 9.90 mL kg(-1)], while total body water (TBW) remained stable. However, significant plasma volume (PV) divergence was apparent between the trials at 60 min [12.5 +/- 1.0% (control) vs. 6.1 +/- 3.1%; P < 0.05], along with a significant haemodilution in the control state (P < 0.05). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration increased from 18.0 +/- 1.6 to 58.7 +/- 15.1 ng L-1 (P < 0.05) during cold immersion, consistent with its role in PV regulation. We observed that, regardless of the direction of the PV change, both upright immersions elicited reductions in intracellular fluid. Conclusion: These observations have two implications. First, one cannot assume that PV changes reflect those of the entire extracellular compartment. Second, since immersion also increases interstitial fluid pressure, fluid leaving the interstitium must have been rapidly replaced by intracellular water. C1 Univ Wollongong, Dept Biomed Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL USA. DesignWrite, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Taylor, NAS (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Dept Biomed Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RI Jenkins, Arthur/D-4533-2012; Taylor, Nigel/A-1975-2014 NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-6772 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND JI Acta Physiol. Scand. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 182 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01302.x PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 849KN UT WOS:000223537600001 PM 15329051 ER PT J AU Provencher, MT Baldwin, AJ Gorman, JD Gould, MT Shin, AY AF Provencher, MT Baldwin, AJ Gorman, JD Gould, MT Shin, AY TI Atypical tensile-sided femoral neck stress fractures - The value of magnetic resonance imaging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE stress fracture; fatigue fracture; femoral neck stress fracture; athletic hip injuries; tensile stress fracture C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Rochester, MN USA. RP Provencher, MT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mmpro98@earthlink.net OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1528 EP 1534 DI 10.1177/0363546503262195 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 847SO UT WOS:000223415400022 PM 15310582 ER PT J AU Blondeel, PNV Murphy, JW Debrosse, D Nix, JC Puls, LE Theodore, N Coulthard, P AF Blondeel, PNV Murphy, JW Debrosse, D Nix, JC Puls, LE Theodore, N Coulthard, P TI Closure of long surgical incisions with a new formulation of 2-octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive versus commercially available methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE cyanoacrylates; medical devices; surgery; tissue adhesives; wound healing; wound infection ID PEDIATRIC FACIAL LACERATIONS; CLINICAL WOUND EVALUATION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; REPAIR; OCTYLCYANOACRYLATE; SUTURE; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Topical 2-octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is an alternative to traditional devices for closing short surgical incisions. Methods: An open-label, randomized study compared a new high-viscosity formulation of 2-octylcyanoacrylate with commercially available devices, including low-viscosity 2-octylcyanoacrylate, for epidermal closure of incisions greater than or equal to4 cm requiring subcutaneous and/or deep-dermal suturing. Results: Of patients with I to 3 wounds, 106 were treated with high-viscosity 2-octylcyanoacrylate and 103 with commercially available devices. The day-10 rates of healing by wound were 96% and 97% for study versus control treatment and 97% and 95% for new and old 2-octylcyanoacrylate formulations versus other controls, respectively. Day-10 infection rates by wound were 4 of 145 versus 7 of 131 for study versus control treatment and 6 of 207 and 5 of 69 for new and old 2-octylcyanoacrylate versus other controls, respectively. Conclusions: The new tissue adhesive formulation provides epidermal wound closure equivalent to commercially available devices with a trend to decreased incidence of wound infection. (C) 2004 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 State Univ Ghent Hosp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Inst Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France. Crestwood Hosp, Huntsville, AL USA. Gynecol Oncol Res & Dev LLC, Greenville, SC USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Dent Hosp Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Blondeel, PNV (reprint author), State Univ Ghent Hosp, De Pintelaan 185,2K12C, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM phillip.blondeel@rug.ac.be OI Theodore, Nicholas/0000-0001-5355-2683 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 188 IS 3 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.04.006 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 854RQ UT WOS:000223921400019 PM 15450839 ER PT J AU Abu-Elyazeed, RR Wierzba, TF Frenck, RW Putnam, SD Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Kamal, KA Peruski, LF Messih, IAAE El-Alkamy, SA Naficy, AB Clemens, JD AF Abu-Elyazeed, RR Wierzba, TF Frenck, RW Putnam, SD Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Kamal, KA Peruski, LF Messih, IAAE El-Alkamy, SA Naficy, AB Clemens, JD TI Epidemiology of Shigella-associated diarrhea in rural Egyptian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; BLOODY DIARRHEA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; RISK-FACTOR; ENTEROPATHOGENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; PERSISTENT; POPULATION; COMMUNITY AB During the period from February 1995 to February 1998, the epidemiology of Shigella diarrhea was studied among children less than three years of age residing in Egypt's Nile Delta. Children were visited twice a week and a stool sample was collected from any of them with diarrhea. The incidence of Shigella -associated diarrhea was 0.2 episodes/ child-year, with S. flexneri being the most common serogroup isolated (55% of Shigella episodes). Younger age and the warm months increased the risk of developing Shigella- associated diarrhea, while breastfeeding was protective. Children with Shigella were ill for a mean of four days and passed a mean of six stools per day. Common symptoms included fever (35 %), vomiting (19 %), and dehydration (16 %). Dysentery, however, was unusual, occurring in only 11 % of the cases. In conclusion, Shigella- associated diarrhea remains relatively common in Egyptian children and supports the need for additional control measures including vaccine development. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Gary, IN 46408 USA. Egyptian Minist Hlth & Populat, Abu Homos Field Res & Training Ctr, Beheira, Egypt. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Abu-Elyazeed, RR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM frenckr@namru3.org NR 47 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 854KM UT WOS:000223901600020 PM 15381821 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, CI AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, CI TI Optimal performance of an irreversible dual-cycle SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; dual cycle; performance optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; HEAT-TRANSFER; THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS; OPTIMAL PATHS; OTTO CYCLE; EFFICIENCY; OPTIMIZATION; POWER AB The finite-time thermodynamic performance of an air-standard dual cycle, with heat transfer and friction-like term losses, is analyzed and optimized in this paper. The relations between the power output and the compression ratio, and between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio of the cycle are derived. Moreover, the effects of heat transfer and global losses lumped in a friction-like term on the performance of the cycle are shown by detailed numerical examples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 15 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD SEP PY 2004 VL 79 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.12.005 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 844CF UT WOS:000223134200001 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FG Wu, CI AF Chen, LG Sun, FG Wu, CI TI Maximum-profit performance for generalized irreversible Carnot-engines SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE generalized irreversible Carnot-engine; finite-time exergoeconomic performance; profit optimization ID HEAT-TRANSFER LAW; TIME EXERGOECONOMIC PERFORMANCE; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME; ENERGY-SYSTEMS; POWER; OPTIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY AB The operation of a Newton's law system generalized irreversible Carnot-engine with heat resistance, heat leakage and internal dissipation is viewed as a production process with exergy as its output. The finite-time exergoeconomic performance optimization of the engine is investigated by taking the profit maximation criterion as the objective. The focus of this paper is to search the compromised optimization between economics (profit) and the utilization factor (efficiency) for finite-time irreversible cycles. The analytical formulae concerning optimal profit versus efficiency, the maximum profit and the corresponding efficiency are derived. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), USN Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@publie.wh.hb.cn NR 29 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD SEP PY 2004 VL 79 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.12.010 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 844CF UT WOS:000223134200002 ER PT J AU Lee, Z Carder, KL Du, KP AF Lee, Z Carder, KL Du, KP TI Effects of molecular and particle scatterings on the model parameter for remote-sensing reflectance SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OCEAN-COLOR; THEORETICAL DERIVATION; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SENSED REFLECTANCE; SARGASSO SEA; WATERS; ABSORPTION; DEPENDENCE; RADIANCE AB For optically deep waters, remote-sensing reflectance (r(rs)) is traditionally expressed as the ratio of the backscattering coefficient (b(b)) to the sum of absorption and backscattering coefficients (a + b(b)) that multiples a model parameter (g, or the so-called f'/Q). Parameter g is further expressed as a function of b(b)/(a + b(b)) (or b(b)/a) to account for its variation that is due to multiple scattering. With such an approach, the same g value will be derived for different a and b(b) values that provide the same ratio. Because g is partially a measure of the angular distribution of upwelling light, and the angular distribution from molecular scattering is quite different from that of particle scattering; g values are expected to vary with different scattering distributions even if the b(b)/a ratios are the same. In this study, after numerically demonstrating the effects of molecular and particle scatterings on the values of g, an innovative r(rs) model is developed. This new model expresses r(rs) in two separate terms: one governed by the phase function of molecular scattering and one governed by the phase function of particle scattering, with a model parameter introduced for each term. In this way the phase function effects from molecular and particle scatterings are explicitly separated and accounted for. This new model provides an analytical tool to understand and quantify the phase-function effects on r(rs), and a platform to calculate r(rs) spectrum quickly and accurately that is required for remote-sensing applications. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Ocean Univ China, Remote Sensing Inst, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 52 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 25 BP 4957 EP 4964 DI 10.1364/AO.43.004957 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 851CP UT WOS:000223663300020 PM 15449482 ER PT J AU Pique, A Arnold, CB Kim, H Ollinger, M Sutto, TE AF Pique, A Arnold, CB Kim, H Ollinger, M Sutto, TE TI Rapid prototyping of micropower sources by laser direct-write SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; MICROBATTERIES; LITHIUM AB A laser forward-transfer and micromachining process has been developed to fabricate and optimize mesoscale electrochemical power sources, such as primary Zn-Ag2O and secondary Li-ion microbatteries. The laser direct-write technique allows for adding, removing and processing the various material systems required for the fabrication of micropower sources on many types of substrates under ambient conditions. In this work, we demonstrate planar zinc-silver oxide alkaline cell configurations with 1.5-1.55 V open-circuit potentials. The 10 mm(2) samples show a flat discharge behavior under constant-current loads and capacities of similar to100 muA h cm(-2). Stacked Li-ion cells with 3.80-V open-circuit potentials have also been fabricated and continue to operate after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The 9 mm(2) samples exhibit capacities of 110 muA h cm(-2). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4-6 BP 783 EP 786 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-2586-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 839EL UT WOS:000222766100016 ER PT J AU Cristescu, R Mihaiescu, D Socol, G Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R Mihaiescu, D Socol, G Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB TI Deposition of biopolymer thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB We report on the successful deposition of high quality type I fibrilar collagen thin films by Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). Thin films deposition was performed in a N-2 ambient (20 Pa) using a KrF* laser source (lambda=248 nm,taugreater than or equal to20 ns) operated at a repetition rate of 3 Hz, the incident laser energy at a value within the range (20-35) mJ , and the laser spot area was (3.5-18.5)+/-0.1 mm(2). The collagen films were deposited on double face polished <100> single crystalline Si wafers and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate that our thin films are composed of collagen, with no impurities and the roughness can be controlled by the deposition conditions. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, Bucharest 077125, Romania. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest 100125, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-36, Bucharest 077125, Romania. EM rodica@ifin.nipne.ro RI Socol, Gabriel/A-5405-2011; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; OI Socol, Gabriel/0000-0002-1992-7346; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4-6 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-2619-9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 839EL UT WOS:000222766100073 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Spargo, BJ Ringeisen, BR AF Barron, JA Spargo, BJ Ringeisen, BR TI Biological laser printing of three dimensional cellular structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MAPLE DIRECT WRITE; EVAPORATION MAPLE; CELLS; MICROFABRICATION; BIOMATERIALS; MONOLAYERS; DEPOSITION; PROTEIN AB This proceeding presents experiments demonstrating that BioLP(TM), Biological Laser Printing, can be used to rapidly and accurately print individual cells as well as patterns of cells in three dimensions. Human osteosarcoma cells were deposited into a biopolymer matrix, and after twenty-four hours of incubation, the printed cells remained viable and had multiplied. Multiple layers of human osteosarcoma cells were transferred into a Matrigel(TM) substrate, producing a three-dimensional cellular construct. Live/dead assays were performed, demonstrating that greater than 95% of the cells were viable after the being printed into the biopolymer. The ability to selectively print individual cells has potential benefits for cell selection studies and genomics and proteomics research. In addition, this technique could enable layers of tissue scaffolding to be seeded with cells at exceedingly high precision and resolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisn@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 79 IS 4-6 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-2620-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 839EL UT WOS:000222766100074 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Wojtys, EM AF Sekiya, JK Wojtys, EM TI Untitled - Reply SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Bone & Joints Sports Med Inst, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Bone & Joints Sports Med Inst, Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7 BP 784 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.06.027 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 855UJ UT WOS:000224000100018 ER PT J AU Hanson, RB Klemola, AR Jones, BF Monet, DG AF Hanson, RB Klemola, AR Jones, BF Monet, DG TI Lick Northern Proper Motion program. III. Lick NPM2 catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs ID GALACTIC ROTATION; KINEMATICS; MAGNITUDE; STARS; SPM AB The Lick Northern Proper Motion (NPM) program, a two-epoch (1947-1988) photographic survey of the northern two-thirds of the sky (delta greater than or similar to -23degrees), has measured absolute proper motions, on an inertial system defined by distant galaxies, for 378,360 stars in the magnitude range 8 less than or similar to B less than or similar to 18. The 1993 NPM1 Catalog contains 148,940 stars in 899 fields outside the Milky Way's zone of avoidance. The 2003 NPM2 Catalog contains 232,062 stars in the remaining 347 NPM fields near the plane of the Milky Way. This paper describes the NPM2 star selection, plate measurements, astrometric and photometric data reductions, and catalog compilation. The NPM2 Catalog contains 122,806 faint (B greater than or equal to 14) anonymous stars for astrometry and Galactic studies, 91,648 bright (B < 14) positional reference stars, and 34,868 "special stars" chosen for astrophysical interest. The NPM2 proper motions are on the ICRS system, via Tycho-2 stars, to an accuracy of 0.6 mas yr(-1) in each field. The rms proper-motion precision is 6 mas yr(-1). Positional errors average 80 mas at the mean plate epoch 1968, and 200 mas at the NPM2 catalog epoch 2000. NPM2 photographic photometry errors average 0.18 mag in B and 0.20 mag in B-V. The NPM2 Catalog and the updated (to J2000.0) NPM1 Catalog are available at the CDS Strasbourg data center and on the NPM Web site. The NPM2 Catalog completes the Lick Northern Proper Motion program after a half-century of work by three generations of Lick Observatory astronomers. The NPM Catalogs will serve as a database for research in Galactic structure, stellar kinematics, and astrometry. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hanson, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM hanson@ucolick.org; klemola@ucolick.org; jones@ucolick.org; dgm@nofs.navy.mil NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 128 IS 3 BP 1430 EP 1445 DI 10.1086/423041 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 850SW UT WOS:000223633800036 ER PT J AU Pourbaix, D Tokovinin, AA Batten, AH Fekel, FC Hartkopf, WI Levato, H Morrell, NI Torres, G Udry, S AF Pourbaix, D Tokovinin, AA Batten, AH Fekel, FC Hartkopf, WI Levato, H Morrell, NI Torres, G Udry, S TI S-B9: The ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : binaries : spectroscopic; astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; catalogs ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MULTIPLICITY; ELEMENTS; SAMPLE AB The Ninth Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (http://sb9.astro.ulb.ac.be) continues the series of compilations of spectroscopic orbits carried out over the past 35 years by Batten and collaborators. As of 2004 May 1st, the new Catalogue holds orbits for 2386 systems. Some essential differences between this catalogue and its predecessors are outlined and three straightforward applications are presented: ( I) completeness assessment: period distribution of SB1s and SB2s; (2) shortest periods across the H-R diagram; (3) period-eccentricity relation. C1 Free Univ Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Dominion Astrophys Observ, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CASLEO, RA-5400 San Juan, Argentina. Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Obser, La Serena, Chile. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauvergny, Switzerland. RP Pourbaix, D (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, CP 226,Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 16 TC 273 Z9 278 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 424 IS 2 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041213 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859XD UT WOS:000224300800040 ER PT J AU Ceron, JMC Gorosabel, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Sokolov, VV Afanasiev, VL Fatkhullin, TA Dodonov, SN Komarova, VN Cherepashchuk, AM Postnov, KA Lisenfeld, U Greiner, J Klose, S Hjorth, J Fynbo, JPU Pedersen, H Rol, E Fliri, J Feldt, M Feulner, G Andersen, MI Jensen, BL Ramirez, MDP Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Israelian, G Tanvir, NR AF Ceron, JMC Gorosabel, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Sokolov, VV Afanasiev, VL Fatkhullin, TA Dodonov, SN Komarova, VN Cherepashchuk, AM Postnov, KA Lisenfeld, U Greiner, J Klose, S Hjorth, J Fynbo, JPU Pedersen, H Rol, E Fliri, J Feldt, M Feulner, G Andersen, MI Jensen, BL Ramirez, MDP Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Israelian, G Tanvir, NR TI On the constraining observations of the dark GRB 001109 and the properties of a z=0.398 radio selected starburst galaxy contained in its error box SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; Galaxy : fundamental parameters; techniques : photometric ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; EMISSION; BEPPOSAX; CLUSTERS; BRIGHT; SCUBA AB We present optical and NIR (near infrared) follow up observations of the GRB 001109 from 1 to 300 days after the burst. No transient emission was found at these wavelengths within this GRB's (Gamma Ray Burst) 50" radius BeppoSAX error box. Strong limits (3sigma) are set with: Rgreater than or similar to21, 10.2 h after the GRB; Igreater than or similar to23, 11.4 h after the GRB; Hgreater than or similar to20.7, 9.9 h after the GRB; and K(S)greater than or similar to20, 9.6 h after the GRB. We discuss whether the radio source found in the GRB's error box (Taylor et al. 2000) might be related to the afterglow. We also present a multiwavelength study of a reddened starburst galaxy, found coincident with the potential radio and the X-ray afterglow. We show that our strong I band upper limit makes of the GRB 001109 the darkest one localised by the BeppoSAX's NFI (Narrow Field Instrument), and it is one of the most constraining upper limits on GRB afterglows to date. Further to it, the implications of these observations in the context of dark GRBs are considered. C1 Real Inst & Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CSIC, IAA, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 357147, Karachai Cherke, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Sternwarte Munchen, D-81679 Munich, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Sci SA Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Ceron, JMC (reprint author), Real Inst & Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. EM josemari@alumni.nd.edu; gorosabel@stsci.edu; ajct@iaa.es; sokolov@sao.ru; vafan@sao.ru; timur@sao.ru; dodo@sao.ru; vkom@sao.ru; cher@sai.msu.su; moulin@sai.msu.su; ute@iaa.es; jcg@mpe.mpg.de; klose@tls-tautenburg.de; jgu@astro.ku.dk; jfynbo@phys.au.dk; holger@astro.ku.dk; evert@science.uva.nl; fliri@usm.uni-muenchen.de; mfeldt@mpia-hd.mpg.de; feulner@usm.uni-muenchen.de; mandersen@aip.de; jens@astro.ku.dk; dperez@rssd.esa.int; fjv@nofs.navy.mil; ahenden@nofs.navy.mil; gil@iac.es; nrt@star.herts.ac.uk RI Feulner, Georg/A-1933-2011; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Lisenfeld, Ute/A-1637-2015; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/E-1275-2015; OI Feulner, Georg/0000-0001-9215-5517; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Lisenfeld, Ute/0000-0002-9471-5423; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/0000-0002-0906-9771; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 424 IS 3 BP 833 EP 839 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20035921 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862HF UT WOS:000224480900014 ER PT J AU Ohishi, N Nordgren, TE Hutter, DJ AF Ohishi, N Nordgren, TE Hutter, DJ TI Asymmetric surface brightness distribution of Altair observed with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (Altair); stars : rotation; techniques : high angular resolution; techniques : interferometric ID STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; LATE-TYPE GIANTS; A-TYPE STARS; ROTATIONAL VELOCITIES; LINE-PROFILES; SUPERGIANTS; VEGA AB An asymmetric surface brightness distribution of the rapidly rotating A7 IV-V star Altair has been measured by the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). The observations were recorded simultaneously using a triangle with long baselines of 30, 37, and 64 m, on 19 spectral channels, covering the wavelength range of 520-850 nm. The outstanding characteristics of these observations are (1) high resolution with the minimum fringe spacing of 1.7 mas, easily resolving the 3 mas stellar disk, and (2) the measurement of the closure phase, which is a sensitive indicator of the asymmetry of the brightness distribution of the source. Uniform-disk diameters fitted to the measured squared visibility amplitudes confirm Altair's oblate shape due to its rapid rotation. The measured observables of Altair showed two features that are inconsistent with both the uniform-disk and limb-darkened-disk models, while the measured observables of the comparison star, Vega, are consistent with the limb-darkened-disk model. The first feature is that measured squared visibility amplitudes at the first minimum do not reach zero but rather remain at approximate to0.002, indicating the existence of a small bright region on the stellar disk. The other is that the measured closure phases are neither 0degrees nor 180degrees at all spectral channels, which requires an asymmetric surface brightness distribution. We fitted the measured observables to a model with a bright spot on a limb-darkened disk and found that the observations are well reproduced by a bright spot, which has relative intensity of 4.7%, on a 3.38 mas limb-darkened stellar disk. Rapid rotation of Altair indicates that this bright region is a pole, which is brighter than other part of the star owing to gravity darkening. C1 Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Ohishi, N (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM naoko.ohishi@nao.ac.jp NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 1 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1086/422422 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 850TC UT WOS:000223634400039 ER PT J AU Joseph, T Lazio, W Farrell, WM Dietrick, J Greenlees, E Hogan, E Jones, C Hennig, LA AF Joseph, T Lazio, W Farrell, WM Dietrick, J Greenlees, E Hogan, E Jones, C Hennig, LA TI The radiometric Bode's law and extrasolar planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; radio continuum : stars; solar wind ID TERRESTRIAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; RADIO-EMISSION; UPSILON ANDROMEDAE; COMPANIONS; NEPTUNE; PREDICTIONS; HD-192263; MASSES; DISK AB We predict the radio flux densities of the extrasolar planets in the current census, making use of an empirical relation-the radiometric Bode's law-determined from the five "magnetic'' planets in the solar system (the Earth and the four gas giants). Radio emission from these planets results from solar wind-powered electron currents depositing energy in the magnetic polar regions. We find that most of the known extrasolar planets should emit in the frequency range 10-1000 MHz and, under favorable circumstances, have typical flux densities as large as 1 mJy. We also describe an initial, systematic effort to search for radio emission in low radio frequency images acquired with the Very Large Array (VLA). The limits set by the VLA images (approximate to300 mJy) are consistent with, but do not provide strong constraints on, the predictions of the model. Future radio telescopes, such as the Low Frequency Array and the Square Kilometer Array, should be able to detect the known extrasolar planets or place austere limits on their radio emission. Planets with masses much lower than those in the current census will probably radiate below 10 MHz and will require a space-based array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Joseph, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; william.m.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov; hennig@lan.tjhsst.edu RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 612 IS 1 BP 511 EP 518 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 850TC UT WOS:000223634400043 ER PT J AU Wertelecki, W Hilliard, P Schoellhorn, J Mumaw, S Flood, TJ Varga, AK Mosley, BS Hobbs, CA Campodonica, MJ Shaw, GM Schonbeck, M Miller, LA Okafor, M Liu, CF Baker, J Voss, B Long-White, D Brooks, J Correia, JA Grimm, E O'Leary, LA Cragan, JD Hersh, DL Joshi, H Merz, RD Duke, RA Egler, T Shen, TF Meade, NB Romitti, PA McDowell, BD Stueve, JH Nelson, CS Robl, JM Fawbush, SG Pippins, LB Mulcahy, E Day, PY Panny, SR Baumgardner, RA Casey, L Higgins, C Copeland, G Simmons, L Falken, M Symonik, D McClure, J Terry, P Bakewell, JM Clack, S Becker, CM Wright, J Deyhle, GM Moeschler, JB Flanagan, VA Beres, LM Knapp, MM Nalder, S Murphy, T Cross, PK Druschel, C Meyer, RE Williams, J Bohn, T Schor, DP Starr, AE Pearson, KA Rosenberg, KD Horner, SB Staver, RF Correa, EM Valencia, D Viner-Brown, S Quaedvlieg, M Stevenson, RE Dean, JH Stein, Q Law, DJ Canfield, MA Langlois, P Feldkamp, ML MacLeod, LM Brozicevic, P Burley, J Williams, SK Ford, NC Peters, R Cummons, KG Baker, MA Oftedahl, E Helm-Quest, P Ailes, D Ryan, M Aran, R AF Wertelecki, W Hilliard, P Schoellhorn, J Mumaw, S Flood, TJ Varga, AK Mosley, BS Hobbs, CA Campodonica, MJ Shaw, GM Schonbeck, M Miller, LA Okafor, M Liu, CF Baker, J Voss, B Long-White, D Brooks, J Correia, JA Grimm, E O'Leary, LA Cragan, JD Hersh, DL Joshi, H Merz, RD Duke, RA Egler, T Shen, TF Meade, NB Romitti, PA McDowell, BD Stueve, JH Nelson, CS Robl, JM Fawbush, SG Pippins, LB Mulcahy, E Day, PY Panny, SR Baumgardner, RA Casey, L Higgins, C Copeland, G Simmons, L Falken, M Symonik, D McClure, J Terry, P Bakewell, JM Clack, S Becker, CM Wright, J Deyhle, GM Moeschler, JB Flanagan, VA Beres, LM Knapp, MM Nalder, S Murphy, T Cross, PK Druschel, C Meyer, RE Williams, J Bohn, T Schor, DP Starr, AE Pearson, KA Rosenberg, KD Horner, SB Staver, RF Correa, EM Valencia, D Viner-Brown, S Quaedvlieg, M Stevenson, RE Dean, JH Stein, Q Law, DJ Canfield, MA Langlois, P Feldkamp, ML MacLeod, LM Brozicevic, P Burley, J Williams, SK Ford, NC Peters, R Cummons, KG Baker, MA Oftedahl, E Helm-Quest, P Ailes, D Ryan, M Aran, R CA Ctr Dis Control Prevent TI State birth defects surveillance program directory SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Alabama Birth Defects Surveillance & Prevent Prog, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. MCH Epidemiol Unit, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, ABDMP, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. UAMS, Coll Med, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. CRCSN, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Colorado Responds Children Special Needs, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Family Hlth Div, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. DE Div Publ Hlth, Family Planning Program, Dover, DE 19903 USA. DC Dept Hlth Maternal & Family Hlth Adm, Data Collect & Anal Div, Washington, DC 20002 USA. DC Dept Hlth Maternal & Family Hlth Adm, Children Special Hlth Care Needs Div, Washington, DC 20002 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MACDP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. GA Div Publ Hlth, MCH Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Bur Clin & Prevent Serv, Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID 83720 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa Birth Defects Registry, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Childrens Dev Serv, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, Frankfort, KY 40621 USA. DHH, Off Publ Hlth, Childrens Special Hlth Serv, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Maine Bur Hlth, Genet Program, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Off Genet & CSHCN, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Birth Defects Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN 55164 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Genet Program, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. DPHHS, FCHB, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE 68509 USA. Bur Family Hlth Serv, State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Genet & Child Dev, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Reg Program Womens & Childrens Hlth, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NM Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. New York Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY 12180 USA. New York Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Troy, NY 12180 USA. N Carolina Ctr Hlth Stat, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Dept Human Serv, Childerns Special Hlth Serv Div ND, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Div Family & Community Hlth Serv, Columbus, OH 43216 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Oregon Hlth Dept, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. PR Dept Hlth, Puerto Rico Fol Acid Campaign, Birth Defects Surveillance Syst, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, SC BD Surveillance & Prevent Program, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. Sioux Valley Childrens Specialty Clin, Sioux Falls, SD 57117 USA. TN Dept Hlth, Tennessee Birth Defects Registry, PPA, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Utah Birth Defects Network, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Pediat Screening & Genet Serv, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. Washington Dept Hlth, MCH Assessment, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. OMCFH, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. WY Dept Hlth, Community & Family Hlth Div, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, DoD Birth & Infant Hlth Registry, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wertelecki, W (reprint author), Alabama Birth Defects Surveillance & Prevent Prog, CCCB Room 214,307 Univ Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM bdprevention@usouthal.edu; philliard@usouthal.edu; Janine_Schoelllhorn@health.state.ak.us; Sharilyn_Mumaw@health.state.ak.us; tflood@hs.state.az.us; avarga@hs.state.az.us; MosleyBridgetS@uams.edu; hobbscharlotte@uams.edu; mca@cbdmp.org; gsh@cbdmp.org; margaret.schonbeck@state.co.us; lisa.miller@state.co.us; martha.okafor@po.state.ct.us; chun-fu.liu@po.state.ct.us; JoAnnM.Baker@state.de.us; Betsy.Voss@state.de.us; dlong-white@dchealth.com; jbrooks@dchealth.com; Jane_Correia@doh.state.fl.us; Eric_Grimm@doh.state.fl.us; LOLeary@cdc.gov; JCragan@cdc.gov; dlhersh@dhr.state.ga.us; hjoshi@dhr.state.ga.us; hbdp@crch.hawaii.edu; duke@idhw.state.id.us; tegler@idph.state.il.us; tshen@idph.state.il.us; Nmeade@isdh.state.in.us; paul-romitti@uiowa.edu; bradley-mcdowell@uiowa.edu; jstueve@kdhe.state.ks.us; cnelson@kdhe.state.ks.us; joyce.robl@ky.gov; sandy.fawbush@ky.gov; lpippins@dhh.la.gov; eleanor.a.mulcahy@maine.gov; patricia.y.day@maine.gov; PannyS@dhmh.state.md.us; BaumgardnerR@dhmh.state.md.us; linda.casey@state.ma.us; cathleen.higgins@state.ma.us; CopelandG@state.mi.us; Simmonsl@state.mi.us; myron.falken@health.state.mn.us; daniel.symonik@health.state.mn.us; jmcclure@msdh.state.ms.us; pterry@msdh.state.ms.us; bakewj@dhss.state.mo.us; sclack@state.mt.us; carla.becker@hhss.state.ne.us; jwright@nvhd.state.nv.us; gdeyhle@nvhd.state.nv.us; john.moeschler@hitchcock.org; victoria.a.flanagan@hitchcock.org; Leslie.Beres-Sochka@doh.state.nj.us; mary.knapp@doh.state.nj.us; susann@doh.state.nm.us; tierneymurphy@doh.state.nm.us; pkc02@health.state.ny.us; cmd05@health.state.ny.us; robert.meyer@ncmail.net; jennifer.williams@ncmail.net; tbohn@state.nd.us; dschor@odh.ohio.gov; Astarr@odh.ohio.gov; kayp@health.state.ok.us; ken.d.rosenberg@state.or.us; shomer@state.pa.us; rstaver@state.pa.us; ecorrea@salud.gov.pr; dvalencia@salud.gov.pr; samv@doh.state.ri.us; MicheleQ@doh.state.ri.us; res@ggc.org; jane@ggc.org; qstein@usd.edu; david.law@state.tn.us; mark.canfield@tdh.state.tx.us; peter.langlois@tdh.state.tx.us; mfeldkamp@utah.gov; lmacleod@utah.gov; pbrozic@vdh.state.vt.us; jburley@vdh.state.vt.us; Sharonk.Williams@vdh.virginia.gov; nancy.ford@vdh.virginia.gov; riley.peters@doh.wa.gov; kathycummons@wvdhhr.org; melissabaker@wvdhhr.org; OftedEJ@dhfs.state.wi.us; helmqp@dhfs.state.wi.us; dailes@state.wy.us; ryan@nhrc.navy.mil; aran@nhrc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 9 BP 609 EP 676 DI 10.1002/bdra.20071 PG 68 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 855BG UT WOS:000223947300011 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DW Rue, JPH Wilckens, JH Frassica, FJ AF Armstrong, DW Rue, JPH Wilckens, JH Frassica, FJ TI Stress fracture injury in young military men and women SO BONE LA English DT Article DE structural geometry; bone mineral density (BMD); physical training; recruits; weight loss ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RISK-FACTORS; RECRUITS; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; FATIGUE; HUMANS; MECHANISMS AB Approximately 5% of all military recruits incur stress fracture injuries during intense physical training, predominately in the lower extremity. We compared young men and women with stress fracture injury (subjects) to a matched group of uninjured volunteers (controls) during a summer training program at the United States Naval Academy to identify possible risk factors for stress fracture injury. The subject group was composed of 13 female and 18 male plebes with training-induced stress fracture injury verified by plain radiographs and/or nuclear bone scan. The control group was composed of 13 female and 18 male plebes who remained without injury during plebe summer training but who were matched with the 31 injured plebes for the Initial Strength Test (1-mi run time, means: women, 7.9 min; men, 6.4 min) and body mass index (means: women, 23.4; men, 23.8). We found that the subjects lost significant body weight (mean, 2.63 +/- 0.54 kg) between Day I and the date of their diagnosis of a stress fracture (mean, Day 35) and that they continued to lose weight until the date of their DEXA scan (mean, Day 49). Among female plebes, there was no evidence of the female athlete triad (eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction, or low bone density). Thigh girth was significantly smaller in female subjects than in female controls and trended to be lower in male subjects than in male controls. Total body bone mineral content was significantly lower in the male subjects than in male controls. Bone mineral density of the distal tibia and femoral neck were not significantly different between the groups. DEXA-derived structural geometric properties were not different between subjects and controls. Because, on average, tibias were significantly longer in male subjects than in male controls, the mean bone strength index in male subjects was significantly lower than that of male controls. We conclude that significant, acute weight loss combined with regular daily physical training among young military recruits may be a significant contributing risk factor for stress fracture injuries in young military men and women. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wilckens, JH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 4940 Eastern Ave,A672, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM ehenze1@jhmi.edu NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2004.05.014 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 856WP UT WOS:000224076600031 PM 15336620 ER PT J AU Anderson, K Brooks, B Caffrey, P Clarke, A Cohen, L Crahan, K Davidson, K De Jong, A De Leeuw, G Dion, D Doss-Hammel, S Frederickson, P Friehe, C Hristov, T Khelif, D Moerman, M Reid, JS Reising, S Smith, M Terrill, E Tsintikidis, D AF Anderson, K Brooks, B Caffrey, P Clarke, A Cohen, L Crahan, K Davidson, K De Jong, A De Leeuw, G Dion, D Doss-Hammel, S Frederickson, P Friehe, C Hristov, T Khelif, D Moerman, M Reid, JS Reising, S Smith, M Terrill, E Tsintikidis, D TI The RED experiment - An assessment of boundary layer effects in a trade winds regime on microwave and infrared propagation over the sea SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER; OCEAN WAVES; AIR-FLOW; TURBULENCE; FLUXES AB In the surface layer over the ocean the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is often applied to construct vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. In this context, the rough boundary layer is derived from empirical relations where ocean wave characteristics are neglected. For seas where wind speed is less than similar to10 in s(-1) there is excellent agreement for both meteorological and microwave propagation theory and measurements. However, recent evidence indicates that even small waves perturb these profiles. It is, therefore, hypothesized that mechanical forcing by sea waves is responsible for modifying scalar profiles in the lowest portion of the surface layer, thereby reducing the effects of evaporation ducting on microwave signal propagation. This hypothesis, that a rough sea surface modifies the evaporation duct, was the primary motivation for the Rough Evaporation Duct (RED) experiment. RED was conducted off of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu from late August to mid-September 2001. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography Research Platform Floating Instrument Platform, moored about 10 kin off the northeast coast of Oahu, hosted the primary meteorological sensor suites and the transmitters for both the microwave and the infrared propagation links. Two land sites were instrumented-one with microwave receivers and the other with an infrared receiver-two buoys were deployed, a small boat was instrumented, and two aircraft flew various tracks to sense both sea and atmospheric conditions. Through meteorological and propagation measurements, RED achieved a number of its objectives. First, although we did not experience the desired conditions of simultaneous high seas, high winds, and large surface gradients of temperature and humidity necessary to significantly affect the evaporation duct, observations verify that waves do modify the scalars within the air-sea surface layer. Second, an intriguing and controversial result is the lack of agreement of the scalar profile constants with those typically observed over land. Finally, as expected for the conditions encountered during RED (trade wind, moderate seas, unstable), we show that the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, combined with high-quality meteorological measurements, can be used by propagation models to accurately predict microwave signal levels. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Anderson, K (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, Atmospher Propagat Branch, Code 2858,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM kenneth.anderson@navy.mil NR 39 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1355 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-9-1355 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857RE UT WOS:000224135200016 ER PT J AU Blaisten-Barojas, E Chien, CH Pederson, MR Mirick, JW AF Blaisten-Barojas, E Chien, CH Pederson, MR Mirick, JW TI Fission of doubly ionized calcium clusters SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED SODIUM CLUSTERS; METAL-CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS AB Cluster ions, Ca-N(+) and Ca-N(2+) containing up to N = 8 atoms are studied within density functional theory. Ground and first excited states, and ionization energies are reported for all sizes. At zero temperature Ca-3(2+) and Ca-4(2+) are linear, whereas Ca-5(2+) through Ca-7(2+) undergo structural transitions from 3D-configurations into linear ions below 600 K. As a consequence, fission that occurs above 600 K starts from linear configurations. Ca-8(2+) has an hexagonal bipyramidal structure. The preferred fission channels are Ca-N(2+) --> Ca+ + Ca-N-1(+) with fission barriers smaller than the evaporation energy up to Ca-7(2+). However, Ca-8(2+) presents a large fission barrier and would rather evaporate one atom than undergo fission. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blaisten-Barojas, E (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, MSN 5C3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM blaisten@gmu.edu RI Blaisten-Barojas, Estela/B-9520-2009 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 395 IS 1-3 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 851VT UT WOS:000223714800021 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI Mrs. Lincoln and Mrs. Keckly: The remarkable story of the friendship between a first lady and a former slave. SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 323 EP 325 DI 10.1353/cwh.2004.0055 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 851TQ UT WOS:000223708900007 ER PT J AU Johannsen, DA Wegman, EJ Solka, JL Priebe, CE AF Johannsen, DA Wegman, EJ Solka, JL Priebe, CE TI Simultaneous selection of features and metric for optimal nearest neighbor classification SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Non/Semi-Parametric Models and Sequential Analysis held in honor of Z Govindarajulu CY JUN 28, 2003 CL Univ Kentucky, Young Lib, Lexington, KY HO Univ Kentucky, Young Lib DE Minkowski p-metric; simultaneous optimization; cross-validated classifier; Greedy algorithm AB Given a set of observations in R-n along with provided class labels, G, one is often interested in building a classifier that is a mapping from R-n --> G. One way to do this is using a simple nearest neighbor classifier. Inherent in the use of this classifier is a metric or pseudo-metric that measures the distance between the observations. One typically uses the L-2 metric. We examine the classification benefits of the use of alternative Minkowski p-metrics. We also study the relationship between the selection of the p-metric and the selection of optimal classification features. We compare a simple greedy approach of Minkowski p-metric optimization followed by feature selection, the greedy method, with a simultaneous optimization of the p-metric and feature selection process. We utilize a stochastic optimization methodology to perform the simultaneous optimization. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Wegman, EJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Stat, MS 4A7,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ewegman@gmu.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PD SEP PY 2004 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2137 EP 2157 DI 10.1081/STA-200026587 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 865ZK UT WOS:000224742500012 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Jung, SH AF Kwon, YW Jung, SH TI Atomic model and coupling with continuum model for static equilibrium problems SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference o Computational Structures Technology/3rd International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL Czech Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Civil-Comp Press HO Czech Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn DE nanomechanics; atomic model; molecular dynamics; finite element analysis; static equilibrium ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION AB This paper presents a computational technique to model and simulate atomic behaviour of materials under static loads. Interatomic potential energy was used to maintain equilibrium among atoms under loads and constraints. In addition, the atomic model was coupled with the finite element analysis model so that more flexible loads and constraints could be applied to the atomistic model. Some example problems were presented to illustrate the developed technique. (C) 2004 Civil-Comp Ltd. and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, 1230 Lincoln Dr,Mail Code 6603, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM ywkwon@engr.siu.edu NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 23-26 BP 1993 EP 2000 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.065 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 864ZR UT WOS:000224672400013 ER PT J AU Shin, YS AF Shin, YS TI Ship shock modeling and simulation for far-field underwater explosion SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference o Computational Structures Technology/3rd International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL Czech Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Civil-Comp Press HO Czech Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn DE underwater explosion; ship shock; modeling; simulation AB Surface ship shock trials have been conducted in many countries for shock qualification of ship integrity, systems and subsystems. The ship shock trial identifies design and construction deficiencies that have a negative impact on ship and crew survivability. It also validates shock hardening criteria and performance. However, ship shock trials are costly. As a possible alternative, numerical modeling and simulation may provide viable information to look into the details of dynamic characteristics of ship including component and sub-component level. Ship shock analyses were conducted using finite element based coupled ship and fluid model. Three-dimensional ship shock modeling and simulation has been performed and the predicted results were compared with ship shock test data. Surface ship shock analysis approach is presented and the important parameters are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. and Civil-Comp Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shin, YS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshin@nps.navy.mil NR 17 TC 47 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 82 IS 23-26 BP 2211 EP 2219 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.075 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 864ZR UT WOS:000224672400031 ER PT J AU Kong, MS Harford, R O'Neill, JT AF Kong, MS Harford, R O'Neill, JT TI Keratosis punctata palmoplantaris controlled with topical retinoids: A case report and review of the literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PALMAR CREASES; KERATODERMA; PLANTARIS; CLASSIFICATION; POROKERATOSIS; PAPULOSA; PREVALENCE; MALIGNANCY; LINKAGE; DISEASE AB This article has been peer reviewed and approved by Michael Fisher, MID, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Review date: August 2004. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc. Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 category 1 credit toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only that credit that he/she actually spent in the activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials. C1 Reg Support Org, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kong, MS (reprint author), Reg Support Org, Naval Stn Bldg 55,3325 Senn Rd,Suite 7, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. EM michael.kong@navy.mil NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 74 IS 3 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 855ZV UT WOS:000224014300003 PM 15499759 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Leonard, DL Vandewalle, KS Cohen, ME Charlton, DG AF Roberts, HW Leonard, DL Vandewalle, KS Cohen, ME Charlton, DG TI The effect of a translucent post on resin composite depth of cure SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE light transmittal; depth of cure; resin composite; translucent posts ID LIGHT-ACTIVATED COMPOSITES; TRANSMITTING POSTS; POLYMERIZATION; CONVERSION; TEETH AB Objective. To evaluate the effect of a light-transmitting post on the depth of cure of a resin composite. Methods. Acetate resin molds were filled with resin composite in which a Light-transmitting post was inserted into the center and photopolymerized to the manufacturer's recommendations. Identical molds without: a light-transmitting post were photopolymerized in a similar matter and served as a control. Molds were sectioned on a water-cooled, diamond saw at prescribed distances and the depth of cure was determined using a Knoop Hardness bottom-to-top ratio criterion. Data within each group were analyzed using 2-way (depth-by-distance) repeated measure ANOVA. Between-group contrasts (post versus no post) were accessed by a 3-way (2 within-subjects and 1 between-subjects) ANOVA with critical p = 0.05. Results. The presence of the post did increase (p < 0.001) Knoop Hardness values in simulated apical regions as compared to a control. However, there was no difference in the depth of cure between the groups (3-way analysis p = 0.2) and also when evaluated using an 80% bottom-to-top Knoop Hardness ratio. Significance. The results suggest that these posts may hive a limited utility when judged against a Knoop Hardness ratio criterion. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Mission St Josephs Hosp, Asheville, NC USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Det 1 USAFSAM,310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM howard.roberts@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7 BP 617 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2003.10.004 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 848EU UT WOS:000223451100001 PM 15236935 ER PT J AU Soto, CM Blum, AS Wilson, CD Lazorcik, J Kim, M Gnade, B Ratna, BR AF Soto, CM Blum, AS Wilson, CD Lazorcik, J Kim, M Gnade, B Ratna, BR TI Separation and recovery of intact gold-virus complex by agarose electrophoresis and electroelution: Application to the purification of cowpea mosaic virus and colloidal gold complex SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE colloidal gold; cowpea mosaic virus; electroelution ID SUPRAMOLECULAR BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOPARTICLES; MONOLAYERS AB Colloidal gold has been coupled to a mutant cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), which contains 60 cysteine residues on the surface. A purification process was developed to separate the gold-containing viral nanoblocks (VNBs) from the free gold. Agarose electrophoresis was utilized to separate the mixture followed by electroelution of the desired sample to recover the intact virus. Mobility of Au-VNB and free colloidal gold was facilitated by the addition of thioctic acid (TA). 30% of the gold-containing virus was recovered after electroelution as determined by absorbance measurements. Histogram analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrated the efficient separation of gold-containing virus from free gold. TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that the virus was recovered intact. Monodisperse spherical particles of nominal size of 45 nm were observed under SEM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geo Ctr, Newton, MA USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cmsoto@cbmse.nri.navy.mil RI Gnade, Bruce/C-2327-2008; Kim, Moon/A-2297-2010 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2004 VL 25 IS 17 BP 2901 EP 2906 DI 10.1002/elps.200306029 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 854YB UT WOS:000223938700001 PM 15349927 ER PT J AU Fetzer, EJ Teixeira, J Olsen, ET Fishbein, EF AF Fetzer, EJ Teixeira, J Olsen, ET Fishbein, EF TI Satellite remote sounding of atmospheric boundary layer temperature inversions over the subtropical eastern Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DATA PRODUCTS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; CLOUDS AB We describe atmospheric temperature inversions and height-resolved water vapor fields over the wintertime subtropical northeastern Pacific Ocean in observations by the satellite-borne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ( AIRS) experiment. A comparison with model analyses shows good agreement in temperature. Water vapor comparisons with operational radiosondes at four sites in California and Hawaii during December 2002-January 2003 have low biases in the 1000-700 and 700-500 hPa layers. Maps of inversion frequency, and, water vapor at 1000-700 and 700-500 hPa over the subtropical northeast Pacific during 1-16 January 2003 - when high pressure and clear conditions prevail - show inversions occurring at a local minimum in water vapor at 1000 - 700 hPa. Water vapor at 700 - 500 hPa has a broad minimum extending from Baja California to Hawaii, with inversions found on its eastern half. These observations illustrate the potential of the AIRS data for describing a climatology of temperature and water vapor in subtropical oceanic regions. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Fetzer, EJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eric.j.fetzer@jpl.nasa.gov NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17 AR L17102 DI 10.1029/2004GL020174 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 854FW UT WOS:000223888100003 ER PT J AU Quartararo, AT AF Quartararo, AT TI Childbood in the promised land: Working-class movements and the Colonies de Vacances in France, 1880-1960 SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Quartararo, AT (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD FAL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 3 BP 614 EP 614 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 854RE UT WOS:000223920200055 ER PT J AU Moormann, AM Cao, K Masaberg, C Sumba, OP Koech, D Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Kazura, J Fernandez-Vina, MA AF Moormann, AM Cao, K Masaberg, C Sumba, OP Koech, D Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Kazura, J Fernandez-Vina, MA TI HLA-A, -B and -Cw allele frequencies in a Luo population from Kenya SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Cleveland, OH USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young DoD Marrow Donor Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. KERMI, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Moormann, AM (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Lab Med, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mfernand@mdanderson.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 997 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.08.074 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861HQ UT WOS:000224407100071 ER PT J AU Cao, K Lyke, KE Masaberg, C Doumbo, OK Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Plowe, CV Sztein, MB Fernandez-Vina, MA AF Cao, K Lyke, KE Masaberg, C Doumbo, OK Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Plowe, CV Sztein, MB Fernandez-Vina, MA TI HLA-A, -B and -Cw allele frequencies in a population from Bandigara, Mali SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young DoD Marrow Donor Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Bamako, Fac Med Pharm & Dent, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. RP Cao, K (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young DoD Marrow Donor Program, Bethesda, MD USA. EM mfernand@mdanderson.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1004 EP 1006 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.08.079 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861HQ UT WOS:000224407100076 ER PT J AU Cao, K Masaberg, C Yu, J Mann, DL Fernandez-Vina, MA AF Cao, K Masaberg, C Yu, J Mann, DL Fernandez-Vina, MA TI HLA-A, -B and -Cw allele frequencies in a population from Lusaka, Zambia SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Ctr, CW Bill Young DoD Marrow Donor Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. Amer Red Cross, Natl Histocompatibil Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Dept Pathol, Div Immunogenet, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cao, K (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, CW Bill Young DoD Marrow Donor Program, Bethesda, MD USA. EM mfernand@mdanderson.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 65 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1268 EP 1270 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.08.175 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861HQ UT WOS:000224407100166 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GS Chen, SL Bryden, AN Livingston, MA Rosenblum, LJ Osborn, BR AF Schmidt, GS Chen, SL Bryden, AN Livingston, MA Rosenblum, LJ Osborn, BR TI Multidimensional visual representations for underwater environmental uncertainty SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, ITT Ind, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Virtual Real Lab, ITT Ind, Code 5581,VR Lab Bldg 34,Room 218A,4555 Overlook, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gschmidt@ait.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1109/MCG.2004.35 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 851KP UT WOS:000223684300010 PM 15628101 ER PT J AU Jin, N Chung, SY Heyns, RM Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Rommel, SL AF Jin, N Chung, SY Heyns, RM Berger, PR Yu, RH Thompson, PE Rommel, SL TI Tri-state logic using vertically integrated Si-SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes with double NDR SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); multivalued logic; negative differential resistance (NDR); resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD); silicon; silicon germanium ID DIFFUSION AB A vertically integrated npnp Si-based resonant interband tunneling diode (RITD) pair is realized with low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy by stacking two RITDs with a connecting backward diode between them. The current-voltage characteristics of the vertically integrated RITD pair demonstrates two sequential negative differential resistance regions in the forward-biasing condition. Tri-state logic is demonstrated by using the vertically integrated RITDs as the drive and an off-chip resistor as the load. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Herchel Smith Lab Med Chem, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 25 IS 9 BP 646 EP 648 DI 10.1109/LED.2004.833845 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 849YM UT WOS:000223577600019 ER PT J AU Li, XW Li, N Demiguel, S Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, D Williams, KJ AF Li, XW Li, N Demiguel, S Campbell, JC Tulchinsky, D Williams, KJ TI A comparison of front- and backside-illuminated high-saturation power partially depleted absorber photodetecters SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE high-power photodetecters; photodetecters; saturation current; sheet resistance; space charge effect ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; BANDWIDTH AB A systematic study of high-saturation-current p-i-n In0.53Ga0.47As photodiodes with a partially depleted absorber (PDA) has been made under front (p-side). and back (n-side) illumination. The photodiode structure consists of an In0.53Ga0.47 As absorption region (450-nm p-InGaAs, 250-nm unintentionally doped InGaAs, and 60-nm n-InGaAs) sandwiched between p- and n-InP layers. For front illumination of a 34-mum-diameter photodiode at 2-V bias the saturation currents were 23 and 24 mA at 10 and 1 GM, respectively. Under similar conditions, backside-illumination resulted in saturation currents of 76 mA (10 GHz) and > 160 mA (1 GM). Backside illumination of a 100-mum-diameter photodiode achieved a saturation current >400 mA. For the case of front illumination the device lateral resistance dominates whereas for backside illumination the response is determined primarily by the space charge effect. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Microelect Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, XW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Microelect Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM xli2@ece.utexas.edu; jcc@mail.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1321 EP 1325 DI 10.1109/jqe.2004.833206 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 849ZD UT WOS:000223579400020 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Binari, SC AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Goetz, PG Mahon, R Binari, SC TI A surface-normal coupled-quantum-well modulator at 1.55 mu m SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coupled quantum well (CQW); InAlAs; InGaAs; modulator; multiple quantum well (MQW) ID ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATION; HIGH-SPEED AB We demonstrate a surface-normal coupled-quantum-well InGaAs-InAlAs electroabsorption modulator that provides optical modulation with a contrast ratio in excess of 1.5 at only 6 V. The device operates at 1.55 mum and is based on a novel strain-balanced layer structure. The operating voltage is about two times lower than that of a conventional square quantum-well modulator that achieves a comparable contrast ratio. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stievater@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2036 EP 2038 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.831981 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 848WB UT WOS:000223497700016 ER PT J AU Gordon-Spears, D Kiriakidis, K AF Gordon-Spears, D Kiriakidis, K TI Reconfigurable robot teams: Modeling and supervisory control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autonomous vehicle groups; discrete-event systems (DES); modeling; software verification and validation; supervisory control ID DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS AB Teams of land-based, airborne, or submerged robots constitute a new breed of robotic systems for which the issue of controlled behavior arises naturally. In this brief, we model the dynamics of the robot team in the discrete-event system (DES) framework and design a reconfigurable system that can handle situations in which robot units may switch offline. In particular, we exploit the dichotomy between controllable and uncontrollable behavior to synthesize a supervisor using only controllable events, but also one whose structure adapts to uncontrollable events. This brief presents a novel method based on learning and verification for restoring supervision as well as behavioral assurance of the team. C1 Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gordon-Spears, D (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dspears@hive3.cs.uwyo.edu; kiriakid@novell.nadn.navy.mil NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 763 EP 769 DI 10.1109/tcst.2004.825048 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 849ZT UT WOS:000223581100013 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Meyer, K Yang, P AF Gao, BC Meyer, K Yang, P TI A new concept on remote sensing of cirrus optical depth and effective ice particle size using strong water vapor absorption channels near 1.38 and 1.88 mu m SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE cirrus clouds; meteorology; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); remote sensing; water vapor ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; CLOUDS; MODIS; THICKNESS; REFLECTANCES; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB Techniques for retrieving cloud optical properties, i.e., the optical depths and particle size distributions, using atmospheric "window" channels in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions are well established. For partially transparent thin cirrus clouds, these "window" channels receive solar radiances scattered by the surface and lower level water clouds. Accurate retrieval of optical properties of thin cirrus clouds requires proper modeling of the effects from the surface and the lower level water clouds. In this paper, we describe a new concept using two strong water vapor absorption channels near 1.38 and 1.88 mum, together with one window channel, for remote sensing of cirrus optical properties. Both the 1.38- and 1.88-mum channels are highly sensitive in detecting the upper level cirrus clouds. Both channels receive little scattered solar radiances from the surface and lower level water clouds because of the strong water vapor absorption below cirrus. The 1.88-mum channel is quite sensitive to changes in ice particle size distributions, while the 1.38-mum channel is less sensitive. These properties allow for simultaneous retrievals of optical depths and particle size distributions of cirrus clouds with minimal contaminations from the surface and lower level water clouds. Preliminary tests of this new concept are made using hyperspectral imaging data collected with the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer. The addition of a channel near 1.88 mum to future multichannel meteorological satellite sensors would improve our ability in global remote sensing of cirrus optical properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016 OI Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1891 EP 1899 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.833778 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 854VM UT WOS:000223931600010 ER PT J AU Crum, NF AF Crum, NF TI Chronic diarrhea in an HIV-infected man SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 422 EP 422 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 855PO UT WOS:000223986400007 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Melnick, G AF Shen, YC Melnick, G TI The effects of HMO ownership on hospital costs and revenues: Is there a difference between for-profit and non-profit plans? SO INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING LA English DT Article ID MANAGED CARE; COMPETITION; IMPACT AB We conducted multivariate analyses to examine whether high health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration and large share of for-profit health plans in a market reduced hospital cost and revenue growth rates between 1989 and 1998. We found that hospitals in high HMO areas experienced revenue and cost growth rates that were 21 and 18 percentage points, respectively, below hospitals in low HMO areas. We also found that, conditional on overall HMO penetration level, hospitals in areas with high for-profit HMO penetration experienced revenue and cost growth rates that were 10 percentage points below hospitals in areas with low for-profit penetration areas; the difference was especially evident within high HMO penetration areas. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Bur Econ Res, Monterey, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 150 EAST MAIN ST, ROCHESTER, NY 14647 USA SN 0046-9580 J9 INQUIRY-J HEALTH CAR JI Inquiry-J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 255 EP 267 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 884CA UT WOS:000226061000003 PM 15669744 ER PT J AU O'Hanlon, M Goldstein, L Murray, W AF O'Hanlon, M Goldstein, L Murray, W TI Damn the torpedoes: Debating possible US Navy losses in a Taiwan scenario SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Letter C1 Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP O'Hanlon, M (reprint author), Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1162/0162288042879931 PG 3 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 873ZL UT WOS:000225320500007 ER PT J AU Smith, AJ Thurkettle, MA dela Cruz, FA AF Smith, AJ Thurkettle, MA dela Cruz, FA TI Use of intuition by nursing students: instrument development and testing SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING LA English DT Article DE intuition; instrument development; nursing students ID DECISION-MAKING; NURSES AB Background. Intuition has been described as an important type of nursing knowledge and has gained acceptance as a valid way of knowing in clinical nursing. Use of intuition has become one way of explaining professional expertise. Measures of the use of intuition have been developed primarily for experienced nurses, but few measures of intuition use among nursing students exist. Aim. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and psychometric testing of an instrument to measure use of intuition by nursing students. Methods. Instrument development consisted of concept clarification, item development, and psychometric testing. Intuition was defined as a non-linear process of knowing perceived through physical awareness, emotional awareness, and/or through physical or spiritual connections. Initial measurement items were derived inductively from the literature and informal interviews with senior nursing students. Seven content experts established a content validity index of 0.86 for the initial 33-item measure. It was pretested with a sample of 20 senior nursing students prior to its nationwide validation with a random sample of 1000 senior bachelor of science and associate degree nursing students. Results. Postal mail data collection resulted in 349 responses (35% response rate). Principal component analysis with orthogonal varimax rotation resulted in seven factors accounting for 66.2% of the variance: physical sensations (28.4%); premonitions (9.7%); spiritual connections (7.7%); reading of cues (6.1%); sensing energy (5.7%); apprehension (4.3%); and reassuring feelings (4%). Eigenvalues ranged from 1 to 7.1 and factor loadings ranged from 0.534 to 0.858. The validation resulted in a revised 25-item measure that demonstrated an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and a range of 0.69-0.84 for each factor. The study is limited by the use of a self-report measure and the attrition in the randomized sample. Conclusions. The intuition measure for use with students showed evidence of construct validity and reliability. With further testing, the measure could serve as a stimulus to foster students' intuitive abilities. C1 Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Sch Nursing, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, USN Reserves, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Duquesne Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Azusa Pacific Univ, Azusa, CA USA. RP Smith, AJ (reprint author), Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Sch Nursing, 3900 Lomaland Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM asmith@ptloma.edu NR 53 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-2402 J9 J ADV NURS JI J. Adv. Nurs. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 614 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03149.x PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 848UZ UT WOS:000223494900007 PM 15324430 ER PT J AU Miklosovic, DS Schultz, MP Esquivel, C AF Miklosovic, DS Schultz, MP Esquivel, C TI Effects of surface finish on aerodynamic performance of a sailboat centerboard SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYERS; HEAT-TRANSFER; ROUGHNESS AB A centerboard stabilizer from a Laser(TM) sailboat was wind-tunnel tested at different surface finish conditions to ascertain the effects on performance. The stabilizer model had an NACA 0009 airfoil section, an aspect ratio of 1.8, and a leading-edge sweep angle of 22 deg. Tests were run at Reynolds numbers of 5.6 x 10(5) and 1.06 x 10(6), based oil the mean aerodynamic chord. Surface finishes of 0.04-0.46 mils (1.0-11.6 mum) rms roughness height were generated by sanding with different grit abrasives and quantified using surface laser scanning techniques. The effects of progressively "improving" the surface finish of the lifting surface (e.g., by sanding and polishing) demonstrated the potential to decrease the maximum lift coefficient (15%), increase the drag coefficient at equivalent lift coefficient (138%), and invert the magnitude of the pitching moment coefficient (a 167% decrease). The combination of the roughest surface finishes at the higher Reynolds number delayed flow separation to higher angles of attack and qualitatively changed the stall characteristics, resulting in generally superior performance over the smooth surface conditions. These results indicate that polishing reduces the overall performance of sailboat stabilizers at these Reynolds numbers, and these decrements can impact the practical operating envelope. However, applicability of these results to aircraft control surfaces is limited because the range of effect is outside the typical operating envelope. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miklosovic, DS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1081 DI 10.2514/1.777 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862EI UT WOS:000224472600011 ER PT J AU Barlow, JG AF Barlow, JG TI Stepping stones to nowhere: The Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and American military strategy, 1867-1945. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Barlow, JG (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 91 IS 2 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 855PX UT WOS:000223987300108 ER PT J AU Paul, BD Jemionek, J Lesser, D Jacobs, A Searles, DA AF Paul, BD Jemionek, J Lesser, D Jacobs, A Searles, DA TI Enantiomeric separation and quantitation of (+/-)-amphetainine, (+/-)-methamphetamine, (+/-)-MDA, (+/-)-MDMA, and (+/-)-MDEA in urine specimens by GC-EI-MS after derivatization with (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-alpha-Methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethy)phenylacetyl chloride (MTPA) SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPTICAL ISOMERS; SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHAMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE; MDMA; MDA; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; ESTERS C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Forens Toxicol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Paul, BD (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Forens Toxicol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM paul@afip.osd.mil NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 28 IS 6 BP 449 EP 455 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 850RQ UT WOS:000223630500012 PM 15516295 ER PT J AU Considine, TJ Jablonowski, C Posner, B Bishop, CH AF Considine, TJ Jablonowski, C Posner, B Bishop, CH TI The value of hurricane forecasts to oil and gas producers in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB The threat of hurricanes often forces producers of crude oil and natural gas in the Gulf of Mexico to evacuate offshore drilling rigs and temporarily to cease production. More accurate hurricane forecasts would result in fewer false alarms, thereby preventing these unnecessary evacuations and disruptions in production. This study estimates the value of both existing and more accurate hurricane forecast information. A probabilistic cost - loss model is used to estimate the incremental value of hurricane forecast information for oil and gas leases in the Gulf of Mexico over the past two decades. Detailed computations of hurricane forecasting accuracy are performed using records from the National Hurricane Center and Marine Forecast/Advisory from 1980 to 2000. Evacuation costs and potential losses are estimated using data from the Minerals Management Service and oil company drilling records. Estimates indicate that the value of existing 48-h hurricane forecast information to oil and gas producers averaged roughly $8 million per year during the 1990s, which substantially exceeds the operating budget of the National Hurricane Center. From an industry perspective, however, these values are a small fraction of drilling and production costs. Moreover, although recent hurricane forecast accuracy is improving, it has not been sufficient to create significant value to this industry. On the other hand, forecast value dramatically increases with improvements in accuracy, rising by more than $15 million per year with a simulated 50% improvement in 48-h forecast accuracy. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. Int Petr Associates Inc, Ashburn, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Considine, TJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 125 Holser Bldg, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM cpw@psu.edu NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1270 EP 1281 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1270:TVOHFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 853LI UT WOS:000223828700003 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ McFadden, PN Belkin, S Marks, RS AF Pancrazio, JJ McFadden, PN Belkin, S Marks, RS TI EILATox-Oregon biomonitoring workshop: Summary and observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Inst Appl Biosci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fredy & Nadine Herrman Grad Sch Appl Sci, Div Environm Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Marks, RS (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Inst Appl Biosci, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM rsmarks@bgumail.bgu.ac.il RI Belkin, Shimshon/A-8947-2008; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015; OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690; Belkin, Shimshon/0000-0001-8283-1673 NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1002/jat.1032 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 863VS UT WOS:000224592100003 PM 15478184 ER PT J AU O'Shaughnessy, TJ Gray, SA Pancrazio, JJ AF O'Shaughnessy, TJ Gray, SA Pancrazio, JJ TI Cultured neuronal networks as environmental biosensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st EILATox Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR SP Ben-Gurion Univ Negev, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem HO Oregon State Univ DE biosensor; microelectrode array; primary neuronal cultures; extracellular recording; action potentials ID MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; CORTICAL-NEURONS; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; CHLORDIMEFORM; CORTEX AB Contamination of water by toxins, either intentionally or unintentionally, is a growing concern for both military and civilian agencies and thus there is a need for systems capable of monitoring a wide range of natural and industrial toxicants. The EILATox-Oregon Workshop held in September 2002 provided an opportunity to test the capabilities of a prototype neuronal network-based biosensor with unknown contaminants in water samples. The biosensor is a portable device capable of recording the action potential activity from a network of mammalian neurons grown on glass microelectrode arrays. Changes in the action potential firing rate across the network are monitored to determine exposure to toxicants. A series of three neuronal networks derived from mice was used to test seven unknown samples. Two of these unknowns later were revealed to be blanks, to which the neuronal networks did not respond. Of the five remaining unknowns, a significant change in network activity was detected for four of the compounds at concentrations below a lethal level for humans: mercuric chloride, sodium arsenite, phosdrin and chlordimeform. These compounds - two heavy metals, an organophosphate and an insecticide - demonstrate the breadth of detection possible with neuronal networks. The results generated at the workshop show the promise of the neuronal network biosensor as an environmental detector but there is still considerable effort needed to produce a device suitable for routine environmental threat monitoring. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP O'Shaughnessy, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tjo@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1002/jat.1026 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 863VS UT WOS:000224592100012 PM 15478174 ER PT J AU Dew, N Velamuri, SR Venkataraman, S AF Dew, N Velamuri, SR Venkataraman, S TI Dispersed knowledge and an entrepreneurial theory of the firm SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING LA English DT Article DE dispersed knowledge; entrepreneurial theory; uncertainty ID UNCERTAINTY; COSTS; RISK; ORGANIZATION; OWNERSHIP AB In this article, we propose an entrepreneurial theory of the firm that is based on dispersed knowledge. We argue that the dispersion of knowledge over people and places and over time leads to uncertainty. This uncertainty, combined with heterogeneous expectations and the nexus of an individual and opportunity, explains the emergence of new firms. We then suggest that the theory of the firm proposed by us answers questions that have been overlooked by alternative theories. The specific question we discuss in this article is when and why an entrepreneurial opportunity will be taken to market through an existing firm, and when and why a new firm will be chosen as a vehicle for taking a new idea to market, i.e., whether the residual will be concentrated in an existing or in a new firm. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. IESE, Sch Business, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Virginia, Darden Grad Sch Business, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Dew, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM NDew@NPS.Navy.Mil NR 44 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0883-9026 J9 J BUS VENTURING JI J. Bus. Ventur. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 659 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.09.004 PG 21 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 836LO UT WOS:000222557400004 ER PT J AU Chun, HY Song, IS Baik, JJ Kim, YJ AF Chun, HY Song, IS Baik, JJ Kim, YJ TI Impact of a convectively forced gravity wave drag parameterization in NCAR CCM3 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MOMENTUM FLUX; CUMULUS CONVECTION; PARAMETRIZATION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY AB A parameterization of gravity wave drag forced by subgrid-scale cumulus convection (GWDC) proposed by Chun and Baik is implemented into the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (NCAR CCM3) and its effect on perpetual January and July climate is investigated. The cloud-top gravity wave stress is concentrated in the intertropical convergence zone where persistent deep cumulus clouds exist. The resultant zonal wind acceleration due to the breaking of convectively forced gravity waves is predominantly found in the tropical lower stratosphere with westerly acceleration above cloud top and easterly acceleration just below it. Since the parameterized gravity waves are stationary relative to convective clouds, wave breaking occurs mainly in the tropical lower stratosphere where the zonal wind is weak enough for wave saturation. It is shown that the GWDC parameterization significantly alleviates the systematic model biases of zonal-mean zonal wind and temperature. In particular, excessive easterlies in the tropical stratosphere and excessive cold temperatures in the tropical lower stratosphere are reduced by more than 50% by including the GWDC parameterization. The horizontal wind divergence field in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is also significantly improved with the GWDC parameterization. The impact of the GWDC parameterization extends to mid- to high latitudes through planetary wave activity in the winter hemisphere. The increased amplitude of zonal wavenumber 3 in the January Northern Hemisphere and the increased amplitude of zonal wavenumber 2 in the July Southern Hemisphere lead to significant improvements in model performance. The impact of the GWDC parameterization on Eliassen - Palm (EP) flux divergence forcing by stationary waves is generally opposite to that by transient waves in the extratropics, especially in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime. Hence, the zonal-mean zonal wind change by the GWDC parameterization occurs mainly in the Tropics by direct gravity wave drag forcing. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Chun, HY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM chy@atmos.yonsei.ac.kr NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3530 EP 3547 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3530:IOACFG>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 857UT UT WOS:000224144800004 ER PT J AU Campbell, KM Vaughn, AF Russell, KL Smith, B Jimenez, DL Barrozo, CP Minarcik, JR Crum, NF Ryan, MAK AF Campbell, KM Vaughn, AF Russell, KL Smith, B Jimenez, DL Barrozo, CP Minarcik, JR Crum, NF Ryan, MAK TI Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in an outbreak of disease among military trainees in San Diego, California, in 2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; CHILDREN; EMERGENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PATHOGEN; INCREASE; ADULTS AB An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections was observed in a population of U.S. military trainees in the summer of 2002. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 206 trainees, 22 of whom had MRSA infections. Factors associated with infection were described by multivariable logistic regression modeling and included having a roommate in training with a prior skin infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.44) or having a family member or friend who worked in a health care setting (OR = 2.79). Previous antibiotic use, hospitalization, or health problems were not associated with MRSA infection. This outbreak of MRSA skin infections in an otherwise-healthy, well-defined, military population provided an opportunity to describe risk factors for CA-MRSA which may help focus prevention efforts in this and other communities. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Russell@nhrc.navy.mil NR 31 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 4050 EP 4053 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4050-4053.2004 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 854KQ UT WOS:000223902000021 PM 15364988 ER PT J AU Pierre, M Valtchanov, I Altieri, B Andreon, S Bolzonella, M Bremer, M Disseau, L Dos Santos, S Gandhi, P Jean, C Pacaud, F Read, A Refregier, A Willis, J Adami, C Alloin, D Birkinshaw, M Chiappetti, L Cohen, A Detal, A Duc, PA Gosset, E Hjorth, J Jones, L Le Fevre, O Lonsdale, C Maccagni, D Mazure, A McBreen, B McCracken, H Mellier, Y Ponman, T Quintana, H Rottgering, H Smette, A Surdej, J Starck, JL Vigroux, L White, S AF Pierre, M Valtchanov, I Altieri, B Andreon, S Bolzonella, M Bremer, M Disseau, L Dos Santos, S Gandhi, P Jean, C Pacaud, F Read, A Refregier, A Willis, J Adami, C Alloin, D Birkinshaw, M Chiappetti, L Cohen, A Detal, A Duc, PA Gosset, E Hjorth, J Jones, L Le Fevre, O Lonsdale, C Maccagni, D Mazure, A McBreen, B McCracken, H Mellier, Y Ponman, T Quintana, H Rottgering, H Smette, A Surdej, J Starck, JL Vigroux, L White, S TI The XMM-LSS survey. Survey design and first results SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; lensing ID GALAXY CLUSTER SURVEY; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; SCALE STRUCTURE SURVEY; LOG S RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; WARPS SURVEY; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; SAMPLE; CONSTRAINTS AB The XMM Large Scale Structure survey (XMM-LSS) is a medium deep large area X-ray survey. Its goal is to extend large scale structure investigations attempted using ROSAT cluster samples to two redshift bins between 01 clusters. The results are promising and, so far, in accordance with our predictions. In particular: (1) we reproduce the log N-log S distribution for point sources obtained from deeper surveys at our sensitivity; (2) we find a cluster number density of 15-20 deg(-2); (3) for the first time, we statistically sample the group mass regime at a redshift out to similar to0.5. C1 CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. XMM Sci Operat Ctr, Villafranca Dasti, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, Milan, Italy. IASF, Milan, Italy. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris, France. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. Astrophys Lab, Marseille, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Astron Observ, Copenhagen, Denmark. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Coll, Dept Phys, Dublin, Ireland. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Pierre, M (reprint author), CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM mpierre@cea.fr RI Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015; OI Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298; Altieri, Bruno/0000-0003-3936-0284; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607; Chiappetti, Lucio/0000-0001-7857-7908; Andreon, Stefano/0000-0002-2041-8784 NR 48 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD SEP PY 2004 IS 9 AR 011 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2004/09/011 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 859IZ UT WOS:000224257900005 ER PT J AU Hisnanick, JJ AF Hisnanick, JJ TI A resource to evaluate welfare reform: The survey of program dynamics (SPD) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ISSUES LA English DT Article C1 US Bur Census, Housing & Household Econ Stat Div, Longitudinal Income Stat Branch, Washington, DC 20233 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Hisnanick, JJ (reprint author), US Bur Census, Housing & Household Econ Stat Div, Longitudinal Income Stat Branch, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, DEPT OF ECONOMICS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996-0550 USA SN 0021-3624 J9 J ECON ISSUES JI J. Econ. Issues PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 846 EP 853 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 853AR UT WOS:000223798900015 ER PT J AU Hisnanick, JJ AF Hisnanick, JJ TI Machine dreams: Economics becomes a cyborg science SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ISSUES LA English DT Book Review C1 US Bur Census, Washington, DC 20233 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Hisnanick, JJ (reprint author), US Bur Census, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, DEPT OF ECONOMICS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996-0550 USA SN 0021-3624 J9 J ECON ISSUES JI J. Econ. Issues PD SEP PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 875 EP 877 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 853AR UT WOS:000223798900024 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, SA TI Large-scale disturbances and their mitigation downstream of shallow cavities covered by a perforated lid SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SELF-SUSTAINED OSCILLATIONS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; SHEAR-LAYER; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; MODEL AB Flow past cavities covered by perforated lids pose a challenging problem for design engineers. Kelvin-Helmholtz waves appear early in the separated shear layers above the perforations that quickly mature into large-scale coherent structures far downstream. This evolution is sustained by a hydrodynamic feedback mechanism within the cavity even when its aft wall is far removed from the lid. Herein, the results from large-eddy simulations show analogous fundamental characteristics between open and perforated-cover cavities. Both adequately scale the fundamental frequency of the large-scale disturbance using the freestream velocity and the cavity width (or lid length). Moreover, the dimensionless frequencies jump to higher modes at equivalent length scales. Unlike the open cavity, one can invoke certain conditions that instigate the instability above the perforations but not a simultaneous long-term feedback mechanism necessary to fully sustain the periodic oscillation. The lid itself offers options for mitigating (or even eliminating) the instability. Results (for laminar separation) show the perforation spacing as the key factor While maintaining the same fundamental frequency, one can easily dampen its spectral peak to complete disappearance by extending the peforation spacing. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jordansa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2004 VL 126 IS 5 BP 851 EP 860 DI 10.1115/1.1792270 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 880QY UT WOS:000225805500018 ER PT J AU Shen, ZX Thomas, JJ Siuzdak, G Blackledge, RD AF Shen, ZX Thomas, JJ Siuzdak, G Blackledge, RD TI A case study on forensic polymer analysis by DIOS-MS: The suspect who gave us the SLIP (R) SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Semi-Annual Seminar of the California-Association-of-Criminalists CY OCT, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Calif Assoc Criminalists DE forensic science; sexual assault; desorption ionization on silicon time of flight mass spectrometry; polyethylene glycol; nonoxynol-9 ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION-IONIZATION; POROUS SILICON AB New technology was used to identify traces of a commercial barrier/spermicide in evidence from a case of a man accused of rape of a minor. Examination of vaginal swabs performed by another laboratory had been negative for seminal fluid or other sources of DNA from the suspect and we were asked to examine the remaining swabs for any traces that might have originated from the commercial product. Encare(R) consists of vaginal inserts having a suppository-like shape. They contain the spermicide, nonoxynol-9, in a matrix consisting of approximately two parts polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 to one part PEG 1450, plus minor inorganic components added to produce foaming. Portions of the cotton from vaginal swabs from the victim and penile swabs from the suspect were extracted with methanol and subsequently examined by desorption ionization on silicon time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DIOS TOF MS). Low levels of PEG in the same mass range as Encare(R) were found on two separate vaginal swabs from the victim and one penile swab from the suspect. Subsequent to these findings, the suspect (through his attorneys) provided us with a sample of SLIP(R) Plus, a commercial sexual lubricant that also contains nonoxynol-9. Traces of PEG in the same mass range as Encare(R) were found in this sample, while no PEG was found in a scaled sample of SLIP(R) Plus provided by the manufacturer. At trial the suspect's attorneys stipulated that their client had added some Encare(R) to the SLIP(R) Plus sample he had provided. C1 Univ Calif La Jolla, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA USA. Scripps Res Inst, Beckman Ctr Chem Sci, La Jolla, CA USA. USN, Criminal Invest Serv, Reg Forens Lab, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Blackledge, RD (reprint author), NCISRFL, 3405 Welles St,Ste 3, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. EM rblackle@ncis.navy.mil NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1035 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 849YP UT WOS:000223577900021 PM 15461106 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI The French Army 1750-1820: Careers, talent, merit. SO JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0022-1953 J9 J INTERDISCIPL HIST JI J. Interdiscip. Hist. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 298 EP 300 DI 10.1162/0022195041742175 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 851AO UT WOS:000223656800018 ER PT J AU Windover, LAB Ebeling, KJ Lee, JN Meindl, J Miller, DAB AF Windover, LAB Ebeling, KJ Lee, JN Meindl, J Miller, DAB TI Guest editorial - Special issue on Optical Interconnects SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Agilent Technol Inc, Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Ulm, Abt Optoelektron, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Stanford Univ, Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Windover, LAB (reprint author), Agilent Technol Inc, Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RI Miller, David/C-4829-2009 OI Miller, David/0000-0002-3633-7479 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 22 IS 9 BP 2018 EP 2020 DI 10.1109/JLT.2004.835762 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 852ZZ UT WOS:000223796900001 ER PT J AU Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Green, MM AF Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Green, MM TI Counterintuitive influence of microscopic chirality on helical order in polymers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE helical order; polymers; chirality AB Studies of copolymers of chiral and achiral units forming a helical array correlate to statistical physical predictions of the influence of the chiral units on the helical sense taken by the array. In the absence of conflict among the chiral units for helical sense control, the sergeants and soldiers experiment, a larger chiral bias leads to increased control. However, when conflict exists among the chiral units for helical sense control, the majority rule experiment, a larger chiral bias leads to decreased control of the helical sense and therefore a smaller optical activity. Changing the achiral units in the majority rule experiment can change the nature of the statistical physics between statistical and thermal randomness. In general, the experiments quantitatively demonstrate that the effect of chirality is not an intrinsic property of the chiral moiety but rather depends on the molecular environment. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Green, MM (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM jselinger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; mgreen@duke.poly.edu RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0894-3230 J9 J PHYS ORG CHEM JI J. Phys. Org. Chem. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 17 IS 9 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1002/poc.786 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 848IW UT WOS:000223461900002 ER PT J AU Sam-Yellowe, TY Florens, L Wang, TM Raine, JD Carucci, DJ Sinden, R Yates, JR AF Sam-Yellowe, TY Florens, L Wang, TM Raine, JD Carucci, DJ Sinden, R Yates, JR TI Proteome analysis of rhoptry-enriched fractions isolated from Plasmodium merozoites SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; blood stages; MudPIT; rhoptry; organelle; proteome ID YOELII-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; HOST-CELL INVASION; MASS-SPECTRAL DATA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; GENOME SEQUENCE; LIFE-CYCLE; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; IDENTIFICATION AB The rhoptries of Plasmodium species participate in merozoite invasion and modification of the host erythrocyte. However, only a few rhoptry proteins have been identified using conventional gene identification protocols. To investigate the protein organization of this organelle and to identify new rhoptry proteins, merozoite rhoptries from three different Plasmodium rodent species were enriched by sucrose density gradient fractionation, and subjected to proteome analysis using multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT); 148 proteins were identified. To distinguish abundant cellular contaminants from bona fide organellar proteins, a differential analysis comparing the proteins in the rhoptry-enriched fractions to proteins identified from whole cell lysates of P. berghei mixed asexual blood stages was undertaken. In addition, the proteins detected were analyzed for the presence of transmembrane domains, secretory signal peptide, cell adhesion motifs, and/or rhoptry-specific tyrosine-sorting motifs. Combining the differential analysis and bioinformatic approaches, a set of 36 proteins was defined as being potentially located to the Plasmodium rhoptries. Among these potential rhoptry proteins were homologues of known rhoptry proteins, proteases, and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Molecular characterization and understanding of the supramolecular organization of these novel potential rhoptry proteins may assist in the identification of new intervention targets for the asexual blood stages of malaria. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, Immunol & Infect Sect, London SW7 2AZ, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sam-Yellowe, TY (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM ilibot@hotmail.com OI Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR11823]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI36470] NR 42 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 5 BP 995 EP 1001 DI 10.1021/pr049926m PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865HR UT WOS:000224693800010 PM 15473688 ER PT J AU Mizine, I Amromin, E Crook, L Day, W Korpus, R AF Mizine, I Amromin, E Crook, L Day, W Korpus, R TI High-speed trimaran drag: Numerical analysis and model tests SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A numerical technique for high-speed trimaran resistance calculation is developed. The technique is based on the modified viscous-inviscid interaction concept and quasi-linear theory of wave resistance (Amromin et al 1984). The key element of this technique, which is called modified quasi-linear theory (MQLT), is an account of Froude number influence on the ship trim, transom drag, and wetted surface. This influence leads to appearance of a drag component that significantly depends on both Reynolds number and Froude number. This component has been traditionally included in residuary drag in the model test data. The presented preliminary numerical results were obtained with simplifications of the boundary layer theory that are acceptable for slender hulls. Calculated drag is in sufficient accordance with results of model tests. The MQLT computations of boundary layers are also compared with the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculations (one-equation turbulence model by Spalart and Allmaras 1992) at model and ship scale Reynolds numbers. An analysis of the model-ship scale correlation factor for high-speed slender hulls with transom sterns and diverse mutual position of the trimaran hulls is done. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Mechmath LLC, Prior Lake, MN USA. NSWC, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD USA. Appl Fluid Technol Inc, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Mizine, I (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 248 EP 259 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 851MO UT WOS:000223689400005 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI When champagne became French: Wine and the making of a national identity. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 219 EP 221 DI 10.1353/jsh.2004.0078 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 854EB UT WOS:000223882500014 ER PT J AU Gershfeld, J AF Gershfeld, J TI Leading edge noise from thick foils in turbulent flows SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOW MACH NUMBERS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; JET NOISE; PRESSURE; AIRFOIL; SURFACE; SOUND AB The prediction of dipole sound from the diffraction of turbulence by the leading edge of a rigid foil is made using acoustic analogies for homogeneous flows with and without mean shear. The Green's function accounts for the foil thickness and leading edge shape. A comparison between the theory and published measurements suggests that the foil thickness exponentially attenuates the dipole sound pressure power spectrum by the product of the convection wavenumber and half the maximum section thickness. The ratio of the predicted dipole sound from the mean shear source to the source without mean shear is determined to be proportional to the ratio of the mean shear to the frequency of the sources. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gershfeld, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 725, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM Gershfeld@nswccd.navy.mil NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 1416 EP 1426 DI 10.1121/1.1780575 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 853OJ UT WOS:000223836600012 ER PT J AU Tressler, JF Howarth, TR Carney, WL AF Tressler, JF Howarth, TR Carney, WL TI Thin, lightweight electroacoustic projector for low frequency underwater applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001 Conference CY NOV, 2001 CL Honolulu, HI SP MTS, IEEE ID TRANSDUCER; CYMBAL AB A thin, lightweight oil-filled electroacoustic projector has been designed and fabricated for application on unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and autonomous unmanned vehicles (AUVs) used in littoral environments. The projector has dimensions of 381 mm x 280 mm x 64 mm and weighs 26 N in water. The acoustic aperture consists of 294 cymbal-type miniature Class V flextensional drivers. These 294 elements are divided into six independent modules of 49 cymbals wired together electrically in parallel. The six modules, in turn, are wired so that they can be easily combined together. electrically either in parallel, series, or as a combination of both. Based on the VA power curve and a low duty cycle input voltage, an acoustic source level of at least 180 dB (re: 1 muPa @ 1 m) is attainable across the frequency span similar to3-15 kHz. This particular design is best suited for shallow water, but is shown to still be operable at water depths up to 200 meters without significant degradation in performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Tressler, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tressler@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 1536 EP 1543 DI 10.1121/1.1778742 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 853OJ UT WOS:000223836600024 ER PT J AU Calvo, DC AF Calvo, DC TI A wide-angle on-surface radiation condition applied to scattering by spheroids SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FORMULATION AB A rational approximation of the pseudo-differential Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for a circular cylinder is made using zero placement. For an acoustically hard circular cylinder, this zero corresponds to the dominant creeping-wave singularity in the residue series for the time-harmonic free-space surface Green's function. Based on this operator, a wide-angle on-surface radiation condition (OSRC) is developed first for two-dimensional slender convex bodies. For the object scattering problem, this OSRC is accurate for wide-scattering angles relative to the surface normal. The notion of creeping waves is then used to develop a wide-angle, three-dimensional OSRC applicable to smooth convex bodies. Application to both hard and soft, prolate and oblate spheroids is presented, and excellent agreement is found in comparison with a more costly technique. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvo, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM calvo@aegir.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 1549 EP 1558 DI 10.1121/1.1777874 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 853OJ UT WOS:000223836600026 ER PT J AU Valdivia, N Williams, EG AF Valdivia, N Williams, EG TI Implicit methods of solution to integral formulations in boundary element method based nearfield acoustic holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND SOURCE RECONSTRUCTION; SURFACE INTEGRALS; INVERSE METHODS; SOURCE STRENGTH; 3 DIMENSIONS; FIELD; RADIATION; EQUATION; PART; GEOMETRIES AB Two integral equation methods are considered which can be inverted to provide the surface velocity and/or pressure given measurement of the pressure on an imaginary surface in the nearfield of a vibrating or scattering body. This problem is central to nearfield acoustical holography (NAH). The integral equations are discretized using boundary element methods (BEMs). The integral equation methods considered are (1) an indirect formulation method based on the single layer integral equation and (2) a direct formulation method based on a system of equations derived from the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral equation. The formation of integral equations from the mentioned methods will not involve the explicit inversion of matrices, but instead will require this inversion to be done implicitly: Since these methods back-track the sound field from the measurement surface to the surface of the source/vibrator they are ill-posed in nature and Tikhonov regularization are used to stabilize the reconstruction. Problems are noted with the use of higher order shape functions in the BEM discretization which are detrimental to the inversion, and it is shown that the breakdown of the method at the interior resonance frequencies can be mitigated successfully. These two approaches are compared with the conventional direct method using measured experimental data from a point-driven rectangular plate. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Valdivia, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM valdivia@pa.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3 BP 1559 EP 1572 DI 10.1121/1.1777854 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 853OJ UT WOS:000223836600027 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JR White, TW Martin, BL Turner, ML Holland, SM AF Montgomery, JR White, TW Martin, BL Turner, ML Holland, SM TI A novel connexin 26 gene mutation associated with features of the keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome and the follicular occlusion triad SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEARING-LOSS; SKIN; DIFFERENTIATION; FAMILIES; DATABASE AB We report the case of a congenitally deaf white mate with mild palmoplantar keratoderma, ichthyosiform scaling, follicular hyperkeratosis, and mild keratitis, features consistent with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome. His major problem was severe, disfiguring, inflammatory dissecting folliculitis of the scalp, hidradenitis suppurativa, and cystic acne, features comprising the follicular occlusion triad. This unusual phenotype is associated with a novel heterozygous point mutation (C119T) in the gap junction beta2 gene that substitutes a valine for alanine at codon 40 (A40V) in the connexin 26 protein. Through Xenopus oocyte expression studies, this mutant protein was shown to significantly disrupt the function of the specialized gap junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells critical for tissue homeostasis. Mutations within the connexin 26 protein are associated with syndromes involving both sensorineural deafness and hyperkeratotic skin disorders. This is the first report of an association between a connexin 26 protein mutation, follicular hyperkeratosis of keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, and severe follicular occlusion triad. C1 USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NIAID, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Montgomery, JR (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM jrmontgomery@bethesda.med.navy.mil OI White, Thomas/0000-0002-3285-7434 NR 21 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.042 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 851RX UT WOS:000223704100009 PM 15337980 ER PT J AU Morgan, ED Pasquarella, M Holman, JR AF Morgan, ED Pasquarella, M Holman, JR TI Continuity of care and patient satisfaction in a family practice clinic SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIAN; EMERGENCY; ASSOCIATION; IMPACT AB Background: Continuity is a tenant central to family practice. Continuity is associated with improved satisfaction in populations that can easily change providers. However, little is known about the importance of continuity where patients are assigned providers. Methods: A pretested survey was distributed to patients of a family practice residency clinic in a military medical center for a week's period. Results were analyzed using chi(2), unpaired t test, correlation matrices, and linear regression for patient satisfaction. Results: The response rate was 68.3%. Responders were not more likely to be seeing their primary care provider (PCP). Regression analysis revealed that 12% of patient satisfaction was associated with long-term continuity rates, 23% by PCP satisfaction, and 17% by how easy it was to make the appointment. For high clinic users (> 10 visits/year), 78% of patient satisfaction is determined by PCP satisfaction and long-term continuity rates. A subset of patients (13%) values choice of appointment time or other providers over PCP continuity. Satisfaction is not diminished in this group despite low long-term continuity ( P <.05 for all results). Conclusions: Patient satisfaction is associated with continuity, especially for high clinic users. Although continuity is important, a subset of patients values the ability to see other providers and to change providers. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Holman, JR (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Family Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. EM jrholman@cpen.med.navy.mil NR 21 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY PRACTICE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 0893-8652 J9 J AM BOARD FAM PRACT JI J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 852MV UT WOS:000223760300005 PM 15355947 ER PT J AU Randel, WJ Wu, F Oltmans, SJ Rosenlof, K Nedoluha, GE AF Randel, WJ Wu, F Oltmans, SJ Rosenlof, K Nedoluha, GE TI Interannual changes of stratospheric water vapor and correlations with tropical tropopause temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; RADIO OCCULTATION; III MEASUREMENTS; QBO VARIATIONS; POLAR OZONE; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; POAM AB Interannual variations of stratospheric water vapor over 1992-2003 are studied using Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite measurements. Interannual anomalies in water vapor with an approximate 2-yr periodicity are evident near the tropical tropopause, and these propagate vertically and latitudinally with the mean stratospheric transport circulation (in a manner analogous to the seasonal "tape recorder''). Unusually low water vapor anomalies are observed in the lower stratosphere for 2001-03. These interannual anomalies are also observed in Arctic lower-stratospheric water vapor measurements by the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) satellite instrument during 1998-2003. Comparisons of the HALOE data with balloon measurements of lower-stratospheric water vapor at Boulder, Colorado (40degreesN), show partial agreement for seasonal and interannual changes during 1992-2002, but decadal increases observed in the balloon measurements for this period are not observed in HALOE data. Interannual changes in HALOE water vapor are well correlated with anomalies in tropical tropopause temperatures. The approximate 2-yr periodicity is attributable to tropopause temperature changes associated with the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM randel@ucar.edu RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 NR 63 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 17 BP 2133 EP 2148 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2133:ICOSWV>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850IX UT WOS:000223605700002 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD AF Jiang, QF Doyle, JD TI Gravity wave breaking over the central Alps: Role of complex terrain SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE MOUNTAIN WAVES; SEVERE DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; 3 SPATIAL DIMENSIONS; BOULDER WINDSTORM; DRAG; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; TURBULENCE; MOMENTUM; FLOW AB The characteristics of gravity waves excited by the complex terrain of the central Alps during the intensive observational period (IOP) 8 of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (AP) is studied through the analysis of aircraft in situ measurements, GPS dropsondes, radiosondes, airborne lidar data, and numerical simulations. Mountain wave breaking occurred over the central Alps on 21 October 1999, associated with wind shear, wind turning, and a critical level with Richardson number less than unity just above the flight level (similar to5.7 km) of the research aircraft NCAR Electra. The Electra flew two repeated transverses across the Otztaler Alpen, during which localized turbulence was sampled. The observed maximum vertical motion was 9 m s(-1), corresponding to a turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) maximum of 10.5 m(2) s(-2). Spectrum analysis indicates an inertia subrange up to 5-km wavelength and multiple energy-containing spikes corresponding to a wide range of wavelengths. Manual analysis of GPS dropsonde data indicates the presence of strong flow descent and a downslope windstorm over the lee slope of the Otztaler Alpen. Farther downstream, a transition occurs across a deep hydraulic jump associated with the ascent of isentropes and local wind reversal. During the first transverse, the turbulent region is convectively unstable as indicated by a positive sensible heat flux within the turbulent portion of the segment. The TKE derived from the flight-level data indicates multiple narrow spikes, which match the patterns shown in the diagnosed buoyancy production rate of TKE. The turbulence is nonisotropic with the major TKE contribution from the v-wind component. The convectively unstable zone is advected downstream during the second transverse and the turbulence becomes much stronger and more isotropic. The downslope windstorm, flow descent, and transition to turbulence through a hydraulic jump are captured by a real-data Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Predition System (COAMPS) simulation. Several idealized simulations are performed motivated by the observations of multiscale waves forced by the complex terrain underneath. The simulations indicate that multiscale terrain promotes wave breaking, increases mountain drag, and enhances the downslope winds and TKE generation. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 61 IS 18 BP 2249 EP 2266 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2249:GWBOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 855NY UT WOS:000223981900002 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF Nee, TW AF Nee, SMF Nee, TW TI Polarization of transmission scattering simulated by using a multiple-facets model SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL MUELLER MATRIX; ROUGH-SURFACE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPECULAR REFLECTION; NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; ERROR ANALYSIS; DEPOLARIZATION; ELEMENTS AB A Mueller matrix for scattering by a rough plane surface of a glass hemisphere was simulated by using a microfacet model. The algorithms are formulated in vector representation in terms of the input and output directions. The single-facet scattering simulation used the results of the Kirchhoff integral for medium rough surfaces with exponential height distribution. Scatterings by two or more facets were also simulated: For a fixed angle between the incident and the detection directions, the transmission scattering and its polarization properties were symmetric when plotted against the off-specular incident angle. The single-facet model generated no depolarization or polarization change. When double-facet scattering was included, polarizations were changed appreciably while depolarization. was still very small. Depolarization increased appreciably when scattering by higher orders was included. The simulated results that include all orders of scattering fit excellently to the measured scattering transmittance and its polarization and depolarization. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1635 EP 1644 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.001635 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 848PK UT WOS:000223479400005 PM 15384429 ER PT J AU Auge, BK Sekula, JJ Springhart, WP Zhu, SL Zhong, P Preminger, GM AF Auge, BK Sekula, JJ Springhart, WP Zhu, SL Zhong, P Preminger, GM TI In vitro comparison of fragmentation efficiency of flexible pneumatic lithotripsy using 2 flexible ureteroscopes SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; ureter; calculi; lithotripsy; ureteroscopes ID POLE RENAL CALCULI; ENDOSCOPE DEFLECTION; COMBINATION; MANAGEMENT; LITHOCLAST; IMPACTOR; PROBES AB Purpose: Pneumatic lithotripsy has been shown to be an effective and safe intracorporeal lithotripsy modality for renal and ureteral calculi, capable of fragmenting stones of all compositions. We determined the in vitro stone fragmentation abilities of the 0.5 mm flexible pneumatic lithotripsy probe when inserted through the working channel of 2, 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope designs (straight working channel and offset working channel at approximately 30 degrees from the long axis of the endoscope). The velocity and displacement of the pneumatic probe tip were also evaluated with the probe inserted through each endoscope. Materials and Methods: The 0.5 mm (1.5Fr) stainless steel probe was tested at 5 deflection angles, namely 0, 12, 24, 33 and 48 degrees, at a pneumatic pressure of 2.5 bar when inserted through the offset and straight working channel ureteroscopes. A noncontact optical laser system was used to measure or calculate the displacement and velocity of the 0.5 ram probe tip at each angle of deflection with the 2 ureteroscopes. Fragmentation at all deflection angles was assessed using plaster of Paris stone phantoms with the pneumatic device on continuous mode at 2.5 bar pressure for 30 seconds. Stones were weighed after each fragmentation cycle and the percent weight lost was determined. Comparisons were made between the 2 ureteroscopes at each angle. Results: Probe tip displacement was significantly better through the straight channel ureteroscope with 30% improvement at all angles tested compared to the offset channel. Moreover, a substantial decrement in tip displacement was noted as the angle of deflection increased regardless of the endoscope used. Conversely tip velocity was relatively unchanged throughout the study and it was equivalent from straight to offset channel measurements. Phantom stone fragmentation correlated inversely with the severity of the deflection angle. An approximately 80% loss of fragmentation ability was noted as the angle increased from 0 to 48 degrees. Although the pneumatic device performed better through the straight channel scope, a. similar percent loss in fragmentation from 0 to 48 degrees was seen when using either endoscope. Conclusions: The flexible pneumatic 0.5 mm lithotripsy probe appears to be best used through a straight channel flexible ureteroscope, out performing use through the offset channel scope at all angles of deflection. Tip displacement and fragmentation ability were inversely related to the degree of active deflection as the angle increased from 0 to 48 degrees. Use of the flexible pneumatic probe to aid in managing renal or proximal ureteral calculi may be limited until an improved probe can be developed, allowing complete and unencumbered fragmentation throughout all angles of deflection. C1 USN, Dept Urol, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Duke Univ, Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Div Urol, Dept Surg,Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NC USA. RP Auge, BK (reprint author), USN, Dept Urol, Ctr Med, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bkauge@nmesd.med.navy.mil RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 172 IS 3 BP 967 EP 970 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000134380.68368.38 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 847GE UT WOS:000223379900040 PM 15311011 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Crosby, R Bennett, J Felch, S AF Thompson, PE Crosby, R Bennett, J Felch, S TI Formation of p(+) shallow junctions using SiGe barriers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; BORON-DIFFUSION; ULTRASHALLOW JUNCTIONS; ENHANCED DIFFUSION; THERMAL-STABILITY; ION IMPLANTS; SILICON; SI1-XGEX; GROWTH; BF2 AB Ultrashallow p(+) junctions are required for next generation electronics. We present a technique for the formation of ultrashallow p(+) junctions that increases the thermal stability of the junctions formed by either epitaxy or ion implantation. By using a 10 nm Si1-xGex barrier layer, the diffusion of B is inhibited during high temperature processes. Alloys having a composition from x=0-0.4 were investigated and it is shown that the most effective barrier had the maximum Ge fraction. The junction depth decreased to 36.7 nm for a 5 X 10(15)/cm(2) I kV BF3 plasma implant spike annealed at 1050 degreesC, compared to a junction depth of 48 nm for a Si control sample having the identical implant and anneal. It is hypothesized that the inhibition of B diffusion in the alloy layer is caused by a reduction of the Si self-interstitials in the alloy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Int SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. Appl Mat Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 2333 EP 2336 DI 10.1116/1.1784825 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 870HN UT WOS:000225048300016 ER PT J AU Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM AF Hourani, LL Yuan, HX Bray, RM TI Psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of premenstrual symptoms among military women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PERCEIVED STRESS; SEEKING BEHAVIOR; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH SURVEY; DEPRESSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; DISORDERS; HISTORY AB Background: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of self-reported premenstrual symptoms among a large, population-based sample of reproductive age, active-duty women. Methods: Data were obtained from a combined dataset of two large-scale mail surveys designed to represent the total force. Subjects included in the present study were 6026 active-duty women of all branches of military service stratified by service, paygrade group, race/ethnicity, and location. A multivariate approach is used to evaluate the interrelationships among psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of premenstrual symptoms or pain after controlling for demographic differences in women who reported premenstrual symptoms or pain during the past 3 months (cases) and those who did not (controls). Results: Premenstrual symptoms were reported by nearly 2 of every 3 reproductive age women. Women reporting premenstrual symptoms were more likely to report other symptoms of menstrual dysfunction, two or more current medical conditions, migraines, and healthcare provider visits in the past year. After controlling for the protective effects of taking DepoProvera (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) and ever being pregnant, younger age, trying to lose weight, heavier drinking, poorer self-perceived health, and overall job stress were the most significant predictors of premenstrual symptoms. The greatest risk factor was a high level of job stress, with an almost 3-fold increase in risk relative to those without symptoms. Conclusions: Work stress may mediate the relationship among depression and premenstrual symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological interrelationships among work stress, hormonal function, and premenstrual symptomatology. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Hourani, LL (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Hourani@rti.org NR 54 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 7 BP 812 EP 821 DI 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.812 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 859MM UT WOS:000224268000007 PM 15385075 ER PT J AU Skufca, JD Bollt, EM AF Skufca, JD Bollt, EM TI Communication and synchronization in disconnected networks with dynamic topology: Moving neighborhood networks SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE disease spread in communities; epidemiology; mathematical model; nonlinear dynamics; self-organization; communication in complex networks ID COMPLEX NETWORKS AB We consider systems that are well modelled as networks that evolve in time, which we call Moving Neighborhood Networks. These models are relevant in studying cooperative behavior of swarms and other phenomena where emergent interactions arise from ad hoc networks. In a natural way, the time-averaged degree distribution gives rise to a scale-free network. Simulations show that although the network may have many noncommunicating components, the recent weighted time-averaged communication is sufficient to yield robust synchronization of chaotic oscillators. In particular, we contend that such time-varying networks are important to model in the situation where each agent carries a pathogen (such as a disease) in which the pathogen's life-cycle has a natural time-scale which competes with the time-scale of movement of the agents, and thus with the networks communication channels. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Skufca, JD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM skufca@usna.edu; bolltem@clarkson.edu NR 16 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1547-1063 J9 MATH BIOSCI ENG JI Math. Biosci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 1 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 948CI UT WOS:000230693200009 PM 20369976 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Crum, NF AF Lederman, ER Crum, NF TI A case series and focused review of nocardiosis - Clinical and microbiologic aspects SO MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID PRIMARY CUTANEOUS NOCARDIOSIS; RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; ASTEROIDES INFECTION; PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS; BRASILIENSIS INFECTION; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; BLOOD CULTURE AB Nocardia species are ubiquitous soil organisms that often infect patients with underlying immune compromise, pulmonary disease, or a history of surgery or trauma. We report 5 cases of nocardiosis representing various aspects of this "great imitator": 1) pneumonia in the setting of underlying malignancy, 2) chronic pneumonia with drug-resistant organism, 3) bacteremia and empyema with chronic hematologic malignancy, 4) primary cutaneous disease, and 5) sternal wound infection. We present a summary of the English literature from 1966 to 2003 with a focus on the teaching points of each of our 5 cases as well as the background epidemiology and microbiology of the Nocardia genus. Isolation of the organism may be achieved with routine media but longer incubation times may be necessary, delaying diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Treatment with a sulfa-containing regimen is standard of care, but resistance testing is warranted given emerging drug resistance, high rates of discontinuation due to adverse reactions, and the potential for nephrotoxicity in transplant recipients on cyclosporine. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, ERL, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, NFC, Infect Dis Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM erlederman@yahoo.com; ledermaner@namru2.med NR 141 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7974 J9 MEDICINE JI Medicine (Baltimore) PD SEP PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 300 EP 313 DI 10.1097/01.md.0000141100.30871.39 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 854ZX UT WOS:000223943700005 PM 15342974 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ AF Zerilli, FJ TI Dislocation mechanics-based constitutive equations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM ID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; GLASSY-POLYMERS; FCC METALS; FLOW; RATES; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; TEMPERATURES; PLASTICITY; TITANIUM AB A review of constitutive models based on the mechanics of dislocation motion is presented, with focus on the models of Zerilli and Armstrong and the critical influence of Armstrong on their development. The models were intended to be as simple as possible while still reproducing the behavior of real metals. The key feature of these models is their basis in the thermal activation theory propounded by Eyring in the 1930's. The motion of dislocations is governed by thermal activation over potential barriers produced by obstacles, which may be the crystal lattice itself or other dislocations or defects. Typically, in bcc metals, the dislocation-lattice interaction is predominant, while in fcc metals, the dislocation-dislocation interaction is the most significant. When the dislocation-lattice interaction is predominant, the yield stress is temperature and strain rate sensitive, with essentially athermal strain hardening. When the dislocation-dislocation interaction is predominant, the yield stress is athermal, with a large temperature and rate sensitive strain hardening. In both cases, a significant part of the athermal stress is accounted for by grain size effects, and, in some materials, by the effects of deformation twinning. In addition, some simple strain hardening models are described, starting from a differential equation describing creation and annihilation of mobile dislocations. Finally, an application of thermal activation theory to polymeric materials is described. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM zerillifj@ih.navy.mil NR 51 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2547 EP 2555 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0201-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000002 ER PT J AU Zybin, SV Elert, ML White, CT AF Zybin, SV Elert, ML White, CT TI Nanoscale view of shock-wave splitting in diamond SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROCARBONS; CRYSTAL AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of shock wave propagation in the <110> crystallographic direction of diamond were carried out using a reactive empirical bond order potential. A split two-wave shock structure due to a lattice transformation is observed above a piston velocity threshold of u(p) approximate to 1.8 km/s corresponding to the Hugoniot elastic limit of 125 +/- 15 GPa. This transition is triggered while the temperature increase in the leading shock remains negligibly small in comparison to the melting temperature of diamond and is limited to moderate shock strengths. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zybin, SV (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM carter.white@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2647 EP 2650 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0210-9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000011 ER PT J AU Grinfeld, MA Wright, TW AF Grinfeld, MA Wright, TW TI Morphology of fractured domains in brittle fracture SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM AB We propose a thermodynamic approach, allowing one to determine the shape of the intensively fractured zones (IFZs), simultaneously with the distribution of stress and strain within the IFZ appearing in brittle fracture. The approach combines Gibbs' variational paradigm of the theory of heterogeneous systems with Griffith's variational paradigm of the theory of brittle fracture. We suggest some simple constitutive models for solid substances undergoing brittle fracture and solve some boundary value problems on nucleation of an isolated IFZ within an isotropic elastic material. C1 CNR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grinfeld, MA (reprint author), CNR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mgreenfield@arl.army.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2651 EP 2661 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0211-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000012 ER PT J AU Lanzerotti, YD Sharma, J Armstrong, RW AF Lanzerotti, YD Sharma, J Armstrong, RW TI Atomic force microscopy studies of fracture surfaces of composition B energetic materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; HIGH ACCELERATION; RDX; TNT; ULTRACENTRIFUGE; CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB The characteristics of trinitrotoluene (TNT) crystals in composition B have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size of TNT crystals has been examined by analyzing the surface structure that is exhibited after mechanical failure of the composition B. The mechanical failure occurs when the material is subjected to high acceleration (high g) in an ultracentrifuge and the shear or tensile strength is exceeded. The AFM examination of the topography of the composition B fracture surface reveals fracture across columnar grains of the TNT. The width of the columnar TNT grains ranges in size from similar to1 to similar to2 mum. Their height ranges in size from similar to50 to similar to300 nm. Flat TNT columns alternate with TNT columns containing river patterns that identify the direction of crack growth. Steps in the river patterns are a few nanometers in depth. The TNT constituent fracture surface morphology is shown to occur on such fine scale, beginning from adjacent columnar crystals only 1 to 2 mum in width and including river marking step heights of only a few nanometers, that AFM-type resolution is required even to begin to make clear what has happened. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lanzerotti, YD (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM ylanzero@pica.army.mil NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2675 EP 2679 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0213-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000014 ER PT J AU Oh-Ishi, K McNelley, TR AF Oh-Ishi, K McNelley, TR TI Microstructural modification of As-cast NiAl bronze by friction stir processing SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM ID NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE; STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; ULTRAHIGH CARBON-STEELS; SEA-WATER; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION; PHASES AB The application of friction stir processing (FSP) to a cast NiAl bronze (NAB) material is presented as a means for selective modification of the near-surface layers by converting as-cast microstructures to a wrought condition in the absence of macroscopic shape change. This may enable selective surface hardening of cast components. The complex physical metallurgy of the NAB is reviewed, and microstructure changes associated with FSP for a selected set of processing parameters are examined by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Direct temperature measurement in the stir zone is infeasible and, so, these microstructure changes are used to estimate peak temperatures in the stir zone. The persistence of a Fe3Al phase (kappa(ii)) indicates that peak temperatures are below the solvus for this phase, while the presence of transformation products of the beta phase, including fine Widmanstatten alpha, bainite, and martensite, indicates that peak temperatures exceed the eutectoid temperature for the reaction beta --> alpha + kappa(iii) throughout the stir zone. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-Ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu NR 36 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 24 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2951 EP 2961 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0242-1 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000043 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, JA TI Nuclear strategy and the modern Middle East SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Assessing Alternative Frameworks for Gulf Security CY JAN, 2004 CL Dubai, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Stanley Fdn, Inst Near E & Gulf Mil Anal C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD FAL PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 98 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1061-1924.2004.00169.x PG 20 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 850SX UT WOS:000223633900008 ER PT J AU Farr, RW Gonzalez, MJ Garbauskas, H Zinderman, CE LaMar, JE AF Farr, RW Gonzalez, MJ Garbauskas, H Zinderman, CE LaMar, JE TI Suspected meningococcal meningitis on an aircraft carrier SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; RISK AB A suspected case of meningococcal meningitis was diagnosed in a 24-year-old sailor onboard an aircraft carrier at sea in 2003. He was immediately confined to the ship's hospital ward under respiratory isolation precautions and was treated with intravenously administered antibiotics. His illness resolved without sequelae. A total of 99 close contacts from the ship were identified and given antibiotic prophylaxis, with directly observed therapy. British public health authorities were contacted to trace and treat persons identified as close contacts during a port call a few days before presentation. Managing a communicable disease such as meningococcal meningitis in the austere shipboard environment represents a unique challenge to military medical personnel. Successful management is possible through prompt treatment, respiratory isolation, and open communication between primary health care providers and public health officials. The identification of shipboard close contacts and other infection control procedures used by the ship's medical department are reviewed. C1 USS Harry S Truman, FPO, AE 09524 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Farr, RW (reprint author), USS Harry S Truman, FPO, AE 09524 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 169 IS 9 BP 684 EP 686 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JB UT WOS:000235830300006 ER PT J AU Fischel-Ghodsian, N Kopke, RD Ge, XX AF Fischel-Ghodsian, N Kopke, RD Ge, XX TI Mitochondrial dysfunction in hearing loss SO MITOCHONDRION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Mitochondrial Standards Workshop CY 2002 CL Dallas, TX SP United Mitochondrial Dis Fdn, Mitochondrial Res Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE hearing loss; presbycusis; ototoxicity; noise induced heating loss; mitochondrial dysfunction ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; NON-SYNDROMIC DEAFNESS; ACUTE GLUTAMATE EXCITOTOXICITY; MATERNALLY INHERITED DEAFNESS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; NUCLEAR MODIFIER GENE; AUDITORY HAIR-CELLS; SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Mitochondrial pathology plays an important role in both inherited and acquired hearing loss. Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations have been implicated in both syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss, as well as in predisposition to aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Acquired mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of mitochondrial DNA mutations has also been proposed as playing an important role in noise-induced and toxin-induced hearing loss. Presbycusis, the hearing loss associated with aging, may be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations and other factors. The pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Mitochondria Research Society. C1 Hough Ear Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kopke, RD (reprint author), Hough Ear Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. EM rickkopke@swbell.net NR 139 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1567-7249 EI 1872-8278 J9 MITOCHONDRION JI Mitochondrion PD SEP PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5-6 BP 675 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.mito.2004.07.040 PG 20 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 885QS UT WOS:000226172600029 PM 16120424 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, MD TI Literature, disaster, and the enigma of power: A reading of 'Moby-Dick' SO MODERN FICTION STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0026-7724 J9 MOD FICTION STUD JI Mod. Fict. Stud. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 795 EP 797 DI 10.1353/mfs.2004.0074 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA 854BC UT WOS:000223874000034 ER PT J AU Burk, SD Thompson, WT AF Burk, SD Thompson, WT TI Mesoscale eddy formation and shock features associated with a coastally trapped disturbance SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC UNDULAR BORES; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; NOCTURNAL SQUALL LINE; STATES WEST-COAST; WIND REVERSALS; GRAVITY-WAVES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MORNING GLORY AB On 28 August 2002, a visually striking sequence of events appeared in satellite imagery showing a coastally trapped disturbance (CTD) propagating northward along the coast of California against a northerly background flow. As a narrow tongue of coastal stratus indicative of the CTD propagated northward, a long, linear set of wave clouds developed ahead of the advancing CTD and angled away from the coast. The CTD and cloud lines moved northward over the next similar to6 h and, as they approached Cape Mendocino (CM), the leading edge of the CTD clouds rolled up into a cyclonic mesoscale eddy - with the wave clouds being wrapped into the eddy. The CTD abruptly stalled and failed to round CM. Further, a second cyclonic mesoscale eddy formed southwest of Point Arena (PA). Although there has been extensive study of the propagation phase of CTDs, relatively little attention has been paid to the cessation of their propagation wherein mesoscale eddy development is not uncommon. Using the U. S. Navy's Coupled Ocean - Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), run in an operational manner, numerous observed features of this case are forecast, including: (i) the cold, shallow, cloud-filled, northward-propagating CTD; (ii) the development, linear structure, orientation, and movement of an oblique hydraulic jump - like ("shock") feature; (iii) a southerly wind shift associated with the CTD that precedes the advancing cloud tongue by several hours in both the observations and the model; (iv) the modeled CTD that rounds PA, but fails to round CM; and (v) the formation of modeled cyclonic mesoscale eddies near both CM and PA. North of PA, however, a phase error develops in which the modeled CTD propagation is too slow. The model forecast cloud tongue behaves as a gravity current, and similar to earlier observational and modeling studies of CTDs, the model forecasts a bore propagating in the stratified atmosphere immediately above the marine boundary layer. Supercritical flow is forecast in the accelerating northerly flow rounding CM, and when the advancing bore interacts with this high Froude number region a pronounced oblique shock develops and the CTD stalls. Vorticity is enhanced along this shock due to vertical stretching and potential vorticity is generated within the shock. Additionally, juxtaposition of the CTD's southerly flow with the background northerly flow creates a vortex sheet - like shear zone along the offshore flank of the CTD, with the horizontal gradient of absolute vorticity changing signs, which is a necessary condition for classic barotropic instability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM burk@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 132 IS 9 BP 2204 EP 2223 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2204:MEFASF>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 850JA UT WOS:000223606000004 ER PT J AU Voura, EB Jaiswal, JK Mattoussi, H Simon, SM AF Voura, EB Jaiswal, JK Mattoussi, H Simon, SM TI Tracking metastatic tumor cell extravasation with quantum dot nanocrystals and fluorescence emission-scanning microscopy SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MELANOMA-CELLS; IN-VIVO; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; MODEL AB Metastasis is an impediment to the development of effective cancer therapies. Our understanding of metastasis is limited by our inability to follow this process in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy offers the potential to follow cells at high resolution in living animals. Semiconductor nanocrystals, quantum dots (QDs), offer considerable advantages over organic fluorophores for this purpose. We used QDs and emission spectrum scanning multiphoton microscopy to develop a means to study extravasation in vivo. Although QD labeling shows no deleterious effects on cultured cells, concern over their potential toxicity in vivo has caused resistance toward their application to such studies. To test if effects of QD labeling emerge in vivo, tumor cells labeled with QDs were intravenously injected into mice and followed as they extravasated into lung tissue. The behavior of QD-labeled tumor cells in vivo was indistinguishable from that of unlabeled cells. QDs and spectral imaging allowed the simultaneous identification of five different populations of cells using multiphoton laser excitation. Besides establishing the safety of QDs for in vivo studies, our approach permits the study of multicellular interactions in vivo. C1 Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Box 304,1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM simon@rockefeller.edu RI Jaiswal, Jyoti/M-5891-2013 OI Jaiswal, Jyoti/0000-0002-5992-5185 NR 30 TC 456 Z9 486 U1 4 U2 72 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 10 IS 9 BP 993 EP 998 DI 10.1038/nm1096 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 851AZ UT WOS:000223658400038 PM 15334072 ER EF